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Dieser Doktorhut hat eine Geschichte - die Dissertation dazu gibt's auf Qucosa: tud.qucosa.de. Die DOI der Dissertation lautet dx.doi.org/10.25368/2018.2.
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Dissertations of the Prophecies by Thomas Newton 1758.
Which have remarkably been fulfilled and at this time are fulfilling in the world.
Dr. Thomas Newton, Chaplain to His Majesty and Her Royal Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales.
Printed for J. And R. Tonson in the Strand, London. Half Leather on marbled boards, 443 pages.
Metempsychosis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Greek concept of the transmigration of the soul. For the general concept, see Reincarnation.
A section of Metempsychosis (1923) by Yokoyama Taikan; a drop of water from the vapours in the sky transforms into a mountain stream, which flows into a great river and on into the sea, whence rises a dragon (pictured) that turns back to vapour; National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (Important Cultural Property)[1]
Metempsychosis (Greek: μετεμψύχωσις) is a philosophical term in the Greek language referring to transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death. Generally, the term is only used within the context of ancient Greek philosophy, but has also been used by modern philosophers such as Arthur Schopenhauer[2] and Kurt Gödel;[3] otherwise, the term "transmigration" is more appropriate. The word plays a prominent role in James Joyce's Ulysses and is also associated with Nietzsche.[4] Another term sometimes used synonymously is palingenesis.
Contents [hide]
1Europe before the pre-Socratic philosophers
2In Greek philosophy
3In literature after the classical era
4See also
5References
6External links
Europe before the pre-Socratic philosophers[edit]
It is unclear how the doctrine of metempsychosis arose in Greece. It is easiest to assume that earlier ideas which had never been extinguished were utilized for religious and philosophic purposes. The Orphic religion, which held it, first appeared in Thrace upon the semi-barbarous north-eastern frontier. Orpheus, its legendary founder, is said to have taught that soul and body are united by a compact unequally binding on either; the soul is divine, immortal and aspires to freedom, while the body holds it in fetters as a prisoner. Death dissolves this compact, but only to re-imprison the liberated soul after a short time: for the wheel of birth revolves inexorably. Thus the soul continues its journey, alternating between a separate unrestrained existence and fresh reincarnation, round the wide circle of necessity, as the companion of many bodies of men and animals." To these unfortunate prisoners Orpheus proclaims the message of liberation, that they stand in need of the grace of redeeming gods and of Dionysus in particular, and calls them to turn to God by ascetic piety of life and self-purification: the purer their lives the higher will be their next reincarnation, until the soul has completed the spiral ascent of destiny to live for ever as God from whom it comes. Such was the teaching of Orphism which appeared in Greece about the 6th century BC, organized itself into private and public mysteries at Eleusis and elsewhere, and produced a copious literature.[5][6][7]
In Greek philosophy[edit]
The earliest Greek thinker with whom metempsychosis is connected is Pherecydes of Syros;[8] but Pythagoras, who is said to have been his pupil, is its first famous philosophic exponent. Pythagoras is not believed to have invented the doctrine or to have imported it from Egypt. Instead he made his reputation by bringing the Orphic doctrine from North-Eastern Hellas to Magna Graecia, and creating societies for its diffusion.
The real weight and importance of metempsychosis in Western tradition is due to its adoption by Plato.[citation needed] In the eschatological myth which closes the Republic he tells the myth how Er, the son of Armenius, miraculously returned to life on the twelfth day after death and recounted the secrets of the other world. After death, he said, he went with others to the place of Judgment and saw the souls returning from heaven, and proceeded with them to a place where they chose new lives, human and animal. He saw the soul of Orpheus changing into a swan, Thamyras becoming a nightingale, musical birds choosing to be men, the soul of Atalanta choosing the honours of an athlete. Men were seen passing into animals and wild and tame animals changing into each other. After their choice the souls drank of Lethe and then shot away like stars to their birth. There are myths and theories to the same effect in other dialogues, the Phaedrus, Meno, Phaedo, Timaeus and Laws.[citation needed] In Plato's view the number of souls was fixed; birth therefore is never the creation of a soul, but only a transmigration from one body to another.[9] Plato's acceptance of the doctrine is characteristic of his sympathy with popular beliefs and desire to incorporate them in a purified form into his system.[citation needed] The extent of Plato's belief in metempsychosis has been debated by some scholars in modern times. Marsilio Ficino (Platonic Theology 17.3–4), for one, argued that Plato's references to metempsychosis were intended allegorically.
In later Greek literature the doctrine appears from time to time; it is mentioned in a fragment of Menander (the Inspired Woman) and satirized by Lucian (Gallus 18 seq.). In Roman literature it is found as early as Ennius,[10] who in his Calabrian home must have been familiar with the Greek teachings which had descended to his times from the cities of Magna Graecia. In a lost passage of his Annals, a Roman history in verse, Ennius told how he had seen Homer in a dream, who had assured him that the same soul which had animated both the poets had once belonged to a peacock. Persius in one of his satires (vi. 9) laughs at Ennius for this: it is referred to also by Lucretius (i. 124) and by Horace (Epist. II. i. 52). Virgil works the idea into his account of the Underworld in the sixth book of the Aeneid (vv. 724 sqq.). It persists in antiquity down to the latest classic thinkers, Plotinus and the other Neoplatonists.
In literature after the classical era[edit]
"Metempsychosis" is the title of a longer work by the metaphysical poet John Donne, written in 1601.[11] The poem, also known as the Infinitati Sacrum,[12] consists of two parts, the "Epistle" and "The Progress of the Soule". In the first line of the latter part, Donne writes that he "sing[s] of the progresse of a deathlesse soule".[12]
Metempsychosis is a prominent theme in Edgar Allan Poe's 1832 short story "Metzengerstein".[13] Poe returns to metempsychosis again in "Morella" (1835)[14] and "The Oval Portrait" (1842).[15]
Metempsychosis is referred to prominently in the concluding paragraph of Chapter 98, "Stowing Down and Clearing Up", of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.
Herbert Giles uses the term metempsychosis in his translation of the butterfly dream from the Zhuangzi (Chinese: 《莊子》).[16] The use of this term is contested by Hans Georg Möller, though, who claims that a better translation is “the changing of things”.[17]
Metempsychosis is a recurring theme in James Joyce's modernist novel Ulysses (1922).[18] In Joycean fashion, the word famously appears in Leopold Bloom's inner monologue, recalling how his wife, Molly Bloom, apparently mispronounced it earlier that day as "met him pike hoses."[19]
In Thomas Pynchon's 1963 premiere novel V., metempsychosis is mentioned in reference to the book "The Search for Bridey Murphy" by Morey Bernstein, and also later in chapter eight.
Metempsychosis is referenced in Don DeLillo's 1982 novel The Names.
In David Foster Wallace's 1996 novel Infinite Jest, the name of the character Madame Psychosis is a pun that alludes to metempsychosis.
Guy de Maupassant's story "Le docteur Héraclius Gloss" (1875) is a fable about metempsychosis.
In Marcel Proust's famous first paragraph from In Search of Lost Time, the narrator compares his separation from the subject of a book to the process of metempsychosis.
See also[edit]
Yazidis
Zalmoxis
Ya’furiyya Shia
Gilgul
Saṃsāra Métempsycose : migration des âmes après la mort vers un nouveau corps.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Masterpieces". National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Schopenhauer, A: "Parerga und Paralipomena" (Eduard Grisebach edition), On Religion, Section 177
Jump up ^ Gödel Exhibition: Gödel's Century
Jump up ^ Nietzsche and the Doctrine of Metempsychosis, in J. Urpeth & J. Lippitt, Nietzsche and the Divine, Manchester: Clinamen, 2000
Jump up ^ Linforth, Ivan M. (1941) The Arts of Orpheus Arno Press, New York, OCLC 514515
Jump up ^ Long, Herbert S. (1948) A Study of the doctrine of metempsychosis in Greece, from Pythagoras to Plato (Long's 1942 PhD dissertation) Princeton, New Jersey, OCLC 1472399
Jump up ^ Long, Herbert S. (16 February 1948) "Plato's Doctrine of Metempsychosis and Its Source" The Classical Weekly 41(10): pp. 149—155
Jump up ^ Schibli, S., Hermann, Pherekydes of Syros, p. 104, Oxford Univ. Press 2001
Jump up ^ "That is the conclusion, I said; and if a true conclusion, then the souls must always be the same, for if none be destroyed they will not diminish in number." Republic X, 611. The Republic of Plato By Plato, Benjamin Jowett Edition: 3 Published by Clarendon press, 1888.
Jump up ^ Poesch, Jessie (1962) "Ennius and Basinio of Parma" Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 25(1/2): pp. 116—118, page 117, FN15
Jump up ^ Collins, Siobhán (2005) "Bodily Formations and Reading Strategies in John Donne's Metempsychosis" Critical Studies 26: pp. 191—208, page 191
^ Jump up to: a b full text of Metempsychosis or Infinitati Sacrum from Luminarium Editions
Jump up ^ Bonaparte, Marie (1949) The life and works of Edgar Allan Poe: a psycho-analytic interpretation Imago, London, page 273, OCLC 1398764
Jump up ^ Roderick, Phillip L. (2006) The Fall of the House of Poe: And Other Essays iUniverse, New York, page 22, ISBN 0-595-39567-8
Jump up ^ Quinn, Patrick F. (1971) The French face of Edgar Poe (2nd edition) Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois, page 272, ISBN 0-8093-0500-3
Jump up ^ Giles, Herbert (1889). Chuang Tzŭ: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer. B. Quaritch.
Jump up ^ Möller, Hans Georg (2011). Daoism Explained: From the Dream of the Butterfly to the Fishnet Allegory. Open Court. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-8126-9750-6.
Jump up ^ List of occurrences of Metempsychosis in Ulysses
Jump up ^ Cf. Joyce, Ulysses, §8 Lestrygonians
External links[edit]
The Columbia Encyclopedia: Transmigration of souls or Metempsychosis
The Catholic Encyclopedia: Metempsychosis
Jewish view of reincarnation
Did Plato Believe in Reincarnation?
Source: Thülemeyer, Heinrich Günther von, 1642-1714. Responsum iuris ad quaestionem propositam, in quo non solum clarissime demonstratur quod in causis ecclesiasticis, et in specie canonicalibus et praebendariis a statibus imperii evangelicis ([Germany : s.n.], 1723); 20 cm. Call # German dissertations #15.
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The cover to Henry Wellcome's dissertation. Placed on and around the Wellcome Trust building in central London
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(l-r) Jason Stanley, Bob Matthews, Walter Dean, Paul Benacerraf, Rohit Parikh
They're all glad it's over!
I finally got around to sending my dissertation for bounding, almost a year after it was finished and signed.
A bit thin, ain't it? should have asked for some empty pages inserted in the middle. Nobody will ever actually look inside.
The work-in-progress stack, all relating to an argument I'm trying to piece together for part of my dissertation.
Since my solo exhibition for MA I've got lots paper work to do such as dissertation, statement , portfolio something like that.
Spontaneously I haven't got time for drawing which means my life is getting boring.
정현 선생님 말씀 중에 논문은 비행과 같다는 비유. 지금 경험하고 있다.
처음으로 논문 개요, 목차 정하고 연구 자료 모으면서 정신없고 설레이고 했는데.
한동안 열심히 쓰고나니 이제 landing 직전 마지막 터뷸런스를 통과하고 있는 듯 하다. 속도를 줄이고 마지막까지 찬찬히 들여다보면서 마무리 해야지...
논문 심사만 끝나면 당장 통의동으로 달려가서 흰 종이위에 흑연 파우더 벅벅 발라서 그림그리고 싶다...
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Li Lin Doctoral dissertation, from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, participating on the Joint Program of Doctor of Management between UESTC and ISCTE-IUL.
The doctoral dissertation took place at ISCTE-IUL on the 18th of May of 2012. Hugo Alexandre Cruz photography.
Li Lin Doctoral dissertation, from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, participating on the Joint Program of Doctor of Management between UESTC and ISCTE-IUL.
The doctoral dissertation took place at ISCTE-IUL on the 18th of May of 2012. Hugo Alexandre Cruz photography.
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My dissertation handin is in 3 days. This is what I have to keep me alive until then.
Note that I do, of course, have a lot of coffee, but that's in the kitchen.
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Li Lin Doctoral dissertation, from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, participating on the Joint Program of Doctor of Management between UESTC and ISCTE-IUL.
The doctoral dissertation took place at ISCTE-IUL on the 18th of May of 2012. Hugo Alexandre Cruz photography.
Клевенский М. М. История библиотеки Московского публичного и Румянцевского музея (1862–1917) / Клевенский М.М. ; науч. рук. канд. пед. наук, доцент В.Е.Васильченко ; Государственная ордена Ленина библиотека СССР им. В. И. Ленина : диссертация … кандидата пед. наук.– Москва,1951.– 331 с.
Диссертация Клевенского посвящена истории Российской государственной библиотеки в 1962–1917 г.г. В ту пору она называлась Московский публичный и Румянцевский музеи. В работе скрупулезно описаны источники комплектования и организация фондов, правила обслуживания читателей. Приведены образцы карточек алфавитного каталога того времени. Диссертация проиллюстрирована старыми фотографиями, интересны приложения к работе, среди которых выделяется Устав Московского публичного и Румянцевского музея. Кстати, Марк Митрофанович один из тех, кто ушел из библиотеки на фронт: тяжело раненный, он вернулся сюда после войны, написал эту монографию, работал заведующим отделом хранения, заместителем директора. Внес большой вклад в изучение и организацию фондов библиотеки и их пропаганду, развитие культурных связей РГБ (тогда ГБЛ) с зарубежными учреждениями.
Li Lin Doctoral dissertation, from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, participating on the Joint Program of Doctor of Management between UESTC and ISCTE-IUL.
The doctoral dissertation took place at ISCTE-IUL on the 18th of May of 2012. Hugo Alexandre Cruz photography.