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World's greatest athlete and friend, Bruce Jenner, and Jack. Bruce is featured in Jack's #1 best selling book, The DNA of Success.
Listed 9/3/2019
Millbrook, New York
Reference number: 100004333
Innisfree is a public garden of approximately 200 acres, blending Japanese, Chinese, Modern, and ecological design principles in Millbrook, a rural area roughly in the center of Dutchess County, New York. Innisfree’s distinctive sloping, rocky landscape, which forms the literal and visual foundation for the garden, is set within a natural bowl wrapping around the 40-acre Tyrrel Lake. This bowl, with no other signs of human intervention visible beyond the garden, creates a profound sense of intimacy and privacy at Innisfree that is one of its defining characteristics. A product of postwar ideas in American landscape architecture, Innisfree merges the essence of Modernist and Romantic ideas with traditional Chinese and Japanese garden design principles in a form that evolved through subtle, sculptural handling of the site and slow, science-based manipulation of its ecology. The result is a distinctly American stroll garden organized around placemaking techniques used in ancient Chinese villa gardens and described as “cup gardens.”
Innisfree, one of the largest intact modern designed landscapes in America, is the masterwork of Lester Collins (1914-1993), a seminal figure in American twentieth century landscape architecture. Lester Collins, fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects, was one of the most sought-after designers and influential educators of his generation. Innisfree’s design reflects the philosophies and practices that guided Collins’s approach throughout his career, integrates innovative, sometimes truly groundbreaking horticultural and environmental engineering practices, and embodies the distinctive characteristics of postwar Modernist landscape architecture.
Innisfree began as the private estate of Walter and Marion Beck, who started initial work on the garden during the early 1930s. Starting in 1938, they continued its development in collaboration with and under the direction of Lester Collins. In 1960, following the deaths of the Becks and pursuant to their wishes, Collins transformed Innisfree from a private estate garden into a substantially larger, more nuanced public garden. He ran the public
garden while continuing to gradually develop and transform the landscape until his death in 1993.
Innisfree demonstrates Collins’s focus on the experience of people in the landscape; his ability to respond adroitly to the particularities of site and program; his approach and aesthetics as a Modernist; his scholarly understanding of landscape history, particularly of Romantic, Chinese, and Japanese gardens; and his innovative use of scientific and engineering principles to develop an environmentally and economically sustainable landscape. Innisfree has long been a mecca for designers from all over the world and it is now attracting similar attention from the global horticultural
community.
The primary features of Innisfree’s design are its principal cup gardens (loosely understood as garden rooms), Tyrrel Lake, and the Lake Path. Collins used the unifying features of the lake and lake path to integrate the many cup gardens into one dynamic experience in the natural landscape. The cup gardens vary in form, scale, and materials. One is an organically shaped meadow bisected by a wildly meandering stream and dotted with sculptural rocks and specimen trees. Another is a bog garden that has been carefully but lightly managed so that a new plant community emerged to play a particular aesthetic role. One more still is an elaborate complex of rock terraces stepping down a slope, each with its own vocabulary of design, materials, and mood.
Throughout the garden, there are themes and motifs that recur in varied forms. There is a dynamic tension between what appears to be natural and what appears to be cultivated. At a macro scale, this is evidenced by the entirety of the garden itself emerging from apparent wooded wilderness. Undulating, almost surreal natural topography is echoed in the rounded forms of clipped trees and constructed berms. Tall, straight pine trunks are mirrored in a 60’ high fountain jet. Naturalistic bogs are discreetly cultivated while areas that look like traditional planted beds are allowed to evolve and change like native plant communities.
While there are some exceptional horticultural specimens at Innisfree, the vast majority of the plants are native or naturalized. Instead of labor-intensive maintenance to strictly adhere to a fixed planting plan, plants are encouraged to find locations where they thrive just as they do in the wild and then gently edited for aesthetics. Sometimes this is achieved simply by allowing plants to self-sow; sometimes by sowing seed or moving plants in from elsewhere on site to increase a successful population; sometimes by limited hybridization to develop strains that are more ideally suited to specific local conditions. As a result, the overall plantings at Innisfree have an unstudied visual character punctuated by a handful of carefully placed, carefully sculpted trees.
There is also a deliberate choreographing of human perceptual experiences throughout Innisfree. Collins paid particular attention to these ideas. Scale ranges from massive to intimate. Spaces are open and bright, or tight and shadowy. Surfaces vary in material, texture, slope, and sound. Water changes form, scale, and sound. Design and planting details are dense or spare.
Another important motif at Innisfree is sculptural landforms. Collins began to clear trees to reveal the undulating glacial landforms. Collins felt that “land shapes, both natural and man-made…separate but also knit together sequences of cup gardens. Just like the sculptural rocks, these land forms are permanent design features in the garden, for they do not grow and their health is not subject to vagaries.” In the 1970s and early 1980s, Collins created dramatic berms in the garden to echo and emphasize the natural landforms.
In the nearly 70 years since Innisfree opened to the public, the garden has delighted and captured the imagination of experts and non-experts alike. Garden lovers, landscape writers and critics have sought to capture the unique aesthetic qualities and unusual design sophistication of Innisfree in various descriptive terms.
National Register of Historic Places Homepage
Ahead of the European Parliament elections in 2014, find out how the EU has provided assistance and disaster response through it's humanitarian aid and civil protection department (ECHO).
All images are free to download, just credit: EC/ECHO
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Exalt the goddess archetype in the fine art of photography! My Epic Book: Photographing Women Models!
Portrait, Swimsuit, Lingerie, Boudoir, Fine Art, & Fashion Photography Exalting the Venus Goddess Archetype: How to Shoot Epic ...
Epic! Beautiful Surf Fine Art Portrait Swimsuit Bikini Models!
Follow me my good friends!
facebook.com/goldennumberratio
Some of my epic books, prints, & more!
Exalt your photography with Golden Ratio Compositions!
Golden Ratio Compositions & Secret Sacred Geometry for Photography, Fine Art, & Landscape Photographers: How to Exalt Art with Leonardo da Vinci's, Michelangelo's!
Epic Landscape Photography:
A Simple Guide to the Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography: Master Composition, Lenses, Camera Settings, Aperture, ISO, ... Hero's Odyssey Mythology Photography)
Enjoy my physics!! Light Time Dimension Theory: The Foundational Physics Unifying Einstein's Relativity and Quantum Mechanics: A Simple, Illustrated Introduction to the Physical
Beautiful Surf Goddesses! Athletic Action Portraits of Swimsuit Bikini Models! Athena, Artemis, Helen, and Aphrodite!
Annual Plenary Meeting of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights Initiative, 17 March 2015, London.
2001 China TCDC International Training Course on Bamboo Technology
DESCRIPTION:
Training Course
China National Bamboo Research Center
CHINA
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Mr. Ding Xingcui,
Mr. Wu Jintao cbrc@mail.hz.zj.cn
+86 571 8869217 or 8863888 ext. 8915
PRESS RELEASE:
Participants are required to master the basic theories and principles of cultivation processing and utilization of bamboo so as to enhance their awareness and capacity of integrated development of bamboo, and create a chance leading to further mutual fruitful exchange and cooperation.
Enrollment Information for Course Guangzhou - 10-May-2001
ENROLLMENT INFORMATION 2001
China TCDC International Training Course on Bamboo Technology
Totally, there are 1250 species of bamboo or more belonged to 150 genera with a bamboo forest area of 1700 million ha. in the world, among which, there are more than 500 species belonging to 39 genera with a bamboo forest area of 500 million ha. in China, or about 1/3 of the world total, therefore, China is reputed as a "Bamboo Kingdom". China not only is a big country of bamboo resources, but also has already accumulated so much experience in bamboo research, exploitation, production, and management, etc., as a result, has been in advanced position of the world in many aspects of bamboo, especially marked achievements have been scored in bamboo integrated processing and utilization. The total production value of bamboo sector in China in 1999 is over US$ 2.2 billion. Bamboo sector has been becoming a new sunrising industry.
China National Bamboo Research Center (CBRC) was established in 1988 in Hangzhou, a picturesque city in eastern China, which is located in one of the China's biggest bamboo grown centers, and well-known for its West Lake. CBRC has three missions as enshrined by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Administration of Forestry: (a) to undertake, organize and coordinate major international and domestic bamboo projects of research and exploitation; (b) to undertake international technical and economic exchange and cooperation and personnel training in bamboo; and (c) to be managed and operated by modality of share-holding and gradually grow into a locomotive and backbone enterprise of China's bamboo sector so as to enhance China bamboo industry as a whole.
In order to disseminate bamboo technology, CBRC has already held with success several training courses/workshops entrusted by United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the Ministry of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC), P.R. China, etc.
"2001 China TCDC International Training Course on Bamboo Technology" is the course sponsored by the Chinese Government. CBRC is entrusted by the MOFTEC to organize this training course. We should invite famous experts, professors all over the China, even an academician to give lectures.
1. Objectives
Participants are required to master the basic theories and principles of cultivation, processing and utilization of bamboo so as to enhance their awareness and capacity of integrated development of bamboo, and create a chance leading to further mutual fruitful exchange and cooperation.
2. Date and Duration
From May 8 to June 22, 2001.
3. Venue
China National Bamboo Research Center (CBRC) No. 138 Wenyi Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012 P.R. China
4. Main Course Contents
Present situation of bamboo resources, cultivation, processing, utilization in China and in the world; Bamboo sustainable development; Bamboo classification and introduction; Bamboo genetic pool set-up and maintenance; Bamboo biology and ecology, including individual and population growth and development; Bamboo propagation; Oriented cultivation of in-kind bamboo stands, such as for shoot, timber, both shoot and timber, coastal shelter, water and soil conservation, landscape, and pulp etc.; Bamboo landscaping; Bamboo pest control; Bamboo shoot production and processing; Production technologies of bamboo flooring and 10-plus bamboo artificial boards; Bamboo food, Bamboo integrated utilization (bamboo mats, bamboo charcoal, bamboo chemical utilization, etc); and Bamboo timber and shoot preservation; Bamboo social economy, etc.
5. Training Methods
Lectures, Field Practice, Demonstration, Seminar on Special Topics, Field Tours, Discussion and Report Presentation, Term Paper, etc.
6. Medium of Instruction
English
7. Source of Trainees
Technical, management and research personnel or officials in the field of forestry, bamboo, agriculture and others from developing countries.
8. Methods for Evaluation
The evaluation for the participants will be done on the basis of written tests, field practice, site study and comprehensive performance. Successful completion of the training program will lead to a diploma offered by CBRC. The allotment of marks will be as follows: a) Written tests 50% b) Comprehensive performance 50%
9. Participant's Qualifications and Requirements for Admission
Participants are requested: 1) To be nominated by his/her related government department; 2) To be less than 45 years old, better with a minimum educational background of college graduate, better with an agriculture, forestry and bamboo background and with a minimum of two years' practice in the relative profession; 3) To be in good health conditions with no infectious diseases and not handicapped. Physically fit to completing all course activities; 4) To be proficient in English reading, listening, speaking and writing; 5) To prepare a review paper or report on the bamboo (forestry) production or research of the participant's country and brief introduction of the participant's professional experiences for the purpose of experiences exchange; 6) Not to bring family members to the training course; and 7) To observe all the laws, rules and regulations of P. R. China and respect the Chinese customs during the training period.
10. Training Expenses
1) The expenses of training, boarding and lodging, local transportation, pocket money of RMB 30 Yuan per person per day during the training period in China will be borne by the Chinese Government and distributed by CBRC. 2) The International travel costs including round trip tickets, transit fares are to be covered by the participants themselves, or their respective Governments, or their employers or sponsored by some international organizations, like UNDP, ESCAP, FAO, etc. through proper application and consultations. 3) The expenses of medical care, insurance and domestic salaries for the participants are to be borne by the participants' governments.
11. Application and Admission
1) The applicants should be nominated by their respective Governments. The nominated participants are requested to fill up the Application Forms, which should be endorsed by the departments concerned of their respective Governments, and submit with valid Health Certificates provided by authorized physicians or hospitals to the Economic and Commercial Counselor's Office of the Chinese Embassy ( ECCOCE ) for examination, recommendation and endorsement; 2) After endorsed by the Economic and Commercial Counselor's Office of the Chinese Embassy, Admission Notices will be issued to the accepted participants by the ECCOCE through the related governmental departments of the participants. With the Admission Notices, the participants are requested to go through all necessary formalities for entering into China and bring all the documents like Admission Notices, Application Forms, Health Certificates to China for attending the Course on time.
12. Insurance
The training course organizer dose not hold any responsibility for such risks as loss of life, accidents, illness, loss of properties incurred by the participants during the training period.
13. Liaison Address
Attn: Mr. Ding Xingcui, Mr. Wu Jintao China National Bamboo Research Center No. 138, Wenyi Rd., Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang Province P.R. China Phone:+86 571 8869217 or 8863888 ext. 8915 Mobile: +86 13805791796 Fax: +86 571 8869217, 8860944
E-mail: cbrc@mail.hz.zj.cn
Card game developed to illustrate Mollison's 5 'Attitudinal Principles' for use on permaculture courses using photos from the London Permaculture Flickr site and Aranya Gardens www.aranyagardens.co.uk/Salad Mandalas.htm.
There are 4 cards to illustrate each principle;
Green names the principle
Yellow gives a short summary or 'soundbite' explanation
Blue explains the principle in more depth
A photo graphically illustrates each principle.
Match the cards and make the set!
My principles of design for this photo is contrast because the contrast between all of the different colors and a little bit of texture created from the lines on my skin brought out by the color. The process for my image was I took some food coloring and I dripped it down my hands and blended some with a paintbrush. Then I took a light and shined it onto my hand and took the photo. If I could change one thing it would be to change the angle of the photo. I think I did well with making sure the colors turned out vibrant enough.
From left to right: Chuck Ferguson, Roger Button, John Fullmer, Bob Reichen, Dick Wingard, Bob Hall, Scott Edwards, Mark Burris, Eugene Wallace and Bob Tomeoni.
Mystery's M3 pickup model has everything you need to know about the principles of seduction. Seduction can actually be broken down like a scientific experiment. The M3 pickup model, like the scientific method, is a technique to fix a problem, and what bigger problem is there than how to seduce women? However, many guys may look at that and be like in high school chemistry: blank stares mixed with a little bit of fear and disgust. For those of you put off by the technical aspect of the M3 model, the following is the simplified version, the step by step pickup guide for dummies.
The simplified version of picking up women is basically broken down into 3 steps:
1) Approach
2) Attract
3) Connect
Boiling everything down to 3 steps makes it much easier to learn, memorize, and recognize what stage you are in so you can escalate accordingly. Basically, it works like this: first you approach the target and get in with an opener so the woman becomes receptive to what you have to say. Then you have to get the woman attracted to you, or at the very least, interested. After the woman is interested, you have to hook her and reel her in by establishing connection.
The Approach
Approaching a random woman is perhaps one of the most intimidating things you can do. There is no magic spell to get over this fear. Like any fear, you have to face it and then overcome it. The best way to overcome fear of approaching women and the consequent approach anxiety is to do it over and over and over until you get desensitized to it. Let's get this straight: you WILL crash and burn and get rejected many times in the beginning. If this prevents you from approaching women, you should give up now and become a monk. However, as you gain painful experience, rejection will get easier to handle, if not less painful, until the day comes when you hardly get rejected at all. Rules to follow when approaching women:
1) Follow the 3 second rule. Approach her within 3 seconds of spotting her.
2) Never open with a filler or apology like, "I'm sorry but," "Excuse me," "I couldn't help noticing," "I have to tell you," "If you're not too busy." These make you sound unconfident and like a beggar.
3) Never, ever give her a generic compliment, especially if she's pretty. You'll just be one of the many boring chumps that week that told her how pretty she is and give her more power.
4) Don't buy her a drink or flowers or whatever else to get her attention. You can't buy her interest. Buying her stuff serves to show her that you're so pathetic, you have to try and buy her interest.
5) Don't come off as too eager, desperate, or anxious. Women are experts in body language and what is more unattractive than a desperate guy eager to do anything to please her ?
The Attract
Once you have successfully approached a woman and she is actually ready and willing to listen to what you have to say, you only have an instant to sell yourself. Consider this stage as the "elevator pitch." You're in an elevator with Warren Buffet and you have until the duration of the elevator ride to pitch him your amazing business idea and get him interested in you. The attraction stage of picking up women is exactly like that. You have a couple minutes to sell yourself and gain her interest before she dismisses you as not having potential.
Women are attracted to your perceived value, and to gain her interest, your perceived value has to equal or surpass her own value. There are two ways to do this. You can either raise your value or you can lower her value. Raising your value is done through a pickup artist technique called demonstrate high value (DHV) and lowering her value is done through the pickup technique called negging.
1) DHV (Demonstrating High Value)
Demonstrating high value means that you are doing something or showing her that you are worthy of her attraction and interest and can provide her with something of value. She has to feel that you add value to her so is worth her time. This is done through pickup artist gimmicks, tricks, routines, or just exuding a sense of value like the rich, powerful guys naturally do.
2) Negging
Negging is a sort of playful antithesis to the compliment. The goal is to tease her playfully so that her value goes down a little bit. A neg should never come off as an insult but more of a tease to prompt a response from the woman. Beautiful women especially have such high value that unless you can pull off an extremely high value to meet hers, it is best to lower her value a little by negging her. Some effective negs are:
"You like shopping for clothes at Walmart, don't you ?"
"Isn't that purse last year's model?"
"I like your hairstyle, very 80's."
"You shouldn't be drinking any more, you're already not making sense."
"I know a very cheap gym you might like."
"You're like a little sister, cute but annoying."
The Connect
Making a connection is the longest and most enjoyable phase in a successful pick up. Once you've established mutual attraction and the hard part's over, it's just a matter of getting to know each other. You just talk, enjoy each others' company, and make emotional and physical connections. This is the stage where you also escalate your kino (physical contact). Making a connection is mostly done through having a deep conversation and establishing similar threads. You can talk about your vulnerabilities and childhood experiences here as well to really establish a deep connection.
You can read about and try out the gimmicks and routines to establish emotional connections with a woman, but nothing works better than having a genuine conversation and getting to know each other through the things you have in common. www.attractwomenreport.com/how-to-pick-up-girls-step-by-s...
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Epic Art & 45EPIC Gear exalting golden ratio designs for your Hero's Odyssey:
Swimsuit bikini model girls with the famous 45SURF surfboard dx4/dt=ic physics t-shirt! Support epic fine art! 45surf ! Bitcoin: 1FMBZJeeHVMu35uegrYUfEkHfPj5pe9WNz
Exalt the goddess archetype in the fine art of photography! My Epic Book: Photographing Women Models!
Portrait, Swimsuit, Lingerie, Boudoir, Fine Art, & Fashion Photography Exalting the Venus Goddess Archetype: How to Shoot Epic ...
Epic! Beautiful Surf Fine Art Portrait Swimsuit Bikini Models!
Follow me my good friends!
facebook.com/goldennumberratio
Some of my epic books, prints, & more!
Exalt your photography with Golden Ratio Compositions!
Golden Ratio Compositions & Secret Sacred Geometry for Photography, Fine Art, & Landscape Photographers: How to Exalt Art with Leonardo da Vinci's, Michelangelo's!
Epic Landscape Photography:
A Simple Guide to the Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography: Master Composition, Lenses, Camera Settings, Aperture, ISO, ... Hero's Odyssey Mythology Photography)
Enjoy my physics! dx4/dt=ic! Light Time Dimension Theory: The Foundational Physics Unifying Einstein's Relativity and Quantum Mechanics: A Simple, Illustrated Introduction to the Physical
Beautiful Surf Goddesses! Athletic Action Portraits of Swimsuit Bikini Models! Athena, Artemis, Helen, and Aphrodite!
New book! Epic Landscape Photography: The Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography!
www.facebook.com/epiclandscapephotography/
Join my new 45EPIC fine art landscapes page on facebook!
facebook.com/mcgucken
Working on a couple photography books! 45EPIC GODDESS PHOTOGRAPHY: A classic guide to exalting the archetypal woman. And 45EPIC Fine Art Landscape Photography!
More on my golden ratio musings: facebook.com/goldennumberratio
instagram.com/goldennumberratio
Greetings all! I have been busy finishing a few books on photography, while traveling all over--to Zion and the Sierras--shooting fall colors. Please see some here: facebook.com/mcgucken
Let me know in the comments if you would like a free review copy of one of my photography books! :)
Titles include:
The Tao of Epic Landscape Photography: Exalt Fine Art with the Yin-Yang Wisdom of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching!
The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Why the Fibonacci Numbers Exalt Beauty and How to Create PHI Compositions in Art, Design, & Photography
facebook.com/goldennumberratio
And I am also working on a book on photographing the goddesses! :) More goddesses soon!
Best wishes on your epic hero's odyssey!:)
I love voyaging forth into nature to contemplate poetry, physics, the golden ratio, and the Tao te Ching! What's your favorite epic poetry reflecting epic landscapes? I recently finished a book titled Epic Poetry for Epic Landscape Photographers:
www.facebook.com/Epic-Poetry-for-Epic-Landscape-Photograp...
Did you know that John Muir, Thoreau, and Emerson all loved epic poetry and poets including Shakespeare, Milton, Homer, and Robert Burns?
I recently finished my fourth book on Light Time Dimension Theory, much of which was inspired by an autumn trip to Zion!
www.facebook.com/lightimedimensiontheory/
Via its simple principle of a fourth expanding dimension, LTD Theory provides a unifying, foundational *physical* model underlying relativity, quantum mechanics, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, and the second law of thermodynamics. The detailed diagrams demonstrate that the great mysteries of quantum mechanical nonlocality, entanglement, and probability naturally arise from the very same principle that fosters relativity alongside light's constant velocity, the equivalence of mass and energy, and time dilation.
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High-level Event to launch the Principles for Responsible Banking
Remarks by the Secretary-General
Principles for Responsible banking, CEO’s signing agreement to do responsible banking
Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs) Annual Event
Scenes from the Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs) Annual Event, Business Partners for Gender Equality: Multipliers for Development at UN Headquarters on 15 March 2016.
Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown
Principles of design assignment, pattern/repitition. Subdominant principle: contrast. Cascade Diner, Canton. I don't think this requires a lot of explanation...I do think the cracks and imperfections in some of the shingles make the photo more interesting, though, and I loved the (also posted) photos of the hanging vines coming down over some parts of the wall. The Cascade breaks down into lots of great pics.
Pilates is a system of exercises that was developed in the 1920s by Joseph Pilates, who based it on his observations of dancers and gymnasts. It is known for its focus on breathing, flexibility, and strength.
These principles are what define Pilates as an effective form of exercise that can help you achieve your goals in life.
-Exercising with the mind and body in perfect unity and harmony
-Concentration
-Control
-Center
-Precision
-Flow
-Breath control (breathing as part of movement)
To know more details visit www.corepilates.in/
London Bunhill Fields Non Conformist Cemetery Tomb of Richard Price founder of life insurance principles born 1723 died 1791 moral philosopher and nonconformist preacher and his wife Sarah died 1786
Creative Exposure:
As we didn’t know a lot about camera exposure yet at the time I took this picture I didn’t adjust most of the settings. I had the camera mode on P as standard and an ISO of 1600 as I shot this picture inside the metal shop. I did zoom in though to focus the camera more on the wood spiral, make the background more blurry to prevent it from being distracting and hereby emphasised the wood spiral.
Elements and Principles of Design:
First of all I want to refer to the composition of the shot as I used the manual focus lock to get the wood spiral into a point of interest according to the rule of thirds. It is nice that at least part of the metal plate which the wood spiral is laying on is also in the area of interest and therefore crisp.
Obviously the curved lines of the wood spiral build a nice contrast to the rather straight lines that create the form of the metal block. Those give the picture a sense of stability, regularity and order while the curved lines add beauty, elegance and charm and make the whole image smoother. The curved lines of the wood spiral are also the leading line. As the angle on which I shot the metal block is rather unusual and it’s lines aren’t vertical and horizontal but diagonal which makes the whole composition more interesting by forcing the eye to follow the lines across the image. It’s form is enhanced by shadows which make its three different dimensions length, depth and width more obvious. The meeting point of their three lines is still on one line with the wood spiral and therefore in the area of interest and nice and crisp. The metal block probably once was a geometric box with sharp edges but the many years of usage smoothened them and added some cuts so I would now call a an organic form.
As the wood spiral is the only thing on the metal block there’s not a lot of variety in the picture, which would’ve made the image more interesting by keeping the eye moving around the piece a lot more, but would’ve taken the focus from the wood spiral. To prevent that, I shot a still life with an empty area surrounding my main object to create the feeling of space, which helps to put all the emphasis on it.
To add more contrast and take away unnecessary distractions in the background I experimented with the Clone Stamp Tool in Photoshop to eliminate all the other obvious colour spots except for the wooden spiral. But I still wanted to keep the some colour and not totally convert the background into black and white because when I tried that it looked very cold and cool, there was too much contrast and I missed especially the warmer yellow and orange colour touches on the metal. So instead I covered the two main bright spots in the background and then boosted up the saturation on the yellow of the wood spiral.
As the wood spiral and the metal block (for most parts) are crisp you can see the fine lines that make out the structure of the cropped wood and the smoothed out cuts and indentations on the metal block that make out their texture. It makes the image appealing to the sense of touch which helps to make the photograph look more realistic and enhances the three-dimensional feel.
Lighting:
As this picture is shot in the metal workshop the main source of light is unfortunately the top lighting, but a rather soft shadow of the wood spiral as well as the dark shadow on the facing side of the metal block also indicate some softer lighting from the back. Nevertheless I had my ISO on 1600 to lighten up the whole image a little bit.
Post Production:
Resizing
Unsharp mask to sharpen the edges a little bit and make the image more crisp
Use of curves to add contrast
Experimented in with the Clone Stamp Tool in Photoshop to eliminate other colour spots in the picture other than the wooden spiral
Boost up saturation of yellow
Critique:
After another month of photography lessons I know a lot more especially about the right lighting. If I was to redo the shot I would try to use diffused side lighting rather than harsher top lighting. Also I would try to eliminate the colour and form distractions in the background right on the set either by putting them to the side or by using my new gained knowledge about the AS camera mode, the opening of the lens and therefore blur the background even more. Hereby I could avoid using the Clone Tool which unfortunately put a slight foggy cover over the background and forced me to add a big black area at the top of the image which I dislike. Otherwise I’m more than satisfied with the composition of my shot and the focus lock. The important parts are crisp and I love how you can see the fine texture on the wood and get the smooth feel of the metal block as if you were actually touching it.
Photographic Styles:
Even though I don’t know a lot about photographic styles I would probably put this image into still life as it has a calming emotion and there is no action.
This photo was taken at the Art Museum. This layout could be Proportion. It was taken several years ago by me and was called Angles.
2001 China TCDC International Training Course on Bamboo Technology
DESCRIPTION:
Training Course
China National Bamboo Research Center
CHINA
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Mr. Ding Xingcui,
Mr. Wu Jintao cbrc@mail.hz.zj.cn
+86 571 8869217 or 8863888 ext. 8915
PRESS RELEASE:
Participants are required to master the basic theories and principles of cultivation processing and utilization of bamboo so as to enhance their awareness and capacity of integrated development of bamboo, and create a chance leading to further mutual fruitful exchange and cooperation.
Enrollment Information for Course Guangzhou - 10-May-2001
ENROLLMENT INFORMATION 2001
China TCDC International Training Course on Bamboo Technology
Totally, there are 1250 species of bamboo or more belonged to 150 genera with a bamboo forest area of 1700 million ha. in the world, among which, there are more than 500 species belonging to 39 genera with a bamboo forest area of 500 million ha. in China, or about 1/3 of the world total, therefore, China is reputed as a "Bamboo Kingdom". China not only is a big country of bamboo resources, but also has already accumulated so much experience in bamboo research, exploitation, production, and management, etc., as a result, has been in advanced position of the world in many aspects of bamboo, especially marked achievements have been scored in bamboo integrated processing and utilization. The total production value of bamboo sector in China in 1999 is over US$ 2.2 billion. Bamboo sector has been becoming a new sunrising industry.
China National Bamboo Research Center (CBRC) was established in 1988 in Hangzhou, a picturesque city in eastern China, which is located in one of the China's biggest bamboo grown centers, and well-known for its West Lake. CBRC has three missions as enshrined by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Administration of Forestry: (a) to undertake, organize and coordinate major international and domestic bamboo projects of research and exploitation; (b) to undertake international technical and economic exchange and cooperation and personnel training in bamboo; and (c) to be managed and operated by modality of share-holding and gradually grow into a locomotive and backbone enterprise of China's bamboo sector so as to enhance China bamboo industry as a whole.
In order to disseminate bamboo technology, CBRC has already held with success several training courses/workshops entrusted by United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the Ministry of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC), P.R. China, etc.
"2001 China TCDC International Training Course on Bamboo Technology" is the course sponsored by the Chinese Government. CBRC is entrusted by the MOFTEC to organize this training course. We should invite famous experts, professors all over the China, even an academician to give lectures.
1. Objectives
Participants are required to master the basic theories and principles of cultivation, processing and utilization of bamboo so as to enhance their awareness and capacity of integrated development of bamboo, and create a chance leading to further mutual fruitful exchange and cooperation.
2. Date and Duration
From May 8 to June 22, 2001.
3. Venue
China National Bamboo Research Center (CBRC) No. 138 Wenyi Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012 P.R. China
4. Main Course Contents
Present situation of bamboo resources, cultivation, processing, utilization in China and in the world; Bamboo sustainable development; Bamboo classification and introduction; Bamboo genetic pool set-up and maintenance; Bamboo biology and ecology, including individual and population growth and development; Bamboo propagation; Oriented cultivation of in-kind bamboo stands, such as for shoot, timber, both shoot and timber, coastal shelter, water and soil conservation, landscape, and pulp etc.; Bamboo landscaping; Bamboo pest control; Bamboo shoot production and processing; Production technologies of bamboo flooring and 10-plus bamboo artificial boards; Bamboo food, Bamboo integrated utilization (bamboo mats, bamboo charcoal, bamboo chemical utilization, etc); and Bamboo timber and shoot preservation; Bamboo social economy, etc.
5. Training Methods
Lectures, Field Practice, Demonstration, Seminar on Special Topics, Field Tours, Discussion and Report Presentation, Term Paper, etc.
6. Medium of Instruction
English
7. Source of Trainees
Technical, management and research personnel or officials in the field of forestry, bamboo, agriculture and others from developing countries.
8. Methods for Evaluation
The evaluation for the participants will be done on the basis of written tests, field practice, site study and comprehensive performance. Successful completion of the training program will lead to a diploma offered by CBRC. The allotment of marks will be as follows: a) Written tests 50% b) Comprehensive performance 50%
9. Participant's Qualifications and Requirements for Admission
Participants are requested: 1) To be nominated by his/her related government department; 2) To be less than 45 years old, better with a minimum educational background of college graduate, better with an agriculture, forestry and bamboo background and with a minimum of two years' practice in the relative profession; 3) To be in good health conditions with no infectious diseases and not handicapped. Physically fit to completing all course activities; 4) To be proficient in English reading, listening, speaking and writing; 5) To prepare a review paper or report on the bamboo (forestry) production or research of the participant's country and brief introduction of the participant's professional experiences for the purpose of experiences exchange; 6) Not to bring family members to the training course; and 7) To observe all the laws, rules and regulations of P. R. China and respect the Chinese customs during the training period.
10. Training Expenses
1) The expenses of training, boarding and lodging, local transportation, pocket money of RMB 30 Yuan per person per day during the training period in China will be borne by the Chinese Government and distributed by CBRC. 2) The International travel costs including round trip tickets, transit fares are to be covered by the participants themselves, or their respective Governments, or their employers or sponsored by some international organizations, like UNDP, ESCAP, FAO, etc. through proper application and consultations. 3) The expenses of medical care, insurance and domestic salaries for the participants are to be borne by the participants' governments.
11. Application and Admission
1) The applicants should be nominated by their respective Governments. The nominated participants are requested to fill up the Application Forms, which should be endorsed by the departments concerned of their respective Governments, and submit with valid Health Certificates provided by authorized physicians or hospitals to the Economic and Commercial Counselor's Office of the Chinese Embassy ( ECCOCE ) for examination, recommendation and endorsement; 2) After endorsed by the Economic and Commercial Counselor's Office of the Chinese Embassy, Admission Notices will be issued to the accepted participants by the ECCOCE through the related governmental departments of the participants. With the Admission Notices, the participants are requested to go through all necessary formalities for entering into China and bring all the documents like Admission Notices, Application Forms, Health Certificates to China for attending the Course on time.
12. Insurance
The training course organizer dose not hold any responsibility for such risks as loss of life, accidents, illness, loss of properties incurred by the participants during the training period.
13. Liaison Address
Attn: Mr. Ding Xingcui, Mr. Wu Jintao China National Bamboo Research Center No. 138, Wenyi Rd., Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang Province P.R. China Phone:+86 571 8869217 or 8863888 ext. 8915 Mobile: +86 13805791796 Fax: +86 571 8869217, 8860944
E-mail: cbrc@mail.hz.zj.cn
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Innisfree is a public garden of approximately 200 acres, blending Japanese, Chinese, Modern, and ecological design principles in Millbrook, a rural area roughly in the center of Dutchess County, New York. Innisfree’s distinctive sloping, rocky landscape, which forms the literal and visual foundation for the garden, is set within a natural bowl wrapping around the 40-acre Tyrrel Lake. This bowl, with no other signs of human intervention visible beyond the garden, creates a profound sense of intimacy and privacy at Innisfree that is one of its defining characteristics. A product of postwar ideas in American landscape architecture, Innisfree merges the essence of Modernist and Romantic ideas with traditional Chinese and Japanese garden design principles in a form that evolved through subtle, sculptural handling of the site and slow, science-based manipulation of its ecology. The result is a distinctly American stroll garden organized around placemaking techniques used in ancient Chinese villa gardens and described as “cup gardens.”
Innisfree, one of the largest intact modern designed landscapes in America, is the masterwork of Lester Collins (1914-1993), a seminal figure in American twentieth century landscape architecture. Lester Collins, fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects, was one of the most sought-after designers and influential educators of his generation. Innisfree’s design reflects the philosophies and practices that guided Collins’s approach throughout his career, integrates innovative, sometimes truly groundbreaking horticultural and environmental engineering practices, and embodies the distinctive characteristics of postwar Modernist landscape architecture.
Innisfree began as the private estate of Walter and Marion Beck, who started initial work on the garden during the early 1930s. Starting in 1938, they continued its development in collaboration with and under the direction of Lester Collins. In 1960, following the deaths of the Becks and pursuant to their wishes, Collins transformed Innisfree from a private estate garden into a substantially larger, more nuanced public garden. He ran the public
garden while continuing to gradually develop and transform the landscape until his death in 1993.
Innisfree demonstrates Collins’s focus on the experience of people in the landscape; his ability to respond adroitly to the particularities of site and program; his approach and aesthetics as a Modernist; his scholarly understanding of landscape history, particularly of Romantic, Chinese, and Japanese gardens; and his innovative use of scientific and engineering principles to develop an environmentally and economically sustainable landscape. Innisfree has long been a mecca for designers from all over the world and it is now attracting similar attention from the global horticultural
community.
The primary features of Innisfree’s design are its principal cup gardens (loosely understood as garden rooms), Tyrrel Lake, and the Lake Path. Collins used the unifying features of the lake and lake path to integrate the many cup gardens into one dynamic experience in the natural landscape. The cup gardens vary in form, scale, and materials. One is an organically shaped meadow bisected by a wildly meandering stream and dotted with sculptural rocks and specimen trees. Another is a bog garden that has been carefully but lightly managed so that a new plant community emerged to play a particular aesthetic role. One more still is an elaborate complex of rock terraces stepping down a slope, each with its own vocabulary of design, materials, and mood.
Throughout the garden, there are themes and motifs that recur in varied forms. There is a dynamic tension between what appears to be natural and what appears to be cultivated. At a macro scale, this is evidenced by the entirety of the garden itself emerging from apparent wooded wilderness. Undulating, almost surreal natural topography is echoed in the rounded forms of clipped trees and constructed berms. Tall, straight pine trunks are mirrored in a 60’ high fountain jet. Naturalistic bogs are discreetly cultivated while areas that look like traditional planted beds are allowed to evolve and change like native plant communities.
While there are some exceptional horticultural specimens at Innisfree, the vast majority of the plants are native or naturalized. Instead of labor-intensive maintenance to strictly adhere to a fixed planting plan, plants are encouraged to find locations where they thrive just as they do in the wild and then gently edited for aesthetics. Sometimes this is achieved simply by allowing plants to self-sow; sometimes by sowing seed or moving plants in from elsewhere on site to increase a successful population; sometimes by limited hybridization to develop strains that are more ideally suited to specific local conditions. As a result, the overall plantings at Innisfree have an unstudied visual character punctuated by a handful of carefully placed, carefully sculpted trees.
There is also a deliberate choreographing of human perceptual experiences throughout Innisfree. Collins paid particular attention to these ideas. Scale ranges from massive to intimate. Spaces are open and bright, or tight and shadowy. Surfaces vary in material, texture, slope, and sound. Water changes form, scale, and sound. Design and planting details are dense or spare.
Another important motif at Innisfree is sculptural landforms. Collins began to clear trees to reveal the undulating glacial landforms. Collins felt that “land shapes, both natural and man-made…separate but also knit together sequences of cup gardens. Just like the sculptural rocks, these land forms are permanent design features in the garden, for they do not grow and their health is not subject to vagaries.” In the 1970s and early 1980s, Collins created dramatic berms in the garden to echo and emphasize the natural landforms.
In the nearly 70 years since Innisfree opened to the public, the garden has delighted and captured the imagination of experts and non-experts alike. Garden lovers, landscape writers and critics have sought to capture the unique aesthetic qualities and unusual design sophistication of Innisfree in various descriptive terms.
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The Tao of Epic Landscape Photography: Exalt Fine Art with the Yin-Yang Wisdom of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching!
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Ipê Amarelo, Tabebuia [chrysotricha or ochracea].
Ipê-amarelo em Brasília (UnB), Brasil.
This tree is in Brasília, Capital of Brazil.
Text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Trumpet tree" redirects here. This term is occasionally used for the Shield-leaved Pumpwood (Cecropia peltata).
Tabebuia
Flowering Araguaney or ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia chrysantha) in central Brazil
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Bignoniaceae
Tribe: Tecomeae
Genus: Tabebuia
Gomez
Species
Nearly 100.
Tabebuia is a neotropical genus of about 100 species in the tribe Tecomeae of the family Bignoniaceae. The species range from northern Mexico and the Antilles south to northern Argentina and central Venezuela, including the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) and Cuba. Well-known common names include Ipê, Poui, trumpet trees and pau d'arco.
They are large shrubs and trees growing to 5 to 50 m (16 to 160 ft.) tall depending on the species; many species are dry-season deciduous but some are evergreen. The leaves are opposite pairs, complex or palmately compound with 3–7 leaflets.
Tabebuia is a notable flowering tree. The flowers are 3 to 11 cm (1 to 4 in.) wide and are produced in dense clusters. They present a cupular calyx campanulate to tubular, truncate, bilabiate or 5-lobed. Corolla colors vary between species ranging from white, light pink, yellow, lavender, magenta, or red. The outside texture of the flower tube is either glabrous or pubescentThe fruit is a dehiscent pod, 10 to 50 cm (4 to 20 in.) long, containing numerous—in some species winged—seeds. These pods often remain on the tree through dry season until the beginning of the rainy.
Species in this genus are important as timber trees. The wood is used for furniture, decking, and other outdoor uses. It is increasingly popular as a decking material due to its insect resistance and durability. By 2007, FSC-certified ipê wood had become readily available on the market, although certificates are occasionally forged.
Tabebuia is widely used as ornamental tree in the tropics in landscaping gardens, public squares, and boulevards due to its impressive and colorful flowering. Many flowers appear on still leafless stems at the end of the dry season, making the floral display more conspicuous. They are useful as honey plants for bees, and are popular with certain hummingbirds. Naturalist Madhaviah Krishnan on the other hand once famously took offense at ipé grown in India, where it is not native.
Lapacho teaThe bark of several species has medical properties. The bark is dried, shredded, and then boiled making a bitter or sour-tasting brownish-colored tea. Tea from the inner bark of Pink Ipê (T. impetiginosa) is known as Lapacho or Taheebo. Its main active principles are lapachol, quercetin, and other flavonoids. It is also available in pill form. The herbal remedy is typically used during flu and cold season and for easing smoker's cough. It apparently works as expectorant, by promoting the lungs to cough up and free deeply embedded mucus and contaminants. However, lapachol is rather toxic and therefore a more topical use e.g. as antibiotic or pesticide may be advisable. Other species with significant folk medical use are T. alba and Yellow Lapacho (T. serratifolia)
Tabebuia heteropoda, T. incana, and other species are occasionally used as an additive to the entheogenic drink Ayahuasca.
Mycosphaerella tabebuiae, a plant pathogenic sac fungus, was first discovered on an ipê tree.
Tabebuia alba
Tabebuia anafensis
Tabebuia arimaoensis
Tabebuia aurea – Caribbean Trumpet Tree
Tabebuia bilbergii
Tabebuia bibracteolata
Tabebuia cassinoides
Tabebuia chrysantha – Araguaney, Yellow Ipê, tajibo (Bolivia), ipê-amarelo (Brazil), cañaguate (N Colombia)
Tabebuia chrysotricha – Golden Trumpet Tree
Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose – Gold Tree, "Prima Vera", Cortez blanco (El Salvador), San Juan (Honduras), palo blanco (Guatemala),duranga (Mexico)
A native of Mexico and Central Americas, considered one of the most colorful of all Central American trees. The leaves are deciduous. Masses of golden-yellow flowers cover the crown after the leaves are shed.
Tabebuia dubia
Tabebuia ecuadorensis
Tabebuia elongata
Tabebuia furfuracea
Tabebuia geminiflora Rizz. & Mattos
Tabebuia guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl.
Tabebuia haemantha
Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo – tajy
Tabebuia heterophylla – roble prieto
Tabebuia heteropoda
Tabebuia hypoleuca
Tabebuia impetiginosa – Pink Ipê, Pink Lapacho, ipê-cavatã, ipê-comum, ipê-reto, ipê-rosa, ipê-roxo-damata, pau d'arco-roxo, peúva, piúva (Brazil), lapacho negro (Spanish); not "brazilwood"
Tabebuia incana
Tabebuia jackiana
Tabebuia lapacho – lapacho amarillo
Tabebuia orinocensis A.H. Gentry[verification needed]
Tabebuia ochracea
Tabebuia oligolepis
Tabebuia pallida – Cuban Pink Trumpet Tree
Tabebuia platyantha
Tabebuia polymorpha
Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.[verification needed] (= T. pentaphylla (L.) Hemsley) – Pink Poui, Pink Tecoma, apama, apamate, matilisguate
A popular street tree in tropical cities because of its multi-annular masses of light pink to purple flowers and modest size. The roots are not especially destructive for roads and sidewalks. It is the national tree of El Salvador and the state tree of Cojedes, Venezuela
Tabebuia roseo-alba – White Ipê, ipê-branco (Brazil), lapacho blanco
Tabebuia serratifolia – Yellow Lapacho, Yellow Poui, ipê-roxo (Brazil)
Tabebuia shaferi
Tabebuia striata
Tabebuia subtilis Sprague & Sandwith
Tabebuia umbellata
Tabebuia vellosoi Toledo
Ipê-do-cerrado
Texto, em português, da Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
Ipê-do-cerrado
Classificação científica
Reino: Plantae
Divisão: Magnoliophyta
Classe: Magnoliopsida
Subclasse: Asteridae
Ordem: Lamiales
Família: Bignoniaceae
Género: Tabebuia
Espécie: T. ochracea
Nome binomial
Tabebuia ochracea
(Cham.) Standl. 1832
Sinónimos
Bignonia tomentosa Pav. ex DC.
Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos
Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G. Nicholson
Tabebuia hypodictyon A. DC.) Standl.
Tabebuia neochrysantha A.H. Gentry
Tabebuia ochracea subsp. heteropoda (A. DC.) A.H. Gentry
Tabebuia ochracea subsp. neochrysantha (A.H. Gentry) A.H. Gentry
Tecoma campinae Kraenzl.
ecoma grandiceps Kraenzl.
Tecoma hassleri Sprague
Tecoma hemmendorffiana Kraenzl.
Tecoma heteropoda A. DC.
Tecoma hypodictyon A. DC.
Tecoma ochracea Cham.
Ipê-do-cerrado é um dos nomes populares da Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl. 1832, nativa do cerrado brasileiro, no estados de Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Paraná.
Está na lista de espécies ameaçadas do estado de São Paulo, onde é encontrda também no domínio da Mata Atlântica[1].
Ocorre também na Argentina, Paraguai, Bolívia, Equador, Peru, Venezuela, Guiana, El Salvador, Guatemala e Panamá[2].
Há uma espécie homônima descrita por A.H. Gentry em 1992.
Outros nomes populares: ipê-amarelo, ipê-cascudo, ipê-do-campo, ipê-pardo, pau-d'arco-do-campo, piúva, tarumã.
Características
Altura de 6 a 14 m. Tronco tortuso com até 50 cm de diâmetro. Folhas pilosas em ambas as faces, mais na inferior, que é mais clara.
Planta decídua, heliófita, xerófita, nativa do cerrado em solos bem drenados.
Floresce de julho a setembro. Os frutos amadurecem de setembro a outubro.
FloresProduz grande quantidade de sementes leves, aladas com pequenas reservas, e que perdem a viabilidade em menos de 90 dias após coleta. A sua conservação vem sendo estudada em termos de determinação da condição ideal de armazenamento, e tem demonstrado a importância de se conhecer o comportamento da espécie quando armazenada com diferentes teores de umidade inicial, e a umidade de equilíbrio crítica para a espécie (KANO; MÁRQUEZ & KAGEYAMA, 1978). As levíssimas sementes aladas da espécie não necessitam de quebra de dormência. Podem apenas ser expostas ao sol por cerca de 6 horas e semeadas diretamente nos saquinhos. A germinação ocorre após 30 dias e de 80%. As sementes são ortodoxas e há aproximadamente 72 000 sementes em cada quilo.
O desenvolvimento da planta é rápido.
Como outros ipês, a madeira é usada em tacos, assoalhos, e em dormentes e postes. Presta-se também para peças torneadas e instrumento musicais.
Tabebuia alba (Ipê-Amarelo)
Texto, em português, produzido pela Acadêmica Giovana Beatriz Theodoro Marto
Supervisão e orientação do Prof. Luiz Ernesto George Barrichelo e do Eng. Paulo Henrique Müller
Atualizado em 10/07/2006
O ipê amarelo é a árvore brasileira mais conhecida, a mais cultivada e, sem dúvida nenhuma, a mais bela. É na verdade um complexo de nove ou dez espécies com características mais ou menos semelhantes, com flores brancas, amarelas ou roxas. Não há região do país onde não exista pelo menos uma espécie dele, porém a existência do ipê em habitat natural nos dias atuais é rara entre a maioria das espécies (LORENZI,2000).
A espécie Tabebuia alba, nativa do Brasil, é uma das espécies do gênero Tabebuia que possui “Ipê Amarelo” como nome popular. O nome alba provém de albus (branco em latim) e é devido ao tomento branco dos ramos e folhas novas.
As árvores desta espécie proporcionam um belo espetáculo com sua bela floração na arborização de ruas em algumas cidades brasileiras. São lindas árvores que embelezam e promovem um colorido no final do inverno. Existe uma crença popular de que quando o ipê-amarelo floresce não vão ocorrer mais geadas. Infelizmente, a espécie é considerada vulnerável quanto à ameaça de extinção.
A Tabebuia alba, natural do semi-árido alagoano está adaptada a todas as regiões fisiográficas, levando o governo, por meio do Decreto nº 6239, a transformar a espécie como a árvore símbolo do estado, estando, pois sob a sua tutela, não mais podendo ser suprimida de seus habitats naturais.
Taxonomia
Família: Bignoniaceae
Espécie: Tabebuia Alba (Chamiso) Sandwith
Sinonímia botânica: Handroanthus albus (Chamiso) Mattos; Tecoma alba Chamisso
Outros nomes vulgares: ipê-amarelo, ipê, aipê, ipê-branco, ipê-mamono, ipê-mandioca, ipê-ouro, ipê-pardo, ipê-vacariano, ipê-tabaco, ipê-do-cerrado, ipê-dourado, ipê-da-serra, ipezeiro, pau-d’arco-amarelo, taipoca.
Aspectos Ecológicos
O ipê-amarelo é uma espécie heliófita (Planta adaptada ao crescimento em ambiente aberto ou exposto à luz direta) e decídua (que perde as folhas em determinada época do ano). Pertence ao grupo das espécies secundárias iniciais (DURIGAN & NOGUEIRA, 1990).
Abrange a Floresta Pluvial da Mata Atlântica e da Floresta Latifoliada Semidecídua, ocorrendo principalmente no interior da Floresta Primária Densa. É característica de sub-bosques dos pinhais, onde há regeneração regular.
Informações Botânicas
Morfologia
As árvores de Tabebuia alba possuem cerca de 30 metros de altura. O tronco é reto ou levemente tortuoso, com fuste de 5 a 8 m de altura. A casca externa é grisáceo-grossa, possuindo fissuras longitudinais esparas e profundas. A coloração desta é cinza-rosa intenso, com camadas fibrosas, muito resistentes e finas, porém bem distintas.
Com ramos grossos, tortuosos e compridos, o ipê-amarelo possui copa alongada e alargada na base. As raízes de sustentação e absorção são vigorosas e profundas.
As folhas, deciduais, são opostas, digitadas e compostas. A face superior destas folhas é verde-escura, e, a face inferior, acinzentada, sendo ambas as faces tomentosas. Os pecíolos das folhas medem de 2,5 a 10 cm de comprimento. Os folíolos, geralmente, apresentam-se em número de 5 a 7, possuindo de 7 a 18 cm de comprimento por 2 a 6 cm de largura. Quando jovem estes folíolos são densamente pilosos em ambas as faces. O ápice destes é pontiagudo, com base arredondada e margem serreada.
As flores, grandes e lanceoladas, são de coloração amarelo-ouro. Possuem em média 8X15 cm.
Quanto aos frutos, estes possuem forma de cápsula bivalvar e são secos e deiscentes. Do tipo síliqua, lembram uma vagem. Medem de 15 a 30 cm de comprimento por 1,5 a 2,5 cm de largura. As valvas são finamente tomentosas com pêlos ramificados. Possuem grande quantidade de sementes.
As sementes são membranáceas brilhantes e esbranquiçadas, de coloração marrom. Possuem de 2 a 3 cm de comprimento por 7 a 9 mm de largura e são aladas.
Reprodução
A espécie é caducifólia e a queda das folhas coincide com o período de floração. A floração inicia-se no final de agosto, podendo ocorrer alguma variação devido a fenômenos climáticos. Como a espécie floresce no final do inverno é influenciada pela intensidade do mesmo. Quanto mais frio e seco for o inverno, maior será a intensidade da florada do ipê amarelo.
As flores por sua exuberância, atraem abelhas e pássaros, principalmente beija-flores que são importantes agentes polinizadores. Segundo CARVALHO (2003), a espécie possui como vetor de polinização a abelha mamangava (Bombus morio).
As sementes são dispersas pelo vento.
A planta é hermafrodita, e frutifica nos meses de setembro, outubro, novembro, dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro, dependendo da sua localização. Em cultivo, a espécie inicia o processo reprodutivo após o terceiro ano.
Ocorrência Natural
Ocorre naturalmente na Floresta Estaciobal Semidecicual, Floresta de Araucária e no Cerrado.
Segundo o IBGE, a Tabebuia alba (Cham.) Sandw. é uma árvore do Cerrado, Cerradão e Mata Seca. Apresentando-se nos campos secos (savana gramíneo-lenhosa), próximo às escarpas.
Clima
Segundo a classificação de Köppen, o ipê-amarelo abrange locais de clima tropical (Aw), subtropical úmido (Cfa), sutropical de altitude (Cwa e Cwb) e temperado.
A T.alba pode tolerar até 81 geadas em um ano. Ocorre em locais onde a temperatura média anual varia de 14,4ºC como mínimo e 22,4ºC como máximo.
Solo
A espécie prefere solos úmidos, com drenagem lenta e geralmente não muito ondulados (LONGHI, 1995).
Aparece em terras de boa à média fertilidade, em solos profundos ou rasos, nas matas e raramente cerradões (NOGUEIRA, 1977).
Pragas e Doenças
De acordo com CARVALHO (2003), possui como praga a espécie de coleópteros Cydianerus bohemani da família Curculionoideae e um outro coleóptero da família Chrysomellidae. Apesar da constatação de elevados índices populacionais do primeiro, os danos ocasionados até o momento são leves. Nas praças e ruas de Curitiba - PR, 31% das árvores foram atacadas pela Cochonilha Ceroplastes grandis.
ZIDKO (2002), ao estudar no município de Piracicaba a associação de coleópteros em espécies arbóreas, verificou a presença de insetos adultos da espécie Sitophilus linearis da família de coleópteros, Curculionidae, em estruturas reprodutivas. Os insetos adultos da espécie emergiram das vagens do ipê, danificando as sementes desta espécie nativa.
ANDRADE (1928) assinalou diversas espécies de Cerambycidae atacando essências florestais vivas, como ingazeiro, cinamomo, cangerana, cedro, caixeta, jacarandá, araribá, jatobá, entre outras como o ipê amarelo.
A Madeira
A Tabebuia alba produz madeira de grande durabilidade e resistência ao apodrecimento (LONGHI,1995).
MANIERI (1970) caracteriza o cerne desta espécie como de cor pardo-havana-claro, pardo-havan-escuro, ou pardo-acastanhado, com reflexos esverdeados. A superfície da madeira é irregularmente lustrosa, lisa ao tato, possuindo textura media e grã-direita.
Com densidade entre 0,90 e 1,15 grama por centímetro cúbico, a madeira é muito dura (LORENZI, 1992), apresentando grande dificuldade ao serrar.
A madeira possui cheiro e gosto distintos. Segundo LORENZI (1992), o cheiro característico é devido à presença da substância lapachol, ou ipeína.
Usos da Madeira
Sendo pesada, com cerne escuro, adquire grande valor comercial na marcenaria e carpintaria. Também é utilizada para fabricação de dormentes, moirões, pontes, postes, eixos de roda, varais de carroça, moendas de cana, etc.
Produtos Não-Madeireiros
A entrecasca do ipê-amarelo possui propriedades terapêuticas como adstringente, usada no tratamento de garganta e estomatites. É também usada como diurético.
O ipê-amarelo possui flores melíferas e que maduras podem ser utilizadas na alimentação humana.
Outros Usos
É comumente utilizada em paisagismo de parques e jardins pela beleza e porte. Além disso, é muito utilizada na arborização urbana.
Segundo MOREIRA & SOUZA (1987), o ipê-amarelo costuma povoar as beiras dos rios sendo, portanto, indicado para recomposição de matas ciliares. MARTINS (1986), também cita a espécie para recomposição de matas ciliares da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, abrangendo alguns municípios das regiões Norte, Noroeste e parte do Oeste do Estado do Paraná.
Aspectos Silviculturais
Possui a tendência a crescer reto e sem bifurcações quando plantado em reflorestamento misto, pois é espécie monopodial. A desrrama se faz muito bem e a cicatrização é boa. Sendo assim, dificilmente encopa quando nova, a não ser que seja plantado em parques e jardins.
Ao ser utilizada em arborização urbana, o ipê amarelo requer podas de condução com freqüência mediana.
Espécie heliófila apresenta a pleno sol ramificação cimosa, registrando-se assim dicotomia para gema apical. Deve ser preconizada, para seu melhor aproveitamento madeireiro, podas de formação usuais (INQUE et al., 1983).
Produção de Mudas
A propagação deve realizada através de enxertia.
Os frutos devem ser coletados antes da dispersão, para evitar a perda de sementes. Após a coleta as sementes são postas em ambiente ventilado e a extração é feita manualmente. As sementes do ipê amarelo são ortodoxas, mantendo a viabilidade natural por até 3 meses em sala e por até 9 meses em vidro fechado, em câmara fria.
A condução das mudas deve ser feita a pleno sol. A muda atinge cerca de 30 cm em 9 meses, apresentando tolerância ao sol 3 semanas após a germinação.
Sementes
Os ipês, espécies do gênero Tabebuia, produzem uma grande quantidade de sementes leves, aladas com pequenas reservas, e que perdem a viabilidade em poucos dias após a sua coleta. A sua conservação vem sendo estudada em termos de determinação da condição ideal de armazenamento, e tem demonstrado a importância de se conhecer o comportamento da espécie quando armazenada com diferentes teores de umidade inicial, e a umidade de equilíbrio crítica para a espécie (KANO; MÁRQUEZ & KAGEYAMA, 1978).
As levíssimas sementes aladas da espécie não necessitam de quebra de dormência. Podem apenas ser expostas ao sol por cerca de 6 horas e semeadas diretamente nos saquinhos. A quebra natural leva cerca de 3 meses e a quebra na câmara leva 9 meses. A germinação ocorre após 30 dias e de 80%.
As sementes são ortodoxas e há aproximadamente 87000 sementes em cada quilo.
Preço da Madeira no Mercado
O preço médio do metro cúbico de pranchas de ipê no Estado do Pará cotado em Julho e Agosto de 2005 foi de R$1.200,00 o preço mínimo, R$ 1509,35 o médio e R$ 2.000,00 o preço máximo (CEPEA,2005).
The human brain is wired to recognize faces quickly. This design has the audience focus on Mickey's face first, utilizing this neurological setting and compounding it by having smooth textures on his face in contrast with the lined and geometric patterns of the background. We follow the form of his anatomy to either the raised sleeve segueing into the castle silhouette via the black shading, or up the arm to the gloved hand, whose finger is at the epicenter of the pinwheel rays. From there the eye is drawn to the text at the top.
This poster was part of a 2013 calendar collection from the Disneyland Resort. Photograph by me.
Custom eBook Template designed for Trey Ratcliff of stuckincustoms.com for his eBook site www.flatbooks.com/. The full ebook can be downloaded for free by signing up for the Flatbooks newsletter or be purchased on the site for $4.99.
This is just one of more than ten custom pages designed and made into an editable Pages template for Trey.
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BOOK TITLE : Principles of Environmental Science Inquiry & Applications
AUTHOR : Mary Ann Cunningham, William P. Cunningham
EDITION : 5th
Our ISBN 10 : 0071284486
Our ISBN 13 : 9780071284486
ADDITIONAL : N/A
PUBLISHER : McGRAW HILL
FORMAT : Paperback / Softcover
BOOK QUALITY : Printed on High Quality Glossy Acid Free Paper
CONDITION : Brand New
0073383198
9780073383194
The Hartford
Once home to military personnel and their families, Garrison Crossing is an award winning, full-service community located in south Chilliwack. This 153-acre site, featuring over 1,700 units, is modeled on the principles of "new urbanism" and offers a number of different housing types to suit a variety of income levels and lifestyles. Trees, natural features and exceptional homes make Garrison Crossing one of the best neighbourhoods in Canada.
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