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I solved the frame spacing problem of my Pentacon six TL by simple means: Cut two pieces out of a sponge (had only a yellow one at hand that Sunday morning... may replace it with a black one) and sticked it with double-sided tape onto the lid of the camera. This way, the film rolls are always under slight pressure and do not unwind. Inspired by my Holga, where the sponge is in the body, underneath the spools.
Changed the foam to a ca. 3mm layer of neopren (smoother surface). Film transport is easier now. No overlaps anymore, but some frames are very close (still a narrow rim between shots). The 120 film takes 13 shots this way. Film transport without holding the shutter down .
This is the long-lost update, I didn't come for half a year? ! Thank you for your attention.
I try to speed up the update. : P
If you want to be my faceups, go to "Den of Angels", in the "♠ ♠ ♠〖WHITE DEER GARDEN〗♠ ♠ ♠ faceups & Modifications", you can see my detailed instructions.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the model, the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The AH-1 Cobra was developed in the mid-1960s as an interim gunship for the U.S. Army for use during the Vietnam War. The Cobra shared the proven transmission, rotor system, and the T53 turboshaft engine of the UH-1 "Huey". By June 1967, the first AH-1G HueyCobras had been delivered. Bell built 1,116 AH-1Gs for the U.S. Army between 1967 and 1973, and the Cobras chalked up over a million operational hours in Vietnam.
The U.S. Marine Corps was very interested in the AH-1G Cobra, too, but it preferred a twin-engine version for improved safety in over-water operations, and also wanted a more potent turret-mounted weapon. At first, the Department of Defense had balked at providing the Marines with a twin-engine version of the Cobra, in the belief that commonality with Army AH-1Gs outweighed the advantages of a different engine fit. However, the Marines won out and awarded Bell a contract for 49 twin-engine AH-1J SeaCobras in May 1968. As an interim measure the U.S. Army passed on thirty-eight AH-1Gs to the Marines in 1969. The AH-1J also received a more powerful gun turret with a three-barrel 20 mm XM197 cannon based on the six-barrel M61 Vulcan cannon.
During the 1990s, the US forces gradually phased out its Cobra fleet. The withdrawn AH-1s were typically offered to other potential operators, usually NATO allies. Some were also given to the USDA's Forest Service for fire surveillance, and a handful AH-1s went into private hands, including the NASA. Among these airframes were some USMC AH-1Js, which had in part been mothballed in the Mojave Desert since their replacement through more powerful and modern AH-1 variants and the AH-64.
About twenty airframes were, after having been de-militarized, bought by the Kaman Corporation in 2003, in a bold move to quickly respond to more than 20 inquiries for the company’s K-1200 ‘K-Max’ crane synchropter since the type’s end of production in 2001 from firefighting, logging and industry transport requirements. While not such a dedicated medium lift helicopter as the K-1200, which had from the outset been optimized for external cargo load operations, the twin-engine AH-1J promised to be a very effective alternative and a powerful basis for a conversion into a crane helicopter.
The result of this conversion program was the Kaman K-1300, also known as the “K-Cobra” or “Crane Cobra”. While the basic airframe of the AH-1J was retained, extensive detail modifications were made. To reduce weight and compensate for the extensive hardware changes, the SeaCobra lost its armor, the chin turret, and the stub wings. Beyond that, many invisible changes were made; the internal structure between the engine mounts was beefed up with an additional cage structure and a cargo hook was installed under the fuselage in the helicopter’s center of lift.
To further optimize the K-Cobra’s performance, the dynamic components were modified and improved, too. While the engine remained the same, its oil cooler was enlarged and the original output limit to 1.500 shp was removed and the gearbox was strengthened to fully exploit the twin-engine’s available power of 1,800 shp (1,342 kW). The rotor system was also modified and optimized for the transport of underslung loads: the original UH-1 dual-blade rotors were replaced with new four-blade rotors. The new main rotor with rugged heavy-duty blades offered more lift at less rotor speed, and the blades’ lift sections were moved away from the hub so that downwash and turbulences directly under the helicopter’s CoG and man hook were reduced to keep the cargo load more stable. Due to the main rotor’s slightly bigger diameter the tail rotor was changed into a slightly smaller four-blade rotor, too. This new arrangement made the K-1300 more stable while hovering or during slow speed maneuvers and more responsive to steering input.
The Cobra’s crew of two was retained, but the cockpit was re-arranged and split into two compartments: the pilot retained the original rear position in the tandem cockpit under the original glazing, but the gunner’s station in front of him, together with the secondary dashboard, was omitted and replaced by a new, fully glazed cabin under the former gunner position. This cabin occupied the former gun station and its ammunition supply and contained a rearward-facing workstation for a second pilot with full controls. It was accessible via a separate door or a ladder from above, through a trap door in the former gunner’s station floor, where a simple foldable bench was available for a third person. This arrangement was chosen due to almost complete lack of oversight of the slung load from the normal cockpit position, despite a CCTV (closed circuit television) system with two cameras intended for observation of slung loads. The second pilot would control the helicopter during delicate load-handling maneuvers, while the primary pilot “above” would fly the helicopter during transfer flights, both sharing the workload.
To accommodate the cabin under the fuselage and improve ground handling, the AH-1J’s skids were replaced by a stalky, fixed four-wheel landing gear that considerably increased ground clearance (almost 7 feet), making the attachment of loads on the ground to the main ventral hook easier, as the K-1300 could be “rolled over” the cargo on the ground and did not have to hover above it to connect. However, an external ladder had to be added so that the pilot could reach his/her workstation almost 10 feet above the ground.
The bulky ventral cabin, the draggy landing gear and the new lift-optimized rotor system reduced the CraneCobra’s top speed by a third to just 124 mph (200 km/h), but the helicopter’s load-carrying capacity became 35% higher and the Cobra’s performance under “hot & high” conditions was markedly improved, too.
For transfer flights, a pair of external auxiliary tanks could be mounted to the lower fuselage flanks, which could also be replaced with cargo boxes of similar size and shape.
K-1300 buyers primarily came from the United States and Canada, but there were foreign operators, too. A major operator in Europe became Heliswiss, the oldest helicopter company in Switzerland. The company was founded as „Heliswiss Schweizerische Helikopter AG“, with headquarters in Berne-Belp on April 17, 1953, what also marked the beginning of commercial helicopter flying in Switzerland. During the following years Heliswiss expanded in Switzerland and formed a network with bases in Belp BE, Samedan GR, Domat Ems GR, Locarno TI, Erstfeld UR, Gampel VS, Gstaad BE and Gruyères FR. During the build-up of the rescue-company Schweizerische Rettungsflugwacht (REGA) as an independent network, Heliswiss carried out rescue missions on their behalf.
Heliswiss carried out operations all over the world, e. g. in Greenland, Suriname, North Africa and South America. The first helicopter was a Bell 47 G-1, registered as HB-XAG on September 23, 1953. From 1963 Heliswiss started to expand and began to operate with medium helicopters like the Agusta Bell 204B with a turbine power of 1050 HP and an external load of up to 1500 kg. From 1979 Heliswiss operated a Bell 214 (external load up to 2.8 t).
Since 1991 Heliswiss operated a Russian Kamov 32A12 (a civil crane version of the Ka-27 “Helix”), which was joined by two K-1300s in 2004. They were frequently used for construction of transmission towers for overhead power lines and pylons for railway catenary lines, for selective logging and also as fire bombers with underslung water bags, the latter managed by the German Helog company, operating out of Ainring and Küssnacht in Germany and Switzerland until 2008, when Helog changed its business focus into a helicopter flight training academy in Liberia with the support of Germany's Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
A second Kamov 32A12 joined the fleet in 2015, which replaced one of the K-1300s, and Heliswiss’ last K-1300 was retired in early 2022.
General characteristics:
Crew: 2, plus space for a passenger
Length: 54 ft 3 in (16,56 m) including rotors
44 ft 5 in (13.5 m) fuselage only
Main rotor diameter: 46 ft 2¾ in (14,11 m)
Main rotor area: 1,677.64 sq ft (156,37 m2)
Width (over landing gear): 12 ft 6 in (3.85 m)
Height: 17 ft 8¼ in (5,40 m)
Empty weight: 5,810 lb (2,635 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 9,500 lb (4,309 kg) without slung load
13,515 lb (6,145 kg) with slung load
Powerplant:
1× P&W Canada T400-CP-400 (PT6T-3 Twin-Pac) turboshaft engine, 1,800 shp (1,342 kW)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 124 mph (200 km/h, 110 kn)
Cruise speed: 105 mph (169 km/h, 91 kn)
Range: 270 mi (430 km, 230 nmi) with internal fuel only,
360 mi (570 km 310 nmi) with external auxiliary tanks
Service ceiling: 15,000 ft (4,600 m)
Hovering ceiling out of ground effect: 3,000 m (9,840 ft)
Rate of climb: 2,500 ft/min (13 m/s) at Sea Level with flat-rated torque
External load capacity (at ISA +15 °C (59.0 °F):
6,000 lb (2,722 kg) at sea level
5,663 lb (2,569 kg) at 5,000 ft (1,524 m)
5,163 lb (2,342 kg) at 10,000 ft (3,048 m)
5,013 lb (2,274 kg) at 12,100 ft (3,688 m)
4,313 lb (1,956 kg) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m)
The kit and its assembly:
This is/was the second contribution to the late 2022 “Logistics” Group Build at whatifmodellers.com, a welcome occasion and motivation to tackle a what-if project that had been on my list for a long while. This crane helicopter conversion of a HueyCobra was inspired by the Mil Mi-10K helicopter – I had built a 1:100 VEB Plasticart kit MANY years ago and still remembered the helicopter’s unique ventral cabin under the nose with a rearward-facing second pilot. I always thought that the AH-1 might be a good crane helicopter, too, esp. the USMC’s twin-engine variant. And why not combine everything in a fictional model?
With this plan the basis became a Fujimi 1:72 AH-1J and lots of donor parts to modify the basic hull into “something else”. Things started with the removal of the chin turret and part of the lower front hull to make space for the ventral glass cabin. The openings for the stub wings were faired over and a different stabilizer (taken from a Revell EC 135, including the end plates) was implanted. The attachment points for the skids were filled and a styrene tube was inserted into the rotor mast opening to later hold the new four-blade rotor. Another styrene tube with bigger diameter was inserted into the lower fuselage as a display holder adapter for later flight scene pictures. Lead beads filled the nose section to make sure the CraneCobra would stand well on its new legs, with the nose down. The cockpit was basically taken OOB, just the front seat and the respective gunner dashboard was omitted.
One of the big challenges of this build followed next: the ventral cabin. Over the course of several months, I was not able to find a suitable donor, so I was forced to scratch the cabin from acrylic and styrene sheet. Size benchmark became the gunner’s seat from the Cobra kit, with one of the OOB pilots seated. Cabin width was less dictated through the fuselage, the rest of the cabin’s design became a rather simple, boxy thing – not pretty, but I think a real-life retrofitted cabin would not look much different? Some PSR was done to hide the edges of the rather thick all-clear walls and create a 3D frame - a delicate task. Attaching the completed thing with the second pilot and a dashboard under the roof to the Cobra’s lower hull and making it look more or less natural without major accidents was also a tricky and lengthy affair, because I ignored the Cobra’s narrowing nose above the former chin turret.
With the cabin defining the ground helicopter’s clearance, it was time for the next donors: the landing gear from an Airfix 1:72 Kamow Ka-25, which had to be modified further to achieve a proper stance. The long main struts were fixed to the hull, their supporting struts had to be scratched, in this case from steel wire. The front wheels were directly attached to the ventral cabin (which might contain in real life a rigid steel cage that not only protects the second crew member but could also take the front wheels’ loads?). Looks pretty stalky!
Under the hull, a massive hook and a fairing for the oil cooler were added. A PE brass ladder was mounted on the right side of the hull under the pilot’s cockpit, while a rear-view mirror was mounted for the ventral pilot on the left side.
The rotor system was created in parallel, I wanted “something different” from the UH-1 dual-blade rotors. The main rotor hub was taken from a Mistercraft 1:72 Westland Lynx (AFAIK a re-boxed ZTS Plastyk kit), which included the arms up to the blades. The hub was put onto a metal axis, with a spacer to make it sit well in the new styrene tube adapter inside of the hull, and some donor parts from the Revell EC 135. Deeper, tailored blades were glued to the Lynx hub, actually leftover parts from the aforementioned wrecked VEB Plasticart 1:100 Mi-10, even though their length had to be halved (what makes you aware how large a Mi-6/10 is compared with an AH-1!). The tail rotor was taken wholesale from the Lynx and stuck to the Cobra’s tail with a steel pin.
Painting and markings:
Another pushing factor for this build was the fact that I had a 1:72 Begemot aftermarket decal sheet for the Kamow Ka-27/32 in The Stash™, which features, among many military helicopters, (the) two civil Heliswiss machines – a perfect match!
Using the Swiss Helix’ as design benchmark I adapted their red-over-white paint scheme to the slender AH-1 and eventually ended up with a simple livery with a white belly (acrylic white from the rattle can, after extensive masking of the clear parts with Maskol/latex milk) and a red (Humbrol 19) upper section, with decorative counter-colored cheatlines along the medium waterline. A black anti-glare panel was added in front of the windscreen. The auxiliary tanks were painted white, too, but they were processed separately and mounted just before the final coat of varnish was applied. The PE ladder as well as the rotors were handled similarly.
The cockpit and rotor opening interior were painted in a very dark grey (tar black, Revell 06), while the interior of the air intakes was painted bright white (Revell 301). The rotor blades became light grey (Revell 75) with darker leading edges (Humbrol 140), dark grey (Humbrol 164) hubs and yellow tips.
For the “HELOG/Heliswiss” tagline the lower white section had to be raised to a medium position on the fuselage, so that they could be placed on the lower flanks under the cockpit. The white civil registration code could not be placed on the tail and ended up on the engine cowling, on red, but this does not look bad or wrong at all.
The cheatlines are also decals from the Ka-32 Begemot sheet, even though they had to be trimmed considerably to fit onto the Cobra’s fuselage – and unfortunately the turned out to be poorly printed and rather brittle, so that I had to improvise and correct the flaws with generic red and white decal lines from TL Modellbau. The white cross on the tail and most stencils came from the Begemot sheet, too. Black, engine soot-hiding areas on the Cobra’s tail were created with generic decal sheet material, too.
The rotor blades and the wheels received a black ink treatment to emphasize their details, but this was not done on the hull to avoid a dirty or worn look. After some final details like position lights the model was sealed with semi-matt acrylic varnish, while the rotors became matt.
A weird-looking what-if model, but somehow a crane-copter variant of the AH-1 looks quite natural – even more so in its attractive red-and-white civil livery. The stalky landing gear is odd, though, necessitated by the ventral cabin for the second pilot. I was skeptical, but scratching the latter was more successful than expected, and the cabin blend quite well into the AH-1 hull, despite its boxy shape.
42043 crane modifications in LDD.
There have been quick some remarks about the crane arm not being able to become straight. I wasn't to satisfied with it either.
So I started working on improving that. This is the best I could do with in this design.
I also made a simple modification to get the full extension of the crane arm. Yes it is bulky. You can choose for yourself if you want looks of functionality.
I also lowered the height of the crane by 2 studs in the base, just to make it look better sitting behind the cabin.
Here is the LDD-file
Third mod; fewf!
Finally got his guy posted (long day of work), and glad to announce my third, and second-to-last mod.. so far. ;) This is another simpler mod, but still I think its' one of my favorites, nonetheless.
Let me know what you think! Once again I added inspiration, and I am very thankful of constructive criticism and thought-through feedback! Love to hear from everyone who's modded in the past!
Thanks, and let me know what you think!
A heavy modification of the 10265 Mustang Fastback. I wanted to pay tribute to one of my favorite movie cars of all time. (Update: less than 24 hrs old and already made numerous improvements)
Eglise Saint Michel sous la lumière du couchant à Dijon (Bourgogne - Côte d'Or)
Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21
"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
fully mechanical hot hatch - modification of 31070 creator set
Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/osterummoc/
Instagram: www.instagram.com/osterummoc/
Rebrickable: rebrickable.com/users/osterum/mocs/
Video: youtu.be/kZ3il-J_858
Modifications on the Technic set 8110 Unimog U400.
- blue cabine
- steering steeringwheel
- black wheels, closed
- moving bucket (3 sides)
- Train bogey front and back
- Snowplough
1960 Chevrolet Truck Redneck Limo kind of a strange vehicle (possibly a Stageway) I happened to find some kind of modification that I am unsure as to its purpose. It is different. Shot in North Carolina.
Slight modification of an earlier photo to pick out the shapes better. Based on an idea from the week before. View large for full effect.
Last night I had some airbrushing to do for another doll, so I thought it would be quite easy to work on Marcus as well.
His face is still shiny. The paint isn't wet anymore, but it has a gloss of its own.
He needs a face-up next.
And I am going to work on his teeth and see if I can smoothen them some more.
Bulletin board display in our junior high school library computer lab. Printable versions of these banners, headers, and signs may be found here.
Please forgive the bad editing of this photo. We were unable to take a new photo (display has been dismantled) but Creative Commons did not allow the decorative green border we had around the symbols (viewed as a modification of the symbol) so we edited them out as best we could.
A few more pictures of the rebuilt CB-95 - with the proper camera settings this time.
This is the most altered section of the Rockfish, with a fully closed command bridge, larger lower crew compartment and rebuilt upper deck and gun turret.
taken on the 21 dec 2012 in wiltshire uk...... Im not sure what these lines in the sky are but as you can see from the pictures they seemed to be pulling the spray left by the aircraft across the sky. As much as i dont like to believe it, i think weather modification is real and poses a great threat to all of us and life on earth in general as we all have to breathe the same air !.. The reason i post these pictures is to try and raise awareness as i feel that the more people that know about this, the more chance there is of putting an end to this complete madness !!! For those of you who have not heard of this before please research geo engineering, chemtrails, solar radiation management... Anyway thanks for looking at my pictures and thanks to all you guys who continue to post great pictures here on flickr.....
Amarie's Alice with Sheryl's Shin
(Spoiler of next chapters... ;P)
® Eyemech Modification by Sheryl Designs
So, here's another modification of the Green Grocer (#10185).
Actually the plan was to dismantle the Green Grocer to make some space for other MOCs, but instead I ended up rebuilding it for the second time.
Now I really like it, I guess.
Added another floor, rebuilt the roof and stairs again and added some more furnishings.
Credits for the kitchen and the sunbed: Sarah Beyer
Street Running Modifications.
11103 (D2203) was one of four Class 04s specially equipped with sideplates and cowcatchers to operate on the Wisbech & Upwell Tramway, which ran alongside public roads. Seen here with the modifications that were required for the Tramway.
This is the rig I set up in 2007 for photographing ants with my new Nikon D40.. This "kludge" rig worked well and has been replaced by a slightly more refined unit. The pop-up flash provides all the light necessary to shoot at ISO 100 to 400 at apertures down to f/32. The primary lens shown is a Nikon 18-55mm "kit" lens with a "Scopetronix" 40mm close-up lens mounted on the front. The small mirror is for providing a "sunlight with hard-edged shadows" effect when shooting in full shade. The 18-55 lens is shown incorrectly set at 35mm. All my shooting with this lens is with the zoom set at 55mm. Focusing is done manually by moving the camera forward and backwards. No tripod is used, but I do sometimes steady myself with a stick. White cards work OK as reflectors, but covering them with foil, dull side out, gets you one more stop in speed. I now use foil covered cards measuring 4x5 inches for most subjects. A larger pair (5x8 inches) is used when a subject is around 18 inches from the camera, or if I want slightly more softer edged shadows.
102-3473
Taken during "Arrastão do Pavulagem", in Belém, Pará, 01 Jul 2007. With a Sony H5 camera, ISO 400, 1000 speed shutter and S mode. Soft brightness modification.
Good friend silver-brazing on some modifications to a Tubus Tara rack of mine so the bags will actually stay on.
Well he is kinda finished. I see a lot of things I could've done better. But I will alter him when I have time again.
I will sand his eyes a tad better for example. They are a tad bit grainy now. So it needs to be smoother.
But in the end I am happy with the result. He is the little snarling guy I wanted him to be, haha.
Fun project ^^
This is a very simple manipulation, but I am recently beginning to figure out that sometimes, less is more. I kind of wish I added more to this, but whenever I tried, it just didn't look the way I wanted it to. So this is what I settled with and I am very happy with how it turned out.
Model is the beautiful doll-faced Nina, with the hands (literally) of Mikolaj and Nina's twin sister, Emily. Also, a big thank-you to my friend Allie for letting me use her syringe.
*quick note: no model/hands were harmed in the making of this photograph. :)
Frustrated by the expensive and dangerous snow-travel machines produced by Llwyngwril Space Systems, spacemen started to improvise their own vehicles. They took the chassis from an 886 Space Buggy, spare manoeuvring thrusters from an LL918 Spaceship and attached them to a roughly welded frame. The resulting 886 Sledge Modification proved to be a cheap and popular form of transport, whilst the moon was covered in snow. It was safer than some of the other vehicles, as its thrusters could be used as brakes. Unfortunately steering was hampered by the law requiring all 886 drivers to hold a "definitely not a gun thing" in one hand, whilst piloting their vehicles.
Although I am not a big Star Wars enthusiast, the design of the Quadjumper really caught my attention. It just happened that it comes in a Lego set 'Jakku Quadjumper 75178', so I bought one built for fun.
Later I realised that it has lots of potential for interesting modification, and would like to make it into Rey's very own personal craft. As we know Rey is a junk dealer so she has the knowledge to make her own upgrades on her craft. And the Quadjumper's power, maneuverability and ability allow it to turn into a potent weapon.
I have no intention to completely change the original design because it is very interesting already, so I only made some minor adjustments and modifications to enhance the craft:
1). The Quadjumper has 4 massive engines, so I used this advantage to modify the bottom half to be a separable craft. The upper half is a Gunship with a pair of swing wings. The bottom half is a fighter that looks similar to a pad racer, that performs in atmospheric flight, so that Finn can pilot it as well.
2). The rather dull "blow up" function for kids play was removed, so that there are more space available for modification.
3). The ugly belly of the lego craft was removed (this is the worst part of this lego design in my opinion), and replaced with retractable landing gears, that look similar to the gears in the actual design, so the craft looks cooler as it stands on the ground.
4). The upper engines were extended so that the craft doesn't look that flat in the front and rear (my personal preference). A pair of guns were added next to pilot seat, and extended the walls surrounding the pilot seat in order to eliminate the gap between it & the window in the original lego design.
5). Addition of a crew space for BB-8 on top of the craft, just like the X-wing. So that it gives a more Rey' s personal touch feel to the craft.
This is my second attempt at a camera modification for slit scan photography. First attempt is here. This one is attached to aluminum sheet instead of plywood. I fixed the motor more securely this time so it seems to apply more consistant pressure against the rewind knob than previously.
I also added a rheostat dial from Radio Shack to vary the voltage which allows me to control the rpms of the rewind knob. I added a second plate below to sit flat and protect the wires when it isn't on a tripod.
The curved extension of the lower plate past the camera's lens is to add a tripod mount below the lens' entrance pupil (according to Wiki) the rotational point for panoramic images. At some point I'd like to try to rotate the camera as it's advancing the film for panoramic images.
I haven't tried this out yet (just finished it about an hour ago). I still need to tap the metal for a tripod screw mount, then it should be ready.
Slit scan image of a Tri-met bus was my first attempt at slit scam photography
If you're unfamiliar with slit scan photography,
check out Andrew Davidhazy's work at Rochester Institute of Technology's School of Photographic Arts and Sciences department.
"Pohořelci Barracks, sometimes also called Hradčanská barracks or Prokop Holé barracks, is a complex of buildings in Prague in Hradčany bordered by Pohořelec (on the east side), Dlabačov (on the south), Myslbekova (on the west side) and Parléřova (on the north) streets. The complex consists of several Neo-Renaissance buildings on a plot of about 2 ha (no. 120, 121 and 122 of the cadastral territory of Hradčany), belonging to the administration of the Ministry of Defence.
The new Strahovská gate stood in places above Pohořelc, opposite the grounds of the Strahov Monastery, as part of the Prague fortifications. It was built in 1619 and 1620 at the expense of Baltazar Globic, the Primate of Lesser Poland, a follower of Fridrich Falcký, whose symbols were placed on the gate. Later there was also a house that belonged to the sculptor Ignaz F. Platzer).
At the end of the 19th century, major modifications took place at the western end of Pohořelka, including the opening of Keplerova street. Houses No. 117 and 118, adjoining Kučer's Palace and forming a continuation of the northern front of Pohorelec Square, were demolished.
Hradčany (German: Hradschin) is an urban district and cadastral territory of Prague with an area of 1.5 km², divided between city districts and at the same time the city districts of Prague 1 and Prague 6. A significant part of the district is occupied by Prague Castle, one of the most famous castles in Europe and, according to the Guinness Book of Records, the largest castle complex in the world. Hradčany was an independent town until 1784, when it became part of the united royal capital of Prague.
Hradčany includes the area of Prague Castle, the territory of the historic city around Hradčanské and Loretánské náměstí, Pohořelec, the area of Strahov Monastery and Nový Svět, as well as the area of the former Marian Walls forming an arc from the western edge of Letenská plain to the top of Petřín.
Prague 6 includes a strip of territory defined by tram lines in Dlabačov, Keplerova, Jelení, Mariánské hradby, Badeni, Milada Horáková, Patočkova and Myslbekova streets. The cadastral territory Hradčany is adjacent to Střešovice to the northwest, Dejvice to the north, Mala Strana to the east, Smíchov (a small strip of territory) to the south, and Břevnov to the southwest.
Prague (/ˈprɑːɡ/ PRAHG; Czech: Praha [ˈpraɦa]; German: Prag [pʁaːk]; Latin: Praga) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate oceanic climate, with relatively warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague is a political, cultural, and economic hub of central Europe, with a rich history and Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architectures. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV (r. 1346–1378) and Rudolf II (r. 1575–1611).
It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era.
Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Petřín hill and Vyšehrad. Since 1992, the historic center of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas, and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. It is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.
Prague is classified as a "Alpha-" global city according to GaWC studies. In 2019, the city was ranked as 69th most livable city in the world by Mercer. In the same year, the PICSA Index ranked the city as 13th most livable city in the world. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. In 2017, Prague was listed as the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Rome, and Istanbul.
Bohemia (Latin Bohemia, German Böhmen, Polish Czechy) is a region in the west of the Czech Republic. Previously, as a kingdom, they were the center of the Czech Crown. The root of the word Czech probably corresponds to the meaning of man. The Latin equivalent of Bohemia, originally Boiohaemum (literally "land of Battles"), which over time also influenced the names in other languages, is derived from the Celtic tribe of the Boios, who lived in this area from the 4th to the 1st century BC Bohemia on it borders Germany in the west, Austria in the south, Moravia in the east and Poland in the north. Geographically, they are bounded from the north, west and south by a chain of mountains, the highest of which are the Krkonoše Mountains, in which the highest mountain of Bohemia, Sněžka, is also located. The most important rivers are the Elbe and the Vltava, with the fertile Polabean Plain extending around the Elbe. The capital and largest city of Bohemia is Prague, other important cities include, for example, Pilsen, Karlovy Vary, Kladno, Ústí nad Labem, Liberec, Hradec Králové, Pardubice and České Budějovice, Jihlava also lies partly on the historical territory of Bohemia." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.