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(From Wikipedia, edited):
Suomenlinna, until 1918 Viapori (Finnish), or Sveaborg (Swedish), is an inhabited sea fortress built on six islands and which now forms part of the city of Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
Suomenlinna is a UNESCO World Heritage site and popular with tourists and locals, who enjoy it as a picturesque picnic site. Originally named Sveaborg (Fortress of Svea), or Viapori as called by Finnish-speaking Finns, it was renamed Suomenlinna (Castle of Finland) in 1918 for patriotic and nationalistic reasons, though it is sometimes known by its original name.
The Swedish crown commenced the construction of the fortress in 1748 as protection against Russian expansionism. The general responsibility for the fortification work was given to Augustin Ehrensvärd. The original plan of the bastion fortress was strongly influenced by the ideas of Vauban, the foremost military engineer of the time, and the principles of Star Fort style of fortification, albeit adapted to a group of rocky islands.
In addition to the island fortress itself, seafacing fortifications on the mainland would ensure that an enemy would not acquire a beach-head from which to stage attacks. The plan was also to stock munitions for the whole Finnish contingent of the Swedish Army and Royal Swedish Navy there. In the Finnish War the fortress surrendered to Russia on May 3, 1808, paving the way for the occupation of Finland by Russian forces in 1809.
syn. Artocarpus lacucha form dadah.
Green Tampang; Moraceae.
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S. Daniele de Forma
In una celebre bolla di Onorio III, fra le altre chiese della regione lateranense, è ricordato un oratorio di san Daniele: et exinde a via revolvente super ecclesiam ss. Petri et Marcellini usque ad ecclesiam s. Bartholomei de capite merulanae et exinde A SANCTO DANIELE usque ad portam urbis (Dat. Laterani pridie id. dec. pontificat. a. XIII). Il codice di Torino la pone fra quelle della seconda partita, precisamente fra s. Bartolomeo de Merulana e il celeberrimo oratorio di s. Lorenzo; nota però p247l' anonimo che la chiesa era profanata e diruta: ecclesia s. Danielis est destructa. Assai antica adunque credesi l' origine della chiesa per essere già abbandonata nei primi anni del secolo XIII. Era fra le pochissime e forse l' unica in Roma dedicata ai grandi santi dell' antico patto. Nè il Garampi, nè il Martinelli, nè il Bruzio fanno menzione alcuna di questa antica cristiana memoria della nostra città , la quale forse fu definitivamente distrutta nel secolo XIV. Il Lonigo la ricorda, e scrive che di essa chiesa ritrova memoria nella bolla di Pasquale II e nel bullario di s. Giovanni: dalla sua denominazione de forma risulta che era ppoggiata ai ruderi dei grandi acquedotti romani che traversano il campo lateranense.
Da Le chiese di Roma di Mariano Armellini, 1891;
Raccolta Internet de Le chiese di Bill Thayer;
Foto Alvaro ed Elisabetta de Alvariis in Via Merulana
Dans la chaleur de la nuit. La géométrie d'un immeuble compact est relativement cristalline, tandis que celle de de notre immeuble à Bastos est plus liquide.
La forme d'un immeuble montre une forte corrélation avec l'ampleur de un effet d'îlot de fraîcheur nocturne. Nous souhaitons créer une cour qui fonctionne comme une cheminée éolinnne, nous reviendrons à la fin de notre proposition sur l'idée d'un immeuble-cheminée.
Les immeubles urbains ont tendance à être plus chauds que ceux des zones rurales environnantes.
Les raisons générales de cet effet d'"îlot de chaleur urbain" ne sont pas difficiles à comprendre, mais une analyse statistique établit maintenant un lien entre l'ampleur de l'excès de température nocturne et la configuration géométrique des bâtiments de la ville de Yaoundé.
La relation entre la thermique et l'agencement d'un immeuble peut s'avérer utile pour concevoir des stratégies d'économie d'énergie dans les quartiers du centre-ville comme ici à Bastos.
La géométrie du plan, en particulier le facteur de la "vue du ciel", qui mesure la fraction du ciel visible depuis la parcelle de l'immeuble, influence la façon dont la résidence projetée ici à Yaoundé absorbera la chaleur pendant la journée et la diffusera pendant la nuit.
L' influence de la vitesse et de la direction du vent sur la capacité de ventilation d'une cour fonctionnant comme une cheminée
éolienne est fonction de la géométrie du toit.
Le toit des immeubles à Yaoundé est plat, incliné ou incurvé et parfois comme dans notre projet percé au milieu par une cour-cheminée.
Le champ de pression interne et le débit d'air induit à l'intérieur de la cour intérieure est fortement influencés par la géométrie du toit de l'immeuble et la direction du vent.
L'immeuble avec un toit incurvé a une meilleure performance que les autres types d'immeubles à cour carré. En effet le vent est rarement linéaire et les molécules qui composent l'air sont de masse différente. Il se produit par la force de gravité combinée à celle de Coriolis, une sorte de tourbillon qui est mieux capté par une forme courbe ou en corolle comme une fleur capte mieux les masse d'air pour se refroidir ou même créer des tourbillons internes pour favoriser l'arrivée d'insecte ou d'oiseaux polinisateurs.
Les plans d'un immeuble orthogonal et les plans plus aléatoires de notre immeuble à Bastos pourrait suggérer deux typologies.
Une datant du siècle dernier qui favorise la division de l'espace en géométrie quantifiable dans des carrés ou des rectangles. La géométrie quadrangulaire est assez facile à mettre en oeuvre et correspond bien à la rationalité pseudo-scientifique de certaine théories d'architecture qui ont beaucoup influencé les étudiants en architecture du dernier siècle.
L'alternative en plande géométrie aléatoire que nous proposons semble plus adapté au développement d'une climatisation gratuite et sans investissement autre que de convaincre les géomètres de diviser l'espace d'une autre manière? L'informatique pourrait simplifier notre démarche, car ce qui donnait difficulté à la forme courbe, était justement de calculer les surfaces inhérentes à ce type de surface. Il y a aussi peut-être une forme de confort culturel ethnocentrique à rester dans le carré des géomètres?
Une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre la forme d'un immeuble et l'effet du réchauffement global pourrait aider les étudiants en architecture dans les villes à climat chaud et froid, car elle peut soit augmenter la demande de climatisation, soit diminuer la demande de chauffage.
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U.S. 5TH FLEET AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY (March 17, 2014) The Cyclone-class coastal patrol ship USS Hurricane (PC 3) leads other coastal patrol ships assigned to Patrol Coastal Squadron 1 (PCRON 1) in formation during a divisional tactics exercise. PCRON-1 is deployed supporting maritime security operations and theater security cooperation efforts in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Charles Oki/Released)
This image forms part of the digitised photographs of the Ross and Pat Craig Collection. Ross Craig (1926-2012) was a local historian born in Stockton and dedicated much of his life promoting and conserving the history of Stockton, NSW. He possessed a wealth of knowledge about the suburb and was a founding member of the Stockton Historical Society and co-editor of its magazine. Pat Craig supported her husband’s passion for history, and together they made a great contribution to the Stockton and Newcastle communities. We thank the Craig Family and Stockton Historical Society who have kindly given Cultural Collections at the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia, access to the collection and allowed us to publish the images. Thanks also to Vera Deacon for her liaison in attaining this important collection.
Please contact Cultural Collections at the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia, if you are the subject of the image, or know the subject of the image, and have cultural or other reservations about the image being displayed on this website and would like to discuss this with us.
Some of the images were scanned from original photographs in the collection held at Cultural Collections, other images were already digitised with no provenance recorded.
You are welcome to freely use the images for study and personal research purposes. Please acknowledge as “Courtesy of the Ross and Pat Craig Collection, University of Newcastle (Australia)" For commercial requests please consider making a donation to the Vera Deacon Regional History Fund.
These images are provided free of charge to the global community thanks to the generosity of the Vera Deacon Regional History Fund. If you wish to donate to the Vera Deacon Fund please download a form here: uoncc.wordpress.com/vera-deacon-fund/
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SITE NAME OR SITE NUMBER: Dry Creek (Tuck Carpenter, 41CP5)
VESSEL NO.: 130
VESSEL FORM: Compound bowl with four rim peaks (Figure A1.16)
RIM AND LIP FORM: Everted rim and a rounded lip
CORE COLOR: B (fired and cooled in a reducing environment)
INTERIOR SURFACE COLOR: dark brown
EXTERIOR SURFACE COLOR: dark brown
INTERIOR SURFACE TREATMENT: smoothed
EXTERIOR SURFACE TREATMENT: smoothed
HEIGHT (IN CM): 7.8
ORIFICE DIAMETER (IN CM): 15.5
DIAMETER AT BOTTOM OF RIM OR NECK (IN CM): 14.9
BASE DIAMETER (IN CM) AND SHAPE OF BASE: 5.0; circular and flat
ESTIMATED VOLUME (IN LITERS): 0.97 liters
DECORATION (INCLUDING MOTIF AND ELEMENTS WHEN APPARENT): The upper rim panel is plain, but the lower rim panel has a series of discontinuous engraved slanting scrolls. Each scroll is divided by two vertical hatched columns and a single vertical engraved line. The upper and lower scroll fill zones are cross-hatched triangular areas.
PIGMENT USE AND LOCATION ON VESSEL: none
TYPE AND VARIETY [IF KNOWN]: Ripley Engraved, var. unspecified
Formas escultóricas de la puerta de acceso a un auditorio en Sta. Cruz de Tenerife, elaboradas en resinas sintéticas
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Rob Barnes
These are a geological wonder formed millions of years ago into hexagon shaped pilar stacks. Many of them have fallen off and broken into a big pile down the hill. Further up the hill some of the rocks are still in stacked piles beside each other, but eventually they will also fall down. They may also stay intact for another few hundred years. It is great to look at with that stunning view below. It did not feel completely safe climbing all over the rocks, and I did not want to disturb the rocks that have been lying there for a long time, untouched by mankind. It is a nice 20 minute climb to get up there. It is worth it for the view and to see the rocks.
this piece is one of my earliest pieces in my portfolio. the beginning to my love of the human form.
model: Alex H.C.
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