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Black gate
Bruce, with the aid of cowl implemented night vision goggles, navigates his way through the pitch black tunnels of the prisons ventilation system
He hears the eerie sound of punches nasally singing voice at optimum pitch and kicks through the grate landing on both feet among a mountain of rubble. He follows punch until he comes to a glass screen. It looks like it could be a maximum security cell. And clearly the cell of an Arkham inmate judging by the strange scratchings reminiscent of a calendar on the walls and the smell of fresh blood. Both unluckily and luckily for Bruce, the inmate’s nowhere to be found. On the other side of the glass, punch for perhaps the first time in his short life, feels genuine human fear. He stops singing as the two blank eyes of the boy he so cruelly tortured and used for all those years stare into his black soul.
Punch: come for something?...spare muzzle here If you want it....
Tensil says nothing. He lifts a can of petrol to his side and draws a circle around himself and around punch
Punch turns for help only to find Otis and the getaway genius atleast 100 metres out of the picture
Tensil: remind me...how long have you abused me. 3 years? Four years. Maybe just the one. Nonetheless it felt like decades. But that’s okay because you gave me time...time to plan.
Punch: l..look we can make a deal can’t...we..we can. Yeah. Uh y’dont need to be hasty bout it. Hehe
Tensil: you are fearful then. No love. No passion. Not even hate. But you do have fear. Makes this easier for me.
Bruce begins to kick at the glass. Doesn’t break of course. It’s designed that way. He left the glass cutter in the batmobile. He then decides to opt for some of the fallen bricks and begins to hurl them at the glass. He does this till he sees a crack start to show
Tensil drops a match and lights the fire.
Punch: ohh...sh..shit
Tensil: yes. That’s right. Shit. We pronounce it sheght but shit works too
He grins...then lurches at punch till they are but 2 or 3 inches apart
Tensil: this is not easy for me. No wait it is. Just not for you...
Punch kicks him in the stomach and begins to run. Tensil throws the can of petrol straight at him. Covered in the deadly stuff punch dashes through the flames instantly igniting. With blackened skin barely hanging from his face, he crawls back to Tensil.
Punch: please...
Tensil: okay.
So with the gracious hand of the saviour Tensil pours a ton of water over punches head
Punch: thank..you thank you sir
He then turns his head up to Tensils and grinning, he spits.
But within seconds the deadly matter eater lad has feasted his sharp katana like teeth into the thick and greasy peeling skin of one pathetic fallen jester. He begins to bite,...to swallow,...and to digest.
Bruce screams out as the glass finally breaks letting him through.
Batman: no!! It did not have to be like this
Tensil, still eating away at his prey: no it did. There was no compromise. You should know that. Oh and remember that c4 inside my stomach. I lied in saying it would do no harm to me.
He then graciously, lies down next to what few parts are left of old punch. He takes a grenade from punches belt, Sets it off and swallows it
Tensil: run batman run
Bruce realising nothing can be done, begins to pace through the hallways till he finally ducks behind some rubble and a few steel sheets
Both punch and Tensil erupt in flames once again bringing the skeletal structure hopelessly to its knees
———————————————————
Gordon’s office
Amidst a clutter of paperwork and files, Gordon and bullock discuss the events of the prison break.
Harvey: we got all the prisoners back but nowhere to put em. Apparently strikers island is able to be repurposed for the time being but it’s in a pretty bad state and hasn’t been used in years
Gordon: And Arkham?
Harvey: eh. Still undergoing renovation I’m afraid but only for another 6 months. by then we can put the Arkham patients in there and the renovations to Blackgate might also be done. But for now the damage assessment’s still being done so we’ll have to wait till tommorow to really know how long it’ll take
Gordon: that’s not too bad. I agree that Strykers could definitely be reused but for the most part we should probably just be getting them into prisons around the country for now. Send some to star city, Metropolis and central city. Then we can work on getting the government to give us strykers.
And what about the lot who caused the whole thing. The moth man hehe
Harvey: he scampered along with drake Mortimer. His accomplice was allegedly killed in the flames but no body has been found. And as for Lenny. We missed him but he left his mask so we should be able to trace him easily enough
Gordon: thank god. Guessing loeb was right when he gave me that dead end case. As much as it sickens me to say. Any other casualties and escapees
Harvey: yes. Otis flannegan was seen leaving with the same “tin man” that entered and the man who appeared to be behind getting Otis out, the jester was found in pieces. there was another casualty but the government removed it very quickly. We’re apparently not allowed to know.
Gordon: aliens?
Harvey: in Gotham? You’re kiddin right. Nah we never get anything that exciting apart from that time a green lantern flew over Bludhaven. Though in fairness I don’t think I was born back then
Gordon: heh no you woulda been three at the most. I was 6 and remember it clear as day.
———————————————————
The foul smelling lair of the rat catcher, deep within gothams sewers
Jewlee: and what of dear punch. I am shocked to not hear his words speak to me now
Rat catcher: well um...I did not want to tell you this jewlee but punch. Punch is dead
Jewlee slams down the phone hard enough for Otis to hear the thud to which he chuckles a little but all in all ignores.
Rat catcher: if the master thinks he can control jewlee here, he’s got another thing coming. I’d go as far as to say he should fear her. But then again he fears nothing. It’s his specialty....maybe I’ll change that when I get the chance...
A maison deep in the Belgium countryside. Definately past it's best.
The travelling nun Tour. On Belgium derps with Dursty, John and Mike.
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This farm implement wheel has made the full transition to iron. Boy, the manufacture of this wheel is much simpler and faster than the wagon wheel. It still won't roll very well; probably not as well as the oak wheel. It shows the change from a handicraft to serious mass production in early 1900s. The rim is integral iron but I bet the buried part is rusting pretty good. Celebratory Bronco's orange covers the implement but the blue is certainly off color! .
I was at McIntosh Ag Museum again to track down the manager. I really saw the wheel and detail was worth closing in for a composition and texture detail of the rust. I have a lot of close up gear shots I have yet to use. This implement meant manual and deliberate labor for sure.
This late August found continuing hot temperatures. Wundermaps reported 98 degrees while I was out there. Whew, that's why I'm in the shade! The direct sun blazed across the scene and popped light into the shed. I decided that I had needed some shots at McIntosh and went out in the baking sun.
Highway #66 seemed overloaded with late summer travelers to the hills, hoping for heat relief in the Rockies; they'll get it up there. I waited and waited to turn left onto #66. Few tracks of snow remained up on the hills. It's back for this thanksgiving.
These are well-known, but I don't think I've posted about them here yet :) These are used for quality-testing other Lego parts, and each one has a different standard connection type.
BrickArchitect has much more info on these:
brickarchitect.com/2021/lego-clutch-test-implements-bricks/
I'm still missing a couple, please let me know if you have any I don't and are willing to trade or sell :)
IMPLEMENTATION OF DUALITY IN THE CONCEPTACLES OF SOULS / THE FINAL / CHRISTELLE GEISER & AEON VON ZARK / NAKED EYE PROJECT BIENNE / ALTERED STATE SERIE / THE WEIRD DREAM / PORTRAIT.
Farm implement near McBaine, Missouri. Photography by Notley Hawkins. Taken with a Canon EOS R5 camera with a Canon RF15-35mm F2.8 L IS USM lens at ƒ/4.0 with a 154-second exposure at ISO 50, processed with Adobe Lightroom CC.
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©Notley Hawkins. All rights reserved.
Antique farm implements on historic Fielding Garr Ranch with Sentry Peak in the background
DSC_0304-001
An abandoned farm implement near Overton in Cooper County Missouri by Notley Hawkins Photography. Taken with a Canon EOS 5D Mark III camera with a EF16-35mm f/4L IS USM lens at f.4.0 with a .5 second exposure at ISO 800 along with three Quantum Qflash Trios with red, green and blue gels. Processed with Adobe Lightroom 6.4.
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©Notley Hawkins
The Emerson-Newton Implement Company Building is located in downtown Minneapolis, MN.
The building is united under a common cornice with the Advance Thresher Building and appears to be a single structure.
The Emerson-Newton Building was built in 1904 and has seven floors. The Advance Thresher Building was built in 1900 and has six floors.
The architecture of the buildings was influenced by Louis Sullivan and are decorated with terra cotta details.
The Emerson-Newton Implement Company Building is located in downtown Minneapolis, MN.
The building is united under a common cornice with the Advance Thresher Building and appears to be a single structure.
The Emerson-Newton Building was built in 1904 and has seven floors. The Advance Thresher Building was built in 1900 and has six floors.
The architecture of the buildings was influenced by Louis Sullivan and are decorated with terra cotta details.
“Only he can understand what a farm is, what a country is, who shall have sacrificed part of himself to his farm or country, fought to save it, struggled to make it beautiful. Only then will the love of farm or country fill his heart.”
Antoine de Saint-Exupery (French Pilot, Writer and Author of 'The Little Prince', 1900-1944)
A John Deere 9670 STS with farm implement near McBaine in rural Boone County Missouri by Notley Hawkins Photography. Taken with a Canon EOS 5D Mark III camera with a EF16-35mm f/4L IS USM lens at f.4.0 with a 126 second exposure. Processed with Adobe Lightroom 5.7.
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©Notley Hawkins
With it now 5 months since lockdown restrictions were implemented due to COVID-19, airlines are very slowly starting to see demand returning although this maybe scuppered in part due to spikes in cases being reported.
British Airways unsurprisingly has been affected by COVID-19 which has seen the premature withdrawal of their entire Boeing 747-400 fleet as well as the solitary Airbus A318 no longer in use following the cancellation of their unique London City to New York-John F. Kennedy flight.
The saving grace has been cargo which has seen select Boeing 777-200ERs seeing their World Traveller seats removed for more cargo capacity, as well as their Boeing 777-200ER/300ERs, Boeing 787-8/9/10s and Airbus A350-1000s providing the lion-share of long-haul flights, with Boeing 787-8s making appearances on European short-haul flights in order to ensure social distancing is complied with.
Very recently, British Airways has published its upcoming W20 schedule which sees considerable amount of changes, taking into consideration Boeing 747-400s no longer form their long-haul network and London Gatwick long-haul flights slowly being reinstated.
Given the huge amount of changes, this will be split into three separate posts...
As per Airline Route, here are the following changes which are heavily subject to change effective 26th October 2020 unless stated otherwise:
-Abu Dhabi: Daily flight (BA72/73) cancelled throughout the entire W20 schedule.
-Atlanta (Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta): BA226/227 reduced from daily to 4 weekly flights, retaining Boeing 787-9s.
-Austin-Bergstrom: BA190/191 remains daily, with 5 weekly flights operated by Airbus A350-1000s and 2 weekly flights operated by Boeing 777-300ERs.
-Bahrain then Dammam: BA124/125 reduced reduced from daily to 5 weekly flights, with Boeing 787-8s replacing Boeing 777-200ER operation. Section between Bahrain and Dammam has been cancelled.
-Baltimore/Washington: BA228/229 reduced from daily to 4 weekly flights, utilising Boeing 787-8/9s.
-Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi: BA9/10 continues to operate daily, 3-class Boeing 777-200ERs replaced by Boeing 78-9s.
-Beijing-Daxing: BA38/39 remains daily, Boeing 787-9s replaced by Boeing 777-300ERs.
-Bengaluru: BA118/119 reduced from daily to 5 weekly flights, 3-class Boeing 777-200ERs replaced by Airbus A350-1000s.
-Boston-Logan: Substantial changes sees 25 weekly flights cut to 14 weekly or twice daily flights. 4 times weekly BA202/203 and daily BA238/239 have been cancelled. BA212/213 utilises Boeing 787-9s replacing Boeing 747-400s, and BA214/215 utilises Airbus A350-1000s replacing 4-class Boeing 777-200ERs.
-Buenos Aires-Ezeiza: BA244/245 reduced from daily to 5 weekly flights, Boeing 787-8s replaces 3-class Boeing 777-200ERs.
-Cape Town: BA58/59 remains daily utilising Boeing 777-300ERs instead of Boeing 747-400s. BA42/43 continues to show Boeing 747-400s but is expected to be cancelled.
-Chennai: BA35/36 reduced from daily to 5 weekly flights utilising Boeing 787-8/9s.
-Chicago-O'Hare: Remains twice daily; BA294/295 utilises Boeing 787-9s instead of Boeing 747-400s, and BA296/297 utilising 3-class Boeing 777-200ERs instead of 4-class Boeing 777-200ERs.
-Dallas-Fort Worth: BA192/193 continues to operate daily utilising Boeing 787-9s instead of Boeing 747-400s.
-Delhi-Indira Ghandi: Remains twice daily, BA142/143 utilises Boeing 787-8s instead of Boeing 787-9s, and BA256/257 utilises 3-class Boeing 777-200ERs instead of 4-class Boeing 777-200ERs.
-Denver: BA218/219 remains daily utilising Boeing 787-9s instead of Boeing 747-400s.
-Dubai-International: Reduced from thrice to twice daily with the cancellation of BA108/109. BA104/105 utilises Boeing 787-9s instead of 4-class Boeing 777-200ERs, and BA106/107 initially operated by 3-class Boeing 777-200ERs until 31st December 2020, going over to Boeing 787-9 operation from 1st January 2021.
-Durban: Thrice weekly BA40/41 cancelled.
-Hong Kong-Chek Lap Kok: Reduced from twice daily to single daily with BA31/32 cancelled. BA27/28 remains operated by Boeing 777-300ERs.
-Houston-George Bush Intercontinental: Reduced from twice daily to single daily with BA196/197 cancelled. BA194/195 utilises 4-class Boeing 777-200ERs.
-Hyderabad: BA276/277 reduced from daily to 5 weekly flights with one weekly flight operated by Boeing 787-9s alongside Boeing 787-8s for the remaining 4 weekly flights.
-Islamabad: BA260/261 operates daily instead of thrice weekly utilising Boeing 787-8s.
-Jeddah-King Abdulaziz: 5 times weekly BA132/133 cancelled until 14th December 2020.
-Kuala Lumpur-Sepang: BA34/35 continues to operate daily utilising Boeing 787-8s instead of Boeing 787-9s.
The changes are noticeable, especially those which featured multiple frequencies having had around 50% slashed off as British Airways does not expect demand to return for the next 2-3 years.
Currently, British Airways operates 32 Boeing 787s, which includes 12 Boeing 787-8s (one currently in short-term storage), 18 Boeing 787-9s (one in long-term storage awaiting new Rolls-Royce engines) and 2 Boeing 787-10s. British Airways have 10 Boeing 787-10s on-order.
Zulu Bravo Juliet Kilo is one of 12 Boeing 787-8s in service with British Airways, delivered new to the flag-carrier on 13th September 2018 and she is powered by 2 Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engines.
Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner G-ZBJK on final approach into Runway 27R at London Heathrow (LHR) on BA246 from São Paulo-Guarulhos (GRU).
Virtual Reality implemented in the scale model in front of these ladies, by wearing that pair of goggles, they were able to interact both with the model, and the surrounding space, mapped to satisfy and entertain their curiosity. Pleasant surprise from a pavilion that, besides that, has much to envy to other national exhibitions.
Software package builders can breathe a large sigh of aid — a jury discovered right now that Google’s implementation of 37 Java APIs in Android qualified as truthful use. Having said that, Oracle attorneys have previously indicated that they will attractiveness the conclusion.
“Today’s verdi...
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hong kong)
Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory south to Mainland China and east to Macao in East Asia. With around 7.2 million Hong Kongers of various nationalities[note 2] in a territory of 1,104 km2, Hong Kong is the world's fourth most densely populated country or territory.
Hong Kong used to be a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island from the Qing Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and acquired a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898. Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during the Second World War until British control resumed in 1945. The Sino-British Joint Declaration signed between the United Kingdom and China in 1984 paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997, when it became a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy.[15]
Under the principle of "one country, two systems",[16][17] Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China. Except in military defence and foreign affairs, Hong Kong maintains its independent executive, legislative and judiciary powers.[18] In addition, Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of "appropriate fields".[19] Hong Kong involves in international organizations, such as the WTO[20] and the APEC [21], actively and independently.
Hong Kong is one of the world's most significant financial centres, with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world's most competitive and freest economic entity.[22][23] As the world's 8th largest trading entity,[24] its legal tender, the Hong Kong dollar, is the world's 13th most traded currency.[25] As the world's most visited city,[26][27] Hong Kong's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by competitive simple taxation and supported by its independent judiciary system.[28] Even with one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, it suffers from severe income inequality.[29]
Nicknamed "Pearl of the Orient", Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour, which boasts the world's fifth busiest port with ready access by cargo ships, and its impressive skyline, with the most skyscrapers in the world.[30][31] It has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the world's longest life expectancy.[32][33] Over 90% of the population makes use of well-developed public transportation.[34][35] Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring industrial areas of Mainland China, which adopts loose emissions standards, has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates in winter.[36][37][38]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Prehistory
2.2 Imperial China
2.3 British Crown Colony: 1842–1941
2.4 Japanese occupation: 1941–45
2.5 Resumption of British rule and industrialisation: 1945–97
2.6 Handover and Special Administrative Region status
3 Governance
3.1 Structure of government
3.2 Electoral and political reforms
3.3 Legal system and judiciary
3.4 Foreign relations
3.5 Human rights
3.6 Regions and districts
3.7 Military
4 Geography and climate
5 Economy
5.1 Financial centre
5.2 International trading
5.3 Tourism and expatriation
5.4 Policy
5.5 Infrastructure
6 Demographics
6.1 Languages
6.2 Religion
6.3 Personal income
6.4 Education
6.5 Health
7 Culture
7.1 Sports
7.2 Architecture
7.3 Cityscape
7.4 Symbols
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
10.1 Citations
10.2 Sources
11 Further reading
12 External links
Etymology
Hong Kong was officially recorded in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking to encompass the entirety of the island.[39]
The source of the romanised name "Hong Kong" is not known, but it is generally believed to be an early imprecise phonetic rendering of the pronunciation in spoken Cantonese 香港 (Cantonese Yale: Hēung Góng), which means "Fragrant Harbour" or "Incense Harbour".[13][14][40] Before 1842, the name referred to a small inlet—now Aberdeen Harbour (Chinese: 香港仔; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jái), literally means "Little Hong Kong"—between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Aberdeen was an initial point of contact between British sailors and local fishermen.[41]
Another theory is that the name would have been taken from Hong Kong's early inhabitants, the Tankas (水上人); it is equally probable that romanisation was done with a faithful execution of their speeches, i.e. hōng, not hēung in Cantonese.[42] Detailed and accurate romanisation systems for Cantonese were available and in use at the time.[43]
Fragrance may refer to the sweet taste of the harbour's fresh water estuarine influx of the Pearl River or to the incense from factories lining the coast of northern Kowloon. The incense was stored near Aberdeen Harbour for export before Hong Kong developed Victoria Harbour.[40]
The name had often been written as the single word Hongkong until the government adopted the current form in 1926.[44] Nevertheless, a number of century-old institutions still retain the single-word form, such as the Hongkong Post, Hongkong Electric and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.
As of 1997, its official name is the "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China". This is the official title as mentioned in the Hong Kong Basic Law and the Hong Kong Government's website;[45] however, "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" and "Hong Kong" are widely accepted.
Hong Kong has carried many nicknames. The most famous among those is the "Pearl of the Orient", which reflected the impressive nightscape of the city's light decorations on the skyscrapers along both sides of the Victoria Harbour. The territory is also known as "Asia's World City".
History
Main articles: History of Hong Kong and History of China
Prehistory
Main article: Prehistoric Hong Kong
Archaeological studies support human presence in the Chek Lap Kok area (now Hong Kong International Airport) from 35,000 to 39,000 years ago and on Sai Kung Peninsula from 6,000 years ago.[46][47][48]
Wong Tei Tung and Three Fathoms Cove are the earliest sites of human habitation in Hong Kong during the Paleolithic Period. It is believed that the Three Fathom Cove was a river-valley settlement and Wong Tei Tung was a lithic manufacturing site. Excavated Neolithic artefacts suggested cultural differences from the Longshan culture of northern China and settlement by the Che people, prior to the migration of the Baiyue to Hong Kong.[49][50] Eight petroglyphs, which dated to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC – 1066 BC) in China, were discovered on the surrounding islands.[51]
Imperial China
Main article: History of Hong Kong under Imperial China
In 214 BC, Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a centralised China, conquered the Baiyue tribes in Jiaozhi (modern-day Liangguang region and Vietnam) and incorporated the area of Hong Kong into his imperial China for the first time. Hong Kong proper was assigned to the Nanhai commandery (modern-day Nanhai District), near the commandery's capital city Panyu.[52][53][54]
After a brief period of centralisation and collapse of the Qin dynasty, the area of Hong Kong was consolidated under the Kingdom of Nanyue, founded by general Zhao Tuo in 204 BC.[55] When Nanyue lost the Han-Nanyue War in 111 BC, Hong Kong came under the Jiaozhi commandery of the Han dynasty. Archaeological evidence indicates an increase of population and flourish of salt production. The Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb on the Kowloon Peninsula is believed to have been built as a burial site during the Han dynasty.[56]
From the Han dynasty to the early Tang dynasty, Hong Kong was a part of Bao'an County. In the Tang dynasty, modern-day Guangzhou (Canton) flourished as an international trading centre. In 736, the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang established a military stronghold in Tuen Mun to strengthen defence of the coastal area.[57] The nearby Lantau Island was a salt production centre and salt smuggler riots occasionally broke out against the government. In c. 1075, The first village school, Li Ying College, was established around 1075 AD in modern-day New Territories by the Northern Song dynasty.[58] During their war against the Mongols, the imperial court of Southern Song was briefly stationed at modern-day Kowloon City (the Sung Wong Toi site) before their ultimate defeat by the Mongols at the Battle of Yamen in 1279.[59] The Mongols then established their dynastic court and governed Hong Kong for 97 years.
From the mid-Tang dynasty to the early Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Hong Kong was a part of Dongguan County. During the Ming dynasty, the area was transferred to Xin'an County. The indigenous inhabitants at that time consisted of several ethnicities such as Punti, Hakka, Tanka and Hoklo.
European discovery
The earliest European visitor on record was Jorge Álvares, a Portuguese explorer, who arrived in 1513.[60][61] Having established a trading post in a site they called "Tamão" in Hong Kong waters, Portuguese merchants commenced with regular trading in southern China. Subsequent military clashes between China and Portugal, however, led to the expulsion of all Portuguese merchants from southern China.
Since the 14th century, the Ming court had enforced the maritime prohibition laws that strictly forbade all private maritime activities in order to prevent contact with foreigners by sea.[62] When the Manchu Qing dynasty took over China, Hong Kong was directly affected by the Great Clearance decree of the Kangxi Emperor, who ordered the evacuation of coastal areas of Guangdong from 1661 to 1669. Over 16,000 inhabitants of Xin'an County including those in Hong Kong were forced to migrate inland; only 1,648 of those who had evacuated subsequently returned.[63][64]
British Crown Colony: 1842–1941
A painter at work. John Thomson. Hong Kong, 1871. The Wellcome Collection, London
Main articles: British Hong Kong and History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)
In 1839, threats by the imperial court of Qing to sanction opium imports caused diplomatic friction with the British Empire. Tensions escalated into the First Opium War. The Qing admitted defeat when British forces captured Hong Kong Island on 20 January 1841. The island was initially ceded under the Convention of Chuenpi as part of a ceasefire agreement between Captain Charles Elliot and Governor Qishan. A dispute between high-ranking officials of both countries, however, led to the failure of the treaty's ratification. On 29 August 1842, Hong Kong Island was formally ceded in perpetuity to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Treaty of Nanking.[65] The British officially established a Crown colony and founded the City of Victoria in the following year.[66]
The population of Hong Kong Island was 7,450 when the Union Flag raised over Possession Point on 26 January 1841. It mostly consisted of Tanka fishermen and Hakka charcoal burners, whose settlements scattered along several coastal hamlets. In the 1850s, a large number of Chinese immigrants crossed the then-free border to escape from the Taiping Rebellion. Other natural disasters, such as flooding, typhoons and famine in mainland China would play a role in establishing Hong Kong as a place for safe shelter.[67][68]
Further conflicts over the opium trade between Britain and Qing quickly escalated into the Second Opium War. Following the Anglo-French victory, the Crown Colony was expanded to include Kowloon Peninsula (south of Boundary Street) and Stonecutter's Island, both of which were ceded to the British in perpetuity under the Convention of Beijing in 1860.
In 1898, Britain obtained a 99-year lease from Qing under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, in which Hong Kong obtained a 99-year lease of Lantau Island, the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon up to Shenzhen River and over 200 other outlying islands.[69][70][71]
Hong Kong soon became a major entrepôt thanks to its free port status, attracting new immigrants to settle from both China and Europe. The society, however, remained racially segregated and polarised under early British colonial policies. Despite the rise of a British-educated Chinese upper-class by the late-19th century, race laws such as the Peak Reservation Ordinance prevented ethnic Chinese in Hong Kong from acquiring houses in reserved areas such as Victoria Peak. At this time, the majority of the Chinese population in Hong Kong had no political representation in the British colonial government. The British governors did rely, however, on a small number of Chinese elites, including Sir Kai Ho and Robert Hotung, who served as ambassadors and mediators between the government and local population.
File:1937 Hong Kong VP8.webmPlay media
Hong Kong filmed in 1937
In 1904, the United Kingdom established the world's first border and immigration control; all residents of Hong Kong were given citizenship as Citizens of United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC).
Hong Kong continued to experience modest growth during the first half of the 20th century. The University of Hong Kong was established in 1911 as the territory's first higher education institute. While there had been an exodus of 60,000 residents for fear of a German attack on the British colony during the First World War, Hong Kong remained unscathed. Its population increased from 530,000 in 1916 to 725,000 in 1925 and reached 1.6 million by 1941.[72]
In 1925, Cecil Clementi became the 17th Governor of Hong Kong. Fluent in Cantonese and without a need for translator, Clementi introduced the first ethnic Chinese, Shouson Chow, into the Executive Council as an unofficial member. Under Clementi's tenure, Kai Tak Airport entered operation as RAF Kai Tak and several aviation clubs. In 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out when the Japanese Empire expanded its territories from northeastern China into the mainland proper. To safeguard Hong Kong as a freeport, Governor Geoffry Northcote declared the Crown Colony as a neutral zone.
Japanese occupation: 1941–45
Main article: Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
The Cenotaph in Hong Kong commemorates those who died in service in the First World War and the Second World War.[73]
As part of its military campaign in Southeast Asia during Second World War, the Japanese army moved south from Guangzhou of mainland China and attacked Hong Kong in on 8 December 1941.[74] Crossing the border at Shenzhen River on 8 December, the Battle of Hong Kong lasted for 18 days when British and Canadian forces held onto Hong Kong Island. Unable to defend against intensifying Japanese air and land bombardments, they eventually surrendered control of Hong Kong on 25 December 1941. The Governor of Hong Kong was captured and taken as a prisoner of war. This day is regarded by the locals as "Black Christmas".[75]
During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the Japanese army committed atrocities against civilians and POWs, such as the St. Stephen's College massacre. Local residents also suffered widespread food shortages, limited rationing and hyper-inflation arising from the forced exchange of currency from Hong Kong dollars to Japanese military banknotes. The initial ratio of 2:1 was gradually devalued to 4:1 and ownership of Hong Kong dollars was declared illegal and punishable by harsh torture. Due to starvation and forced deportation for slave labour to mainland China, the population of Hong Kong had dwindled from 1.6 million in 1941 to 600,000 in 1945, when the United Kingdom resumed control of the colony on 2 September 1945.[76]
Resumption of British rule and industrialisation: 1945–97
Main articles: British Hong Kong, 1950s in Hong Kong, 1960s in Hong Kong, 1970s in Hong Kong, 1980s in Hong Kong, and 1990s in Hong Kong
Flag of British Hong Kong from 1959 to 1997
Hong Kong's population recovered quickly after the war, as a wave of skilled migrants from the Republic of China moved in to seek refuge from the Chinese Civil War. When the Communist Party eventually took full control of mainland China in 1949, even more skilled migrants fled across the open border for fear of persecution.[69] Many newcomers, especially those who had been based in the major port cities of Shanghai and Guangzhou, established corporations and small- to medium-sized businesses and shifted their base operations to British Hong Kong.[69] The establishment of a socialist state in China (People's Republic of China) on 1 October 1949 caused the British colonial government to reconsider Hong Kong's open border to mainland China. In 1951, a boundary zone was demarked as a buffer zone against potential military attacks from communist China. Border posts along the north of Hong Kong began operation in 1953 to regulate the movement of people and goods into and out of the territory.
Stamp with portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, 1953
In the 1950s, Hong Kong became the first of the Four Asian Tiger economies under rapid industrialisation driven by textile exports, manufacturing industries and re-exports of goods to China. As the population grew, with labour costs remaining low, living standards began to rise steadily.[77] The construction of the Shek Kip Mei Estate in 1953 marked the beginning of the public housing estate programme to provide shelter for the less privileged and to cope with the influx of immigrants.
Under Sir Murray MacLehose, 25th Governor of Hong Kong (1971–82), a series of reforms improved the public services, environment, housing, welfare, education and infrastructure of Hong Kong. MacLehose was British Hong Kong's longest-serving governor and, by the end of his tenure, had become one of the most popular and well-known figures in the Crown Colony. MacLehose laid the foundation for Hong Kong to establish itself as a key global city in the 1980s and early 1990s.
A sky view of Hong Kong Island
An aerial view of the northern shore of Hong Kong Island in 1986
To resolve traffic congestion and to provide a more reliable means of crossing the Victoria Harbour, a rapid transit railway system (metro), the MTR, was planned from the 1970s onwards. The Island Line (Hong Kong Island), Kwun Tong Line (Kowloon Peninsula and East Kowloon) and Tsuen Wan Line (Kowloon and urban New Territories) opened in the early 1980s.[78]
In 1983, the Hong Kong dollar left its 16:1 peg with the Pound sterling and switched to the current US-HK Dollar peg. Hong Kong's competitiveness in manufacturing gradually declined due to rising labour and property costs, as well as new development in southern China under the Open Door Policy introduced in 1978 which opened up China to foreign business. Nevertheless, towards the early 1990s, Hong Kong had established itself as a global financial centre along with London and New York City, a regional hub for logistics and freight, one of the fastest-growing economies in Asia and the world's exemplar of Laissez-faire market policy.[79]
The Hong Kong question
In 1971, the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s permanent seat on the United Nations was transferred to the People's Republic of China (PRC), Hong Kong's status as a recognised colony became terminated in 1972 under the request of PRC. Facing the uncertain future of Hong Kong and expiry of land lease of New Territories beyond 1997, Governor MacLehose raised the question in the late 1970s.
The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Hong Kong into a British Dependent Territory amid the reorganisation of global territories of the British Empire. All residents of Hong Kong became British Dependent Territory Citizens (BDTC). Diplomatic negotiations began with China and eventually concluded with the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. Both countries agreed to transfer Hong Kong's sovereignty to China on 1 July 1997, when Hong Kong would remain autonomous as a special administrative region and be able to retain its free-market economy, British common law through the Hong Kong Basic Law, independent representation in international organisations (e.g. WTO and WHO), treaty arrangements and policy-making except foreign diplomacy and military defence.
It stipulated that Hong Kong would retain its laws and be guaranteed a high degree of autonomy for at least 50 years after the transfer. The Hong Kong Basic Law, based on English law, would serve as the constitutional document after the transfer. It was ratified in 1990.[69] The expiry of the 1898 lease on the New Territories in 1997 created problems for business contracts, property leases and confidence among foreign investors.
Handover and Special Administrative Region status
Main articles: Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong and 2000s in Hong Kong
Transfer of sovereignty
Golden Bauhinia Square
On 1 July 1997, the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China took place, officially marking the end of Hong Kong's 156 years under British colonial governance. As the largest remaining colony of the United Kingdom, the loss of Hong Kong effectively represented the end of the British Empire. This transfer of sovereignty made Hong Kong the first special administrative region of China. Tung Chee-Hwa, a pro-Beijing business tycoon, was elected Hong Kong's first Chief Executive by a selected electorate of 800 in a televised programme.
Structure of government
Hong Kong's current structure of governance inherits from the British model of colonial administration set up in the 1850s. The 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration states that "Hong Kong should enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all areas except defence and foreign affairs" with reference to the underlying principle of one country, two systems.[note 3] This Declaration stipulates that Hong Kong maintains her capitalist economic system and guarantees the rights and freedoms of her people for at least 50 years after the 1997 handover. [note 4] Such guarantees are enshrined in the Hong Kong's Basic Law, the territory's constitutional document, which outlines the system of governance after 1997, albeit subject to interpretation by China's Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC).[95][96]
Hong Kong's most senior leader, Chief Executive, is elected by a committee of 1,200 selected members (600 in 1997) and nominally appointed by the Government of China. The primary pillars of government are the Executive Council, Legislative Council, civil service and Judiciary.
Policy-making is initially discussed in the Executive Council, presided by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, before passing to the Legislative Council for bill adoption. The Executive Council consists of 30 official/unofficial members appointed by the Chief Executive and one member among them acts as the convenor.[97][98]
The Legislative Council, set up in 1843, debates policies and motions before voting to adopt or rejecting bills. It has 70 members (originally 60) and 40 (originally 30) among them are directly elected by universal suffrage; the other 30 members are "functional constituencies" (indirectly) elected by a smaller electorate of corporate bodies or representatives of stipulated economic sectors as defined by the government. The Legislative Council is chaired by a president who acts as the speaker.[99][100]
In 1997, seating of the Legislative Council (also public services and election franchises) of Hong Kong modelled on the British system: Urban Council (Hong Kong and Kowloon) and District Council (New Territories and Outlying Islands). In 1999, this system has been reformed into 18 directly elected District Offices across 5 Legislative Council constituencies: Hong Kong Island (East/West), Kowloon and New Territories (East/West); the remaining outlying islands are divided across the aforementioned regions.
Hong Kong's Civil Service, created by the British colonial government, is a politically neutral body that implements government policies and provides public services. Senior civil servants are appointed based on meritocracy. The territory's police, firefighting and customs forces, as well as clerical officers across various government departments, make up the civil service.[101][102]
During the depression, money was hard to come by, and most people had to barter (trade) what goods and services they might have to get food and survive. Building materials back then were commonly Wood products, as metals were expensive, and later used in WW-II.
This was a typical shed/building that was built and used in the 40's-50's to store farm tractors and implements to keep them out of the weather and provide a comfortable place to work and do repairs.
Many of these old building have been left to the elements and have or are falling down. This one is still in fairly good condition, and was found along side the highway ;-}}
©2011 Ray Hanson All Rights Reserved.
Copying, Printing, Downloading, or otherwise using this image without my expressed written permission is a violation of US and International Copyright Laws. If you would like to use/purchase this image please contact me via Flickr Mail.
I attended the "Antique Flywheel Engine & Tractor Show" sponsored by the "Florida Flywheeler's Antique Engine Club" located at 7000 Avon Park Cutoff Road, Fort Mead, FL 33841 on Friday February 21, 2020.
This Photograph shows some sort of (I would Guess a Plow) where the (attachment(s) are Missing), which is on Display at the Antique Flywheel and Tractor Show, Fort Meade, Florida.
IF ANYONE CAN Confirm the Identity of this Farming Implement, I would greatly appreciate any help I can get. This would allow me to update my narrative and I'd certainly add a CREDIT Line to Identify that person in my Narrative !
Several other shows/exhibitions were as follows: Functioning Sawmill Demonstrations, Running 1914 400 HP Snow Making Machine Demonstration, Antique Construction Equipment Demonstrations, Model-T Put-Together Demonstration, Daily Antique Tractor Pulls, Kids Pedal Tractor Pulls on Friday & Saturday, Daily Antique Car Parade, Daily Antique Tractor Parade, Florida Flywheeler Antique Engine Club Gift Shop Opened, Huge Flea Market & the Antique Village (was opened) to Wander Through.
This Place is HUGE ! - - One of the attendants told me it is approx 480 ACRES !
Sing lyrics
This is a call for the national implementation
Of mother to child transmission prevention
Programme in all the maternity hospitals
In South Africa
Sing, my sister... sing!
Let your voice be heard
What won't kill you will make you strong
Sing, my sister... sing!
You don't need
To disrespect yourself again
Don't hide your light behind your fears
My women can be strong
You've known it all along
What you need
Is what you haven't found
So...
Sing, my sister... sing!
Let your voice be heard
What won't kill you will make you strong
Sing, my sister... sing!
Women are the mothers of the world, my friend
I tell you womankind is strong
Take your beautiful self up to the heights again
Back to the place where you belong
So...
Sing, my sister... sing!
Let your voice be heard
What won't kill you will make you strong
Sing, my sister... sing!
C'mon my sisters now
Sing loud and sing proud
Sing my sister... sing!
Use your voice to call out
Let your voice be heard
Use your voice
For freedom
Let your voice be heard
Everywhere you go
For freedom
Yes freedom
The generics...
We know azt globally
Call ... azt we know it. it is protecting children from hiv globally
Response ... globally
Call ... mtct
Response ... protection
Call ... we know nevirapine. it is protecting children from hiv globally.
~ Annie Lennox
The tools of the trade get bigger and shinier, more powerful, but still, the job is the same. Get the seeds in the ground, pray for good weather, enjoy the harvest, get it to market. These old implements are fascinating in shape, texture, colours, and man's ingenuity to invent and put them to use.
Many thanks for your visits, comments, & fav's, always welcome, and always appreciated.
Have a wonderful day!
No use whatsoever without written permission
The exploitation rights for this text are the property of the Vienna Tourist Board. This text may be reprinted free of charge until further notice, even partially and in edited form. Forward sample copy to: Vienna Tourist Board, Media Management, Invalidenstraße 6, 1030 Vienna; media.rel@wien.info. All information in this text without guarantee.
Author: Andreas Nierhaus, Curator of Architecture/Wien Museum
Last updated January 2014
Architecture in Vienna
Vienna's 2,000-year history is present in a unique density in the cityscape. The layout of the center dates back to the Roman city and medieval road network. Romanesque and Gothic churches characterize the streets and squares as well as palaces and mansions of the baroque city of residence. The ring road is an expression of the modern city of the 19th century, in the 20th century extensive housing developments set accents in the outer districts. Currently, large-scale urban development measures are implemented; distinctive buildings of international star architects complement the silhouette of the city.
Due to its function as residence of the emperor and European power center, Vienna for centuries stood in the focus of international attention, but it was well aware of that too. As a result, developed an outstanding building culture, and still today on a worldwide scale only a few cities can come up with a comparable density of high-quality architecture. For several years now, Vienna has increased its efforts to connect with its historical highlights and is drawing attention to itself with some spectacular new buildings. The fastest growing city in the German-speaking world today most of all in residential construction is setting standards. Constants of the Viennese architecture are respect for existing structures, the palpability of historical layers and the dialogue between old and new.
Culmination of medieval architecture: the Stephansdom
The oldest architectural landmark of the city is St. Stephen's Cathedral. Under the rule of the Habsburgs, defining the face of the city from the late 13th century until 1918 in a decisive way, the cathedral was upgraded into the sacral monument of the political ambitions of the ruling house. The 1433 completed, 137 meters high southern tower, by the Viennese people affectionately named "Steffl", is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture in Europe. For decades he was the tallest stone structure in Europe, until today he is the undisputed center of the city.
The baroque residence
Vienna's ascension into the ranks of the great European capitals began in Baroque. Among the most important architects are Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Outside the city walls arose a chain of summer palaces, including the garden Palais Schwarzenberg (1697-1704) as well as the Upper and Lower Belvedere of Prince Eugene of Savoy (1714-22). Among the most important city palaces are the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene (1695-1724, now a branch of the Belvedere) and the Palais Daun-Kinsky (auction house in Kinsky 1713-19). The emperor himself the Hofburg had complemented by buildings such as the Imperial Library (1722-26) and the Winter Riding School (1729-34). More important, however, for the Habsburgs was the foundation of churches and monasteries. Thus arose before the city walls Fischer von Erlach's Karlskirche (1714-39), which with its formal and thematic complex show façade belongs to the major works of European Baroque. In colored interior rooms like that of St. Peter's Church (1701-22), the contemporary efforts for the synthesis of architecture, painting and sculpture becomes visible.
Upgrading into metropolis: the ring road time (Ringstraßenzeit)
Since the Baroque, reflections on extension of the hopelessly overcrowed city were made, but only Emperor Franz Joseph ordered in 1857 the demolition of the fortifications and the connection of the inner city with the suburbs. 1865, the Ring Road was opened. It is as the most important boulevard of Europe an architectural and in terms of urban development achievement of the highest rank. The original building structure is almost completely preserved and thus conveys the authentic image of a metropolis of the 19th century. The public representational buildings speak, reflecting accurately the historicism, by their style: The Greek Antique forms of Theophil Hansen's Parliament (1871-83) stood for democracy, the Renaissance of the by Heinrich Ferstel built University (1873-84) for the flourishing of humanism, the Gothic of the Town Hall (1872-83) by Friedrich Schmidt for the medieval civic pride.
Dominating remained the buildings of the imperial family: Eduard van der Nüll's and August Sicardsburg's Opera House (1863-69), Gottfried Semper's and Carl Hasenauer's Burgtheater (1874-88), their Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History (1871-91) and the Neue (New) Hofburg (1881-1918 ). At the same time the ring road was the preferred residential area of mostly Jewish haute bourgeoisie. With luxurious palaces the families Ephrussi, Epstein or Todesco made it clear that they had taken over the cultural leadership role in Viennese society. In the framework of the World Exhibition of 1873, the new Vienna presented itself an international audience. At the ring road many hotels were opened, among them the Hotel Imperial and today's Palais Hansen Kempinski.
Laboratory of modernity: Vienna around 1900
Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06) was one of the last buildings in the Ring road area Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06), which with it façade, liberated of ornament, and only decorated with "functional" aluminum buttons and the glass banking hall now is one of the icons of modern architecture. Like no other stood Otto Wagner for the dawn into the 20th century: His Metropolitan Railway buildings made the public transport of the city a topic of architecture, the church of the Psychiatric hospital at Steinhofgründe (1904-07) is considered the first modern church.
With his consistent focus on the function of a building ("Something impractical can not be beautiful"), Wagner marked a whole generation of architects and made Vienna the laboratory of modernity: in addition to Joseph Maria Olbrich, the builder of the Secession (1897-98) and Josef Hoffmann, the architect of the at the western outskirts located Purkersdorf Sanatorium (1904) and founder of the Vienna Workshop (Wiener Werkstätte, 1903) is mainly to mention Adolf Loos, with the Loos House at the square Michaelerplatz (1909-11) making architectural history. The extravagant marble cladding of the business zone stands in maximal contrast, derived from the building function, to the unadorned facade above, whereby its "nudity" became even more obvious - a provocation, as well as his culture-critical texts ("Ornament and Crime"), with which he had greatest impact on the architecture of the 20th century. Public contracts Loos remained denied. His major works therefore include villas, apartment facilities and premises as the still in original state preserved Tailor salon Knize at Graben (1910-13) and the restored Loos Bar (1908-09) near the Kärntner Straße (passageway Kärntner Durchgang).
Between the Wars: International Modern Age and social housing
After the collapse of the monarchy in 1918, Vienna became capital of the newly formed small country of Austria. In the heart of the city, the architects Theiss & Jaksch built 1931-32 the first skyscraper in Vienna as an exclusive residential address (Herrengasse - alley 6-8). To combat the housing shortage for the general population, the social democratic city government in a globally unique building program within a few years 60,000 apartments in hundreds of apartment buildings throughout the city area had built, including the famous Karl Marx-Hof by Karl Ehn (1925-30). An alternative to the multi-storey buildings with the 1932 opened International Werkbundsiedlung was presented, which was attended by 31 architects from Austria, Germany, France, Holland and the USA and showed models for affordable housing in greenfield areas. With buildings of Adolf Loos, André Lurçat, Richard Neutra, Gerrit Rietveld, the Werkbundsiedlung, which currently is being restored at great expense, is one of the most important documents of modern architecture in Austria.
Modernism was also expressed in significant Villa buildings: The House Beer (1929-31) by Josef Frank exemplifies the refined Wiener living culture of the interwar period, while the house Stonborough-Wittgenstein (1926-28, today Bulgarian Cultural Institute), built by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein together with the architect Paul Engelmann for his sister Margarete, by its aesthetic radicalism and mathematical rigor represents a special case within contemporary architecture.
Expulsion, war and reconstruction
After the "Anschluss (Annexation)" to the German Reich in 1938, numerous Jewish builders, architects (female and male ones), who had been largely responsible for the high level of Viennese architecture, have been expelled from Austria. During the Nazi era, Vienna remained largely unaffected by structural transformations, apart from the six flak towers built for air defense of Friedrich Tamms (1942-45), made of solid reinforced concrete which today are present as memorials in the cityscape.
The years after the end of World War II were characterized by the reconstruction of the by bombs heavily damaged city. The architecture of those times was marked by aesthetic pragmatism, but also by the attempt to connect with the period before 1938 and pick up on current international trends. Among the most important buildings of the 1950s are Roland Rainer's City Hall (1952-58), the by Oswald Haerdtl erected Wien Museum at Karlsplatz (1954-59) and the 21er Haus of Karl Schwanzer (1958-62).
The youngsters come
Since the 1960s, a young generation was looking for alternatives to the moderate modernism of the reconstruction years. With visionary designs, conceptual, experimental and above all temporary architectures, interventions and installations, Raimund Abraham, Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth, Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler and the groups Coop Himmelb(l)au, Haus-Rucker-Co and Missing Link rapidly got international attention. Although for the time being it was more designed than built, was the influence on the postmodern and deconstructivist trends of the 1970s and 1980s also outside Austria great. Hollein's futuristic "Retti" candle shop at Charcoal Market/Kohlmarkt (1964-65) and Domenig's biomorphic building of the Central Savings Bank in Favoriten (10th district of Vienna - 1975-79) are among the earliest examples, later Hollein's Haas-Haus (1985-90), the loft conversion Falkestraße (1987/88) by Coop Himmelb(l)au or Domenig's T Center (2002-04) were added. Especially Domenig, Hollein, Coop Himmelb(l)au and the architects Ortner & Ortner (ancient members of Haus-Rucker-Co) by orders from abroad the new Austrian and Viennese architecture made a fixed international concept.
MuseumQuarter and Gasometer
Since the 1980s, the focus of building in Vienna lies on the compaction of the historic urban fabric that now as urban habitat of high quality no longer is put in question. Among the internationally best known projects is the by Ortner & Ortner planned MuseumsQuartier in the former imperial stables (competition 1987, 1998-2001), which with institutions such as the MUMOK - Museum of Modern Art Foundation Ludwig, the Leopold Museum, the Kunsthalle Wien, the Architecture Center Vienna and the Zoom Children's Museum on a wordwide scale is under the largest cultural complexes. After controversies in the planning phase, here an architectural compromise between old and new has been achieved at the end, whose success as an urban stage with four million visitors (2012) is overwhelming.
The dialogue between old and new, which has to stand on the agenda of building culture of a city that is so strongly influenced by history, also features the reconstruction of the Gasometer in Simmering by Coop Himmelb(l)au, Wilhelm Holzbauer, Jean Nouvel and Manfred Wehdorn (1999-2001). Here was not only created new housing, but also a historical industrial monument reinterpreted into a signal in the urban development area.
New Neighborhood
In recent years, the major railway stations and their surroundings moved into the focus of planning. Here not only necessary infrastructural measures were taken, but at the same time opened up spacious inner-city residential areas and business districts. Among the prestigious projects are included the construction of the new Vienna Central Station, started in 2010 with the surrounding office towers of the Quartier Belvedere and the residential and school buildings of the Midsummer quarter (Sonnwendviertel). Europe's largest wooden tower invites here for a spectacular view to the construction site and the entire city. On the site of the former North Station are currently being built 10,000 homes and 20,000 jobs, on that of the Aspangbahn station is being built at Europe's greatest Passive House settlement "Euro Gate", the area of the North Western Railway Station is expected to be developed from 2020 for living and working. The largest currently under construction residential project but can be found in the north-eastern outskirts, where in Seaside Town Aspern till 2028 living and working space for 40,000 people will be created.
In one of the "green lungs" of Vienna, the Prater, 2013, the WU campus was opened for the largest University of Economics of Europe. Around the central square spectacular buildings of an international architect team from Great Britain, Japan, Spain and Austria are gathered that seem to lead a sometimes very loud conversation about the status quo of contemporary architecture (Hitoshi Abe, BUSarchitektur, Peter Cook, Zaha Hadid, NO MAD Arquitectos, Carme Pinós).
Flying high
International is also the number of architects who have inscribed themselves in the last few years with high-rise buildings in the skyline of Vienna and make St. Stephen's a not always unproblematic competition. Visible from afar is Massimiliano Fuksas' 138 and 127 meters high elegant Twin Tower at Wienerberg (1999-2001). The monolithic, 75-meter-high tower of the Hotel Sofitel at the Danube Canal by Jean Nouvel (2007-10), on the other hand, reacts to the particular urban situation and stages in its top floor new perspectives to the historical center on the other side.
Also at the water stands Dominique Perrault's DC Tower (2010-13) in the Danube City - those high-rise city, in which since the start of construction in 1996, the expansion of the city north of the Danube is condensed symbolically. Even in this environment, the slim and at the same time striking vertically folded tower of Perrault is beyond all known dimensions; from its Sky Bar, from spring 2014 on you are able to enjoy the highest view of Vienna. With 250 meters, the tower is the tallest building of Austria and almost twice as high as the St. Stephen's Cathedral. Vienna, thus, has acquired a new architectural landmark which cannot be overlooked - whether it also has the potential to become a landmark of the new Vienna, only time will tell. The architectural history of Vienna, where European history is presence and new buildings enter into an exciting and not always conflict-free dialogue with a great and outstanding architectural heritage, in any case has yet to offer exciting chapters.
Info: The folder "Architecture: From Art Nouveau to the Presence" is available at the Vienna Tourist Board and can be downloaded on www.wien.info/media/files/guide-architecture-in-wien.pdf.
Farm implement near McBaine, Missouri. Photography by Notley Hawkins. Taken with a Canon EOS R5 camera with a Canon RF15-35mm F2.8 L IS USM lens at ƒ/4.0 with a 243-second exposure at ISO 50, processed with Adobe Lightroom CC.
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Mid-State Implement and Truck Sales on Route 66 in Auburn, Illinois. This old industrial looking tanker was sitting outside the fenced in area of the establishment and was visible from Route 66. It apparently was acquired from the Carrollton Mo. Fire Department and appeared to be in pretty good shape. I have no idea how old it is.
Pierce Manufacturing is an Appleton, Wisconsin based manufacturer of custom fire and rescue apparatus and a wholly owned subsidiary of Oshkosh Corporation. Pierce began in 1913 and was acquired by Oshkosh in 1996.
HTT
The office building of the Emerson-Brantingham Manufacturing
This powerhouse of industry employed 5,000 from 1905, when the city’s population was 50,000, including elderly, women and children. The company manufactured carriage, wagons, plows, farm implements, and eventually evolved into J.I. Case Co.
The sprawling manufacturing facility encompassed a 24 building, 175-acre complex was the largest modern agricultural implement machinery facility in the world at the time.
A close neighboring company was lurking in the wings. J.I. Case out of Racine, Wisconsin watched closely as Emerson Brantingham fell further and further behind. Their particularly keen interest was in the plant and facilities and the 28 vital patents that Emerson Brantingham held.
Finally, in November 1928, the Emerson Brantingham Company fell to the hands of J. I. Case. For what it's worth, Emerson Brantingham was one of the last of over 800 implement companies to fall prey to the times.
J. I. Case continued to manufacture agricultural implements at its Rockford works until 1970 when they closed the aging manufacturing facility. Finding no buyers for the sprawling complex, Case donated the site and 1.4 million square feet of buildings to the City of Rockford for use as the City Yards. It was demolished between 2023 and 2024.
I got side tracked when I saw this shot in my stash. I know it takes my kind of mind to dream up a title such as this. Sometimes companies leave themselves open for the likes of me. Best be careful with slogans. I was at McIntosh Ag Museum again for my windmill agriculture shot and saw this but the title for this image only came when I opened the file. I had to work to preserve the remaining logo. This machinery is for the ages, the Iron or Dark ages! I should be able to spot some rust on it. I really need to get really close in on this and do a texture detail of the rust. I have a lot of close up gear I seldom use. It had to be iron heavy in order to be able to "bite" into the soil. It looked like a single row plow. Single row implements took some time to finish working a field, one row at a time. Manual labor for sure. Ahh, wheat to damage human guts.
This June found a return to hot temperatures. Wundermaps reported 101 degrees while I was out there. Whew! The direct sun blazed across the scene. I decided that I had needed some shots at McIntosh and went out in the baking sun.
Highway #66 seemed overloaded with early summer travelers to the hills, hoping for heat relief in the Rockies. Only the cow trail of snow remains up on Mount Meeker.
Farm implement near McBaine, Missouri. Photography by Notley Hawkins. Taken with a Canon EOS R5 camera with a Canon RF15-35mm F2.8 L IS USM lens at ƒ/4.0 with a 239-second exposure at ISO 50, processed with Adobe Lightroom CC.
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©Notley Hawkins. All rights reserved.