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Galgen der Burg Jörgenberg - Munt sogn Gieri ( forca gibet gallows Richtstätte Richtplatz lieu d'exécution luogo di esecuzione place of execution ) ob Waltensburg in der Surselva im Kanton Graubünden - Grischun der Schweiz
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Ausflug nach W.altensb.urg am Mittwoch den 16. Oktober 2013
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Ü.bernachtung in R.häzüns
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Mit dem A.uto von R.häzüns nach F.alera
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Besuch des M.egalithena.nlage P.arc la M.utta
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Mit dem A.uto weiter nach W.altensb.urg
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Besuch der K.irche W.altensb.urg und der R.uine K.ropfens.tein
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Mit dem A.uto über B.reil zurück nach R.häzüns
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Hurni131016 AlbumZZZZ131016Ausfl.ugF.aleraW.altensb.urg KantonGraubünden KantonGrischun AlbumGraubünden
E - Mail : chrigu.hurni@bluemail.ch
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Letzte Aktualisierung - Ergänzung des Textes : 131223
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NIF
This memorial takes the form of a glass pillow resting on a polished glass disk. It is intended to remember all those who were executed near this spot, with particular reference to the seven famous figures who were beheaded here and three army deserters shot by firing squad. Around the disk are the words--
Close to this site were executed:
William, Lord Hastings 1483
Queen Anne Boleyn 1536
Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury 1541
Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford 1542
Queen Katherine Howard 1542
Lady Jane Grey 1554
Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex 1601
Highlander Farquhar Shaw 19 July 1743
Highlander Samuel Macpherson 19 July 1743
Highlander Malcolm Macpherson 19 July 1743
Execution of Mary Queen of Scot's painted 1867 by Robert Herdman (1829-1888).
8th February 1587 After 19 years imprisonment, Mary Queen of Scots was beheaded for treason at Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire. She had been implicated in the Babington Plot to murder her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I.
"Mary Queen of Scots was a popular subject for Victorian painters. In this painting Scottish artist Robert Herdman deliberately glamorised the event of the Queen’s execution on 8 February 1587 at Fotheringay Castle, Northamptonshire. Mary was 44 years old and long imprisonment had left her physically frail and aged. However, Herdman shows her looking elegant and beautiful, wearing a black velvet and satin robe with a white crape veil and Italian ruff, holding a crucifix, a rosary attached to her girdle. Herdman gives us a glimpse of Mary’s red petticoat, symbolising her martyrdom to the Catholic faith. He paints her approaching the emissaries of Queen Elizabeth I and the executioner's block. Light from a window dramatically falls on her face, making her appear a saintly figure, an innocent victim. The two ladies at the foot of the stage are her attendants Elizabeth Curle and Jane Kennedy, the man between them is Sir Andrew Melville, Master of Mary’s household. It is thought that the three men to the right of the painting are the Earls of Shrewsbury and Kent and Sheriff Thomas Andrew. The executioner, which one contemporary commentator described as ‘preposterously tall’, is seen from behind, stands with the axe resting on the floor behind him; in the immediate foreground of the painting, it adds further drama and tension to the scene, as does the coffin on the floor to the right.
Since the 16th century there has been a public fascination with the story of the ill-fated Queen of Scots. There has been much debate about her marriages and intrigues, the murders of her husband Lord Darnley and her Italian secretary David Riccio and the extent to which she was powerful political player or innocent victim. She has inspired poetry, prose, theatre, opera and popular song. In 1800 the German poet and philosopher Friedrich Schiller produced a play on her. In the Victorian period Mary became particularly romanticised as a tragic heroine, this reinforced by the novels of Sir Walter Scott, which had immense popularity; The Abbott (1820) focuses on the Queen's imprisonment at Loch Leven Castle in 1567, her escape, defeat and flight to England.
This painting was actually an illustration to a poem by Henry Glassford Bell, Sheriff of Lanarkshire:
‘[…] Beside the
block a sullen headsman stood,
And gleamed the broad axe in his
hand, that soon must drip with blood.
With slow and steady step there came
a lady through the hall,
And breathless silence chained the
lips, and touched the hearts of all;
Rich were the sable robes she wore,
her white veil round her fell,
And from her neck there hung the
cross, that cross she loved so well!’
The painting was commissioned by the Glasgow Art Union, along with three other paintings by Herdman depicting aspects of the life of Mary Queen of Scots (The Convent Garden; The Farewell to France; The Abdication Signed; The End - Fotheringay). These paintings were presented to James Blaikie of Glasgow in 1868 in the Glasgow Art Union’s annual draw, the Lord Provost commenting that the later than normal draw for prizes was caused by ‘Mr Herdman not giving in his pictures early enough’ (Glasgow Herald(, 19 August 1868). However, the paintings proved popular and were shown in key northern cities that year: Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee, Aberdeen, Manchester and Liverpool, to critical acclaim. They were photographed by Thomas Annan and bound with Sheriff Bell’s poem in a special edition. This painting, which went through the hands of various owners, was bequeathed to the museum by Adam Teacher, one of Teacher’s Whisky family, in 1898. Bequeathed by Adam Teacher, 1898. Robert Herdman
(1829 - 1888) The youngest of a parish minister’s four sons, Herdman attended the parish school in Rattray until 1838 when his father died and the family moved to St Andrews. Aged 15, Herdman went to St Andrews University with the intention of becoming a minister like his father. Painting soon became a dominant interest and in 1847, he went to Edinburgh and enrolled at the Trustees’ Academy where he was taught by Robert Scott Lauder.
Lauder’s influence on Herdman was considerable. More than any other of Lauder’s famous students, Herdman remained faithful to his teacher’s values throughout his career. Herdman was a regular recipient of prizes at the Academy for drawing and painting from the life model. In 1853 he was selected by the Trustees Academy to go to Italy to paint watercolour copies of works by the Italian masters.
Herman completed his training by spending a year in Italy (1855-56) where he studied a variety of sources, ranging from Masaccio and Filippino Lippi, through to Raphael and Tintoretto. On his return to Scotland, Herdman became a regular exhibitor at the Royal Academy in London and at the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh. He became an associate of the latter in 1858 and a full academician in 1863.
He became well known as a portraitist, genre and historical narrative painter, often painting subjects from Scottish history. These were observed through a romantic lens, influenced by Walter Scott, whose works Herdman illustrated for engraving purposes, commissioned by the Royal Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in Scotland. His paintings are not historically accurate or intellectual, but tend towards the dreamy and emotional, with a painterly interest in colour." Glasgow collections website.
Another 4 executions by puppet administration in Iran through last two days.
They prove not only their unfaithfulness to the
god but also they believe in Darkness.
Where danish members of the resistance where executed by the german soldiers and gestapo during WW2 and the occupation of Denmark april 9 th 1940 - may 5th 1945.
Notice the poles have been shot through in chest height. A white cloth was fastend to the chest of the person/persons, so the shooters had no problem aiming for the heart.
A banner to commemerate Anne Boleyn's death this scene was soooo sad - seriously as I say to my freinds the beheadings get to me, I've cried in all of them except Dereham's and Culpepper's theirs was just way to gruesome to watch and the shock at what I was watching took over and I didn't cry. Natalie captivated this woman like no other actress.
A TUESDAY, APRIL 15, 2014 PHOTO PROVIDED BY ISNA, A SEMI-OFFICIAL NEWS AGENCY This picture provided by ISNA, a semi-official news agency, taken on Tuesday, April 15, 2014 shows Maryam Hosseinzadeh, right, and her husband Abdolghani, left, removing the noose from the neck of blindfolded Bilal who was convicted of murdering their son Abdollah in the northern city of Nour, Iran. Bilal who was convicted of killing Abdollah Hosseinzadeh, was pardoned by the victim's family moments before being executed. (AP Photo/ISNA, Arash Khamoushi)
Photographer unknown: Execution in Old Shanghai, September 1904. Major criminals were sometimes left to die publicly as an example to the innocent. A “cage” was constructed so that the inmate could either stand on tiptoe to relieve the pressure around his neck or finally suspend himself until he strangled.
Source: The Face of China As Seen by Photographers & Travelers 1860-1912, p. 89
Execution Rocks Lighthouse
National Lighthouse Museum
Signature "Halloween" Tour
Out of Staten Island, NY
October 30, 2021
Execution on the Old Town Square 21. 6. 1621
23-06-2001 | Olaf Barth, Katrin Bock
Olaf Barth and Katrin Bock now take a look at the events that took place on the Old Town Square 380 years ago.
Execution on the Old Town Square 21. 6. 1621
If you have ever been to Prague, you may have noticed the 27 crosses which have been embedded into the pavement at the foot of the Old Town Town Hall. Perhaps you have wondered about their origin. Well, in the following minutes you will learn more about the context of these crosses. First of all, listen to the Czech writer Alois Jirasek portraying the events at the end of the 19th century in one of his stories:
"In the night of 20 to 21 June 1621, fear and grief prevailed everywhere in Prague, and the roads had become like deserted, for on Prague restrictions had been imposed. Only the clash of the weapons and the heavy steps of foreign soldiers broke through the oppressive silence. On the Old Town Square there was a lot of activity, and boards and beams were unloaded from wagons and carried to the middle of the place, where a scaffold grew by the flickering light of numerous torches. By daybreak a gallows covered with red cloth was towering. At sunrise fulminated a cannon cracker showing that the execution had to begin. On the scaffold dark hooded people were visible, the assistents of the executioner and the gravedigger. Finally, the executioner, Jan Mydláø, also appeared. Immediately the imperial judges took their seats, and the names of the twenty-seven death-condemned noblemen were exclaimed. While foreign soldiers were drumming in the streets of Prague, in the houses people of Prague prayed for their faithful, the 27 men who were either beheaded or hanged at the same time. It is reported that once a year, always in the night from the 20th to the 21st of June, the noblemen and citizens appear on the Old Town Square. Silently they walk over the square to the church, where, kneeling before the altar, they receive the Last Supper in both forms. And as silently as they have come they disappear again."
The Hradschin 1618, in the year of the window-lintel (contemporary engraving)
So far the Czech writer Alois Jirasek about the events of that night 380 years ago, when the leaders of the insurrection of the Estates against the Catholic Habsburgs were judged. 27 nobles, gentlemen and citizens, Czechs and Germans, Protestants and a Catholic then left their lives. They were punished for having joined an uprising against the legal Habsburg emperor which had a religious background, for the Emperor had previously tried to restrict the freedom of religion which had been in force in the Bohemian lands since the middle of the fifteenth century. The revolt had begun on May 23, 1618, with the famous Prague defenestration, and ended with the battle Battle of White Mountain in November 1620, for the Czechs still today a national trauma. In that battle before the gates of Prague the army of the Catholic Habsburgs the Protestant Estates had utterly vanquished. What followed was a relentless persecution of all insurgents, regardless of their social position or nationality. Emperor Ferdinand II used his military victory to strengthen his position in the rebellious Bohemian lands, to suppress the Protestant faith and to break the power of the Estates once and for all.
Procession on the White Mountains (Josef Berka and A. Gustav, around 1800)
All persons who had somehow participated in the uprising of the Estates were punished. The worst punishment experienced three lords, seven knights and 17 citizens, who were executed in the early morning hours of June 21, 1621 on the Old Town Square. The execution took place conforming to the etiquette: first came the lords, then the knights, and finally the citizens. It is said the bloodthirsty torture to have lasted for four hours, while the executioner Jan Mydlar in the proces was to have beaten blunt four swords.
Joachim Andreas Graf Schlick was the first to be beheaded, whose family had grown rich thanks to the silver mines in the west Bohemian Jáchymov valley. Count Schlick had worked for many years at the Saxon court as an educator of the future ruler Johann Georg. During the Bohemian uprising of the Estates, Schlick had been quite active. Among other things, he was one of the participants of the famous 1618 defenestration. Next came Vaclav Budova from Budovec. Since the beginning of the 17th century, he had been strongly committed to the observance of the freedom of belief in the Bohemian lands and had been one of the spokesmen of the insurgents. As the third nobleman, Krystof Harant of Polzice and Bezdruzice lost his head. He had been court musician and companion of Rudolf at the court of Emperor Rudolf II. He was not very interested in politics, but he had been one of the military leaders of the insurgents, which now cost him his head. All three of them, without any doubt, belonged to the intellectual elite of the country, all three of them had been to many places, were well-educated, spoke several languages, and were Protestants.
Among the 7 knights was also the Catholic Divis Cernin of Chudenice. This one had made the fatal mistake of opening the gates of the castle to the representatives of the Estates on the 23rd of May, 1618, who then threw the three representatives of the Habsburg power out of a window in protest against the restriction of the rights of the Protestants.
Jan Jesensky
Jan Jessenius, the rector of the Charles University of Prague, was one of those who got the severest judgement. He was not only beheaded, his tongue had been cut off before, additionally he was also quartered after the execution. Emperor Ferdinand had expressed himself personally for this harsh judgment. The internationally respected scholar, who had carried out the first public autopsy in Prague in 1600, had aroused the wrath of the ruler as he had himself pronounced against the election of Ferdinand for the King of Bohemia as well as published a series of harsh writings against the Habsburgs.
The heads of twelve executed were hanged in iron baskets for deterrence and warning at the Old Town Bridge Tower. From there they were removed only 10 years later, when the Saxons 1631 occupied Prague for a short time.
Ferdinand II.
Emperor Ferdinand II took advantage of the victory over the rebellious Protestant estates, which had dethroned him, the legitimate heir, and elected another one, the "Winter King", Frederick of the Palatinate. 166 nobles Ferdinand had completely dispossessed, another 500 lost a large part of their estates. On the other hand, his faithful were rewarded. Those were given great lands in the Bohemian lands. In addition, monasteries were returned lands that they had lost during the Hussite wars in the 15th century.
The greatest winners were probably Albrecht von Waldstein, Karl von Liechtenstein, and Johann Ulrich von Eggenberg, who were now able to call great domains their own. But also other noble families then settled in the Bohemian lands, like the Trauttmansdorff, Thun, Metternich and Clary families.
Even ordinary citizens and peasants were affected: those who did not convert to the Catholic faith had to leave the country. In 1624 the Catholic faith became the only one recognized in the Bohemian lands - more and more subjects saw themselves forced to emigrate. Some 150,000 people are said to have left the Bohemian lands for religious reasons in the years after the defeat of the Protestant Estates. The probably most famous emigrant of that time is Jan Amos Komensky - Comenius. The pedagogue and bishop of the Unity of the Brotherhood settled down after a few journeys in Holland, where he died in 1670 at the age of 78.
Even in the eyes of most of today's Czechs, the "time of darkness" began with the defeat of the Protestant estates in the Battle of Weissenberg. As such, the almost 300 years of the unrestricted rule of the Habsburgs over the Bohemian countries were designated, which ended only with the independence of Czechoslovakia in 1918. The formerly proud kingdom of Bohemia had been degrated to a Habsburg province according to the new regional order of 1627, and had lost most of its rights, including the freedom of faith for which its inhabitants had fought since the death for heresy of Jan Hus in 1415. Today, not only the 27 crosses embedded on the Old Town Square, but also all the magnificent Baroque buildings in the country, are reminiscent of this historic epoch. With these the Catholic Habsburgs showed their Bohemian and Moravian subjects who is the boss in the country.
And so we are already at the end of our trip into the 17th century.
Hinrichtung auf dem Altstädter Ring 21. 6. 1621
23-06-2001 | Olaf Barth, Katrin Bock
Olaf Barth und Katrin Bock werfen heute einen Blick auf die Geschehnisse, die sich vor 380 Jahren auf dem Altstädter Ring ereigneten.
Hinrichtung auf dem Altstädter Ring 21. 6. 1621
Wer von Ihnen schon mal in Prag war, dem sind sie vielleicht aufgefallen, die 27 in das Pflaster eingelassenen Kreuze zu Füssen des Altstädter Rathausturmes. Vielleicht haben Sie sich über deren Ursprung gewundert. Nun in den folgenden Minuten erfahren Sie mehr über die Bewandtnis dieser Kreuze. Hören Sie zunächst einmal, wie der tschechische Schriftsteller Alois Jirasek die entsprechenden Ereignisse Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in einer seiner Geschichten schilderte:
"In der Nacht vom 20. auf den 21. Juni 1621 herrschte überall in Prag Angst und Trauer. Die Strassen waren wie ausgestorben, denn über Prag war Ausgangsverbot verhängt worden. Nur das Klirren der Waffen und schwere Schritte fremder Soldaten durchbrachen die bedrückende Stille. Auf dem Altstädter Ring herrschte reger Betrieb. Bretter und Balken wurden von Wagen abgeladen und zur Platzmitte getragen, wo beim flackernden Licht zahlreicher Fackeln ein Gerüst wuchs. Als es zu dämmern begann, ragte da ein mit rotem Stoff überzogener Galgen empor. Beim Sonnenaufgang donnerte von der Prager Burg ein Kanonenschlag. Ein Zeichen dafür, dass die Exekution beginne. Auf dem Galgengerüst waren dunkle vermummte Gestalten zu sehen - die Henkershelfer und der Totengräber. Schliesslich erschien auch der Henker Jan Mydláø. Alsbald nahmen die kaiserlichen Richter ihre Sitze ein, und die Namen der 27 zum Tode verurteilten Standesherren wurden ausgerufen. Während in den Strassen Prags fremde Soldaten trommelten, beteten in den Häusern die Prager für ihre Getreuen, die 27 Herren, die zur selben Zeit geköpft oder gehängt wurden. Es wird berichtet, dass die hingerichteten Adeligen und Bürger einmal im Jahr, immer in der Nacht vom 20. auf den 21. Juni, auf dem Altstädter Ring erscheinen. Schweigend gehen sie über den Platz zur Kirche, wo sie, vor dem Altar knieend, das Abendmahl in beiderlei Gestalt empfangen. Und so lautlos wie sie gekommen verschwinden sie wieder."
Der Hradschin 1618, im Jahre des Fenstersturzes (Zeitgenössiger Stich)
Soweit der tschechische Schriftsteller Alois Jirasek über die Ereignisse jener Nacht vor 380 Jahren, als die Anführer des Ständeaufstandes gegen die katholischen Habsburger gerichtet wurden. 27 Adelige, Herren und Bürger, Tschechen und Deutsche, Protestanten und ein Katholik liessen damals ihr Leben. Bestraft wurden sie dafür, dass sie sich einem Aufstand gegen den rechtmässigen Habsburger Kaiser angeschlossen hatten, der einen religiösen Hintergrund hatte, denn der Kaiser hatte zuvor versucht, die seit Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts in den Böhmischen Ländern geltende Religionsfreiheit einzuschränken. Der Aufstand hatte am 23. Mai 1618 mit dem berühmten Prager Fenstersturz begonnen und mit der für Tschechen noch heute ein nationales Trauma darstellenden Schlacht am Weissen Berg im November 1620 geendet. In jener Schlacht vor den Toren Prags hatte das Heer der katholischen Habsburger die protestantischen Stände vernichtend geschlagen. Was folgte war eine unbarmherzige Verfolgung aller Aufständischen, ungeachtet ihrer gesellschaftlichen Stellung oder Nationalität. Kaiser Ferdinand II. nutzte seinen militärischen Sieg, um seine Stellung in den aufständischen Böhmischen Ländern zu stärken, den protestantischen Glauben zurückzudrängen und die Macht der Stände ein für alle mal zu brechen.
Prozession am Weißen Berge (Josef Berka und A. Gustav, um 1800)
Alle Personen, die irgendwie an dem Ständeaufstand beteiligt gewesen waren, wurden bestraft. Am schlimmsten traf es dabei drei Herren, sieben Ritter und 17 Bürger, die in den frühen Morgenstunden des 21. Junis 1621 auf dem Altstädter Ring hingerichtet wurden. Bei der Hinrichtung wurde die Etike gewahrt: zuerst waren die Herren dran, dann die Ritter und schliesslich die Bürger. Vier Stunden lang soll die blutige Tortur gedauert haben, vier Schwerter soll der Henker Jan Mydlar dabei stumpf geschlagen haben.
Als erster wurde Joachim Andreas Graf Schlick geköpft, dessen Familie dank der Silberminen im westböhmischen Joachimsthal reich geworden war. Graf Schlick hatte jahrelang am sächsischen Hof als Erzieher des zukünftigen Herrschers Johann Georg gewirkt. Während des böhmischen Ständeaufstands war Schlick recht aktiv gewesen, unter anderem gehörte er zu den Teilnehmern des berühmten Fenstersturzes von 1618. Als nächstes kam Vaclav Budova von Budovec an die Reihe. Dieser hatte sich seit dem Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts stark für die Einhaltung der Glaubensfreiheit in den Böhmischen Ländern eingesetzt und war einer der Wortführer der Aufständischen gewesen. Als dritter hochgestellter Adeliger verlor Krystof Harant von Polzice und Bezdruzice seinen Kopf. Dieser war am Hofe Kaiser Rudolfs II. Hofmusikant und Gesellschafter Rudolfs gewesen. Für Politik interessierte er sich nicht sehr, doch war er einer der Heerführer der Aufständischen gewesen, das kostete ihn nun seinen Kopf. Alle drei Herren gehörten ohne Zweifel zur geistigen Elite des Landes, alle drei waren weitgereist, hervorragend gebildet, sprachen mehrere Sprachen - und waren Protestanten.
Unter den 7 Rittern war auch der Katholik Divis Cernin von Chudenice. Dieser hatte den verhängnisvollen Fehler gemacht, am 23. Mai 1618 den Repräsentanten der Stände die Burgtore geöffnet zu haben, die dann die drei Vertreter der Habsburger Macht aus Protest gegen die Einschränkung der Rechte der Protestanten aus einem Fenster warfen.
Jan Jesensky
Eines der härtesten Urteile traf Jan Jessenius, den Rektor der Prager Karlsuniversität, der als 16. an die Reihe kam: er wurde nicht nur geköpft, zuvor wurde ihm die Zunge abgeschnitten, ausserdem wurde er nach der Hinrichtung noch geviertelt. Für dieses harte Urteil hatte sich Kaiser Ferdinand persönlich ausgesprochen. Der international angesehene Gelehrte, der 1600 in Prag die erste öffentliche Obduktion durchgeführt hatte, hatte den Zorn des Herrschers erregt, da er sich auf verschiedenen Landtagen gegen die Wahl Ferdinands zum böhmischen König ausgesprochen sowie eine Reihe von scharfen Schriften gegen die Habsburger veröffentlicht hatte.
Die Köpfe von zwölf Hingerichteten wurden in Eisenkörben zur Abschreckung und Warnung an den Altstädter Brückenturm gehängt. Von dort wurden sie erst 10 Jahre später entfernt, als die Sachsen 1631 Prag für kurze Zeit besetzten.
Ferdinand II.
Kaiser Ferdinand II. nutzte seinen Sieg über die aufständischen protestantischen Stände, die ihn, den rechtmässigen Erben, entthront hatten und einen anderen, den "Winterkönig" Friedrich von der Pfalz, gewählt hatten. 166 Adelige liess Ferdinand vollkommen enteignen, weitere 500 verloren einen Grossteil ihrer Güter. Belohnt wurden dagegen seine Getreuen. Diese erhielten grosse Ländereien in den Böhmischen Ländern. Ausserdem bekamen Klöster Ländereien zurück, die sie zur Zeit der Hussitenkriege im 15. Jahrhundert verloren hatten.
Die grössten Gewinner waren wohl Albrecht von Waldstein, Karl von Liechtenstein sowie Johann Ulrich von Eggenberg, die nun grosse Herrschaften ihr Eigen nennen konnten. Aber auch andere Adelsdfamilien setzten damals in den Böhmischen Ländern ihren Fuss, wie die Familien Trauttmansdorff, Thun, Metternich und Clary.
Auch einfache Bürger und Bauern waren betroffen: wer nicht zum katholischen Glauben übertrat, musste das Land verlassen. 1624 wurde der katholische Glaube der einzig anerkannte in den Böhmischen Ländern - immer mehr Untertanen sahen sich gezwungen, zu emigrieren. Rund 150.000 Menschen sollen in den Jahren nach der Niederlage der protestantischen Stände die Böhmischen Länder aus religiösen Gründen verlassen haben. Der wohl bekannteste Emigrant jener Zeit ist Jan Amos Komensky - Comenius. Der Pädagoge und Bischof der Brüderunität liess sich nach einigen Reisen in Holland nieder, wo er 1670 im Alter von 78 Jahren verstarb.
Auch in den Augen der meisten heutigen Tschechen begann damals mit der Niederlage der protestantischen Stände in der Schlacht am Weissen Berg die "Zeit der Finsternis". Als solche werden die knapp 300 Jahre der uneingeschränkten Herrschaft der Habsburger über die Böhmischen Länder bezeichnet, die erst mit der Unabhängigkeit der Tschechoslowakei 1918 endeten. Das einstmals stolze Königreich Böhmen war nach der neuen Landesordnung von 1627 zu einer Habsburger Provinz degradiert worden und hatte die meisten seiner Rechte verloren - auch das der Glaubensfreiheit, für das seine Bewohner seit dem Ketzertod des Jan Hus 1415 gekämpft hatten. Heute erinnern an diese Geschichtsepoche nicht nur die 27 in das Strassenpflaster eingelassenen Kreuze auf dem Altstädter Ring, sondern auch all die prächtigen Barockbauten im Lande. Mit diesen zeigten die katholischen Habsburger ihren böhmischen und mährischen Untertanen, wer der Herr im Lande ist.
Und damit sind wir bereits am Ende unseres Ausfluges in das 17. Jahrhundert.
www.radio.cz/de/rubrik/geschichte/hinrichtung-auf-dem-alt...
هذا رجل اطفاء ما كان يؤدي عمله بشكل جيد فقررت إعدامه ليكون عبره للآخرين :)
وأحب أشكر أبو ناصر على المعاونة العظيمة في الورشة شكرا جزيلا لك .
ift.tt/2gcamcR #A German soldier ties the hands of a captured Slovenian partisan prior to his execution on Mala Poljana mountain, 1942 [1186x1800] #history #retro #vintage #dh #HistoryPorn ift.tt/2gPCa6R via Histolines
Executioner's Hood Melbourne Cut poem
In a land of salutary terror
Instruments of violence were employed
To inflict class suppression
Onto the poor by the rich
For acts of rebellion against owners
Putting the fear of death into them
Terrifying and teaching them a lesson
Employing execution for pacification
The tactics of imperial rule
Resistance is demonstratively not tolerated
Settler violence is reasoned
Public executions are legitimized
Violent acts are defended by the dominant participant
When power is in jeopardy
Protect the exclusive class
By
Building prosperity in the enemy's land
By
Assigning blame onto the victim
Read more: www.jjfbbennett.com/2020/02/picture-poems-2020.html
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