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The Postcard
A postally unused postcard produced by Chambers, Kiosk, Weymouth. The card has a divided back. There are no indications as to the identity of the couple or the date of the photograph.
Walking Pictures
The couple would have been approached by a speculative photographer working at the resort and asked if they would like to have their photograph taken. This genre of photography is known as a 'Walking Picture' or 'Walking Photograph'.
Commercial street photographers in seaside or tourist towns would snap away at holiday makers offering them the chance to call later at the studio to pick up a print of their photograph.
Such photographs were generally taken while an individual or group was literally walking along, although they were sometimes engaged in other activities, e.g. sitting on a bench or on the beach, bathing in the sea, or even riding a donkey.
These walking pictures were also offered to the customer as postcards for them to send back home to friends and relatives.
Chambers of Weymouth
gohomeonapostcard.wordpress.com tell us the following about Chambers:
Chambers are poorly documented. Their walking picture business was operating during the 1920's and 1930's judging by surviving examples.
All their cards are postcard size, and of good quality, and they were taken on Thornton Pickard Ruby Reflex cameras using glass, then later paper negatives. One of the cameramen was famous for his use of his bowler hat as a shutter, counting the exposure seconds by waving it in the air before covering the lens.
The firm was run by John Chambers, and later his son became involved. It is thought that John started out at Whiteheads Torpedo Works as an engineer.
They snapped people on their own, as couple or in groups. Their postcards carry either the wording Chambers Kiosk Weymouth, or Chambers Esplanade Weymouth on the back.
The Esplanade is a lengthy stretch of the seafront, so this doesn’t help us too much! However many of the walkies show the large towers of the Royal Hotel in the near background, which suggests that they were based close by.
John Chambers also had a conventional photography business which included panoramas and fleet reviews. As well as walkies, Chambers also photographed groups of bathers in the early 1920's, and holiday-makers in charabancs.
I have also see a group of trippers in a small pleasure boat, and this is dated 1922. So Chambers were clearly in the seaside photo business quite soon after WW1, and like other firms may have begun before as a studio portrait business, although if so I have not seen any examples.
The business stopped during WW2 but restarted afterwards, and was still going into the 1970's. One cameraman working there in the late Sixties says Chambers had a licence for the west half of the beach, the east side was worked by other firms (one of which was based in Bournemouth).
At his time they used a Leica 350 and Ilford FP3 then later FP4 film. The Chambers kiosk was near the town’s George III statue, and had a large model of a Leica 250 on the roof to help it stand out. They had five or six photographers, usually students doing holiday work, kitted out in red blazers, which prompted Butlins to try and sue.
Butlins lost as Chambers had been going much longer. Even in his 80's, John used to come out and check up on the staff from time to time. He is said to have destroyed all his negatives and prints when the business closed.
Weymouth
Weymouth is a seaside town in Dorset, England, situated on a sheltered bay at the mouth of the River Wey on the English Channel coast. The town is 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Dorchester and 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of the Isle of Portland. The town's population in 2011 was 52,300.
Weymouth is a tourist resort, and its economy depends on its harbour and visitor attractions; the town is a gateway situated halfway along the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site on the Dorset and east Devon coast, important for its geology and landforms.
Weymouth Harbour has provided a berth for cross-channel ferries, and is home to pleasure boats and private yachts, and nearby Portland Harbour is home to the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, where the sailing events of the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games were held.
The history of the borough stretches back to the 12th century; including involvement in the spread of the Black Death, the settlement of the Americas, the development of Georgian architecture, and a major departure point for the Normandy Landings.
M. E. CHURCH, CHESTERTON, IND
Date: Circa 1927
Source Type: Postcard
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: SSSS
Postmark: None
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This photograph was taken facing northwest at the intersection of Second Street and Porter Avenue. The church parsonage is visible to the far right in this image. The parsonage was later moved to a lot located on Park Avenue, just east of Eleventh Street in Chesterton, Indiana, and now serves as a residence. After the parsonage was removed, a parking lot was put into its place.
The church edifice was designed based on a nearly identical design of the Methodist Church located in Flora, Carroll County, Indiana.
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The following news item appeared in the July 1, 1926, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
METHODISTS TO BUILD HOUSE OF WORSHIP
Indications now are that Chesterton Methodists are to have a house of worship that will be a credit to the community, and to the congregation. For some time a committee of faithful citizens has been laboring hard on the matter of formulating plans for the building of a new church for this congregation, and are at last able to report progress.
Capital life was injected into the undertaking when J. A. Johnson and H. F. Carlson, executors of the estate of the late Par A. Johnson, made the committee a concrete offer. The executors are custodians of a fund left by the late P. A. Johnson, to be disbursed of as in their judgment seems fit, and they submitted a proposition to the church committee offering to donate $20,000 from this fund for the erection of a Methodist church edifice in Chesterton, when the congregation raises an additional $30,000. The committee, consisting of the following well known gentlemen, Charles L. Jeffrey, H. A. Flynn, C. O. Wiltfong, Roger Holcomb, Charles Smith, Ernest Lilywhite and J. A. Johnson, after investigation and consultation, accepted the generous offer.
For some time the committee has been looking up plans for the proposed new church. Many towns were visited and churches inspected. Last Saturday the committee, accompanied by other member of the church and citizens to the number of 46, journeyed to Flora, Ind., and inspected the M. E. church edifice there. After careful inspection it was agreed that a similar building would suit the needs of the congregation here, and after this opinion was made the executors of the estate of Par A. Johnson at a quarterly conference held Monday evening of this week submitted in writing their offer.
Some of the conditions of the offer are that the new building shall be a memorial to Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Johnson. The board accepted the offer and has now set itself to work of collecting the $30,000 needed.
The new building will be erected on land immediately south of the M. E. parsonage, corner of Porter avenue and Second street. Its dimensions will be 75x80 with 17 rooms, to be used for church work and including an auditorium that will seat 450 persons, and arranged so that it many sit 600 by throwing open a connecting room. The edifice will follow the design of the building in Flora.
That the idea is taking form root in the hearts of the public is apparent in the fact that V. U. Young, of Gary, has donated a beautiful pipe organ to the congregation for the new church.
While the edifice is to be used by the M. E. church, it may also be con--?-- the church of the American --?--king protestants of this section. Besides the Lutherans and the Catholics, we have no other churches in Chesterton but the Methodists, Swedish and English. It is where people who belong to other faiths or who have no church affiliations are buried in, are married in if they have a church wedding, and go to when the want to hear the word of God. It may be called "The Little Brown Church Around the Corner." It is God's way ---?--- for the weary and oppressed. It commands the respect and support of all Chesterton needs this new place and it should be considered a privilege to be permitted to subscribe to the fund that will make it doable. The Tribune is heart and mind in the good cause, and commends it to our readers as a worthy cause.
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The following news item appeared in the July 8, 1926, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
SOCIAL AND PERSONAL
Architect Stephens of Huntington, Ind., has been employed to draw up a set of plans for the proposed new M. E. church to be built here. He expects to have them ready in about two weeks.
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The following news item appeared in the July 15, 1926, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
PLANS FOR THE NEW CHURCH ARE PROGRESSING
The Building Committee of the First Methodist church has employed an architect to draw plans and make specifications for the new church. The plans will be completed and in the hands of the committee by July 26. The committee expects to be able to submit the plans for bids on the new church at an early date.
The committee on finance has planned its work to start August first. They expect to complete the work by August 10th.
The work is progressing very satisfactorily to those who have the matter in hand and we believe August 1st will be a day of victory for the congregation of the First Methodist church.
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The following news item appeared in the March 10, 1927, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
SOCIAL AND PERSONAL
Contractor W. R. Duncan, of Flora, Ind., arrived in Chesterton, Monday morning, and began immediately the work of starting construction on the new Methodist church building, corner of Second street and Porter avenue. Material has been arriving on the ground for several days, and workmen began to show up on the job Tuesday. the contract calls for the completion of the job by August 1st, but the contractor says he will attempt to deliver the job to the congregation by July 1. If he does he will break some records for speed.
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The following news item appeared in the March 31, 1927, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
LAY CORNER STONE SUNDAY AFTERNOON
Next Sunday will be a big day in the history of the First Methodist Episcopal church when, at 2:30 in the afternoon, the cornerstone for the new church edifice will be laid with impressive services. Rev. A. E. Bagby will have charge of the services and a general invitation is extended to the public to attend. Some years ago the congregation purchased two lots at the corner of Second street and Porter avenue, and a short time later a handsome parsonage was built on the north lot and the corner reserved for a new church building, when the time came for the erection of such a structure.
The ambitions of the congregation have been realized and a handsome building is now going up on the site, and Sunday afternoon's service will mark the first service for the new structure.
Dr. B. D. Beck, of South Bend, and Rev. E. p. Swan, superintendent of the Chicago district of the Swedish M. E. church will be present and both will take part in the exercises with addresses. The following ministers from a distance have been invited to participate in the services: Rev. C. A. Brown, Rev. F. R. Briggs, Rev. H. V. Deal, Rev. F. O. Fraley and Rev. Charles Roush.
The Methodists began their work in this community in the year 1861, and Elder Daniel A. Grime was the first pastor. On Dec. 15, 1861, Pastor Grime baptized Jearard Whitmore, Mary, his wife, and their son, John. Previous to this date, on Jan. 25, 1861, Grace Pelham, James Asher, Louisa Ingraham and Lovenia C. Shoemaker were received as probationers, the first on the circuit. Louisa Ingraham was living in Calumet (now Chesterton), the others being from the Jackson Center neighborhood.
In those days the meetings were held in the homes and school buildings. The circuit rider came around once or twice a month, holding meetings on Saturday evenings, Sunday morning, Sunday afternoon and Sunday evening. The circuit was made up of McCool, Calumet, Jackson Center, Furnessville and possibly another point or two. McCool's chapel seemed to be at the head of it.
The first wedding ceremony on the circuit was performed by Pastor Grimes on Oct. 22, 1862, the contracting parties being Henry C. Richman, of Chicago, and Mary E. Drew, of Calumet.
As stated above the entire circuit had but four member in 1861. The next year they added three more to their membership and one was dropped from the list. The next year they did better and added five to the list, all of whom proved faithful. A great revival was held in 1866 and there were twenty-four named added to the records. In 1870 the circuit of four churches came into the Northwest Indiana Conference, with a membership of 83, 140 were enrolled in the Sunday school with eleven officers and teachers, and has since been known as the Chesterton circuit.
The congregation has made a steady growth in membership, until today it stands at 273, with a prospect of reaching the 300 mark by Easter Sunday of this year.
The church building at the corner of Second street and Indiana venue, occupied for many years by the congregation, was built in 1865, as a Union church. Later is was deeded to the Methodist church by the trustees. This building, just one room, heated by stoved and lighted with oil lamps, served the congregation until 1913, when under the leadership of Rev. C. A. Brown, it was raised, a basement dug underneath, a heating plant and electric lights put in. This added greatly to the space of the building, giving twice the room it formerly contained. The cost of this work was more than $2,000.
The beautiful parsonage on Second street now enjoyed by the pastor and his family, was built in 1917, at a cost of more than $6,000 under the leadership of Rev. Frank R. Briggs.
Early in 1926, at a meeting of the official board, the matter of a new church was discussed as it had been many times before. After a short discussion it was moved by one of the members of the board that a building committee be appointed to go into the matter and report to the board as to the probable cost of a building suitable to the needs of the congregation. The following committee was appointed: C. L. Jeffrey, J. A. Johnson, Chas. H. Smith, Dr. C. O. Wiltfong, H. A. Flynn, Roger Holcomb and Ernest Lillywhite. The committee organized for the task and Mr. Jeffrey was chosen as chairman, Rev. A. E. Bagby, secretary, and E. L. Morgan treasurer.
Investigations were made regarding a suitable plant a number of churches were visited. Finally a plan was outlined to Architect Stevens, of Huntington, who drew the plans for the new church. At a meeting of the quarterly conference on June 28, 1926, it was unanimously decided to build the new structure, adopting the plans drawn by Mr. Stevens. The contract was let on Aug. 2 to W. R. Dunkin & Son, of Flora, Ind., for the sum of $49,120.
A contract also has been let to Hilgren, Lane & Co., of Alliance, Ohio, for a new pipe organ to be installed in the church at a cost of $5,000. The building is to be completed by Aug. 1st of this year, at which time the congregation expects the building to be ready for dedication.
The following ministers have served the church in Chesterton since its organization in 1861:
D. A. Grimes, C. A. Jesse, Chas. S. Smith, H. C. Weston, B. W. Smith, J. S. Wright, M. B. Wood, A. G. Deutch, J. W. Harris, B. H. Beall, D. G. Lesourd, A. L. Umpleby, W. W. Jones, J. T. Stafford, J. Harrison, C. O. Smock, E. A. Andrew, Fred H. Clutton, Levi Moore, Glenn Wishard, J. B. Smith, J. E. Wilson, Wm. Crapp, C. A. Brown, Z. Lambert, F. R. Briggs, Wm. West, H. V. Deal, H. A. Lawrence, A. E. Bagby
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The following news item appeared in the April 7, 1927, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
CORNERSTONE LAID SUNDAY OF NEW CHURCH
A crowd of several hundred persons stood in the mist with bowed heads Sunday afternoon as simple and impressive ceremony of laying the cornerstone of the First Methodist Episcopal church in Chesterton was performed.
Intermittent spurts of rain throughout the morning and early afternoon had threatened to result in postponement of he service but shortly before the ceremony was started the sun appeared and shone like a benediction over the scene and disappeared behind the cloud again when the service was completed.
Rev. A. E. Bagby, pastor of the church, marked the laying of the stone. The dedication sermon was delivered by Rev. B. D. Beck, superintendent of the South Bent district. The congregation attended the service overflowed the intersection of 2nd street and Porter avenue.
The program started with community singing of the hymn, "I Love Thy Church, O God," led by members of the church choir, accompanied by the congregation and spectators who attended the ceremony.
Following this the ceremony of marking the stone was performed by Rev. Bagby.
Rev. Beck's sermon was concerned with the meaning behind the ceremony of the cornerstone and he briefly traced the history and symbolism of the rite which he said has come down with religious practice throughout the ages.
The elements of sacrifice and endeavor are predominantly symbolized in ceremony, the speaker said. In early times the sacrificial element was emphasized with the offering of human life, but with later enlightenment this was abandoned but the element of sacrifice is still preserved in a changed but no less real form, he said.
Christ is the chief cornerstone of life, the speaker declared, and he represents the strength, beauty and endeavor toward which all should strive.
Rev. E. P. Swan, superintendent of the Chicago district of the Swedish M. E. church, and other ministers were to have attended the ceremony but the inclemency of the weather forced them to cancel the engagement.
The building is expected to be completed by August when the dedication services will be held. The basement and first floor now are finished and the structure will be two stories high. It is estimated he total cost will be close to $60,000. The church will be equipped with a $5,000 pipe organ, a $2,000 thermostat control, a ventilation system that will cost $700 to install and improved lighting fixtures valued at several hundred dollars.
The church now has a membership of 273 but with the enrollment of a new class at Easter, it is expected the membership will be increased to 300.
With the approval of the official board of jurisdiction of the appointment of the building committee the first steps toward erecting the structure were taken early in 1926. The building committee was comprised of C. I. Jeffrey, J. A. Johnson, Dr. C. O. Wiltfong, H. A. Flynn, Roger Holcomb, Charles H. Smith and Ernest Lillywhite.
Cl. L. Jeffrey, E. L. Morgan and Rev. Bagby were chosen executive heads by the group and it was through the endeavors of the members of the committee and the executive heads that the success which has attended the undertaking was achieved.
The general contract was let to W. R. Dunkin and Sons of Flora, Ind., at a figure just under $50,000 and the excavation work was started last July.
Incased in the stone was a copper box 7x8x10 inches donated by Claude Williams and the following articles were placed within the box before being sealed up: Conference minutes of Northwest Indiana conference for 1926, Official Board Roll, names of building committee, names of officers and teachers of Sunday school, history of the church, report of Ladies' Aid, reports of Men's Aid and program of Men's Aid shows 1927, copy of Boy Scout movement, copy of Western Christian Advocate, April 2, 1927, a copy of Chesterton Tribune of March 31, 1927, population of town 2,000, bank statement of the Chesterton bank, membership roll, the pastor's bible, one that he purchased while at college, pictures of Mr. and Mrs. Par A. Johnson, copy of Methodist Discipline, 1924, Methodist Hymnal donated by Mrs. J. Castleman, Cradle Roll and the names of all the pastors that have served the church.
Rev. A. P. Hardt, of St. John's church attended the exercises and offered the prayer and Rev. Wacknitz, of Porter, gave the benediction.
In the list of ministers published in our last issue the names of two who had been in the service were omitted. They were Rev. John Ayling and Rev. O. P. Berry.
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The following news item appeared in the May 12, 1927, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
LOCAL-SOCIAL-PERSONAL
W. R. Dunkin & Son, who have the contract for the new Methodist church building are making rapid progress on the work and the new edifice will be ready for dedication early in August. The outside work has been practically completed and roofers started putting on the shingles Tuesday morning, laying a heavy asbestos shingle that is fire-resisting and should last for many years. The contract has been awarded for 220 individual church chairs for the auditorium and 72 opera chairs in the balcony. Room for 86 will be made in the young people's room. A layer of celotex will be laid between the false floor and the hardwood flooring of the auditorium as a noise-deadener and all outside walls will have a coat of water-proofing on the inside. Four built-in cupboards for books and Sunday school supplied will be placed in various parts of the building.
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The following news item appeared in the October 13, 1927, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
MANY ATTEND M. E. CHURCH DEDICATION
Last Sunday, October 9th, was a day of victory and rejoicing for the people of Chesterton, and especially the people of the Methodist church. The church building that is to be the home of the members and friends of the Methodist church was dedicated to the Service of God by beautiful ritual ceremony.
Bishop F. D. Leete, D. D., L.L. D., of Indianapolis, the Bishop of this Episcopal area, was present for this happy occasion and preached two wonderful sermons, one at 10:30 o'clock in the morning and another at 2:30 o'clock in the afternoon.
The morning service was brought to a happy climax when the pastor, Rev. A. E. Bagby, announced that the new building cost $65,100, and that $2,000 was needed to cover the cost of the building. About twenty minutes was used in securing pledges -- the congregation giving in cash and pledges, $1,915. After the Bishop's sermon in the afternoon, pledges were again called for by the pastor and more than enough to make the $2,000 was secured.
The Bishop and congregation then succeeded to dedicate the building to the Service of God. At the close of the afternoon service, Mr. and Mrs. Carl Harvil had the Bishop baptize their twin boys, Fred and George. This was a fitting climax to the service.
The evening session was a great spiritual blessing to all present. Dr. F. O. Learenby, of Hammond, in his masterful way, preached a sermon fill of truth and spiritual power.
The music of the day was wonderful, the choir, under the leadership of Mr. H. F. Carlson, sage at each service. Their music was spiritual and uplifting to all. Mr. H. F. Carlson sang a solo for the morning service, and Virginia Kinnaird, of Ft. Wayne, sang for the afternoon service, and Mr. John Nordstrom sang for the evening service.
The following ministers for out-of-town were present: Rev. F. O. Learenby, Michigan City; Rev. Chas. A. ---?---, South Bend; Rev. B. D. Beck, South Bend; Rev. F. R. Briggs, Valparaiso; Rev. H. V. Deale, Hammond; Rev. E. P. Swan, Evanston, Ill.; Rev. ?. G. Learenby, Hammond; Rev. Hardt and Rev. Ring were also in attendance.
St. John's congregation set a beautiful bouquet and with it their congratulations to the Methodist congregation and pastor.
In all there were about a thousand people in attendance at the three services of the day.
The program continues throughout the week. On Tuesday evening Rev. E. J. Gratz, D. D., of Chicago, is to speak. This services i for all, but specifically for the young people. Service begins at 7:30.
Wednesday evening is "Good Will ---?---." The church keeps open-house for the community. Everyone welcome. Come and look the building over. Rev. ?. ?. Fraley speaks at 8:00 o'clock.
Thursday evening all former pastors are expected to be present. On Friday evening the ladies serve supper from 6 to 8 in the new dining hall.
Friday evening at 8:00 o'clock, Mr. ---?--- Gerber, of Chicago, will give an organ recital on the new Hillgreen-Lane pipe organ. Mr. Gerber is an outstanding artist on the organ. Tickets on sale at $1.00.
The following out-of-town people attended the dedication services during the day and evening:
Mr. and Mrs. Kinnaird and daughter, Virginia, of Fort Wayne.
Mr. and Mrs. Roy Smith and Senator Oliver M. Holmes, of Gary.
Mrs. Sam Batsel, of Hammond.
Mrs. James Sanderson, Mrs. Martha ---son and daughter, Mrs. Henry ---?--- and daughter, Betty Jane, Mrs. Elois Neff, of Argos.
Mr. and Mrs. Mark Rockwell, Mr. and Mrs. Earl Ruth and many others from Valparaiso, Michigan City, Hobart, Wheeler, Crisman, Burdick and ---?---.
Mr. and Mrs. Heller, Plano, Ill.
Mrs. Minnie Jones, Whiting.
---?--- Seltina and Ella Jeffrey, Chicago.
Sources:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; July 1, 1926; Volume 43, Number 17, Page 1, Column 1. Column titled "Methodists to Build House of Worship."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; July 8, 1926; Volume 43, Number 18, Page 8, Column 2. Column titled "Social and Personal."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; July 15, 1926; Volume 43, Number 19, Page 1, Column 6. Column titled "Plans for the New Church are Progressing."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; March 10, 1927; Volume 43, Number 52, Page 8, Column 3. Column titled "Social and Personal."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; March 31, 1927; Volume 44, Number 3, Page 1, Columns 1-2. Column titled "Lay Corner Stone Sunday Afternoon."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; April 7, 1927; Volume 44, Number 4, Page 1, Columns 1-2. Column titled "Cornerstone Laid Sunday of New Church."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; May 12, 1927; Volume 44, Number 9, Page 5, Column 4. Column titled "Local-Social-Personal."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; October 13, 1927; Volume 44, Number 31, Page 1, Column 1. Column titled "Many Attend M. E. Church Dedication."
Copyright 2013. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
26th October 2010 at the Pizza Express Jazz Club, London W1.
Country: United States. Style: Jazz - vocal.
Line Up: Mose Allison (v/p), Roy Babbington (b), Ralph Salmins (d).
Mississippi born Mose Allison, now in his 80s, is a regular visitor to the UK and the Pizza Express Jazz Club (where he recorded a set of two live CDs). The first time I hear a recording of Mose Allison, I was struck by just how familiar his singing style was. An indication of the strength of his influence on people I’d already come across like John Mayall and Georgie Fame.
More information: moseallison.com/, www.myspace.com/mrmoseallison.
Stephen S Cavrich
Camp Hill, PA, USA
The grass by the house is dry, man,
And a horsefly
buzzes
by the big mistake in the distance man,
I see myself, I see myself start to smile
I got a real indication
of a laugh comin' on
The roses in the People's Garden
Plan
Rosarium History - Classification
Floribunda - new color range - Casting
Tree roses - new plantings - Pests - Winter Care
Rambling Roses - fertilizing, finishes
Shrub Roses - Rose Renner - Sponsorship - variety name
The history of roses in the People's Garden
The People's Garden, located between the Imperial Palace and the ring road is famous for its beautiful roses:
1000 standard roses
4000 Floribunda,
300 rambling roses,
(Also called Rose Park) 200 shrub roses.
Noteworthy is the diversity: there are about 400 varieties, including very old plants:
1859 - Rubens
1913 - Pearl of the Vienna Woods
1919 - Jean C.N. Forestier
The above amounts are from the Federal Gardens. My own count has brought other results:
730 tree roses
2300 Floribunda
132 rambling roses
100 shrub roses
That's about 3300 roses in total. Approx. 270 species I was able to verify. Approx. 50 rose bushes were not labeled. Some varieties come very often, others only once or twice.
Molineux 1994
Rubens 1859
Medialis 1993
Swan lake 1968
Once flourished here Lilac and Rhododendron bushes
1823 People's Garden was opened with the Temple of Theseus. Then made multiple extensions.
The part of today's "Rosarium" along the Ring Road was built in 1862. (Picture fence 1874)
What is so obvious to today's Vienna, was not always so: most of the beds in the People's Garden originally were planted with lilac and rhododendron.
Only after the second World War II it was converted to the present generous rose jewelry.
Since then grow along the ring side creepers, high stem and floribunda roses. On the side of Heroes Square, with the outputs, shrub roses were placed, among which there are also some wild roses.
1889 emerged the Grillparzer Monument.
(All the pictures you can see by clicking the link at the end of the side!)
Rhododendrons, output Sisi Avenue, 1930
Classifications of roses
(Wild roses have 7 sheets - prize roses 5 sheets)
English Rose
Florybunda
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rambling Rose
At the Roses in the People´s Garden are hanging labels (if they do not fall victim to vandals or for souvenirs) with the year indication of breeding, the name of breeding and botanical description:
Hybrid Tea Rose (TB): 1 master, 1 flower;
Florybunda (Flb): 1 strain, many flowers;
English Rose (Engl): mixture of old and modern varieties Tb and Flb.
Called Schlingrose, also climbing rose
Florybunda: 1 strain, many flowers (Donauprinzessin)
Shrub Roses - Floribunda - Tree roses - Climbing Roses
Even as a child, we hear the tale of Sleeping Beauty, but roses have no thorns, but spines. Thorns are fused directly to the root and can not be easily removed as spines (upper wooden containers called).
All roses belong to the bush family (in contrast to perennials that "disappear" in the winter). Nevertheless, there is the term Shrub Rose: It's a chronological classification of roses that were on the market before 1867. They are very often planted as a soloist in a garden, which them has brought the name "Rose Park".
Hybrid Tea Rose: 1 master, 1 flower (rose Gaujard )
Other classifications are:
(High) standard roses: roses are not grafted near the ground, but at a certain strain level. With that, the rose gardener sets the height of the crown.
Floribunda roses : the compact and low bushy roses are ideal for group planting on beds
Crambling roses: They have neither roots nor can they stick up squirm. Their only auxiliary tool are their spines with which they are entangled in their ascent into each other
English Rose: mixture of old varieties, hybrid tea and Florybunda (Tradescanth)
4000 Floribunda
Floribunda roses are hardy, grow compact, knee-high and bushy, are durable and sturdy
There are few smelling varieties
Polyantha classification: a tribe, many small flowers; Florybunda: a tribe, many big blossoms
New concept of color: from red to light yellow
The thousands Floribunda opposite of Grillparzer Monument shimmer (still) in many colors. From historical records, however, is indicated that there was originally a different color scheme for the Floribunda than today: At the entrance of the Burgtheater side the roses were dark and were up to Grillparzer monument ever brighter - there they were then already white.
This color range they want again, somewhat modified, resume with new plantings: No white roses in front of the monument, but bright yellow, so that Grillparzer monument can better stand out. It has already begun, there was heavy frost damage during the winter 2011/12.
Colorful roses
2011: white and pink roses
2012: after winter damage new plantings in shades of yellow .
Because the domestic rose production is not large enough, the new, yellow roses were ordered in Germany (Castor).
Goldelse, candlelight, Hanseatic city of Rostock.
Watering
Waterinr of the Floribunda in the morning at 11 clock
What roses do not like at all, and what attracts pests really magically, the foliage is wet. Therefore, the Floribunda roses are in the People's Garde poured in the morning at 11 clock, so that the leaves can dry thoroughly.
Ground sprinklers pouring only the root crown, can not be used because the associated hoses should be buried in the earth, and that in turn collide with the Erdanhäufung (amassing of earth) that is made for winter protection. Choosing the right time to do it, it requires a lot of sense. Is it too early, so still too warm, the bed roses begin to drive again, but this young shoots freeze later, inevitably, because they are too thin.
1000 Tree roses
Most standard roses are found in the rose garden.
During the renovation of the Temple of Theseus the asphalt was renewed in 2011, which was partially only a few centimeters thick, and so was the danger that trucks with heavy transports break into. Due to this construction site the entire flower bed in front had to be replaced.
Now the high-stem Rose Maria Theresia is a nice contrast to the white temple, at her feet sits the self-cleaning floribunda aspirin. Self-cleaning means that withered flowers fall off and rarely maintenance care is needed.
Pink 'Maria Theresa' and white 'aspirin' before the temple of Theseus
Standard tree rose Maria Theresa
Floribunda aspirin
The concept of the (high) standard roses refers to a special type of rose decoration. Suitable varieties of roses are not grafted near the ground, but at a certain height of the trunk. With that the rose gardener sets the height of the crown fixed (60 cm, 90 cm, 140 cm)
Plantings - Pests - Winter Care
Normally about 50 roses in the People's Garden annually have to be replaced because of winter damages and senility. Till a high standard rose goes on sale, it is at least 4 years old. With replantings the soil to 50 cm depth is completely replaced (2/3 basic soil, 1/3 compost and some peat ).
Roses have enemies, such as aphids. Against them the Pirimor is used, against the Buchsbaumzünsler (Box Tree Moth, Cydalima perspectalis) Calypso (yet - a resistance is expected).
In popular garden roses are sprayed with poison, not only when needed, but also as a precaution, since mildew and fire rose (both are types of fungi) also overwinter.
Therefore it is also removed as far as possible with the standard roses before packing in winter the foliage.
Pest Control with Poison
The "Winter Package " first is made with paper bags, jute bags, then it will be pulled (eg cocoa or coffee sacks - the commercially available yard goods has not proven).
They are stored in the vault of the gardener deposit in the Burggarten (below the Palm House). There namely also run the heating pipes. Put above them, the bags after the winter can be properly dried.
Are during the winter the mice nesting into the packaged roses, has this consequences for the crows want to approach the small rodents and are getting the packaging tatty. It alreay has happened that 500 standard roses had to be re-wrapped.
"Winter Package" with paper and jute bags
300 ambling roses
The Schlingrosen (Climbing Roses) sit "as a framing" behind the standard roses.
Schlingrose pearl from the Vienna Woods
Schlingrose Danube
Schlingrose tenor
Although climbing roses are the fastest growing roses, they get along with very little garden space.
They have no rootlets as the evergreen ivy, nor can they wind up like a honeysuckle. Their only auxiliary tool are their spines with which they are entangled in their ascent mesh.
Climbing roses can reach stature heights of 2 to 3 meters.
4 x/year fertilizing
4 times a year, the soil is fertilized. From August, but no more, because everything then still new drives would freeze to death in winter. Well-rotted horse manure as fertilizer was used (straw mixed with horse manure, 4 years old). It smelled terrible, but only for 2 days.
Since the City of Vienna may only invest more plant compost heap (the EU Directive prohibits animal compost heap on public property), this type of fertilization is no longer possible to the chagrin of gardeners, and roses.
In the people garden in addition is foliar fertilizer used (it is sprayed directly on the leaves and absorbed about this from the plant).
Finishes in the Augarten
Old rose varieties are no longer commercially available. Maybe because they are more sensitive, vulnerable. Thus, the bud of Dr. F. Debat already not open anymore, if it has rained twice.
Roses need to be replaced in the People's Garden, this is sometimes done through an exchange with the Augarten Palace or the nursery, where the finishes are made. Previously there were roses in Hirschstetten and the Danube Park, but the City of Vienna has abandoned its local rose population (not to say destroyed), no exchange with these institutions is possible anymore.
Was formerly in breeding the trend to large flowers, one tends to smell roses again today. Most varieties show their resplendent, lush flowers only once, early in the rose-year, but modern varieties are more often blooming.
200 shrub roses
Some shrub roses bloom in the rose garden next to the Grillparzer Monument
Most of the shrub or park roses can be found along the fence to Heroes' Square. These types are so old, and there are now so many variations that even a species of rose connoisseurs assignment is no longer possible in many cases.
The showy, white, instensiv fragrant wild rose with its large umbels near des Triton Fountain is called Snow White.
Shrub roses are actually "Old Garden Roses" or "old roses", what a time
classification of roses is that were on the market before 1867.
Shrub roses are also called park roses because they are often planted as a soloist in a park/garden.
They grow shrubby, reaching heights up to 2 meters and usually bloom only 1 x per year.
The Renner- Rose
The most famous bush rose sits at the exit to Ballhausplatz before the presidential office.
It is named after the former Austrian President Dr. Karl Renner
When you enter, coming from the Ballhausplatz, the Viennese folk garden of particular note is a large rose bush, which is in full bloom in June.
Before that, there is a panel that indicates that the rose is named after Karl Renner, founder of the First and Second Republic. The history of the rose is a bit of an adventure. President Dr. Karl Renner was born on 14 in December 1870 in the Czech village of Untertannowitz as the last of 18 children of a poor family.
Renner output rose at Ballhausplatz
He grew up there in a small house, in the garden, a rose bush was planted.
In summer 1999, the then Director of the Austrian Federal Gardens, Peter Fischer Colbrie was noted that Karl Renner's birthplace in Untertannowitz - Dolni Dunajovice today - and probably would be demolished and the old rosebush as well fall victim to the demolition.
High haste was needed, as has already been started with the removal of the house.
Misleading inscription " reconstruction"?
The Federal Gardens director immediately went to a Rose Experts on the way to Dolni Dunajovice and discovered "as only bright spot in this dismal property the at the back entrance of the house situated, large and healthy, then already more than 80 year old rose bush".
After consultation with the local authorities Peter Fischer Colbrie received approval, to let the magnificent rose bush dig-out and transport to Vienna.
Renner Rose is almost 100 years old
A place had been found in the Viennese People´s Garden, diagonal vis-à-vis the office where the president Renner one resided. On the same day, the 17th August 1999 the rosebush was there planted and in the following spring it sprouted already with flowers.
In June 2000, by the then Minister of Agriculture Molterer and by the then Mayor Zilk was a plaque unveiled that describes the origin of the rose in a few words. Meanwhile, the "Renner-Rose" is far more than a hundred years old and is enjoying good health.
Memorial Dr. Karl Renner : The Registrar in the bird cage
Georg Markus , Courier , 2012
Sponsorships
For around 300 euros, it is possible to assume a Rose sponsorship for 5 years. A tree-sponsorship costs 300 euros for 1 year. Currently, there are about 60 plates. Behind this beautiful and tragic memories.
If you are interested in sponsoring people garden, please contact:
Master gardener Michaela Rathbauer, Castle Garden, People's Garden
M: 0664/819 83 27 volksgarten@bundesgaerten.at
Varieties
Abraham Darby
1985
English Rose
Alec 's Red
1970
Hybrid Tea Rose
Anni Däneke
1974
Hybrid Tea Rose
aspirin
Florybunda
floribunda
Bella Rosa
1982
Florybunda
floribunda
Candlelight
Dagmar Kreizer
Danube
1913
Schlingrose
Donauprinzessin
Doris Thystermann
1975
Hybrid Tea Rose
Dr. Waldheim
1975
Hybrid Tea Rose
Duftwolke
1963
Eiffel Tower
1963
English Garden
Hybrid Tea Rose
Gloria Dei
1945
Hybrid Tea Rose
Goldelse
gold crown
1960
Hybrid Tea Rose
Goldstar
1966
deglutition
Greeting to Heidelberg
1959
Schlingrose
Hanseatic City of Rostock
Harlequin
1985
Schlingrose
Jean C.N. Forestier
1919
Hybrid Tea Rose
John F. Kennedy
1965
Hybrid Tea Rose
Landora
1970
Las Vegas
1956
Hybrid Tea Rose
Mainzer Fastnacht
1964
Hybrid Tea Rose
Maria Theresa
medial
Moulineux
1994
English Rose
national pride
1970
Hybrid Tea Rose
Nicole
1985
Florybunda
Olympia 84
1984
Hybrid Tea Rose
Pearl of the Vienna Woods
1913
Schlingrose
Piccadilly
1960
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rio Grande
1973
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rose Gaujard
1957
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rubens
1859
English Rose
Rumba
snowflake
1991
Florybunda
snow white
shrub Rose
Swan
1968
Schlingrose
Sharifa Asma
1989
English Rose
city of Vienna
1963
Florybunda
Tenor
Schlingrose
The Queen Elizabeth Rose
1954
Florybunda
Tradescanth
1993
English Rose
Trumpeter
1980
Florybunda
floribunda
Virgo
1947
Hybrid Tea Rose
Winchester Cathedral
1988
English Rose
Source: Federal leadership Gardens 2012
Historic Gardens of Austria, Vienna, Volume 3 , Eva Berger, Bohlau Verlag, 2004 (Library Vienna)
Index Volksgartenstraße
www.viennatouristguide.at/Altstadt/Volksgarten/volksgarte....
Another indication of Whitley's strong Italian migrant past , with both Italian icecream parlours (Delaval) / (Breda Caffe) and fish and chips shops (Patrini's) dating their establishments to the 1920s.
Below is a chronology of New Chum's gold mining history and an indication of some of its yearly gold returns,1860 to 1937.
1859 Gold is discovered at Kiandra.
1860 - 1861 Kiandra gold rush.
1860 (March or April) - Gold is found on New Chum Hill in the vicinity of Homeward Bound claim. It is mined using a technique called ‘puddling’.
1860 (April / May) - Gold is found in the vicinity of Cornishmans claim.
1860 (late) - Gold is found in the vicinity of Pattinson and Winklers claim.
1861 (early) - Tunnelling for deep lead gold commences on New Chum in the vicinity of Pattinson and Winklers claim. Cameron and Party sink the first tunnel followed by Colquhoun and Party and then Drummond and Party.
1861 (Dec) - First water race from Three Mile Creek is constructed to bring water to Homeward Bound claim and ground sluicing commences.
1866 - Emperor Tunnel is started, below Pattinson and Winklers and Cornishmans claims
1875 - Emperor Tunnel is the only major mining on New Chum Hill, some minor ground sluicing is still underway.
1878 - Mining returns for all of Kiandra, including New Chum are very low; only 200 ounces. No water is available for ground sluicing as there is a drought. The major sluicing claims are floated and purchased by the Kiandra Gold Mining Company.
1879 - Mining of the Emperor Tunnel ends and machinery is moved to Adelong, near Tumut.
1879 - Drummond and Nuttals Tunnel is started.
1881- Construction of Three Mile Dam is started by the Kiandra Gold Mining Company.
1882 - Three Mile Dam is complete.
1883 - Water from Three Mile Dam enables hydraulic sluicing to commence on the 14th of May. Sluicing is continued day and night in three shifts. From 1883 to 1900 the Kiandra Gold Mining Company returns 5,353 ounces of gold.
1884 - 933 ounces of gold returned from hydraulic sluicing.
1885 - 1,065 ounces of gold is returned from hydraulic sluicing.
1886 - Three Mile Dam wall is raised and water supply to New Chum increased but water supply does run out.
1888 - Gold return drops to 586 ounces.
1893 - New Chum Hill sluicing claims are let out to tribute.
By 1900 hydraulic sluicing on New Chum has effectively ended.
1901 - Andrews and Pittman visit Kiandra to report on the Kiandra Lead.
1902 - Marks and Party sink a tunnel into New Chum, but it returns no gold.
1903 - Pattinson and Winklers sluicing claim is effectively abandoned.
1929 to 1934 - GH Bell retrieves a small amount of gold from sluicing New Chum.
1937 - Victorian company, the Kiandra Gold Mines tested a site on New Chum without gold returns.
Dredging was introduced in Kiandra in 1900. It increased the amount of gold production for a while but ended in 1904.
Image of mining relic by Jo Caldwell.
Using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have conducted the first search for atmospheres around temperate, Earth-sized planets beyond our solar system and found indications that increase the chances of habitability on two exoplanets.
Specifically, they discovered that the exoplanets TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c, approximately 40 light-years away, are unlikely to have puffy, hydrogen-dominated atmospheres usually found on gaseous worlds.
“The lack of a smothering hydrogen-helium envelope increases the chances for habitability on these planets,” said team member Nikole Lewis of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore. “If they had a significant hydrogen-helium envelope, there is no chance that either one of them could potentially support life because the dense atmosphere would act like a greenhouse.”
Julien de Wit of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, led a team of scientists to observe the planets in near-infrared light using Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3. They used spectroscopy to decode the light and reveal clues to the chemical makeup of an atmosphere. While the content of the atmospheres is unknown and will have to await further observations, the low concentration of hydrogen and helium has scientists excited about the implications.
“These initial Hubble observations are a promising first step in learning more about these nearby worlds, whether they could be rocky like Earth, and whether they could sustain life,” says Geoff Yoder, acting associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. “This is an exciting time for NASA and exoplanet research.”
The planets orbit a red dwarf star at least 500 million years old, in the constellation of Aquarius. They were discovered in late 2015 through a series of observations by the TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST), a Belgian robotic telescope located at ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) La Silla Observatory in Chile.
TRAPPIST-1b completes a circuit around its red dwarf star in 1.5 days and TRAPPIST-1c in 2.4 days. The planets are between 20 and 100 times closer to their star than the Earth is to the sun. Because their star is so much fainter than our sun, researchers think that at least one of the planets, TRAPPIST-1c, may be within the star’s habitable zone, where moderate temperatures could allow for liquid water to pool.
On May 4, astronomers took advantage of a rare simultaneous transit, when both planets crossed the face of their star within minutes of each other, to measure starlight as it filtered through any existing atmosphere. This double-transit, which occurs only every two years, provided a combined signal that offered simultaneous indicators of the atmospheric characters of the planets.
The researchers hope to use Hubble to conduct follow-up observations to search for thinner atmospheres, composed of elements heavier than hydrogen, like those of Earth and Venus.
“With more data, we could perhaps detect methane or see water features in the atmospheres, which would give us estimates of the depth of the atmospheres,” said Hannah Wakeford, the paper’s second author, at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
Observations from future telescopes, including NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, will help determine the full composition of these atmospheres and hunt for potential biosignatures, such as carbon dioxide and ozone, in addition to water vapor and methane. Webb also will analyze a planet’s temperature and surface pressure – key factors in assessing its habitability.
“These Earth-sized planets are the first worlds that astronomers can study in detail with current and planned telescopes to determine whether they are suitable for life,” said de Wit. “Hubble has the facility to play the central atmospheric pre-screening role to tell astronomers which of these Earth-sized planets are prime candidates for more detailed study with the Webb telescope.”
The results of the study appear in the July 20, 2016, issue of the journal Nature.
For images and more information about Hubble, visit:
hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2016-27/
View the full NASA press release here.
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Particular Aspects That Add to The Development of Diabetes Particular aspects that add to the development of diabetes are Weight problems Weight problems is among the primary reasons for diabetes. Research studies reveal that 60 to 85 % of diabetics have the tendency to be obese. In the United
www.howgetrid.net/particular-aspects-add-development-diab...
I've visited Bosbury church at least three or four times in recent years and it never disappoints, a church full of interest and remarkable in appearance, the first indication of this being the massive detached red sandstone tower that stands like a fortress at the edge of the churchyard beside the roadside, some distance from the main body of the church. It is a huge great block, like the keep of some ancient castle had been planted in a rural Herefordshire churchyard as a sentinel to watch over it, and indeed being border territory in medieval times that was largely the thinking behind it.
Holy Trinity church itself is a substantial building even without an attached tower, and dates mostly from the Transitional period, being a mix of late Norman and early Gothic styles. The only part that clearly does not belong to this phase is the Morton chantry on the south side, which erupts from the south aisle in a burst of Perpendicular traceried windows and battlements.
Inside the church feels uncommonly large for a parish church, and the nave arcades clearly evoke the stylistic cusp of the Transitional 1200s, being pointed arches but springing from Norman-style capitals. The ancient font has recently been reinstated at the west end of the nave, having been in the south aisle on my previous visits. The Morton Chantry is a delight inside, replete with a delicate late medieval vaulted ceiling with pendant bosses including a rebus of the deceased.
The most memorable features inside Bosbury church however aren't revealed until one progresses to the chancel, where this great dark space is dominated by two huge Renaissance style monuments flanking the sanctuary. They are the work of one John Guldo of Hereford, who may have been of continental origin as the style of these tombs is of a type not commonly seen here but more so in Northern Europe. The tombs of the Harford family commemorate father and son respectively, and of the two that on the north side is by far the richest in terms of its exuberant detail. There is a rustic quality to the carving, but it is nevertheless a florid and impressive display like no other.
This is one of those churches one shouldn't miss if exploring the area as it is rather special, and happily is normally open and welcoming to visitors (even on this my most recent visit, when other churches nearby were still reluctant to reopen after Lockdown).
www.britainexpress.com/counties/hereford/churches/bosbury...
Uploaded originally for the 'Guess Where UK?' Group.
Enjoying the pleasure of eating outside this beautiful, spring morning I know summer is coming when sitting on the backporch for breakfast appeals. The birds singing, the breeze whispering through the trees, and a cold poodle nose pressed against my leg...what other cliches should a picnic breakfast include?
Fritata for Utata: ham and cheese topped with sour cream and pico de gallo with a crisp bartlett pear.
p.s. Mercury you do not like pear!
Another indication of just how close the water is getting to the buildings in Haimchar. The village does not extend back very far, and it is possible that, if the current rate of erosion continues, there will be nothing left of it within a very few years.
Video of a cabinet display panel showing the FYA operation. This is a simple T intersection, but our display panels show a 4-leg intersection, with all options of overlaps and FYA for the lefts. This is in case the intersection is modified, we can simply hook up new field wires.
The left turn phase is phase 2 (not 5). Note at the end of the video, the FYA is delayed coming up after phases 4 and 8 go green. The delay is programmed in the controller. In this case, the driver seeing the left turn indication sees a red arrow for 2 seconds after the main street green occurs. After 2 seconds of red, the controller begins displaying the FYA to the left turn driver.
Photo by Frederick FN Noronha. Creative Commons. 3.0. Attribution. Non-commercial. May be reproduced for non-commercial purposes. For other purposes contact fn at goa-india dot org
While wandering around the historical Centre of Vienna we just came across St. Charles Church by accident rather than design. From the side street angle we approached nothing outside was to give any indication of the magnificent interior of this baroque masterpiece. As we had seen so many beautiful churches throughout this tour of Northern Europe it was going to take something special to impress. This wonderful church does impress. The baroque style is not one we are familiar with and it is easy to see how it can look ostentatious and even over the top but when it is right it is so right.
Vienna (Wien in German ) is the capital and largest city of Austria with a population of 2.4 million more than 20% of Austria's population. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Vienna was one of he great Imperial capitals of Europe pre WWI and has a beautiful historical city centre.
Due to a nasty thunderstorm on 6-29-12 the power was out in deshler,ohio area and they were powering the signal's with generators but there is no indication displayed here.
No indication of whether this gallant man performed these acts on or off duty. During WW1 air raids on British towns and cities were carried out by Zeppelins and Gotha bombers.
Old St Nicholas' Church dates from around 1080, but a wooden church is thought to have been on the site in 700 AD. It is partially ruined, with the nave roof missing. It was remodelled in the late Middle Ages, and restored in 1846. The porch was rebuilt in 1904, but the church has been semi derelict since the opening of the new St Nicholas' Church in 1944, down the hill. It is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust, but services are still occasionally held there. It was locked today.
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Daily Shoot: indications
#ds360
Indication: Prepare to stop at next signal. Train exceeding medium speed must at once reduce to that speed.
Signal indication north to Green Bay. Just beyond the yellow over green signal, they will enter the Fox River sub and head to Green Bay.
No...!
First indication of spring...!!!
It's a part of an elder-bush in our garden with a little new shoot......
An indication of how much rain we have had recently; when we lit the fire this looked like solid ground, within five minutes it was slippery mud!
The Forty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 8 to April 11, 2019.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Indications of the levels a flood of a highly alkaline caustic sludge reached could be seen on the destroyed walls of a house in Kolontar, Hungary on October 7, 2010.
A sludge reservoir at a nearby factory burst its banks on October 4, 2010, unleashing a lethal flood on nearly 200 million gallons of red mud. The mud is a byproduct of the conversion of bauxite to alumina, for aluminium. Eight people were killed and more than 100 were injured.
This sign is a good indication of how isolated the community of Meadowmere is. It's one of the very few places in Queens where the borough's standard hyphenated addresses are not used. And the street numbers (1st through 3rd) are an anomaly as well. Starting a century ago, a single massive, messy street grid was imposed on almost all of Queens, with the notable exception of the Rockaway Peninsula, which has an independently numbered set of streets. But there are still a couple of renegade pockets of the borough that have their own street numbers, and Meadowmere is one.
The street pictured above is one of three different First (or 1st) Streets in Queens. The one that belongs to the borough-wide grid is in western Astoria (map), and there is another in the almost-as-obscure-as-Meadowmere neighborhood of Ramblersville (map). Interestingly, while there's no Second or Third Street in Ramblersville, 102nd Street and 104th Street (and a handful of avenues/drives/roads) from the main Queens grid do manage to sneak in and mix it up with their low-numbered cousin.
Indications of the levels a flood of a highly alkaline caustic sludge reached could be seen on the walls of a house in Kolontar, Hungary on October 6, 2010.
A sludge reservoir at a nearby factory burst its banks on October 4, 2010, unleashing a lethal flood on nearly 200 million gallons of red mud. The mud is a byproduct of the conversion of bauxite to alumina, for aluminium. Eight people were killed and more than 100 were injured.
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Year indication of the rebuilding of the local financial city office (Finanzamt Wittlich), after it was partly destroyed by a local 1926 civil riot.
The year is chiselled in gray natural stone, and coloured with gold paint.
Seen on the facade of an old state office, built in sober architecture, without any decorative elements. Only the entrance part has some ornamentation with an eagle sculpture on top of it.
Original architect unknown.
About the history of the use of year stones in architecture:
English: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_plate
Dutch: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muuranker
And: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaartallen_op_gebouwen
Bernkastel-Kues, Cusanusstrasse, Mosel Valley, Rheinland-Pfalz, Oct. 13, 2013.
© 2013 Sander Toonen Amsterdam | All Rights Reserved
During the general election campaign of 1885 in Ireland, Parnell emphasised the intention of his party to secure home rule and gave some indications of the sort of scheme he would accept. In May 1886, he supported Gladstone’s First Home Rule bill. Parnell’s speech in Cork on 21 January 1885 was probably the most famous and certainly the most widely quoted of his career. A phrase from it adorns his monument in Dublin. He called for land reform, the development of Irish manufacturing industry and a restoration of an Irish parliament along the lines of Grattan’s parliament.
Source. Cork Examiner, 22 January 1885.
"… At the election in 1880 I laid certain principles before you and you accepted them. I said and I pledged myself, that I should form one of an independent Irish party to act in opposition to every English government which refused to concede the just rights of Ireland. And the longer time which is gone by since then, the more I am convinced that that is the true policy to pursue so far as parliamentary policy is concerned, and that it will be impossible for either or both of the English parties to contend for any long time against a determine band of Irishmen acting honestly upon these principles, and backed by the Irish people.
But we have not alone had that object view—we have always been very careful not to fetter or control the people at home in any way, not to prevent them from doing anything by their own strength which it is possible for them to do. Sometimes, perhaps, in our anxiety in this direction we have asked them to do what is beyond their strength, but I hold that it is better even to encourage you to do what is beyond your strength even should you fail sometimes in the attempt than to teach you to be subservient and unreliant. You have been encouraged to organise yourselves, to depend upon the rectitude of your cause for your justification, and to depend upon the determination which has helped Irishmen through many centuries to retain the name of Ireland and to retain her nationhood.
Nobody could point to any single action of ours in the House of Commons or out of it which was not based upon the knowledge that behind us existed a strong and brave people, that without the help of the people our exertions would be as nothing, and that with their help and with their confidence we should be, as I believe we shall prove to be in the near future, invincible and unconquerable…
We shall struggle, as we have been struggling, for the great and important interests of the Irish tenant farmer. We shall ask that his industry shall not be fettered by rent. We shall ask also from the farmer in return that he shall do what in him lies to encourage the struggling manufactures of Ireland, and that he shall not think it too great a sacrifice to be called upon when he wants anything, when he has to purchase anything, to consider how he may get it of Irish material and manufacture, even supposing he has to pay a little more for it. I am sorry if the agricultural population has shown itself somewhat deficient in its sense of duty in this respect up to the present time, but I feel convinced that the matter has only to be put before them to secure the opening up of most important markets in this country for those manufactures which have always existed, and for those which have been reopened anew, as a consequence of the recent exhibitions, the great exhibition in Dublin and the other equally great one in Cork, which have been recently held.
We shall also endeavour to secure for the labourer some recognition and some right in the land of his country. We don’t care whether it be the prejudices of the farmer or of the landlord that stands in his way. We consider that whatever class tries to obstruct the labourer in the possession of those fair and just rights to which he is entitled, that class should be putdown, and coerced if you will, into doing justice to the labourer. …
Well, but gentlemen, I go back from the consideration of these questions to the Land Question, in which the labourers’ question is also involved and the manufacturers’ question. I come back—and every Irish politician must be forcibly driven back—to the consideration of the great question of National Self-Government for Ireland. I do not know how this great question will be eventually settled. I do not know whether England will be wise in time and concede to constitutional arguments and methods the restitution of that which was stolen from us towards the close of the last century. It is given to none of us to forecast the future, and just as it is impossible for us to say in what way or by what means the National question may be settled, in what way full justice may be done to Ireland, so it is impossible for us to say to what extent that justice should be done. We cannot ask for less than restitution of Grattan’s Parliament. But no man has the right to fix the boundary to the march of a nation. No man has a right to say to his country: ‘Thus far shalt thou go, and no further’; and we have never attempted to fix the ne plus ultra to the progress of Ireland's nationhood, and we never shall.
But gentlemen, while we leave those things to time, circumstances, and the future, we must each one of us resolve in our own hearts that we shall at all times do everything which within us lies to obtain for Ireland the fullest measure of her rights. In this way we shall avoid difficulties and contentions amongst each other. In this way we shall not give up anything which the future may put in favour of our country, and while we struggle today for that which may seem possible for us with our combination, we must struggle for it with the proud consciousness, and that we shall not do anything to hinder or prevent better men who may come after us from gaining better things than those for which we now contend."
Christmas trees come in many forms, and I really like this one, constructed of books! Found in our local book store, it is yet another indication of the store's connection to the community: the books for this project were donated by community members.
Note: No books were injured while participating in this project. 😉
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The Silverton School was built in 1889 and had several students and two teachers to a single room. An attached residence was demolished at a later date. Dame Mary Gilmore was an assistant teacher here from 1887 - 1889. With the decline in population across the Silverton township since the 1910s, the school eventually closed in 1970. A museum opened here in 2009, but with limited volunteers, the buildings purpose remains unknown.
Silverton:
The first indication of silver–lead mineralisation in the Barrier Rangers came in late 1875 with the discovery of galena by Julius Charles Nickel and Dan McLean while they were well sinking on Thackaringa Station, near the South Australian - New South Wales border.
In 1879 John Stokie established a store at Umberumberka, 19 km north of Thackaringa. He continued prospecting and discovered silver–lead veins nearby, which he pegged with Edward Pegler in November 1881. A 100 ton parcel of ore was shipped to England for a 40% profit. The following October the Umberumberka Silver Lead Mining Company Ltd was floated with nominal capital of £20 000. Umberumberka was the second area of silver–lead mineralisation discovered in the Barrier Ranges and the new company was the first to be publicly floated. The town of Silverton soon developed close to the mine and became the main settlement of the growing silver field.
Silverton was surveyed in 1883, by which time Australia had a population of 2, 250, 194. By September that year, the population of Silverton was 250, and by December 1883 it had doubled. That year the Day Dream Mine opened and attracted an additional population of 400 - 500 people. In 1884 1,222 mineral leases, 937 business permits and 114 miners' rights were issued. That same year 6,000 tonnes of ore were extracted and the town acquired its own newspaper, the Silver Age.
By 1885 - 1886 the town's population had reached 3,000. Silverton was proclaimed a township in 1885 and a municipality the following year. In 1885 a short-lived smelter was established at Day Dream Mine, operating for only a year. In 1892 the Umberumberka Mine closed, followed by the Day Dream Mine. The Pioneer Mine at Thackaringa closed in 1897. By 1901, after miners had moved to the richer fields at Broken Hill, the town went into decline and only 286 people remained. Today the town has a population of around 50 people, most of whom work in tourism.
The Silverton Tramway Company:
The Silverton Tramway Company, a rare private railway of 50klms in length, was incorporated in New South Wales October 14, 1886 and the line was completed and opened for traffic on January 12, 1888. One of only two privately owned railways in the state, the tramway was originally founded to transport ore from local mines in the Broken Hill and Silverton region into South Australia. The company soon branched out, not only carrying ore from the mines but freighted other goods and offered a passenger service which accounted for a third of their business.
The company serviced travellers on long trips heading interstate to Semaphore (Adelaide) to the Largs Bay Holiday Camp and excursions for local community groups often conveying passengers to Silverton and McCulloch Park (at Stephens Creek) for the day and returning to Broken Hill in the afternoon. When traveling to South Australia the train would travel from Broken Hill, through Silverton and then to Burns which is on the New South Wales side of the border of Cockburn (a town divided by the NSW/SA border).
In 1927 the New South Wales government completed the railway from Sydney to Broken Hill, thus joining the Silverton Tramway and completing the link from Sydney to Adelaide. It played a strategic role in the trans-Australia network until 1970, when it was surpassed by the New South Wales Government Railways (Indian-Pacific). From 1888-1970 it was critical to the economic functioning of Broken Hill, by providing the key transport of ore to the Port Pirie smelters. It played a significant role in the politics and recreation of Broken Hill, and a crucial role at times of water shortage in Broken Hill.
Today, Silverton resides in the Unincorporated Area of New South Wales (NSW) and so does not feature a City Council. It is run by the Silverton Village Committee, who to this day hold their quarterly meetings in the Silverton Municipal Chambers.
Dame Mary Gilmore:
Dame Mary Jean Gilmore (1865 - 1962), writer, was born on the 16th of August 1865 at Mary Vale, Woodhouselee, near Goulburn, New South Wales, eldest child of Donald Cameron, a farmer, born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, and his native-born wife Mary Ann, née Beattie. Her father had migrated to Australia in 1838 from Fort William, and her mother's family had come from County Armagh, Ireland, in 1842. The Camerons and Beatties owned adjoining properties.
Donald Cameron, a wanderer by nature, was in turn a farmer, mail contractor, property manager, carpenter, innkeeper, and builder, moving with his family around south-western New South Wales. Later Mary's mother lived in Sydney and wrote for the Australian Town and Country Journal and the Daily Telegraph. At 7, Mary went to school briefly at Brucedale near Wagga Wagga and at 9 to Wagga Wagga Public School. In 1877 the family moved to Houlaghan's Creek and she attended the school at Downside. For the next four years she was an unofficial pupil-teacher in small schools at Cootamundra, Bungowannah, and Yerong Creek. At 16 she passed a formal entrance examination and began as a probationary pupil-teacher at the Superior Public School, Wagga Wagga. After a period of ill health and failure in a teacher's examination in December 1884, she resigned, but was re-employed in May 1886 at Beaconsfield Provisional School. She was transferred in March 1887 to Illabo Public School. After passing the IIIA teachers' examination, Mary was appointed in October 1887 as temporary assistant at Silverton Public School near Broken Hill. She remained there until December 1889 spending the Christmas vacation of 1888 - 1889 in Sydney with her mother. Mary was transferred to Neutral Bay Public School in January 1890.
Her relationship with Henry Lawson probably began in 1890: in 1923 she recalled that 'It was a strange meeting that between young Lawson and me. I had come down permanently to the city from Silverton'. Her account of an unofficial engagement and Lawson's wish to marry her at the time of his brief trip to Western Australia (May-September 1890) could be accurate regarding dates, but there is no other corroborative evidence. There was clearly, however, a close relationship between them in 1890 - 1895, but it was broken by his frequent absences from Sydney. Mary's later comments on his career were always somewhat proprietorial but the extent of her influence on his literary talents and her contribution to his literary education remain unsubstantiated.
In May 1891, Mary was transferred to Stanmore Superior Public School. She had become involved in the increasing radicalism of the day, supporting the maritime and shearers' strikes as actively as possible for a schoolteacher subject to the strict rules of the Department of Public Instruction. It was her lifelong claim that she had, under her brother John's name, been co-opted to the first executive of the Australian Workers' Union. She assisted William Lane and the New Australia movement, and was largely responsible for overcoming the financial difficulties that threatened to prevent the departure for Paraguay of the Royal Tar on the 16th of July 1893. On the 31st of October 1895 she resigned from teaching and sailed from Sydney in November in the Ruapehu, arriving at the Cosme settlement in Paraguay in January 1896. She married fellow colonist, a Victorian shearer, William Alexander Gilmore (1866 - 1945), at Cosme on the 25th of May 1897 and their only child William Dysart Cameron Gilmore (1898 - 1945) was born on the 21st of August 1898 at Villarica, near Cosme. In August 1899 the Gilmores resigned from Cosme and Will left the settlement to work at various jobs. In November 1900 the family went to Rio Gallegos in southern Patagonia where Will worked on a ranch and Mary gave English lessons. On the 1st of April 1902 they reached England, stayed briefly with Lawson and his family in London, and arrived in Australia in the Karlsruhe in July.
Back in her familiar Sydney environment, Mary was attracted to the busy literary and political scene but, acknowledging her family responsibilities, went with her husband to Strathdownie, near Casterton in western Victoria, where Will's parents had a property. Life there was far from congenial but she had a long-sustained correspondence with Alfred George Stephens of the Bulletin and was delighted to have her life and work featured in the 'Red Page' on the 3rd of October 1903. In 1907 they moved into Casterton where Billy attended school. Mary's long connexion with the Australian Worker began in 1908 when, in response to her request for a special page for women, the editor Hector Lamond invited her to write it herself. She was to edit the 'Women's Page' until the 11th of February 1931. Mary also began campaigning for the Labor Party, helping to have its candidate for the Federal seat of Wannon elected in 1906 and 1910. Her first collection of poems, Marri'd, and other Verses, simple colloquial lyrics, written mainly at Cosme and Casterton, commenting on the joys, hopes, and disappointments of life's daily round, was published in 1910 by George Robertson & Co. Pty Ltd of Melbourne, on the advice of Bernard O'Dowd who professed to be 'simply enraptured with their lyric magic'.
The Gilmores left Casterton in 1912, Mary and her son going to Sydney where she had the security of her Worker position and Billy the opportunity of a secondary education, while Will joined his brother on the land in the Cloncurry district of Queensland. They were rarely reunited in the years that followed, but, loose and impersonal as the husband-wife relationship must have appeared to outside observers, it was always characterized by affection, respect, and abiding mutual interest.
Mary was soon involved in literary activities. A staunch supporter of journals such as the Bulletin, the Lone Hand, and the Book-fellow, she invested her own (borrowed) money in the latter to prevent its closure through bankruptcy. The accounts in 1913 - 1916 of Mary Gilmore trading as the Book-fellow and her correspondence with Stephens indicate the scope of her participation. Her second volume of poetry, the Passionate Heart (1918), reflected her horrified reaction to World War I. Poems such as 'The measure' stress the futility and waste of war, while 'Gallipoli', a deeply felt, imaginative account of that famous battlefield with its scars covered by the recurring miracle of spring, offers consolation to those grieving for the loss of loved ones. She gave the royalties from the Passionate Heart to the soldiers blinded in the war. In 1922 her first book of prose, a collection of essays entitled Hound of the Road, was published. In the early 1920s her health, never robust, became a problem. High blood pressure and heart trouble led to a stay in hospital in Sydney in 1920; she was sent to Goulburn by her doctor to escape the pressure of city life at different times between 1921 and 1924. In 1925 a third volume of verse, the Tilted Cart, appeared; the poems were accompanied by copious notes indicating her keen interest in recording the minutiae of the pioneer past.
Mary Gilmore's final years with the Worker were not placid: she resigned at the end of January 1931. Her book of verse, the Wild Swan, had been published in 1930; its radical themes, together with its anguish over the ravaging of the land by white civilization and the destruction of Aboriginal lore, making it her most impressive work to that point. It was followed in 1931 by the book of largely religious verse, the Rue Tree, which she claimed was a tribute to the Sisters of the Convent of Mercy at Goulburn, and in 1932 by Under the Wilgas. Her twin books of prose reminiscences, Old Days, Old Ways: a Book of Recollections and More Recollections were published in 1934 and 1935. In them she recaptures the spirit and atmosphere of pioneering. These anecdotal accounts which present 'Australia as she was when she was most Australian' are lively and attractive examples of her skill as a prose writer and, although unreliable and romanticized, have become invaluable sources of the legend of the pioneer days.
Over the years Mary Gilmore campaigned in the Worker and any other available forum for a wide range of social and economic reforms, such as votes for women, old-age and invalid pensions, child endowment, and improved treatment of returned servicemen, the poor and deprived and, above all, of Aboriginals. She wrote numerous letters, as well as contributing articles and poems, to the Sydney Morning Herald on these causes and such diverse subjects as the English language, the Prayer Book, earthquakes, Gaelic and the immigration laws, the waratah as a national emblem, the national anthem, and Spanish Australia. All her life she encouraged young writers and enthused over their work. She carried on a prolific correspondence with many friends including Dowell O'Reilly, Hugh McCrae, Nettie Palmer, George Mackaness, Alec Chisholm, and Robert FitzGerald. In 1980 a selection of her letters was published posthumously. She was a founder of the Lyceum Club, Sydney, a founder and vice-president in 1928 of the Fellowship of Australian Writers, an early member of the New South Wales Institute of Journalists and life member of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
To mark the considerable public acclaim for her literary and social achievements, she was appointed D.B.E. in 1937. Thereafter she was a celebrated public figure. She published a new volume of poems, Battlefields, in 1939. The title referred to her own radical campaigns. During World War II, perched in her Kings Cross flat at 99 Darlinghurst Road, she anathematized German and Japanese ambitions of world domination. She recognized the growing threat to Australia in her stirring call to Australian patriotism, the poem 'No Foe Shall Gather our Harvest', while she castigated Allied incompetence and corruption in the poem 'Singapore', just after its fall. In 1945 her husband and son both died in Queensland.
From 1952 Mary Gilmore was associated with the Communist newspaper Tribune, largely because of her pacifism and her anger at the government's attitude to the Youth Carnival for Peace and Friendship then being staged in Sydney. Her Tribune column 'Arrows' appeared regularly until mid-1962, commenting on contemporary Australian and world affairs. In 1954, as she approached her ninetieth year, she published her final volume of poetry, Fourteen Men. The Australasian Book Society commissioned William Dobell to paint her portrait for her 92nd birthday in 1957. She strongly defended the controversial portrait because she felt it captured something of her ancestry; she donated it to the Art Gallery of New South Wales.
Her last years were made memorable by ever-increasing signs of public esteem. Her birthdays were celebrated publicly by Sydney literati and ordinary folk alike; streets, roads, schools, old people's homes were named after her; literary awards and scholarships were given in her name; visitors from Australia's literary and political world, and overseas admirers, made regular pilgrimages to her; her pronouncements were highlighted by the media; she made television and radio appearances; she led May Day processions as the May Queen. She died on the 3rd of December 1962 (Eureka Day) and, after a state funeral at St Stephen's Presbyterian Church, Macquarie Street, was cremated, her ashes being buried in her husband's grave in the Cloncurry Cemetery, Queensland; she was survived by a grandson. Her estate was valued for probate at £12,023.
Mary Gilmore's significance is both literary and historical. As poet and prose writer she has drawn considerable praise from such connoisseurs of literature as McCrae, FitzGerald, Judith Wright, Douglas Stewart, and Tom Inglis Moore. She wrote too much (often on ephemeral trivia) and too hastily, but her best verse—brief lyrics such as 'Nationality', 'Eve-Song', 'The Tenancy', 'Never Admit the Pain', 'Gallipoli', 'The Flight of the Swans'—are among the permanent gems of Australian poetry. As patriot, feminist, social crusader, and folklorist she has now passed into Australian legend.
Besides the Dobell portrait of Dame Mary Gilmore, the Art Gallery of New South Wales holds one by Joshua Smith and a bronze head by Rayner Hoff; portraits by Eric Saunders and Mary McNiven are held by the National Library of Australia, Canberra.
Source: Silverton NSW (www.aussietowns.com.au/town/silverton-nsw), New South Wales Heritage Register, Discover Broken Hill (discoverbrokenhill.com.au/silverton-nsw/historic-building...), "The pathway to Broken Hill: Early discoveries in the Barrier Ranges, New South Wales, Australia" by Kenneth George McQueen, and 'Aplin, Graeme; S.G. Foster; Michael McKernan, eds. (1987). Australians: Events and Places. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. p. 97' & Australian Dictionary of Biography.
EDITED later (with apologies to artWannabe and his comment below...) > To avoid confusion, this explanation:
One might call this a surreal or semi-abstract performance? The performance is me visiting my abstracts in a 'gallery'. The gallery is my recent 100 or so abstract macro images at their biggest resolution (1600x1200 pixels) run as a slide show from one of my digital cameras.The slideshow is fed onto my living room quite-large TV screen through a video/AV lead. I sit near the TV and light myself from below/side with my table lamp. At the same time I have another camera, my Olympus mp3 player camera, on a tripod, shooting me visiting this mock gallery slideshow continuously. I get it to shoot automatically about once every 4 seconds via a modification I made at the camera.
(do you think where possible, it's better to have the gallery visitor in black & white, like in this image, via Photoshop.......or better to leave him in colour?)
from 'Abstract Will Eat Itself' project.
a.k.a. 'Jam's Poor Man Gallery'.
It finally happened. You 1 or 2 guys who've been teasing me about stick this one or that one in a gallery have got your wish. I was curious (and gullible : ) enough to go with it.
Abstract image: is from my photostream and some of you have seen it before www.flickr.com/photos/28727333@N05/4252054665/in/set-7215... . Shot with Sony Mavica FD200 + hacked lens blutacked on as closeup lens. The abstract image is a macro experiment using a household fluid or 2 on clear glass. Backlit with light bounced off shiny peanut/gift packaging.
This whole image: Shot with Olympus m:robe mr500i mp3 player-1.2 Mpixel camera modified to auto/remote shoot from a tripod.
Abstract really can eat itself.
Gare #indication #itineraire #map #plansncf #sncf #plandesgarecotedazur #train #transport #cotedazur #chemindefer #garesdessrvies #plaquemetal #patm666photos
View of the “Albanian Geographical Indications and Traditional Cultural Expressions” exhibition co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Albania.
Held on the sidelines of the WIPO Assemblies, the exhibition featured geographical indications and traditional cultural expressions from Albania.
The WIPO Assemblies took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 8-17, 2025.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Here's what I'd written up in my description for this photo (until today).: "No indication who this stylish silver guy with the slicked-back hair is on this monument. (The anonymity is part of its charm.) I suspect this is an educational institution and he's a graduate, ready to take on the world with his book, outfit, hairdo, and determined expression. I passed this bldg. walking into town having just hitched in from Mir. Here it is on google maps. (The convex bit faces north.): www.google.ca/maps/@53.5985897,25.8390775,130m/data=!3m1!... "
Update: Nope. This is a young Lenin (I shoulda guessed), and the bldg. had been a courthouse and was used as part of an internment or concentration camp for local Jews from at least Aug. 1942 to Sept. 26, 1943. I've just learned of the existence of the Jewish Resistance museum in former barracks just to the left of this courthouse on the site of what had been a Nazi-run concentration camp (I think. It's referred to as a 'ghetto' in the video in the next link below, but appears to be a small camp to me.) The museum opened its doors in 2007, 2 yr.s before I passed by, which I guess would explain why it wasn't in the Bradt guide that I had at the time. A vintage photo of the courthouse is shown and the bldg. is discussed from the 21:05 min. pt. in the virtual-tour video in the next link; a model of the camp or ghetto is seen at the 23:30 min. pt., and it's unmistakable. It was filled with workshops where the prisoners were put to work. www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiuGHzxJaFg
- From a plaque in the museum captured in a video that's now off-line: "Workshops and stables of the courthouse were used as barracks for the ghetto inmates from Aug. 1942. More than 500 people lived here. Close to 300 prisoners, mainly women and children, became victims of the 4th massacre on May 7, 1943."
- The famous Kushner family hailed from Navahrudak. Photos of Jared's great-grandparents are on display in the museum, and according to the article in the next link, his grandmother Rae was born here and it was here that his great-grandmother and great-aunt were murdered by the Nazis.: lareviewofbooks.org/article/navahrudaks-native-sons-a-rep...
"During World War II, Rae, her father, and 3 siblings were held in the town’s small Jewish ghetto [here], where they helped dig a 600-foot earthen tunnel through which they and about 170 local Jews escaped the same fate. They fled into the nearby Naliboki forest where they were taken in by a group of partisans, one of whom, Yosl Berkovitz, later married Rae and became Joseph Kushner, taking his bride’s more prominent surname. Rae’s brother, Chanon, was killed during their flight; Charlie Kushner, Jared’s father, was named after him, and has made regular pilgrimages to this small Belarusian hamlet for three decades. ... The Kushners’ remarkable escape is also depicted in 'Defiance', a 2008 motion picture about the Bielski partisans starring Daniel Craig." www.youtube.com/watch?v=QP0CXXWogIM
- Here's a clip or a trailer from a documentary re the search for and excavation of the tunnel.: www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSmZlLvv1vU
- Scenes and photos from Nahahrudak filmed and taken in 1918 and 1931 (with an intense sdtrk.), the synagogue is seen at the 1:33 min. pt. www.youtube.com/watch?v=pohHdCPEDes
- "During Mickiewicz’s time, Jews made up over 50 % of the local population, and Muslim Tatars composed another 20 %. “It was a kind of Jerusalem,” Vershitskaya [a local] says. In her mind, Navahrudak is notable for being a place where Muslims, Orthodox Christians, and Jews long coexisted, a thoroughfare for marauding armies and tradesmen, a place accustomed to shifting borders and the close presence of foreigners. The Belarusian city has, over the centuries, belonged to Lithuania, Poland, and the Soviet Union. ... The city center was bombed 4 times during the war; the synagogues and Jewish prayer houses were destroyed, but the town’s mosque and several churches still stand. Of the city’s prewar population of 6,000 Jews, @ 5 remain."
- Now this from the same article: "A silver stone bust of a young Lenin marks the entrance to the site where the Kushners were once imprisoned. Behind it stands the hulking white former courthouse, where the town’s Jewish residents were imprisoned. Around the corner, in the old barracks, is Vershitskaya’s three-room museum. ... A few years ago, survivors of the Navahrudak ghetto returned to help find the remains of the escape tunnel, uncovering a few of its decaying wooden walls beside the trade school’s garage for disused tractor trailers. Charlie Kushner has donated $36,000 to support the museum and pledged another $44,000 toward a project to preserve their findings and to build a memorial dedicated to those who were interned in the Navahrudak ghetto."
Update March 2024: Nope, Jared Kushner does NOT sound like a nice guy. In a recent interview at Harvard (on Feb. 15) he "praised the “very valuable” potential of Gaza’s “waterfront property” and suggested Israel should remove civilians while it “cleans up” the strip. ... Asked by Masoud about fears on the part of Arabs in the region that the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, would not allow Palestinians who flee Gaza to return, Kushner paused and then said: “Maybe. I am not sure there is much left of Gaza at this point. If you think about even the construct, Gaza was not really a historical precedent [sic]. It was the result of a war. You had tribes in different places and then Gaza became a thing. ..." www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/19/jared-kushner-gaz...