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"Non è un buon periodo, vi assediano i problemi di sempre. Avete avuto una buona intuizione ma non basta. Accettate i rischi che la situazione comporta, abbiate coraggio e intraprendenza: CHIEDETE LA LUNA!"
(dal film "Chiedi la luna")
"It is not a good period, the usual problems besiege you. You have had a good intuition but it is not enough. You accept the risks that the situation involves, have courage and initiative: ASK THE MOON!"
(from the film "Ask the moon")
An amusing street scene of a young couple dealing with the practicalities of life on a cold winters morning in Auckland City
#streetphotography #couple #shelookscold #myshoelaceisundone #canyoutiemyshoelace #aucklandcity #auckland #spicollective #atlantecollective #spi #friendsinstreets #streetclickin #urbanstories #blackandwhite #bnw #newzealand #fujifilm #x100f #discoverauckland #exploreauckland #visitauckland #instagram #magnumphotos #street_is_life #bnwphotography #bnw_greatshots #gentleman #millenials
Historical research reveals that diverse political rationalities have framed the political means and objectives of state frontiers and borders, just as the difficult work of making borders actual has drawn upon a great variety of technologies
The single word ”border” conceals a multiplicity and implies a constancy where genealogical investigation uncovers mutation and descent. Historical research reveals that diverse political rationalities have framed the political means and objectives of state frontiers and borders, just as the difficult work of making borders actual has drawn upon a great variety of technologies and heterogeneous administrative practices, ranging from maps of the territory, the creation of specialized border officials, and architectures of fortification to today’s experimentation with bio- digitalized forms of surveillance. This chapter argues that we are witnessing a novel development within this history of borders and border-making, what I want to call the emergence of the humanitarian border. While a great deal has been written about the militarization, securitization and fortification of borders today, there is far less consideration of the humanitarianization of borders. But if the investment of border regimes by biometric technologies rightly warrants being treated as an event within the history of the making and remaking of borders (Amoore 2006), then arguably so too does the reinvention of the border as a space of humanitarian government.
Under what conditions are we seeing the rise of humanitarian borders? The emergence of the humanitarian border goes hand in hand with the move which has made state frontiers into privileged symbolic and regulatory instruments within strategies of migration control. It is part of a much wider trend that has been dubbed the ”rebordering” of political and territorial space (Andreas and Biersteker 2003). The humanitarian border emerges once it becomes established that border crossing has become, for thousands of migrants seeking, for a variety of reasons, to access the territories of the global North, a matter of life and death. It crystallizes as a way of governing this novel and disturbing situation,and compensating for the social violence embodied in the regime of migration control.The idea of a humanitarian border might sound at first counterintuitive or even oxymoronic. After all, we often think of contemporary humanitarianism as a force that, operating in the name of the universal but endangered subject of humanity, transcends the walled space of the inter-national system. This is, of course, quite valid. Yet it would be a mistake to draw any simple equation between humanitarian projects and what Deleuze and Guattari would call logics of deterritoralization. While humanitarian programmes might unsettle certain norms of statehood, it is important to recognize the ways in which the exercise of humanitarian power is connected to the actualization of new spaces. Whether by its redefinition of certain locales as humanitarian ”zones” and crises as ”emergencies” (Calhoun 2004), the authority it confers on certain experts to move rapidly across networks of aid and intervention, or its will to designate those populating these zones as ”victims,” it seems justified to follow Debrix’s (1998) observation that humanitarianism implies reterritorialization on top of deterritorialization. Humanitarian zones can materialize in various situations – in conflict zones, amidst the relief of famine, and against the backdrop of state failure. But the case that interests me in what follows is a specific one: a situation where the actual borders of states and gateways to the territory become themselves zones of humanitarian government. Understanding the consequences of this is paramount, since it has an important bearing on what is often termed the securitization of borders and citizenship.
Foucault and Frontiers
It is probably fair to say that the theme of frontiers is largely absent from the two courses that are today read together as Foucault’s lectures on ”governmentality” (Foucault 1991; 2007; 2008). This is not to suggest that frontiers receive no mention at all. Within these lectures we certainly encounter passing remarks on the theme. For instance, Foucault speaks at one point of ”the administrative state, born in the territoriality of national boundaries in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and corresponding to a society of regulation and discipline” (Foucault 1991: 104).1 Elsewhere, he notes how the calculation and demarcation of new frontiers served as one of the practical elements of military-diplomatic technology, a machine he associates with the government of Europe in the image of a balance of power and according to the governmental logic of raison d’état. ”When the diplomats, the ambassadors who negotiated the treaty of Westphalia, received instructions from their government, they were explicitly advised to ensure that the new frontiers, the distribution of states, the new relationships to be established between the German states and the Empire, and the zones of influence of France, Sweden, and Austria be established in terms of a principle: to maintain a balance between the different European states” (Foucault 2007: 297).
But these are only hints of what significance the question of frontiers might have within the different technologies of power which Foucault sought to analyze. They are only fragmentary reflections on the place borders and frontiers might occupy within the genealogy of the modern state which Foucault outlines with his research into governmentality.2
Why was Foucault apparently not particularly interested in borders when he composed these lectures? One possible answer is suggested by Elden’s careful and important work on power-knowledge and territory. Elden takes issue with Foucault for the way in which he discusses territorial rule largely as a foil which allows him to provide a more fully-worked out account of governmentality and its administration of population. Despite the fact that the term appears prominently in the title of Foucault’s lectures, ”the issue of territory continually emerges only to be repeatedly marginalized, eclipsed, and underplayed” (Elden 2007: 1). Because Foucault fails to reckon more fully with the many ways in which the production of territory – and most crucially its demarcation by practices of frontier marking and control – serves as a precondition for the government of population, it is not surprising that the question of frontiers occupies little space in his narrative.But there is another explanation for the relative absence of questions of frontiers in Foucault’s writing on governmentality. And here we have to acknowledge that, framed as it is previously, this is a problematic question. For it risks the kind of retrospective fallacy which projects a set of very contemporary issues and concerns onto Foucault’s time. It is probably fair to speculate that frontiers and border security was not a political issue during the 1970s in the way that it is today in many western states. ”Borders” had yet to be constituted as a sort of meta-issue, capable of condensing a whole complex of political fears and concerns, including globalization, the loss of sovereignty, terrorism, trafficking and unchecked immigration. The question of the welfare state certainly was an issue, perhaps even a meta-issue, when Foucault was lecturing, and it is perhaps not coincidental that he should devote so much space to the examination of pastoralism. But not the border. The point is not to suggest that Foucault’s work evolved in close,
Humanitarian Government
Before I address the question of the humanitarian border, it is necessary to explain what I understand by the humanitarian. Here my thinking has been shaped by recent work that engages the humanitarian not as a set of ideas and ideologies, nor simply as the activity of certain nongovernmental actors and organizations, but as a complex domain possessing specific forms of governmental reason. Fassin’s work on this theme is particularly important. Fassin demonstrates that humanitarianism can be fruitfully connected to the broader field of government which Foucault outlined, where government is not a necessary attribute of states but a rationalized activity than can be carried out by all sorts of agents, in various contexts, and towards multiple ends. At its core, ”Humanitarian government can be defined as the administration of human collectivities in the name of a higher moral principle which sees the preservation of life and the alleviation of suffering as the highest value of action” (Fassin 2007: 151). As he goes on to stress, the value of such a definition is that we do not see a particular state, or a non-state form such as a nongovernmental organization, as the necessary agent of humanitarian action. Instead, it becomes possible to think in terms of a complex assemblage, comprising particular forms of humanitarian.reason, specific forms of authority (medical, legal, spiritual) but also certain technologies of government – such as mechanisms for raising funds and training volunteers, administering aid and shelter, documenting injustice, and publicizing abuse. Seen from this angle humanitarianism appears as a much more supple, protean thing. Crucially, it opens up our ability to perceive ”a broader political and moral logic at work both within and outside state forms” (ibid.).
If the humanitarian can be situated in relation to the analytics of government, it can also be contextualized in relation to the biopolitical. ”Not only did the last century see the emergence of regimes committed to the physical destruction of populations,” observes Redfield, ”but also of entities devoted to monitoring and assisting populations in maintaining their physical existence, even while protesting the necessity of such an action and the failure of anyone to do much more than this bare minimum” (2005: 329). It is this ”minimalist biopolitics,” as Redfield puts it, that will be so characteristic of the humanitarian. And here the accent should be placed on the adjective “minimalist” if we are not to commit the kind of move which I criticized above, namely collapsing everything new into existing Foucauldian categories. It is important to regard contemporary humanitarianism as a novel formation and a site of ambivalence and undecideability, and not just as one more instance of what Hardt and Negri (2000) might call global “biopolitical production.”The Birth of the Humanitarian Border
In a press release issued on June 29, 2007, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) publicized a visit which its then Director General, Brunson McKinley, was about to make to a ”reception centre for migrants” on the Mediterranean island of Lampedusa (IOM 2007). The Director General is quoted as saying: ”Many more boats will probably arrive on Lampedusa over the summer with their desperate human cargo and we have to ensure we can adequately respond to their immediate needs.... This is why IOM will continue to work closely with the Italian government, the Italian Red Cross, UNHCR and other partners to provide appropriate humanitarian responses to irregular migrants and asylum seekers reaching the island.”
The same press release observes that IOM’s work with its ”partners” was part of a wider effort to improve the administration of the ”reception” (the word ”detention” is conspicuously absent) and ”repatriation” of ”irregular migrants” in Italy. Reception centers were being expanded, and problems of overcrowding alleviated. The statement goes on to observe that IOM had opened its office on Lampedusa in April 2006. Since that time ”Forced returns from Lampedusa [had] stopped.”
Lampedusa is a small Italian island located some 200 km south of Sicily and 300 km to the north of Libya. Its geographical location provides a clue as to how it is that in 2004 this Italian outpost first entered the spotlight of European and even world public attention, becoming a potent signifier for anxieties about an international migration crisis (Andrijasevic 2006). For it was then that this Italian holiday destination became the main point of arrival for boats carrying migrants from Libya to Italy. That year more than 10,000 migrants are reported to have passed through the ”temporary stay and assistance centre” (CPTA) the Italian state maintains on the island. The vast majority had arrived in overcrowded, makeshift boats after a perilous sea journey lasting up to several weeks. Usually these boats
are intercepted in Italian waters by the Italian border guards and the migrants transferred to the holding center on the island. Following detention, which can last for more than a month, they are either transferred to other CPTAs in Sicily and southern Italy, or expelled to Libya.Finally, there is a point to be made about humanitarianism, power and order. Those looking to locate contemporary humanitarianism within a bigger picture would perhaps follow the lead of Hardt and Negri. As these theorists of ”Empire” see things, NGOs like Amnesty International and Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) are, contrary to their own best intentions, implicated in global order. As agents of ”moral intervention” who, because they participate in the construction of emergency, ”prefigure the state of exception from below,” these actors serve as the preeminent ”frontline force of imperial intervention.” As such, Hardt and Negri see humanitarianism as ”completely immersed in the biopolitical context of the constitution of Empire” (Hardt and Negri 2000: 36).Humanitarianism, Borders, Politics
Foucauldian writing about borders has mirrored the wider field of governmentality studies in at least one respect. While it has produced some fascinating and insightful accounts of contemporary strategies and technologies of border-making and border policing, it has tended to confine its attention to official and often state-sanctioned projects. Political dynamics and political acts have certainly not been ignored. But little attention has been paid to the possibility that politics and resistance operate not just in an extrinsic relationship to contemporary regimes, but within them.12 To date this literature has largely failed to view politics as something constitutive and productive of border regimes and technologies. That is to say, there is little appreciation of the ways in which movements of opposition, and those particular kinds of resistance which Foucault calls ”counter conduct,” can operate not externally to modes of bordering but by means of ”a series of exchanges” and ”reciprocal supports” (Foucault 2007: 355).
There is a certain paradox involved when we speak of Foucault and frontiers. In certain key respects it could be said that Foucault is one of our most eminent and original theorists of bordering. For at the heart of one of his most widely read works – namely Discipline and Punish – what does one
find if not the question of power and how its modalities should be studied by focusing on practices of partitionment, segmentation, division, enclosure; practices that will underpin the ordering and policing of ever more aspects of the life of populations from the nineteenth century onwards. But while Foucault is interested in a range of practices which clearly pertain to the question of bordering understood in a somewhat general sense, one thing the reading of his lectures on security, governmentality and biopolitics reveals is that he had little to say explicitly about the specific forms of bordering associated with the government of the state. To put it differently, Foucault dealt at length with what we might call the microphysics of bordering, but much less with the place of borders considered at the level of tactics and strategies of governmentality.Recent literature has begun to address this imbalance, demonstrating that many of Foucault’s concepts are useful and important for understanding what kinds of power relations and governmental regimes are at stake in contemporary projects which are re-making state borders amidst renewed political concerns over things like terrorism and illegal immigration. However, the overarching theme of this chapter has been the need for caution when linking Foucault’s concepts to the study of borders and frontiers today. While analytics like biopolitics, discipline and neoliberalism offer all manner of insights, we need to avoid the trap which sees Foucault’s toolbox as something ready-made for any given situation. The challenge of understanding the emergent requires the development of new theoretical tools, not to mention the sharpening of older, well-used implements. With this end in mind the chapter has proposed the idea of the humanitarian border as a way of registering an event within the genealogy of the frontier, but also, although I have not developed it here, within the genealogy of citizenship.
What I have presented previously is only a very cursory overview of certain features of the humanitarianization of borders, most notably its inscription within regimes of knowledge, and its constitutive relationship to politics. In future research it would be interesting to undertake a fuller mapping of the humanitarian border in relation to certain trajectories of government. While we saw how themes of biopolitical and neoliberal government are pertinent in understanding the contemporary management of spaces like the detention center, it would seem especially relevant to consider the salience of pastoralism. Pastoral power has received far less attention within studies of governmentality than, say, discipline or liberal government (but see Dean 1999; Golder 2007; Hindess 1996; Lippert 2004). But here again, I suspect, it will be important to revise our concepts in the light of emergent practices and rationalities. For the ways in which NGOs and humanitarians engage in the governance of migrants and refugees today have changed quite significantly from the kinds of networks of care, self-examination and salvation which Foucault identified with pastoralism. For instance, and to take but one example, the pastoral care of migrants, whether in situations of sanctuary or detention, is not organized as a life-encompassing, permanent activity as it was for the church, or later, in a secular version, the welfare state. Instead, it is a temporary and ad hoc intervention. Just as Foucault’s notion of neo-liberalism was intended to register important transformations within the genealogy of liberal government, it may prove useful to think in terms of the neo-pastoral when we try to make better sense of the phenomenon of humanitarian government at/of borders, and of many other situations as well.
williamwalters.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/2011-Foucau...
I hate shooting someone in the sun. Some people don't seem to have a problem with it and produce very nice images in spite of the sun. I wish I knew their secret.
Oops. Got a little problem, here. This is a brand new dress, and I didn't realize it had such a full skirt. Look, could you help me out? The door locked on me. I don't want to have to ruin a brand new dress. Could you get the janitor to unlock the door? What's so funny, anyway? Where are you going? No, don't tell anyone else! I don't want all the men to see me this way! Come on! Help me, somebody, please! This is so humiliating.
The roller coaster at the seaside near me was carrying out maintenance on its roller coaster. The entire amusement park is surrounded by a tall wall topped with barbed wire. It always looks incongruous to me... I always see it as an amusement prison. This is, of course, one of the roller coaster cars and the grey strip is the roller coaster track...although it looks rather like a pole!
"The problem with cats is that they get the exact same look on their face whether they see a moth or an axe-murderer." ~Paula Poundstone
Cat- courtesy of Tom Tapio www.flickr.com/photos/tomitapio/2859574161/in/set-7215759...
There is barely any color left in this 56 year-old 3.5x5 inch photograph of me and my brother.
Photos of that era had a tendency to start fading after a few years. Our Dad snapped this shot but I can't remember what type of camera or film he used, probably Kodak or Polaroid. A few years ago my brother scanned this photo and produced a digital image which I tweaked using photo editing software to bring that moment back to life. A little bit of color is all you need if your editing software offers a large "color saturation" adjustment.
I remember how dry and crispy the grass was on that day. It must have been late summer. I know it was hot. The shrubs had a perfume and I recall the faint odor of freshly painted shutters on the windows. Mom and Dad were proud of our place and kept it spic n span.
Mom kept a watchful eye on newspaper ads. Occasionally, Sears or Montgomery Ward would offer a 2 for 1 deal on boys clothing. Mom and Dad taught us what it meant to be frugal and thrifty. Dad's DIY burr haircuts and home maintenance projects showed us how to save money. I still cut my own hair. It ain't pretty but it feels good when I think of the money I've saved over the years.
We received those bikes (Huffy Cheater Slick) the previous Christmas and spent the summer of '69 polishing our fenders with Dad's Turtle Wax. I used my allowance to purchase a speedometer for my bike at the local Western Auto store and I'm not exactly sure why 😜 since I never reached more than 20 mph. I guess I thought it was cool. Back then, our world consisted of a few blocks within our neighborhood in Lexington, Kentucky. We would meet with our friends and see who could lock their brakes and lay down the longest skid-mark, or ride down to Southland Shopping Center to get an ice-cream cone, a comic book and some bubble gum.
I never watched CBS News-man Walter Cronkite (or Waller Crank-Tight as Dad called him) who appeared each evening on 1 of our 4 TV channels, but I remember watching Neil Armstrong plant his feet on the Moon.
Years later, I discovered how many headlines made history that year, how time has changed the world, and how some things never change.
Space
Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins performed the first successful manned moon landing and Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon. The Mariner 6 Mars probe was launched from the United States and Soviet space probes Venera 5 & 6 arrived in Venus' atmosphere and were able to transmit information about the planet for 50 minutes before the Soviets lost contact.
Project Blue Book, the United States Air Force’s investigation into unidentified flying objects known as UFOs, officially came to an end on December 17.
Music
The Woodstock Festival was held near White Lake, New York, attracting 350,000 music fans. Woodstock featured some of the top rock musicians of the era including Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Grateful Dead, Joe Cocker, and Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young. In England, the Isle of Wight Festival attracted an audience of approximately 150,000 to watch 26 performers including Bob Dylan, The Who, Blonde On Blonde, Joe Cocker, The Moody Blues and Free. A free concert organized by the Rolling Stones was held at Altamont Speedway in Livermore, California with problems caused by the use of Hells Angels as Bouncers resulting in a number of deaths.
The Beatles released their Abbey Road album and gave their last public performance from the roof of Apple Records in London. John Lennon and Yoko Ono were married at Gibraltar, and had their honeymoon "Bed-In" for peace in Amsterdam. The John Lennon Album "Two Virgins" featuring John Lennon and Yoko Ono in the nude were confiscated at Newark Airport. Brian Jones, former Rolling Stones Guitarist drowned after a drinking and drug binge.
Led Zeppelin released Led Zeppelin II to critical acclaim, Pink Floyd released their Ummagumma album, The Rolling Stones released their Let It Bleed album and The Who released their Tommy album featuring the hit classic Pinball Wizard. Elvis Presley scored his final number one hit with the song Suspicious Minds.
Popular Songs: The Rolling Stones -- " Honky Tonk Woman ", The Beatles -- " Get Back" and "Come Together ", Johnny Cash -- "Daddy Sang Bass", Zager and Evans -- "In The Year 2525", The Archies -- "Sugar Sugar" and The Fifth Dimension -- "Aquarius".
Politicians
Richard Nixon was sworn in as the 37th U.S. president and Golda Meir became the first female prime minister of Israel. Moammar Gadhafi, a military captain at the time, deposed King Idris and assumed control of Libya. Charles de Gaulle Resigned as French President. Former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower died after a long illness at the age of 79 and Ho Chi Minh, the president of North Vietnam also died at the age of 79.
US Senator Edward M. Kennedy drove off a bridge into a tidal pond after leaving a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts, killing passenger Mary Jo Kopechne who was trapped inside the vehicle. Kennedy did not report the accident for nine or ten hours.
Sea
Robin Knox-Johnston became the first person to sail around the world solo without stopping. Donald Crowhurst's sailing trimaran Teignmouth Electron was found drifting and unoccupied in mid-Atlantic; it was presumed that Crowhurst committed suicide (or fell overboard) at sea earlier in the month having falsified his progress in the solo Sunday Times Golden Globe Race.
John Fairfax landed in Hollywood Beach, Florida near Miami and became the first person to row across an ocean solo. The SS United States, the last active United States Lines passenger ship, was withdrawn from service and the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 was entered into service.
The Australian light aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne sliced the destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in half killing 82 of her crew.
Flight
The Boeing 747 "jumbo jet" was flown for the first time, taking off from the Boeing airfield at Everett, Washington. The 747 also made its first passenger flight carrying 191 people, most of them reporters and photographers, from Seattle to New York City.
In Toulouse, France, The Concorde made its first successful flight with a maximum cruising speed of 2,179 km (1,354 miles) per hour, more than twice the speed of sound and The Hawker Siddeley Harrier known as the "Jump Jet" was entered into service with the Royal Air Force.
Despite temperatures of -43C at altitudes of 29,000 ft. 22-year-old Cuban refugee Armando Socarras Ramirez survived in the wheel well of a DC-8 from Havana, Cuba, to Madrid, Spain, wearing only light clothing.
Medicine
On 4 April 1969, Domingo Liotta and Denton A. Cooley replaced a dying man's heart with a mechanical heart inside the chest at The Texas Heart Institute in Houston as a bridge for a transplant. The man woke up and began to recover. After 64 hours, the pneumatic-powered artificial heart was removed and replaced with a donor heart.
A teenager known as 'Robert R.' died in St. Louis, Missouri, of a baffling medical condition. In 1984 Robert R's condition was identified as the earliest confirmed case of HIV/AIDS in North America.
Doctors at Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas, made medical history on April 22nd, when they performed the first human eye transplant on 54-year-old John Madden. Because the donor eye had not been preserved enough to keep it viable, the procedure failed to restore Madden's sight.
Weather
During the last week of February a snowstorm hit the Northeastern U.S. region. The storm had a Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) of 34.03 making it a Category 5 storm. Mt. Washington in New Hampshire had over 8 feet of snow during the storm. On February 25 alone, Mt. Washington had over 4 feet of snow: 49.3 inches, which is still the one-day record.
Category 5 Hurricane Camille, the most powerful tropical cyclonic system at landfall in history, hit the Mississippi coast, killing 248 people and left $1.5 billion dollars in damage (1969 dollars).
Crime
Michael Mageau and Darlene Ferrin were shot at Blue Rock Springs Park in Vellejo, California. They were the second (known) victims of the Zodiac Killer. Mageau survived the attack but Ferrin was pronounced dead-on-arrival at Richmond Medical Center. Two months later, The Zodiac Killer stabbed Bryan Hartnell and Cecilia Shepard at Lake Berryessa. Hartnell survived but Shepard died. During the following month, The Zodiac Killer shot and killed taxi driver Paul Stine in the Presidio Heights neighborhood of San Francisco, marking the infamous serial killer's last known slaying.
Members of the Manson Family invaded the home of actress Sharon Tate and her husband Roman Polanski in Los Angeles. The followers killed Tate (who was 8.5 months pregnant), and her friends: Folgers coffee heiress Abigail Folger, Wojciech Frykowski, and Hollywood hairstylist Jay Sebring. Also killed was Steven Parent, leaving from a visit to the Polanskis' caretaker. More than 100 stab wounds were found on the victims, except for Parent, who had been shot almost as soon as the Manson Family entered the property. The following day the Manson Family killed Leno and Rosemary LaBianca, a wealthy Los Angeles businessman and his wife.
Police raid Stonewall Inn on June 28th a gay club located in New York City ending The Stonewall Riot.
In a Los Angeles court, Sirhan Sirhan admitted that he killed presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy. In Memphis, Tennessee, James Earl Ray pled guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. (he later retracted his guilty plea). The trial began of the "Chicago Seven" accused of inciting a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.
Boxing champion Muhammad Ali was convicted of evading the draft after he refused to be inducted into the U.S. Army. Arrest warrants were issued by a Florida court for Jim Morrison on charges of indecent exposure during a Doors concert.
The Unexplained
Six-year-old Dennis Martin disappeared while camping in the Great Smokey Mountains National Park. Dennis was last seen by his father going behind a bush to hide, intending to surprise the adults with the other children. After not seeing him for about five minutes and when the other children had returned to the campsite, his father became concerned and began searching for him. His father ran down the trail for nearly two miles, until he was sure he could not have gotten any farther. After several hours, they sought help from National Park Service rangers. The search effort was the most extensive in the park's history, involving approximately 1,400 searchers and a 56-square-mile (150 km2) area. Dennis was never found.
While campaigning in Leary, GA, future president Jimmy Carter and several other guests at a Lion's Club Meeting witnessed an Unidentified Flying Object. Carter later filed the incident with the International UFO Bureau and in 1977 he became the first U.S. President with an official record of a UFO sighting.
Business
The first automatic teller machine (ATM) in the United States was installed in Rockville Centre, New York. Samsung Electronics was founded in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Donald and Doris Fisher opened the first Gap store on Ocean Avenue in San Francisco and Wal-Mart incorporated as Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
New Products
Seiko Astron - world’s first commercial quartz wristwatch
Capri-Sun, juice concentrate drink
Charms Blow Pops
Fla-Vor-Ice popsicles
Kelloggs Frosted Mini Wheats
Funyuns Onion Flavored Rings by Frito-Lay
Gain detergent by Proctor & Gamble
Hawaiian Tropic Suntan Lotion
Manwich canned sloppy joe sauce by ConAgra and Hunts
Nerf Brand Toys by Parker Brothers
Nutter Butter Peanut Butter Cookies
Orville Redenbacher's Popcorn by Chester Inc.
Tic Tac mints by Ferrero
Restaurants
Dave Thomas opened his first Wendy's restaurant in a former steakhouse in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Captain D's was founded as "Mr. D's Seafood and Hamburgers" by Ray Danner with its first location opening in Donelson, Tennessee. The Long John Silver's restaurant chain opened its first store on Southland Drive in Lexington, Kentucky (I was there) and Arthur Treacher's Fish and Chips was founded by S. Robert Davis and Dave Thomas with its first location in Columbus, Ohio.
Dan W. Evins opened the first Cracker Barrel Old Country Store on Highway 109 in Lebanon, TN. By 1977 he had opened 13 stores from Kentucky to Georgia. In 2020 there were 664 stores in 45 states.
Sports
San Francisco Giant Willie Mays became the first major league baseball player since Babe Ruth to hit 600 career home runs. The New York Mets defeated the Baltimore Orioles four games to one in one of the greatest World Series upsets in baseball history. The Montreal Expos became the first Major League Baseball team to be founded outside the U.S., Mickey Mantle retired from baseball and professional footballer Pelé scored his 1,000th goal.
Mario Andretti won the Indy 500, the only victory in the "Great American Race" for the legendary Andretti family as a driver.
War
The Battle of Dong Ap Bia, also known as Hamburger Hill, began on May 10th. Although the heavily fortified Hill 937 was of little strategic value, U.S. command ordered its capture by a frontal assault, only to abandon it soon thereafter. U.S. losses during the ten-day battle totaled 72 killed and 372 wounded.
Persons who were born during the years from 1944 to 1951, and who celebrated their birthdays on September 14, marked the occasion without being aware that their birthday would be the first date selected in the new U.S. draft lottery on December 1.
Independent investigative journalist Seymour Hersh broke the My Lai Massacre story, the mass murder of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops in the Sơn Tịnh District of South Vietnam.
Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States met in Helsinki, to begin the SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.
250,000 people marched on Washington in protest of the Vietnam War and the very first U.S. troop withdrawals were made from Vietnam.
Hollywood
Several blockbuster and now classic films were released in 1969. 20th Century Fox released Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid starring Paul Newman, Robert Redford and Katharine Ross. Columbia Pictures released Easy Rider starring Peter Fonda, Dennis Hopper and Jack Nicholson. Paramount Pictures released True Grit starring John Wayne, Glen Campbell and Kim Darby. Midnight Cowboy starring Dustin Hoffman and Jon Voight was released and won three Academy Awards.
Other notable film releases of 1969: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Funny Girl, The Love Bug, Hello Dolly!, Where Eagles Dare, and Paint Your Wagon.
At 24 years old, a young and nude Helen Mirren established her first major film role in Age of Consent starring James Mason and directed by Michael Powell.
Best known for her role as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz, American actress and singer Judy Garland died while in London of an accidental barbiturate overdose less than 2 weeks after her 47th birthday.
Television
The first episode of Hee Haw aired on the CBS network with guest stars Loretta Lynn and Charlie Pride. Scooby-Doo also aired its first episode on the CBS network. The Brady Bunch was broadcast for the first time on ABC. Monty Python's Flying Circus first aired on BBC One and Sesame Street aired its first episode on the NET network. The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) was established and The Galloping Gourmet with host Graham Kerr debuted in the U.S.
NBC aired the last episode of the original Star Trek series "Turnabout Intruder" Starring Leonard Nimoy (Spock) and Majel Barret (Nurse Chapel) the only actors to appear in both the series finale and the first pilot Star Trek: The Cage (1966).
Technology
The first message was sent over ARPANET, the forerunner of the internet and the first ARPANET link was established (the progenitor of the global Internet).
The Microprocessor ( a miniature set of integrated circuits ) was invented opening the door for the computer revolution that followed.
UNIX was developed by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs.
Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith developed the charge-coupled device (CCD) while working at Bell Laboratories, producing the world's first solid-state video camera just a year later.
Cars
Pontiac Firebird Trans Am the epitome of the American muscle car was introduced. Chevrolet produced 3,675 Pace Car Edition Camaro Z11's and Ford offered the new Capri in everything from the basic 1.3-litre to the meaty 3.0-litre V6.
The Plymouth Road Runner captured the spotlight as Motor Trend's Car of The Year. Engine options included the standard 383 and optional 426 Hemi with the mid-year introduction of the 440 A12 Six Pack performance option.
U.S. Cost of Living 1969 vs 2023 (updated 5/21/2023)
yearly income 1969: $9,400 (2023 dollars: $77,700)
yearly income 2023: $53,490
new house 1969: $25,600 (2023 dollars: $211,610)
new house 2023: $436,800
new car 1969: $3,400 (2023 dollars: $28,104)
new car 2023: $47,000
1 gallon of gas 1969: 35 cents (2023 dollars: $2.89)
1 gallon of gas 2023: $3.54
1 loaf of white bread 1969: 23 cents (2023 dollars: $1.90)
1 loaf of white bread 2023: $2.50
IN ENGLISH BELOW THE LINE
El conjunt dels objectius tipus Petzval, tots de bronze. De moment només he pogut fer servir el Derogy, però espero aviat poder emprar el Voigtlander, el Lerebours i el Dallmeyer, tant per plaques de 13x18 com de 18x24.
Es tracta d'un ambrotip en vidre fosc, format 4x5 polzades, realitzat amb una Graflex Speed Graphic, fabricada entorn 1950; objectiu Kodak Anastigmat f4.5; col·lodió Mamuth Liliana, revelat amb Mamuth MD8. He de dir que no estic gens content amb aquest col·lodió, m'ha donat força problemes.
Les plaques de col·lodió es realitzen al moment, cobrint una placa de vidre o planxa metal·lica negra amb col·lodió i sals de cadmi i/o potassi, sensibilitzat amb nitrat de plata. Aleshores s'ha de fer la fotografia i revelar-la en uns 5 minuts, abans no s'assequi la emulsió. És un dels processos fotogràfics més antics del món, inventat el 1851, i que dominà fins el 1880. Però ara ha resorgit, ja que les imatges, molt treballades, que dona són úniques, màgiques i i irrepetibles.
ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C2%B7lodi%C3%B3_humit
Aquí en teniu una demostració de com es fan:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1ZH4RTaM60
=====================
Those are my brass oldies, all petzvals. By now I could only use the smaller Derogy, but I'm preparing lens boards et al. to use at least the Voigtländer, Lerebours and Dallmeyer.
Ambrotype in 4x5 format, made with a Graflex Pacemaker Speed Graphic; Kodak Anastigmat f4.5 lens; Mamuth Liliana collodion, developed with Mamuth MD8. I'm not happy at all with this Liliana collodion, has given a lot of problems, like cloudly lines & peeling, even with the developer!
The collodion plates are made covering a glass plate or black metal plate with collodion and salts of cadmium and / or potassium, sensitized with silver nitrate. Then you have to take the photo and reveal it in about 5 minutes, before the emulsion dries. It is one of the oldest photographic processes in the World, invented in 1851, and which dominated photography until 1880. But now it has resurfaced, as the images, very elaborate to create, that it gives are unique, razor sharp, magical and unrepeatable.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collodion_process
intrepidcamera.co.uk/blog/rikard-osterlund-guide-to-wet-p...
Here's a nice video of the wet plate collodion process:
My computer still has problems even after $155 !! Working on it tomorrow, too tired and frustrated right now. I have counted up to 12 alterations these 'experts' made that I cannot make heads or tails of! SO SO FRUSTRATING...they even eliminated my favored icons on my desktop and my printer is now not working propertly....AAARRRGGGHHH!
TO HEAR THE BEAUTIFUL SONG OF THE WESTERN MEADOWLARK PLEASE RIGHT CLICK AND OPEN IN NEW TAB.
www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/audio/Western_Meadowl...
Please do not use this image on websites, blogs or any other media without my explicit permission. © All rights reserved
Uh oh...Executive Ellen can't get to work until she gets her garage door fixed.
This photo is loosely based on our garage door problem from yesterday. I heard a loud, unidentified noise in the morning. We searched the house but didn't find the problem until we were ready to leave in the afternoon. It turns out that the garage door spring had snapped, making it impossible to open the garage door and get our cars out until it had been repaired. You'd be surprised at how expensive it is to replace a garage door spring - yikes! At least no damage was done and our garage door did not fall off like Executive Ellen's did :-)
A big "Thank You" to the repairman who showed up within 20 minutes, on Labor Day, to fix our garage door :-)
Sadly the PBR release created some problems due to how differently alpha textures are rendered now. This was particularly apparent on the hairbases of many of our styles, so we've been busy correcting this issue on the following listed hairstyles. You can claim free updates for these via the Redelivery at the store:
Abigail, Adelaide, Addison, Alexandra, Alice, Alvilde, Amanda, Amy, Artisan, Ash, Aurora, Cassie, Cassiopeia, Celeste, Cordelia, Cure, Darla, Dawn, December, Delilah, Delulu, Dolly, Eleanor, Eliza, Erin, Esme, Faith, Fiend, Gemma, Hazel, Helena, Holly, Isabelle, Jennifer, Joy, Kat, Kayla, Lilian, Lydia, Lyric, Maia, Marigold, Melody, Michelle, Midnight, Mira, Monarch, Mood, Morgana, Morticia, Natalie, Oats, Pia, Sadie, Salem, Sienna, Sunrise, Unravel, Vanessa, Violet.
The problem with doing the 52 photos in 2014 project, is opportunity. This week leaving for and getting home from work it's dark. Today it poured rain and was grey and awful.
So a bowl of water with some cooking oil added to it. I placed it on some coloured backgrounds Voilà.
This was actually sitting on a celebrations tin lid.
A collection of shots from the Old Road between Masboroough Junction and Beighton Junction in an hour this afternoon picking up diverted WCML freights and other engineering trains. I was slightly frustrated arriving nearly two hours later than I had planned which would have coincided with the Coatbridge to Daventry liner and a southbound engineers. The eventual outcome is the Coatbridge was running two hours late coinciding with another southbound engineers.
A disappointing load for GBRF and not too much of a problem for 66309 the 4S57 11:56 Hams Hall GBRF to Mossend Euro terminal heads past the Treeton Loop.
The problem with memories is that the ones that really hurt you sticks like Tattoos on the wall of your heart.It’s a memory that is stuck in your head. It’s in the past, but it comes back and bites. It’s a tattoo because it’s a memory that hurts, but doesn’t disappear.
Wish we have a choice to delete the ones which you hate haunting you and save just the ones you like to cherish...
A major problem about posting on Flickr is how little constructive feedback is offered to photographers by the viewers. I know from experience that a lot of members are really sensitive to constructive criticism, which sadly limits their potential to develop their skills. Hence the typical comment "Beautiful image", "Outstanding work", "Awesome", etc. on all images, regardless if good or bad, snapshot or masterpiece.
I am indebted to one of my Flickr friends for suggesting I try a different crop on one of the images I previously posted on Flickr. You can see the previous crop below. I think you will agree that the suggested change made for a much more compelling image. Thanks Robert.
"OK little buddy, we have a break in the rain. Go potty and poopie. Come on, please. It's day two and I know you can't hold it any longer. I have a nice chunk of rib eye in my pocket. Fine it's the old cheese we won't eat, but you sometimes do. This isn't going to happen is it? You're going to go on the floor the moment we go back in, aren't you? Well I tried and no, you can't have the stinky cheese that's now stuck to the inside of my pocket."
taken when was looking around the turbine hall of the tate modern with sgoralnick a few months back. basically doris salcedo has put a massive crack in the floor of the turbine hall and what a nice crack it is to, only problem is a few people found it to hard to have a look at the crack with out falling in it or getting there limbs stuck in it so its now behind a barrier. i fund this out when looking in to Meg Pickard's photo stream today. i reckon the same people who have the legs stuck in doris salcedo crack are the same people making such a fuss over flickr video.
IN ENGLISH BELOW THE LINE
La meva Graflex Pacemaker Speed Graphic, la primer càmera que vaig fer servir per a plaques de col·lodió (en 4x5 polzades).
Es tracta d'un ambrotip de format 18x24 cm, realitzat amb una GOMZ FK 18X24 fabricada el 1960; objectiu Industar I-37 f4/300mm; Col·lodió Old Workhorse de Franalog; revelador Mammoth MD7.
Les plaques de col·lodió es realitzen al moment, cobrint una placa de vidre o planxa metal·lica negra amb col·lodió i sals de cadmi i/o potassi, sensibilitzat amb nitrat de plata. Aleshores s'ha de fer la fotografia i revelar-la en uns 5 minuts, abans no s'assequi la emulsió. És un dels processos fotogràfics més antics del món, inventat el 1851, i que dominà fins el 1880. Però ara ha resorgit, ja que les imatges, molt treballades, que dona són úniques, màgiques i i irrepetibles.
ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C2%B7lodi%C3%B3_humit
==========================================
My Graflex Pacemaker Speed Graphic, the first camera I used for wet plate collodion, shot in 18x24 cm with a quite larger camera.
Clear glass ambrotype in 18x24 cm format, made with a GOMZ FK 18X24 made in 1960; Industar-37 f4/300mm lens; Old Workhorse collodion by Franalog; Mammoth MD7 developer.
The collodion plates are made covering a glass plate or black metal plate with collodion and salts of cadmium and / or potassium, sensitized with silver nitrate. Then you have to take the photo and reveal it in about 5 minutes, before the emulsion dries. It is one of the oldest photographic processes in the World, invented in 1851, and which dominated photography until 1880. But now it has resurfaced, as the images, very elaborate to create, that it gives are unique, razor sharp, magical and unrepeatable.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collodion_process
intrepidcamera.co.uk/blog/rikard-osterlund-guide-to-wet-p...
Houston, we have a problem...
This is the biggest bit of storm damage I've found so far on my limited travels - a big old tree down and blocking a lane.
I was faced with a connundru... a conundro... a difficult question - find a way through the blockage or go back and take the long way round to where I was going.
Well, they say where there's a will there's a way. So I phoned Will but he was busy doing voice overs for Sat Navs so couldn't come. So I had to find my own way through. Going through/over it all looked a bit sprained ankley at best, or at worst, a stabby branch up a trouser leg, so a bit more exploration took place and I found I could go around the whole mess fairly easily by navigating my way through the bushes on the left hand verge.
Quite how it has been left this long is beyond me to be honest.
There was a sign up saying road closed by the way, but we cyclists don't bother with minor details like that do we...
🔴 Problem Ink - Hockey Set
ALPHA EVENT
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/ACCESS%203/132/111/1001
LM STORE:
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Smooth%20Peaches/235/78/2501
🔴:RBento:: Dave - Bento single static poses
Lazy Sunday February 23 round Marketplace Link marketplace.secondlife.com/p/RBento-Dave-Bento-single-sta...
MAINSTORE