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The finger to the right is pointing to the external siphon, as you can easily tell the internal siphon beside the water spurting out beside the larger exernal siphon. . The photo with the external siphon is spurting water is very rare to capture (my first) and the water shot up almost 24". Very interesting to me. Best seen on larger sizes.
VECTORCOM TRD550 Rectangular 3.5mm Plug 5W External Speaker - will fit in 2RU panel - Learn more: www.amazon.com/dp/B00OFKI5TE/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_T6B8EPQ...
External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar visited the Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland
Soldiers and Airmen from the Virginia National Guard’s Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, High Yield Explosive Enhanced Response Force Package, or CERFP, brave record-breaking freezing temperatures Feb. 21, 2015, to conduct a large-scale training exercise at Fort Pickett, Va., in preparation for an external evaluation the unit will undergo later this year. The exercise brought together approximately 230 Soldiers and Airmen from the unit’s various specialized elements, to include decontamination teams, medical teams, communication specialists, search and extraction teams, fatality each and recovery teams. (Photo by Staff Sgt. Terra C. Gatti, Virginia Guard Public Affairs)
3.5" Hunter XCI CG PreCut to fit tracks Polyiso Continuous Insulation installed over 3M 3015 AVB Roosevelt Field Neiman Marcus. Polyiso higher thermal resistance allows for thinner tracks and overall wall thickness. Passes NFPA 285
Xci CG is a high-thermal rigid insulation panel composed of a closed cell polyisocyanurate foam core manufactured on-line to premium performance coated glass facers on both sides. It is designed for use in commercial wall applications to provide continuous insulation within the building envelope.
external Fontan: Oxygen-poor blood coming back from the bottom half of the body is diverted directly into the lungs with an external conduit instead of flowing back into the heart before going to the lungs.
more info: www.heartbabyhome.com/2013/05/64-fontan-external/
The Fort Knox energy team demonstrated during an Energy Security Project ribbon-cutting ceremony Wednesday the installation’s capability to operate independently of external power sources using natural gas from beneath the post’s surface – a first for a U.S. military installation.
The project was originally conceived to address mission readiness issues experienced in 2009 when an ice storm left Fort Knox and much of Kentucky without power for several consecutive days.
The harvesting of renewable methane gas on post in recent years and the installation’s six new energy substations that include gas generators now allow Fort Knox to continue 100 percent of its operations if power from the external utility provider is cut off. The post’s 3.7 megawatts of solar arrays and 6 million square feet of building space that is heated and cooled using geothermal energy has allowed the post to reduce its dependency on using other power sources, such as gas, as well.
“We’re giving back gold to the taxpayers,” said Garrison Commander Col. T.J. Edwards. “Our (Directorate of Public Works) estimates that we will save about $8 million per year from peak shaving.”
Peak shaving des-cribes another primary purpose of the Energy Security Project – switching to Fort Knox-produced power when energy demand strains the off-post energy utility, which is also when costs to purchase energy are at its highest. Com- bined with the savings achieved through geothermal heating and cooling, Fort Knox’s annual energy utility bill is projected to be $18 million less.
“Our energy team is special,” said Edwards. “We’ve won nine conse- cutive Secretary of the Army energy awards. But we don’t sit on our laurels. We’re constantly getting after it, asking how do we get better.”
Katherine Ham-mack, the assistant secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment, addressed the criticality for installations to maintain operating capability at all times.
“Energy security underwrites our unique ability to rapidly de- ploy, employ and sustain military forces around the globe, she
said. “And it’s for that
reason the Army is moving toward building resilience into our installations.”
Fort Knox’s ability to achieve this “resilience” was credited by the secretary and garrison commander as a result of Fort Knox Director-ate of Public Works, contracting command and legal officials working to establish partnerships with third parties whose expertise is in the energy field. As an example, Edwards singled out Brandon Marcum, an engineer and Harshaw Trane subcontractor for Nolin RECC, as a central figure in creating and developing the concept that became the Energy Security Project.
“We have authorities to work with third parties, leveraging core competency, capability and funding to enable us to meet our mission,” said Hammack. “The private sector partners have stepped up to help the Army in meeting our mission requirements.”
Nolin RECC staff gave the audience of about 150 area and military leaders, Fort Knox employees and area community members an inside look at its energy security bunker through a live video stream. Attendees were told how all of the systems function to achieve energy independence and peak shave. The built-in redundancies to prevent power failure – such as an off-site energy security bunker and the multiple, secured substations – were touted as well during the demonstration.
The formal celebration of the occasion involved a unique twist. Dignitaries and Army leaders didn’t cut a ribbon, they unplugged a ribbon. The ribbon was an LED cord, and when it was unplugged in the middle, the side connected to the Fort Knox power source stayed lit, symbolizing Fort Knox’s energy independence.
“Kentucky is very proud of the efforts here,” said Dave Thompson, Kentucky Commission on Mili-tary Affairs executive director. “We see Fort Knox as a growing in- stallation with undeniable potential for the future. Job well done.”
For more information about Fort Knox’s energy initiatives, read Capt. Jo Smoke’s story in the March 26 edition of The Gold Standard, titled “The Army’s only green island: 20 years of energy investments pay off,” which can be found at bit.ly/1FY4MT5. To learn more about the Energy Security Project visit youtu.be/CxNH7m0cdfw.
Photo By Renee Rhodes Fort Knox Photo
170926-M-CK339-035 MEDITERRANEAN SEA (Sept. 25, 2017) – An AH-1Z Cobra, attached to the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit’s (MEU) Aviation Combat Element, lands aboard the San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock ship USS San Diego (LPD 22) Sept. 25, 2017. The 15th MEU and America Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) perform flight training to remain prepared as a maritime crisis-contingency force. San Diego is deployed with the America ARG and 15th MEU to support maritime security operations and theater security cooperation efforts in the U.S. 6th Fleet area of operations. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Jeremy Laboy/Released)
This shows the new leaded light windows at night from the outside illuminated by the hallway lights.Private residence. The door panel and two side panels are new stained glass windows to match existing panels along the top. Various textured and hand-blown glasses with handmade glass roundels. Each leaded light has a new hand painted bird feature in the centre.
3.5" Hunter XCI CG PreCut to fit tracks Polyiso Continuous Insulation installed over 3M 3015 AVB Roosevelt Field Neiman Marcus. Polyiso higher thermal resistance allows for thinner tracks and overall wall thickness. Passes NFPA 285
Xci CG is a high-thermal rigid insulation panel composed of a closed cell polyisocyanurate foam core manufactured on-line to premium performance coated glass facers on both sides. It is designed for use in commercial wall applications to provide continuous insulation within the building envelope.
3.5" Hunter XCI CG PreCut to fit tracks Polyiso Continuous Insulation installed over 3M 3015 AVB Roosevelt Field Neiman Marcus. Polyiso higher thermal resistance allows for thinner tracks and overall wall thickness. Passes NFPA 285
Xci CG is a high-thermal rigid insulation panel composed of a closed cell polyisocyanurate foam core manufactured on-line to premium performance coated glass facers on both sides. It is designed for use in commercial wall applications to provide continuous insulation within the building envelope.
Out of this world public domain images from NASA. All original images and many more can be found from the NASA Image Library
Higher resolutions with no attribution required can be downloaded: www.rawpixel.com/board/418580/nasa
Template for Vectorcom TRD550 Rectangular Speaker - Learn more: www.amazon.com/dp/B00OFKI5TE/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_T6B8EPQ...
The government spends £284 billion – almost a third of its total expenditure – on external suppliers. The money spent goes to a complex web of organisations, including large contractors, SMEs, charities, housing associations and academy chains, who all deliver public services. But while public service delivery has changed, the law has not kept up – and there is less information about outsourced services than those delivered directly by the government.
At this event, we discussed:
What additional information should government routinely publish about outsourced public services?
Whether the Freedom of Information Act 2000 should be extended to all providers of public services?
How public services can be made more transparent without placing burdens on SMEs, charities and other small providers?
Our panel included:
Meg Hillier MP, Chair of the Public Accounts Committee
Kate Steadman, Group Strategy & Communications Director, Serco
Karl Wilding, Chief Executive at the National Council for Voluntary Organisations
Steve Wood, Deputy Commissioner (Policy) at the Information Commissioner’s Office
The event was chaired by Nick Davies, Programme Director at the Institute for Government.
We would like to thank international law firm Gowling WLG for supporting this event.
#IFGoutsourcing
Photos by Candice McKenzie
External View of Referees' Shed after the screen was erected across the side door at Martens Oval, Bundaberg.
(Versão em português após o original em inglês)
“Mr. President,
I congratulate the Republic of Korea for assuming the presidency of the Security Council for the month of February.
I also thank your Excellency for convening this timely and important high-level debate on the protection of civilians in armed conflict.
I would like to greet Her Excellency Louise Mushikiwabo, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Rwanda, and His Excellency Elmar Mammadyarov, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan, and thank them for their contribution to this debate.
I am equally grateful to Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for his very informative briefing and to High Commissioner Navi Pillay and Mr Philip Spoerri, of the International Committee of the Red Cross, for their remarks.
Mr. President,
As we gather to discuss this crucial item in the Council’s agenda, our departing point must be the acknowledgement that, as indicated by the Secretary-General in his latest report, the state of affairs regarding the protection of civilians is "abysmal".
Civilians continue to be injured, displaced and killed in great numbers and submitted to all kinds of hardship in many parts of the world.
It is our collective moral and political responsibility to confront this situation and offer civilians under actual or potential risk improved prospects.
The difficulties that have prevented us from adequately discharging our responsibilities around the protection of civilians do not stem from differences on the fundamental ethics underlying the concept.
They stem from differences that prevent us from translating our common ethics into agreed policies that will lead to coherent and effective results.
The use of force in the protection of civilians stands out as an issue that divides opinions, compromises efforts towards the peaceful settlement of disputes, and distances us from dealing with the multifaceted issues surrounding protection.
As regards the use of force, a Brazilian concept paper on the “responsibility while protecting” was shared with the Security Council in 2011.
In our view, resort to military action should always be an exceptional measure, after all peaceful means have been exhausted and only upon the authorization of this Council.
And if force is authorized, it must be judicious, proportionate and limited to the objectives established by the Council. One must be careful not to worsen a situation that puts civilians at risk and involuntarily contribute to further violence and instability.
Furthermore, the Council should ensure before the wider membership that military action is monitored and resolutions are interpreted and implemented in a way that guarantees the observance of responsibility while protecting.
Events in the recent past make us ponder whether direct military intervention or support to armed groups has led to improved circumstances for civilians or to further instability and violence.
However, even as we ponder on past experience, we could easily agree on the notion that the most effective way to protect civilians is to prevent armed conflict and, should it arise, display a real commitment to its resolution by peaceful means.
The Charter provides a basis for associating the maintenance of peace and security with the promotion of socioeconomic and institutional development, as well as respect for human rights.
I had the opportunity to highlight this aspect in the debate under Brazil’s presidency, in February 2011, on the interdependence between peace, security and development.
It is possible to argue that the promotion of sustainable development, poverty eradication and food security contributes to the promotion of peace and security by creating a more stable environment for civilians.
It is regrettable that the world should spend astronomical resources on the development of weapons and military budgets, while we are still short of meeting ODA targets, as agreed in the 2002 Monterey Consensus.
This disturbing situation was described by Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in a powerful article published last August. As he said, the world is over-armed and peace is under-funded.
If we are seriously to commit to the protection of civilians – and if we all agree this should be done first by avoiding the emergence of conflict – we must seek to revert this trend.
The upcoming Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty offers us an opportunity to take a meaningful step and agree on rules that will help spare civilians from the consequences of poorly monitored flows of arms.
On the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation front, consistent and balanced progress needs to be made. We cannot afford to leave this agenda unfinished. In this context, I must say that the Brazilian Government condemns the new nuclear test carried out by the DPRK. We urge the North Korean Government to fully comply with all relevant UNSC resolutions on the matter.
In the same vein of approaching the protection of civilians as a means to avoid conflict, this Council should fully assume its responsibility regarding the plight of those who are victimized on a daily basis in protracted conflicts, such as the one between Israel and Palestine.
The protection of civilians must be implemented in a universal and non-selective manner.
Civilians ought to be equally protected against threats of violence, be it in Homs or in Gaza; in Khandahar or in Timbuktu. And multilateral efforts should comply with International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, including in the context of the fight against terrorism.
Under this heading, Brazil welcomes the announcement by the UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights concerning the launch of an inquiry into the civilian impact, and human rights implications of the use of drones and other forms of targeted killing for the purpose of counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency.
We welcome the increased participation of regional organizations, such as the African Union, in efforts towards mediation and conflict-resolution in coordination with multilateral efforts, in accordance with relevant provisions of the Charter.
But at the same time we must recognize that coordination between the regional and the multilateral has not always been satisfactory and that improved governance will be required to effectively deal with situations of instability in which civilians are placed at risk.
The complexity of the challenges requires inclusiveness in decision-making and in the implementation of decisions. In this respect, a word on the long overdue Security Council reform is also justified.
A more representative and legitimate Security Council can, and in my opinion will, help lead to decisions and strategies that contribute to avoid conflict and protect a greater number of civilians.
Negotiating and building common ground is the fundamental task of this Council. And in this regard, diplomacy is of the essence and should not be equated, as it sometimes is, with lack of resolve.
The phrase “there is no military solution to” is being increasingly used and may reflect the recognition that we are entering a phase of greater openness to dialogue, negotiation, diplomacy – certainly a tendency which Brazil would favor.
Syria certainly comes to mind and Brazil agrees with those who are of the view that there is no military solution to the Syrian crisis and that this Council should firmly and unequivocally rally behind the efforts of Joint Special Envoy Lakhdar Brahimi, on the basis of the Geneva Plan of Action – which clearly opposes “militarization”.
Mr. President,
I believe that, after recent experiences in the use of force for the protection of civilians, the international community can now better appreciate the value of conflict prevention and the peaceful settlement of disputes, including as tools to ensure the safety of those whom it wishes to protect.
My conclusion points to the importance of strategies that protect civilians in situations of conflict through non-military efforts.
First, we see the need for a broader awareness on the importance of dealing with the prevention of conflict by peaceful means, including through the promotion of social and economic development, intensified efforts towards the full implementation of disarmament and non-proliferation commitments, and by seriously confronting crucial challenges such as Israel and Palestine, among others.
Second, in situations where conflicts do break out, we see the urgency of placing more emphasis on diplomacy and dialogue as the primary tools in addressing them.”
* * * * *
Intervenção do Ministro das Relações Exteriores no Debate do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas sobre Proteção de Civis em Conflitos Armados -
“Senhor Presidente,
Felicito a República da Coréia por assumir a presidência do Conselho de Segurança durante o mês de fevereiro.
Agradeço também a Vossa Excelência por convocar este oportuno e importante debate de alto nível sobre a proteção de civis em conflitos armados.
Gostaria de saudar Sua Excelência Louise Mushikiwabo, Ministra dos Negócios Estrangeiros de Ruanda, e Sua Excelência Elmar Mammadyarov, Ministro das Relações Exteriores do Azerbaijão, e agradecer-lhes por sua contribuição para este debate.
Sou igualmente grato ao Secretário-Geral Ban Ki-moon por seu “briefing” muito informativo, bem como à Alta Comissária Navi Pillay e ao Senhor Philip Spoerri, do Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha, por suas observações.
Senhor Presidente,
Ao nos reunirmos para discutir este item fundamental da agenda do Conselho de Segurança, nosso ponto de partida deve ser o reconhecimento de que a situação da proteção de civis é "abismal", tal como indicado pelo Secretário-Geral em seu último relatório.
Civis continuam a ser feridos, deslocados e mortos em grande número e submetidos a todo tipo de dificuldades em muitas partes do mundo.
É nossa responsabilidade coletiva, tanto moral quanto política, enfrentar esta situação e oferecer perspectivas de melhoria a civis que estejam sob riscos reais ou potenciais.
As dificuldades que nos têm impedido de cumprir adequadamente as nossas responsabilidades relativas à proteção de civis não derivam de divergências sobre os fundamentos éticos que estão na base desse conceito.
Elas resultam de divergências que nos impedem de traduzir nossa ética comum em políticas mutuamente acordadas que levarão a resultados coerentes e eficazes.
O uso da força para a proteção de civis destaca-se como tema que divide opiniões, compromete esforços voltados à solução pacífica das controvérsias e nos distancia do tratamento multifacetado dos temas relacionados à proteção.
No que se refere ao uso da força, o Brasil compartilhou com o Conselho de Segurança em 2011 um documento de reflexão sobre "responsabilidade ao proteger".
Em nossa opinião, o recurso à ação militar deve ser sempre uma medida excepcional, tomada depois de esgotados todos os meios pacíficos e apenas mediante a autorização deste Conselho.
Se a força for autorizada, deve ser empregada de forma criteriosa, proporcional e limitada aos objetivos estabelecidos pelo Conselho. É preciso ter cuidado para não agravar uma situação que coloca civis em risco e gerar, involuntariamente, mais violência e instabilidade.
Além disso, o Conselho deve assegurar aos membros da ONU que as ações militares sejam monitoradas e que as resoluções sejam interpretadas e implementadas de modo a garantir o respeito à responsabilidade ao proteger.
Alguns acontecimentos no passado recente nos fazem refletir sobre se a intervenção militar direta ou o apoio a grupos armados levaram a uma melhoria das condições para os civis ou a uma situação de maior instabilidade e violência.
Entretanto, mesmo quando refletimos sobre a experiência passada, podemos facilmente chegar à conclusão de que a maneira mais efetiva de proteger os civis é evitar conflitos armados e, caso esses conflitos surjam, demonstrar compromisso real com a sua resolução por meios pacíficos.
A Carta da ONU constitui a base para que possamos associar a manutenção da paz e segurança à promoção do desenvolvimento sócio-econômico e institucional, bem como ao respeito aos direitos humanos.
Eu tive a oportunidade de destacar esse aspecto no debate realizado sob a presidência brasileira do CSNU, em fevereiro de 2011, sobre a interdependência entre paz, segurança e desenvolvimento.
É possível argumentar que a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, da erradicação da pobreza e da segurança alimentar contribui para a promoção da paz e segurança na medida em que promove um ambiente mais estável para os civis.
É lamentável que o mundo gaste recursos astronômicos no desenvolvimento de armas e na manutenção de elevados orçamentos militares, ao mesmo tempo em que continuamos aquém do cumprimento das metas de Assistência Oficial ao Desenvolvimento, conforme acordado no Consenso de Monterrey de 2002.
Esta situação preocupante foi descrita pelo Secretário-Geral Ban Ki-moon em um impactante artigo publicado em agosto passado. Como disse o Secretário-Geral, o mundo está sobre-armado e a paz está sub-financiada.
Se estamos seriamente comprometidos com a proteção de civis - e se todos concordamos que isso deve ser feito evitando-se, em primeiro lugar, o surgimento de conflitos – devemos buscar reverter essa tendência.
A próxima Conferência sobre o Tratado do Comércio de Armas nos oferece oportunidade de dar um passo significativo e chegar a um acordo sobre regras que ajudarão a poupar os civis das consequências do fluxo desregulado de armas.
No campo do desarmamento e da não-proliferação nuclear, é preciso haver progresso consistente e equilibrado. Não podemos nos dar ao luxo de deixar essa agenda sem uma conclusão. Neste contexto, devo dizer que o Governo brasileiro condena o novo teste nuclear realizado pela República Democrática e Popular da Coréia. Instamos o Governo norte-coreano a cumprir integralmente todas as resoluções do Conselho de Segurança sobre o assunto.
Na mesma linha de abordagem da proteção de civis como forma de evitar conflitos, este Conselho deve assumir plenamente sua responsabilidade com relação à situação daqueles que são vítimas diárias de conflitos prolongados, como o conflito entre Israel e Palestina.
A proteção de civis deve ser implementada de forma universal e não-seletiva.
Os civis devem ser igualmente protegidos contra ameaças de violência, sejam elas em Homs ou em Gaza; em Khandahar ou Timbuktu. Esforços multilaterais devem estar de acordo com os Direitos Humanos e com o Direito Internacional Humanitário, inclusive no contexto da luta contra o terrorismo.
Nesse particular, o Brasil saúda o anúncio feito pelo Relator Especial da ONU sobre Contra-terrorismo e Direitos Humanos a respeito do lançamento de investigações sobre o impacto, para os direitos humanos de civis, do uso de “drones” e outros meios de assassinatos seletivos com objetivos de contra-terrorismo e contra-insurgência.
Acolhemos com satisfação a crescente participação de organizações regionais, como a União Africana, em esforços de mediação e resolução de conflitos, em coordenação com outros esforços multilaterais e de acordo com as disposições da Carta das Nações Unidas.
Mas, ao mesmo tempo, devemos reconhecer que a coordenação entre os níveis regional e multilateral não tem sido sempre satisfatória e que será necessário contar com melhores meios de governança para lidar, de maneira efetiva, com situações de instabilidade em que civis são colocados em risco.
A complexidade dos desafios requer que a tomada e a implementação de decisões seja feita de maneira mais inclusiva. Nesse quadro, justificam-se algumas considerações sobre a reforma, há muito devida, do Conselho de Segurança.
Um Conselho de Segurança mais representativo e legítimo pode, e na minha opinião irá, ajudar a adotar decisões e estratégias para evitar conflitos e proteger um maior número de civis.
Negociar a fim de criar denominadores comuns é a tarefa fundamental deste Conselho. Neste particular, a diplomacia é essencial e não deve ser equiparada, como se faz por vezes, à falta de determinação.
A frase "não há solução militar" está sendo cada vez mais utilizada e pode refletir o reconhecimento de que estamos entrando em uma fase de maior abertura ao diálogo, à negociação, à diplomacia - certamente uma tendência que o Brasil favorece.
O caso da Síria certamente vem à tona. O Brasil concorda com aqueles que são da opinião de que não há solução militar para a crise síria e que este Conselho deverá firme e inequivocamente apoiar os esforços do Enviado Especial Conjunto Lakhdar Brahimi, com base no Plano de Ação de Genebra - o qual claramente se opõe à "militarização".
Senhor Presidente,
Acredito que, após as experiências recentes de uso da força para proteção de civis, a comunidade internacional pode apreciar melhor o valor da prevenção de conflitos e da resolução pacífica de disputas, inclusive como maneira de garantir a segurança daqueles que se deseja proteger.
Minha conclusão aponta para a importância de estratégias que protejam civis em situações de conflito por meio de esforços não-militares.
Primeiro, vemos a necessidade de maior conscientização sobre a importância de lidar com a prevenção de conflitos por meios pacíficos, inclusive por meio da promoção do desenvolvimento sócio-econômico, de esforços redobrados para o pleno cumprimento dos compromissos de desarmamento e não-proliferação, e por meio do enfrentamento de desafios cruciais como o conflito entre Israel e Palestina, entre outros.
Em segundo lugar, em situações onde conflitos eclodirem, vemos a urgência de enfatizar a diplomacia e o diálogo como as principais ferramentas para a sua resolução.
Muito obrigado”
Ni todos los teléfonos son Iguales, ni todos los #externalbatteries #batteries #batería tampoco por eso yo me paso a RAVPower by #simbiosc
HUGO JUNKERS TECHNIK MUSEUM - DESSAU
Aviation Design and Business Innovator of Germany
One of the most familiar airplanes from newsreels of the prewar in Germany and World War II is the corrugated metal tri-motor air transport plane, the Junker Ju52. One of the most successful air designs that began the age of passenger air travel and launched the German airline LuftHansa. One of the few remaining operating examples can be found in Dessau, where the Hugo Junkers Technik Museum occupies a hanger of the once sprawling factory works of Junkers Flugzeug und Motorenwerke AG, where it was first built.
Hugo Junkers was a visionary German engineering innovator and aircraft designer, but he didn’t start out with airplanes. Junkers’ first patent was for a calorimeter to measure heat values for which he was awarded a gold medal at the 1893 World’s Exposition in Chicago. His next patent was for a gas-fired tankless water heater. His work on airplanes began with engines, working on designing the first opposed piston aircraft engine, in 1892, then moving on to other gasoline and diesel fueled engine designs. But it was as an innovator in the all-metal aircraft that Junkers is best known in aviation.
Among the prime examples of his aircraft designs were the Junkers J1 in 1915, the world's first practical all-metal aircraft, which featured a a cantilever wing without external bracing. The Junkers F13, which came following WWI in 1919, was the world's first all-metal passenger aircraft. The Junkers W33 completed the first successful heavier-than-air crossing of the Atlantic Ocean from east to west. The Junkers G38 was a four-engine aircraft which first flew in 1929 and served successfully as commercial transport for a decade up to the war. The Ju52, mainstay of the 1930s and workhorse for transport and the Junkers G 38 called "flying wing" for its unique outline which was mostly the wings without a substantial fuselage.
Although Junkers' planes are closely associated with the German Luftwaffe war effort, the notorious Ju87 Stuka Divebomber and Ju88 twin engine light bomber, and the Junkers factory in Dessau was one of the largest aircraft manufacturing facilities of the war, producing these planes by the thousands, Hugo Junkers himself was long departed. He was vociferously anti-National Socialist, forced out as head of his own company by the Nazis when they demanded ownership of his patents and nationalized his company in 1934. He was arrested when he refused and died just a year later in 1935, on his 76th birthday.
Aside from aircraft, Junkers was an innovator in housing, designing the first all-metal pre-fabrication house. Junkers was also one of the prime sponsors of the Bauhaus movement, and the principal supporter of the design school relocating from Weimar to Dessau. The Junkers designed radiant heating system can still be seen at the Bauhaus Studio a few blocks away from the museum.
The Junkers Technik Museum in Dessau opened in 2001 on the location of the Junkers factory which continued with aviation work though the next decades of the Cold War. The exhibition provides a varied selection of exhibits, documentation on information on Junkers eclectic career, from his first calorie meters to full scale reconstructions of his aircraft. A pristine Ju52 which can be boarded like a passenger was completed for the museum opening and after 10 years of work a Ju13 is now on display, with work on a replica of the world’s first metal aircraft the J1, underway.
Also here are engines, not only from Junkers’ original work, but from the engineers he mentored who went on to innovation in the missile and space race of the 1960s. The metal house that foresaw the movement for prefabrication with its unique system for heat exchange ventilation and occupies one end of the former factory building, while at the other end is spawling model and wall mural map of the Junkers Works factory as it grew to massive scale in the war build up under the Third Reich, eventually making Dessau a prime bombing target of the war. Also look for the marketing advertisement posters of the 1920s when Junkers used his quite attractive daughters as models to promote his business.
Outdoors at the museum are a few more modern aircraft, including a Lufthansa Passenger aircraft of the 1960s and three MIG jets left from the GDR days of East Germany, the remaining runway of the Junkers factory, still used for civil aviation, and the massive pipe machinery of the original testing wind tunnel, another Junkers innovation.
Detail of the exterior of Tom Denny's superb Holy Spirit Window at St Peter's Church, Ipsley, Redditch.
This detail, whilst giving away little of the internal appearance of the glass, does at least convey some sense of the multi-layered nature of this window;
Most of the window is exceuted using 'flashed glass', where the colour is only present in a thin outer layer (normally the colour permeates the entire thickness of the glass) which can be selectively removed (usually with acid) to give isolated pockets of colour on a clear/white ground.(this is most commonly used for heraldic details)
If two seperate pieces of different colur are treated this way, and then overlapped and plated when leaded together it is possible to create a third colour from this effect (red+blue=purple etc) in addition to white which gives a variety of hues contained in (what appears to be) a single leaded piece of glass where one colour would be the norm. When covered with heavily painted detail the elements visually blend perfectly within.
This technique is used brilliant by Tom Denny in works such as this; it was lperhaps most famously used in the work of the great early 20th century stained glass artists, such as Karl Parsons and Henry Payne in England and Harry Clarke and Michael Healy in Ireland.
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