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A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied; whereas in a caisson lock, a boat lift, or on a canal inclined plane, it is the chamber itself (usually then called a caisson) that rises and falls.
Locks are used to make a river more easily navigable, or to allow a canal to take a reasonably direct line across country that is not level.
Use of locks in canals
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Early completely artificial canals, across fairly flat countryside, would get round a small hill or depression by simply detouring (contouring) around it. As engineers became more ambitious in the types of country they felt they could overcome, locks became essential to effect the necessary changes in water level without detours that would be completely uneconomic both in building costs and journey time. Later still, as construction techniques improved, engineers became more willing to barge directly through and across obstacles by constructing long tunnels, cuttings, aqueducts or embankments, or to construct even more technical devices such as inclined planes or boat lifts. However, locks continued to be built to supplement these solutions, and are an essential part of even the most modern navigable waterways.
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Leeds Lock on the south bank of the river looking west towards the city. The channel to Clarence Dock is out of sight beyond the walkway bridge. The tower of Leeds Minster can be seen in the distance.
This original treasure chest is from the 17th century and was probably made in Germany. It has a unique locking system visible inside the lid. This maze of metal operates with one key that operates nine sliding bolts. Taken in the excellent museum in Archangel
Looking east, down the recently cleaned up north chamber of Enlarged Erie Canal Lock 58 in Newark, NY from the west end. Lock 58 was a single-length, double chamber lock, one of three, that were located in Newark, NY at that time. It was built around 1841. Here you can see the door recesses on the both the walls of the north chamber. The south wall is to the right and the north wall is to the left. Lock 58 is located off Route 31 on Lyons Street in Newark, NY.
This lock is still fully functional, although I don't think it is used a huge amount. This is where the ships would have entered the sea after unloading at Chichester Wharf
Lock and Dam 5 on the Upper Mississippi River in Minnesota City, Minn., has been dewatered this winter to allow the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, to complete major maintenance work on it. Each St. Paul District lock chamber is dewatered every 15 to 20 years for this major maintenance. Lock and Dam 5 was last dewatered in 1990. --Photo by Shannon Bauer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers