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Looking north from Mori Point at Pacifica and South San Franciscso.

Blyth pier bizzarely points to St Marys Lighthouse which if you look very close is centre stage on the horizon...

deliberately kept minimal and dark for shape and form emphasis

Crossing over to access platform 7 and the chord, 56091 Driver Wayne Gaskell The Godfather leads 6Z89 Middleton Towers to Ravenhead Sidings.

Longridge kept hold of their 10 point lead at the top of the West Lancs Premier with a 3-1 win away to Euxton Villa. Goals from Carsley, Randell and Bowen took the points with a late consolation penalty from Galliers. The mist came in mid-way through the 2nd with visability limited.

Images from my photostream.

1. Infinibus, 2. Under the L, 3. Mill Colonnade, 4. Vanishing deck, 5. fbvp, 6. Tube, 7. Fancy car, 8. Loo lane, 9. fbvp, 10. Tunnel, 11. Skytrain, 12. Terminal, 13. fbvp, 14. Construction protection, 15. Light, 16. Thistle, 17. DSC07383, 18. Hallway, 19. Airport train, 20. Descending, 21. Arezzo, 22. Terminal arcs, 23. Hallway, 24. Airport walk, 25. Time to go, 26. Airport infinity, 27. Elevators, 28. Stadium Station, 29. Bikes, 30. O'Hare passage, 31. Terminal infinity, 32. Track, 33. Cap Bridge, 34. Stairs, 35. Funicular tracks, 36. Ships

Created with fd's Flickr Toys

Some collieries were easy to access particularly so I found in South Wales. It also on occasions helped to have contacts. Bold Colliery was harder to get into, the formal front-door approach having been met with a definite No!

There was a footbridge which crossed the mainline which gave access for the workers who lived on the local estate and once in contact with the non-administerative staff they were very welcoming. In this photo the enthusiast on the left had however found another route which was via the entrance from the mainline which was closed so had to crawl under the gap underneath. Access to the entrance must also have been fun as he arrived covered in RoseBay Willowherb and other sundry vegetation. So not the best photo but it allows me to tell the story.

Austerity Hunslet 3163/44 0-6-0ST Joseph is seen bringing another rake of empty MGR's from the mainline connection at Bold Colliery in July 1983.

© Imara Ungaretti

seen in Paris

An illustration of a basketball going through the hoop for points during a sports game.

Want to use one of our images on your own site? That's great! We do ask that you please give credit for the image by including a link to www.franchiseopportunities.com/

The Manhattan Beach Pier is a pier located in Manhattan Beach, California, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The pier is 928 feet (283 m) long and located at the end of Manhattan Beach Boulevard.[4] An octagonal Mediterranean-style building sits at the end of the pier and houses the Roundhouse Marine Studies Lab & Aquarium. Surfers can be seen below the pier and sometimes weave in and out of the mussel-covered pilings. The pier is popular with locals, tourists, photographers, and artists and for fishing. It offers sunsets and vantage points from the shore and hillside.

History

Pre-history

In 1897, the Potencia Company was incorporated to develop land in the area and proposed a seaside resort with wharves and piers.[1] The area was named Potencia, but the city of Manhattan was incorporated in 1912 with the word "Beach" being added in 1927.[1] The name was chosen by land developer John Merrill[disambiguation needed], a native of New York.[1]

A pier is believed to have been one of the first features built when the Manhattan Beach community was developed.[5] Two wooden piers were built in 1901, one at Center Street (later renamed Manhattan Beach Boulevard[6]) and one at Marine Avenue called Peck's Pier and Pavilion.[2]

The Center Street Pier was 900 feet (270 m) long and pylons were made by fastening three railroad rails together and driving them into the ocean floor.[5] It supported a narrow wooden deck and wave motor to generate power for the Strand lighting system, but sources disagree about whether the system worked.[1][2][5] Part of the wave motor may still be buried in the sands at the shore end of the present pier.[2] This "old iron pier", as it was called, was destroyed by a major storm in 1913.[5]

Current pier

The pier from Manhattan Beach Boulevard

Lack of money, lawsuits, storms, World War I and debates about when and where to build another pier delayed Manhattan Beach from having a pier completed until 1920.[1][5] Engineer A.L. Harris developed the concept of the circular end for less exposure and damage to the pilings by the waves.[1] The pier was completed and dedicated on July 5, 1920.[1][2] The next version built was a cement pier with a rounded end and it was 928 feet (283 m) long.[5] Octagonal house that now holds a lunch restaurant was completed in 1922.[5] In 1928, a 200-foot (61 m) wooden extension was added but it was destroyed in a storm in 1940.[5] In 1991 the pier was restored to its 1920s appearance with a dedication ceremony in 1992.[5]

In 1928 the pier was extended out 200 feet (at no cost to the city) when a Captain Larsen of Redondo Beach offered to pay for an extension in exchange for the rights to run a shoreboat between the pier and his barge Georgina.[1] On January 9, 1940, 90 feet (27 m) of the extension were ripped away during a winter storm. The extension was never repaired and the remaining section was swept away in February 1941.[1]

In 1946 the pier and adjoining beach were deeded over from the city of Manhattan Beach to the state.[1] During the next four decades the pier would remain a focus of beachfront activity, but Mother Nature and old age took their toll and by the 1980s the pier was in sad shape and in need of renovation.[1]

Restoration took place in the early 1990s with a focus on retention of the old time appearance, much like Pier 7 in San Francisco.[1] The original pier had to be fixed as old age and decay required extensive repair, and in fact made it unsafe by the late 1980s (when a jogger was injured by falling concrete).[1]

In 1995, the pier was declared a state historic landmark.[3][7] It is the oldest standing concrete pier on the West Coast.[7][8] It is managed by the County of Los Angeles, Department of Beaches and Harbors.[1] Correction: The Pier is managed by the City of Manhattan Beach Public Works

Attractions

Roundhouse Marine Studies Lab & Aquarium

The Roundhouse Marine Studies Lab and Aquarium is located at the end of the pier, and is free to the public. The Aquarium includes a shark tank, tide pool touch tank with animals common to Southern California, tanks with lobsters, and baby sharks as well as brightly colored, non-native fish and invertebrates.[2] The aquarium is open Saturdays & Sundays 10 a.m. to sunset and Monday through Friday 3 p.m. to sunset and group and education tours offered.[2]

The octagonal building includes a Spanish tile roof and large gooseneck reflectors to improve lighting.[1]

Fishing

According to Pierfishing.com the sandy beach area yields the normal surf species; barred surfperch, croakers, small rays and guitarfish (shovelnose shark). The pier is especially known for its magnificent barred surfperch fishing. At times, anglers catch hundreds of them within an hour of time, using mainly small jigs and sandcrabs. The area around the pilings yield pileperch, walleye surfperch, silver surfperch, and other common pier species. Mid-pier, casting away from the pier, yields small tom cod (white croaker) and herring (queenfish), jacksmelt, yellowfin croaker and an occasional halibut. Action at the end of the pier is improved by the surrounding artificial reef which is located about 65 feet (20 m) from the end. Fish at the deepest water end include bonito, Pacific mackerel, jack mackerel, barracuda, an occasional white seabass or even yellowtail, and reef visitors like kelp bass, sand bass and sculpin (scorpionfish).[1] The resident species in Santa Monica Bay may be dangerous to eat, but those that migrate in and out of the bay are considered safe to eat.[1] A variety of baits are utilized.

Surfing

The pier played a significant role in the history of surfing. The pier was a popular spot for Southern California surfers in the 1940s, the early days of modern surfing. Dale Velzy, the first commercial surfboard shaper, started his business building and repairing boards under the pier before renting a nearby storefront in 1949, starting what is considered the first surf shop.[9]

In film

It is used in

Point Break (1991) - Keanu Reeves buys his surfboard from a shop located on the pier.

Starsky & Hutch (2004) - Starsky (Ben Stiller), can be seen stretching under the pier.

Tequila Sunrise (1988) - Mel Gibson's character lives on the beach near the pier.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Beach_Pier

Contax T2, Agfa APX 100, Caffenol C-L

Photo taken for Our Daily Challenge: Get to the Point

Andrew Peasgood and Constance Devernay from the dress rehearsal of 'The Fairy's Kiss', which is one half of 'Stravinsky' by Scottish Ballet in 2017.

You can see more pics in my The Fairy's Kiss set.

'Every man has to learn the points of compass again as often as he awakes, whether from sleep or any abstraction. Not till we are lost, in other words, not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.'

Henry D. Thoreau. Walden

Extraits de la vidéo.

Une caméra virtuelle gravite autour d'un nuage de points du Plateau-Mont-Royal qui se transforme selon conditions environnementales enregistrées entre les premiers septembre 2012 et 2013. Réalisé dans le cadre de l’exposition "Vies de Plateau" présentée à Pointe-à-Callière, Musée d’archéologie et d’histoire de Montréal.

Still frames from the video.

A virtual camera gravitates around a point cloud of Plateau Mont-Royal which translates environmental conditions recorded between September 1st 2012 and 2013. Part of the exhibition "Lives and Times of the Plateau", presented at Pointe-à-Callière, Montréal Museum of Archaeology and History.

Large, 45 mm high, long-dead, eroded specimen with imbricate (flounced) growth lines surviving in grooves between spiral cords; magnified X4 in inset.

Cast up from offshore onto storm beach strandline, Kirkcudbright, S.W. Scotland, July 1968.

Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION BELOW

PDF avaialable at www.researchgate.net/publication/369537725_Ocenebra_erina...

Sets of OTHER SPECIES at: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/

Ocenebra erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758).

Synonyms: Murex erinaceus Linnaeus, 1758; Ocenebra erinacea [misspelling in Graham, 1988]; 45 unaccepted subspecies and varieties listed on WoRMS.

Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)

www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140405

Vernacular: European sting winkle, European oyster drill (English); Gwichiad coliog (Welsh); Stekelhoren, Geschubde stekelhoren (Dutch); Großes Seekälbchen, Gerippte Purpurschnecke, Gerippte Felsschnecke, Austernbohrer (German); Cormaillot (French); Ψευτόστρομπος (Greek).

GLOSSARY below.

Shell description.

The matt, opaque, solid shell grows sublittorally to 50 mm high and 25 mm wide (Fretter & Graham, 1985) fig. 01 flic.kr/p/2op3qCC, but most intertidal specimens are less than 30 mm high fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . The body-whorl is about 75% of the shell’s height. Those in the Mediterranean are larger (Jeffreys, 1867), occasionally up to 65 mm high (Pers. comm. Jakov Prkić, 18 March 2023), are generally more colourful and ornate fig. 03 flic.kr/p/2op3Kef & fig. 04 flic.kr/p/2op6tN8 and there are some differences in body features. The differences may be geographical variation, but it would be helpful if differing specimens could be molecularly sequenced.

Each of the tumid whorls has an angled shoulder and eight or nine widely spaced, strong costal ribs which are crossed by two major, rounded spiral cords on the spire whorls and by eight or nine on the body-whorl fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 ; minor cords are also present. There are low knobs where the cords and costal ribs intersect. Numerous flounced growth lines cross the spiral cords and grooves and give the whole shell an imbricate appearance fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 & fig. 07 flic.kr/p/2op8Aq1 unless eroded, when they survive longest in the grooves fig. 01 flic.kr/p/2op3qCC . On adults the most recently formed costal rib acts as a labial varix which thickens the palatal lip of the aperture fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 unless there has been recent new growth fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 . The sutures between the whorls are deep and sinuous. The sculpture becomes more pronounced with age. The shell exterior is yellowish white fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 with varying amounts of brown which may create bands associated with the spiral cords or costal ribs fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH . The protoconch, lacking obvious sculpture, has about two and a half tumid, smooth whorls about 1 mm in diameter fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 which, when not eroded, form a sharp apical point.

The height of the aperture is about 60% of the shell height fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . It is approximately ‘P’ shaped with the nearly straight inner lip (parietal and columellar) and long siphonal canal forming the upright, and the palatal lip forming the curve. On young shells the canal is open fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . Later the columellar lip expands over the canal to roof it fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH to a greater or lesser degree. All lips are pure white and the parietal lip tends to spread onto the adjacent body-whorl. The palatal lip may consist of the labial varix or a thin, finely folded lip projecting a minimal fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 or moderate fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 distance beyond the varix, depending on recent growth and erosion. It meets the parietal lip at about 90°. On mature shells, the palatal lip often has interior protrusions which correlate with the spiral grooves of the exterior fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue . The interior of the aperture is smooth and glossy white.

The operculum fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL has a fairly straight columellar-parietal edge. Its palatal edge is curved except for a straight basal section which, with the columellar-parietal edge, forms a wedge which fits into the siphonal canal. Centrally, it is dark reddish brown, but a wide peripheral zone is translucent yellowish fig. 11 flic.kr/p/2op6rLh .The outer face, made of conchiolin produced by the opercular groove, has a marginal nucleus with many fine, surrounding, concentric growth lines. The inner face has a non-marginal, excentric nucleus surrounded by broad, concentric, bands of adventitious conchiolin produced by a ring of gland cells in the opercular disc fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL . Both interior bands and exterior growth lines are visible through the translucent operculum when viewed against a backlit white background; the patterns cross each other fig. 11 flic.kr/p/2op6rLh . The inner face has an area of rougher texture where the columellar muscle attaches to it. The edge of the attachment area is visible as a curved line unaligned with either growth lines or adventitious bands. Apart from the rough muscle-attachment, the inner face of operculum has a shiny varnished surface fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL . The operculum is flexible so it can fit the aperture tightly behind the interior protrusions, if any, of the palatal lip fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue or bend round the body fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa .

Body description

The flesh is translucent white or yellowish white with many opaque white blotches, and yellow, sometimes saffron (Jeffreys, 1867), distally on the cephalic tentacles fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa & fig. 13 flic.kr/p/2op8XsQ , but the yellow may not be developed on small juveniles fig. 07 flic.kr/p/2op8Aq1 and juveniles less than 5 mm high in the Adriatic may have grey and black bodies fig. 37 flic.kr/p/2opNWxW . Dark viscera are visible in parts of the body rarely extended into view fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 .

The small dorsoventrally flattened head consists of two diverging cephalic tentacles with thick bases tapering about two thirds of their length to an eye fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa & fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 beyond which they are slender. Ventrally there is an opening slit (rhynchostome) fig. 15 flic.kr/p/2op8WGX for eversion of the pleurembolic feeding proboscis which can extend greatly; there is no permanently external snout. The radula, buccal mass and true mouth are in the distal end of the proboscis fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 when extended. The short rachiglossan radula has in each row of three colourless, transparent teeth a wide, central, rachidian tooth with many small cusps (points) flanked on either side by a longer marginal tooth. The cusps on the anterior rows are usually worn down by boring into the shells of prey.

The translucent yellowish white mantle roofs the mantle cavity fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa and a folded portion fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 extends as a respiratory siphon through, but rarely beyond, the siphonal canal of the shell fig. 17 flic.kr/p/2op6qtC . The mantle covers the body but is translucent enough to reveal the organs when the animal is removed from the shell fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ . The edge of the mantle is thickened, more yellowish and less translucent fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa .

The short, broad foot is about 33% the length of the shell fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2op6qhA . When fully spread it is widest at the anterior fig. 19 flic.kr/p/2op7JJm but it can vary to circular fig. 20 flic.kr/p/2op3Ek2 . There are no distinct propodial tentacles, but the agile foot can fold readily and bring the sides and flexible front corners together fig. 17 flic.kr/p/2op6qtC to manipulate prey or, in the case of females, manoeuvre egg capsules. The opening to the inverted accessory boring organ is on the medial fold line of the sole a short distance from the anterior. It is difficult to detect except when the sucker-like boring organ is everted to hold and to soften the shell of the prey for boring by the radula. A little further posterior than the boring gland on females there is an opening to the ventral pedal gland into which the foot inserts each newly laid egg capsule for final shaping and subsequent fixing to the substrate.

Dorsally the foot is coloured as the body but the yellowish white sole lacks opaque white marks except where those on the dorsum show through the thin periphery fig. 20 flic.kr/p/2op3Ek2

Behind the right tentacle, males have a large, white penis fig. 21 flic.kr/p/2op6pqL .

Removal of the shell fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ & fig. 23 flic.kr/p/2op8wre will show a large, yellowish, pinnate ctenidium and a smaller, pinnate, red-brown osphradium resembling a ctenidium in structure. The following organs may be visible through the translucent mantle: the greenish hypobranchial gland, rectum, black rectal gland, heart, kidney and the visceral lump containing the digestive gland and, in the breeding season, the ovary or testes.

Key identification features

Ocenebra erinaceus

1. Maximum height 50 mm, width 25 mm (W/H 50%) fig. 01https://flic.kr/p/2op3qCC . Littoral specimens usually to 30 mm high.

2. 8 to 9 costal ribs. Numerous imbricate growth lines fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 .

3. Most recently formed costal rib forms a labial varix on or near palatal lip fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 .

4. Two major spiral cords on the spire whorls and 8 to 9 on the body-whorl fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 . Minor cords are also present.

5. Shell yellowish white with pure white aperture lips and siphonal canal. Open fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 or closed fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH siphonal canal often slightly longer than the aperture above it.

6. Cephalic tentacles translucent white with opaque white marks and yellow distally fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa , but small juveniles may lack the yellow fig. 13 flic.kr/p/2op8XsQ .

7. Egg capsules 6 to 13 mm high. Shaped like a hot water bottle with sloping shoulders. Sometimes have a raised rib giving triangular cross section. Narrow aperture on a short neck has a small protruding plug. Whitish turning to yellow or purple with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .

8. Norway to Morocco and Mediterranean. Lives on rocky substrate all round Britain except east Scotland. Lower shore and sublittoral. Does not live in the Baltic or on continental coasts of the North Sea; multiple records of it at

waarneming.nl/species/20959/maps/?start_date=2000-08-29&a...

are fossils in sand dumped to replenish Dutch beaches (Han Raven, pers. comm. 14 March 2023).

Similar species

Shells have intraspecific variations with interspecific overlap, and features may be eroded or indiscernible on images, so use of more than one feature is advisable for reliable identification.

Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851)

O. inornatus “is very similar to Ocenebra erinaceus and is very difficult to distinguish due to the morphological variability of both” (Trigo et al. 2018). First arrivals of this invasive species are frequently mistaken for O. erinaceus. Large unworn adult shells of O. inornatus show the most distinct sculptural features. The form of egg capsules and colour of tentacle tips are diagnostic in north-west Europe.

1. Maximum height 63 mm (fig. 27 flic.kr/p/2op7GK1 ).

2. Usually 8 to 9, occasionally 4 to 12 costal ribs (Amano & Vermeij 1998 in Goud et al. 2008) on body-whorl. They are more prominent and angulated at the shoulder giving a more pronounced turreted effect than on Ocenebra erinaceus fig. 25 flic.kr/p/2op8vQj . No imbricate growth lines are visible in images of O. inornatus available for this account fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2op7GSA .

3. On large mature specimens the ribs on the body-whorl may be blade-like with the final one flaring out widely from the lip, level with the substrate fig. 27 flic.kr/p/2op7GK1 . But the more frequent smaller specimens have costal ribs and a labial varix like those on O. erinaceus fig. 25 flic.kr/p/2op8vQj .

4. 4 to 7 spiral cords on the body-whorl (Lützen et al, 2011).

5. Shell white with varying amounts and shades of brown. Aperture lips and siphonal canal white are sometimes whitish and brownish in parts. Siphonal canal is often slightly shorter than aperture above it.

6.Cephalic tentacles distally pure white without any yellow beyond the eye fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2op7GSA & fig. 28 flic.kr/p/2op3CD1 but some may be white faintly tinted brownish or pinkish proximally below the eye fig. 29 flic.kr/p/2op7Grf .

7. Egg capsules 15 to 20 mm high. Shaped like a kite with rounded lateral corners and a face strongly flexed so its two wings bend towards each other. Its tall neck tapers to a narrow aperture. Initially whitish turning yellow with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .

8. China, Korea, Japan and Sakhalin Island. Preys on Magallana gigas and has been accidentally translocated with commercial shipments of M. gigas to Pacific coasts of North America and to Europe from Iberia to Denmark. Locally common and a pest on oyster beds Not yet recorded in Britain (pers. comm. S. Taylor, Marine Recorder of Conchological Soc. G.B. & Ireland,15 March 2023) but because of difficulty in differentiating it from Ocenebra erinaceus it might be present unrecognised.

Ocinebrina aciculata (Lamarck, 1822)

1. Usual maximum height 15 mm and width 10 mm.

2. Eight to ten broad costal ribs on body-whorl. Slightly imbricate growth lines raised at irregular intervals, but not as prominently as on Ocenebra erinaceus.

3. Thin, crenulate palatal (outer) lip has no labial varix fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc .

4. 18 to 20 spiral ridges on the body-whorl.

5. Shell dark brown fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc , may show red of body within when well lit in water fig. 31https://flic.kr/p/2op7G27 . Dead worn shells are paler. Sigmoid, pearlescent white, parietal-columellar (inner) lip fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc does not extend onto body-whorl. Siphonal canal open and orange-buff, when young, closed when older.

6. Cephalic tentacles and whole body intense red flecked with yellowish white spots fig. 31 flic.kr/p/2op7G27 . Tips of tentacles and siphon paler.

7. Egg capsules barrel shaped (Wigham & Graham, 2018).

8. Found often in proximity of Perforatus perforatus (Cirripedia) from the Mediterranean to Bretagne, Scilly Isles and south-west England.

Urosalpinx cinerea (Say, 1822). fig. 32 flic.kr/p/2op6ngR

1. Maximum height 40 mm, width 20 mm.

2. 10 to 12 low, sometimes inconspicuous, costal ribs on final whorl.

3. Thin, crenulate palatal (outer) lip thickens and develops internal ribs with age. No labial varix.

4. 16 to 18 spiral ridges on the body-whorl, eroded where they cross the costae, so no protruding nodules. Sometimes spiral ridges more prominent than costae.

5. Shell yellowish or grey with brownish white aperture lips and siphonal canal. Open siphonal canal half the length of the aperture above it.

6. Flesh is cream with dark marks on tentacles and mantle edge.

7. Egg capsules about 5 mm high. Flattened oval attached to substrate with a thin stem. Wide, slightly everted aperture has recessed plug. Buff or yellowish fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN

8. Nova Scotia to Florida. Introduced from America with commercial Magallana gigas to south-east England and the Netherlands. Lower shore and sublittoral to 15 m.

Nucella lapillus (Linnaeus, 1758)

1. Usual maximum height 45 mm, to 65 mm sublittorally.

2. No costal ribs. Numerous imbricate growth lines on small juveniles occasionally persist on adults fig. 33 flic.kr/p/2op8SiB .

3. No labial varix. Lip thin when young, thickened when full grown.

4. Shell often worn smooth fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX but some have about 2 spiral bands on the spire whorls and about 10 on the body-whorl fig. 35 flic.kr/p/2op6kjQ .

5. Shell usually whitish; sometimes yellowish, and bands of various colours may occur fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX . Aperture lips and siphonal canal usually white but can have patches of other colour.

6. Body and cephalic tentacles pure white fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX .

7. Egg capsules are spindle shaped, up to 10 mm high and 4 mm wide, on a short thin stalk. Yellowish white becoming yellow or sometimes purple or brownish with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .

8. White Sea to Gibraltar, not Baltic (low salinity), and Greenland to New York. Common on hard substrate all around Ireland and Britain, avoiding low salinity of inner estuaries.

Habits and ecology

O. erinaceus lives on rocky shores at LWST and sublittorally to 150 m on stony substrate.

It feeds on bivalves, barnacles and tube dwelling worms, boring holes through their shells to rasp out the flesh with its radula. It takes about ten days to bore into and consume an oyster with its everted proboscis fig. 16 flic.kr/p/2op8y3A .

The strong shell affords protection against predators. When active, little of the animal protrudes beyond its shelter fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2op6qhA and the operculum protects nearly half of the foot. In Croatia those in shallow water are often covered with algae which conceal them fig. 36 flic.kr/p/2op3zyP . When sealed, the long siphonal canal protects the siphon so it can remain safely extended for respiration when the animal is retracted into the shell fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue .

Inhalant water entering through the respiratory siphon has its quality checked by the pectinate osphradium at the inner end of the siphon before passing through the larger pectinate ctenidium fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ & fig. 23 flic.kr/p/2op8wre .

O. erinaceus breeds in late April and May in Britain. The male fertilizes the female internally with its long penis. Egg capsules from the oviduct are manoeuvred one at a time by the female’s flexible foot into the ventral pedal gland where they are moulded before being fixed to rock or shells. Several capsules are laid close together, and females often lay in company. The egg capsules are 6 to 13 mm high, and are shaped like a hot water bottle with sloping shoulders. Sometimes a raised rib creates a triangular cross section. The narrow aperture is on a short neck and has a protruding plug. The capsules are initially whitish turning to yellow or purple with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN . After nine or ten weeks, most of the young emerge from the capsule as crawling juveniles, but about 14% emerge as late veliger, swimming larvae with a well developed four-lobed velum and a foot. They lose the velum within five days (Wigham & Graham, 2018).

Like Nucella lapillus, females in the vicinity of boats treated with Tributyltin (TBT), an anti-fouling biocide, experience imposex, the malformation of the oviduct causing sterility. Near Plymouth and Falmouth docks, England, about 90% of female O. erinaceus were so affected in studies from 1991 to 1995 (Gibbs, 1996). Even so, the reproductive failure was less than that experienced by N. lapillus perhaps because of arrival of swimming late veligers, which N. lapillus lacks, from less affected areas.

Distribution and status

O. erinaceus occurs from the Azores and the Mediterranean to its winter-cold induced limits in northern France and south-east Scotland. It does not live in the Baltic or on continental coasts of the North Sea; multiple records of it at

waarneming.nl/species/20959/maps/?start_date=2000-08-29&a...

are fossils in sand dumped to replenish Dutch beaches (Han Raven, pers. comm. 14 March 2023) and probably some misidentified Ocinebrellus inornatus. These misleading records have transferred to GBIF at www.gbif.org/species/4364689 . Because of the mild Atlantic drift in winter, it extends up the west coast of Ireland and Britain to Orkney and Shetland. The U.K. distribution map at species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021055838 probably shows the true position (accessed March 2023), but there, too, fossils are present in pleistocene glacial drift (Forbes & Hanley, 1853) from which they may be washed out onto beaches.

In the past, the limits have shifted. During the exceptionally severe winters 1928 - 1929 and 1962 - 1963, the population along the British North Sea coast was almost annihilated (Lützen et al., 2011). With global warming it is possible that it may spread north of its current limits, but recording of any change should be based on live specimens as the solid shells persist for long periods after death.

Acknowledgements

For use of images I thank Philippe Boissel, Pierre Corbrion, Valentin Engelbos, Marion Haarsma, Gabriel Paladino Ibáñez, Kaila Wheatley Kornblum, Michal Maňas, Alen Petani, Jakov Prkić, Malcolm Storey, Simon Taylor, Freek Titselaar, Albert van den Bruele, Daniëlla van Dijk and Stefan Verheyen. For helpful discussion and information I thank Han Raven and Stefan Verheyen.

Links and references

Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1849-53. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 3 (1853), London, van Voorst. (As Murex erinaceus)

archive.org/details/historyofbritish03forbe/page/370/mode...

Fretter, V. 1941 The genital ducts of some British stenoglossan prosobranchs J. Mar. Biol. Ass. 25(1): 173-211.

plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/1194/1/The_genital_ducts_of_some_...

Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs: their functional anatomy and ecology. London, Ray Society.

Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1985. The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 8 – Neogastropoda. Suppl. 15, J. Moll. Stud.

Gibbs, P.E. 1996. Oviduct malformation as a sterilising effect of tributyltin (TBT)-induced imposex in Ocenebra erinacea (Gastropoda: Muricidae). J. Moll. Stud., 62 (4): 403 to 413. academic.oup.com/mollus/article/62/4/403/1053911 (open access).

Goud, J., Titselaar, F. & Mulder, G. 2008. Weer een ‘verstekeling’: de Japanse Stekelhoren Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851) (Gastropoda, Muricidae) levend aangetroffen in de Oosterschelde. Spirula 365: 132 to 134. natuurtijdschriften.nl/pub/1002492

Graham, A. 1988. Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.2 (Second edition). Leiden, E.J.Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys. 662 pages.

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds.) 1995. Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press.

Jeffreys, J.G. 1862-69. British conchology. vol. 4 (1867). London, van Voorst. (As Murex erinaceus) archive.org/details/britishconcholog04jeffr/page/306/mode...

Lützen J., Faasse, M., Gittenberger, A., Glenner, H. and Hoffmann, E. 2011. The Japanese oyster drill Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Muricidae), introduced to the Limfjord, Denmark. Aquatic Invasions 7(2): 181–191.

www.aquaticinvasions.net/2012/AI_2012_2_Lutzen_etal.pdf

McKay, D.W. & Smith, S.M. 1979. Marine Mollusca of East Scotland. Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum.

Oehlmann, J., Fioroni, P., Stroben, E. and Markert, B. 1996. Tributyltin (TBT) effects on Ocinebrina aciculata (Gastropoda: Muricidae): imposex development, sterilization, sex change and population decline. Sci. Total Environ. 188: 205-223

www.bio.uni-frankfurt.de/55030905/Oehlmann-et-al-1996-STO...

Trigo, J.E.; Diaz Agras, G.J.; Garcia Alvarez, O.L.; Guerra, A.; Moreira, J.; Pérez, J.; Rolán, E.; Troncoso, J.S,; Urgorri, V.. 2018. Guia de los Moluscos Marinos de Galicia. Servicio de Publicacións da Universidade de Vigo.

Wigham, G.D. & Graham, A. 2018. Marine gastropods 3: Neogastropoda. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.62. (206 pages). Field Studies Council,Telford, England.

Glossary

acrembolic = (of proboscis) entirely invertible/eversible like finger of glove.

adventitious = in an unusual anatomical position.

aperture = mouth of gastropod shell; outlet for head and foot.

buccal mass = anterior of digestive system including a radula, odontophore and muscles.

cephalic = (adj.) of or on the head.

cf. = (abbreviation of Latin ‘confer’) compare with.

cilia = (pl.) vibrating linear extensions of membrane used in locomotion.

coll. = (or “in coll.”, abbreviation of “in collectionem”) in the collection of (cf. leg.).

columella = axis of gastropod shell spiral, exposed on final whorl by aperture.

columellar = (adj.) of or near central axis of spiral gastropod.

columellar lip = lower (abapical) part of inner lip of aperture.

conchiolin = horny flexible protein which forms the operculum of most marine gastropods, the periostracum and a matrix for the deposition of calcium carbonate to create a mollusc’s shell. Chemical structure C30H48O11N3; ‘chitinous’ as it resembles, though not identical to, chitin (C8H13O5N)n.

costa = (pl. costae) axial rib crossing shell whorl at about right-angles to any spiral striae.

costal = (adj.) of, or arranged like, costae.

ctenidium = comb-like molluscan gill with filaments either side of a rachis .

cusp = raised point or prominence on crown of a tooth.

digestive gland = organ which acts like the liver and pancreas in mammals to absorb food.

distal = away from centre of body or from point of attachment.

dorsoventrally flattened = as if pressed flat from above.

efferent = (adj. of vessel) carrying haemolymph away from an organ.

efferent branchial vessel = vessel along rachis of ctenidium which carries oxygenated haemolymph away from the ctenidium to the heart for circulation to organs.

ELWST = extreme low water spring tide (usually near March and September equinoxes).

everted = turned inside out from the body.

height = (abbreviation H.) distance from apex of shell to base of aperture.

hypobranchial gland = gland which secretes mucus to trap and consolidate particles from inhalant water. Probably other biologically active compounds produced. On contact with air and light, mucus changes from greenish through red to purple.

imbricate = arranged to overlap like roof tiles.

inverted = turned outside in like a sock.

labial varix = especially strong or broad costa (rib) near edge of outer lip of aperture.

leg. = (abbreviation of legit) collected/ found by (cf. coll.)

LWST = low water spring tide, two periods of a few days each month when tide falls lowest.

mantle = sheet of tissue that secretes shell and forms a cavity for the gill in most marine molluscs. mantle edge = only part that produces exterior layers of shell. When flounced, it makes protruding shell-growth that forms imbricate sculpture.

odontophore = tongue-like structure of cartilage supporting radula.

opercular = (adj.) of the operculum.

operculum = plate of horny conchiolin, rarely calcareous, used to close shell aperture.

osphradium = organ for testing inhalant water for particles and/or chemicals produced by pollutants, prey or predators.

parietal lip = upper part of inner side of gastropod aperture.

periostracum = thin horny layer of chitinous material often coating shells.

pers. comm. = personal communication by face-to-face conversation, telephone, letter or email.

pleurembolic proboscis = basal part (only) of proboscis inverts to form a sac for rest of proboscis to be retracted into without inversion. (cf. acrembolic).

proboscis = internal feeding tube, containing the buccal mass with radula; only extended when feeding.

protoconch = apical whorls produced during embryonic and larval stages; different in form from other whorls forming teleoconch.

proximal = towards the centre of the body or point of attachment.

rachidian = (adj.) median/middle tooth in each row of teeth on radula.

rachiglossan = (adj.) of radula with a many-cusped, rachidian tooth, and single marginal tooth at each side.

rachis = central shaft/main axis of a feather or gill plume.

radula = chitinous ribbon of teeth; extended on odontophore to rasp food.

rectal gland = black or brown diverticulum of the rectum lying over it. Found in O. erinaceus and other Neogastropoda. Its function is unknown.

velum = bilobed flap on veliger larva, with beating cilia for swimming.

rhynchostome = opening on ventral surface of head for eversion of a proboscis.

sigmoid = curved in two directions like letter ‘S’ but often with shallower curvature.

suture = groove or line where whorls of gastropod shell adjoin.

teleoconch = entire gastropod shell, apart from apical protoconch.

tumid = bulging, distended, swollen, distinctly convex.

tumidity = the condition of being tumid.

varix = (see labial)

veliger = shelled larva of marine mollusc; swims by waving cilia on velum (bilobed flap).

Persistent URL: www.floridamemory.com/items/show/252888

Title: Compass Points South

Date of film: ca. 1960

Physical descrip: b&W; sound; original length: 28:07

Local call number: DA073; V-195; M89-17

General note: In this film, Wayne Ferris talks to Senator George Smathers about his trip to Latin America. Most of the program deals with the communist threat to the Latin American region. The show is comprised primarily of footage shot during Smathers' trip to various locations in the Caribbean and South America. Scenes include: riots in Panama over control of the Canal Zone, and footage of Fidel Castro shaking his fist and meeting with Russian leader, Anastas Mikoyan. Later, there is footage of an interview by Miami reporter, Dick Lobo, with Generalissimo, Raphael Trujillo, of the Dominican Republic. The segment on Venezuela includes 1958 footage of Vice President Richard Nixon's motorcade being stoned by angry protesters. There are a few brief scenes of Smathers meeting with Venezuelan President Bettencourt. There are brief shots of Haiti and Puerto Rico, including Smathers' meeting with the Haitian President. Senator Smathers comments that student exchange programs may improve relations with Latin America. Mr. Ferris closes the program with recommendations, such as: price stabilization measures; mineral quotas; market subsidies; and improved foreign aid. Produced by WCKT of Miami.

Repository: State Library and Archives of Florida, 500 S. Bronough St., Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250 USA. Contact: 850.245.6700. Archives@dos.myflorida.com

Anchor points used under-water.

each table group is assigned a color, which corresponds to a colored pizza topping. the table group that gets the most points each day (for behavior, responsibility, cooperation, respect, etc) puts their topping on the pizza. once we have 30 toppings total -with each table contributing at least 4- we have a pizza party!

NOTE: the first week of school, i modeled some of the ways students can get points. sometimes, i'll do an end-of-day "what did we learn?" quiz and award points to tables. sometimes, the first table that has followed instructions completely gets a point. sometimes, if a table member helps another student with a difficult concept, i'll give the whole table a point. but i'm quick to point out that i'm looking for a variety of things and not every good act gets a point... because i EXPECT good acts from every table. at this point, they know i'm looking for exceptional behavior and classwork. if i notice one table is slacking, i'll subtly add tallies to the other tables that are on task and usually the kids pick up on this and get back to work. today i had a meeting and another teacher administered a quiz. my kids were absolutely WONDERFUL... respectful and 100% on-task, so every table added a topping to the pizza for showing exemplary behavior with a guest teacher. it's working beautifully so far!

Happy Holidays! Merry Christmas, everyone!

K00LER

Late afternoon photo of opposing metal sculptures

Fingerprint worksheet used to identify points of comparison of certain ridge characteristics for the purposes of matching prints. Photographed with a 4x5 Speed Graphic at the Canadian Police College in Ottawa.

________________________________________________

|| View On Black || Reflections on a black glass plate. The spiral mobile lies on the glass plate. || Photo - not processed ||

|| I-Ching - Hexagramm - 易經 || "Behind the door" or "Hexagramm" or "易經 ||

________________________________________________

Series: The orderly Chaos

________________________________________________

易經 = Book of Changes

________________________________________________

I Ching and the genetic code -

or how to heal the consciousness of the cell.

(= Channel in which life energy flows) produce. [...]

___________________________________________________________________________

I Ging und genetischer Code –

oder wie man das Bewußtsein der Zelle heilen kann.

[…] Dabei entdeckte sie viele verschiedene Gemeinsamkeiten, die ich im Folgenden kurz darstellen und noch um einige andere erweitern möchte.

1. Jedes genetische Codon besteht aus 3 Aminosäure-Paaren.

Ein Hexagramm im I Ging besteht aus 3 Strichpaaren

Die Chaosforschung entdeckte, daß es im Chaos eine Ordnung gibt. Leben

entwickelt sich nach der so genannten Periode 3

2. Ein DNA-Molekül besteht u.a. aus 4 Stickstoffbasen, die die Grundbausteine

des gesamten genetischen Codes bilden. Dies sind Adenin, Thymin, Guanin

und Cytosin.

Das I Ging besteht aus den beiden Polaritäten Yin, und Yang die in ständigem

Wandel begriffen sind und dem sich wandelnden yin und dem sich

wandelndem yang.

In der östlichen Medizin (Akupunktur, Akupressur) bilden die 4 Elemente

Metall (yang), Erde (yin), Feuer (das sich wandelnde yang) und Wasser (das

sich wandelnde yin) zusammen mit dem Holz-Element die Basis für die

Energiemedizin und alle anderen energetischen Heilweisen.

3. Von den vier Stickstoffbasen des genetischen Codes bilden 2 jeweils ein

feststehendes Paar, das auf 2 verschiedene Weisen verbunden ist.

Es verbindet sich Adenin mit Thymin und Guanin mit Cytosin.

Drei Paare ergeben eine genetische Informationseinheit, auch Codon oder

Triplet genannt. Diese 3 Paare können sich zu insgesamt 64 verschiedenen

Codons oder Triplets (= Informationseinheiten) miteinander verbinden. Daraus

entsteht die Vielfalt des menschlichen Lebens, aber auch des tierischen und

pflanzlichen Lebens. Die Vielfalt der Schöpfung basiert auf diesen

Stickstoffbasen.

Beim I Ging gibt es die unterbrochene und die durchgezogene Linie, die auf 4

verschiedene Weisen zu einem festen Paar verknüpft werden

Drei dieser Paare ergeben ein Hexagramm. Dadurch entstehen die 64

Hexagramme des I Ging, die jeweils eine Weisheit und eine Anleitung für die

Lebensweise des erleuchteten Menschen in unterschiedlichen Lebenslagen

beinhalten.

Feuer; Wasser; Erde; Metall: Jedem dieser Grundelemente entsprechen 2

Meridianpaare, ein yin und ein yang Meridian. Die Yin Meridiane zeigen, wie

die jeweilige Energie auf den Menschen einwirkt, die Yang Meridiane, wie er

darauf nach außen reagiert.

4. Der genetische Code bildet eine Doppelhelix, die wir mit einer in sich

gewundenen Strickleiter vergleichen können. Die Stränge werden von einem 5

C Zucker und Phosphaten, die Sprossen dieser Leiter von den Stickstoffbasen

der Codons gebildet. Diese Doppelhelix ist jedoch in sich geschlossen, besitzt

also keinen definierbaren Anfang und kein definierbares Ende. Der Anfang

und das Ende einer Informationssequenz wird durch so genannte Start und

Stop Codons angezeigt.

Das I Ging wird auch als das Buch der Wandlungen bezeichnet. Es beschreibt

die Abläufe im menschlichen Leben, die es als zyklische, immer

wiederkehrende Kreisläufe erkennt, denen man mit der rechten Einstellung

und Herangehensweise nicht hilflos ausgeliefert ist. Auch hier gibt es

Hexagramme, die über den rechten Beginn oder den Abschluss bzw. Wandel

von Unternehmungen informieren.

Zu den 4 Grundelementen kommen in der östlichen Medizin noch als 5.

Element das Holz-Element, das für Lebendigkeit steht, sowie das

Schutzsystem, das den 5 Elementen ermöglicht ihre Form und Struktur zu

bewahren und unter verschiedenen Lebensbedingungen zu halten, hinzu. Man

könnte sie also auch mit den Strängen der Leiter und die Grundelemente mit

ihren Sprossen vergleichen. Auch hier wird das Wirken der Lebensenergiemeridiane

als zyklisch, in einem Kreislauf eingebettet angesehen. Danach ist

auch die Behandlung und Heilung mit den Energiemeridianen oder

Energiepunkten ausgerichtet.

Von den Hexagrammen des I Ging kann man direkte Verbindungen zu den

Elementen in der östlichen Medizin und damit zu bestimmten Akupunkturmeridianen

(= Bahnen in denen unsere Lebensenergie fließt) herstellen. […]

________________________________________________

Source: I Ching and the genetic Code

where did all this spiral start

an acquaintance or a friend?

the victim points his outstretched finger

while the plaintiff stands accused

does it even matter now it's asked

it was merely a gang of youths

some with more than a sprinkling of promise

and others with their cards marked

through blatant disregard

it all got way out of hand

the same story they'd all been warned of

but they fell victim of the same curiosity that murdered the previous cat

they fell out of touch to all's tethered end

some are still looking for help in the eyes of the blind

CP train 800 with a pair of CSXT motors creeps into Hartland Wisconsin and past my wide angle lenz that stretches the nose of the lead unit almost to the point of the switch lead.

Suddenly it went fast at Chur station. At the end of June, all counters and information points in the underpass were closed and reopened on the ground floor. Switzerland, July 6, 2023. (1/5)

Rat City Rollergirls Season 13, Bout 1 - Grave Danger vs. Derby Liberation Front and Sockit Wenches vs. Throttle Rockets - on January 14, 2017 at the Rat's Nest Shoreline, Washington, USA

Lance Stroll is on his cool down lap and waving to his hometown crowd after racing his way to points following the end of the 2019 Canadian Grand Prix.

5 Points, Queens, NY

© 2019 - SJS Photography

Split toned silhouette image taken during sunset on Day 1 (5/4/19) of the 4th annual "One Week in Whittier" #1weekinwhit photography event.

Image of the iconic but now abandoned 5 Points Car Wash.

Canon 6D | Canon 24-105 f/4 L IS lens | ISO 100 | f/22 @ 1/50 sec | Edited in Lightroom Classic and Photoshop |