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Excursion weekend A.DAY.19 Mechelen, Belgium
Initiative & organization: AMD-ABITARE / Ann Maes & Marleen Bruurs
Program Sunday, 6 October 2019
10.30 welcome to Kazerne Dossin, Museum and Research Center on Holocaust and Human Rights
Veerle Vanden Daelen and tour with Geert Driesen and Ilse Van Berendoncks (awg architects)
11.30 along execution wall and Tinel garden with historical explanation
reflect on projects on the Tinel site by Dirk Somers (Bovenbouw)
"Execution of Justice" by Emily Mann (U of M Alumna 1976), directed by Dominic Taylor. Performed April 16 - 24, 2010 in Rarig Center's Proscenium Theatre.
Photos by Cody Baldwin
The idea was great. The execution.....fail! lol
Maybe not a complete failure, because I think these four shots of Alma came out lovely. I wanted snow falling but it was too windy and Alma and I are both frozen! lol
At least Papa didn't make her go out without a wrap. I bought red ribbon at Hallmark and think it made a simple and chic wrap for her.
Wearing another winning Creation from House of Pinku Couture, called "Baby Jane Hudson"
Who wouldn't love a dress with a name like that? Love you Julie!
<3
The Execution of Admiral Byng, 14 March 1757.
"A painting showing the execution of Admiral the Hon. John Byng by firing squad, on the quarterdeck of his former flagship, 'Monarch', at Portsmouth, after he was found guilty by court-martial of failing to do his utmost in preventing the French capture of Minorca in 1756, at the start of the Seven Years War.
Byng had been ordered to sail from England to Gibraltar with ten ships to land reinforcements for the garrison there. He was then to pursue the French fleet, which he learnt had sailed from Toulon under the command of the Duc de Richelieu and had captured Minorca, an important British-held island at the time. The French had taken the whole island with the exception of the fortress and castle of St. Philip where the British commandant, General Blakeney, and a small force were besieged. When Byng informed the Lords of the Admiralty of this he also criticized the wretched condition of the ships under his command, the neglected state of the magazines and storehouses at Gibraltar, and the general lack of facilities to refit the fleet for serious action.
Byng's subsequent engagement with Richelieu was inconclusive, as many such events of the time were for various unexceptional reasons. However, he compounded initial failure by accepting the subsequent opinion of a council of war of his commanders, that nothing further could be attempted given the state of the fleet. This left the French to secure the surrender of Blakeney's force and their hold on the island. The result was Byng's arrest and imprisonment at Greenwich Hospital prior to a month-long trial at Portsmouth in which, in effect, he was made a scapegoat for government failure to send out a force adequate to the task, and under a more experienced fighting commander. Contemporary accounts reveal that he bore the trial and sentence with great fortitude. It took place on board the 'St George' under the presidency of Commodore Thomas Smith (1707-62) who on 27 January 1757, and as required by the Articles of War, pronounced sentence on him after he was he was found guilty of neglect of duty for not doing his utmost to take, sink, burn and destroy the enemy ships. The court none the less made a strong recommendation for clemency on the grounds of Byng's personal courage in the action but George II refused to grant it. On Monday, 14 March 1757, all the men-of-war at Spithead were ordered to send their boats with the captains and all the officers of each ship, accompanied with a party of marines under arms, to attend Byng's execution on the 'Monarch'. As a result there was a prodigious number of other boats round the ship, although the painting gives no indication of this.
The scene is viewed from the break of the quarterdeck, aft to the coach and mizzen mast, but with no sign of the wheel. To the left of the mast the firing party of nine marines is drawn up in three lines. The first is shown on one knee and firing, the second is standing and firing, and the third has muskets grounded. A halberdier stands behind them. Their officer is in the left foreground, his hat under his left arm, with his back to the viewer. To his left is a group of senior officers and officials. In the background, behind the firing party, is a row of what appear to be junior officers.
To the right of the mast Admiral Byng is shown in full-dress uniform, blindfolded and kneeling on a cushion, facing the firing party. He had wanted to have his face uncovered but his friends felt eye contact might intimidate the marines and prevent them from taking aim properly. He allegedly threw his hat on the deck, knelt on a cushion, tied one white handkerchief over his eyes and dropped the other as a signal for his executioners, who fired a volley. In the painting he has just dropped the handkerchief from his right hand as the signal to fire. In the right foreground a man facing away from the viewer holds a scroll that is probably the execution order. On the right two of the admiral's supporters are shown in tears. One is thought to be George Lawrence, Byng's secretary, to whom he had just given his watch.
A contemporary engraving by Bowles shows a similar scene, although Byng is not in uniform. The origin of the painting is unclear and although it is traditionally thought to be the original from which the engraving was taken, it is in fact more likely that the painting was made from the engraving, since contemporary accounts state that Byng wore a light grey coat at his execution. The episode provoked the French writer Voltaire's famous remark, in his novel 'Candide', that in England 'it is thought good to kill an admiral from time to time to encourage the others'. Scarcely less memorable, if less known, is the bald line in the Master of the 'Monarch's' log recording the execution: 'at 12 Mr Byng was shot dead by 6 Marines and put into his coffin'. To that extent at least the painting seems accurately to reflect the facts. An unnamed seaman, who attended Byng at his execution and testified (as did others) to the bravery with which he met his fate, was still alive as a Greenwich Pensioner as late as 1835."
collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/11872.html
"14th March 1757 Admiral Sir John Byng is executed following a court Martial that found him guilty of "Failing to do his upmost"
Byng had been sent to relieve the Island of Minorca in April 1756 which was under attack by the French. He noted to the Admiralty that he had been given neither the time nor money to prepare properly and that his fleet was not in the best of condition and short handed.
He managed to get his ships fully crewed before leaving for Gibraltar. Here the governor refused to reinforce Byngs squadron and he was also forced to land his Marines to take on board the soldiers required to relieve the garrison on Minorca.
He arrived off Minorca on the 19th May and attempted to contact the Garrison. On the 20th he fought and inconclusive action with the French and 4 days later decided after a council of war to return to Gibraltar concluding that the Island was already lost to the French. Whilst at Gibraltar he was summoned back to England where he was placed in custody awaiting Court Martial.
The Garrison on Minorca held out until the 29th June.
The Court Martial commenced on 28th December and concluded 4 weeks later on the 27th January. Whilst cleared of Cowardice Byng was found guilty of failing to do his upmost to relieve the Island of Minorca.
He was convicted under the articles of War (A set of regulations drawn up to govern the conduct of a Britain's military in the wake of the Glorious Revolution) which had been altered 10 years before following the execution of Lieutenant Baker Philips.
Philips had been found guilt following the loss of his ship HMS Anglesea. Though it was clear the the Capt and other senior officers were more culpable they had all been killed at the outset of the battle leaving Philips in Command. The Court Martial whilst finding him guilty asked for clemency due to his age and inexperience. This was not given but the fall out was to effect Byng 10 years later.
It was believed that had Philips been a Capt or more senior officer he would not have been executed. Therefore the Articles of War were amended to become one law for all, the death penalty for any officer of any rank who did not do his utmost against the enemy in battle or pursuit.
Thus on the 27th Jan 1757 once the court determined that Byng had "failed to do his utmost", it had no discretion over punishment under the Articles of War. In accordance with those Articles the court condemned Byng to death, but unanimously recommended that the Lords of the Admiralty ask King George II to exercise his royal prerogative of mercy. This the king refused and also when the 1st Sea Lord approached him he turned down the request for clemency again.
There were several other attempts but these were all turned down so that on the 14th May 1757 aboard HMS Monarch Byng was executed by firing squad on the quarterdeck in the presence of all hands and men from other ships of the fleet in boats surrounding HMS Monarch. The admiral knelt on a cushion and signified his readiness by dropping his handkerchief, whereupon a squad of Royal Marines shot him dead.
The fall out from Byngs execution, with many in Parliament believing the Admiralty where, just as much at fault for the loss at Minorca, due to the poor manning and repair of the fleet, would rumble, on but Byng would remain the only Admiral to be executed.
22 years later the Articles of War were changed again with an alternative to execution being, to allow "such other punishment as the nature and degree of the offence shall be found to deserve"
In 2007, some of Byng's descendants petitioned the government for a posthumous pardon. The Ministry of Defence refused.
Members of his family to this day continue to seek a pardon.
Byng's execution has been called "the worst legalistic crime in the nation's annals". However some believe that it indirectly lead to future Naval Officers being far more tenacious and aggressive and giving the Royal Navy that edge which lead to 200 years of Naval Dominance.
Naval historian N. A. M. Rodger sums up the influence it had on the behaviour of later naval officers stating
"a culture of aggressive determination which set British officers apart from their foreign contemporaries, and which in time gave them a steadily mounting psychological ascendancy. More and more in the course of the century, and for long afterwards, British officers encountered opponents who expected to be attacked, and more than half expected to be beaten, so that the latter went into action with an invisible disadvantage which no amount of personal courage or numerical strength could entirely make up for." Jeff Hancock
There are several reasons behind the increasing demand for the warehouse execution software in the market. It is proving to be a highly beneficial solution in driving higher efficiency, productivity, and throughputs within the facility.
In 1897, an original photograph of Rizal’s execution, very sharp and in fairly good condition, was found in a flea market in Pennsylvania, USA. Its discovery was an important find for Philippine historical photography, even though similar photographic illustrations have appeared in out-of-print books and several other photographs of the execution are reported to exist.
This particular photograph was taken only seconds before Rizal was shot and the crowd shouted “Viva España” and lingered a while to make sure the subversive was truly dead. For the viewer a hundred years, even a thousand years hence, the photograph suspends the impending death. Rizal is a diminutive figure accentuated by his black suit and bowler hat. He is facing the bay, his arms bound to his back. A row of light posts traces an imaginary line separating him from rows of soldiers; those on the first row have their rifles raised and aimed at him. There are two robed priests and a dog near the executioners. In the foreground, at the very center of the photograph, stands a tall, thin tree with no leaves or branches, apparently dead.
"Execution of Justice" by Emily Mann (U of M Alumna 1976), directed by Dominic Taylor. Performed April 16 - 24, 2010 in Rarig Center's Proscenium Theatre.
Photos by Cody Baldwin
The Cathedral of Saint Catherine of Alexandria.
Catherine of Alexandria is said to have lived in the 4th century and was ordered for execution by a roman emperor for trying to convert him to christianity.
Execution platform in Alanya's innermost castle walls. The executed person bounces down the rocks for 700 feet before landing in the turquoise sea. When I stepped on to the platform a sudden gust of wind almost pushed me over the edge, but some instinct made me reach behind me and grab the stair railing. Recently a railing has been placed around the platform. When I left the castle I noticed the wind had blown over the castle's sign. Examining the uprooted posts that supported the sign I determined that it had been standing for years. A04 Close_to_the_Edge
TINGLADOS
In 1911, construction began on the Port of Valencia’s warehouses. The plans were already prepared and had been awaiting execution since 1895 due to a lack of funding and differences of opinion. Once started, construction was completed in 1912. At that time, the Chief Engineer of the Port of Valencia was José María Fuster, who was overseeing the construction of the warehouses, although the author and driving force behind the project was the engineer Federico G. de Membrillera, deputy director of the Port of Valencia at that time.
The construction of the metal parts of the deposits numbered 1, 4, 5 and 6 was awarded to Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima, while numbers 2 and 3 were built by Material para Ferrocarriles y Construcciones, both manufacturers from Barcelona.
Although engineers demanded that adornment should be paramount, the lack of budget at that time meant that the project was simplified and carried out without the structures in the design plans. Despite this, the modernist decor stands out with reliefs alluding to trade and navigation and polychrome ceramic mosaics featuring traditional Valencian themes such as oranges, grapes and other fruits.
The six warehouses commissioned by the Port of Valencia were built due to the continued increase in freight traffic. They were designed to save and store the unloaded materials, mainly vegetables and grain, sheltering them from the cold and damp conditions.
Today, just Warehouse 2, located next to the Clock Building, and Warehouses 4 and 5, behind the South Bases, are still standing.
The Warehouses are now the ideal setting to host events in a space which is covered but still outdoors, where guests can enjoy the aroma of the sea just a few metres away. Proof of this are the various entertainment events, exhibitions and cultural and sporting events that take place regularly in these premises, such as the Festivity of the Virgin of Carmen, the Tapas Fair and concerts and dance shows during the July Fair.
Execution- We are measured based on our results. We set goals, make plans to accomplish these goals, execute these plans, follow up, and give recognition for timely accomplishments. We are accountable for our performance and brainstorm how to better achieve these goals #CydcorKOM #BehaviorsWeValue ift.tt/1XNzCWT