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Lying in a small enclave of Warwickshire just four miles north -west of Banbury, the village is surrounded by Oxfordshire on three sides. Shotteswell is a small village of winding hilly lanes and many fine old ironstone houses mostly from the 17th and 18th centuries.
By David Byrne & Fatboy Slim " Here Lies Love ", A song cycle about Imelda Marcos & Estrella Cumpass
“The story I am interested in is about asking what drives a powerful person—what makes them tick? How do they make and then remake themselves? I thought to myself, wouldn’t it be great if—as this piece would be principally composed of clubby dance music—one could experience it in a club setting? Could one bring a ‘story’ and a kind of theater to the disco? Was that possible? If so, wouldn’t that be amazing!”
—DB, from the introduction
PRESS REVIEWS
On the Imelda Marcos Inspired New Album
As far as unlikely muses go, creating a modern disco album based on the life of shoe-loving former First Lady of the Philippines Imelda Marcos is quite a bizarre undertaking. But then David Byrne has always enjoyed a challenge.
Clash Music 06.05.10
Marcos Seeks to Restore Philippine Dynasty
Removing the earbuds, tilting her head slightly, [Imelda] said in an exaggerated tone, "I’m flattered; I can’t believe it!"
The New York Times 05.08.10
David Byrne & Fatboy Slim — Here Lies Love
Verdict: Concept LP about Imelda Marcos. Extra dancing shoes, attention span required.
The New Zealand Herald 05.08.10
Vida de Imelda Marcos, viúva de ditador das Filipinas, inspira disco conceitual de David Byrne e Fatboy Slim
O time oferece um verdadeiro quem-é-quem da cena pop anglo-americana atual, entre veteranas e emergentes.
O Globo 05.01.10
The rise of Imelda, in her own words
People who listen to the entire album will be rewarded with more than narrative depth. They'll hear stunning performances...
The Australian 05.01.10
CD review: David Byrne & Fatboy Slim, “Here Lies Love”
...You don't need to be interested in the history of Filipino royalty to dance to Byrne's soundtrack of it.
The Aspen Times 04.29.10
Here lies myth
As a historical artifact, the album is a keepsake.
Manila Standard Today 04.29.10
Dancing on the grave of history
The idea of using dance music to tell the story of Imelda Marcos is both loony and a stroke of genius.
The Philippine Star 04.23.10
David Byrne & Fatboy Slim, “Here Lies Love”
One of the unquestionably oddest releases of the year.
Planet 04.23.10
Dance Mix: Funk Meets Mrs. Marcos
A fountain of funk and dance music that's entirely accessible, great fun and can easily be enjoyed a song at a time.
The Wall Street Journal 04.19.10
Byrne, baby, Byrne
The rock icon on song cycles, cycling, and escaping the past with Imelda Marcos. And you may ask yourself, is this my beautiful new business model?
Guernica 04.10
The Yes List—David Byrne and Fatboy Slim's Imelda Marcos Musical
Each week, The Daily Beast scours the cultural landscape to choose three top picks.
The Daily Beast 04.16.10
Try putting yourself in her shoes
Depending on how you look at it, the timing couldn’t be better, or worse. Now 80 years old, Marcos...is seeking a parliament seat in Ilocos Norte in the northern Philippines.
Macleans (CA) 04.15.10
The Imelda Marcos Story — As Told by David Byrne
...A winning twist on the "album musical" tradition.
TIME 04.10.10
„Menschen brauchen Märchen“
"Ich erzähle darin auch die Geschichte der Liebe zweier Frauen, die verloren ging."
Focus 04.09.10
Lyrics Lush and Gawky
Though they’re tied to biographical specifics, the songs breeze along toward irrepressible pop choruses.
The New York Times 04.08.10
David Byrne and Fatboy Slim give a refreshingly sober view of Imelda Marcos in ‘Here Lies Love’
Many of the songs show the influence of Byrne's longtime love of Latin music, but it's their sweet melodies that really entice.
NY Daily News 04.07.10
Dancing barefoot to the Imelda Marcos OST
The realization that hey, this is all about Imelda! will surely make you sit up and listen. That is, if you aren't too busy already dancing.
GMA News (Philippines) 04.07.10
Here Lies Love
[It] has more going for it than museum-piece fascination.
The Onion: A.V. Club 04.06.10
Daily Dose Pick: Here Lies Love
David Byrne and Fatboy Slim’s star-studded collaborative concept album about the life of Imelda Marcos may sound strange, but it’s no less stunning for it.
Flavorwire 04.06.10
David Byrne & Fatboy Slim: "Here Lies Love"
Slim is razor sharp at placing proper beats in the music to recall the late-night '70s New York club scene.
New York Post 04.06.10
A hymn to the Iron Butterfly
Byrne has produced a work that not only tells Imelda’s story but celebrates the art of the album as well.
The Globe and Mail 04.06.10
Ode to Imelda is a Shoe-in for Success
...A thrilling success.
Newsday 04.06.10
Listen Up: Imelda Marcos, the musical? For Byrne, it's 'Love'
Allison Moorer and Sharon Jones are standouts, respectively lending earthy shine to the ebullient When She Passed By and soulful punch to Dancing Together.
USA Today 04.06.10
David Byrne and Fatboy Slim: Here Lies Love
...An impressive work that certainly shows the marks of five years’ worth of refinement.
PopMatters 04.05.10
David Byrne, Fatboy Slim gather eclectic cast for odd, wonderful Imelda tribute
...An epic, thrilling tale brimming with hair-raising harmonies, sumptuous beats and unexpected duets.
The San Francisco Examiner 04.05.10
HuffPost Reviews: David Byrne and Fatboy Slim
It works so well and so strangely--especially with guests like Steve Earle in the role of Ferdinand Marcos--that you'll wonder why it's never been done before.
The Huffington Post 04.05.10
Imelda Marcos's life in funky rhythm
...A sumptuous two-disc feast of harmony, melody, and Latin-accented grooves that the Studio 54-loving Marcos herself would likely appreciate.
The Boston Globe 04.05.10
David Byrne and Fatboy Slim: Here Lies Love
The pair’s navigation of the narrative is impeccable, as Marcos uses her steely resolve to rise above her troubled childhood.
The Times 04.03.10
Top Marcos
A glittering array of talent assemble for a complex paean to a former dictator's wife.
NME 04.03.10
David Byrne & Fatboy Slim: Here Lies Love
It contains enough solid material to justify repeated listens.
Billboard 04.03.10
A rock opera on Imelda Marcos
Here Lies Love’s beguiling music and vivid lyrics evoke Imelda Marcos’s corrupt, seductive glamour.
Financial Times 04.02.10
Unlikely muses but exceptional music
Despite its considerable conceptual ambition, the album finds Byrne reconnecting with his pop roots in a big way.
The Star-Ledger 04.02.10
CD of the week: David Byrne & Fatboy Slim
As long as inventive, thoughtfully generous souls such as David Byrne are at the controls, rumours about the death of the album will remain greatly exaggerated.
Daily Mirror 04.02.10
Here Lies Love: David Byrne and Fatboy Slim, CD review
...A headily atmospheric and inspired combination of humid, late-Seventies, early-Eighties Latin-tilted beats and lyrics you actually want to think about.
The Telegraph 04.01.10
Album review: David Byrne and Fatboy Slim: Here Lies Love
...This is a...satisfying celebration of strong female voices, each one shrewdly matched by Byrne to their particular song.
The Scotsman, 03.30.10
David Byrne inspired by dictator's wife
The once in a lifetime artist proved once again that he's more than willing to step up to the mark-os.
Sky News 03.26.10
Sound check: mad about Imelda Marcos
Despite her crimes Marcos is essentially remembered for her eccentricities. This none-more-eccentric production is a suitable reflection of a very strange life.
Evening Standard, 03.26.10
Album Review: David Byrne & Fatboy Slim - Here Lies Love
Byrne remains one of the most charismatic and intellectual songwriters of our time, and Fatboy Slim can still produce the coolest beats for people to break-dance to outside of movie theaters.
Consequence of Sound 03.26.10
David Byrne: Two heads are sometimes better than one
On the eve of releasing 22 new songs with Norman Cook, the Talking Heads frontman tells of the joys of artistic collaboration.
The Observer, 03.21.10
David Byrne & Fatboy Slim: Here Lies Love Music Review
Dig into [the] heady stuff if you like — or just surrender to the inexorable beats.
Rolling Stone 03.18.10
Ruff Manila
Byrne says the incongruity of combining club frippery and serious intentions was appealing.
MOJO 03.10.10
Imelda Marcos gets the Evita treatment
"Basically, DB had worked out the whole thing in his head,” says Cook. “He loves to do the right thing the wrong way..."
The Sunday Times 02.21.10
The only Filipino in all-star soundtrack of Imelda musical
This is a serious psychological study of a complex and flawed character whose delusions affected many innocent people.
Philippine Daily Inquirer 02.11.10
Fatboy Slim y David Byrne hicieron un disco juntos
Codo a codo con Byrne, el ex bajista de Housemartins y actual Dj estrella cinceló el pulso de las composiciones y le agregó su habitual clima bailable.
10 Musica 12.16.09
David Byrne + Fatboy Slim = Imelda Marcos !
Curieux casting, curieux sujet…
Qobuz 12.15.09
David Byrne og Fatboy Slim afslører trackliste
Musikken er naturligvis komponeret af de to bagmænd, Fatboy Slim og David Byrne...
Gaffa 12.15.09
David Byrne and Fatboy Slim Immortalize Imelda Marcos
With this story of rags to riches that bursts with dubious morality, no wonder Byrne was intrigued.
Flavorwire 12.14.09
David Byrne and Fatboy Slim team up for Here Lies Love
He’s been popping up on our radar, here and there, and that’s always a good thing when it comes to David Byrne.
OneThirtyBPM 12.14.09
David Byrne mints Imelda Marcos CD
A concept album that tracks the rise and fall of former First Lady Imelda Marcos will be released this year, featuring former Talking Heads frontman David Byrne, British DJ and big beat musician Fat Boy Slim, and 22 guest performers.
Manila Standard Today 4.16.09
Byrne 'finishing off Fatboy CD'
The pair have roped in a host of guest stars for the project, Here Lies Love, including Santigold and Roisin Murphy.
BBC News 4.9.09
2005-2007
Extravagance (and Shoe Love) in the Rise of a Despot?
"This is quite a place to audition new material," David Byrne deadpanned at Carnegie Hall on Saturday night…
The New York Times 2.5.07
David Byrne Meets Imelda
With almost every number in Here Lies Love the audience was ready to dance, even if it was to a lesson in late 20th century southeast Asian history.
Time 2.4.07
In New York, David Byrne sings of Imelda Marcos
"This is not artistic licence, this is reportage," Byrne told a laughing audience as the story moved to Marcos' extravagant visits to New York, where she frequented the famed nightclub "Studio 54."
Reuters 2.4.07
Imelda: The Nightclub Years
No shoes? No brutal husband? David Byrne tells Andrew Purcell why he teamed up with Fatboy Slim to write an opera about the disco-loving side of Imelda Marcos.
Guardian (UK) 1.29.07
Has Opera Lost the Plot?
The music-theatre piece by David Byrne on the life of Imelda Marcos, Here Lies Love, came much closer to a kind of operatic truth…
The Weekend Australian 3.25.06
The life of Imelda Marcos comes to the Adelaide stage
"And I thought, here's someone in power that comes with a sound track attached…"
ABC Australia 3.13.06 — Radio interview [1MB Quicktime file]
A Steel Butterfly Still Emerging
[Byrne] is proposing that Imelda is no more the sum of her shoes than Jackie Kennedy was just a collection of pillbox hats.
The Australian 3.13.06
Retro and Kitsch — So in Style
Introducing the show, Byrne said he was interested in how powerful people justify their morally reprehensible acts to themselves, but he found Imelda more interesting than your garden-variety dictator because she had a disco installed in her New York townhouse.
The Age 3.13.06
Imelda Marcos, in her own words
Imelda Marcos pointed a tiny pistol straight ahead of her and a red dot appeared on a screen in the middle of a heart-shaped face labeled "Happy."
The International Herald Tribune 3.8.06
True Stories
So David Byrne calls Fatboy Slim and says: "Here's an idea. Imelda Marcos, OK? Wife of a dictator. Liked to go to discos in her younger days. Could make a good musical. What do you think?"
The Australian 2.25.06
Byrne, Baby, Byrne
"The auditions were fairly hilarious," Byrne says. "Because they have to sing for the whole thing and because it's energetic dance music, I set up a karaoke lounge in my studio here."
The Advertiser 10.15.05
The ancient site of Tanis lies in the north east of Egypt's Delta region and dates back to the 19th Dynasty, later becoming the seat of power for later pharaohs during the 21st and 22nd Dynasties.
Many of the monuments here are inscribed for Ramesses II but are believed to have been transferred at a later date from his former capital 'Pi-Ramesses', modern Qantir, (one of the nearby villages we travelled through en route here) where little remains today. The cities in the Delta were built along the many branches of the Nile that bisect this region, but with the silting up of some branches over time such settlements became vulnerable and were abandoned, as happened at Pi-Ramesses and later its replacement Tanis in turn.
The site today is located near the modern village of San el Hagar and the surviving ruins largely consist of isolated inscribed blocks, scattered obelisk and architectural fragments and pieces of large scale sculptures. It is nonetheless an impressive spectacle and a great site to explore, the almost caramel colour of the stone and desert adds much to the atmosphere.
More complete are the tomb structures of the 21st & 22nd dynasties, the tomb of Shoshenq III being complete except for its roof and filled with reliefs and sarcophagi. The tomb of Psusennes I (along with Amenemope and Shoshenq II who were also interred there) is located nearby under a surviving section of the ruined plinth of the former temple of Amun, but the tombs themselves can only be glimpsed through openings. These tombs yielded intact treasures when they were investigated by Pierre Montet in 1940 and the contents are now on display in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
My first encounter with Tanis was of course via one of my favourite films, Raiders of the Lost Ark, in which it is the setting for the stunning 'Map Room' and 'Well of Souls' where the Ark of the Covenant is found in the film. Of course none of it was filmed here (or even in Egypt itself) but I was intrigued to see broken obelisks like the one that led Indiana Jones to the target! But the film's claim that the city had been lost up to that point is pure myth, it has been investigated frequently since the early 19th century.
Our trip to Tanis was slightly complicated by the security situation, it is quite remote and the closest we got to the trouble spots in the Sinai, thus we were held back at Tell Basta until an armed escort could accompany us. This didn't cause alarm, being something we had experienced already elsewhere, and a sign of how seriously Egypt takes the safety of its visitors. Nonetheless it was quite humbling having groups of guards making a special trip at short notice just for the two of us!
We didn't spend more than an hour on site here (despite having a very good local guide who was willing to show us more if we'd stayed) as it was getting late and we didn't want to keep our generous escorts waiting.
De Zimmertoren is een toren in Lier, in de Belgische provincie Antwerpen. De toren is genoemd naar uurwerkmaker Louis Zimmer, en is het resultaat van het verbouwen van de middeleeuwse Corneliustoren, die een deel was van de tweede omwalling rond de stad. De toren staat op het Zimmerplein, het vroegere Wilsonplein. Dit plein ligt aan de binnennete. De kade hier werd vroeger gebruikt om schepen te laden en lossen. Lierenaars spreken daarom ook nog vaak van de "kade" of "kaai" als ze verwijzen naar het Zimmerplein.
Het bouwjaar van de oorspronkelijke toren, een oude vestigingstoren (de corneliustoren), is niet precies bekend, maar ligt vóór 1425. De toren behoorde tot de tweede omwalling van de stad. De toren werd in 1812 door het gemeentebestuur verkocht, maar werd na de Eerste Wereldoorlog weer aangekocht, omdat het stadsbestuur de toren wilde afbreken. In 1928 schonk Zimmer aan de stad Lier een uurwerkmechanisme (de Jubelklok, gemaakt met zijn rechterhand Frans Dirckx en zo genoemd omwille van de viering van 100 jaar Belgische onafhankelijkheid in 1930 bij de officiële inhuldiging van de toren) dat diverse tijden en kosmische en andere periodieke verschijnselen aangeeft. Er werd besloten dit uurwerk onder te brengen in de bouwvallige Corneliustoren, die daartoe tussen 1928 en 1930 werd verbouwd en gerestaureerd en sindsdien Zimmertoren wordt genoemd. De inhuldiging van de Zimmertoren vond plaats op 29 juni 1930. De hele verbouwing werd voor het grootste deel uitgevoerd door vrijwilligers en de kostprijs bedroeg 169.230,40 Belgische frank.
Op het pleintje vóór de toren lag tot 2013 een voorstelling van het zonnestelsel, met de voorstelling van de planetoïden Felix (1664) en Zimmer (3064), die respectievelijk naar Felix Timmermans en Louis Zimmer werden genoemd en die ontdekt werden in 1929 en 1984. In 2013 is de planetencirkel verwijderd en vervangen door een didactische versie in het paviljoen.
De werken van Louis Zimmer worden sedert 1930 in eigendom beheerd door de onafhankelijke vzw Zimmertorencomité Lier die tevens huurster is van de gebouwen tot in 2045.
Sinds 1980 is de toren beschermd als monument. De Zimmertoren behoort tot een van de meest karakteristieke klokken van Europa.
The Zimmer tower (Dutch: Zimmertoren) is a tower in Lier, Belgium, also known as the Cornelius tower, that was originally a keep of Lier's fourteenth century city fortifications. In 1930, astronomer and clockmaker Louis Zimmer (1888–1970) built the Jubilee (or Centenary) Clock, which is displayed on the front of the tower, and consists of 12 clocks encircling a central one with 57 dials. These clocks showed time on all continents, phases of the moons, times of tides and many other periodic phenomena.
In 1980 the tower became a state-protected monument.
The original tower was built no later than 1425, though the precise date of construction is unknown. In 1812 the tower was sold by the municipal authorities, but after World War I, they repurchased it and slated it for demolition. In 1930 astronomer and clockmaker Louis Zimmer donated a complex clock which was installed in the old tower, which had to be substantially reconstructed for this. In honor of the astronomer the structure was renamed the Zimmer tower.
In 1960 a pavilion for the new clock was built next to the tower to present Zimmer's masterpiece the wonder-clock. (Dutch: Wonderklok). These wonder-clocks were prepared for the 1935 world exhibition in Brussels; later they were demonstrated in the U.S.. Around one of these dials moves the slowest pointer in the world - its complete revolution will take 25800 years, which corresponds to the period of the precession of the Earth's axis. Subsequently, Zimmer attached to the clocks a mechanical planetarium. The wonder-clocks impressed Albert Einstein, who congratulated Zimmer on the creation of these unusual mechanisms.
On the small square at the foot of the tower an exhibition of the solar system was arranged with the aid of metallic circles and the rings (circles designate the sun and planets, rings the orbits of planets). These also show asteroids Felix (№ 1664) and Zimmer (№ 3064), which were named after Felix Timmermans and Louis Zimmer when discovered in 1929, and 1984. In 1980 the tower obtained the status of state protected monument. Now the Zimmer tower and pavilion with the wonder-clocks is a museum.
The Centenary clock has one large dial in the centre, measure 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) in diameter. This dial shows the exact time (UTC+1; during daylight saving time UTC+2 is used instead). The twelve dials around the centre dial show the following (starting from the dial in the 2 o'clock position and going clockwise): the equation of time, the zodiac, the solar cycle and the dominical letter, the week, the globe, the months, the calendar dates, the seasons, the tides, the age of the moon, the phases of the moon and the metonic cycle and the epact.
The equation of time
This dial shows the difference in minutes between the apparent solar time and the mean solar time. Positive values indicate that the apparent solar time is ahead (fast) of the mean solar time, with maxima around November 3 and May 15. Negative values indicate that the apparent solar time is behind (slow) of the mean solar time, with a maximum lag around February 12 and July 27.
The difference is zero four times a year; around April 16, June 15, September 1 and December 25.
The zodiac
Every year the sun describes an imaginary circle around the earth, called the zodiac. The zodiac is divided in twelve segments, each denoted by a sign associated with a constellation. This dial shows the zodiac signs. The signs of spring; Ram, Bull and Twins. The signs of the summer; Crab, Lion and Virgin. The signs of the fall; Balance, Scorpion and Bowman. The signs of winter; Capricorn, Water-bearer and Fishes. One revolution of this dial takes a year.
The solar cycle and the dominical letter
The solar cycle is a 28-year cycle. After the 28 years, dates reappear in the same order. On the inner circle, the hand indicates the current year of the solar cycle. On the outer circle, the hand shows the corresponding dominical letter. The dominical letter gives the day upon which the first Sunday of the year falls. The letter A means that the first Sunday of the year will fall on January 1. The letter E for example, indicates that the first Sunday will be on January 5. Leap years have two dominical letters because the dominical letter changes end February. The first letter covers January and February, the second covers March to December. For leap years, the outer circle will show two dominical letters.
The week
This dial marks the seven days of the week, represented by ancient gods and their symbol.
SundayApollosun
MondayDianamoon
TuesdayMarslance
WednesdayMercuriusgolden staff
ThursdayJupiterflash of lightning
FridayVenusmirror
SaturdaySaturnsickle and scythe
The globe
The rotation of the Earth causes day and night. It is day on the part of the globe that is currently visible. The places on earth that pass under the fixed meridian (the golden belt running from the North Pole to the South Pole) have noon at the same time. The globe rotates once every 24 hours.
The months
This dial depicts the twelve months. The hand shows the current month. One revolution takes a year.
NumberMonthAlternative name
1JanuaryIce-month
2FebruaryDuck-month
3MarchFish-month
4AprilHarlequin-month
5MayFlower-month
6JuneShearing-month
7JulyHay-month
8AugustHarvest-month
9SeptemberFruit-month
10OctoberWine-month
11NovemberSlaughter-month
12DecemberResting-month
The calendar dates
This dial shows the exact date. The numbering goes to 31, the maximum number of days in a month. In months that have less days (28, 29 or 30), the hand automatically moves forward to the first day of the following month.
The seasons
The dial shows four drawings by Felix Timmermans, representing the four seasons. Spring is represented by a child with flowers (upper left). The duration of the season is indicated with Arabic numerals for the days and Roman numerals for the hours. Spring lasts for 92 days and 11 hours. The summer is represented by a mower and lasts 93 days and 8 hours. Autumn is symbolised by a cornucopia and lasts 89 days and 10 hours. Winter is represented by an old lady reading by the fireside. The duration of the winter is exact 90 days.
On the dividing lines between the drawings is a small globe indicating the part of the globe that is being lit by the sun at the start of the season. The differences in illumination during the year are caused by the Earth's axial tilt. The hand completes one revolution a year and shows the current season.
The tides
The dial indicates the tides at Lier, Belgium. The biggest ship and the flag without the streamer indicate high water. When the streamer is above the flag it is flood. It is ebb when the streamer is below the flag. At Lier, the water is rising for 3 hours and 53 minutes and falling in the other hours. This dial completes almost two revolutions a day.
The age of the moon
The time between two full moons is about 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes. This is the time it takes the Moon to make one orbit around the Earth. The dial shows how many days passed since last new moon, indicating the day in the cycle of the moon and showing on the inner circumference the phases of New Moon (Dutch: Nieuwe Maan, N.M.), First Quarter (Dutch: Eerste Kwartier, E.K.), Full Moon (Dutch: Volle Maan, V.M.) and Last Quarter (Dutch: Laatste Kwartier, L.K.).
The phases of the moon
This globe, colored half-gold and half-blue with golden stars, shows the phases of the moon. The golden part represents the visible part of the moon.
The metonic cycle and the epact
The hand on this dial revolves once in 19 years. After this period, the different phases of the moon will fall again on the same dates in the year. The Greek astronomer Meton proved this in 432 BC. On the outer ring, the hand points to the golden number, or the number of the current year in the metonic cycle. The inner ring shows the epact, which is the age of the moon on the first of January of the current year.
Format: Fotopositiv
Dato / Date: 10 Mai 1945
Fotograf / Photographer: Ukjent, antagelig Mil. org.
Sted / Place: Skallum gård, Stabekk, Bærum kommune
Wikipedia: Jonas Lie (1899-1945)
Wikipedia: Skallum
Eier / Owner Institution: Trondheim byarkiv, The Municipal Archives of Trondheim
Arkivreferanse / Archive reference: Tor.H42.B54.F28648
Merknad:
Dette bildet er godt kjent og publisert tidligere i bl.a. Sverre Rødder: Min ære er troskap - Om politiminister Jonas Lie (Oslo 1990) s. 160.
Denne type bilder ser ut til å ha vært i populær sirkulasjon etter krigens slutt, og er ikke uvanlig å finne i private album og samlinger. Disse bildene er fra Trygve Gjervans samling og er donert til Trondheim byarkiv av G. Ulriksen.
Asker og Bærums Budstikke Fredag 11. Mai 1945 s. 2:
Lie, Riisnæs og Rogstad har forskanset seg på Skallum.
De store nazi-forbrytere drikker seg styrke til. Interessant intervju med bestyrer Simonsen på Skallum.
"Budstikkens" medarbeider har hatt et intervju med bestyrer Simonsen på Skallum gård, stedet hvor de tre største naziforbrytere, ex-minister Riisnæs, ex-minister Jonas Lie og fylkesfører Rogstad utkjemper sin siste håpløse kamp.
Skallum gård eies av advokat Eger og ligger i skogen på vestsiden av Gamle Ringeriksveien mellom Stabekkhøi landhandleri og Stabekk apotek. Eiendommen er nå kringsatt av vakter fra mil. org. og det er utelukket at de selebre personer kan unnslippe, men da de ligger godt forskanset i bunker og utstyrt med kraftige våpen, har det ennå ikke vært rettet noe angrep på dem.
Bestyrer Simonsen forteller at korrespondenter fra den allierte presse har søkt ham for å få et intervju, men han nektet å uttale seg fordi han syntes at "Budstikken" burde gå foran de store utenlandske aviser.
- Jeg flyttet fra gården for en ukes tid siden, sier han, da alt tydet på at den ville bli krigsskueplass. Jeg gikk noen dager til og fra og fôret dyrene, som var blitt igjen. Onsdag den 9. mai ved 17-tiden var jeg på Skallum for å hente kuene. Jeg slapp uhindret inn, og de tre nazister satt da på trappen foran hovedinngangen og pratet. Det er bygget skyttergraver og bunkers i skogen på begge sider av veien som fører ned til Skallum, og omtrent midt i alléen er plasert en sperrebom. Denne skal etter sigende være underminert.
- Turde De gå inn uten å melde fra på forhånd?
- Jeg hadde ringt og snakket med Rogstad.
- Er De innesluttede godt utstyrt med våpen?
- De har våpen i massevis av alle slag. Geværer, karabiner, revolvere, maskinpistoler, bandolærer, trøyer og andre militæreffekter ligger henslengt overalt både i skogen, i hovedbygningen og bestyrerboligen. Mandag kveld kom en stor rutebil fra Oslo med omkring 30 politiaspiranter. De fleste var unge folk, og da de hadde vært der noen timer, stakk de av etterlatende sine våpen. De fleste av politifolkene ble tatt rundt omkring på veiene av hjemmefrontens folk og sikret.
- Var det ingen andre folk på Skallum enn Riisnæs, Lie og Rogstad?
- Nei, alle de andre hadde flyktet. Når de ikke holder vakt, sitter de og drikker og turer. Da jeg var der onsdag var det mange tomme og halvfulle flasker, og Jonas Lie og Riisnæs kom sjanglende mot meg da jeg spurte om de ville se passet. "Bare kast hele passet", sa de, "vi gir pokker i det nå." De var svært interessert i å høre nytt, spesielt interesserte de seg for det som foregikk utenfor den nærmeste sperreringen og for stillingen i landet. De hadde ikke noe greie på det som hadde hendt. De spurte om sammensetningen av den nye regjering og hvordan stemningen var. De fortalte fæle rykter om at nasjonalsosialister var blitt lynsjet og brent, og spurte om det var sandt. Jeg svarte at det var blank løgn, og tilføyet at det var streng ordre fra regjeringen i London og hjemmefronten om human behandling av fangene.
Før jeg drog hjem med kuene var jeg oppe på trappen og spurte dem om jeg kunne komme igjen dagen etter å hente en gris. "Hvis vi holder stand til i morgen kan De godt komme igjen for oss", sa de. De ble litt betenkelige da jeg sa at jeg måtte ha med sønnen min, men da jeg fikk forklart dem at grisen var nokså stor, og at jeg måtte ha en mann til å ta i kassen, ble tillatelsen gitt.
- Da vi i går ved 1/2 12 tiden kom med hest og vogn for å hente grisen, stod ex-minister Riisnæs på utkikk med maskingevær i en skyttergrav på gårdsplassen. Jeg vinket med hånden, og han vinket igjen som tegn på at vi kunne passere. Da vi var ferdig med arbeidet vårt, gikk jeg opp på gårdsplassen for om mulig å prate litt mere med dem. Men da var de gått inn og kom ikke ut. De hadde to store sjefere, og disse gjødde som besatt og så temmelig farlige ut.
- Har de innesluttede noen til å stelle for seg?
- Nei, de er helt alene og steller seg selv. De har det svært uryddig, men har stomp og brennevin nok.
- Tror De at de kommer til å overgi seg?
- Det har jeg liten tro på. De vil sikkert kjempe og selge sitt liv så dyrt som mulig. Men ved bruk av litt grovere skyts blir de nok nedkjempet. Hvis en ville ofre noen folk kunne en nok klare å ta dem også med lettere håndvåpen, men det er det ingen grunn til.
- Det sies at det er lagret store kvanta sprengstoff på Skallum.
- Ja, det ligger 250 kilo plastikk i kjelleren under hovedbygningen. Det var noe som Reichborn-Kjennerud beslagla hos hjemmefronten i vinter. Han bodde der som kaptein i bedriftsvernet og skulle vært der enda, men stakk av søndag eller mandag. Han var også formann i likvidasjonsstyret og medlem av høyesterett.
I påsken hadde jeg den ære å bli innesperret så og si på min egen gård. Reichborn-Kjennerud ville ha noen opplysninger om advokat Eger og hans familie som han ikke fikk. Så puttet han meg inn i en fruktkjeller. Den var ganske solid og og gjort istann med betryggende dører og vinduer. Da jeg bygget den trodde jeg jo ikke at jeg skulle komme til å sitte der som fange selv. Jeg satt 1 1/2 døgn uten varm mat, men da jeg ikke ble noe mykere ble jeg sloppet ut etter 2-3 dager.
Siste:
Fra Stabekk meldes at minister Jonas Lie og fylkesfører Rogstad har skutt seg, mens minister Riisnæs er tatt til fange. Hendelsen inntraff ved 8-tiden.
Dagbladet Mandag 14 Mai. 1945 s. 2:
Riisnæs skjøt Rogstad.
Jonas Lie død av for meget alkohol i forbindelse med en tropesykdom.
Uhyggelige enkeltheter fra Skallum gård. - Jonas Lie og Riisnæs i telefonen.
- Vi visste at Riisnæs, Jonas Lie og Rogstad hadde forskanset seg på Skallum gård i Bærum, sa politimester Meyer på en pressekonferanse lørdag. Gården ble derfor omringet av hjemmestyrkene. Så lot vi det gå en stund, vi hadde så meget annet å gjøre og vi visste jo at vi hadde dem der. Vi visste heller ikke om de hadde sprengstoff kanskje i store mengder og en kraftig aksjon fra vår side kunne gjøre skade i nabolaget. Vi hadde skåret over telefonlinjene til bunkersene og satt dem over til hjemmestyrkens sjef der ute.
Fredag måtte vi få en orden på det. Vi varskudde dem om at lyset og vannledningene ville bli brutt og gav dem en halv times frist. Før den halvtimen var gått, kom Riisnæs fram og overgav seg. Han fortalte at Lie og Rogstad var døde.
Det var Rogstad som var sist i telefonen. Han takket for "våpenhvilen" de hadde fått og for at de hadde fått bevege seg så fritt så lenge. Da vi kom inn og fant likene, viste det seg at Rogstad hadde to skudd i hodet. Lie hadde ingen skuddsår. Den rettsmedisinske kommisjon vil seinere avgi rapport om dødsårsaken.
Riisnæs ble framstilt for politimesteren natt til lørdag. Han ble forelagt bare ett spørsmål: Om han kunne si navnene på medlemmene av de særdomstolene som har virket i Norge i krigstiden og bl. a. avsagt dødsdommer. Disse dommerne har vært anonyme. Riisnæs ønsket ikke å si noe om det. Politimesteren spurte ham ikke mer. Han bare bemerket at det var ganske rart at en ikke vil si hvem de dommere er som har øvd det som etter deres oppfatning jo måtte være rett. Det har ikke hendt før at dommerne som hevder loven og retten trenger beskyttelse. Det lot ikke til å interessere Riisnæs noe videre.
*
Dagbladet har brakt på det rene
NOEN FLERE DETALJER
om begivenheten. Riisnæs overgav seg klokken 19.30 fredag etter to døgns forhandlinger med gruppe 13313 av hjemmestyrkene, som har hatt Skallum gård under bevoktning siden tirsdag kveld. Han fortalte ved arrestasjonen at Lie og Rogstad ikke lenger levde.
Skallum ggård, der de tre nazister hadde forskanset seg i hovedbygningen bak bunkers og jordminer, eies av direktør C. W. Eger og ligger ca. en kilometer ovenfor Stabekk jernbanestasjon. Under forhandlingene hadde gruppesjefen og aksjonssjefen et møte med de tre innesluttede inne på eiendommen, på veien midtveis mellom hovedbygningen og hovedporten. Fra hovedporten var de to representanter for hjemmestyrkene dekket av sine gevær- og maskingeværposter. Forhandlingene førte imidlertid ikke til noe resultat, da nazistene prøvde å stille betingelser for overgivelse. De fikk da betenkningstid til fredag kl. 19.00.
Opprinnelig var Lie, Rogstad og Riisnæs beskyttet av et antall statspolitifolk. Men de var rømt før hjemmestyrkene kom til. Ved hovedporten fant man uniformene til to av dem nedgravd. De hadde skiftet på seg sivilt tøy før flukten.
Klokken nitten gav sjefen pr. telefon de tre nazistledere beskjed om at fristen for forhandlinger var utløpt. En halv time seinere så vaktene ved hovedporten en mann komme sakte gående nedover fra gården med armene i været. På anrop svarte han:
- Det er ikke farlig.
I samme øyeblikk kom gruppesjefen til stede og tok ham i forvaring. På spørsmålet om hvor de to andre var, svarte Riisnæs:
- Jeg har valgt å overgi meg og stå til ansvar for mine gjerninger. Minister Lie døde for kort tid siden, og Rogstad har skutt seg.
Riisnæs virket meget nedfor og trett. Han var ikke beruset på dette tidspunkt, og ble øyeblikkelig kjørt til områdestaben for videre forhør.
Litt seinere kjørte aksjonssjef og gruppesjef opp til hovedbygningen til Skallum for å finne de angivelig døde, Rogstad og Jonas Lie. Det var lemmer for alle vinduene, som imidlertid kunne åpnes utenfra. Man så da Rogstad og Lie ligge på gulvet i hvert sitt rom med åpen dør mellom.
Hjemmestyrkene kom først inn i Rogstads rom. Rogstad lå på ryggen på golvet med hendene på brystet. Han hadde to skuddsår i tinningene og hadde vært død i ca. en time. Det annet skudd stammet fra Riisnæs' revolver, Riisnæs forklarte under forhøret at Rogstad hadde bedt ham hjelpe seg med å dø fort.
- Og det gjorde jeg, sa Riisnæs.
I rommet ved siden av lå Jonas Lie på en papirmadrass øyensynlig død, men uten ytre tegn til skade. Han lå på ryggen med venstre arm rett utstrakt, mens høyre hånd grep om halsen som for hindre et kvelertak.
Professor Waaler forteller at Lie sannsynligvis var død av en febersykdom som han pådro seg i tropene, ved siden av overdreven nytelse av alkohol. Det er ikke sannsynlig at han har tatt noen form for gift.
Der var en slående likhet mellom Rogstad og Himmler. Begge var små av vekst, samme størrelse og form på hendene, samme slags fingeravtrykk, og samme sadistiske trekk i ansiktet.
I begge rommene hersket et forferdelig rot. Tomme akevittflasker, sigarettesker, fyrstikker, våpen- og uniformsdeler lå slengt utover gulvet. Det må ha hersket en fullstendig oppløst tilstand hos de tre naziledere siden kapitulasjonsdagen. Likene ble hentet av hjemmestyrkene klokken 1.30 om natten, og kjørt til Rikshospitalet.
En av hjemmestyrkens folk talte med Rogstad i telefonen torsdag. Samtalen belyser interessant de tre nazisters sinnstilstand i ventetiden. Rogstad uttalte til vår hjemmelsmann at de med sine forhandlinger ikke ville oppnå annet enn å få leve videre som fri menn.
De ville ellers forsvare seg til siste mann, og det var mulig at de også ville sprenge Skallum gård i lufta. Rogstad virket under samtalen forferdelig engstelig og nervøs. Stemmen skjalv merkbart, og han pustet stakkato og anstrengt. Samtalen berørte også politiske spørsmål, og Rogstad var blitt utrolig moderat etter oppholdet på Skallum. På spørsmålet om hva de foretok seg, svarte Rogstad at de røykte, drakk og snakket hyggelig sammen og dessuten holdt vakt ved sine maskingeværstillinger.
SISTE INTERVJU MED JONAS LIE
En dansk journalist hadde som korrespondent for Reuter for et par dager siden en telefonsamtale med Jonas Lie på Skallum gård i Bærum. Vi har fått anledning til å gjengi et utdrag av intervjuet.
Det er vel ikke Lie ubekjent, spurte journalisten, at De blir gjort ansvarlig for de mange dødsdommer i Norge under okkupasjonen?
- Nei. Misforstå meg ikke. Jeg skal ikke i mitt livs kanskje siste time pynte på meg selv, men jeg må anføre at samtlige anholdte er blitt stilt for en helt vanlig upartisk og uavhengig domstol, slik som loven foreskriver.
- Har Lie mulighet for å kunne endre dødsdommene til fengsel, slik loven foreskriver?
- Nei, slett ikke. Avgjørelsen for dette lå bare hos Quisling.
- Fant den beryktede tortur sted med Deres vitende?
- Nei, jeg har aldri torturert noen. Det var jo to seksjoner i landet, den norske og den tyske.
- Vil Lie dermed antyde at det bare er tyskere som har gjort slikt?
- Akkurat.
- Da kan jeg opplyse at jeg på Grini i går har talt med lemlestede norske patrioter, som var gjort til livsvarige invalider av quislinger.
- Så. Det kan jeg ikke tro. Det må i så tilfelle være et enkelt uheldig individ.
- Hvorledes har samarbeidet med Quisling vært.
- I det store og hele godt. Ministerpresidenten fulgte alltid min innstilling.
- Mener De virkelig det?
- Ja, det gjør jeg.
- Ja, men det vil jo si at herr Lie så kunne endret dødsdommene ved å anbefale ansøkningene?
Her ble Lie for første gang under mine tre samtaler med ham svar skyldig.
- For å spørre rett fram, - hvordan har De tenkt at situasjonen for Deres vedkommende skal slutte?
- De kan meddele at vi lar oss ikke ta levende under de herskende uverdige forhold, og lar oss ikke føre til Møllergata. Vi her i huset innrømmer at vår sak har tapt og vi er rede til å ta konsekvensene.
Til slutt fikk journalisten veksle noen ord med Rogstad som ble spurt om hvordan stemningen i huset var.
- Jo da, svarte Rogstad, den er det ikke noe i veien med. Men vi har de siste tre døgn bare regnet livet fra halvtime til halvtime.
of some roast duck and a BCS Title. WAR EAGLE.
2010 National Champion AUBURN TIGERS
Nature Winner in PvN!!!
(Taken at the Audubon Zoo, New Orleans)
© Copyright rsr418. This image is not to be used by any party other than Flickr for any reason unless consent is given from rsr418.
THE LIE MACHINE (2014)
Suitcase, computer, speaker, Voice Stress Analysis software, autobiographical read-by-the author audiobooks (Palin, Obama, Clinton, Bush)
Voice Stress Analysis (VSA) is a highly contested and controversial lie detection technology. Through the detection of variations in the microtremors of speech, truthfulness is evaluated through analysis of live or recorded voice. As a result, the technique can be applied surreptitiously, even posthumously, to the vast storehouses of spoken audio available.
The Lie Machine processes recorded audio with standard Voice Stress Analysis algorithms. The archive chosen for this analysis is a set of audiobook autobiographies, each read by its author: Decision Points by George W. Bush, Going Rogue: An American Life by Sarah Palin, A Journey: My Political Life by Tony Blair, My Life by Bill Clinton, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream by Barack Obama.
The title, “The Lie Machine” is taken from a 1973 Playboy Magazine article by Craig Vetter of the same name, on the subject of the Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE). The PSE was the first commercially available VSA-based instrument, “designed to fit into a Samsonite briefcase.” The algorithm gained notoriety recently in the U.S. trial of George Zimmerman for the charge of the second-degree murder of Trayvon Martin, where Zimmerman was cleared of the charges based partly on his successful passing of a CVSA test (Computer Voice Stress Analysis).
“We are not concerned with the guilt or innocence of a suspect, only in whether or not he seems to be lying. He’s either D.I. or N.D.I. -- deception indicated or no deception indicated.” (Playboy, 1973)
The project was produced and supported by LEAP Berlin. Many thanks to John McKiernan, Daniel Franke at LEAP, as well as Samo Tadin and Tuk Bredsdorff in Copenhagen, for their interests, generosity and contributions.
Opening: Friday 04.4.2014, 19:00
Exhibition:05.04.2014 – 26.04.2014, 12:00 – 18:00 Tuesday-Saturday
Participating Artists:
Jamie Allen, James Auger and Jimmy Loizeau, Ralf Baecker, Rosemary Lee, Sascha Pohflepp and Chris Woebken, Addie Wagenknecht
_____________________________________________________________
The group exhibition Obsessive Sensing features works which as their basis look at the programming of the world as an expression of artistic research. The participating artists aim to ‘’sense’’ with the help of complex systems and thus to reimagine how we perceive the world. How do we go about sensing that which we cannot perceive? This is reflected in the idea of technical images, as described by Vilém Flusser – the preparation of the information which we cannot perceive for our senses. ‘’This can be achieved neither with hands nor with eyes nor with fingers, for these elements are neither graspable, nor are they visible. For this reason, apparatuses must be developed that grasp the ungraspable, visualize the invisible, and conceptualize the inconceivable.’’ (Vilém Flusser, Into the Universe of Technical Images)
(Photos by LEAP)
The 'Park of Honour of Those Who Were Shot'
Memorial and graves of resistance heroes and martyrs - brave Jews, brave Christians, dissidents, anti-fascists, socialists, rebels, samizdat journalists and organisers - those who dared to question and fight oppression, and the evil Powers That Be.
Here you see the faces of my brothers, my own dear family, my partners in fighting sheer political evil - resting in their graves here, in perhaps the most poignant place in all of Brussels, Belgium. Here lie those in Belgium who were shot fighting the Nazis of the 1940s - as I myself have nearly been killed fighting the more recent fascists, some of the 'new Nazis' of the 21st century.
Shortly after I arrived in Brussels as a political refugee from the US, under threat of murder by far-right political figures, this is one of the first places I visited. I came here to weep some tears amid the companionship of my anti-fascist comrades, who also looked death in the eye as they tried to speak and act for what is right.
The camera used here, and the chance to make these photos, are gifts of the brave dissident US Jewish physician, Dr Moshe 'Moss' David Posner, who risked and gambled his own life, to support me and help keep me alive in the face of threats by neo-Nazi assassins.
These are photos from the daily life of writer and political refugee from the US, Dr Les (Leslie) Sachs - photos documenting my new beloved home city of Brussels, Belgium, my life among the people and Kingdom who have given me safety in the face of the threats to destroy me. Brussels has a noble history of providing a safe haven to other dissident refugee writers, such as Victor Hugo, Karl Marx, Charles Baudelaire, and Alexandre Dumas, and I shall forever be grateful that Brussels and Belgium have helped to protect my own life as well.
(To read about the efforts to silence me and my journalism, the attacks on me, the smears and the threats, see the website by European journalists "About Les Sachs" linked in my Flickr profile, and press articles such as "Two EU Writers Under Threat of Murder: Roberto Saviano and Dr Les Sachs".)
This extremely moving memorial and gravesite, is known locally as the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusillerden (Brussels is bi-lingual French- and Dutch-speaking, so place names are given in both languages here.) - In English, the name is perhaps best rendered as the "Park of Honour of Those Who Were Shot".
The Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden includes many martyrs of the Belgian resistance of World War II, being both their gravesite and also the place where many of them were shot to death by a Nazi firing squad. - And it is also a memorial and the place of death, of other heroic figures who were shot to death in the previous German occupation of Belgium during World War I. One heroine from the First World War who was shot by the Germans and is now commemorated here, is the famous British nurse Edith Cavell.
The reason that this was a convenient place of execution by firing squad, is that it was originally part of a Belgian military training area and rifle range that existed here once upon a time, and you still see here the tall hillside that served as an earthen 'backstop' to safely absorb high-powered rifle bullets. The hillside was thus ready-made for the German commandants who occupied Brussels in both wars, to carry out their firing-squad executions.
Nowadays, the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden appears quite 'central' in urban Brussels, as it lies in the Schaerbeek - Schaarbeek commune, directly in the path from the EU institution area toward the roads that lead to the airport, and very near to the 90-metre high VRT-RTBF communications tower that has long been a major Brussels landmark.
The Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden is walking distance from the eastern Brussels 'prémétro', which is a grouping of tram lines that run underground for several stops on both the eastern and western sides of the Brussels city centre, supplementing the regular métro underground system with a similarly high frequency of service and also underground. If you continue along the prémétro lines south from the Diamant stop which is near the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden, you shortly arrive at the elaborate 19th-century military barracks buildings which once housed the soldiers who used the rifle range and parade grounds, which later become the place of martyrdom for members of the anti-Nazi resistance.
This is a place of great emotion for me personally, because the resistance martyrs who lie in these graves - a number of them socialists, journalists and with Jewish-heritage, critics of corruption just like myself - are my comrades in my own ordeal. I barely escaped alive out of the USA, nearly murdered by neo-Nazi-linked thugs, who themselves spoke favourably of Hitler as they moved toward killing me, as well as trying to ban my ability to write and speak.
It is sad that this place, Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden, is very little visited nowadays. Most of the time when I come here to contemplate and shed a few tears amid my comrades, and also to gain strength from their brave spirits, I am alone. Many of the family members and children of those who died or are buried here, have now themselves often passed away.
But on occasion there are people visiting, and on one day I was privileged to meet the daughter of one of the resistance martyrs who is buried here. She spoke to me of being a little girl, and seeing the Nazis arrest her father inside their home. She spoke about how they tied his hands behind his back, and yet how bravely he looked at her one last time. - She never saw her father alive again, and she is now in her seventies. - But when she spoke of her father, her voice grew energised and strong. She said she remembered the day of her father's arrest like if it was yesterday. And as she spoke, I could feel it and almost see it, as if I had been there myself.
The heroes in these graves are quite alive for me still. I am a religious man, a person of faith, and I believe in the life hereafter. - Many people have been afraid to help me, abandoning me to be murdered by the powerful forces of the American government - people too frightened to dare oppose the deadly US power of global assassination, the vicious US global media slandering of a dissident's reputation - Yet when I walk here at the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden, I feel myself amid a powerful throng of comrades, among brave people who understand me, people who know what it is like to be menaced with murder and to look death straight in the eye. - I feel the spirits in these graves support me and sustain me, that they welcome me as one among themselves.
It is my privilege now to honour these brave companions of mine, giving their memory some further renown and support. And I have wanted very much to do so, as the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden still is in need of expanded documentation on the Web, before some of what can be seen here fades away much further.
One of the most powerful aspects of visiting this tree-lined and grassy cemetery and memorial, is that you see on a number of the grave markers, not only names and comments from loved ones, but in some cases actual pictures of these brave people, pictures rendered into sepia-type photos on porcelain. Though efforts were made to make these photographs permanent, the elements and the years and decades have taken their toll. Many of the pictures are now faded, or cracked, or broken, or fallen on the ground from their mountings. In one case I held a cracked porcelain image together with one hand, while taking the photo with the other hand. The years are passing, and I have wanted to document the faces of these brave heroes before they disappear, before time takes a greater toll on this place of sacred honour.
You look into the eyes of these brave people, and you see and feel the spirit of true bravery, of genuine resistance of oppression, resistance to the point of death, their hope that sacrificing one's own life in the fight, will yet do some good for others in the world. Look into their eyes, and you see their faces, faces of real people, quite like anyone in some ways, but in other ways very special, with a light in them that carries far beyond their own death - people who yet had the fire of faith in that Greater than mere earthly existence.
In this hillside that you see in the photos - the hillside in front of which many of these heroes stood in the moment as they were shot to death - in that hillside is a large memorial marker to the heroes of World War I who died here. On that marker it says:
Ici tomberent
sous les balles allemandes
35 héros victimes de leur
attachement à la patrie
Hier vielen
onder de duitse kogels
35 helden ten offer
aan hun liefde voor het vaderland
Here fell 35 heroes
who offered their lives
for their country
shot by the Germans
You'll notice that the 4th name down on the marker is that of Edith Louisa Cavell (1865-1915), with just her initial and last name and the date of her death here, on 12 October 1915:
Cavell E. 12-10-1915
The banners that you see here, in the colours of red, yellow, and black, are in the three colours of the national flag of Belgium
There are 17 rows of graves here at the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden, 12 on the upper level closer to the hillside, and then five on the lower level below. Between the upper and lower levels is an obelisk serving as a kind of centre for the memorial as a whole. On the obelisk it says, on one side in Dutch, on the other side in French:
Opgericht door de Verbroedering van de Vriendenkringen der Nazikampenen Gevangenissen
XXVe Verjaring
April 1970
Erigé par le Fraternelle des Amicales de Camps et Prisons Nazis
XXVe Anniversaire
April 1970
In English this would be:
Constructed by the Association of Friends of Those in the Nazi Camps and Prisons
25th Anniversary
April 1970
Around this obelisk lay some faded but still visibly grand wreaths, placed here by the highest figures of Belgian public life. One great wreath at the centre, placed here by the King of the Belgians, Albert II, and his wife Paola, whose royal household has very quietly but effectively supplied some of the protection for me in Belgium, that has so far prevented me from being murdered here by foreign powers. - You see the ribbon say simply 'Albert - Paola'.
And another large wreath has a ribbon saying 'la Gouvernement - de Regering', from the government of Belgium.
Though many of the resistance martyrs buried here, were shot by firing squad right on this spot, a number of these martyrs died in other places, most especially in the Belgian concentration camp at Breendonk (Breendonck), which due to its stone structure is one of the best-preserved Nazi concentration camps. Breendonk can be visited today, about 40 kilometres north of Brussels in the direction of Antwerp, very near the Willebroek train station.
Among the graves here, a number are of heroes of the anti-Nazi resistance whose names are unknown: 'Inconnu - Onbekend' say the grave markers in French and in Dutch. In one row, there are six unknowns side-by-side; and then the entire final last row of the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden, is all the resting place of unknown heroes, 21 altogether.
In any struggle against oppressive government, there are often unknown heroes. - And as I myself am a victim of brutal deceptive media smear campaigns, as well as the US regime ordering search engines to suppress my own websites, I can testify as to how hard the evil powers work, to try to see that those who fight the system, remain unknown, or else smeared and slandered with propaganda and lies.
There are perhaps yet other heroes of the World War II resistance, whose anonymous graves somewhere, may yet one day be found. One of the photos here is of a maintenance area by the side, where fresh grave markers are ready, some with crosses, some with a star of David, awaiting use for some other hero whose remains are yet to be discovered.
In addition to the photographs on the grave markers, which speak for themselves, a number of the graves are also marked with heartfelt statements by those who loved and honoured them. Most are in French, and with photos where there are such engraved statements, there are transcriptions of what you find, along with a translation.
Many of these resistance martyrs to the Nazis who lie here, are of course Jewish. The majority are Christians of Belgium, but a significant proportion of the heroes who lie here, are Jewish resistance martyrs of the Holocaust. And even more than one from the same family - the Livchitz brothers who lie here. Moreover, some of the Christians who are buried here, are of Jewish heritage as well - as I am myself, a unitarian Christian.
My own heritage on my mother's side is Jewish, and it was my commitment to honour the memory of relatives and other Jews who died in the Holocaust, that led to my being forced to become a political refugee from the United States. - Back when living in the US, I received a letter threatening the book-burning of the books of this Jewish-heritage writer, and I responded strongly. A few weeks later my freedom to speak and write was banned, and threats to extort and murder me were put in motion. This story has been told in other places (see link to press articles in my profile), but suffice it to say here, that it was my honouring the memory of murdered Jews, which led me to be a Jewish-heritage political refugee today in Brussels.
Though I am unitarian Christian by faith, the old Jewish sites of Brussels and Belgium strike deep chords within me, as I very much feel the spirit of the Jews who suffered and died under the kind of racist threats I have also suffered.
One of the things I am often-asked, as a Jewish-heritage political refugee, is why the Jewish groups and Jewish leaders, do not say or do more to defend me, against the threats to have me murdered, against the lies and hoaxes spread about me, against the blocking of my own journalism sites from the internet search engines. - For example, in my efforts to stay alive these last few years, I have received much more comfort and assistance and support from brave Muslims, than from the Jewish people who share my own heritage.
There are two main reasons for this kind of neglect of someone like myself by Jewish leaders. One is that I am not a political Zionist - I favour peace and justice for all the residents of the ancient holy lands of Palestine. - A second reason, is that there is a sad heritage among Jewish people, to stand by and do nothing while other Jews are attacked by the dominant power of the day. - It was that way in the old pogroms of Eastern Europe, it was that way under the Nazi-era exterminations, and it is that way today regarding the case of the United States. - Since it is the US regime which has been attacking me and forcing me to be a refugee here, Jewish 'leadership' simply does not want to confront the USA. Given that I am a non-Zionist, and a unitarian Christian in faith, well, that settles it as far as Jewish leaders are concerned, and they turn away and say nothing.
There are still some brave Jews, however, like one brave Orthodox Jewish physician in America, a friend who has helped me to be able to be here now, supplying these photographs of the Jewish and other martyrs of anti-Nazi resistance.
And the Jewish heritage is there in me, and I am glad I honoured the memory of the Holocaust dead, even though it led me into terrible sufferings at the hands of US political figures and the US regime.
There is a sense of profound spiritual achievement that I have, as I place on-line this historical record of the martyrs of the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden. It is perhaps only by the grace of God that I was able to escape the US alive, from the clutches of the people menacing to illegally jail me and murder me in a US jail cell. - My now being able to honour the memory of my fellow anti-fascist figures in Belgium, who were shot dead by the Nazis of an earlier era, feels to me to be one of the important purposes, for which I was kept alive by divine hands.
To visit the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden, you can walk about 600 metres from the Diamant 'prémétro' or underground tram stop which includes tram lines 23, 24, and 25. If you wish to get even closer by bus, you can take buses number 12, 21, or 79 the two stops from Diamant to the Colonel Bourg - Kolonel Bourg bus shelter sign. Alternatively, if you are in the EU area, you can take these same buses 12, 21 or 79 directly from the Schuman métro station by the EU's main Berlaymont building. Another route is that bus 80 from the Mérode metro station will also take you directly to the Colonel Bourg - Kolonel Bourg stop. A few tens of metres west of where the bus halts, along the rue Colonel Bourg - Kolonel Bourgstraat, you see the sign directing to the entrance of the Enclos des Fusillés - Ereperk der Gefusilleerden.
E se vai all'Hotel Supramonte e guardi il cielo
tu vedrai una donna in fiamme e un uomo solo
e una lettera vera di notte falsa di giorno
poi scuse accuse e scuse senza ritorno
e ora viaggi ridi, vivi o sei perduta
col suo ordine discreto dentro il cuore
ma dove dov'è il tuo amore, ma dove è finito il tuo amore?
F. De André
Lie Detectors taldearen kontzertu argazkiak, Gazteszenako Ttan-ttakun festan...
Fotos de concierto del grupo Lie Detectors, en la fiesta Ttan-ttakun de Gazteszena...
Yashica Electro 35 MC with f/2.8 40mm Yashinon-DX lens. Very compact; much smaller than the big Electro 35 rangefinder. Zone focus w. symbols in the VF. Aperture priority automatic.
Lier is a Belgian city located in the province of Antwerp. The city is said to have been founded in the 11th century. In 1212, the Duke of Brabant Henri I granted an urban charter to the inhabitants. The fourteenth century was a period of prosperity for the city: construction of a cloth hall in 1367, a belfry in 1369 and a second rampart in 1389. The prosperity of the city was based on the drapery industry and on the existence of a cattle market, which had been granted to it by the Dukes of Brabant.
De Heilige Familiekerk - of simpelweg Heilige Familie - is een neogotische parochiekerk in de Belgische stad Lier. De kerk ligt aan de rand van de stad aan het kruispunt van de Berlaarsesteenweg en de Lierse Ring.
Geschiedenis,
Met de bouw van de kerk werd aangevangen in 1902 en twee jaar later in 1904 was ze voltooid. De kerk werd gebouwd omdat het inwonersaantal van Lier was toegenomen en de stad hierdoor uitgebreid. Rond die periode werden twee nieuwe parochies gesticht: de Heilige Familie en het Heilig Hart.
Ze is van de hand van de Lierse architect Edward Careels. De kerk is opgetrokken in natuursteen uit Montauban. Het interieur is afgewerkt met Euvillesteen.
De kerk is met haar opbouw als driebeukige hallenkerk met kruisribgewelven een uitzondering binnen de neogotische kerkenbouw. Ook de atypisch geplaatste toren tegen de zuidgevel en de ingebouwde biechtstoelen geven het exterieur van de kerk een extra dimensie. De toren staat namelijk niet centraal. Opvallend zijn ook de venstertraceringen naar gevarieerde neogotische patronen.[1]
Beschermd erfgoed,
In 2009 werd de kerk beschermd als monument.
Oh dear I've been busted.... they found my book "Great Lies to Tell Small Kids" and have started using it.
Such gems as "Milk feels pain" and "Wine makes Mummy clever" plus my personal favourite: "Once the tooth fairy went to get one of Dracula's teeth but it was very dark in his castle and she cut herself on the fang by mistake and ever since then she's been the BLOOD-SUCKING VAMPIRE FAIRY.... anyway, goodnight!"
You don't really think anyone is going to open a church in this weather? Said Jools. And at about the same time, a warden's wife was saying, you're not going to go and open the church are you? No one will visit a church on a day like this.
So, the madness of man wins out, as I did visit and found that the warden had just opened the church.
Sadly, Great Mongehmam wasn't open later, but looked interesting enough to demand a return visit ASAP.
As I now know, any settlement ending with "bourne" should have a stream source or running through it. And that is the case here, a winterbourne, though not as frequently running as the Nailbourne rises here and flows to Sandwich.
Northbourne lies to the west of Deal, in a patchwork of fields and woods that is most pleasant. It used to be near to Tilmanstone Colliery and the Davy Lamp hanging in the chanel remembers this.
I walk into the porch and there is the warden helpfully hanging the "church open" sign on the door. Come to visit the church he asked. Yes, is there one nearby, I quipped.
He showed me some interesting details, shred a bit of histor, then began his long walk back to Finglesham.
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One of the few cruciform churches to have been built in Kent in the twelfth century, on the site of, and incorporating fragments of, a Saxon building. Curtains help shut off parts of the church during the winter months. There is a good mass dial by the main door. The Lady Chapel contains the monument to Sir Edwin Sandys and his wife (d. 1629). It is one of the best of its date in Kent and shows the pair in recumbent position hand in hand. Surprisingly the wordy inscription was not added until 1830! The chancel was refitted in the mid-nineteenth century but the east window shows good quality medieval stonework of thirteenth-century date.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Northbourne
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NORTHBORNE,
USUALLY called Norborne, as it is written in the survey of Domesday, lies the next parish westward from Little Mongeham, being so called from the north borne, or stream, which runs from hence into the river at Sandwich. There are four boroughs in it, Norborne, Finglesham, Asheley, and Tickness, or Tickenhurst, for each of which a borsholder is chosen at the manor court of Norborne.
THIS PARISH lies for the most part exceedingly dry and healthy, in a fine uphill, open and pleasant country, though it extends northward towards Howbridge and Foulmead, into a low country of wet ground and marsh lands. It is a large parish, for although it is very long and narrow, extending only a mile and an half from east to west, yet it is full five miles from north to south, till it joins Waldershare and Whitfield. The part of this parish containing the borough, hamlet, and manor of Tickenhurst, is separated from the rest of it by the parishes of Eastry, Ham, and Betshanger, intervening; and there is a small part of the parish of Goodneston within this of Norborne, and entirely surrounded by it. The soil of this parish being so very extensive, must necessarily vary much. It is, however, much inclined to chalk, and is throughout it very hilly; though much of it is very light earth, yet there is a great deal of rich fertile land in the lower part of it northward. There is much uninclosed land and open downs interspersed throughout it. The street of Norborne, having the church and vicarage-house within it, and containing twentysix houses, is situated at the north-east boundary of the parish. Near it is Norborne-court, the almonry or parsonage, and a house and estate, called the Vine farm, now in the possession of the hon. lady Frances Benson.
Besides this, there are several other streets, hamlets, and eminent farms, within the bounds of this parish, of which, those most worthy of notice, the reader will find described hereafter.
THE MANOR OF NORBORNE, which is of very large extent, was given in the year 618, by Eadbald, king of Kent, by the description of a certain part of his kingdom, containing thirty plough lands, called Northborne, to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, in which monastery his father lay, and where he had ordered himself to be buried. In this state it con tinued at the time of taking the survey of Domesday, in the 15th year of the Conqueror's reign, in which it is entered under the general title of the land of the church of St. Augustine, as follows:
In the lath of Estrea. In Cornelest hundred.
The abbot himself holds Norborne. It was taxed at thirty sulings. The arable land is fifty-four carucates. In demesne there are three, and seventy-nine villeins, with forty-two borderers, having thirty-seven carucates. There are forty acres of meadow, and wood for the pannage of ten hogs.
In the time of king Edward the Consessor, it was worth four times twenty pounds; when he received it twenty pounds; now seventy-six pounds.
Of the lands of the villeins of this manor, Oidelard holds one suling, and there he has two carucates, with eleven borderers..... It is worth four pounds. .... Of the same land of the villeins, Gislebert holds two sulings, all but half a yoke, and there he has one carucate, and four villeins, with one carucate. It is worth six pounds.
Wadard holds of this manor three sulings, all but sixty acres of the land of the villeins, and there he has one carucate, and eight villeins, with one carucate and two servants. It is worth nine pounds; but he pays no service to the abbot, except thirty shillings, which he pays in the year.
Odelin holds of the same land of the villeins one suling, and there he has one carucate, with three borderers..... It is worth three pounds.
Marcherius holds of the same land of the villeins what is worth eight shillings.
Osbern the son of Letard holds half a suling, and eleven acres of meadow, of the land of the villeins, which is worth twenty-five shillings. He pays to the abbot fifteen shillings.
Rannulf de Colubers holds one yoke .......worth fifty pence.
Rannulf de Ualbadon holds one yoke, and pays from thence fifty pence.
The above-mentioned Oidelard holds also of this manor one suling, and it is called Bevesfel, and there he has two carucates, with ten borderers. It is worth six pounds.
In the reign of king Edward II. the 7th of it, anno 1313, the abbot claimed upon a quo warranto, in the iter of H. de Stanton and his sociates, justices itinerant, and was allowed sundry liberties therein mentioned in this manor, among others, and the view of frank-pledge, and likewise wrec of the sea in this manor in particular, in like manner as has been mentioned before in the description of the several manors belonging to the monastery, in the former parts of this History. (fn. 1) And the liberty of the view of frankpledge was in particular further confirmed by that king, in his 10th year.
King Edward III. in his 5th year, anno 1330, exempted the men and tenants of this manor from their attendance at the turne of the sheriff, before made by the borsholder, with four men of each borough within it; and directed his writ to Roger de Reynham, then sheriff, commanding that in future they should be allowed to perform the same with one man only.
In the 8th year of king Richard II. the measurement of the abbot and convent's lands at Nordburne, with 208 acres of wood, was 2179 acres and an half and one rood.
Salamon de Ripple, a monk of this monastery, being, about the 10th year of king Edward III. appointed by the abbot keeper of this manor, among others, made great improvements in many of them, and in particular he new built the barns here, and a very fair chapel, from the foundations. But after wards, in the year 1371, their great storehouses here, full of corn, were, by the negligence of a workman, entirely burnt down; the damage of which was estimated at one thousand pounds.
After which, I find nothing further in particular relating to this manor, which continued part of the possessions of the monastery, till its final dissolution, in the 30th year of king Hen. VIII. when it was surrendered into the king's hands, with whom this manor continued but a small time; for the king, in his 31st year, granted it, with the parsonage or rectory, to archbishop Cranmer, in exchange, and it remained parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, till archbishop Parker, in the 3d year of queen Elizabeth, reconveyed it to the crown, in exchange. After which, the manor itself, with its courts, franchises, and liberties, continued in the crown, till king Charles I. in his 5th year, granted it in fee to William White and others, to hold, as of his manor of East Greenwich, by sealty only, in free and common socage, and not in capite, or by knight's service; (fn. 2) and they that year sold it to Stephen Alcocke, gent. of London, who next year passed it away by sale, with some exceptions, to Edward Boys, gent. of Betshanger, to hold of the king in like manner, as above-mentioned. His descendant, Edward Grotius Boys, dying s. p. in 1706, gave it by will to his kinsman, Thomas Brett, LL. D. of Spring grove, and he, in 1713, alienated it to Salmon Morrice, esq. afterwards an admiral of the British navy, and of Betshanger, whose grandson William Morrice, esq. died possessed of it in 1787, unmarried; upon which it came to his only brother, James Morrice, clerk, who is the present owner of this manor.
The fee-farm rent reserved when this manor was granted away by the crown, came into the hands of the earl of Ilchester, who in 1788 sold it to the Rev. Mr. Morrice, the present owner of this manor; so there is now no fee-farm rent paid for it.
A court leet and court baron is yearly held for it; at the former of which, two constables, one for the upper half hundred, and the other for the lower half hundred of Cornilo, are chosen. The present manorhouse is a small cottage in Norborne-street, built upon the waste for that purpose.
NORTHBORNE-COURT, usually called Norborne abbey, from its having belonged to the abbey of St. Augustine, was the antient court-lodge of the manor, before they were separated by different grants from the crown. It is said to have been in the time of the Saxons the palace of king Eadbald, who gave it as above-mentioned, with the manor, to the above monastery. Accordingly, Leland, in his Itinerary, says, (fn. 3) "A ii myles or more fro Sandwich from Northburn cummeth a fresch water yn to Sandwich haven. At Northburn was the palayce or maner of Edbalde Ethelberts sunne. There but a few years syns (viz. in king Henry VIII.'s reign) yn breking a side of the walle yn the hawle were found ii childrens bones that had been mured up as yn burielle yn time of Paganits of the Saxons. Among one of the childrens bones was found a styffe pynne of Latin." This court-lodge, with the demesne lands of the manor, remained but a very short time in the hands of the crown, after the reconveyance of it by the archbishop, in the 3d year of queen Elizabeth, as has been mentioned above; for it was almost immediately afterwards granted by the queen, for life, to Edward Sanders, gent. her foster brother. He afterwards resided at Norborne court, having married Anne, daughter and coheir of Francis, son of Milo Pendrath of Norborne, by Elizabeth, one of the heirs of Thomas Lewin, and nurse to queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth. His ancestors had resided for some generations at Chilton, in Ash, but were originally descended from Minister, in Thanet. They bore for their arms, Or, on a chevron, gules, three mullets, argent, between three elephants heads, erased, of the second. (fn. 4) On his death, about the middle of that reign, the possession of it reverted to the crown, where it remained, till king James I. soon after his accession, granted it in see to Sir Edwin Sandys, on whom he conferred the honour of knighthood, and had given this estate, for his firm attachment to him at that time. He rebuilt this mansion, and kept his shrievalty at it, in the 14th year of king James I. and dying in the year 1629, was buried in the vault which he had made in this church for himself and his posterity, and in which most of his direct descendants were afterwards deposited. He was second son of Edwin Sandys, archbishop of York, by his second wife. The archbishop's eldest son was Samuel, who was of Worcestershire, from whom descended the lords Sandys, late of Ombersley, in that county. Two of his younger sons were, Miles Sandys, of Worcestershire, and George, the noted traveller. They bore for their arms, Or, a fess dancette, between three cross croslets, fitchee, gules.o
Sir Edwin Sandys, though he had four wives, left male issue only by his last wife. From Edwin, their second son, descended the Sandys's, of Norbornecourt; and from Richard, the third son, those of Canterbury, still remaining there. On Sir Edwin Sandys's death, in 1629, his eldest son, Henry Sandys, esq. succeeded to this estate; and on his death, s. p. his next brother, Col. Edwin Sandys, the noted rebel colonel under Oliver Cromwell, well known for his sacrilegious depredations and insolent cruelties to the royalists, who died at Norborne-court of the wound he had received in 1642, at the battle of Worcester, His grandson Sir Richard Sandys, of Norborne-court, was created a baronet in 1684, and died in 1726. By his first wife he left only four daughters his coheirs, viz. Priscilla, the eldest, married to Henry Sandys, esq. (grandson of Henry Sandys, esq. of Downe, the son of Col. Richard Sandys, the younger brother of Col. Edwin Sandys, the great grandfather of Priscilla, above-mentioned). Mary, the second daughter and coheir, married William Roberts, esq. of Harbledowne; Elizabeth, the third daughter, died unmarried soon after her father's death; and Anne, the fourth and youngest daughter, married Charles Pyott, esq. of Canterbury, and they respectively, in right of their wives, became possessed of this, among the rest of his estates, in undivided shares, by the entail made in Sir Richard Sandys's will.
The third part of Henry Sandys, in right of his wife Priscilla, descended to his son Richard Sandys, esq. of Canterbury, whose surviving sons, and daughter Susan married to Henry Godfrey Faussett, esq. of Heppington, at length succeeded to it.
The third part of William Roberts, in right of his wife Mary, descended at length to his grand-daughter Mary, only daughter of Edward Wollet, esq. who carried it in marriage to Sir Robert Mead Wilmot, bart. and on his decease came to his eldest son Sir Robert Wilmot, bart.
The remaining third part of Charles Pyott, esq. in right of his wife Anne, descended to his only daughter Anne, married to Robert Thomas Pyott, esq. of Hull, but afterwards of Canterbury.
In 1795, all the parties interested in this estate joined in conveying their respective shares to the several purchasers undermentioned: to James Tillard, esq. of Street-End Place, near Canterbury, Northborne-court lodge, farm, and lands; to Robert-Thomas Pyott, esq. Stoneheap-farm; to Wm. Wyborn, the scite of the late mansion house, gardens, and LongLane farm; to Mr. John Parker, Cold-Harbour farm; and to several other persons, the remaining small detached parts of this estate. The whole purchase-monies amounting nearly to 30,000l. The whole estate contained near 1100 acres, all tithe-free, except about forty acres.
The mansion of Norborne-court, the residence of the Sandys's, appears to have been a large and stately building. It was pulled down in 1750, and the materials sold; and the walls are all that now remain of it, forming a very considerable ruin. Near the house was a handsome chapel, formerly used by the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, when they visited this mansion, and afterwards by the Sandys family. It is at this time nearly entire, excepting the roof, which has been long since taken off.
LITTLE BETSHANGER is an estate in the western part of this parish, which was antiently accounted a manor, and had once owners of the same name; one of whom, Ralph de Betshanger, was possessed of it in king Edward II.'s reign, as was his descendant Thomas de Bethanger, in the 20th year of the next reign of king Edward III. Soon after which, Roger de Cliderow, says Philipott, was proprietor of it, as appears by the seals of old evidences, which commenced from that reign, the shields on which are upon a chevron, between three eagles, five annulets. Notwithstanding which, it appears by the gravestone over his successor, Richard Clitherow, esq. in Ash church, that the arms of these Clitherows were, Three cups covered, within a bordure, ingrailed, or; at least that he bore different arms from those of his predecessor. At length, Roger Clitherow died without male issue, leaving three daughters his coheirs; of whom Joane, the second, married John Stoughton, of Dartford, second son of Sir John Stoughton, lord-mayor of London. After which, this estate was alienated from this family of Stoughton to Gibbs, from which name it passed into that of Omer; in which it staid, till Laurence Omer, gent. of Ash, leaving an only daughter and heir Jane, she carried it in marriage to T. Stoughton, gent of Ash, afterwards of St. Martin's, Canterbury, son of Edward Stoughton, of Ash, the grandson of John Stoughton, of Dartford, the former possessor of this estate. He died in 1591, leaving three daughters his coheirs; of whom, Elizabeth was married to Thomas Wild, esq. of St. Martin's, Canterbury; Ellen to Edward Nethersole, gent. and Mary to Henry Paramore, gent. of St. Nicholas, and they by a joint conveyance passed it away to Mr. John Gookin, who about the first year of king James, alienated it to Sir Henry Lodelow, and he again, in the next year of king Charles I. sold it to Edward Boys, esq. of Great Betshanger, whole descendant Edward Grotius Boys, dying s. p. in 1706, gave it by will to his kinsman Thomas Brett, LL. D. who not long afterwards alienated it to Sir Henry Furnese, bart. of Waldershare, and his son, Sir Robert Furnese, bart. of the same place, died possessed of it in 1733. His three daughters and coheirs afterwards succeeded to his estates, on the partition of which this estate was wholly allotted, among others, to Anne, the eldest sister, wife of John, viscount St. John, which was confirmed by an act passed next year. After which it descended down to their grandson George, viscount Bolingbroke, who sold it in 1791 to Mr. Thomas Clark, the present owner of it. The house is large, and has been the residence of gentlemen; a family of the name of Boys has inhabited it for many years, Mr. John Boys now resides in it, a gentleman, whose scientific knowledge in husbandry is well known, especially by the publication of the Agricultural Society of the state of it, and its improvements in this county, for which they are, I believe, wholly indebted to him.
THE TITHES of this estate of Little Betshanger, as well great as small, belonged, with those of Finglisham in this parish, to the abbot and convent of St. Augusting, and were assigned in the year 1128 to the cloathing of the monks there; and after the dissolution of the monastery were granted together to the archbishop of Canterbury, part of whose revenues they remain at this time. (fn. 5)
Mr. Boteler, of Eastry, found near Little Betshanger, the plant astragalus glyeyphyllos, wild liquorice, or liquorice vetch, which is very scarce, and has never been observed by him any where else.
THE MANOR OF TICKENHURST, now called Tickness; in Domesday, Ticheteste, and in other antient records, Tygenhurst, is situated in the borough and hamlet of its own name. It lies most part of it in this parish, but at some distance westward from the rest of it, several parishes intervening, and partly in that of Knolton. In the time of the Conqueror, Odo, the great bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, was owner of it, and continued so at the taking of the survey of Domesday, in which this manor is thus entered in it, under the general title of the bishop's lands:
Turstin holds of the bishop Ticheteste. It was taxed at one suling and an half. The arable land is ..... In demesne there is one carucate, with four borderers, and a small wood. In the time of king Edward the Consessor it was worth four pounds, and afterwards forty shillings, now one hundred shillings. Edric de Alham held it of king Edward.
Four years after the taking of the above survey, the bishop was disgraced, and all his possessions were confiscated to the crown. After which, this manor came into the possession of a family, which took their surname from it, some of whom were witnesses to deeds of a very antient date; but they became ex tinct before the reign of king Henry VI. and it was afterwards the property of the Stoddards, ancestors of those of this name, of Mottingham, in this county, in which this manor remained for some generations, till about the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign it was alienated to Peyton, of Knolton; since which it has continued in the possession of the owners of that manor and seat, down to Sir Narborough D'Aeth, bart. now of Knolton, the present owner of it.
In the year 1074, the bishop of Baieux gave to St. Augustine's monastery, those tithes which his tenants had; i. e. the chamberlain Adelold, in the villes of Cnolton, Tickenhurst, and Ringelton, and likewise of Bedleshangre, and of Osbern Paisforer, in the small ville of Bocland, all which the king confirmed by his charter. But the tithes of Cnolton and Ringelton, William de Albiney, in process of time, being lord of the fee of those lands, took away from the monastery through his power; and the tithe of Boclonde, Roger de Malmains took away from it.
Within this borough and hamlet of Tickenhurst are two farms, called Great and Little Tickenhurst, belonging to Sir Narborough D'Aeth, bart, both which pay tithes to the almonry or parsonage of Norborne, formerly belonging to St. Augustine's monastery.
NEAR THE north west boundary of the parish is the HAMLET OF WEST-STREET, containing five houses. In it is an estate, called WEST-STREET, alias PARK GATE, the first mention that I find of which is in the will of Roger Litchfield, anno 1513, who mentions his farm of West-street. This, with another farm called Parkgate, (the buildings of which are now pulled down) stood in Ham parish. Sir Cloudesley Shovel was in later times possessed of this estate, and after his unfortunate decease, his two daughters and coheirs. On the division of their estate, Anne the youngest daughter, entitled her husband John Black wood to the possession of it. He died in 1777, and was succeeded in it by his two sons and coheirs in gavelkind, Shovel Blackwood, esq. and Col. John Blackwood, of Cheshunt, in Hertfordshire, who made a division of their inheritance; in which partition this estate of West-street, alias Parkgate, was, among others, allotted to the latter, who next year procured an act for the sale of it. After his death this estate came to his widow, who sold it in 1790 to Mr. William Nethersole, the present owner of it.
ABOUT HALF A MILE from West-street is THE HAMLET OF FINGLESHAM, containing thirty houses. It is written in the survey of Domesday, Flenguessam, in which it is thus entered, under the title of lands held of the archbishop by knight's service:
In Estrei hundred. William Folet holds of the archbishop, Flenguessam. It was taxed at half a suling. There he has six villeins, with one carucate and an half.
After this, I find no further mention of this place for some time; but in the reign of king Edward I. in the year 1288, the king granted licence to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, to appropriate to their use a messuage, and certain rents and lands in different parishes, and among others, in the tenancy of Norborne, at Fenlesham.
In later times I find that William Poyshe, of Norborne, by will in 1524, gave his place at Fynglisham, to John his son, and that Thomas Parker, late one of the jurats of Sandwich, by will in 1596, gave to Nicholas Parker, his brother's son, his house and lands in Fynglisham, called Fynglisham farm, situated in this street. His descendant, Valentine Parker, gent. resided here in 1669, and by will gave this estate to his godson, Mr. Valentine Hild, or Hoile, from whom it has descended to his great-grandson Mr. Thomas Hoile, the present owner of it.
ROBERT, abbot of St. Augustine's monastery, in king Henry III.'s reign, anno 1240, confirmed an exchange, made by his convent, of all THE TITHES of Finglesham and Little Betshangre, as well great as small, to the eleemosinary of his monastery, which tithes had before belonged to the chamberlain of it. (fn. 6) These tithes of Finglisham now belong to the archbishop, and are, with those of Little Betshanger in this parish, demised by him on a beneficial lease.
Through Finglesham, and over Howe bridge, the high road leads to Deal. From hence, the water, called the Gestling, or north stream, takes its course towards the river Stour, below Sandwich.
AT A SMALL DISTANCE southward from Finglesham, is the little HAMLET OF MARLEY, which consists of only four houses, one of which is that of GROVE, alias MARLEY FARM, the former of which is its proper name, though it is now usually called by the latter. It formerly belonged to the family of Brett. Percival Brett, of Wye, possessed it in 1630, whose descendant, Richard Brett, gent. left an only daughter Catherine, who married John Cook, formerly of Mersham, but afterwards of Canterbury, clerk. They left two daughters, Catherine, wife of Thomas Shindler, alderman of Canterbury, and Mary, and they joined in the conveyance of this estate, in 1727, to John Paramor, gent. of Statenborough; after which, it descended in like manner as Statenborough, to his niece, Mrs. Jane Hawker, afterwards the wife of John Dilnot, esq. who on her death became possessed of the see of it, which he sold in 1792, together with a farm in Finglisham, to William Boteler, esq. of Eastry, who resided here, and two years afterwards alienated them both to Mr. James Jeken, of Oxney, the present owner of them.
ABOUT A MILE south-westward, at the western boundary of this parish, is THE MANOR OF WESTCOURT, alias BURNT-HOUSE, stiled in the antient book of the Fædary of Kent, the manor of Westcourt, alias East Betshanger, and said in it to have been held of the late monastery of St. Augustine by knight's service, being then the property of Roger Litchfield, who died possessed of it in 1513, and in his will calls it a manor, since which it has always had the same owners as Great Betshanger, and is now possessed accordingly by the Rev. James Morrice.
Upon the north-north east point of the open downs adjoining to Little Betshanger are the remains of a camp, formed for the forces which lay here, under the command of Capt. Peke, to oppose the landing of the Spaniards, at the time of the armada, in 1588. About a mile further southward from hence, over an open uninclosed country, is Stoneheap, a good farm, which has long had the same owners as Norbornecourt, and is now by a late purchase, wholly vested in Robert-Thomas Pyott, esq. as has been already mentioned before. This estate is tithe-free, being most probably part of the demesnes of Norborne manor. It takes tithes of corn and grain, of eighteen acres of land in Little Mongeham, belonging to Mr. John Boys, and twenty-two acres in Norborne, late belonging to Sir Edward Dering, bart. separate from it, but by what means I know not.
AT A LIKE DISTANCE, still further southward, is WEST STUDDAL, formerly written Stodwald, an estate which some time since belonged to a branch of the numerous family of Harvey, originally of Tilmanstone, under which a further account of them may be seen. In the descendants of this family it continued down to Richard Harvey, who was afterwards of Dane-court; not long after which, this estate came into the possession of James Six, of whom it was purchased by Sir Henry Furnese, bart. of Waldershare, about the year 1707. After which it passed, in the allotment of the Furnese estates, to Sir Edward Dering, bart. who not long since conveyed it to Solley, of Sandwich, and he sold it to Mr. Thomas Packe, of Deal, whose daughter carried it in marriage to James Methurst Pointer, esq. who lately sold it to Mr. Laurence Dilnot, the present owner of it.
FROM HENCE over Maimage, but more properly Malmains down, is THE HAMLET OF ASHLEY, containing fifteen houses. In it is Ashley farm, belonging to Mrs. Elizabeth Herring. The rectory or parsonage of Ashley, called in antient records, Essela, was part of the possessions of the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, with whom it continued till the dissolution of that abbey, anno 30 Henry VIII. After which it was granted to the archbishop, of whom it is now held on a beneficial lease; the interest in which belongs to Isaac Bargrave, esq. of Eastry, in right of his late wife Sarah, sister and coheir of Robert Lynch, M. D. of Canterbury, and to Mrs. Elizabeth Herring above-mentioned, the other sister and coheir. This lease consists of the glebe of land, with the tithes of the hamlet of Ashley, West Studdal, Minacre, Napchester, and of others in Little Mungeham.
SOUTHWARD from the above, is THE HAMLET OF MINACRE, sometimes spelt Minaker, one moiety, or half of which, was formerly the property of Silkwood, and was purchased of one of them by Sir Robert Furnese, bart. of Waldershare. Since which it has passed in like manner as the rest of the Furnese estates in this county, which came to the late earl of Guildford, by his marriage with the countess of Rockingham, one of Sir Robert Furnese's daughters and coheirs, and his grandson the present right hon. George Augustus, earl of Guildford, is now owner of it.
The other moiety, or half of this hamlet, belongs to Mr. Leonard Woodward, of Ashley.
Still further southward, at the utmost limits of this parish, is another hamlet of five houses, called NAPCHESTER, which adjoins to the parishes of Walder share and Whitfield, the principal farm of which belongs to the earl of Guildford. There are no fairs kept in this parish.
Charities.
SIR RICHARD SANDYS, bart. of this parish, by will in 1726, gave to the churchwardens and overseers 5l. to be laid out in buying coals at the cheapest time of the year, and to be by them sold out to the poor at the same price that they cost, and the monies arising from such sale to be a fund, to be yearly employed for the same purpose.
The poor constantly relieved are about twenty-five, casually thirty.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sandwich.
The church, which is exempted from the archdeacon, is dedicated to St. Augustine. It is a large goodly building, consisting of a nave, chancel, and transept, having a large square tower in the middle, which has probably been much higher. There are five bells in it. The church is built of flint, with quoins, door, and window cases of ashler squared stone; some arches of the windows are pointed, some circular, and some with zig-zag ornaments. The western arch of the tower is pointed with triple dancette ornaments; the others circular. The chancel is repaired by the archbishop's lessee of the almonry. In the south transept, which is repaired by the Sandys's family, is a large vault, in which are deposited their remains. Over it is a most costly and sumptuous monument, having at the back a plain blank tablet; on the tomb the recumbent essigies of a knight in armour and his lady in a loose mantle. Above the pediment, and in other places, several shields of arms, with the coat of Sandys, with quarterings and impalements. This tomb is for Sir Edwin Sandys, second son of Edwin, archbishop of York. He had a grant of Norborne court from king James I. and died in 1639. (His marriages and issue have been already mentioned before). This monument was erected by him in his life time; but he who erected this sumptuous monument, and added the provisional blank tablet and escutcheons on it, with a thought of securing to himself and his posterity a king of immortality, left not one behind him, of all his numerous children, who had the least veneration for him, or respect for his memory; both the tablet and escutcheons remaining a blank at this time. In the nave is a memorial for Richard Harvie of Eastry, obt. 1675. In the church-yard are three altar-tombs, one for George Shocklidge, A. M. vicar forty-nine years, ob. 1772; arms, Three fishes, their heads conjoined in fess, their tails extended into the corners of the escutcheon; and the other two for the family of Gibbon.
The church of Norborne, with its chapels of Cotmanton and Sholdon, was antiently appendant to the manor, and was in early times appropriated to the abbey of St. Augustine; and in 1128, anno 29 king Henry I. was assigned by Hugh, the abbot of it, to the use of the eleemosinary or almonry belonging to it, which almonry was an hospital, built just without the gate of the monastery, for the reception of strangers and the poor resorting to it from all parts, and the relief of the weak and infirm.
After this, there were continual disputes between the abbots of this monastery and the several archbishops, concerning their respective privileges and jurisdictions relating to the churches belonging to it, among others, to this of Norborne, which at last ended in the allowance of the abbot's exemption from all such jurisdiction; archbishop Arundel in 1397 pronouncing a definitive sentence in the abbot's favour; all which may be found inserted at large in Thorne's Chronicle. (fn. 7)
In the year 1295, the abbot made an institution of several new deanries, for the purpose of apportioning the churches belonging to his monastery to each of them, as exempt from the jurisdiction of the archbishop; in which institution this church was included in the new deanry of Sturry. This caused great contentions between the abbots and the several archbishops, which at last ended in the total abolition of this new institution.
In which state this appropriation, with the advowson of the vicarage, remained, till the final dissolution of the abbey in the 30th year of king Henry VIII. when it came into the king's hands, whence the parsonage appropriate, otherwise called the Almonry farm, was granted the next year in exchange to the archbishop, and it remains parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury at this time.
But the advowson of the vicarage of this church, being excepted out of the above grant, remained in the crown, till king Edward VI. in his 1st year granted it, being an advowson in gross, to the archbishop, in whose successors it has continued to this time, his grace the archbishop being the present patron of it.
¶Though the church of Norborne was so early appropriated to the use of the almonry, as has been mentioned before, and a vicarage instituted in it, yet there was no endowment of it till the 1st year of the reign of king Edward I. when the abbot and convent, under their chapter seal, granted an endowment of it, which was approved of by the archbishop's commissary. He decreed and ordained, that the vicar should have the usual mansion of the vicarage, with the garden, and two acres of land contiguous to it, together with eleven acres of land lying at Donneslonde, and the way usual to the same; all which the vicars had heretofore enjoyed. And that they should have yearly two cows feeding, and the right of feeding them, from the feast, of St. Gregory until that of St. Martin in winter, with the cows of the religious wheresoever within the bounds of the parish. Also that they should have, in the name of their vicarage, within the limits or titheries of this church, or chapels of it, all the tithes whatsoever of sheaves, corn, and other vegetables, in orchards or gardens, being dug with the foot; and also all tithes arising from all mills so situated then, or which hereafter might be built, excepting of the mill of the religious, nigh to the King's highway, leading from Northborne towards Canterbury. Also that they should receive, in the name of the vicarage, all tithes of hay arising within the parish, or within the bounds of the chapels aforesaid, excepting the tithe of hay, arising from the meadows of the religious in this parish, at the time of the endowment. Also that they should receive, in the name of the vicarage, all oblations whatsoever in the church of Northborne, and the chapels or oratories, wheresoever situated, dependent on it, excepting the oblations made by strangers, not parishioners of the church, or chapels, in the chapel of the religious, situated within their manor of Norborne, which they had retained to themselves. Moreover, that the vicars should receive all tithes of lambs, wool, chicken, calves, ducks, pigs, geese, swans, peas, pigeons, milk, milk-meats, trades, merchandizes, eggs, flax, hemp, broom, rushes, fisheries, pasture, apples, onions, garlic, pears, and all manner of small tithes, within the bounds, or tithings of the church and chapels aforesaid, in any shape arising or to arise in future; and also whatsoever legacies should be left in future to the church and chapels, and especially the tithes of reed, rushes, and silva cædua, whenever cut down, within the bounds or tithings of the chapels of Cotmanton and Scholdon, to this church belonging, or at any time arising. But that the vicars should undergo the burthen of serving in divine offices themselves, or other fit priests, in this church and chapels depending on it; but that the burthen of providing bread and wine, lights, and other things, which should be necessary there for the celebration of divine services, they should undergo in the said church and chapels, at their own expence, excepting in the chapel of Cotmanton; in which the burthens of this kind, and likewise of the rebuilding and repairing of the chapel, used to be borne, by the lords of the manor of Cotmanton. In the payment likewise of the tenth, or other quota of ecclesiastical benefices, when it happened that the same should be imposed on the churches in England, or in the archbishop's province or diocese, the vicars and their successors there, according to the portion of taxation of the said vicarage, should be bound to pay the same for the said vicarage. But the burthens of repairing and rebuilding the chancel of the church of Northborne, and the chapel of Scholdon depending on it, within and without; and of finding and repairing the books, vestments, and ornaments of the church and chapel of Scholdon, which by the rectors of churches ought, or were wont to be found and repaired of custom or of right, and other burthens ordinary and extraordinary incumbent on the said church and chapel, the religious should undergo for ever and acknowledge; all and singular of which, he, the aforesaid John, archbishop of Canterbury, approving, confirmed by that his ordinary authority, reserving to him and his successors, &c. (fn. 8)
In 1396 there was an agreement entered into between the rector of East Langdon and the vicar of Norborne, concerning the annual payment of four shillings to the latter. In which the parishioners of East Langdon are mentioned as being bound to contribute to the repair of the church of Norborne.
The vicarage of Norborne, with the chapel of Sholdon annexed, is valued in the king's books at 12l. 11s. 8d. and the yearly tents at 1l. 5s. 2d.
In 1578 here were one hundred and ninety-two communicants, and it was valued at sixty pounds. In 1640 here were communicants two hundred and ninety-seven, and it was valued at Seventy-four pounds.
Here is a good vicarage-house, which with the homestall, measures two acres; and there are nine acres of glebe land beside.
auflöung gibts erst nächste woche - bin übers woende weg - oder ihr seid suuuperschnell weil eh leicht :-)
We'll just keep running from tomorrow with our lips locked. Yeah you got me begging begging baby please don't go. If I wake up tomorrow will you still be here
Taken with my 35 mm, f1.8 lens. Taken right before the golden hour. SOOC
I have 3 lenses that i use quite often. and I have named them. =)
Poppa Bear- 55-200mm
Momma Bear- 18-55 mm
Baby Bear- 35 mm
Next on my list (probably right after xmas) is Nikkor Macro AF-S VR 105 f/2.8G IF-ED.
Or....
Since I don't know if I want such a big lens when I already have the 55-200, I think it might make more sense to go for the Nikkor 85mm f/3.5G ED AF-S VR DX. Both are superb lenses. What do you think??
Sometimes people are just not who they seem to be
You portray yourself to be
so perfect, to have this
oh-so-wonderful life,
yet... here you sit-----
..... tainted
...........dirty
...............lying to the world
about who you really are.
Bottled up, deep within your soul,
yearning to break free,
the dirtiness weighing heavily
on your conscience,
begging for the unspoken secret
to be heard upon foolish ears.
Your loves ones bet on
your innocence and wear blinders
about this dark topic.
Oh, how the their worlds would be
destroyed if this dirty little secret
were to be made known and
they knew the true absence of your morals.
Your identity has been vilifed
and no one has done
a better job at that than...
you!
I began the Kent church project back in 2008, and Barham was one of the first dozen I visited. I took a few shots, and from then I remember the window showing a very fine St George and a balcony from where the bells are rung giving great views down the church.
I have not stepped foot inside a Kent church since the end of September, and so I felt I needed to get back into it, as the orchid season is possibly just four months away, and then I will be lost for months.
Barham is like an old friend; it lies on a short cut from the A2 to the Elham Valley, so I pass down here many times a year, zig-zaggin at its western end as the road heads down towards the Nailbourne.
You can see the spire from the A2, nestling in the valley below, and yet being so close to a main road, the lane that winds it way through the timber framed and clapboard houses is wide enough to allow just one car to pass at a time.
Unusually, there is plentiful parking on the south side of the church, and from there there is a great view of the southern face of the church with its magnificent spire.
As hoped, it was open, and the church has so much more than I remember from what, eight years back.
Rows of modern chairs have replaced pews, but it looks good like thet. The church has a good collection of Victorian glass, some better than others, and there is that St George window at the western end of the north wall.
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A long and light church, best viewed from the south. Like nearby Ickham it is cruciform in plan, with a west rather than central, tower. Sometimes this is the result of a later tower being added, but here it is an early feature indeed, at least the same age (if not earlier) than the body of the church. Lord Kitchener lived in the parish, so his name appears on the War Memorial. At the west end of the south aisle, tucked out of the way, is the memorial to Sir Basil Dixwell (d 1750). There are two twentieth century windows by Martin Travers. The 1925 east window shows Our Lady and Child beneath the typical Travers Baroque Canopy. Under the tower, affixed to the wall, are some Flemish tiles, purchased under the will of John Digge who died in 1375. His memorial brass survives in the Vestry.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Barham
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Many churches in Kent are well known for their yew trees but St. John the Baptist at Barham is noteworthy for its magnificent beech trees.
The Church guide suggests that there has been a Church here since the 9th Century but the present structure was probably started in the 12th Century although Syms, in his book about Kent Country Churches, states that there is a hint of possible Norman construction at the base of the present tower. The bulk of the Church covers the Early English, Decorated and Perpendicular periods of building. Many of the huge roof beams, ties and posts are original 14th Century as are the three arches leading into the aisle..
In the Northwest corner is a small 13th Century window containing modern glass depicting St. George slaying the dragon and dedicated to the 23rd Signal Company. The Church also contains a White Ensign which was presented to it by Viscount Broome, a local resident. The Ensign was from 'H.M.S. Raglan' which was also commanded by Viscount Broome. The ship was sunk in January, 1918 by the German light cruiser 'Breslau'.
The walls contain various mural tablets. Hanging high on the west wall is a helmet said to have belonged to Sir Basil Dixwell of Broome Park. The helmet probably never saw action but was carried at his funeral.
The floor in the north transept is uneven because some years ago three brasses were found there. According to popular medieval custom engraved metal cut-outs were sunk into indented stone slabs and secured with rivets and pitch. In order to save them from further damage the brasses were lifted and placed on the walls. The oldest dates from about 1370 is of a civilian but very mutilated. The other two are in good condition and dated about 1460. One is of a woman wearing the dress of a widow which was similar to a nun. The other is of a bare headed man in plate armour. These are believed to be of John Digges and his wife Joan.
At the west end of the church is a list of Rectors and Priests-in-Charge - the first being Otho Caputh in 1280. Notice should be made of Richard Hooker (1594), the author of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity. The tiles incorporated into the wall were originally in place in the Chancel about 1375. They were left by John Digges whose Will instructed that he was to be buried in the Chancel and "my executors are to buy Flanders tiles to pave the said Chancel".
The 14th century font is large enough to submerse a baby - as would have been the custom of the time. The bowl is octagonal representing the first day of the new week, the day of Christ's resurrection. The cover is Jacobean.
The Millennium Window in the South Transept was designed and constructed by Alexandra Le Rossignol and was dedicated in July 2001. The cost of the project (approximately £6,500) was raised locally with the first donation being made by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr George Carey.
The porch contains two wooden plaques listing the names of men from the village who were killed in the Great Wars - among them being Field Marshall Lord Kitchener of Broome Park.
www.barham-kent.org.uk/landmark_church.htm
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ANTIENTLY written Bereham, lies the next parish eastward. There are five boroughs in it, viz. of Buxton, Outelmeston, Derrington, Breach, and Shelving. The manor of Bishopsborne claims over almost the whole of this parish, at the court of which the four latter borsholders are chosen, and the manors of Reculver and Adisham over a small part of it.
BARHAM is situated at the confines of that beautiful country heretofore described, the same Nailbourne valley running through it, near which, in like manner the land is very fertile, but all the rest of it is a chalky barren soil. On the rise of the hill northward from it, is the village called Barham-street, with the church, and just beyond the summit of it, on the further side Barham court, having its front towards the downs, over part of which this parish extends, and gives name to them. At the foot of the same hill, further eastward, is the mansion of Brome, with its adjoining plantatious, a conspicuous object from the downs, to which by inclosing a part of them, the grounds extend as far as the Dover road, close to Denne-hill, and a costly entrance has been erected into them there. By the corner of Brome house the road leads to the left through Denton-street, close up to which this parish extends, towards Folkestone; and to the right, towards Eleham and Hythe. One this road, within the bounds of this parish, in a chalky and stony country, of poor barren land, there is a large waste of pasture, called Breach down, on which there are a number of tumuli, or barrows. By the road side there have been found several skeletons, one of which had round its neck a string of beads, of various forms and sizes, from a pidgeon's egg to a pea, and by it a sword, dagger, and spear; the others lay in good order, without any particular thing to distinguish them. (fn. 1)
In the Nailbourne valley, near the stream, are the two hamlets of Derrington and South Barham; from thence the hills, on the opposite side of it to those already mentioned, rise southward pretty high, the tops of them being covered with woods, one of them being that large one called Covert wood, a manor belonging to the archbishop, and partly in this parish, being the beginning of a poor hilly country, covered with stones, and enveloped with frequent woods.
BARHAM, which, as appears by the survey of Domesday, formerly lay in a hundred of its own name, was given anno 809, by the estimation of seven ploughlands, by Cenulph, king of Kent, to archbishop Wlfred, free from all secular demands, except the trinoda necessitas, but this was for the use of his church; for the archbishop, anno 824, gave the monks lands in Egelhorne and Langeduna, in exchange for it. After which it came into the possession of archbishop Stigand, but, as appears by Domesday, not in right of his archbishopric, at the taking of which survey, it was become part of the possessions of Odo, bishop of Baieux, under the title of whose lands it is thus entered in it:
In Berham hundred, Fulbert holds of the bishop Berham. It was taxed at six sulings. The arable land is thirty two carucates. In demesne there are three carucates, and fifty two villeins, with twenty cottagers having eighteen carucates. There is a church, and one mill of twenty shillings and four pence. There are twentlyfive fisheries of thirty-five shillings all four pence. Of average, that is service, sixty shilling. Of herbage twenty six shillings, and twenty acres of meadow Of pannage sufficient for one hundred and fifty hogs. Of this manor the bishop gave one berewic to Herbert, the son of Ivo, which is called Hugham, and there be has one carucate in demesne, and twelve villeins, with nine carucates, and twenty acres of meadow. Of the same manor the bisoop gave to Osberne Paisforere one suling and two mills of fifty sbillings, and there is in demesne one carucate, and four villeins with one carucate. The whole of Barbam, in the time of king Edward the Confessor, was worth forty pounds, when be received it the like, and yet it yielded to him one hundred pounds, now Berhem of itself is worth forty pounds, and Hucham ten pounds, and this which Osberne bas six pounds, and the land of one Ralph, a knight, is worth forty shillings. This manor Stigand, the archbishop held, but it was not of the archbishopric, but was of the demesne ferm of king Edward.
On the bishop's disgrace four years afterwards, and his estates being confiscated to the crown, the seignory of this parish most probably returned to the see of Canterbury, with which it has ever since continued. The estate mentioned above in Domesday to have been held of the bishop by Fulbert, comprehended, in all likelihood, the several manors and other estates in this parish, now held of the manor of Bishopsborne, one of these was THE MANOR AND SEAT OF BARHAM-COURT, situated near the church, which probably was originally the court-lodge of the manor of Barham in very early times, before it became united to that of Bishopsborne, and in king Henry II.'s time was held of the archbishop by knight's service, by Sir Randal Fitzurse, who was one of the four knights belonging to the king's houshould, who murdered archbishop Becket anno 1170; after perpetrating which, Sir Randal fled into Ireland, and changed his name to Mac-Mahon, and one of his relations took possession of this estate, and assumed the name of Berham from it; and accordingly, his descendant Warin de Berham is recorded in the return made by the sheriff anno 12 and 13 king John, among others of the archbishop's tenants by knight's service, as holding lands in Berham of him, in whose posterity it continued till Thomas Barham, esq. in the very beginning of king James I.'s reign, alienated it to the Rev. Charles Fotherbye, dean of Canterbury, who died possessed of it in 1619. He was eldest son of Martin Fotherby, of Great Grimsby, in Lincolnshire, and eldest brother of Martin Fotherby, bishop of Salisbury. He had a grant of arms, Gules, a cross of lozenges flory, or, assigned to him and Martin his brother, by Camden, clarencieux, in 1605. (fn. 2) His only surviving son Sir John Fotherbye, of Barham-court, died in 1666, and was buried in that cathedral with his father. At length his grandson Charles, who died in 1720, leaving two daughters his coheirs; Mary, the eldest, inherited this manor by her father's will, and afterwards married Henry Mompesson, esq. of Wiltshire, (fn. 3) who resided at Barhamcourt, and died in 1732, s. p. and she again carried this manor in marriage to Sir Edward Dering, bart. of Surrenden, whose second wife she was. (fn. 4) He lest her surviving, and three children by her, Charles Dering, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Farnaby, bart. since deceased, by whom he has an only surviving daughter, married to George Dering, esq. of Rolling, the youngest son of the late Sir Edw. Dering, bart. and her first cousin; Mary married Sir Robert Hilyard, bart. and Thomas Dering, esq. of London. Lady Dering died in 1775, and was succeeded by her eldest son Charles Dering, esq. afterwards of Barhamcourt, the present owner of it. It is at present occupied by Gen. Sir Charles Grey, bart. K. B. commanderin chief of the southern district of this kingdom.
THE MANORS OF BROME and OUTELMESTONE, alias DIGGS COURT, are situated in this parish; the latter in the valley, at the western boundary of it, was the first residence in this county of the eminent family of Digg, or, as they were asterwards called, Diggs, whence it gained its name of Diggs-court. John, son of Roger de Mildenhall, otherwise called Digg, the first-mentioned in the pedigrees of this family, lived in king Henry III.'s reign, at which time he, or one of this family of the same name, was possessed of the aldermanry of Newingate, in Canterbury, as part of their inheritance. His descendants continued to reside at Diggs-court, and bore for their arms, Gules, on a cross argent, five eagles with two heads displayed, sable, One of whom, James Diggs, of Diggs-court, died in 1535. At his death he gave the manor and seat of Outelmeston, alias Diggs-court, to his eldest son (by his first wife) John, and the manor of Brome to his youngest son, (by his second wife) Leonard, whose descendants were of Chilham castle. (fn. 5) John Diggs, esq. was of Diggs-court, whose descendant Thomas Posthumus Diggs, esq. about the middle of queen Elizabeth's reign, alienated this manor, with Diggs-place, to Capt. Halsey, of London, and he sold it to Sir Tho. Somes, alderman of London, who again parted with it to Sir B. Dixwell, bart. and he passed it away to Sir Thomas Williams, bart. whose heir Sir John Williams, bart. conveyed it, about the year 1706, to Daniel and Nathaniel Matson, and on the death of the former, the latter became wholly possessed of it, and his descendant Henry Matson, about the year 1730, gave it by will to the trustees for the repair of Dover harbour, in whom it continues at this time vested for that purpose.
BUT THE MANOR OF BROME, which came to Leonard Diggs, esq. by his father's will as above-mentioned, was sold by him to Basil Dixwell, esq. second son of Cha. Dixwell, esq. of Coton, in Warwickshire, then of Tevlingham, in Folkestone, who having built a handsome mansion for his residence on this manor, removed to it in 1622. In the second year of king Charles I. he served the office of sheriff with much honour and hospitality; after which he was knighted, and cveated a baronet. He died unmarried in 1641, having devised this manor and seat, with the rest of his estates, to his nephew Mark Dixwell, son of his elder brother William, of Coton above-mentioned, who afterwards resided at Brome, whose son Basil Dixwell, esq. of Brome, was anno 12 Charles II. created a baronet. He bore for his arms, Argent, a chevron, gules, between three sleurs de lis, sable. His only son Sir Basil Dixwell, bart. of Brome, died at Brome,s. p. in 1750, and devised this, among the rest of his estates, to his kinsman George Oxenden, esq. second son of Sir Geo. Oxenden, bart. of Dean, in Wingham, with an injunction for him to take the name and arms of Dixwell, for which an act passed anno 25 George II. but he died soon afterwards, unmarried, having devised this manor and seat to his father Sir George Oxenden, who settled it on his eldest and only surviving son, now Sir Henry Oxenden, bart. who is the present owner of it. He resides at Brome, which he has, as well as the grounds about it, much altered and improved for these many years successively.
SHELVING is a manor, situated in the borough of its own name, at the eastern boundary of this parish, which was so called from a family who were in antient times the possessors of it. John de Shelving resided here in king Edward I.'s reign, and married Helen, daughter and heir of John de Bourne, by whom he had Waretius de Shelving, whose son, J. de Shelving, of Shelvingborne, married Benedicta de Hougham, and died possessed of this manor anno 4 Edward III. After which it descended to their daughter Benedicta, who carried it in marriage to Sir Edmund de Haut, of Petham, in whose descendants, in like manner as Shelvington, alias Hautsborne, above-described, it continued down to Sir William Haut, of Hautsborne, in king Henry VIII's reign, whose eldest daughter and coheir Elizabeth carried it in marriage to Tho. Colepeper, esq. of Bedgbury, who in the beginning of king Edward VI.'s reign passed it away to Walter Mantle, whose window carried it by a second marriage to Christopher Carlell, gent. who bore for his arms, Or, a cross flory, gules; one of whose descendants sold it to Stephen Hobday, in whose name it continued till Hester, daughter of Hills Hobday, carried it in marriage to J. Lade, esq. of Boughton, and he having obtained an act for the purpose, alienated it to E. Bridges, esq. of Wootton-court, who passed away part of it to Sir George Oxenden, bart. whose son Sir Henry Oxenden, bart. of Brome, now owns it; but Mr. Bridges died possessed of the remaining part in 1780, and his eldest son the Rev. Edward Timewell Brydges, is the present possessor of it.
MAY DEACON, as it has been for many years past both called and written, is a seat in the southern part of this parish, adjoining to Denton-street, in which parish part of it is situated. Its original and true name was Madekin, being so called from a family who were owners of it, and continued so, as appears by the deeds of it, till king Henry VI's reign, in the beginning of which it passed from that name to Sydnor, in which it continued till king Henry VIII.'s reign, when Paul Sydnor, who upon his obtaining from the king a grant of Brenchley manor, removed thither, and alienated this seat to James Brooker, who resided here, and his sole daughter and heir carried it in marriage, in queen Elizabeth's reign, to Sir Henry Oxenden, of Dene, in Wingham, whose grandson Sir Henry Oxenden, bart. sold it in 1664, to Edward Adye, esq. the second son of John Adye, esq. of Doddington, one of whose daughters and coheirs, Rosamond, entitled her husband George Elcock, esq. afterwards of Madekin, to it, and his daughter and heir Elizabeth carried it in marriage to Capt. Charles Fotherby, whose eldest daughter and coheir Mary, entitled her two successive husbands, Henry Mompesson, esq. and Sir Edward Dering, bart. to the possession of it, and Charles Dering, esq. of Barham-court, eldest son of the latter, by her, is at this time the owner of it. The seat is now inhabited by Henry Oxenden, esq.
There are no parochial charities. The poor constantly maintained are about forty, casually fifteen.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanryof Bridge.
The church, which is dedicated to St. John Baptist, is a handsome building, consisting of a body and side isle, a cross or sept, and a high chancel, having a slim tall spire at the west end, in which are four bells. In the chancel are memorials for George Elcock, esq. of Madeacon, obt. 1703, and for his wife and children; for Charles Bean, A. M. rector, obt. 1731. A monument for William Barne, gent. son of the Rev. Miles Barne. His grandfather was Sir William Barne, of Woolwich, obt. 1706; arms, Azure, three leopards faces, argent. Several memorials for the Nethersoles, of this parish. In the south sept is a magnificent pyramid of marble for the family of Dixwell, who lie buried in a vault underneath, and inscriptions for them. In the north sept is a monument for the Fotherbys. On the pavement, on a gravestone, are the figures of an armed knight (his feet on a greyhound) and his wife; arms, A cross, quartering six lozenges, three and three. In the east window these arms, Gules, three crowns, or—Gules, three lions passant in pale, or. This chapel was dedicated to St. Giles, and some of the family of Diggs were buried in it; and there are memorials for several of the Legrands. There are three tombs of the Lades in the church-yard, the inscriptions obliterated, but the dates remaining are 1603, 1625, and 1660. There were formerly in the windows of this church these arms, Ermine, a chief, quarterly, or, and gules, and underneath, Jacobus Peccam. Another coat, Bruine and Rocheleyquartered; and another, Gules, a fess between three lions heads, erased, argent, and underneath,Orate p ais Roberti Baptford & Johe ux; which family resided at Barham, the last of whom, Sir John Baptford, lest an only daughter and heir, married to John Earde, of Denton.
¶The church of Barham has always been accounted as a chapel to the church of Bishopsborne, and as such is included in the valuation of it in the king's books. In 1588 here were communicants one hundred and eighty; in 1640 there were two hundred and fifty.