"It was the hardest day of our lives"

Update for Wednesday 14th January, 2009

In an escalation of the ground offensive in the south of the Gaza Strip, Israeli forces terrorised the population of Khoza'a, a small rural community east of Khan Younis. They entered the area at about 3.00am on the morning of Tuesday 13th January in an incursion lasting until Tuesday evening. This follows heavy missile strikes on Khoza'a in recent days, notably on Saturday 10th January.

According to a local municipality official, approximately 50 homes were bulldozed along with farmland, olive and citrus groves. The scent of lemons could faintly be determined whilst navigating the wreckage, emanating from so many mangled trees. A family explained how their home was demolished with them inside it. They sheltered in the basement as the upper storeys were destroyed. Later they realised the basement itself was being attacked and narrowly missed being crushed to death by escaping through a small hole in the debris.

Iman Al-Najar was with her family in their home when military D-9 bulldozers began to demolish it. They managed to escape and Iman then encouraged some of her neighbours to try to leave the vicinity. The group of women were instructed by Israeli soldiers to leave by a particular street. They had children with them and carried white flags, yet when they reached the street Israeli special forces concealed in a building opened fire on them and shot 50 year-old Rowhiya Al-Najar. The other women desperately tried to rescue her but the gunfire was too heavy and they had to flee for their lives. An ambulance was also prevented from reaching her and she bled to death in the street.

Meanwhile Iman and about 200 other residents whose homes had been destroyed had gathered near her uncle's house which was protecting them to some degree from the shooting. However, this area in turn was also attacked. Iman described how the bulldozers began piling debris up around them, effectively creating a giant hole that they were standing in. They were literally about to be buried alive. By some miracle they managed to also escape from this situation by crawling on their hands and knees for about 150 metres. It was extremely difficult for them to move, especially with the injured and the elderly.

The terrified residents then sought sanctuary at a local UNRWA school. But when they got there missiles were being fired around it and they had to retreat. Finally they managed to leave the area entirely and walked several kilometres to where friends were able to pick them up. Iman's 14 year-old brother Mohammed was missing for 12 hours and she feared he was dead. He had been detained by soldiers in a house along with a neighbour who had begged to be let out to find her children but was not allowed to do so. When the soldiers had shot Rowhiya Al-Najar, Mohammed said they had been singing and dancing and forced him to do the same. When he refused, they threatened to shoot him too.

"It was the hardest day of our lives," repeated Iman over and over again. She had nothing left in the world but the clothes she was standing up in, but under the circumstances she was lucky to escape with her life. As in so many other parts of the Gaza Strip, the atrocities committed against civilians in Khoza'a amount to war crimes.

For me, finding small, elusive birds is one of the hardest to shoot. Little did I know that hot air balloons can be a challenge as well.

Before this event, I turned to Flickr for photos of previous hot air balloon events to give me an idea on how to shoot this awesome activity. However, most are taken of balloons in the air or on a large field where the balloons are usually spaced apart in preparation for the ascent.

One of the main event is called, "Balloon Glow" where they all light up in the sky, mimicking Christmas tree lights! The day before the event, I was imagining all these and I thought, that alone will make this trip all worth it. Unfortunately for us, this was the third time the balloons were not ascending as planned. Northern winds have prevented this from happening; but of course, the people paid a lot of money to see these colorful towering behemoths light up the sky.

So they did just that, blow up the balloons in to one big bunch, firing at random. I wish they did lit up all at the same but they didn't and the last thing I knew, they were deflecting the balloons one by one; they didn't even leave the ground, even an inch!

There were so many elements you have to think of that time. First are the subjects which are the balloons plus the elements surrounding them -- the people, fence, sky, random lights, and more.

One way to shoot this is by using a telephoto lens and crop in on just a portion of the balloon -- like the basket for instance, full of people and the burner being ignited. Another is by shooting the envelope (main balloon) while it is being lit inside. those things though have been done countless times before. Finding a new perspective proves difficult and even impossible. People were everywhere, and the balloon's position just right against the fence means there is no space to really work on.

What I did was to switch to an ultra wide zoom (12-24mm) lens so I can go up to the fence and hopefully isolate the balloons from the other elements. It didn't work for me because I did not like the extreme perspective of the balloons.

Another problem I found was about exposure. Being lit in different places at different times with varying intensity means relying on the camera is not an option. Since the flame burns very bright, it just messes up with exposure and end up with a dark composition. A possible solution is to greatly exaggerate compensation but I opted to switch to manual mode and keep on shooting.

Time was also another thing to keep in consideration. Capturing this even at dusk or dawn is optimal. Since the flames from the balloon has a warm overall mood to it, I thought that contrasting it from the cool blue sky can be interesting. The challenge was to find the right moment where all or almost all of the balloons are fired up and pray hard that you have set the right exposure for that type and intensity of light!

About the image:

This may seem an ordinary image for most people but I chose this image because it showed everything that was happening at that moment. I thought that this image tells a story -- the line of balloons, the firing of the propane, the different types of people (from kids to seniors), the condition of the environment,the vibrant contrasting colors, the temperature difference between the flame and the sky and even the fence in between the people and balloons.

I think I also did follow some rules of photography here. The two persons (left and right) as the framing element, the balloon on the upper right side is following the rule of thirds, the vanishing point, etc.

I did not do any editing on this image whatsoever. It turned up just the way I like it.

I welcome opinions and (not too) violent comments. =:P

Thank you for visiting.

Please view here.

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Majid Tavakkoli is only one of the 18000 captured Iranians in last nine months and are

under hardest torture conditions.Majid has begun to hunger strike and is in a dangerous situation.

every passing day more analysts around the world are saying this kind of treatment against people of a country is not possible by their own people. its only possible that

this kind of haterate manners against Iranian is coming from one old enemy of this country ,out of that borders.

Open Letter to His Excellency Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, and Members of the UN General Assembly

By Dr Shirin Ebadi, Human Rights Advocate and 2003 Nobel Laureate

Since the UN General Assembly must adopt a decision on the Islamic Republic of Iran’s bid for membership in the UN Human Rights Council, and because it is not possible to make a correct decision without knowing the facts about the government’s performance, particularly in the past year, I would like to draw the attention of the distinguished Member States’ representatives to the following points:

The Islamic Republic of Iran is signatory to the international covenants on Civil and Political Rights, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Rights of the Child. Sadly, however, it does not abide by its obligations, in law or in practice. Below is a summary of the breaches:

1. LEGAL OFFENCES

i) There are several cases of gender-based discrimination in the legislation introduced in the wake of the 1979 Revolution. For instance, the blood money for a woman is half that of a man. The testimony of two women is equivalent to the testimony of one man. A man is permitted to have four wives and divorce any of them without giving any reasons. And there are many other instances of discriminatory laws.

ii) There is also discrimination based on religion. According to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the official state religion is the Shi’a branch of Islam. Other Islamic sects, as well as Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Judaism, are also officially recognized religions. But the law does not give any rights to followers of other faiths, such as the Baha’i faith, who also live in Iran, as well as individuals who do not have any particular beliefs or do not subscribe to any particular moral or divine codes. Such groups and faiths are deprived of civil, political, social and cultural rights. In fact, since the Revolution, members of the Baha’i faith have even been barred from studying at universities.

Sadly, there are also blatant differences between the treatment of Muslims and the followers of the other officially recognized religions. For instance, based on the Penal Code, the punishment for the same offence varies depending on whether the perpetrator is a Muslim or non-Muslim.

Based on the law, if an unmarried man and woman commit fornication, they receive a hundred lashes each. But if the woman is Muslim and the man non-Muslim, let’s say a Christian, the man would be sentenced to execution while the woman’s sentence remains a hundred lashes. Or if a Muslim intentionally murders a non-Muslim, let’s say a Jew, and fails to obtain a pardon from the victim’s parents, he will be sentenced to a maximum of 10 years in prison. However, if a non-Muslim murders a Muslim and fails to obtain a pardon from the victim’s parents, he will be sentenced to death. And there are many other instances of discriminatory laws.

iii) Punishments such as stoning, amputation of limbs, crucifixion and flogging exist in the law and have, sadly, been enforced on many occasions.

iv) The age of criminal responsibility in Iran is very low; it is nine for girls and 15 for boys. As a result, there have been many instances when death sentences were issued and carried out against individuals for crimes they had committed when they were less than 18 years of age.

v) The law requires that all books obtain a publication permit from the government. In the recent years, many books have remained unpublished since the authors have not managed to obtain the required permit. There is also press censorship. For example, the Press Law does not allow criticisms of the constitution and closes down any publication that flouts that code.

vi) The right to participate in the administration of the national government through elected representatives is one of the fundamental principles of human rights. Based on Iranian laws, however, the people are not allowed to vote for parliamentary and presidential candidates until the candidates have been vetted and approved by the Guardian Council.

Widespread disqualification of candidates in any elections is very questionable. An instance of that was the June 2009 presidential elections in Iran, when more than 300 candidates registered but only four were approved, one of whom was the incumbent president.

Dear Member States! The aforementioned instances represent merely a fraction of the laws introduced in Iran after the Revolution. To mention every instance of human rights violations in the Iranian Law would take up an entire book, for which the honorable representatives have neither time nor patience.

2. OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE

In addition to the above-mentioned laws, there have been numerous instances where government officials have also committed breaches of human rights by breaking laws formulated and endorsed by the government. And, sadly, such breaches have intensified in the past year.

Millions of Iranians took to the streets in the wake of the June 2009 presidential elections to protest against the poll results in a peaceful manner. The government responded with bullets and imprisoned numerous protestors. Many photographs and witnesses corroborate the government’s violence, not to mention instances when sufficient facts and evidence were presented to the authorities and public that exposed the identity of the killers. Sadly, however, the Judiciary and other state officials have not taken any steps to apprehend the killers or even reduce the level of violence.

A large number of political, civil, and even cultural, activists have been arrested on unfounded charges. Some were sentenced to death after summary trials behind closed doors. Political prisoners are treated so badly that some have died in jail and under torture. These prisoners are even deprived of the rights afforded by law to ordinary and dangerous inmates.

Iran has turned into a big prison for journalists whose only crime is to disseminate information. In addition to closing down many newspapers, the authorities filter many news websites, jam Persian-language satellite broadcasts and arrest individuals by monitoring their emails and telephone calls.

Iranian students are imprisoned or barred from education for making the slightest political criticism.

Iranian women who seek equal rights are charged with conspiring to overthrow the Islamic Republic; criminal proceedings have been instituted against more than a hundred of these women.

Workers and teachers have been accused of causing riots and disorder because they were trade union members and had protested against their low wages. Some of them have been imprisoned, and many have lost their jobs.

Iran is home to various tribes and, based on the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Constitution, they should enjoy the right to study and teach their language and culture. To date, however, they have been deprived of that right.

Not only are non-Muslims persecuted, but even followers of the Shi’a faith, which is the official state religion, have not been immune from government repression; an example of that is the persecution and detention of Gonabad Dervishes.

Meanwhile, human rights defenders are treated the worst because the authorities do not want any reports on human rights violations in Iran to leave the country. As a result, most of the known activists in Iran are either in prison or barred from travelling abroad; or else they have been forced underground and into hiding. More distressingly, indictments have been issued against some of them for Moharebeh (waging war against God), which is a charge punishable by death.

The Iranian government has not allowed any UN Human Rights Council special rapporteurs into the country since 2005.

Several resolutions have been adopted against Iran by various organs of the UN for reasons already mentioned. The most recent of these resolutions, as the Member States’ representatives recall, was passed by the UN General Assembly in December 2009.

Let us not forget that the UN General Assembly Resolution 60/251 on the establishment of the Human Rights Council, which was passed in 2006, requires Member States to observe the following:

“Uphold the highest standards in the promotion and protection of human rights”

“Extend full cooperation to the Human Rights Council”

Now the questions that arise are: Does the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has been violating human rights for years, deserve to be on the Human Rights Council? Could a state that has hitherto disregarded and ignored UN resolutions make proper judgements on observance of human rights in other countries?

We hope that by rejecting the Islamic Republic of Iran’s bid for membership in the Human Rights Council, you will draw the Iranian authorities’ attention to their wrongdoings, and that you will also make that country’s membership to the council conditional on the implementation of UN resolutions on human rights violations in Iran, in particular the resolution 64/176 of December 2009.

Dr Shirin Ebadi

Human Rights Advocate and 2003 Nobel Laureate

20 April 2010

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

The hardest thing for me in the doll hobby is attempting to take shots of multiple dolls. We had many orders for black wigs during this last preorder and a whole bunch got finished up over the weekend. They look like an accidental emo band.

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

File name: 10_03_001646a

Binder label: Agriculture

Title: The Putnam hot forged nail is sure, the hardest usage to endure. (front)

Created/Published: Phila. [i. e. Philadelphia], Pa. : Avil & Co. Prs. & Liths.

Date issued: 1870-1900 (approximate)

Physical description: 1 print : chromolithograph ; 7 x 12 cm.

Genre: Advertising cards

Subject: Men; Horses; Nails & spikes; Bows (Weapons)

Notes: Title from item.

Statement of responsibility: Putnam Nail Co.

Collection: 19th Century American Trade Cards

Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department

Rights: No known restrictions.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

The hardest part of this shot was waiting for no people in the shot. I love the lines and curves playing together with the different contrasts. Probably my favorite shot that I've taken this year. Taken June 2018 Denver, Colorado via 500px ift.tt/2wwvJz5

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but

it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-

offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable

punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s

theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was

a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the

Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the

Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal

punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral

ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive

larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread

and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay

silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the

Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right

next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-

labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be

shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man

traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes.

However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by

this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its

bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck,

but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off

his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main

convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such

as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic

style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other

measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and

brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape,

made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of

life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist

there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

SL's hardest hunt has started - Twisted hunt

Visit this location at Secrets of Gaia, Twisted HQ, Grogo's Gadgets, Garden of Hedone in Second Life

The Wall Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

"It was the hardest day of our lives"

Update for Wednesday 14th January, 2009

In an escalation of the ground offensive in the south of the Gaza Strip, Israeli forces terrorised the population of Khoza'a, a small rural community east of Khan Younis. They entered the area at about 3.00am on the morning of Tuesday 13th January in an incursion lasting until Tuesday evening. This follows heavy missile strikes on Khoza'a in recent days, notably on Saturday 10th January.

According to a local municipality official, approximately 50 homes were bulldozed along with farmland, olive and citrus groves. The scent of lemons could faintly be determined whilst navigating the wreckage, emanating from so many mangled trees. A family explained how their home was demolished with them inside it. They sheltered in the basement as the upper storeys were destroyed. Later they realised the basement itself was being attacked and narrowly missed being crushed to death by escaping through a small hole in the debris.

Iman Al-Najar was with her family in their home when military D-9 bulldozers began to demolish it. They managed to escape and Iman then encouraged some of her neighbours to try to leave the vicinity. The group of women were instructed by Israeli soldiers to leave by a particular street. They had children with them and carried white flags, yet when they reached the street Israeli special forces concealed in a building opened fire on them and shot 50 year-old Rowhiya Al-Najar. The other women desperately tried to rescue her but the gunfire was too heavy and they had to flee for their lives. An ambulance was also prevented from reaching her and she bled to death in the street.

Meanwhile Iman and about 200 other residents whose homes had been destroyed had gathered near her uncle's house which was protecting them to some degree from the shooting. However, this area in turn was also attacked. Iman described how the bulldozers began piling debris up around them, effectively creating a giant hole that they were standing in. They were literally about to be buried alive. By some miracle they managed to also escape from this situation by crawling on their hands and knees for about 150 metres. It was extremely difficult for them to move, especially with the injured and the elderly.

The terrified residents then sought sanctuary at a local UNRWA school. But when they got there missiles were being fired around it and they had to retreat. Finally they managed to leave the area entirely and walked several kilometres to where friends were able to pick them up. Iman's 14 year-old brother Mohammed was missing for 12 hours and she feared he was dead. He had been detained by soldiers in a house along with a neighbour who had begged to be let out to find her children but was not allowed to do so. When the soldiers had shot Rowhiya Al-Najar, Mohammed said they had been singing and dancing and forced him to do the same. When he refused, they threatened to shoot him too.

"It was the hardest day of our lives," repeated Iman over and over again. She had nothing left in the world but the clothes she was standing up in, but under the circumstances she was lucky to escape with her life. As in so many other parts of the Gaza Strip, the atrocities committed against civilians in Khoza'a amount to war crimes.

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but

it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-

offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable

punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s

theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was

a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the

Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the

Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal

punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral

ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive

larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread

and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay

silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the

Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right

next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-

labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be

shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man

traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes.

However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by

this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its

bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck,

but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off

his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main

convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such

as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic

style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other

measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and

brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape,

made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of

life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist

there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

A drive by shot of a mural of James Brown located in the Over-the-Rhine area near downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. James' tie to Cincinnati comes from the fact that he frequently recorded for King Records of Cincinnati. He performed locally fairly often and we even saw him shopping downtown once. He surely was an innovator and an impressive performer. I'm glad I got to see him a few times.

From Wikipedia:

"King Records was unique among the independent labels because the entire production process was done in-house: recording, mastering, printing, pressing and shipping."

"It was the hardest day of our lives"

Update for Wednesday 14th January, 2009

In an escalation of the ground offensive in the south of the Gaza Strip, Israeli forces terrorised the population of Khoza'a, a small rural community east of Khan Younis. They entered the area at about 3.00am on the morning of Tuesday 13th January in an incursion lasting until Tuesday evening. This follows heavy missile strikes on Khoza'a in recent days, notably on Saturday 10th January.

According to a local municipality official, approximately 50 homes were bulldozed along with farmland, olive and citrus groves. The scent of lemons could faintly be determined whilst navigating the wreckage, emanating from so many mangled trees. A family explained how their home was demolished with them inside it. They sheltered in the basement as the upper storeys were destroyed. Later they realised the basement itself was being attacked and narrowly missed being crushed to death by escaping through a small hole in the debris.

Iman Al-Najar was with her family in their home when military D-9 bulldozers began to demolish it. They managed to escape and Iman then encouraged some of her neighbours to try to leave the vicinity. The group of women were instructed by Israeli soldiers to leave by a particular street. They had children with them and carried white flags, yet when they reached the street Israeli special forces concealed in a building opened fire on them and shot 50 year-old Rowhiya Al-Najar. The other women desperately tried to rescue her but the gunfire was too heavy and they had to flee for their lives. An ambulance was also prevented from reaching her and she bled to death in the street.

Meanwhile Iman and about 200 other residents whose homes had been destroyed had gathered near her uncle's house which was protecting them to some degree from the shooting. However, this area in turn was also attacked. Iman described how the bulldozers began piling debris up around them, effectively creating a giant hole that they were standing in. They were literally about to be buried alive. By some miracle they managed to also escape from this situation by crawling on their hands and knees for about 150 metres. It was extremely difficult for them to move, especially with the injured and the elderly.

The terrified residents then sought sanctuary at a local UNRWA school. But when they got there missiles were being fired around it and they had to retreat. Finally they managed to leave the area entirely and walked several kilometres to where friends were able to pick them up. Iman's 14 year-old brother Mohammed was missing for 12 hours and she feared he was dead. He had been detained by soldiers in a house along with a neighbour who had begged to be let out to find her children but was not allowed to do so. When the soldiers had shot Rowhiya Al-Najar, Mohammed said they had been singing and dancing and forced him to do the same. When he refused, they threatened to shoot him too.

"It was the hardest day of our lives," repeated Iman over and over again. She had nothing left in the world but the clothes she was standing up in, but under the circumstances she was lucky to escape with her life. As in so many other parts of the Gaza Strip, the atrocities committed against civilians in Khoza'a amount to war crimes.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

The hardest working man in show business checking out some graffiti on 2nd Avenue South; Birmingham, AL; 2011

Canon Powershot S95, wide angle lens, Aperture Priority setting, Auto Exposure Bracketing (AEB). Camera was mounted on a tripod. Used Photomatix Pro 4 and Topaz Adjust to generate the HDR image and edit.

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

"It was the hardest day of our lives"

Update for Wednesday 14th January, 2009

In an escalation of the ground offensive in the south of the Gaza Strip, Israeli forces terrorised the population of Khoza'a, a small rural community east of Khan Younis. They entered the area at about 3.00am on the morning of Tuesday 13th January in an incursion lasting until Tuesday evening. This follows heavy missile strikes on Khoza'a in recent days, notably on Saturday 10th January.

According to a local municipality official, approximately 50 homes were bulldozed along with farmland, olive and citrus groves. The scent of lemons could faintly be determined whilst navigating the wreckage, emanating from so many mangled trees. A family explained how their home was demolished with them inside it. They sheltered in the basement as the upper storeys were destroyed. Later they realised the basement itself was being attacked and narrowly missed being crushed to death by escaping through a small hole in the debris.

Iman Al-Najar was with her family in their home when military D-9 bulldozers began to demolish it. They managed to escape and Iman then encouraged some of her neighbours to try to leave the vicinity. The group of women were instructed by Israeli soldiers to leave by a particular street. They had children with them and carried white flags, yet when they reached the street Israeli special forces concealed in a building opened fire on them and shot 50 year-old Rowhiya Al-Najar. The other women desperately tried to rescue her but the gunfire was too heavy and they had to flee for their lives. An ambulance was also prevented from reaching her and she bled to death in the street.

Meanwhile Iman and about 200 other residents whose homes had been destroyed had gathered near her uncle's house which was protecting them to some degree from the shooting. However, this area in turn was also attacked. Iman described how the bulldozers began piling debris up around them, effectively creating a giant hole that they were standing in. They were literally about to be buried alive. By some miracle they managed to also escape from this situation by crawling on their hands and knees for about 150 metres. It was extremely difficult for them to move, especially with the injured and the elderly.

The terrified residents then sought sanctuary at a local UNRWA school. But when they got there missiles were being fired around it and they had to retreat. Finally they managed to leave the area entirely and walked several kilometres to where friends were able to pick them up. Iman's 14 year-old brother Mohammed was missing for 12 hours and she feared he was dead. He had been detained by soldiers in a house along with a neighbour who had begged to be let out to find her children but was not allowed to do so. When the soldiers had shot Rowhiya Al-Najar, Mohammed said they had been singing and dancing and forced him to do the same. When he refused, they threatened to shoot him too.

"It was the hardest day of our lives," repeated Iman over and over again. She had nothing left in the world but the clothes she was standing up in, but under the circumstances she was lucky to escape with her life. As in so many other parts of the Gaza Strip, the atrocities committed against civilians in Khoza'a amount to war crimes.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

"It was the hardest day of our lives"

Update for Wednesday 14th January, 2009

In an escalation of the ground offensive in the south of the Gaza Strip, Israeli forces terrorised the population of Khoza'a, a small rural community east of Khan Younis. They entered the area at about 3.00am on the morning of Tuesday 13th January in an incursion lasting until Tuesday evening. This follows heavy missile strikes on Khoza'a in recent days, notably on Saturday 10th January.

According to a local municipality official, approximately 50 homes were bulldozed along with farmland, olive and citrus groves. The scent of lemons could faintly be determined whilst navigating the wreckage, emanating from so many mangled trees. A family explained how their home was demolished with them inside it. They sheltered in the basement as the upper storeys were destroyed. Later they realised the basement itself was being attacked and narrowly missed being crushed to death by escaping through a small hole in the debris.

Iman Al-Najar was with her family in their home when military D-9 bulldozers began to demolish it. They managed to escape and Iman then encouraged some of her neighbours to try to leave the vicinity. The group of women were instructed by Israeli soldiers to leave by a particular street. They had children with them and carried white flags, yet when they reached the street Israeli special forces concealed in a building opened fire on them and shot 50 year-old Rowhiya Al-Najar. The other women desperately tried to rescue her but the gunfire was too heavy and they had to flee for their lives. An ambulance was also prevented from reaching her and she bled to death in the street.

Meanwhile Iman and about 200 other residents whose homes had been destroyed had gathered near her uncle's house which was protecting them to some degree from the shooting. However, this area in turn was also attacked. Iman described how the bulldozers began piling debris up around them, effectively creating a giant hole that they were standing in. They were literally about to be buried alive. By some miracle they managed to also escape from this situation by crawling on their hands and knees for about 150 metres. It was extremely difficult for them to move, especially with the injured and the elderly.

The terrified residents then sought sanctuary at a local UNRWA school. But when they got there missiles were being fired around it and they had to retreat. Finally they managed to leave the area entirely and walked several kilometres to where friends were able to pick them up. Iman's 14 year-old brother Mohammed was missing for 12 hours and she feared he was dead. He had been detained by soldiers in a house along with a neighbour who had begged to be let out to find her children but was not allowed to do so. When the soldiers had shot Rowhiya Al-Najar, Mohammed said they had been singing and dancing and forced him to do the same. When he refused, they threatened to shoot him too.

"It was the hardest day of our lives," repeated Iman over and over again. She had nothing left in the world but the clothes she was standing up in, but under the circumstances she was lucky to escape with her life. As in so many other parts of the Gaza Strip, the atrocities committed against civilians in Khoza'a amount to war crimes.

"The Hardest Hit" March & Parliamentary Lobby - 11.05.2011

Part (1) The Prelude to the March

Between 8,000 and 10,000 disabled people with long-term conditions, their families, carers and many trade union supporters assembled on London's Victoria Embankment to protest against the punitive cuts to welfare spending implimented by David Cameron's "Caring Conservatives", which are specifically aimed at the sick and the disabled. Using French IT company ATOS Origin to do the government's dirtiest work, the disabled are being summoned to "Work Capability Assessments" at ATOS Regional offices up and down the country, and are then subjected to a twenty minute examination by often medically unqualified staff who ask a series of questions and then try fill in tick boxes on their completely inflexible computerised forms, which are inadequate for coping with the very serious complexities which go with long-term disabilities. These accumulated scores then form that disabled person's Work Capability score. Input from Doctors, Carers and Senior Consultants is not allowed to be considered when going through this sham exercise designed to force people off Disablity benefits and mobility allowances - crucial to many working disabled people, many of whom have had to stop work because they cannot get there any more thanks to this incompetent process. Instead they become trapped in their homes, unable to shop for themselves or socialise.

The ATOS assessors are paid a bounty of around £70 for every person they instruct the Department of Work and Pensions to be thrown off their benefits, and those assessors with medical qualifications are instructed by the government when they sign contracts to do assessment work with ATOS that the normal medical code of conduct regarding their innate responsibility for the well-being of the patient is waived!

Since the introduction of this punitive and intensely cruel process several disabled people have committed suicide, having had their support ripped away from them, with many disabled people becoming homeless. There are also many instances where people with terminal illnesses have been told they are fit for work, their benefits stopped, and have died within weeks in absolute abject misery because the State has treated them monstrously.

Many previously independent disabled people in their own homes have had to be institutionalised in homes run by private comanies who are egging the government forward because they make a huge profit from running these homes. The sickest irony is that it costs around £10,000 per year to keep a disabled person living in their own home, independent and contributing to society, yet it costs the taxpayer between £30/40,000 to put them in a care home where they may be neglected or even worse abused.

Assaults and threats against the disabled has increased sharply over the last year as a direct result of the government's insulting press campaigns which have painted the sick and disabled as workshy scroungers. Nothing could be further from the truth, but as long as those in power have the ability to behave so appallingly towards the very weakest and most vulnerable members of our society just to score cheap political points, then that is what an increasing number of people in this country want to believe.

In December of last year Iain Duncan Smith, the minister for Work and Pensions, said of the disabled in Rupert Murcoch's Sun Newspaper interview:

"It embarrasses me. I think this is the greatest country on earth.

“They have become conditioned to be users of services, not providers of money. This is a huge part of the reason we have this massive deficit. We have had to borrow vast sums of money. We went on this inflated spending spree."

Ever since that statement by Iain Duncan Smith the Sun, the Daily Express and the Telegraph have run continual lie-filled campaigns in their pages stating that around 75% of the disabled are fully able to work but because they are little more than complaining parasites who just want to sit at home enjoying themselves at "Our" expense. The rapid consequence of this disgusting, immoral slur which could be easily mistaken for the propaganda campaigns of the National Socialist Party in pre-war Germany.

Because the government has picked on the Disabled first, they are getting away with it. Most people in this country are unable to even begin to understand what it is like living with a severe disability. Most people in this country are too stupid and dull to have the intelligence to question what they are being told to think by the right-wing press who serve the Global Capitalists hiding 'round the curtain waiting to get the nod to start taking over huge parts of our National Health Service using the appalling American model which is all about profit and not about the patient's actual needs.

This is what David Cameron has planned for Great Britain, and he's starting with the disabled because disability makes most people uncomfortable because they're so self-obsessed and shallow that human empathy is too rich an emotion for them to grasp. Instead they are turning against the disabled, and talking to many disabled people it is very clear that a lot of them are now living in a climate of fear, hounded by bullies in their local communities, taunted in the streets, often physically abused or spat at, their homes broken into, their meagre possessions stolen.

And all this human misery because David Cameron's Conservatives will not punish the banks and hedge funds which caused the recession which has wrecked our economy, and he will not close down the corporate tax loopholes, shut down the tax havens and start throwing corrupt, greedy financiers in prison where they belong. All this human pain because Conservatives think that the State should stop providing services cheaply and reasonably efficiently, and instead services should be run by completely unaccountable private comanies whose only masters are the shareholders. This is all about profit, nothing else. profit at the expense of human pain and fear.

On appeal following an ATOS assessment around 70% of people win their cases, proving how incompetent ATOS' system is, but the cruellest part is that an appeal can take a year, during which that disabled person's mental and physical health has deteriorated. Many are driven to desperation and suicidal thinking. The government is just about to make it much, much harder to appeal against an ATOS decision by making it impossible to get any form of Legal Aid which would pay for a solicitor armed with the Law to represent you. It seems unbelievably wicked and cruel to me.

All photos © 2011 Pete Riches

Do not reproduce or reblog my images without my permission.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

Penal station story

Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.

From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.

The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.

The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.

Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.

In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts[8]

Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.

Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.

"It was the hardest day of our lives"

Update for Wednesday 14th January, 2009

In an escalation of the ground offensive in the south of the Gaza Strip, Israeli forces terrorised the population of Khoza'a, a small rural community east of Khan Younis. They entered the area at about 3.00am on the morning of Tuesday 13th January in an incursion lasting until Tuesday evening. This follows heavy missile strikes on Khoza'a in recent days, notably on Saturday 10th January.

According to a local municipality official, approximately 50 homes were bulldozed along with farmland, olive and citrus groves. The scent of lemons could faintly be determined whilst navigating the wreckage, emanating from so many mangled trees. A family explained how their home was demolished with them inside it. They sheltered in the basement as the upper storeys were destroyed. Later they realised the basement itself was being attacked and narrowly missed being crushed to death by escaping through a small hole in the debris.

Iman Al-Najar was with her family in their home when military D-9 bulldozers began to demolish it. They managed to escape and Iman then encouraged some of her neighbours to try to leave the vicinity. The group of women were instructed by Israeli soldiers to leave by a particular street. They had children with them and carried white flags, yet when they reached the street Israeli special forces concealed in a building opened fire on them and shot 50 year-old Rowhiya Al-Najar. The other women desperately tried to rescue her but the gunfire was too heavy and they had to flee for their lives. An ambulance was also prevented from reaching her and she bled to death in the street.

Meanwhile Iman and about 200 other residents whose homes had been destroyed had gathered near her uncle's house which was protecting them to some degree from the shooting. However, this area in turn was also attacked. Iman described how the bulldozers began piling debris up around them, effectively creating a giant hole that they were standing in. They were literally about to be buried alive. By some miracle they managed to also escape from this situation by crawling on their hands and knees for about 150 metres. It was extremely difficult for them to move, especially with the injured and the elderly.

The terrified residents then sought sanctuary at a local UNRWA school. But when they got there missiles were being fired around it and they had to retreat. Finally they managed to leave the area entirely and walked several kilometres to where friends were able to pick them up. Iman's 14 year-old brother Mohammed was missing for 12 hours and she feared he was dead. He had been detained by soldiers in a house along with a neighbour who had begged to be let out to find her children but was not allowed to do so. When the soldiers had shot Rowhiya Al-Najar, Mohammed said they had been singing and dancing and forced him to do the same. When he refused, they threatened to shoot him too.

"It was the hardest day of our lives," repeated Iman over and over again. She had nothing left in the world but the clothes she was standing up in, but under the circumstances she was lucky to escape with her life. As in so many other parts of the Gaza Strip, the atrocities committed against civilians in Khoza'a amount to war crimes.