View allAll Photos Tagged driven
a working prototype.
(e=emitter, b=base, c=collector).
shine some light on the photosensor and you can hear the relay click. remove the light and it clicks back again.
hand-soldered by linux-works (me). lead dress is non-critical ;)
photo: e3, 14-54, raw capture
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Her most popular function, as a YouTuber, is as Woman Driven, a Miami-born YouTuber. In 354 days, this woman will be 31 years old; she was born on January 29, 1992. It was titled How I Got My 2018 Ford Shelby GT350 | Upgraded from a MUSTANG GT in July 2018 when she uploaded her first YouTube video.
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To what extent can media companies employ predictive analytics and other data driven approaches to improve content performance? This event, organized by NYC Media Lab and hosted by Bloomberg on February 25, fused short 5 minute presentations and discussion from startups, media companies and university researchers advancing the state of the art in a variety show intended to provoke discussion and debate on opportunities in this fast-moving field of interest.
Speakers included Brian Eoff, Lead Data Scientist, bitly; Ky Harlin, Director, Data Science, BuzzFeed; Mor Naaman, Associate Professor, Cornell Tech and Co-founder and Chief Scientist, Seen.co; Simon Smith, Senior Vice President, Platforms, News Corp; Joshua Schwartz, Lead Data Scientist, Chartbeat.com; and Lisa Strausfeld, Global Head of Data Visualization, Bloomberg LP.
Photos by Yang Jiang.
Learn more about NYC Media Lab at www.nycmedialab.org.
1965 Ginetta G4R driven by Najeeb Khan during the RaceLink Feature Race 1 for Group 3 on Saturday at the 2013 Classic Motorsports Mitty.
If you are interested in this or any of my other photos from this event please visit my website. prints.swankmotorarts.com/f915468385
To what extent can media companies employ predictive analytics and other data driven approaches to improve content performance? This event, organized by NYC Media Lab and hosted by Bloomberg on February 25, fused short 5 minute presentations and discussion from startups, media companies and university researchers advancing the state of the art in a variety show intended to provoke discussion and debate on opportunities in this fast-moving field of interest.
Speakers included Brian Eoff, Lead Data Scientist, bitly; Ky Harlin, Director, Data Science, BuzzFeed; Mor Naaman, Associate Professor, Cornell Tech and Co-founder and Chief Scientist, Seen.co; Simon Smith, Senior Vice President, Platforms, News Corp; Joshua Schwartz, Lead Data Scientist, Chartbeat.com; and Lisa Strausfeld, Global Head of Data Visualization, Bloomberg LP.
Photos by Yang Jiang.
Learn more about NYC Media Lab at www.nycmedialab.org.
The scissor lift did not provide enough torque. Time for plan B a wheel driven brick post. Hopefully this provide a lot more torque!
Facebook page www.facebook.com/AwesomeLegoDad
Youtube channel www.youtube.com/c/PlaywellBricks
Sicily, Gela
Tetradrachm circa 425, AR 16.89 g. Slow quadriga driven r. by Nike, holding reins and kentron with both hands; in field above, laurel-wreath. In exergue, ΓEΛΩION Rev. Youthful head of the river-god Gelas, short hair bound with diadem; three fishes swimming clockwise around. Rizzo pl. 18, 6 (these dies). AMB 286 (these dies). Kraay-Hirmer pl. 58, 164 (these dies). Jenkins 456. Extremely rare. A nice specimen of one of most difficult and desirable Sicilian issues work of a very talented master-engraver. Struck on a full flan, light iridescent tone, obverse surface somewhat porous, otherwise good very fine
Ex M&M 61, 1982, 38; M&M New York 1997, 25; The New York sale 4, 2002, 51 and The New York sale 14, 2007, 37 sales.
Coinage at Gela began with a prodigious series of didrachms that appear to have been struck for a relatively short time, c.490-475 B.C. Though outstanding examples of this early coinage are difficult to find, the quantity that has survived and the prominence of die breaks and die wear suggests that it was a sizeable production. At the end of that early didrachm series a larger denomination coin, the tetradrachm, was introduced. The first effort was extremely limited: only one obverse and three reverse dies employing a transitional design with the reverse showing a full-bodied river-god rather than the forepart that had appeared on the didrachms. That transitional series was quickly abandoned in favor of tetradrachms of a new type that showed on their obverse a slow chariot and on their reverse the forepart of the river-god. The introduction of the chariot obverse may be credited to the success of the contemporary tetradrachms of Syracuse. The reverse, however, remained a local type and became emblematic of the city’s coinage. The basic designs of the tetradrachm remained the same from its introduction in c.480/75 until the city was sacked by the Carthaginians in 405 B.C. Beloved for their charming variations, there are only a few notable departures from the basic type, with the present coin being one of them. This issue of c.425 B.C. replaces the forepart of the river-god Gelas – there portrayed as a bearded, primal force in action – with an elegant, clean-shaven, youthful version of the creature. A prize of Sicilian coinage, this issue was produced with two obverse and three reverse dies. We are fortunate that this example was struck with the best set of dies, obverse 85 and reverse 172, which may well be the most accomplished die pair in the whole series at Gela. It is one of only two tetradrachms to which Jenkins dedicated separate enlargement plates – no doubt an indication of his opinion of the artistic merit. The obverse features a chariot scene that by then was standard for Geloan tetradrachms, yet this time the driver is Nike, which Jenkins notes is the first appearance of that divinity as charioteer on any Sicilian coin. He describes the style as “extremely finished and elegant” and finds the presentation to be similar to scenes on tetradrachms of Selinus, yet different enough to be “a distinct and individual creation.” Robinson notes that the wreath over the chariot and the extraordinary engraving quality mark this coinage as one “...surely struck for some special occasion” and suggests it may have been for a victory in the stadium. Though a youthful head of the river-god is a standard feature of Gela’s bronze coinage of c.420-405 B.C., it rarely occurs on silver: only on this issue of tetradrachms, its companion issue of didrachms (produced with a reverse die so elegant that it must be from the same hand as our portrait die), and a contemporary tetradrachm with a facing-head that is ambitious but deformed, and is known by just one specimen.
NAC72, 310
What is it that gives us the sense of High Adventure? For me I think it is the thrill of the unknown. What's around the next corner? How am I going to get home? How far is it? Where will I sleep tonight? Maybe thats why I enjoy hiking so much. This hike was one of the best I've been on in a long time and it was almost completely unplanned. That being said, I do have enough sense to have a map along with the other ten essentials as well as a little knowledge of the area I'm going into. I don't care to turn into another Chris McCandless, AKA Alexander Supertramp.
OK so this set of pictures was supposed to be named Emigrant Wilderness Thru-Hike but upon hiking up the shoulder of Big Sam Mountain which is the highest point in the wilderness on trail, thunder and lightning started crashing down around me. Being well above tree line at 10500 feet and having my metal hiking poles sticking out of my pack like a lightning rod, I decided to utilize my emergency exit route and beat feet out of there. I was really bummed that I would not be seeing Emigrant Pass, High Emigrant Lake, Middle Emigrant Lake, Emigrant Meadow Lake and all the other lakes down the Crabtree Trail, but the continued lightning in the area reinforced that my decision to get out of the high country was the right one. I started my hike that day at Leavitt Lake after my father in-law so graciously drove me up there in the Jeep. Leaving the lake, I climbed the old abandoned Jeep road up to the top of the ridge and down to the PCT. Following the PCT for a while going south, I made my way to the juction of the PCT and the Emigrant Trail near Kennedy Canyon. Following the Emigrant Trail West towards Big Sam Mountain, I was about 500' below the top of Big Sam when the lightning started and I turned around. Having read reports of the area, including the excellent Emigrant Wilderness and Northwestern Yosemite book by Ben Schifrin, I knew there was a boot path down through Kennedy Canyon. The boot path took me as far as Kennedy Lake where I picked up the Kennedy Lake Trail. Once you get to Kennedy Lake the trail goes through some pretty muddy and swampy areas. There are also lots of cows in this area as it is utilized as a grazing area by local ranchers. Knowing this, it is a good idea to fill up on water before you hit the lake. After passing the lake you will come up on an old log cabin which belonged to an Andrew Thomas Kennedy. I wanted to get a better look at it but it looked as if someone was possibly using it for a base camp so I steered clear of it. After the cabin you will come to a fence that is used to keep the cattle in but I don't think it worked too well as I saw cattle on both sides of the gate. It was at this point of my hike that the thunder and lightning really started in earnest and I got hailed on pretty hard by marble sized hail (later I heard Yosemite was getting golf ball sized hail so I guess I was lucky). After about 4 miles past Kennedy Lake, the trail crosses Kennedy Creek and it becomes very pretty and rugged with smooth polished granite all around. I was in a unique position seeing this trail this way as the majority of people seeing this area for the first time see it coming up from Kennedy Meadows, I was seeing Kennedy Meadows for the first time by hiking down to it. Once you are in the canyon with all the polished granite, you have a choice of taking the Night Cap Stock Trail or the Relief Reservoir Trail down into Kennedy Meadows. I chose the Relief Trail. At the end of the trail you still have a mile or two to go on a dirt road before you get to the store and restaraunt. I believe I read somewhere that there used to be a lodge here but it burned down a couple of years ago. I did see a campground there. Having made plans to be picked up the next day at the Crabtree Trailhead, I used the pay phone to place calls to my father-in-law to come pick me up. I didn't know it at the time but he later told me that he had gone in to the lake earlier that day and forgot that he still had his cell phone in his pocket so calling him did me no good at all. Sitting on the porch of the store at Kennedy Meadows drinking a Gatorade, I watched a car pull up and drop a guy off with a pack. I immediately recognized the guy as a PCT thru-hiker as he fit the hiker trash model with what looked like a couple of months worth of beard growth. I asked him if he just came from Sonora Pass and if the guy he was riding with was going west on Hwy 108. He said he was so I ran down the steps and stuck out my thumb at the guy and he waved at me to come on in. After securing my pack in the back of his car, I learned that the thru-hiker was up on the Sierra Crest near Sonora Pass not too far away from where I was when the lightning started. The storm really came out of nowhere as it was sunny one minute and black clouds the next. He said the thru hiker (named Bill) threw down his pack and ran downhill to the cover of some trees when the storm hit. After the storm abated a little he climbed back up, grabbed his pack and made for the pass. The gentleman that picked me up (Greg) said that Bill was soaking wet when he picked him up at the pass. Greg said he hadn't picked up a hitchhiker in more than 20 years and today he had picked up 2 in the span of an hour. I let him know that it was OK because I hadn't hitched in quite a few years either but under the circumstances I though it appropriate today. Greg was a really great guy and told me he was recently retired and that he used to be a private investigator for a law firm in San Diego. He told me the story of the lady that walked through someones yard near Joshua Tree and found thousands of little piles of what she thought looked like kitty litter. Upon closer inspection she found a couple little metal tags in the piles and she brought them to her husband who was the county prosecuter. He knew what they were immediately. They were toe tags from bodies that had been creamated. This is when Greg the PI got involved to determine where the ashes to all these bodies were supposed to have been scattered. Turned out the owner of the property was in the ash scattering business for people who had no one else to scatter their ashes for them when they passed away. The guy had been falsifying documents for over 10 years saying he was scattering the ashes in the location the deceased requested but instead he just dumped them on his property thinking no one would be the wiser. Great story! Before I knew it Greg had driven me the 20 + miles back to Twain Harte where my family was staying and dropped me off right at my door. Greg if you are reading this, thank you so much for the ride, and the stories were top notch. The perfect end to my high adventure day!
Stats:
2000' cumulative gain
5000' cumulative loss
16 Miles
The National Glass Centre is a cultural venue and visitor attraction located in Sunderland, North East England. It is part of the University of Sunderland.
Background
The National Glass Centre is located in Sunderland, on the north banks of the River Wear, on the former site of J.L. Thompson and Sons shipyard. The centre is close to the site of St. Peter's Church, part of the original Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory built in 674. It was here that Benedict Biscop introduced glass making into Britain, by hiring French glaziers to make the windows for the priory. The glass-making industry expanded rapidly in the eighteenth century, driven by an abundance of cheap coal and high-quality imported sand. Sunderland glass became known throughout the country. In later years, the Pyrex brand of glassware was manufactured in Sunderland. In 2007, the last two remaining glass firms in Sunderland - Corning Glass Works and Arc International (who make Pyrex) - announced they would close.
Despite the decline in the industry, in 1998 the centre was opened for £17 million. It was funded by the Arts Council in conjunction with the University of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear Development Corporation, European Regional Development Fund and Sunderland City Council. The centre, located alongside the university's St. Peter's campus, continued the regeneration of the banks of the Wear.
Experience
The National Glass Centre is constructed from glass and steel. Visitors can walk on its glass roof and look down into the centre below. There is a total of 3,250 square metres of glass on the roof, and it can hold 460 people on at any one time. Each glass panel on the roof is 6 cm thick.
The centre contains a museum dedicated to the history of glass-making, and several galleries with changing exhibitions. Hot glass demonstrations provide a context for the museum's collection. The NGC also houses the University of Sunderland's Glass and Ceramics Department and Institute for International Research in Glass. A number of artists are located on site, and their work can be purchased by visitors in the glass shop.
Since August 2006, National Glass Centre dropped its admission fee and is currently free to visit. Since the removal of an admission fee, the centre has seen a rapid increase in visitors. It has also played host to many prestigious events including the 2007 North East Tourism Awards and T4 Transmission with T-Mobile.
Exhibitions
The National Glass Centre hosts a variety of changing exhibitions in its Contemporary Gallery. Exhibitions have included:
Connection to Place - Tim Shaw June - August 2010
Beautifully Crafted - 25 September 2008 – 22 February 2009
The Dark Glass - 6–28 September 2008
Art Forms from the Ocean - 11 April - 31 August 2008
Neon - 1 December 2007 – 24 March 2008
One-off Factory, featuring Mathias Bengtsson and Anne Vibeke Mou - 6 October - 18 November 2007
North + South - 1 July - 23 September 2007
Lynette Wallworth - 17 March - 17 June 2007
Snowdomes - 25 November 2006 – 4 March 2007
Lybensky & Brychtova (What then Shall we Choose? Weight or Lightness?) - 17 July - 12 November 2006
Wearing Glass - 12 May - 9 July 2006
Trip the Light Fantastic - 10 February - 30 April 2006
Confluence - 25 March - 10 September 2023
The Liminal Guard - Theo Harper - 25 March - 14 October 2023
Bernard Lloyd Collection - 16 September 2023 - 10 March 2024
Hassina Khan - 16 September 2023 - 10 March 2024
Sunderland is a port city[a] in Tyne and Wear, North East England. It is located at the mouth of the River Wear on the North Sea, approximately 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Newcastle upon Tyne. The city has a population of 168,277, making it the second largest settlement in the North East after Newcastle. It is the administrative centre of the metropolitan borough of the same name.
The centre of the modern city is an amalgamation of three settlements founded in the Anglo-Saxon era: Monkwearmouth, on the north bank of the Wear, and Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth on the south bank. Monkwearmouth contains St Peter's Church, which was founded in 674 and formed part of Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey, a significant centre of learning in the seventh and eighth centuries. Sunderland was a fishing settlement and later a port, being granted a town charter in 1179. The city traded in coal and salt, also developing shipbuilding industry in the fourteenth century and glassmaking industry in the seventeenth century. Following the decline of its traditional industries in the late 20th century, the area became an automotive building centre. In 1992, the borough of Sunderland was granted city status. It is historically part of County Durham.
Locals from the city are sometimes known as Mackems, a term which came into common use in the 1970s. ; its use and acceptance by residents, particularly among the older generations, is not universal. The term is also applied to the Sunderland dialect, which shares similarities with the other North East England dialects.
In 685, King Ecgfrith granted Benedict Biscop a "sunder-land". Also in 685 The Venerable Bede moved to the newly founded Jarrow monastery. He had started his monastic career at Monkwearmouth monastery and later wrote that he was "ácenned on sundorlande þæs ylcan mynstres" (born in a separate land of this same monastery). This can be taken as "sundorlande" (being Old English for "separate land") or the settlement of Sunderland. Alternatively, it is possible that Sunderland was later named in honour of Bede's connections to the area by people familiar with this statement of his.
Early history
The earliest inhabitants of the Sunderland area were Stone Age hunter-gatherers and artifacts from this era have been discovered, including microliths found during excavations at St Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth. During the final phase of the Stone Age, the Neolithic period (c. 4000 – c. 2000 BC), Hastings Hill, on the western outskirts of Sunderland, was a focal point of activity and a place of burial and ritual significance. Evidence includes the former presence of a cursus monument.
Roman Empire
It is believed the Brigantes inhabited the area around the River Wear in the pre- and post-Roman era. There is a long-standing local legend that there was a Roman settlement on the south bank of the River Wear on what is the site of the former Vaux Brewery, although no archaeological investigation has taken place.
In March 2021, a "trove" of Roman artefacts were recovered in the River Wear at North Hylton, including four stone anchors, a discovery of huge significance that may affirm a persistent theory of a Roman Dam or Port existing at the River Wear.
Recorded settlements at the mouth of the Wear date to 674, when an Anglo-Saxon nobleman, Benedict Biscop, granted land by King Ecgfrith of Northumbria, founded the Wearmouth–Jarrow (St Peter's) monastery on the north bank of the river—an area that became known as Monkwearmouth. Biscop's monastery was the first built of stone in Northumbria. He employed glaziers from France and in doing he re-established glass making in Britain. In 686 the community was taken over by Ceolfrid, and Wearmouth–Jarrow became a major centre of learning and knowledge in Anglo-Saxon England with a library of around 300 volumes.
The Codex Amiatinus, described by White as the 'finest book in the world', was created at the monastery and was likely worked on by Bede, who was born at Wearmouth in 673. This is one of the oldest monasteries still standing in England. While at the monastery, Bede completed the Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (The Ecclesiastical History of the English People) in 731, a feat which earned him the title The father of English history.
In the late 8th century the Vikings raided the coast, and by the middle of the 9th century the monastery had been abandoned. Lands on the south side of the river were granted to the Bishop of Durham by Athelstan of England in 930; these became known as Bishopwearmouth and included settlements such as Ryhope which fall within the modern boundary of Sunderland.
Medieval developments after the Norman conquest
In 1100, Bishopwearmouth parish included a fishing village at the southern mouth of the river (now the East End) known as 'Soender-land' (which evolved into 'Sunderland'). This settlement was granted a charter in 1179 by Hugh Pudsey, then the Bishop of Durham (who had quasi-monarchical power within the County Palatine); the charter gave its merchants the same rights as those of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, but it nevertheless took time for Sunderland to develop as a port. Fishing was the main commercial activity at the time: mainly herring in the 13th century, then salmon in the 14th and 15th centuries. From 1346 ships were being built at Wearmouth, by a merchant named Thomas Menville, and by 1396 a small amount of coal was being exported.
Rapid growth of the port was initially prompted by the salt trade. Salt exports from Sunderland are recorded from as early as the 13th century, but in 1589 salt pans were laid at Bishopwearmouth Panns (the modern-day name of the area the pans occupied is Pann's Bank, on the river bank between the city centre and the East End). Large vats of seawater were heated using coal; as the water evaporated, the salt remained. As coal was required to heat the salt pans, a coal mining community began to emerge. Only poor-quality coal was used in salt panning; better-quality coal was traded via the port, which subsequently began to grow.
17th century
Both salt and coal continued to be exported through the 17th century, but the coal trade grew significantly (2–3,000 tons of coal were exported from Sunderland in the year 1600; by 1680 this had increased to 180,000 tons). Because of the difficulty for colliers trying to navigate the shallow waters of the Wear, coal mined further inland was loaded onto keels (large, flat-bottomed boats) and taken downriver to the waiting colliers. The keels were manned by a close-knit group of workers known as 'keelmen'.
In 1634 a charter was granted by Bishop Thomas Morton, which incorporated the inhabitants of the 'antient borough' of Sunderland as the 'Mayor, Aldermen and Commonality' of the Borough and granted the privilege of a market and an annual fair. While as a consequence a mayor and twelve aldermen were appointed and a common council established, their establishment does not seem to have survived the ensuing Civil War.
Before the 1st English civil war the North, with the exclusion of Kingston upon Hull, declared for the King. In 1644 the North was captured by parliament. The villages that later become Sunderland, were taken in March 1644. One artifact of the English civil war near this area was the long trench; a tactic of later warfare. In the village of Offerton roughly three miles inland from the area, skirmishes occurred. Parliament also blockaded the River Tyne, crippling the Newcastle coal trade which allowed the coal trade of the area to flourish for a short period. There was intense rivalry between the ports of Sunderland and Newcastle when the two towns took opposing sides in the Civil War.
In 1669, after the Restoration, King Charles II granted letters patent to one Edward Andrew, Esq. to 'build a pier and erect a lighthouse or lighthouses and cleanse the harbour of Sunderland', and authorised the levying of a tonnage duty on shipping in order to raise the necessary funds; however it took time before these improvements were realized.
There is evidence of a growing number of shipbuilders or boatbuilders being active on the River Wear in the late 17th century: among others, the banking family Goodchilds opened a building yard in 1672 (it eventually closed when the bank went out of business in 1821); and in 1691 one Thomas Burn aged 17 is recorded as having taken over the running of a yard from his mother.
18th century
The River Wear Commission was formed in 1717 in response to the growing prosperity of Sunderland as a port. Under the Board of Commissioners (a committee of local land owners, ship owners, colliery owners and merchants) a succession of civil engineers adapted the natural riverscape to meet the needs of maritime trade and shipbuilding. Their first major harbour work was the construction in stone of the South Pier (later known as the Old South Pier), begun in 1723 with the aim of diverting the river channel away from sandbanks; the building of the South Pier continued until 1759. By 1748 the river was being manually dredged. A northern counterpart to the South Pier was not yet in place; instead, a temporary breakwater was formed at around this time, consisting of a row of piles driven into the seabed interspersed with old keelboats. From 1786 work began on a more permanent North Pier (which was later known as the Old North Pier): it was formed from a wooden frame, filled with stones and faced with masonry, and eventually extended 1,500 ft (460 m) into the sea. The work was initially overseen by Robert Stout (the Wear Commissioners' Engineer from 1781 to 1795). In 1794 a lighthouse was built at the seaward end, by which time around half the pier had been enclosed in masonry; it was completed in 1802.
By the start of the 18th century the banks of the Wear were described as being studded with small shipyards, as far as the tide flowed. After 1717, measures having been taken to increase the depth of the river, Sunderland's shipbuilding trade grew substantially (in parallel with its coal exports). A number of warships were built, alongside many commercial sailing ships. By the middle of the century the town was probably the premier shipbuilding centre in Britain. By 1788 Sunderland was Britain's fourth largest port (by measure of tonnage) after London, Newcastle and Liverpool; among these it was the leading coal exporter (though it did not rival Newcastle in terms of home coal trade). Still further growth was driven across the region, towards the end of the century, by London's insatiable demand for coal during the French Revolutionary Wars.
Sunderland's third-biggest export, after coal and salt, was glass. The town's first modern glassworks were established in the 1690s and the industry grew through the 17th century. Its flourishing was aided by trading ships bringing good-quality sand (as ballast) from the Baltic and elsewhere which, together with locally available limestone (and coal to fire the furnaces) was a key ingredient in the glassmaking process. Other industries that developed alongside the river included lime burning and pottery making (the town's first commercial pottery manufactory, the Garrison Pottery, had opened in old Sunderland in 1750).
The world's first steam dredger was built in Sunderland in 1796-7 and put to work on the river the following year. Designed by Stout's successor as Engineer, Jonathan Pickernell jr (in post from 1795 to 1804), it consisted of a set of 'bag and spoon' dredgers driven by a tailor-made 4-horsepower Boulton & Watt beam engine. It was designed to dredge to a maximum depth of 10 ft (3.0 m) below the waterline and remained in operation until 1804, when its constituent parts were sold as separate lots. Onshore, numerous small industries supported the business of the burgeoning port. In 1797 the world's first patent ropery (producing machine-made rope, rather than using a ropewalk) was built in Sunderland, using a steam-powered hemp-spinning machine which had been devised by a local schoolmaster, Richard Fothergill, in 1793; the ropery building still stands, in the Deptford area of the city.
Urban developments
In 1719, the parish of Sunderland was carved from the densely populated east end of Bishopwearmouth by the establishment of a new parish church, Holy Trinity Church, Sunderland (today also known as Sunderland Old Parish Church). Later, in 1769, St John's Church was built as a chapel of ease within Holy Trinity parish; built by a local coal fitter, John Thornhill, it stood in Prospect Row to the north-east of the parish church. (St John's was demolished in 1972.) By 1720 the port area was completely built up, with large houses and gardens facing the Town Moor and the sea, and labourers' dwellings vying with manufactories alongside the river. The three original settlements of Wearmouth (Bishopwearmouth, Monkwearmouth and Sunderland) had begun to combine, driven by the success of the port of Sunderland and salt panning and shipbuilding along the banks of the river. Around this time, Sunderland was known as 'Sunderland-near-the-Sea'.
By 1770 Sunderland had spread westwards along its High Street to join up with Bishopwearmouth. In 1796 Bishopwearmouth in turn gained a physical link with Monkwearmouth following the construction of a bridge, the Wearmouth Bridge, which was the world's second iron bridge (after the famous span at Ironbridge). It was built at the instigation of Rowland Burdon, the Member of Parliament (MP) for County Durham, and described by Nikolaus Pevsner as being 'a triumph of the new metallurgy and engineering ingenuity [...] of superb elegance'. Spanning the river in a single sweep of 236 feet (72 m), it was over twice the length of the earlier bridge at Ironbridge but only three-quarters the weight. At the time of building, it was the biggest single-span bridge in the world; and because Sunderland had developed on a plateau above the river, it never suffered from the problem of interrupting the passage of high-masted vessels.
Defences
During the War of Jenkins' Ear a pair of gun batteries were built (in 1742 and 1745) on the shoreline to the south of the South Pier, to defend the river from attack (a further battery was built on the cliff top in Roker, ten years later). One of the pair was washed away by the sea in 1780, but the other was expanded during the French Revolutionary Wars and became known as the Black Cat Battery. In 1794 Sunderland Barracks were built, behind the battery, close to what was then the tip of the headland.
19th century
In 1802 a new, 72 ft (22 m) high octagonal stone lighthouse was built on the end of the newly finished North Pier, designed by the chief Engineer Jonathan Pickernell. At the same time he built a lighthouse on the South Pier, which showed a red light (or by day a red flag) when the tide was high enough for ships to pass into the river. From 1820 Pickernell's lighthouse was lit by gas from its own gasometer. In 1840 work began to extend the North Pier to 1,770 ft (540 m) and the following year its lighthouse was moved in one piece, on a wooden cradle, to its new seaward end, remaining lit each night throughout the process.
Local government
In 1809 an Act of Parliament was passed creating an Improvement Commission, for 'paving, lighting, cleansing, watching and otherwise improving the town of Sunderland'; this provided the beginnings of a structure of local government for the township as a whole. Commissioners were appointed, with the power to levy contributions towards the works detailed in the Act, and in 1812–14 the Exchange Building was built, funded by public subscription, to serve as a combined Town Hall, Watch House, Market Hall, Magistrate's Court, Post Office and News Room. It became a regular gathering place for merchants conducting business, and the public rooms on the first floor were available for public functions when not being used for meetings of the Commissioners. By 1830 the Commissioners had made a number of improvements, ranging from the establishment of a police force to installing gas lighting across much of the town.
In other aspects, however, Local government was still divided between the three parishes (Holy Trinity Church, Sunderland, St Michael's, Bishopwearmouth, and St Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth) and when cholera broke out in 1831 their select vestrymen were unable to cope with the epidemic. Sunderland, a main trading port at the time, was the first British town to be struck with the 'Indian cholera' epidemic. The first victim, William Sproat, died on 23 October 1831. Sunderland was put into quarantine, and the port was blockaded, but in December of that year the disease spread to Gateshead and from there, it rapidly made its way across the country, killing an estimated 32,000 people; among those to die was Sunderland's Naval hero Jack Crawford. (The novel The Dress Lodger by American author Sheri Holman is set in Sunderland during the epidemic.)
Demands for democracy and organised town government saw the three parishes incorporated as the Borough of Sunderland in 1835. Later, the Sunderland Borough Act of 1851 abolished the Improvement Commission and vested its powers in the new Corporation.
Coal, staiths, railways and docks
In the early nineteenth century 'the three great proprietors of collieries upon the Wear [were] Lord Durham, the Marquis of Londonderry and the Hetton Company'. In 1822 the Hetton colliery railway was opened, linking the company's collieries with staiths ('Hetton Staiths') on the riverside at Bishopwearmouth, where coal drops delivered the coal directly into waiting ships. Engineered by George Stephenson, it was the first railway in the world to be operated without animal power, and at the time (albeit briefly) was the longest railway in the world. At the same time Lord Durham began establishing rail links to an adjacent set of staiths ('Lambton Staiths'). Lord Londonderry, on the other hand, continued conveying his coal downriver on keels; but he was working on establishing his own separate port down the coast at Seaham Harbour.
Although the volume of coal exports were increasing, there was a growing concern that without the establishment of a purpose-built dock Sunderland would start losing trade to Newcastle and Hartlepool. The colliery rail links were on the south side of the river, but Sir Hedworth Williamson, who owned much of the land on the north bank, seized the initiative. He formed the Wearmouth Dock Company in 1832, obtained a Royal Charter for establishing a dock at Monkwearmouth riverside, and engaged no less a figure than Isambard Kingdom Brunel to provide designs (not only for docks but also for a double-deck suspension bridge to provide a rail link to the opposite side of the river). Building of the dock went ahead (albeit the smallest of Brunel's proposals) but not of the bridge; the resulting North Dock, opened in 1837, soon proved too small at 6 acres (2.4 ha), and it suffered through lack of a direct rail link to the colliery lines south of the Wear (instead, it would be linked, by way of the Brandling Junction Railway from 1839, to collieries in the Gateshead area).
Also in Monkwearmouth, further upstream, work began in 1826 on sinking a pit in the hope of reaching the seams of coal (even though, at this location, they were deep underground). Seven years later, coal was struck at 180 fathoms; digging deeper, the Bensham seam was found the following year at 267 fathoms and in 1835 Wearmouth Colliery, which was then the deepest mine in the world, began producing coal. When the superior Hutton seam was reached, at a still greater depth in 1846, the mine (which had begun as a speculative enterprise by Messrs Pemberton and Thompson) began to be profitable.
Meanwhile, south of the river, the Durham & Sunderland Railway Co. built a railway line across the Town Moor and established a passenger terminus there in 1836. In 1847 the line was bought by George Hudson's York and Newcastle Railway. Hudson, nicknamed 'The Railway King', was Member of Parliament for Sunderland and was already involved in a scheme to build a dock in the area. In 1846 he had formed the Sunderland Dock Company, which received parliamentary approval for the construction of a dock between the South Pier and Hendon Bay. The engineer overseeing the project was John Murray; the foundation stone for the entrance basin was laid in February 1848, and by the end of the year excavation of the new dock was largely complete, the spoil being used in the associated land reclamation works. Lined with limestone and entered from the river by way of a half tide basin, the dock (later named Hudson Dock) was formally opened by Hudson on 20 June 1850. Most of the dockside to the west was occupied with coal staiths linked to the railway line, but there was also a warehouse and granary built at the northern end by John Dobson in 1856 (this, along with a second warehouse dating from the 1860s, was demolished in 1992).
In 1850–56 a half-tidal sea-entrance was constructed at the south-east corner of the dock, protected by a pair of breakwaters, to allow larger ships to enter the dock direct from the North Sea. At the same time (1853–55) Hudson Dock itself was extended southwards and deepened, and, alongside the entrance basin to the north, the first of a pair of public graving docks was built. In 1854 the Londonderry, Seaham & Sunderland Railway opened, linking the Londonderry and South Hetton collieries to a separate set of staiths at Hudson Dock South. It also provided a passenger service from Sunderland to Seaham Harbour.
In 1859 the docks were purchased by the River Wear Commissioners. Under Thomas Meik as engineer the docks were further extended with the construction of Hendon Dock to the south (1864–67). (Hendon Dock was entered via Hudson Dock South, but in 1870 it too was provided with a half-tidal sea-entrance providing direct access from the North Sea.) Under Meik's successor, Henry Hay Wake, Hudson Dock was further enlarged and the entrances were improved: in 1875 lock gates were installed (along with a swing bridge) at the river entrance, to allow entry at all states of the tide; they were powered by hydraulic machinery, installed by Sir William Armstrong in the adjacent dock office building. Similarly, a new sea lock was constructed at the south-east entrance in 1877–80. The breakwater (known as the 'Northeast Pier') which protected the sea entrance to the docks was provided with a lighthouse (29 ft (8.8 m) high and of lattice construction, since demolished) which Chance Brothers equipped with a fifth-order optic and clockwork occulting mechanism in 1888; it displayed a sector light: white indicating the fairway and red indicating submerged hazards.
By 1889 two million tons of coal per year was passing through the dock. The eastern wharves, opposite the coal staiths, were mainly occupied by saw mills and timber yards, with large open spaces given over to the storage of pit props for use in the mines; while to the south of Hendon Dock, the Wear Fuel Works distilled coal tar to produce pitch, oil and other products.
After completion of the dock works, H. H. Wake embarked on the construction of Roker Pier (part of a scheme to protect the river approach by creating an outer harbour). Protection of a different kind was provided by the Wave Basin Battery, armed with four RML 80 pounder 5 ton guns, constructed just inside the Old South Pier in 1874.
Increasing industrialisation had prompted affluent residents to move away from the old port area, with several settling in the suburban terraces of the Fawcett Estate and Mowbray Park. The area around Fawcett Street itself increasingly functioned as the civic and commercial town centre. In 1848 George Hudson's York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway built a passenger terminus, Monkwearmouth Station, just north of Wearmouth Bridge; and south of the river another passenger terminus, in Fawcett Street, in 1853. Later, Thomas Elliot Harrison (chief engineer to the North Eastern Railway) made plans to carry the railway across the river; the Wearmouth Railway Bridge (reputedly 'the largest Hog-Back iron girder bridge in the world') opened in 1879. In 1886–90 Sunderland Town Hall was built in Fawcett Street, just to the east of the railway station, to a design by Brightwen Binyon.
Sunderland's shipbuilding industry continued to grow through most of the 19th century, becoming the town's dominant industry and a defining part of its identity. By 1815 it was 'the leading shipbuilding port for wooden trading vessels' with 600 ships constructed that year across 31 different yards. By 1840 the town had 76 shipyards and between 1820 and 1850 the number of ships being built on the Wear increased fivefold. From 1846 to 1854 almost a third of the UK's ships were built in Sunderland, and in 1850 the Sunderland Herald proclaimed the town to be the greatest shipbuilding port in the world.
During the century the size of ships being built increased and technologies evolved: in 1852 the first iron ship was launched on Wearside, built by marine engineer George Clark in partnership with shipbuilder John Barkes. Thirty years later Sunderland's ships were being built in steel (the last wooden ship having been launched in 1880). As the century progressed, the shipyards on the Wear decreased in number on the one hand, but increased in size on the other, so as to accommodate the increasing scale and complexity of ships being built.
Shipyards founded in the 19th century, and still operational in the 20th, included:
Sir James Laing & Sons (established by Philip Laing at Deptford in 1818, renamed Sir James Laing & sons in 1898)
S. P. Austin (established in 1826 at Monkwearmouth, moving across the river to a site alongside Wearmouth Bridge in 1866)
Bartram & Sons (established at Hylton in 1837, moved to South Dock in 1871)
William Doxford & Sons (established at Cox Green in 1840, moved to Pallion in 1857)
William Pickersgill's (established at Southwick in 1845)
J. L. Thompson & Sons (yard established at North Sands by Robert Thompson in 1846, taken over by his son Joseph in 1860, another son (also Robert) having established his own yard at Southwick in 1854)
John Crown & Sons (yard established at Monkwearmouth by Luke Crown (or Crone) by 1807, taken over by his grandson Jackie in 1854)
Short Brothers (established by George Short in 1850, moved to Pallion in 1866)
Sir J Priestman (established at Southwick in 1882)
Alongside the shipyards, marine engineering works were established from the 1820s onwards, initially providing engines for paddle steamers; in 1845 a ship named Experiment was the first of many to be converted to steam screw propulsion. Demand for steam-powered vessels increased during the Crimean War; nonetheless, sailing ships continued to be built, including fast fully-rigged composite-built clippers, including the City of Adelaide in 1864 and Torrens (the last such vessel ever built), in 1875.
Other industries
By the middle of the century glassmaking was at its height on Wearside. James Hartley & Co., established in Sunderland in 1836, grew to be the largest glassworks in the country and (having patented an innovative production technique for rolled plate glass) produced much of the glass used in the construction of the Crystal Palace in 1851. A third of all UK-manufactured plate glass was produced at Hartley's by this time. Other manufacturers included the Cornhill Flint Glassworks (established at Southwick in 1865), which went on to specialise in pressed glass, as did the Wear Flint Glassworks (which had originally been established in 1697). In addition to the plate glass and pressed glass manufacturers there were 16 bottle works on the Wear in the 1850s, with the capacity to produce between 60 and 70,000 bottles a day.
Local potteries also flourished in the mid-19th century, again making use of raw materials (white clay and stone) being brought into Sunderland as ballast on ships. Sunderland pottery was exported across Europe, with Sunderland Lustreware proving particularly popular in the home market; however the industry sharply declined later in the century due to foreign competition, and the largest remaining manufacturer (Southwick Pottery) closed in 1897.
Victoria Hall Disaster
Victoria Hall was a large concert hall on Toward Road facing Mowbray Park. The hall was the scene of a tragedy on 16 June 1883 when 183 children died. During a variety show, children rushed towards a staircase for treats. At the bottom of the staircase, the door had been opened inward and bolted in such a way as to leave only a gap wide enough for one child to pass at a time. The children surged down the stairs and those at the front were trapped and crushed by the weight of the crowd behind them.
The asphyxiation of 183 children aged between three and 14 is the worst disaster of its kind in British history. The memorial, a grieving mother holding a dead child, is located in Mowbray Park inside a protective canopy. Newspaper reports triggered a mood of national outrage and an inquiry recommended that public venues be fitted with a minimum number of outward opening emergency exits, which led to the invention of 'push bar' emergency doors. This law remains in force. Victoria Hall remained in use until 1941 when it was destroyed by a German bomb.
Lyceum Theatre
The Lyceum was a public building on Lambton Street, opened August 1852, whose many rooms included a Mechanics' Institute and a hall 90 by 40 feet (27 m × 12 m) which Edward D. Davis converted into a theatre, opened September 1854, then was gutted by fire in December the following year. It was refurbished and reopened in September 1856 as the Royal Lyceum Theatre, and is notable as the venue of Henry Irving's first successes. The building was destroyed by fire in 1880 and demolished. The site was later developed for the Salvation Army.
20th and 21st centuries
The public transport network was enhanced in 1900 – 1919 with an electric tram system. The trams were gradually replaced by buses during the 1940s before being completely axed in 1954. In 1909 the Queen Alexandra Bridge was built, linking Deptford and Southwick.
The First World War led to a notable increase in shipbuilding but also resulted in the town being targeted by a Zeppelin raid in 1916. The Monkwearmouth area was struck on 1 April 1916 and 22 lives were lost. Many citizens also served in the armed forces during this period, over 25,000 men from a population of 151,000.
In the wake of the First World War, and on through the Great Depression of the 1930s, shipbuilding dramatically declined: the number of shipyards on the Wear went from fifteen in 1921 to six in 1937. The small yards of J. Blumer & Son (at North Dock) and the Sunderland Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. (at Hudson Dock) both closed in the 1920s, and other yards were closed down by National Shipbuilders Securities in the 1930s (including Osbourne, Graham & Co., way upriver at North Hylton, Robert Thompson & Sons at Southwick, and the 'overflow' yards operated by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson and William Gray & Co.).
With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Sunderland was a key target of the German Luftwaffe, who claimed the lives of 267 people in the town, caused damage or destruction to 4,000 homes, and devastated local industry. After the war, more housing was developed. The town's boundaries expanded in 1967 when neighbouring Ryhope, Silksworth, Herrington, South Hylton and Castletown were incorporated into Sunderland.
During the second half of the 20th century shipbuilding and coalmining declined; shipbuilding ended in 1988 and coalmining in 1993. At the worst of the unemployment crisis up to 20 per cent of the local workforce were unemployed in the mid-1980s.
As the former heavy industries declined, new industries were developed (including electronic, chemical, paper and motor manufacture) and the service sector expanded during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1986 Japanese car manufacturer Nissan opened its Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK factory in Washington, which has since become the UK's largest car factory.
From 1990, the banks of the Wear were regenerated with the creation of housing, retail parks and business centres on former shipbuilding sites. Alongside the creation of the National Glass Centre the University of Sunderland has built a new campus on the St Peter's site. The clearance of the Vaux Breweries site on the north west fringe of the city centre created a further opportunity for development in the city centre.
Sunderland received city status in 1992. Like many cities, Sunderland comprises a number of areas with their own distinct histories, Fulwell, Monkwearmouth, Roker, and Southwick on the northern side of the Wear, and Bishopwearmouth and Hendon to the south. On 24 March 2004, the city adopted Benedict Biscop as its patron saint.
The 20th century saw Sunderland A.F.C. established as the Wearside area's greatest claim to sporting fame. Founded in 1879 as Sunderland and District Teachers A.F.C. by schoolmaster James Allan, Sunderland joined The Football League for the 1890–91 season. By 1936 the club had been league champions on five occasions. They won their first FA Cup in 1937, but their only post-World War II major honour came in 1973 when they won a second FA Cup. They have had a checkered history and dropped into the old third division for a season and been relegated thrice from the Premier League, twice with the lowest points ever, earning the club a reputation as a yo-yo club. After 99 years at the historic Roker Park stadium, the club moved to the 42,000-seat Stadium of Light on the banks of the River Wear in 1997. At the time, it was the largest stadium built by an English football club since the 1920s, and has since been expanded to hold nearly 50,000 seated spectators.
In 2018 Sunderland was ranked as the best city to live and work in the UK by the finance firm OneFamily. In the same year, Sunderland was ranked as one of the top 10 safest cities in the UK.
Many fine old buildings remain despite the bombing that occurred during World War II. Religious buildings include Holy Trinity Church, built in 1719 for an independent Sunderland, St Michael's Church, built as Bishopwearmouth Parish Church and now known as Sunderland Minster and St Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth, part of which dates from AD 674, and was the original monastery. St Andrew's Church, Roker, known as the "Cathedral of the Arts and Crafts Movement", contains work by William Morris, Ernest Gimson and Eric Gill. St Mary's Catholic Church is the earliest surviving Gothic revival church in the city.
Sunderland Civic Centre was designed by Spence Bonnington & Collins and was officially opened by Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon in 1970. It closed in November 2021, following the opening of a new City Hall on the former Vaux Brewery redevelopment site.
1980 Porsche 935 K3 driven by Fred Kaimerr during Friday practice for Group 6A (1973-1982 IMSA, GT, GTX, AAGT, GTU/GTO Cars) at the 2012 Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion.
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Screen caps from the Episode "China" - Shell Helix Driven to Extremes TV series (Discovery Channel UK). Caps by Danny, editing by tkm for the Henry Cavill Fanpage.
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The Classic Yacht Association promotes and encourages the preservation, restoration and maintenance of fine old power-driven pleasure craft. Additional objectives of the Association are to promote, sponsor, and develop yachting activities for the Association and to cultivate a spirit of friendship among the members.
DUFFY was originally commissioned by Dr. William Kidd and Elaine Kidd and launched in 1950 by the Adams Boat Company on Portage Bay in Seattle's Lake Union. Duffy was built to plans penned by Edwin Monk in 1947, with some detail changes made during construction. She is 36 feet long with a beam of 10 feet 6 inches.
Moored in Seattle's Portage Bay under the Kidd's ownership, Duffy is listed as a member vessel of the Tyee Yacht Club in the register of Washington Yacht Clubs in the 1950 "Pacific Motoring Handbook". She traveled the Puget Sound and the San Juan Islands until 1992 when she was purchased from the estate of Dr. Kidd by Mike and Gwen Byrne.
The Byrnes brought Duffy to the Shelton Yacht Club where a restoration was undertaken in the mid 1990s and actively cruised her the length of Puget Sound and the Salish Sea. In 1998 Duffy was featured in the book "Ed Monk and t he Tradition of Classic Boats" by Bet Oliver.
Evan and Sara Bailly purchased Duffy from the Byrnes family in early 2017 and have started another round of restoration work, including a great deal of repairs to her below the waterline, while still taking every opportunity to take her cruising. They had already taken her the length of Puget Sound proper, as far south as Olympia and as far North as Anacortes in their first year as her caretakers.
Her hull is Alaskan yellow cedar planking over white oak frames. Her house and bright-work is mahogany.
DUFFY is powered by a single Marine Power 4.3L V6 with a Hurth/ZF V-Drive.
For more information about CYA, check out their website at www.classicyacht.org and their Facebook page at www.facebook.com/classicyacht/?fref=photo
Rich Reynolds, Microsoft Philanthropies Strategy and International Field Lead; Benjamin Karenzi, Youth leader CEO Robotical Africa Rwanda and Delegates having a group portrait during African Economic Conference (AEC) 2019 - Special Event D - Enhancing Demand - Driven Digital and Technical Skills Development in December 2019, in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.
1987 Chevrolet Monte Carlo driven by Gary Sousa driven by Fred Cziska during Friday practice for Group 8B (1974-1990 Stock Cars with disc brakes) at the 2012 Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion.
The cattle drive in Pioneer Plaza consists of 49 bronze steer sculptures and three cowboys.
The sculptures commemorate early cattle drives along the Shawnee Trail, also known as the Texas Road, which passed through Dallas. Drives along the Shawnee Trail began in the 1840s, but started experiencing resistance by local farmers along the trail in the mid 1850s. By 1867, the bulk of Texas cattle were driven along the Chisholm Trail to the west in an effort to avoid farm settlements.
Much of the Shawnee Trail eventually became the right-of-way for the Missouri-Kansas-Texas (MKT) Railroad.
1988 Ford Thunderbird driven by Mike Joy during the afternoon race for Group 8B (1974-1990 Stock Cars with disc brakes) on Sunday at the 2012 Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion.
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Despite having driven cab for many, many years in Jerusalem, my taxi driver said that he had never heard of this street. He was only able to find it through our hotel concierge who went on line. It's likely that he didn't know as no vehicles are permitted on the street. He dropped me in the general area and said good luck in finding the temple which I did by continuing to ask locals. It was hot and left me wilted.
www.google.com/search?q=17+ezrat+jerusalem+str+map
Jerusalem, the "City of Peace," is the city of David, King of Israel, who, in the 10th century BCE, unified the Holy Land under his rule and established Jerusalem as his capital. His son, Solomon, King of Israel, built a Temple to the G-d of Israel which became the archetypal Temple in Western thought and a central subject in Masonic tradition. King Solomon's Temple already appears in the Old Charges of Operative Masons used by medieval Lodges and many legendary and ritual features of various Masonic degrees are related to its construction and architecture.
For both Christians and Jews, Jerusalem is the focal point of the world, the place where heaven and earth touch each other (Heavenly and Earthly Jerusalem). In the middle ages, some maps show Jerusalem as the center of the world, with Europe, Asia, and Africa radiating from it like the petals of a flower. Jerusalem is mentioned in the Old Testament no less than 656 times, in addition to other appelations such as "The Holy City," "The City of Truth," "The City of G-d," "The City of Peace," etc.
In 586 BCE, King Solomon's Temple was razed by Nebuchadnezzar. A second Temple was erected by Jews returning from the Babylonian exile in the 5th century BCE and was rebuilt and greatly enlarged by King Herod around the time of Jesus. The Western Wall (formerly known as the "Wailing Wall") is a striking remnant of the Herodian temple. After the reunification of Jerusalem in 1967, the whole area has been opened up and now a large section of the wall has been exposed, part of which can be followed through underground passages. Some of the huge Herodian ashlars are among the largest construction stones in the world.
Beneath the wall encircling the Old City, there is a deep cavern known asKing Solomon's Quarries. This was used in old times to quarry the characteristic yellow Jerusalem stone. In this cave took place, on May 13, 1868, the first recorded Masonic ceremony in the Holy Land. A group of Freemasons led by Robert Morris (Past Grand Master of Kentucky) held a meeting in the Secret Monitor Degree. At present, the cave is used to hold a Mark Master degree once or twice a year, usually conducted in English and attended by numerous Brethren from abroad.
The newly opened Museum of the History of Jerusalem, at King David's Tower, near the Old City's Jaffa Gate, gives a fascinating account of the city's 3000-year history. Other places in Israel with strong masonic connections, such as Jaffa (Joppa) and Acre (Templars), are within driving distance of Jerusalem.
There are eight Lodges working in Jerusalem, all of them under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of the State of Israel. Most work in Hebrew, but there is one working in English (Holy City Lodge #4). The Masonic Temple is located at 13 Ezrat Israel Street, off the main thoroughfare of the New City, Jaffa Road. Other attractions in Jerusalem include the Israel Museum, where the original Dead Sea Scrolls are in exhibition, among many fascinating archeological discoveries, some of them thousands of years old. The world-famous Yad Vashem memorial perpetuates the memory of the victims of the Holocaust. The recently-opened Bible Lands Museum explores the history, art, and architecture of the Holy Land throughout the ages.
A dangerously arid climate, no reliable water sources and an ever-shifting terrain: the Empty Quarter in the Arab peninsula is 650,000 km² of hostile, unforgiving desert. Witness the All-New Range Rover Sport set the fastest recorded time for a standard production SUV in one of the most treacherous terrains man and machine could face.
Horse driven carriages, and that also for entertainment purpose are nowadays almost a story of the myth in most parts of the World. Kolkata is one of the places where one can still see this happening. Its a roaring business around the Victoria Memorial Hall in weekends and on Holidays. The current picture shows 1 driver with his carriage waiting outside Victoria Memorial Hall in search of passengers.
The well designed furnicular will take hikers and skiers from Zermatt to Zermattt Paradise throughout the year. During midsummer those who can pay for the lift ticket will be rewarded with wonderful mountain views of the Matterhorn and the surrounding snow glaciers. Zermatt, Switzerland
Devin stretches her legs out before she begins training with her class.
Crayola colored pencils, Caran d'Ache soft black (noir) colored pencil, # 2 graphite pencils, Derwent soft graphite 12 pencils, ballpoint pens, and a black Sharpie marker
Canson acid-free mixed media paper
9 x 12
2014
SUN VALLEY - More than 165 members of the Los Angeles Fire Department were joined by firefighters from the neighboring cities of Burbank and Glendale on November 19, 2022, in a two-and-one-half hour battle against a Santa Ana wind-driven wildfire that quickly consumed nearly two acres of vegetation adjacent to the Golden State (I-5) Freeway at Penrose Avenue, before spreading within and heavily damaging a nearby automotive repair and salvage firm, as well as an adjacent custom cabinetry business in a pair of large adjoining metal-clad one story commercial buildings. No injuries were reported.
© Photo by Austin Gebhardt
LAFD Incident 111922-1522
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After a vehicle ran a red light in the 6800 block of Platt Ave in West Hills, it collided with a truck driven by a 79-year-old, Mr. Dennis Platt. Mr Platt was ejected from his truck onto the asphalt with such force, he suffered severe head trauma, countless fractures, and went into cardiac arrest.
At this very moment, LAFD Fire Cadet Leo Kaufman was driving by and witnessed the accident. Leo instinctively pull over and jumped out of his vehicle into a chaotic scene. He quickly evaluated his surroundings and noticed a crowd standing around a patient that was face down, bloody, and severely injured. Bystanders stood by in shock, not knowing what to do. It was clear to Leo that if no action was taken, the patient would not survive.
Fortunately, Leo knew exactly what to do thanks to his LAFD Cadet Program CPR training. He relied on his training and rolled the trauma patient onto his back, initiating life-saving CPR. Despite some vocal people in the crowd second guessing his actions and contradicting his life-saving efforts, Cadet Kaufman worked relentlessly, performing chest compressions and circulating oxygen to the brain and heart of Mr. Platt. He did not know if his actions were going to be effective but he did know it was the only way to give this patient a chance at life.
Meanwhile, your LAFD firefighters were rushing to this scene with lights and sirens. As elite medical professionals they immediately rendered scene-safety, took over medical aid, quickly triaged, treated, and transported the patient to Kaiser hospital where a team of skilled healthcare workers took over.
Mr. Platt sustained very serious injuries which are too gruesome to share in detail but it was clear, his prognosis was not promising. Mr. Platt and his wife were told he should expect to be a quadriplegic, reliant on a wheelchair for the rest of his life. However, he regained full cognition (with mild memory loss) and is able to walk assisted (mechanical and human). His incredible rehabilitation and recovery at Kaiser Hospital is a story for another time.
This incident serves as a powerful example of the importance of Bystander CPR and the Chain of Survival. The "Chain of Survival" is a metaphor used to educate the public about their vital role in helping victims of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).
The six steps in the chain of events that must occur in rapid succession to maximize the chances of survival from SCA are reliant on bystanders helping. Recognizing SCA, Calling 9-1-1 and Starting CPR are the first three steps and Cadet Kaufman's efforts to ensure all three were implemented gave Mr Platt his chance. The arrival of Your LAFD firefighter/paramedics ensured the remaining steps in the Chain of Survival were expediated, delivering Mr Platt into the skilled hands of the Kaiser Hospital staff.
Cadet Leo Kaufman, a 17-year-old young man, valiantly did what he was trained to do when it mattered most, and he did it extremely well!
Today, Your LAFD Fire Chief Kristen Crowley, with Mr and Mrs Platt, the LAFD crews on scene and Kaiser Hospital members present, was honored to present him with a Certificate of Appreciation which reads as follows:
" Leo J. Kaufman, LAFD Cadet. In recognition of your heroic courage and immediate assistance in saving a man's life during a cardiac arrest emergency on July 26, 2021, in the West Hills Community. The Los Angeles City Fire Department commends your extraordinary life-saving efforts of a citizen of the City of Los Angeles. Presented this 9th Day of August, 2022"
We hope reading about the actions of Cadet Leo Kaufman encourages you to Learn CPR because you could be the difference between life and death for someone needing help as desperately as Mr Platt did that fateful day
© Photo by Brandon Taylor
LAFD Event: 080922
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