View allAll Photos Tagged guide
I always enjoyed photographing at Guide Bridge it was quite busy most times with lots of different freights ect here we see Class 40 40128 passing through with a parcels train. 27/07/1976. I saw 15 different Class 40,s that day.
image Kevin Connolly - All rights reserved so please do no use this without my explicit permission
ACCESS July round round
July 12th - Aug 8th
===========================================
.
🏃 Teleport to Main sim
.
🏃 ️ Teleport to Cam sim 1
🏃 ️ Teleport to Cam sim 2
⚝ more info: www.access-sl.com
⚝ Follow us on IG: @access_event
⚝ Gallery: www.access-sl.com/shopping-guide
⚝️ Facebook: www.facebook.com/Access.SecondLife/
See you there! ♥
A picture of a young MUhimba (cousins of the Himbas, famous in Namibia) i took in south Angola; she was dancing and playing with her long dreadlocks. I asked her what she used to make her dreadlocks, she told me she took the hair of her whole family!
© Eric Lafforgue
and so i meet u again.
castelluccio, after months, my little fox.
(BIG ON BLACK www.flickr.com/photos/a_morosini/7621508604/in/photostrea... )
Former London Country Bus Services LCBS Leyland Olympian with Roe bodywork on Princes Street Edinburgh September 2000. Converted to open top for the tourist trail around the city.
Schoolgirl guide at The Cameron School, Alotau, PNG. She was very knowledgeable, as well as proud of 'her' school.
All the children we met that day were a true testament on why we should take more care of our world ... and its people. The children are our future.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_Valley
Monument Valley (Navajo: Tsé Biiʼ Ndzisgaii, pronounced [tsʰépìːʔ ǹtsɪ̀skɑ̀ìː], meaning "valley of the rocks") is a region of the Colorado Plateau characterized by a cluster of sandstone buttes, with the largest reaching 1,000 ft (300 m) above the valley floor. The most famous butte formations are located in northeastern Arizona along the Utah–Arizona state line. The valley is considered sacred by the Navajo Nation, the Native American people within whose reservation it lies.
Monument Valley has been featured in many forms of media since the 1930s. Famed director John Ford used the location for a number of his Westerns. Film critic Keith Phipps wrote that "its five square miles [13 km2] have defined what decades of moviegoers think of when they imagine the American West".
Sourc: navajonationparks.org/navajo-tribal-parks/monument-valley/
History
Before human existence, the Park was once a lowland basin. For hundreds of millions of years, materials that eroded from the early Rock Mountains deposited layer upon layer of sediment which cemented a slow and gentle uplift, generated by ceaseless pressure from below the surface, elevating these horizontal strata quite uniformly one to three miles above sea level. What was once a basin became a plateau.
Natural forces of wind and water that eroded the land spent the last 50 million years cutting into and peeling away at the surface of the plateau. The simple wearing down of altering layers of soft and hard rock slowly revealed the natural wonders of Monument Valley today.
From the visitor center, you see the world-famous panorama of the Mitten Buttes and Merrick Butte. You can also purchase guided tours from Navajo tour operators, who take you down into the valley in Jeeps for a narrated cruise through these mythical formations. Places such as Ear of the Wind and other landmarks can only be accessed via guided tours. During the summer months, the visitor center also features Haskenneini Restaurant, which specializes in both native Navajo and American cuisines, and a film/snack/souvenir shop. There are year-round restroom facilities. One mile before the center, numerous Navajo vendors sell arts, crafts, native food, and souvenirs at roadside stands.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "米国" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis" "ארצות הברית" "संयुक्त राज्य" "США"
(Arizona) "أريزونا" "亚利桑那州" "אריזונה" "एरिजोना" "アリゾナ州" "애리조나" "Аризона"
(Utah) "يوتا" "犹他州" "יוטה" "यूटा" "ユタ州" "유타" "Юта"
(Monument Valley) "وادي النصب التذكاري" "纪念碑谷" "Vallée des monuments" "מוניומנט ואלי" "स्मारक घाटी" "モニュメントバレー" "모뉴먼트 밸리" "Долина Монументов" "Valle de los Monumentos"
The American Soap Opera, "The Guiding Light" ended Friday after a 72 year run. I, who have no time to watch the soaps, watched it many years ago and can't believe it has ended. Guess they had to make time for more reality TV. ^¿^
It will be revealed on 15 February.
See more at youtube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=JONF4tgTh34&feature=youtu.be
and follow Bryn Oh’s Blog: brynoh.blogspot.de
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Singularity of Kumiko by Bryn Oh
Opening: February 14th 2014 on Immersiva
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bryn Oh
Education/ Basic Training
Toronto School of Art
Zbrush computer animation
Seneca College, Toronto, Ontario.
Completed degree in Softimage computer animation program.
Bachelor of Art, A.O.C.A.D.,
Ontario College of Art and Design, Toronto, Ontario.
Completed years 1 and 2 at O.C.A.D. in Toronto, Canada, completed my 3rd year in Fine Art at O.C.A.D in Florence, Italy, finished final year in Toronto.
Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario.
Completed 2 years of psychology before attending O.C.A.D.
Selected Independent Art Exhibitions and new media events
A "virtual environment" is an installation that takes place in a virtual world and in some cases it is a "hybrid" which means it is showing in both a virtual world and real world location at the same time. So for example Family unit was shown for a month to thousands of people in the virtual world while also playing on a monitor in a real world museum in Rome, Italy.
Independent:
2014 "The Singularity of Kumiko" immersive environment.
2013 17th Biennial of Cerveira - invited artist hybrid first life and virtual environment.
www.bienaldecerveira.pt/portal/page/portal/fbac/17bienald...
2013 "Juniper" Machinima
www.youtube.com/watch?v=urmhu0jAZD8&feature=c4-overvi...
2013 "Standby" Machinima www.brynoh.blogspot.ca/2013/05/standby-machinima-and-book...
2013 "Imogen and the pigeons" immersive environment. Patrons: Peter Greenaway, Selby Evans, Lovers land studios and Entermeta.
2013 "Virginia Alone", virtual environment hybrid exhibited at the Santa Fe new media festival. www.currentsnewmedia.org/currents2012.html
2012 Feb-April "Standby", virtual environment, support from the Ontario Arts Council grant for new media.
2012 Feb-October “Anna’s Many Murders", virtual environment. machinima www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9L7ck6fQB4
Curator: Amase Levasseur
2011 "BOX", virtual environment, Metales machinima www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCVM7aRwHXw
2011 Sept-Oct "Family Unit" virtual environment hybrid event Second Life/Musei in Commune, Rome, Italy. Curator Marina Bellini machinima www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnuvnelEJQQ&list=UUI7NrJQ5vpg...
2010 Nov-Jan “Rabbicorn2”, Virtual environment (sponsored by IBM)
Curator: Andrew Sempere
2010 July-Aug “Machinima”, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
2010 Apr-Sep World Expo 2010. Madrid Pavilion, Shanghai, China.
Exhibition of my machinima for six months on five four meter monitors.
Curator Cristina García-Lasuén
2010 Apr-May “Through the virtual looking glass”, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA. Curator: Gary Zabel
2009 July-Sept “The Rabbicorn story”, virtual environment (sponsored by IBM)
Curator: Andrew Sempere
2009 Feb-Apr "26 tines", hybrid virtual installation for the University of Texas San Antonio.
Curator: Carmen Fies
2009 “How we play”, Neutral Ground, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
2008 Feb-May “The Daughter of Gears”, virtual environment, IBM/Second Life
Curator: Andrew Sempere
2008 Oct-Nov Burning Life/Man hybrid virtual environment, Second Life/Nevada.
Invited artist
2007 Apr-June “Condo’s in Heaven”,hybrid virtual installation at the University of Kentucky
Curator: Andrew Sempere
2007 Mar-May “4Jetpacks4”, hybrid Virtual environment, University of Massechussets
Curator: Gary Zabel
2006 Sept-Oct "Steampunk", New Media Consortium, Princeton University.
Curator: Carol Pfeifer
Collaborative:
2013 "Danse Macabre" with Peter Greenaway. Basel, Switzerland
2013 "POLVERE DI STELLE" (Stardust) In collaboration with D. D'Art, Francesca, Barbi Marinetti, and Margutta RistorArte of Rome, MIC-Imagin@rium.
2012 SLACTIONS machinima festival.
2012 "The Cube Project" Collaborative build, Linden Endowment for the Arts
curator: Bryn Oh machinima www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9cjH-bwACs&list=UUI7NrJQ5vpg...
2012 "Further along the Path", Collaborative exquisite corpse build, Linden Endowment for the Arts.
Curator: Bryn Oh machinima www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FvFwApBjGo&list=UUI7NrJQ5vpg...
2012 Creation of art for Cao Fei. (for upcoming project)
2011 "The Path" Collaborative exquisite corpse build, Linden Endowment for the Arts.
Curator: Bryn Oh Prim perfect
2011 virtual artwork created for the movie “My Avatar and Me”, Directed by Bente Milton.
2011 creation of a virtual articulated hand for artist Stelarc.
2010 MaMachinima International Festival (second life/ first life cinema)
2010 “Big Bang” Peter Greenaway project, Warsaw, Poland.
virtual artwork created for hybrid performance/installation.
wielkiwybuch.eu/eng/projekt.htm
2009 Nov-Jan Imagine festival, hybrid virtual environment Second Life, Yoko Ono/ University of Texas, San Antonio. Curator: Carmen Fies
2009 “Words Travel Fast”, Nuit Blanche, Toronto Transit Commission video monitors.
In collaboration with the poet Catherine Graham. (machinima)
2008 Brooklyn is watching, Jack the pelican presents, Brooklyn, U.S.A. (second life/first life mix)
Awards
Received an Ontario Arts Council grant from the Canadian government for new media.
Received the Peter Greenaway prize (machinima) (An award presented/selected by Director Peter Greenaway in association with the University of Western Australia.
Received the George A. Reid Award from the Ontario College of Art and Design for painting.
Selected Publications / TV
Because I am Not Here, Selected Second Life-Based Art Case Studies. Subjectivity, Autoempathy and Virtual World Aesthetics
Francisco Gerardo Toledo Ramírez
Download ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1031/
MediaLab - Prado (Spain) April 2012, Cristina García-Lasuén,"Open this end - Cinemapop"
medialab-prado.es/article/open_this_end
Contra - March 2012. www.thinkcontra.com/the-curious-world-of-bryn-oh/
Visual Effects Society (Los Angeles) Immersive Experiences: The Future of Entertainment.
www.visualeffectssociety.com/date/event-immersive-experie...
Vogue Magazine (Italy), September2011,Lamonaca, Simona, "Non c'e, ma si vede" p.278
Web3D presenter, Paris, France.
Digital Cafe RAI TV (Italy) - Conference on digital innovation, Christina Cilli, Italian theoretician and curator of VR art
Artpulse Magazine, June 2010, Cristina García-Lasuén, "Video Art Now: Real, Virtual, and Machinima"
Art 21, November 2009 Gaskins, Nettrice, “Virtual artists immersive discoveries in virtual 3D frontier”
Artworker,September, 2009, Barass,Judy,"Is this the real world"
16th February 2003 Turnbull, Barbara, “The True Tale of a Renovation”, Toronto Star, p.F1,F4
1997 Baines, Chris et. al., “Wind, Water, Rock and Sky,” The Cognashene Book Corporation, Port Perry Printing Ltd., Canada
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The "Somewhere in sl" picture series (or "The Adventures of WuWai in Second Life") is my guide and bookmark folder to wonderful, artful, curious or in other way remarkably sims of second life with travel guide WuWai Chun.
(More pictures of WuWai's adventures: Follow this link)
You can find and buy some of the pictures inworld at my “Gallery"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Once December hits, it kind of feels like we’re on the fast train to Christmas Day! It always seems to sneak up on us and it’s a little frantic making sure we have just the right gifts for our nearest and dearest.
This year, we’re making it our goal to shop with as many small...
www.edinburghart.com/gifts-and-treats-for-your-nearest-an...
James Spencer peeks in as Jason Beagle guides a boat into the trailer. DC Strokes Rowing Club, Occoquan Chase, Fairfax County, VA.
One night when we were driving back, this heavy storm started coming in. Our guide (also being a photographer) pulled over so I could get some shots. I got a couple and then he floored it back to the lodge so we didn't get caught out in it (nice job Richard..)
Canon EOS 60D
Canon EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6 IS USM
41sec
f/5.6
Felt an odd tug yesterday morning to drop everything and head off to a nearby cemetery. Nothing weird about this really, I do it all the time. The oddness I suppose had to do with coming to this particular cemetery and on a bright, sunny day (a condition I usually avoid for this type of work). I intended to take photos, but perhaps there was more to this visit than that. I'm never really sure what drives things like this, but I have learned to heed my inner voice. I wandered about as usual, stopping at random points, taking photos here and there, and often just pausing to take in the environment and the crispness of an autumn morning. I find this approach works well for me. If I try to muscle through, bent solely on photography, both the image quality and the overall experience suffer. Everything in balance, that's what works best for me. I eventually found myself kneeling before this tiny figurine. So small that I could not get low enough to see the downturned face. I pulled out the smartphone (the camera I have found is indispensable for close focus work) and just aimed it blindly and cocked off a couple of frames. It was only later when I pulled up the images on computer that I could really appreciate this scene. Despite the randomness of my arrival, the timing was perfect to create the graceful swoosh of sunlight across the face. And somehow only the face itself was in focus while the eyes seemed to gaze directly at me. Once again I had somehow divined the perfect place to be at just the right moment, in this case a six inch tall figurine amid a 25 acre burial ground. Like finding the proverbial needle in a haystack.
Class 40 40024 [Lucania} runs through Guide Bridge station with a train of empty wagon's when I first photographed this loco at Saltley depot in 1973 it had allready lost both nameplates. 29/07/1976.
Kevin Connolly - All rights reserved so please do no use this image without my explicit permission
Just has to be a vertical, I really should get one off those Pen half frames that takes verticals when the camera is held "normally". This one a bit a bit of a struggle as it was over developed so needed some tweaking and still not over happy, next roll again perhaps.
Architecturally I like the stepped effect going upwards.
The oldest part of this mill was built in 1826. It was built for Samuel Greg & Co (of Styal), who bought an adjoining sailcloth mill (now demolished) in 1825. In 1832 a 12 horsepower Boulton and Watt engine was brought over from Greg's original mill at Styal in Cheshire. In 1861 the mill was bought by Storey Brothers, who probably added the fireproofing. It closed in 1982, the adjoining weaving sheds were demolished in 1986 and the main mill building was converted to office use in 1989-90. It became the headquarters of sportswear manufacturers Reebok UK Ltd in August 1990 before being taken over by the NHS in 2008.
Grace's Guide says: Storey Brothers and Co, Moor Lane Mills; 15,496 spindles, 5'/40' weft; 864 looms, domestics, twills, &c.; and calico printers and makers of imitation leathers, table covers, tectorium, &c., at White Cross Mills. Telegrams, " Storey, Lancaster." Telephone No., 20.
Visual expression of "Heart" for Advanced Lighting assignment. I chose to focus on the Eshu and Shakti charms i normally wear around my neck.
This image also appears as part of a trans-formed work by my flickr friend Trans-formation.
In addition to the work of Essomba72 seen below, LouisCypher has offered up a mod of this image in his photostream.
coated with lichen in dense sea fog atop a coastal hill. Made from Precambrian rocks of the Canadian Shield. From its perch in peneplained tundra, it may have been overlooking Hudson Bay when European whalers first chanced by.
Best viewed large.
More inuksuit? please see my "Venture into the Arctic" gallery.
Notice the complete absence of trees? Ground that remains frozen all year round is called tundra. The cause is permafrost, which is the "mark of the white dragon" left behind by continental glaciation, now retreated to the nether regions of Arctic Canada. All of Nunavut lies north of the tree-line. The treeline is 200 km south of this locale while remnant polar ice caps in the High Arctic are another 1000 km north.
20% of the northern hemisphere falls within the realm of permafrost. When you are standing upon continental or alpine tundra, you are standing -in- the Ice Age.
...
..
.
30/7/77. An over the fence shot reveals a host of class 40s at rest.I believe that there were at least 8 here.40030 and 40004 are prominent with 40118 and 40035 in the background.
An mighty oak tree that caught my eye. It seems to be pointing the way so you don't miss the curve in the road. The light made it stand out so much I had to stop and take its picture. The same guiding light is available to us each and everyday as we allow the Holy Spirit guide our every way in life's journey. Hope you all have a great autumn and wonderful weekend.
I met this guide in Sri Lanka in January 2019, he was very interesting to talk to and as you can see he has a stunning head of hair. (I’m very jealous!)
Guide Bridge stabling point, was a Class 76 enthusiasts delight on Sunday 17th June 1979, by the looks of this view.
Dhankar Lake
============
Dhankar lake is a water body trapped in mountains about 2.5km from Dhankar monastery. We started our climb to Dhankar lake after lunch around 2 PM. The locals typically take 20-25 minutes to cover this distance. Even though the distance is small, it is more challenging as almost half of the trek is uphill and the low oxygen makes it more difficult. Half way into my climb, I was so tired that I rested for good 15 minutes before continuing further. After about 1 hour 30 minutes, I managed to reach the destination and the trouble I took climbing this much was totally worth it. The lake trapped among towering mountain seemed like a mirage. Our guide told us that since last two years the lake is not getting any water and its level is gradually dropping. This also serves as a watering hole for mountain goats who where grazing way above in the mountains. After a while they came down and some of them were seen cooling themselves on the slightly marshy areas around the lake. After spending a good 2 hours, I started my climb down. It was even more difficult than the climb up. Finally when I reached Dhankar, the only thing I wanted was hot ginger-lemon-honey juice and a hot bath. I got the former but the later eluded me till I reached Bangalore!
Guides on a hike?
Probably in the vicinity of Kyoto.
1907, unidentified photographer.
(Too bad, the writing on the sign near the stone on the left side is far too small.)
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/SL15B%20Spellbound/39/138/24
Lots of gifts + Hunt Gift during community celebration of SL's 15th Birthday.
Location: Pyramiden, Svalbard
Sasha welcomes tourists and independent travellers to the desolate Soviet settlement of Pyramiden. He is wearing a fur coat and carrying the rifle to protect you from polar bears.
Camera: GF670
Format: 6x6
Film: HP5+
Scanner: CanoScan 9000F
Developing Tank: Kaiser
Developed in: Ilfosol 3 for 6:30 minutes
Fixer: Fomafix
Wetting agent: Fotonal
The Flatiron Building, originally the Fuller Building, is a triangular 22-story, 285-foot-tall (86.9 m) steel-framed landmarked building located at 175 Fifth Avenue in the eponymous Flatiron District neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan, New York City. Designed by Daniel Burnham and Frederick Dinkelberg, it was one of the tallest buildings in the city upon its 1902 completion, at 20 floors high, and one of only two "skyscrapers" north of 14th Street—the other being the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, one block east. The building sits on a triangular block formed by Fifth Avenue, Broadway, and East 22nd Street—where the building's 87-foot (27 m) back end is located—with East 23rd Street grazing the triangle's northern (uptown) peak. As with numerous other wedge-shaped buildings, the name "Flatiron" derives from its resemblance to a cast-iron clothes iron.
Called "one of the world's most iconic skyscrapers and a quintessential symbol of New York City", the building anchors the south (downtown) end of Madison Square and the north (uptown) end of the Ladies' Mile Historic District. The neighborhood around it is called the Flatiron District after its signature, iconic building. The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1966, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1989.
The Flatiron Building sits on a triangular block formed by Fifth Avenue to the west, Broadway to the east, and East 22nd Street to the south. The western and eastern facades converge, forming a "peak" at its northern corner where Fifth Avenue and Broadway intersect with East 23rd Street. The shape of the site arises from Broadway's diagonal alignment relative to the Manhattan street grid. The site measures 197.5 feet (60.2 m) on Fifth Avenue, 214.5 feet (65.4 m) on Broadway, and 86 feet (26 m) on 22nd Street. Above the ground level, all three corners of the triangle are curved.
Adjacent buildings include the Toy Center to the north, the Sohmer Piano Building to the southwest, the Scribner Building to the south, and Madison Green to the southeast. Entrances to the New York City Subway's 23rd Street station, served by the R and W trains, are adjacent to the building. The Flatiron Building is at the northern end of the Ladies' Mile Historic District, which extends between 15th Street to the south and 24th Street to the north. By the 1990s, the blocks south of the building had also become known as the Flatiron District
At the beginning of March 1901, media outlets reported that the Newhouse family was planning to sell "Eno's flatiron" for about $2 million to Cumberland Realty Company, an investment partnership created by Harry S. Black, CEO of the Fuller Company. The Fuller Company was the first true general contractor that dealt with all aspects of buildings' construction (except for design), and they specialized in erecting skyscrapers. Black intended to construct a new headquarters building on the site, despite the recent deterioration of the surrounding neighborhood. At the end of that March, the Fuller Company organized a subsidiary to develop a building on the site. The sale was finalized in May 1901.
Black hired Daniel Burnham's architectural firm to design a 21-story building on the site in February 1901. It would be Burnham's first in New York City, the tallest building in Manhattan north of the Financial District, and the first skyscraper north of Union Square (at 14th Street). The Northwestern Salvage and Wrecking Company began razing the site in May 1901, after the majority of existing tenants' leases had expired. Most of the Cumberland's remaining tenants readily vacated the building in exchange for monetary compensation. The sole holdout was Winfield Scott Proskey, a retired colonel who refused to move out until his lease expired later that year. Cumberland Realty unsuccessfully attempted to deactivate Proskey's water and gas supply, and Proskey continued to live in the Cumberland while contractors demolished all of the surrounding apartments. By the end of May 1901, Cumberland Realty discovered that Proskey was bankrupt, and his creditors took over the lease and razed the rest of the Cumberland that June.
The New York Herald published an image of the site on June 2, 1901, with the caption "Flatiron Building". The project's structural engineer, Corydon Purdy, filed plans for a 20-story building on the site were filed that August. The Flatiron Building was not the first building of its triangular ground-plan, although it was the largest at the time of its completion. Earlier buildings with a similar shape include a triangular Roman temple built on a similarly constricted site in the city of Verulamium, Britannia; Bridge House, Leeds, England (1875); the I.O.O.F. Centennial Building (1876) in Alpena, Michigan; and the English-American Building in Atlanta (1897). The Real Estate Record and Guide published a drawing of the building in October 1901; though the drawing was captioned "The Cumberland", it was very similar to the Flatiron Building's final design.
The Atlantic Terra Cotta Company began producing architectural terracotta pieces for the building in August 1901. Around the same time, the New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) indicated that it would refuse to approve Purdy's initial plans unless the engineers submitted detailed information about the framework, fireproofing, and wind-bracing systems. Purdy complied with most of the DOB's requests, submitting detailed drawings and documents, but he balked at the department's requirement that the design include fire escapes. For reasons that are unclear, the DOB dropped its requirement that the building contain fire escapes. In addition, the building was originally legally required to contain metal-framed windows, although this would have increased the cost of construction. The city's Board of Building Commissioners had granted an exemption to Black's syndicate, prompting allegations of favoritism. A new Buildings Department commissioner was appointed at the beginning of 1902, promising to enforce city building codes; this prompted general contractor Thompson–Starrett Co. to announce that the building's window frames would be made of fireproof wood with a copper coating.
The building's steel frame was manufactured by the American Bridge Company in Pennsylvania. The frame had risen above street level by January 1902. Construction was then halted for several weeks, first because of a delay in steel shipments, then because of a blizzard that occurred in February. Further delays were caused by a strike at the factory of Hecla Iron Works, which was manufacturing elevators and handrails for the building. The steel was so meticulously pre-cut that, according to The New York Times, the steel pieces could be connected "without so much as the alteration of a bored hole, or the exchange of a tiny rivet". Workers used air-powered tools to rivet the steel beams together, since such equipment was more efficient than steam-powered tools at conducting power over long distances. The frame was complete by February 1902, and workers began installing the terracotta tiles as the framework of the top stories were being finished. By mid-May, the building was half-covered by terracotta tiling. The terracotta work was completed the next month, and the scaffolding in front of the building was removed. The Fifth Avenue Building Company had invested $1.5 million in the project.
Officials of the Fuller Company announced in August 1902 that the structure would be officially named after George A. Fuller, founder of the Fuller Company and "father of the skyscraper", who had died two years earlier. By then, the site had been known as the "flatiron" for several years; according to Christopher Gray of The New York Times, Burnham's and Fuller's architectural drawings even labeled the structure as the "Flatiron Building". Although the Fuller name was used for some time after the building's completion, locals persisted in calling it the Flatiron, to the displeasure of Harry Black and the building's contractors. In subsequent years, the edifice officially came to be known as the Flatiron Building, and the Fuller name was transferred to a newer 40-story structure at 597 Madison Avenue.
In the weeks before the official opening, the Fuller Company distributed six-page brochures to potential tenants and real-estate brokers. The brochures advertised the building as being "ready for occupancy" on October 1, 1902. The Fuller Company took the 19th floor for its headquarters. When completed, the Flatiron Building was much taller than others in the neighborhood; when New York City Fire Department officials tested the building's standpipes in November 1902, they found that "the 'flat-iron' building would be of great aid in fighting the fire" in any surrounding buildings. Following the building's completion, the surrounding neighborhood evolved from an entertainment district to a commercial hub. Initially, the building was topped by a flagpole, which was maintained by one man, "Steeplejack" Kay, for four decades. Henry Clay Frick expressed interest in purchasing the structure in 1904 for $5 million, but he ultimately withdrew his offer.
During the building's construction, Black had suggested that the "cowcatcher" retail space be installed at the northern tip of the building, occupying 93 square feet (8.6 m2) of unused space at the extreme northern end of the lot. This would maximize use of the building's lot and produce some retail income. Burnham initially refused to consider Black's suggestion, and, in April 1902, Black asked a draftsman at the Fuller Company to draw up plans for the retail space. Black submitted plans for the annex to the DOB in May 1902. The DOB rejected the initial plans because the walls were too thin, but the department approved a revised proposal that June, to Burnham's disapproval. The retail space in the "cowcatcher" was leased by United Cigar Stores.
Another addition to the building not in the original plan was the penthouse, which was constructed after the rest of the building had been completed. By 1905, the Fuller Company needed to expand its technical drawing facilities. As a result, the company filed plans for a penthouse with the New York City Department of Buildings that March. The penthouse would cost $10,000 and would include fireproof partitions and a staircase from the existing 20th floor. The penthouse, intended for use as artists' studios, was quickly rented out to artists such as Louis Fancher, many of whom contributed to the pulp magazines which were produced in the offices below.
New York, often called New York City or simply NYC, is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each of which is coextensive with a respective county. It is a global city and a cultural, financial, high-tech, entertainment, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care, scientific output, life sciences, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy, and is sometimes described as the world's most important city and the capital of the world.
With an estimated population in 2022 of 8,335,897 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2), the city is the most densely populated major city in the United States. New York has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city. New York is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area. With more than 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York City is one of the world's most populous megacities. The city and its metropolitan area are the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. In 2021, the city was home to nearly 3.1 million residents born outside the U.S., the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world.
New York City traces its origins to Fort Amsterdam and a trading post founded on the southern tip of Manhattan Island by Dutch colonists in approximately 1624. The settlement was named New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) in 1626 and was chartered as a city in 1653. The city came under English control in 1664 and was renamed New York after King Charles II granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. The city was temporarily regained by the Dutch in July 1673 and was renamed New Orange; however, the city has been named New York since November 1674. New York City was the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. The modern city was formed by the 1898 consolidation of its five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island, and has been the largest U.S. city ever since.
Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the world's premier financial and fintech center and the most economically powerful city in the world. As of 2022, the New York metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan economy in the world with a gross metropolitan product of over US$2.16 trillion. If the New York metropolitan area were its own country, it would have the tenth-largest economy in the world. The city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization of their listed companies: the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq. New York City is an established safe haven for global investors. As of 2023, New York City is the most expensive city in the world for expatriates to live. New York City is home to the highest number of billionaires, individuals of ultra-high net worth (greater than US$30 million), and millionaires of any city in the world
The written history of New York City began with the first European explorer, the Italian Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. European settlement began with the Dutch in 1608 and New Amsterdam was founded in 1624.
The "Sons of Liberty" campaigned against British authority in New York City, and the Stamp Act Congress of representatives from throughout the Thirteen Colonies met in the city in 1765 to organize resistance to Crown policies. The city's strategic location and status as a major seaport made it the prime target for British seizure in 1776. General George Washington lost a series of battles from which he narrowly escaped (with the notable exception of the Battle of Harlem Heights, his first victory of the war), and the British Army occupied New York and made it their base on the continent until late 1783, attracting Loyalist refugees.
The city served as the national capital under the Articles of Confederation from 1785 to 1789, and briefly served as the new nation's capital in 1789–90 under the United States Constitution. Under the new government, the city hosted the inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States, the drafting of the United States Bill of Rights, and the first Supreme Court of the United States. The opening of the Erie Canal gave excellent steamboat connections with upstate New York and the Great Lakes, along with coastal traffic to lower New England, making the city the preeminent port on the Atlantic Ocean. The arrival of rail connections to the north and west in the 1840s and 1850s strengthened its central role.
Beginning in the mid-19th century, waves of new immigrants arrived from Europe dramatically changing the composition of the city and serving as workers in the expanding industries. Modern New York traces its development to the consolidation of the five boroughs in 1898 and an economic and building boom following the Great Depression and World War II. Throughout its history, New York has served as a main port of entry for many immigrants, and its cultural and economic influence has made it one of the most important urban areas in the United States and the world. The economy in the 1700s was based on farming, local production, fur trading, and Atlantic jobs like shipbuilding. In the 1700s, New York was sometimes referred to as a breadbasket colony, because one of its major crops was wheat. New York colony also exported other goods included iron ore as a raw material and as manufactured goods such as tools, plows, nails and kitchen items such as kettles, pans and pots.
The area that eventually encompassed modern day New York was inhabited by the Lenape people. These groups of culturally and linguistically related Native Americans traditionally spoke an Algonquian language now referred to as Unami. Early European settlers called bands of Lenape by the Unami place name for where they lived, such as "Raritan" in Staten Island and New Jersey, "Canarsee" in Brooklyn, and "Hackensack" in New Jersey across the Hudson River from Lower Manhattan. Some modern place names such as Raritan Bay and Canarsie are derived from Lenape names. Eastern Long Island neighbors were culturally and linguistically more closely related to the Mohegan-Pequot peoples of New England who spoke the Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett language.
These peoples made use of the abundant waterways in the New York region for fishing, hunting trips, trade, and occasionally war. Many paths created by the indigenous peoples are now main thoroughfares, such as Broadway in Manhattan, the Bronx, and Westchester. The Lenape developed sophisticated techniques of hunting and managing their resources. By the time of the arrival of Europeans, they were cultivating fields of vegetation through the slash and burn technique, which extended the productive life of planted fields. They also harvested vast quantities of fish and shellfish from the bay. Historians estimate that at the time of European settlement, approximately 5,000 Lenape lived in 80 settlements around the region.
The first European visitor to the area was Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian in command of the French ship La Dauphine in 1524. It is believed he sailed into Upper New York Bay, where he encountered native Lenape, returned through the Narrows, where he anchored the night of April 17, and left to continue his voyage. He named the area New Angoulême (La Nouvelle-Angoulême) in honor of Francis I, King of France of the royal house of Valois-Angoulême and who had been Count of Angoulême from 1496 until his coronation in 1515. The name refers to the town of Angoulême, in the Charente département of France. For the next century, the area was occasionally visited by fur traders or explorers, such as by Esteban Gomez in 1525.
European exploration continued on September 2, 1609, when the Englishman Henry Hudson, in the employ of the Dutch East India Company, sailed the Half Moon through the Narrows into Upper New York Bay. Like Christopher Columbus, Hudson was looking for a westerly passage to Asia. He never found one, but he did take note of the abundant beaver population. Beaver pelts were in fashion in Europe, fueling a lucrative business. Hudson's report on the regional beaver population served as the impetus for the founding of Dutch trading colonies in the New World. The beaver's importance in New York's history is reflected by its use on the city's official seal.
The first Dutch fur trading posts and settlements were in 1614 near present-day Albany, New York, the same year that New Netherland first appeared on maps. Only in May 1624 did the Dutch West India Company land a number of families at Noten Eylant (today's Governors Island) off the southern tip of Manhattan at the mouth of the North River (today's Hudson River). Soon thereafter, most likely in 1626, construction of Fort Amsterdam began. Later, the Dutch West Indies Company imported African slaves to serve as laborers; they were forced to build the wall that defended the town against English and Indian attacks. Early directors included Willem Verhulst and Peter Minuit. Willem Kieft became director in 1638 but five years later was embroiled in Kieft's War against the Native Americans. The Pavonia Massacre, across the Hudson River in present-day Jersey City, resulted in the death of 80 natives in February 1643. Following the massacre, Algonquian tribes joined forces and nearly defeated the Dutch. Holland sent additional forces to the aid of Kieft, leading to the overwhelming defeat of the Native Americans and a peace treaty on August 29, 1645.
On May 27, 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was inaugurated as director general upon his arrival and ruled as a member of the Dutch Reformed Church. The colony was granted self-government in 1652, and New Amsterdam was incorporated as a city on February 2, 1653. The first mayors (burgemeesters) of New Amsterdam, Arent van Hattem and Martin Cregier, were appointed in that year. By the early 1660s, the population consisted of approximately 1500 Europeans, only about half of whom were Dutch, and 375 Africans, 300 of whom were slaves.
A few of the original Dutch place names have been retained, most notably Flushing (after the Dutch town of Vlissingen), Harlem (after Haarlem), and Brooklyn (after Breukelen). Few buildings, however, remain from the 17th century. The oldest recorded house still in existence in New York, the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, dates from 1652.
On August 27, 1664, four English frigates under the command of Col. Richard Nicolls sailed into New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded New Netherland's surrender, as part of an effort by King Charles II's brother James, Duke of York, the Lord High Admiral to provoke the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Two weeks later, Stuyvesant officially capitulated by signing Articles of Surrender and in June 1665, the town was reincorporated under English law and renamed "New York" after the Duke, and Fort Orange was renamed "Fort Albany". The war ended in a Dutch victory in 1667, but the colony remained under English rule as stipulated in the Treaty of Breda. During the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch briefly recaptured the city in 1673, renaming the city "New Orange", before permanently ceding the colony of New Netherland to England for what is now Suriname in November 1674 at the Treaty of Westminster.
The colony benefited from increased immigration from Europe and its population grew faster. The Bolting Act of 1678, whereby no mill outside the city was permitted to grind wheat or corn, boosted growth until its repeal in 1694, increasing the number of houses over the period from 384 to 983.
In the context of the Glorious Revolution in England, Jacob Leisler led Leisler's Rebellion and effectively controlled the city and surrounding areas from 1689 to 1691, before being arrested and executed.
Lawyers
In New York at first, legal practitioners were full-time businessmen and merchants, with no legal training, who had watched a few court proceedings, and mostly used their own common sense together with snippets they had picked up about English law. Court proceedings were quite informal, for the judges had no more training than the attorneys.
By the 1760s, the situation had dramatically changed. Lawyers were essential to the rapidly growing international trade, dealing with questions of partnerships, contracts, and insurance. The sums of money involved were large, and hiring an incompetent lawyer was a very expensive proposition. Lawyers were now professionally trained, and conversant in an extremely complex language that combined highly specific legal terms and motions with a dose of Latin. Court proceedings became a baffling mystery to the ordinary layman. Lawyers became more specialized and built their reputation, and their fee schedule, on the basis of their reputation for success. But as their status, wealth and power rose, animosity grew even faster. By the 1750s and 1760s, there was a widespread attack ridiculing and demeaning the lawyers as pettifoggers (lawyers lacking sound legal skills). Their image and influence declined. The lawyers organized a bar association, but it fell apart in 1768 during the bitter political dispute between the factions based in the Delancey and Livingston families. A large fraction of the prominent lawyers were Loyalists; their clientele was often to royal authority or British merchants and financiers. They were not allowed to practice law unless they took a loyalty oath to the new United States of America. Many went to Britain or Canada (primarily to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) after losing the war.
For the next century, various attempts were made, and failed, to build an effective organization of lawyers. Finally a Bar Association emerged in 1869 that proved successful and continues to operate.
By 1700, the Lenape population of New York had diminished to 200. The Dutch West Indies Company transported African slaves to the post as trading laborers used to build the fort and stockade, and some gained freedom under the Dutch. After the seizure of the colony in 1664, the slave trade continued to be legal. In 1703, 42% of the New York households had slaves; they served as domestic servants and laborers but also became involved in skilled trades, shipping and other fields. Yet following reform in ethics according to American Enlightenment thought, by the 1770s slaves made up less than 25% of the population.
By the 1740s, 20% of the residents of New York were slaves, totaling about 2,500 people.
After a series of fires in 1741, the city panicked over rumors of its black population conspiring with some poor whites to burn the city. Historians believe their alarm was mostly fabrication and fear, but officials rounded up 31 black and 4 white people, who over a period of months were convicted of arson. Of these, the city executed 13 black people by burning them alive and hanged the remainder of those incriminated.
The Stamp Act and other British measures fomented dissent, particularly among Sons of Liberty who maintained a long-running skirmish with locally stationed British troops over Liberty Poles from 1766 to 1776. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York City in 1765 in the first organized resistance to British authority across the colonies. After the major defeat of the Continental Army in the Battle of Long Island in late 1776, General George Washington withdrew to Manhattan Island, but with the subsequent defeat at the Battle of Fort Washington the island was effectively left to the British. The city became a haven for loyalist refugees, becoming a British stronghold for the entire war. Consequently, the area also became the focal point for Washington's espionage and intelligence-gathering throughout the war.
New York was greatly damaged twice by fires of suspicious origin, with the Loyalists and Patriots accusing each other of starting the conflagration. The city became the political and military center of operations for the British in North America for the remainder of the war. Continental Army officer Nathan Hale was hanged in Manhattan for espionage. In addition, the British began to hold the majority of captured American prisoners of war aboard prison ships in Wallabout Bay, across the East River in Brooklyn. More Americans lost their lives aboard these ships than died in all the battles of the war. The British occupation lasted until November 25, 1783. George Washington triumphantly returned to the city that day, as the last British forces left the city.
Starting in 1785 the Congress met in the city of New York under the Articles of Confederation. In 1789, New York became the first national capital under the new Constitution. The Constitution also created the current Congress of the United States, and its first sitting was at Federal Hall on Wall Street. The first Supreme Court sat there. The United States Bill of Rights was drafted and ratified there. George Washington was inaugurated at Federal Hall. New York remained the national capital until 1790, when the role was transferred to Philadelphia.
During the 19th century, the city was transformed by immigration, a visionary development proposal called the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan, and the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, which connected the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the Midwestern United States and Canada. By 1835, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States. New York grew as an economic center, first as a result of Alexander Hamilton's policies and practices as the first Secretary of the Treasury.
In 1842, water was piped from a reservoir to supply the city for the first time.
The Great Irish Famine (1845–1850) brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, and by 1850 the Irish comprised one quarter of the city's population. Government institutions, including the New York City Police Department and the public schools, were established in the 1840s and 1850s to respond to growing demands of residents. In 1831, New York University was founded by U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin as a non-denominal institution surrounding Washington Square Park.
This period started with the 1855 inauguration of Fernando Wood as the first mayor from Tammany Hall. It was the political machine based among Irish Americans that controlled the local Democratic Party. It usually dominated local politics throughout this period and into the 1930s. Public-minded members of the merchant community pressed for a Central Park, which was opened to a design competition in 1857; it became the first landscape park in an American city.
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city was affected by its history of strong commercial ties to the South; before the war, half of its exports were related to cotton, including textiles from upstate mills. Together with its growing immigrant population, which was angry about conscription, sympathies among residents were divided for both the Union and Confederacy at the outbreak of war. Tensions related to the war culminated in the Draft Riots of 1863 led by Irish Catholics, who attacked black neighborhood and abolitionist homes. Many blacks left the city and moved to Brooklyn. After the Civil War, the rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply, and New York became the first stop for millions seeking a new and better life in the United States, a role acknowledged by the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in 1886.
From 1890 to 1930, the largest cities, led by New York, were the focus of international attention. The skyscrapers and tourist attractions were widely publicized. Suburbs were emerging as bedroom communities for commuters to the central city. San Francisco dominated the West, Atlanta dominated the South, Boston dominated New England; Chicago dominated the Midwest United States. New York City dominated the entire nation in terms of communications, trade, finance, popular culture, and high culture. More than a fourth of the 300 largest corporations in 1920 were headquartered here.
In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), Manhattan, and outlying areas. Manhattan and the Bronx were established as two separate boroughs and joined with three other boroughs created from parts of adjacent counties to form the new municipal government originally called "Greater New York". The Borough of Brooklyn incorporated the independent City of Brooklyn, recently joined to Manhattan by the Brooklyn Bridge; the Borough of Queens was created from western Queens County (with the remnant established as Nassau County in 1899); and the Borough of Richmond contained all of Richmond County. Municipal governments contained within the boroughs were abolished, and the county governmental functions were absorbed by the city or each borough. In 1914, the New York State Legislature created Bronx County, making five counties coterminous with the five boroughs.
The Bronx had a steady boom period during 1898–1929, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression created a surge of unemployment, especially among the working class, and a slow-down of growth.
On June 15, 1904, over 1,000 people, mostly German immigrant women and children, were killed when the excursion steamship General Slocum caught fire and sank. It is the city's worst maritime disaster. On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Greenwich Village took the lives of 146 garment workers. In response, the city made great advancements in the fire department, building codes, and workplace regulations.
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication, marking its rising influence with such events as the Hudson-Fulton Celebration of 1909. Interborough Rapid Transit (the first New York City Subway company) began operating in 1904, and the railroads operating out of Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station thrived.
From 1918 to 1920, New York City was affected by the largest rent strike wave in its history. Somewhere between several 10,000's and 100,000's of tenants struck across the city. A WW1 housing and coal shortage sparked the strikes. It became marked both by occasional violent scuffles and the Red Scare. It would lead to the passage of the first rent laws in the nations history.
The city was a destination for internal migrants as well as immigrants. Through 1940, New York was a major destination for African Americans during the Great Migration from the rural American South. The Harlem Renaissance flourished during the 1920s and the era of Prohibition. New York's ever accelerating changes and rising crime and poverty rates were reduced after World War I disrupted trade routes, the Immigration Restriction Acts limited additional immigration after the war, and the Great Depression reduced the need for new labor. The combination ended the rule of the Gilded Age barons. As the city's demographics temporarily stabilized, labor unionization helped the working class gain new protections and middle-class affluence, the city's government and infrastructure underwent a dramatic overhaul under Fiorello La Guardia, and his controversial parks commissioner, Robert Moses, ended the blight of many tenement areas, expanded new parks, remade streets, and restricted and reorganized zoning controls.
For a while, New York ranked as the most populous city in the world, overtaking London in 1925, which had reigned for a century.[58] During the difficult years of the Great Depression, the reformer Fiorello La Guardia was elected as mayor, and Tammany Hall fell after eighty years of political dominance.
Despite the effects of the Great Depression, some of the world's tallest skyscrapers were built during the 1930s. Art Deco architecture—such as the iconic Chrysler Building, Empire State Building, and 30 Rockefeller Plaza— came to define the city's skyline. The construction of the Rockefeller Center occurred in the 1930s and was the largest-ever private development project at the time. Both before and especially after World War II, vast areas of the city were also reshaped by the construction of bridges, parks and parkways coordinated by Robert Moses, the greatest proponent of automobile-centered modernist urbanism in America.
Returning World War II veterans and immigrants from Europe created a postwar economic boom. Demands for new housing were aided by the G.I. Bill for veterans, stimulating the development of huge suburban tracts in eastern Queens and Nassau County. The city was extensively photographed during the post–war years by photographer Todd Webb.
New York emerged from the war as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading the United States ascendancy. In 1951, the United Nations relocated from its first headquarters in Flushing Meadows Park, Queens, to the East Side of Manhattan. During the late 1960s, the views of real estate developer and city leader Robert Moses began to fall out of favor as the anti-urban renewal views of Jane Jacobs gained popularity. Citizen rebellion stopped a plan to construct an expressway through Lower Manhattan.
After a short war boom, the Bronx declined from 1950 to 1985, going from predominantly moderate-income to mostly lower-income, with high rates of violent crime and poverty. The Bronx has experienced an economic and developmental resurgence starting in the late 1980s that continues into today.
The transition away from the industrial base toward a service economy picked up speed, while the jobs in the large shipbuilding and garment industries declined sharply. The ports converted to container ships, costing many traditional jobs among longshoremen. Many large corporations moved their headquarters to the suburbs or to distant cities. At the same time, there was enormous growth in services, especially finance, education, medicine, tourism, communications and law. New York remained the largest city and largest metropolitan area in the United States, and continued as its largest financial, commercial, information, and cultural center.
Like many major U.S. cities, New York suffered race riots, gang wars and some population decline in the late 1960s. Street activists and minority groups such as the Black Panthers and Young Lords organized rent strikes and garbage offensives, demanding improved city services for poor areas. They also set up free health clinics and other programs, as a guide for organizing and gaining "Power to the People." By the 1970s the city had gained a reputation as a crime-ridden relic of history. In 1975, the city government avoided bankruptcy only through a federal loan and debt restructuring by the Municipal Assistance Corporation, headed by Felix Rohatyn. The city was also forced to accept increased financial scrutiny by an agency of New York State. In 1977, the city was struck by the New York City blackout of 1977 and serial slayings by the Son of Sam.
The 1980s began a rebirth of Wall Street, and the city reclaimed its role at the center of the worldwide financial industry. Unemployment and crime remained high, the latter reaching peak levels in some categories around the close of the decade and the beginning of the 1990s. Neighborhood restoration projects funded by the city and state had very good effects for New York, especially Bedford-Stuyvesant, Harlem, and The Bronx. The city later resumed its social and economic recovery, bolstered by the influx of Asians, Latin Americans, and U.S. citizens, and by new crime-fighting techniques on the part of the New York Police Department. In 1989, New York City elected its first African American Mayor, David Dinkins. He came out of the Harlem Clubhouse.
In the late 1990s, the city benefited from the nationwide fall of violent crime rates, the resurgence of the finance industry, and the growth of the "Silicon Alley", during the dot com boom, one of the factors in a decade of booming real estate values. New York was also able to attract more business and convert abandoned industrialized neighborhoods into arts or attractive residential neighborhoods; examples include the Meatpacking District and Chelsea (in Manhattan) and Williamsburg (in Brooklyn).
New York's population reached an all-time high in the 2000 census; according to census estimates since 2000, the city has continued to grow, including rapid growth in the most urbanized borough, Manhattan. During this period, New York City was a site of the September 11 attacks of 2001; 2,606 people who were in the towers and in the surrounding area were killed by a terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, an event considered highly traumatic for the city but which did not stop the city's rapid regrowth. On November 3, 2014, One World Trade Center opened on the site of the attack. Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive storm surge to New York in the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan. It flooded low-lying areas of Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. Electrical power was lost in many parts of the city and its suburbs.
made sure i did the savannah slow ride pub tour on my recent trip. It's basically a huge bike, and with this particular tour a group of about 15 people rode the bike from pub to pub. this was our guide.
The guides are fully trained through the New Zealand Mountain Guides association and have thorough knowledge of the glacier and the surrounding mountains.
For Miffymoo2......nearing the light, the journey is nearly over...
Pedestrian tunnel under the river Thames, Greenwich, London UK
Please View On Black for best effect