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En dialecto Cumanagoto “Chakau” significa “Arena”, y hace referencia al suelo del fértil valle que era dominado por el cacique.
Chacao tiene como punto de partida la vida del cacique Chacao: valiente jefe indígena de origen Caribe, temido y respetado por los conquistadores españoles, que controlaba amplias zonas del centro y este de lo que hoy conocemos como el valle de Caracas.
Según cuenta la tradición, Chacao entregó su vida durante un ataque a un campamento de soldados españoles, al rescatar a dos niños indígenas que fueron secuestrados por los conquistadores para provocar la confrontación con el jefe indígena. Durante la batalla, Chacao logra liberar a los pequeños pero cae herido de muerte, acabando así con el último bastión de resistencia indígena en Caracas.
Al fundar la ciudad de Caracas, el 25 de julio de 1567, el conquistador Diego de Losada incluyó en su jurisdicción a esa fértil llanura, que muchos visitantes, como el barón Alejandro Von Humboldt, llegaron a considerar como sitio ideal para la conformación de una ciudad.
El primer asentamiento criollo en la zona se fundó casi un siglo después, debido a la inmigración de damnificados del terremoto de San Bernabé, que dejó a Caracas en ruinas el 11 de junio de 1641.
Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Municipal del 15 de junio de 1989, la figura del Distrito Sucre desaparece, naciendo el Municipio Sucre actual, el cual es desmembrado de su parte occidental, creándose así tres nuevos municipios foráneos: Baruta, El Hatillo y Chacao.
The Shetland Dictionary wis set furth in 1979 an this ootgie is fae The Shetland Times Ltd (ISBN 0-900662-93-X).
This dictionar gies the by-leid, or dialect, as spoken in the Shetland Isles.
Photie bi Dr Dauvit Horsbroch.
"Nuremberg (/ˈnjʊərəmbɜːrɡ/ NURE-əm-burg; German: Nürnberg [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch [ˈnɛmbɛrç]) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 545,000 inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.
Nuremberg sits on the Pegnitz, which carries the name Regnitz from its confluence with the Rednitz in Fürth onwards (Pegnitz→ Regnitz→ Main→ Rhine→ North Sea), and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, that connects the North Sea to the Black Sea. Lying in the Bavarian administrative region of Middle Franconia, it is the largest city and unofficial capital of the entire cultural region of Franconia. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Reichswald, a large forest, and in the north lies Knoblauchsland (garlic land), an extensive vegetable growing area and cultural landscape.
The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of Fürth, Erlangen and Schwabach, which is the heart of an urban area region with around 1.4 million inhabitants, while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has a population of approximately 3.6 million. It is the largest city in the East Franconian dialect area (colloquially: "Franconian"; German: Fränkisch).
Nuremberg and Fürth were once connected by the Bavarian Ludwig Railway, the first steam-hauled and overall second railway opened in Germany (1835). Today, the U1 of the Nuremberg Subway, which is the first German subway with driverless, automatically moving railcars, runs along this route. Nuremberg Airport (Flughafen Nürnberg "Albrecht Dürer") is the second-busiest airport in Bavaria after Munich Airport, and the tenth-busiest airport of the country.
Institutions of higher education in Nuremberg include the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), Germany's 11th-largest university, with campuses in Erlangen and Nuremberg and a university hospital in Erlangen (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen), Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm and Hochschule für Musik Nürnberg. The Nuremberg exhibition centre (Messe Nürnberg) is one of the biggest convention center companies in Germany and operates worldwide.
Nuremberg Castle and the city's walls, with their many towers, are among the most impressive in Europe. Staatstheater Nürnberg is one of the five Bavarian state theatres, showing operas, operettas, musicals, and ballets (main venue: Nuremberg Opera House), plays (main venue: Schauspielhaus Nürnberg), as well as concerts (main venue: Meistersingerhalle). Its orchestra, the Staatsphilharmonie Nürnberg, is Bavaria's second-largest opera orchestra after the Bavarian State Opera's Bavarian State Orchestra in Munich. Nuremberg is the birthplace of Albrecht Dürer and Johann Pachelbel. 1. FC Nürnberg is the most famous football club of the city and one of the most successful football clubs in Germany. Nuremberg was one of the host cities of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).
Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.
Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.
Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.
The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Carinthia, Republic Of Austria.
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (official name; until 2008 and further briefly just Klagenfurt , Slovenian Celovec ob Vrbskem jezeru ) is a large city in the south of Austria and the state capital of the Austrian state of Carinthia . In the local Bavarian-Austrian dialect her name is pronounced Klognfuat . With 104,332 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2023), it is the largest city in Carinthia and the sixth largest city in Austria . The urban area is located in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and currently has an area of 120 km².
Klagenfurt was first mentioned in documents in 1192/1199 and was of little relevance until Maximilian I donated the city to the Carinthian estates in 1518. This donation and the subsequent Protestant Reformation movement of the 16th century meant a steep rise for the city: Klagenfurt became the capital of Carinthia, and numerous buildings that are still important today, such as the country house and the cathedral, were built.
Today the statutory city of Klagenfurt is the seat of, among other things, the Carinthian state government , the Klagenfurt-Land district administration , the Diocese of Gurk , the Alpine-Adria University of Klagenfurt , the Gustav Mahler Private University of Music , an international airport and a location for the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences as well as numerous other companies and institutions, including those of the Carinthian Slovenes . Klagenfurt is also important for tourism due to its attractive city center with squares and old town buildings as well as cultural offerings and proximity to Lake Wörthersee .
Geography
Location
Klagenfurt is located on the Klagenfurter Feld in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and extends for around 15 km in a north-south and east-west direction. The city covers the entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee, the areas north of it are part of the Feldkirchen-Moosburg hill country and the Glantal mountain country. Parts of the northern district of Wölfnitz already belong to Zollfeld , the south of Klagenfurt lies at the foot of the Sattnitz ridge.
The city center is about 450 m above sea level; The highest point within the municipality is the Ulrichsberg at 1022 m above sea level. A. , the deepest is the Gurkerbrücke (420 m) on the eastern border of the city.
Around a third of the 120 km² municipal area is designated as agricultural area (33.4%) or forest (32.9%). 19.3% of Klagenfurt's area is used as building land , 2.2% is water and 1.3% is gardens. The remaining 10.9% fall under “other types of use”, which includes, among other things, transport routes , mining areas and wasteland .
The Adriatic is only about 150 kilometers away from Klagenfurt; Trieste can be reached via the motorway in around two hours.
Geology
The entire Klagenfurt Basin was filled by the Drau Glacier during the Ice Age . After the ice masses melted, alluvial fans of the Glan formed the subsoil of today's northern urban area and the Zollfeld, consisting of Ice Age gravel. At the same time, Lake Wörthersee was created, which around 4,000 years ago reached into today's city center, where a large moor area was formed through gradual silting up . The hills in the north of the city consist mainly of old crystalline mica schists and Paleozoic phyllites , green slates and limestone, while the Sattnitz ridge south of Klagenfurt consists of conglomerates .
Bodies of Water
In the north of the city, the Glan flows through Klagenfurt in a west-east direction, in the east the Gurk touches the Hörtendorf district , shortly before it joins the Glan in Ebenthal . There are two canals in the city center that were artificially created in the 16th century: the Lendkanal , which still connects the center with Lake Wörthersee today, and the Feuerbach , which is now almost completely absorbed into the city's underground sewer system. Flowing through the southern districts, the 8.8 km long Glanfurt (popularly “Sattnitz”) drains Lake Wörthersee into the Glan. Other, smaller rivers include the Kerbach, the Raba and the Struga, Wölfnitz and Viktringer Bach.
The entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee belongs to the urban area of Klagenfurt, which has used the name of the lake in its own name since mid-2007. There are also a number of ponds in Klagenfurt. The Hallegg ponds , which lie in a nature reserve below Hallegg Castle , are among the largest.
City structure
Until 1848, the urban area only included today's Inner City ; with the formation of political communities in Austria, the immediately adjacent four suburbs (St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Viktringer and Villacher Vorstadt) were added to Klagenfurt in 1850. Apart from a smaller city expansion in 1893, Klagenfurt only reached its current size in the 20th century through the incorporation of previously independent communities in 1938 (districts IX to XII) and 1973 (districts XIII to XV).
The four districts of the inner city roughly form a square made up of squares that are numbered clockwise starting at the top left (in the northwest corner). The next four districts (5-8) enclose the square in a roughly circular shape, the numbering starts at the top, in the north and goes to the right. The same applies to the larger districts 9 to 12, which in turn form a belt of sectors in the main cardinal directions. The three outermost and youngest districts, like all zones, are numbered to the right, but stand out discreetly like wings and are therefore not connected to each other; The count now starts in the south (southwest) with 13, runs through 14 in the northwest to the relatively small 15th district in the east.
The city consists of a total of 25 cadastral municipalities , in brackets the unofficial Slovenian names and the areas in hectares (as of December 31, 2021):
Bubble Village ( Blaznja vas , 241.49 ha)
Ehrenthal (548.85 ha)
Goritschitzen ( Goričica , 571.21 ha)
Großbuch (446.46 ha)
Großponfeld (664.94 ha)
Gurlitsch I* (632.51 ha)
Hallegg ( Helek , 425.55 ha)
Hörtendorf ( Trdnja vas , 946.61 ha)
Klagenfurt (629.53 ha)
Kleinbuch (220.95 ha)
Lendorf ( Dhovše , 579.55 ha)
Marolla (977.91 ha)
Nagra (201.44 ha)
Neudorf ( Nova vas , 658.90 ha)
St. Martin near Klagenfurt (349.02 ha)
St. Peter am Karlsberg (353.84 ha)
St. Peter near Ebenthal (358.99 ha)
St. Peter near Tentschach (246.63 ha)
St. Ruprecht near Klagenfurt (653.30 ha)
Stone ( Zakamen , 267.30 ha)
Tentschach (222.56 ha)
Viktring ( Vetrinj , 369.22 ha)
Waidmannsdorf ( Otoče , 422.75 ha)
Waltendorf ( Vapoča vas , 442.94 ha)
Welzenegg (579.38 ha)
* (Gurlitsch II is a cadastral community in the neighboring community of Krumpendorf.)
Climate
Klagenfurt has a temperate continental climate with relatively large temperature fluctuations between the seasons. Due to the inversion weather conditions prevailing in the Klagenfurt Basin, an above-average and often long-lasting formation of haze and fog is typical for this area. In early and mid-autumn this is predominantly ground fog, while in late autumn and winter mostly high-level fog occurs. A general lack of wind is also characteristic. The winters, which are cold compared to the Austrian average, can be temporarily alleviated by the foehn through the Karawanken Mountains to the south .
The long-term mean annual temperature (determined between 1961 and 1990) is 7.7 °C. The average temperature in Klagenfurt in 2007 was 9.7 °C.
History
Origin of name and founding legend
Etymologically, the name Klagenfurt has a Romanesque origin and came into German via Slovenian. Heinz-Dieter Pohl has linguistically reconstructed the formation of the Slovenian name Celovec for Klagenfurt, first documented in 1615 as V Zelovzi . The starting point for this was a Romanesque l'aquiliu meaning “place by the water” - but what was meant was not Lake Wörthersee, but the River Glan . The original Romansh form was initially transformed into la quiliu and adopted into Slavic without an article. According to phonetic laws, it became cvilj- . This was expanded with the ending -ovec , which is common in field and place names, which created Cviljovec . The similar-sounding Slovenian word cvilja meant something like 'lamentation'. In Slovenian, the name Cviljovec was reinterpreted in folk etymology as the “place of laments ”, which is reflected in German in the loan translation Klagenfurt. Other derivations are therefore not applicable, such as the one advocated by Eberhard Kranzmayer about a lament woman cvilja (= lament), one of the legendary Slavic ford and water women who did their laundry at streams and springs wash and mourn deaths, or from the Glan, according to which a Glanfurt would be the origin of the name. What is overlooked is that there actually is a river called Glanfurt , which was called Lanquart until the 16th century and is now also called Sattnitz (Slovene: formerly: Lank(a)rt, today: Sotnica, or more commonly: Jezernica = Seebach). . It is the outflow of Lake Wörthersee.
An even older derivation, which comes from the time of humanism, names the Latin name of the Roman city Claudiforum or Forum Claudii as the original name and refers to Roman sources. The name Klagenfurt is said to have developed from this. In fact, a Roman city, Virunum , founded by the Emperor Claudius , existed north of the present urban area. Today it is clear that Forum Claudii was an alternative name for Virunum and that there was no Roman city in the area of today's Klagenfurt.
Lindwurm fountain : representation of the founding legend
The founding legend of Klagenfurt tells of a dragon that lived in a swamp and fed on people from the surrounding towns who approached it. The monster could only be killed through a trick: a tower was built, at the top of which an ox was chained as bait, the chain also being equipped with a large hook. When the dragon came out of its swamp to eat the ox, it got caught on the chain and was killed. This legend finds its heraldic expression in the city coat of arms of Klagenfurt and its artistic expression in the Lindwurm fountain .
Early settlements in today's urban area
The first traces of clearing and settlement in today's urban area date back to the period between 4000 and 2000 BC. Evidenced by finds in Lendorf, Waidmannsdorf and Viktring. Traces of settlements can be found from the Bronze Age ( dugout tree finds in the moor at the foot of the Sattnitz) as well as the urn field culture and the Hallstatt period (Wölfnitz and Waidmannsdorf). For a long time, only areas that towered over the marshy landscape in which today's city center is located were considered as settlement areas. The hills in the north of today's urban area were particularly suitable for this.
and the early
There is no evidence of any significant settlements in the area of today's Klagenfurt in ancient times . The center of power for this region both during the Celtic Noricum period and during the period of Roman occupation, which began in 45 BC. From the 6th century BC to the 6th century ( Virunum ), it was located on the Zollfeld north of today's Klagenfurt . Nevertheless, sporadic Roman settlements arose here too, for example on the Spitalsberg the remains of a villa and graves from Roman times were found
Unlike many towns in Carinthia, where evidence of the immigration of Slavs into the area of today's Carinthia, which took place from the end of the migration , can also be proven using place names, there is hardly any evidence of this in Klagenfurt. Nevertheless, it is assumed that today's urban area was connected to the Carolingian-Franconian Palatinate of Karnburg (Civitas Carantana), which was built around the year 828. In the course of the Christianization of Carinthia, the church foundations of Maria Saal in Zollfeld by the diocese of Salzburg and Maria Wörth were significant, but there is no evidence of any foundations on the eastern bank of Lake Wörthersee at this time.
After Carinthia was made a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire in 976, numerous monasteries were founded in the 11th century. But it was only in the first half of the 12th century that Klagenfurt became important: the Spanheimers , who had been wealthy in Carinthia since the middle of the 11th century and were the Carinthian dukes between the years 1122 and 1279, had gradually acquired parts of today's city area . Count Bernhard founded the Cistercian monastery of Viktring in 1142 and initiated settlement in its surroundings.
Founding of the city
The Carinthian dukes Hermann († 1181) and Bernhard von Spanheim († 1256) are considered the founders of Klagenfurt. Hermann is seen as the founder of the Klagenfurt market, which was built on the southern edge of the Zollfeld in the area of today's Spitalsberg . This settlement was first mentioned between June 1192 and March 1199 as the monastery of St. Paul was granted toll exemption “in foro Chlagenuurt”. However, the newly founded town was in the flood plain of the Glan and was repeatedly flooded. Bernhard von Spanheim took this as an opportunity to re-establish the settlement in a flood-proof area in 1246. Klagenfurt was rebuilt in the area around today's Old Square and received city rights in 1252.
To protect the city, a castle (first mentioned in documents in 1268) and a six meter high city wall were built, in front of which a four meter deep and ten meter wide ditch was dug. The castle probably stood on the site of today's country house and was administered by ministerials who were called castle keepers (“castellanus de Chlagenfurt”). The first documented priest in Klagenfurt (Dominus Friedericus, 1255) was still vicar of Maria Saal . The first church in Klagenfurt was probably today's parish church of Klagenfurt-St. Egid , who was the patron saint of St. in the 14th century. Egidius accepted (documented 1347); The Holy Spirit Church with a cemetery and hospital was built outside the city walls (documented in 1355 and 1381).
Klagenfurt had only a small population compared to other cities in Carinthia and remained in the shadow of the capital St. Veit and the commercial center of Villach until the 16th century .
Donation of Klagenfurt to the estates
At the beginning of the 16th century, Carinthia only played a minor role within the inner Austrian states, because for long stretches the office of governor was not even occupied. The Roman-German king and later emperor Maximilian I came to their extensive inheritance after the Gorizia people died out in 1500. On the one hand, the absence of a sovereign helped the Carinthian estates to gain a stronger political position, but on the other hand, they had to struggle with peasant revolts at the time, which flared up again in the country in 1515 and during which the state capital St. Veit proved to be less than reliable.
In 1514 Klagenfurt was almost completely destroyed by fire. The estates asked the emperor, who had now also become sovereign, to give them the city in order to turn it into a bulwark against enemies from within and without. Maximilian complied with this wish, in the “Gabbrief” of April 24, 1518, he donated the city, including the castle and citizens, to the estates, while at the same time revoking all civil privileges.
The estates rebuilt the city and commissioned Domenico dell'Allio to plan city fortifications . The financing of this undertaking was significantly supported by Ferdinand I's leasing of the sovereign mint in 1529 and its relocation from St. Veit to Klagenfurt soon afterwards. The Lend Canal , an artificial waterway from Lake Wörthersee to the city, had already been created in 1527 and was used to transport goods, flood the moat and serve as a fire-fighting water reservoir. A second, much smaller canal, the so-called Feuerbach , brought Glanwasser into the city, which was available in two open channels and was also used to transport waste. The previous “Galgentratte” became the new center of the city as “Neuer Platz”. The streets around it were laid out in a checkerboard pattern. Important representative buildings such as the country house (from 1574) and today's cathedral (from 1581), which was built as a Protestant church, were built. In 1587, due to the ever-increasing tasks of the city administration, the judge and council asked the estates to appoint a mayor. As a result, Christoph Windisch (* ? – † 1597) was appointed the first mayor of the corporative city of Klagenfurt. By the end of the 16th century, Klagenfurt had grown into the most modern and strongest fortress city in the region.
Burgfriedstein at the Sattnitzbauern onQuellenstrasse
The city's sphere of influence included extensive areas of the hinterland and smaller towns outside the city fortifications. They formed the Klagenfurt castle keep , which was administered by the city judge. It stretched from St. Primus in the north to the swampy landscape of Glanfurt in the south and from the Glan in the east to the village of Waidmannsdorf in the west of the city. Not a single castle was built in this area; the noble residences of this type were all outside the keep boundaries.
Reformation and
In the course of the second half of the 16th century, large parts of the population and almost all of the Carinthian estates had joined the Lutheran Reformation movement ; in Klagenfurt one can speak of a consistently Protestant population as early as the 1570s.
The new doctrine was proclaimed both in St. Egid and in the Church of the Holy Spirit, and the newly built Trinity Church, later the Catholic cathedral, was also used as a Protestant church after its completion. While the Catholic Habsburgs, as sovereigns, were initially almost powerless in the face of this development, from around 1580 they initially hesitantly implemented the Counter-Reformation together with the Catholic Church in 1595, then with all their might after Archduke Ferdinand came to power. Citizens were given the choice of returning to Catholicism or leaving the country, books were burned and Protestant churches were temporarily closed.
The Trinity Church, which was closed in November 1600, was given to the Jesuits and reopened by them in April 1604 and consecrated to Saints Peter and Paul. Above all, the Jesuits, but also other orders that were part of the Counter-Reformation, shaped the intellectual and cultural development as well as with numerous new church and monastery buildings (St. Mary's Church with Franciscan monastery in 1617, Capuchin church and monastery in 1646, redesign of St. Egid and St . Peter and Paul etc.) the face of the city.
After the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773, Klagenfurt became the seat of the Gurk Cathedral Chapter in 1787/93.
End of Estate Rule, French Wars and March Revolution
The estates had already lost power with Maria Theresa's administrative reform . Since 1748, the city administration was no longer subject to the estate councilors and the burgrave . State authorities had taken their place. The state of Carinthia was divided into three districts and the “castle” was now the seat of a district office. In 1782, Klagenfurt lost its position as state capital after Joseph II placed all of Carinthia administratively under the Gubernium of Graz.
The square, planned layout of the old city center, shown here on a map from around 1735 with the city walls and city gates razed in 1809, can still be clearly seen on today's plans.
During the Napoleonic Wars, Klagenfurt was occupied by French troops in 1797 and in 1805 and 1809/1810. Before they left, Napoleon's Württemberg sappers blew up the city walls. The Völkermarkter Tor was the only one of the city gates that remained intact, but it had to give way to road expansion in 1867. Massive causeway bridges were built in place of the blown-up city gates. Today only a small remnant of the fortification wall and the city moat remains. However, the location of the city walls can still be clearly seen on today's “ring” around the city center.
Even though there were only sporadic acts of war in the country during the wars, this period and the years that followed marked an economic decline. From an urban planning perspective, however, the demolition of the fortifications also opened up new perspectives. A city map from 1827 shows the merging of the city center with its four suburbs: St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Villacher and Viktringer Vorstadt. In addition to the formation of districts, Klagenfurt was also a vital city in the pre-industrial period in terms of its social structure, its culture and its relationship to the surrounding area.
On the political stage, Klagenfurt and the now divided Carinthia were of little importance during the Metternich era . This was only to change again after the revolutionary year of 1848 , when Carinthia became an independent crown state again with the headquarters of a state parliament and a state government in Klagenfurt. After Klagenfurt became a city with its own statute in 1850, the second city expansion took place after more than 300 years as part of the general restructuring of the state and the country and the associated creation of local communities as the smallest self-governing bodies.
However, the hoped-for unification of Klagenfurt with numerous surrounding towns did not initially materialize; the neighbors saw no advantage in this and preferred status as an independent rural community. In addition to the inner city, the new municipality only comprised its four suburbs, including the “rural town of Spitalmühle”. Not even the entire truce had come to Klagenfurt: even the Kreuzbergl area of the “Wölfnitzberg” remained in the cadastral community of St. Martin and became part of the new local community of St. Martin near Klagenfurt . In 1850, the first Klagenfurt local council chose the 51-year-old lawyer Andreas Koller , who had just been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order , as city leader.
Technological age
In 1863, Klagenfurt was connected to the Southern Railway network , and the resulting economic stimulus made Klagenfurt the center of Carinthia. The outdated, damaged water pipe, fed by the Feuerbach and the Sattnitz springs, was taken over by the city and improved. In 1864, Ferdinand Jergitsch founded the first volunteer fire department in Carinthia, a model organization for numerous cities in the k. u.k. Monarchy. The city ditches were partly filled in and built over, the agricultural area was expanded through drainage and the city was enlarged, including the former suburbs and surrounding communities, first to the east and later to the west towards Lake Wörthersee.
In the course of the busy construction activity, the Protestant Johanneskirche (1863–1866), the Carinthian State Museum (1884), the large school buildings (Hasner, Benedictine and West schools, secondary school, trade school, “Kucherhof” agricultural school), the state hospital (1895) and the new “Jubiläumsstadttheater” (1910). The economic rise was also documented by the first Carinthian state exhibition in 1885, at which 1,329 exhibiting companies presented their services to around 100,000 visitors. This laid the foundation for today's Klagenfurt Trade Fair.
In 1896, however, the city administration rejected the electrification of the city and the establishment of a railway directorate in Klagenfurt. Only after long negotiations was the basis for a power grid laid. In 1903, the city's streets received electric lighting instead of the incandescent gas lights that previously illuminated the streets. The horse-drawn tram set up in 1891 was replaced by the electric Klagenfurt tram from 1911 onwards . The railway management, on the other hand, had now established itself in Villach , making its western neighbor a “railway town”.
The First World War and its consequences for Klagenfurt
The First World War interrupted the city's rise. After Italy entered the war in 1915, Klagenfurt was not directly on the front of the mountain war and was therefore spared from the immediate war, but was subsequently flooded by returning soldiers. 2,214 people from Klagenfurt died as soldiers during the war. In addition, the SHS state that emerged after the end of the war claimed parts of southern Carinthia and Lower Styria, relying on the Slovenian population. His troops crossed the demarcation line and occupied Klagenfurt on June 6, 1919. For security reasons, the Carinthian state government had recently been temporarily relocated to Spittal an der Drau and later to St. Veit an der Glan. The troops had to withdraw again at the end of July 1919 after a referendum was held at the Paris Peace Conference on the fate of the disputed areas. The plebiscite of October 10, 1920 ultimately resulted in a clear majority for Carinthia and the Republic of Austria.
The economic consequences of the war - inflation and high unemployment - initially slowed down the further development of the city, which at times was unable to pay even the wages of its employees.
Period of National Socialism and the Second World War
With the “annexation” of Austria to the German Reich, Klagenfurt became the capital of the Carinthian district on March 12, 1938 ( Reichsgau from March 1, 1938 ). From October 1, 1938, East Tyrol and from April 17, 1941, Mießtal , which fell to Yugoslavia in 1918, and parts of Upper Carniola were also administered from Klagenfurt. Under the National Socialist mayor Friedrich von Franz, all previously published newspapers were discontinued and replaced by the Carinthian Grenzruf . The New Square was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz . In addition, numerous other squares and streets in the city were given the names of Nazi greats.
The young, small Jewish community in Klagenfurt (1934: 269 religious Jews) was almost completely wiped out during this time. During Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938, citizens of Klagenfurt devastated the prayer house in Platzgasse (which was later completely destroyed in a bombing raid), demolished Jewish apartments and desecrated the Jewish cemetery in St. Ruprecht. The bank accounts of the Jews in Carinthia were blocked, but the money is said to have been used in collaboration with the religious community to cover the travel costs of the emigrating Jews. Of all the Jews who were expelled from Carinthia or who emigrated “voluntarily”, 45 certainly died, but probably more died. Most of the Jews who remained in Klagenfurt were later arrested and deported to concentration camps; only a few were able to save themselves after 1939. In 1951 there were only nine Jewish citizens left in Klagenfurt.
On October 15, 1938, the previously independent community of Sankt Ruprecht and the towns of Sankt Peter, Annabichl and Sankt Martin as well as parts of the communities of Krumpendorf , Lendorf, Hörtendorf , Viktring and Maria Wörth were incorporated. This meant that the urban area grew from 618 hectares to 5,613 hectares (around nine times as much), and the population rose from 30,000 to over 50,000.
In the Lendorf district, prisoners from the Mauthausen concentration camp built a barracks and a “ Junker school ” for the Waffen-SS . The Klagenfurt-Lendorf concentration camp subcamp was located in the courtyard of today's Khevenhüller barracks.
After there had already been a smaller attack by the 9th US Air Fleet on Klagenfurt Airport in September 1943 , the first bombs fell on built-up urban areas on Sunday, January 16, 1944, at 11:41 a.m. The main targets were the area around the main train station and the tobacco factory on Kempfstrasse, where part of German aircraft production had been relocated from Wiener Neustadt to Klagenfurt. In three waves of attacks, 90 bombers dropped around 1,200 high-explosive bombs over the city. There were 234 deaths, 73 seriously injured and around 1,800 homeless people.
This attack was followed by 48 more by April 26, 1945, 12 of which were major attacks in which a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped. At the end of the war, 3,413 houses and 9,672 apartments had been destroyed. 60 percent of Klagenfurt's apartments were destroyed and 510 people were killed. 1665 Klagenfurt residents died as soldiers during the war.
Post-war and present
On May 8, 1945, British troops reached the city a few hours before the units of the Yugoslav armed forces and the Yugoslav partisans. The communist leadership of Yugoslavia under Marshal Tito , with the support of the Soviet Union , claimed Klagenfurt and large parts of Carinthia for themselves, but they encountered resistance from the British. However, the British were unable to prevent residents of the Klagenfurt district from being kidnapped by Yugoslav partisans.
Klagenfurt was part of the British zone until the end of the occupation in Austria in 1955. The English War Cemetery on Lilienthalstraße is still a reminder of this today.
In 1947, Austria's first district heating power plant was built in Klagenfurt, in 1955 the country's first high-rise building was built and in 1961, Wiener Gasse, together with Kramergasse, became the first designated pedestrian zone in Austria, which was soon expanded to include Alter Platz. The botanical garden , founded in 1862, was moved from Mießtalerstrasse to the former quarry on Kreuzbergl in 1958. The creation of the cathedral square by demolishing the Jesuit barracks , which had been damaged in the war, caused controversial discussions in the 1960s .
Science & Technology Park
A focus of city policy in the post-war period was the reconstruction and expansion of the school and university systems. With the establishment of the Federal High School for Slovenes in Klagenfurt in 1957, one of Austria's obligations in the State Treaty of 1955 was fulfilled. In addition, other educational centers were built with the aim of offering several training focuses for students in Klagenfurt, including the music high school in Viktring and the Mössingerstraße federal school center, which houses an HTL and a high school. The University of Education Sciences was founded in 1970, which subsequently became what is now the University of Klagenfurt .
As a result of the incorporation of four large neighboring communities ( Viktring , Hörtendorf , Wölfnitz and St. Peter am Bichl with the Ulrichsberg ) as well as some areas of neighboring communities ( Ebenthal , Maria Wörth , Poggersdorf , Liebenfels ) as part of the municipal reform in 1973, the municipal area became In 1938 it was expanded again significantly, by a good double, and reached its current size of 12,030 hectares.
Mosaic coat of arms for UEFA Euro 2008
On July 3, 2007, the local council decided to rename the city of Klagenfurt to “Klagenfurt am Wörthersee”, this was confirmed by the Carinthian state parliament. It was hoped that this would increase the city's marketing value. Critical voices, however, emphasized that Klagenfurt has only been located on Lake Wörthersee since the beginning of the 20th century through property purchases and that it has little in common with Lake Wörthersee in terms of cultural history.
The Wörthersee Stadium was rebuilt between 2006 and 2008 for the 2008 European Football Championship , and three preliminary round games took place in the stadium.
In 2015, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .
Actually spelled like that, Mdina, no 'e'. The maltese language is a strange blend of a sicilian arabic dialect, english and italian. Not the place where Mohammed is buried, this is the old capital of Malta.
Day 2 Say the following words:
1. Forever
2. Out
3. Pecan
4. Right here
5. Washing
6. whatever your local term is for cooking meat on an outdoor fire-heated surface.
7. Picture
8. the preferred plural of "you"
9. Roof
10. House
For the discussion in the 365 Video Group Pool.
Four languages Aranes, Castilian, Catalan, French.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranese_dialect#:~:text=Students%20....
Vielha, the capital of Val d’Aran, is a small Pyrenean city with approximately 4000 inhabitants and it is located at 974 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by peaks over 2000 meters. The village is built along the Garona River, at the point where both the Garona and Nere rivers meet.
Its streets and new buildings have formed an interesting commercial nucleus where the visitor can find all types of businesses specialized in all kind of sports (adventure, high mountain and snow), arts and craft of Val d’Aran and the Pyrenees, basic necessity items and services, clothing stores, outlets, supermarkets, banks, the hospital and the sports club, Palai de Gèu. The wider avenues contrast with the narrow streets and old houses of the old quarters where there is a varied selection of restaurants and bars.
The Sant Miquèu church is dedicated to this saint, who was also a prince. It is in the center of Vielha next to the arcades of the Town Hall, the Tourist Office and the Post Office. Inside the church the valuable Christ of Mijaran is conserved. It is believed that this wooden bust of Christ was part of the scene of the Descent from the Cross, that would have been destroyed and only this portion remains. It dates back to the 12th century and was made by one of the masters of the Erill Workshop, who developed the Romanesque Lombard style in the nearby valley, Vall de Boí. The Gothic and Baroque paintings within the church are other treasures the visitors should not miss. The exterior of the church is noteworthy given its impressive octogonal bell tower and slender belfry with slate shingles, so typical of Val d’Aran.
Vielha has other places that the visitor must not miss: the Ethnological Museum, the stately home Çò de Rodès and the Wool Factory. The tower of general Martinón (where the Ethnological Museum is nowadays located) is a house from the 17th century with interesting Renaissance windows; here, the visitor will discover the fascinating history of Val d’Aran. Çò de Rodès is another stately home located in C/Major as well, next to the Museum and has been recently well restored. Further up in this street, there is another historic building and museum: the Wool Factory, where the visitor can see the so-called power loom ‘Müle Jenny’. This machine was key to the weaving workshops during the Industrial Revolution and shows how important this industry was in Val d’Aran throughout the 19th century.
Some beautiful walking itineraries start in Vielha. Thanks to its central location, Vielha is the natural crossing of different roads, such as the N-230 and the C-28. The N-230 crosses the tunnel of Vielha towards France in the north and towards Ribagorza and Lleida in the south. The C-28 goes up to Baqueira and crosses the Bonaigua mountain pass towards Pallars. Camin Reiau (a long walk path) will take us on foot to Naut Aran in one direction or to Mijaran and Baish Aran in the other. When leaving Vielha towards France, we will find the remains of the Mijaran Sanctuary with the new building next to it. Here the “Conselhers” or local government representatives and the Sindic (its president) take possession of their duties in the Conselh Generau just as they did in the 13th century.
Altitude: 992m. Surface: 211,41 km²
GPS Coordinates Latitude: 42°42′10,85″N Longitude: 0°47′35,68″E
Orsanmichele (or "Kitchen Garden of St. Michael", from the contraction in Tuscan dialect of the Italian word orto) is a church in the Italian city of Florence. The building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele, which is now gone.
Located on the Via Calzaiuoli in Florence, the church was originally built as a grain market in 1337 by Francesco Talenti, Neri di Fioravante, and Benci di Cione. Between 1380 and 1404 it was converted into a church used as the chapel of Florence's powerful craft and trade guilds. On the ground floor of the square building are the 13th century arches that originally formed the loggia of the grain market. The second floor was devoted to offices, while the third housed one of the city's municipal grain storehouses, maintained to withstand famine or siege. Late in the 14th century, the guilds were charged by the city to commission statues of their patron saints to embellish the facades of the church. The sculptures seen today are copies, the originals having been removed to museums.
The Chiesa di San Pantaleone Martire, known as San Pantalon in the Venetian dialect, is a church in the Dorsoduro sestiere of Venice, Italy. It is located on the Campo San Pantalon (square), and is dedicated to Saint Pantaleon.
The 17th-century Chiesa di San Pantalon is a parish church of the Vicariate of San Polo-Santa Croce-Dorsoduro.
San Pantalon is particularly well known for its immense ceiling painting, depicting The Martyrdom and Apotheosis of St Pantalon. It was painted on canvas by Gian Antonio Fumiani between 1680 and 1704, when he fell to his death from the scaffolding.
Other notable works include Coronation of the Virgin by Antonio Vivarini and Giovanni d'Alemagna in the Chapel of the Holy Nail and St Pantalon healing a Boy, the last work by Veronese, originally commissioned for the high altar.
Assessments of the Fumiani fresco
Modern critics note that the dramatic sotto in su canvas marks the entry of Bolognese quadratura to Venice; Fumiani had studied with the perspective painter Domenico degli Ambrogi.
John Ruskin, in his typical disdain of all post-Quattrocento works, described the ceiling fresco as a:
“ sorrowful lesson... All the mischief that Paul Veronese did may be seen in the halting and hollow magnificences of them;—all the absurdities, either of painting or piety, under afflatus of vile ambition. Roof puffed up and broken through, as it were, with breath of the fiend from below, instead of pierced by heaven's light from above; the rags and ruins of Venetian skill, honour, and worship, exploded all together sky-high. Miracles of frantic mistake, of flaunting and thunderous hypocrisy,—universal lie, shouted through speaking-trumpets...(It is) the most curious example in Europe of the vulgar dramatic effects of painting. ”
ARTillerie (ADN Dialect)
Director Artístico Angelo Dello Iacono
Interpretes Philia Maillardeet, Angelo Dello Iacono, Carlos Martínez y Vincent Morelle
Música Stephane Friedli
'give love on christmas day'
sending s.o.s. to all flickr friends about extending their help to tacloban, iloilo, samar, leyte and cebu, these places are hit by typhoon haiyan's last november 8, 2013, if you could plan a meaningful and humanitarian travel to these places this holiday season and share your blessings to the victims.
experience the filipino hospitality and christmas. i can suggest a travel plan, just flickr mail me.
thank you very much and more blessing to come to you and your family!
The indigenous Kaqchikel people here, in central Guatemala, speak the Kaqchikel (Kachiquel) dialect.
IMG_8445 R1
The 'Yan', the brand new building at Grizedale Forest Visitors Centre.
It has been named after the Cumbrian dialect word for ‘one’, helping to add to the sense of place, which was an important objective for the new development.
It was designed by Edinburgh based Sutherland Hussey Architects who said “Our intention was to create a modern and innovative building that also sits well in the landscape. ‘The Yan’ has been constructed in a way that both celebrates the crucial role that timber has to play in light of the environmental challenges we face today, and also celebrates the beautiful location with the panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. It imbues the ethos of the Forestry Commission and will hopefully be an exemplar for other projects in the area.”
The building is constructed from a number of different timbers: The main structure of the building is comprised of home grown Douglas Fir, a timber with excellent structural properties. Oak has been used for the window frames, internal joinery and floor finishes, where its durability and beautiful grain can be exploited. Cedar has been used for the roof covering and the external cladding because of its ability to resist water penetration.
This picture was taken by Sean McMahon of StridingEdge.net and a regular contributor to Lake District Now where you can find a daily update from the English Lake District
Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Carinthia, Republic Of Austria.
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (official name; until 2008 and further briefly just Klagenfurt , Slovenian Celovec ob Vrbskem jezeru ) is a large city in the south of Austria and the state capital of the Austrian state of Carinthia . In the local Bavarian-Austrian dialect her name is pronounced Klognfuat . With 104,332 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2023), it is the largest city in Carinthia and the sixth largest city in Austria . The urban area is located in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and currently has an area of 120 km².
Klagenfurt was first mentioned in documents in 1192/1199 and was of little relevance until Maximilian I donated the city to the Carinthian estates in 1518. This donation and the subsequent Protestant Reformation movement of the 16th century meant a steep rise for the city: Klagenfurt became the capital of Carinthia, and numerous buildings that are still important today, such as the country house and the cathedral, were built.
Today the statutory city of Klagenfurt is the seat of, among other things, the Carinthian state government , the Klagenfurt-Land district administration , the Diocese of Gurk , the Alpine-Adria University of Klagenfurt , the Gustav Mahler Private University of Music , an international airport and a location for the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences as well as numerous other companies and institutions, including those of the Carinthian Slovenes . Klagenfurt is also important for tourism due to its attractive city center with squares and old town buildings as well as cultural offerings and proximity to Lake Wörthersee .
Geography
Location
Klagenfurt is located on the Klagenfurter Feld in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and extends for around 15 km in a north-south and east-west direction. The city covers the entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee, the areas north of it are part of the Feldkirchen-Moosburg hill country and the Glantal mountain country. Parts of the northern district of Wölfnitz already belong to Zollfeld , the south of Klagenfurt lies at the foot of the Sattnitz ridge.
The city center is about 450 m above sea level; The highest point within the municipality is the Ulrichsberg at 1022 m above sea level. A. , the deepest is the Gurkerbrücke (420 m) on the eastern border of the city.
Around a third of the 120 km² municipal area is designated as agricultural area (33.4%) or forest (32.9%). 19.3% of Klagenfurt's area is used as building land , 2.2% is water and 1.3% is gardens. The remaining 10.9% fall under “other types of use”, which includes, among other things, transport routes , mining areas and wasteland .
The Adriatic is only about 150 kilometers away from Klagenfurt; Trieste can be reached via the motorway in around two hours.
Geology
The entire Klagenfurt Basin was filled by the Drau Glacier during the Ice Age . After the ice masses melted, alluvial fans of the Glan formed the subsoil of today's northern urban area and the Zollfeld, consisting of Ice Age gravel. At the same time, Lake Wörthersee was created, which around 4,000 years ago reached into today's city center, where a large moor area was formed through gradual silting up . The hills in the north of the city consist mainly of old crystalline mica schists and Paleozoic phyllites , green slates and limestone, while the Sattnitz ridge south of Klagenfurt consists of conglomerates .
Bodies of Water
In the north of the city, the Glan flows through Klagenfurt in a west-east direction, in the east the Gurk touches the Hörtendorf district , shortly before it joins the Glan in Ebenthal . There are two canals in the city center that were artificially created in the 16th century: the Lendkanal , which still connects the center with Lake Wörthersee today, and the Feuerbach , which is now almost completely absorbed into the city's underground sewer system. Flowing through the southern districts, the 8.8 km long Glanfurt (popularly “Sattnitz”) drains Lake Wörthersee into the Glan. Other, smaller rivers include the Kerbach, the Raba and the Struga, Wölfnitz and Viktringer Bach.
The entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee belongs to the urban area of Klagenfurt, which has used the name of the lake in its own name since mid-2007. There are also a number of ponds in Klagenfurt. The Hallegg ponds , which lie in a nature reserve below Hallegg Castle , are among the largest.
City structure
Until 1848, the urban area only included today's Inner City ; with the formation of political communities in Austria, the immediately adjacent four suburbs (St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Viktringer and Villacher Vorstadt) were added to Klagenfurt in 1850. Apart from a smaller city expansion in 1893, Klagenfurt only reached its current size in the 20th century through the incorporation of previously independent communities in 1938 (districts IX to XII) and 1973 (districts XIII to XV).
The four districts of the inner city roughly form a square made up of squares that are numbered clockwise starting at the top left (in the northwest corner). The next four districts (5-8) enclose the square in a roughly circular shape, the numbering starts at the top, in the north and goes to the right. The same applies to the larger districts 9 to 12, which in turn form a belt of sectors in the main cardinal directions. The three outermost and youngest districts, like all zones, are numbered to the right, but stand out discreetly like wings and are therefore not connected to each other; The count now starts in the south (southwest) with 13, runs through 14 in the northwest to the relatively small 15th district in the east.
The city consists of a total of 25 cadastral municipalities , in brackets the unofficial Slovenian names and the areas in hectares (as of December 31, 2021):
Bubble Village ( Blaznja vas , 241.49 ha)
Ehrenthal (548.85 ha)
Goritschitzen ( Goričica , 571.21 ha)
Großbuch (446.46 ha)
Großponfeld (664.94 ha)
Gurlitsch I* (632.51 ha)
Hallegg ( Helek , 425.55 ha)
Hörtendorf ( Trdnja vas , 946.61 ha)
Klagenfurt (629.53 ha)
Kleinbuch (220.95 ha)
Lendorf ( Dhovše , 579.55 ha)
Marolla (977.91 ha)
Nagra (201.44 ha)
Neudorf ( Nova vas , 658.90 ha)
St. Martin near Klagenfurt (349.02 ha)
St. Peter am Karlsberg (353.84 ha)
St. Peter near Ebenthal (358.99 ha)
St. Peter near Tentschach (246.63 ha)
St. Ruprecht near Klagenfurt (653.30 ha)
Stone ( Zakamen , 267.30 ha)
Tentschach (222.56 ha)
Viktring ( Vetrinj , 369.22 ha)
Waidmannsdorf ( Otoče , 422.75 ha)
Waltendorf ( Vapoča vas , 442.94 ha)
Welzenegg (579.38 ha)
* (Gurlitsch II is a cadastral community in the neighboring community of Krumpendorf.)
Climate
Klagenfurt has a temperate continental climate with relatively large temperature fluctuations between the seasons. Due to the inversion weather conditions prevailing in the Klagenfurt Basin, an above-average and often long-lasting formation of haze and fog is typical for this area. In early and mid-autumn this is predominantly ground fog, while in late autumn and winter mostly high-level fog occurs. A general lack of wind is also characteristic. The winters, which are cold compared to the Austrian average, can be temporarily alleviated by the foehn through the Karawanken Mountains to the south .
The long-term mean annual temperature (determined between 1961 and 1990) is 7.7 °C. The average temperature in Klagenfurt in 2007 was 9.7 °C.
History
Origin of name and founding legend
Etymologically, the name Klagenfurt has a Romanesque origin and came into German via Slovenian. Heinz-Dieter Pohl has linguistically reconstructed the formation of the Slovenian name Celovec for Klagenfurt, first documented in 1615 as V Zelovzi . The starting point for this was a Romanesque l'aquiliu meaning “place by the water” - but what was meant was not Lake Wörthersee, but the River Glan . The original Romansh form was initially transformed into la quiliu and adopted into Slavic without an article. According to phonetic laws, it became cvilj- . This was expanded with the ending -ovec , which is common in field and place names, which created Cviljovec . The similar-sounding Slovenian word cvilja meant something like 'lamentation'. In Slovenian, the name Cviljovec was reinterpreted in folk etymology as the “place of laments ”, which is reflected in German in the loan translation Klagenfurt. Other derivations are therefore not applicable, such as the one advocated by Eberhard Kranzmayer about a lament woman cvilja (= lament), one of the legendary Slavic ford and water women who did their laundry at streams and springs wash and mourn deaths, or from the Glan, according to which a Glanfurt would be the origin of the name. What is overlooked is that there actually is a river called Glanfurt , which was called Lanquart until the 16th century and is now also called Sattnitz (Slovene: formerly: Lank(a)rt, today: Sotnica, or more commonly: Jezernica = Seebach). . It is the outflow of Lake Wörthersee.
An even older derivation, which comes from the time of humanism, names the Latin name of the Roman city Claudiforum or Forum Claudii as the original name and refers to Roman sources. The name Klagenfurt is said to have developed from this. In fact, a Roman city, Virunum , founded by the Emperor Claudius , existed north of the present urban area. Today it is clear that Forum Claudii was an alternative name for Virunum and that there was no Roman city in the area of today's Klagenfurt.
Lindwurm fountain : representation of the founding legend
The founding legend of Klagenfurt tells of a dragon that lived in a swamp and fed on people from the surrounding towns who approached it. The monster could only be killed through a trick: a tower was built, at the top of which an ox was chained as bait, the chain also being equipped with a large hook. When the dragon came out of its swamp to eat the ox, it got caught on the chain and was killed. This legend finds its heraldic expression in the city coat of arms of Klagenfurt and its artistic expression in the Lindwurm fountain .
Early settlements in today's urban area
The first traces of clearing and settlement in today's urban area date back to the period between 4000 and 2000 BC. Evidenced by finds in Lendorf, Waidmannsdorf and Viktring. Traces of settlements can be found from the Bronze Age ( dugout tree finds in the moor at the foot of the Sattnitz) as well as the urn field culture and the Hallstatt period (Wölfnitz and Waidmannsdorf). For a long time, only areas that towered over the marshy landscape in which today's city center is located were considered as settlement areas. The hills in the north of today's urban area were particularly suitable for this.
and the early
There is no evidence of any significant settlements in the area of today's Klagenfurt in ancient times . The center of power for this region both during the Celtic Noricum period and during the period of Roman occupation, which began in 45 BC. From the 6th century BC to the 6th century ( Virunum ), it was located on the Zollfeld north of today's Klagenfurt . Nevertheless, sporadic Roman settlements arose here too, for example on the Spitalsberg the remains of a villa and graves from Roman times were found
Unlike many towns in Carinthia, where evidence of the immigration of Slavs into the area of today's Carinthia, which took place from the end of the migration , can also be proven using place names, there is hardly any evidence of this in Klagenfurt. Nevertheless, it is assumed that today's urban area was connected to the Carolingian-Franconian Palatinate of Karnburg (Civitas Carantana), which was built around the year 828. In the course of the Christianization of Carinthia, the church foundations of Maria Saal in Zollfeld by the diocese of Salzburg and Maria Wörth were significant, but there is no evidence of any foundations on the eastern bank of Lake Wörthersee at this time.
After Carinthia was made a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire in 976, numerous monasteries were founded in the 11th century. But it was only in the first half of the 12th century that Klagenfurt became important: the Spanheimers , who had been wealthy in Carinthia since the middle of the 11th century and were the Carinthian dukes between the years 1122 and 1279, had gradually acquired parts of today's city area . Count Bernhard founded the Cistercian monastery of Viktring in 1142 and initiated settlement in its surroundings.
Founding of the city
The Carinthian dukes Hermann († 1181) and Bernhard von Spanheim († 1256) are considered the founders of Klagenfurt. Hermann is seen as the founder of the Klagenfurt market, which was built on the southern edge of the Zollfeld in the area of today's Spitalsberg . This settlement was first mentioned between June 1192 and March 1199 as the monastery of St. Paul was granted toll exemption “in foro Chlagenuurt”. However, the newly founded town was in the flood plain of the Glan and was repeatedly flooded. Bernhard von Spanheim took this as an opportunity to re-establish the settlement in a flood-proof area in 1246. Klagenfurt was rebuilt in the area around today's Old Square and received city rights in 1252.
To protect the city, a castle (first mentioned in documents in 1268) and a six meter high city wall were built, in front of which a four meter deep and ten meter wide ditch was dug. The castle probably stood on the site of today's country house and was administered by ministerials who were called castle keepers (“castellanus de Chlagenfurt”). The first documented priest in Klagenfurt (Dominus Friedericus, 1255) was still vicar of Maria Saal . The first church in Klagenfurt was probably today's parish church of Klagenfurt-St. Egid , who was the patron saint of St. in the 14th century. Egidius accepted (documented 1347); The Holy Spirit Church with a cemetery and hospital was built outside the city walls (documented in 1355 and 1381).
Klagenfurt had only a small population compared to other cities in Carinthia and remained in the shadow of the capital St. Veit and the commercial center of Villach until the 16th century .
Donation of Klagenfurt to the estates
At the beginning of the 16th century, Carinthia only played a minor role within the inner Austrian states, because for long stretches the office of governor was not even occupied. The Roman-German king and later emperor Maximilian I came to their extensive inheritance after the Gorizia people died out in 1500. On the one hand, the absence of a sovereign helped the Carinthian estates to gain a stronger political position, but on the other hand, they had to struggle with peasant revolts at the time, which flared up again in the country in 1515 and during which the state capital St. Veit proved to be less than reliable.
In 1514 Klagenfurt was almost completely destroyed by fire. The estates asked the emperor, who had now also become sovereign, to give them the city in order to turn it into a bulwark against enemies from within and without. Maximilian complied with this wish, in the “Gabbrief” of April 24, 1518, he donated the city, including the castle and citizens, to the estates, while at the same time revoking all civil privileges.
The estates rebuilt the city and commissioned Domenico dell'Allio to plan city fortifications . The financing of this undertaking was significantly supported by Ferdinand I's leasing of the sovereign mint in 1529 and its relocation from St. Veit to Klagenfurt soon afterwards. The Lend Canal , an artificial waterway from Lake Wörthersee to the city, had already been created in 1527 and was used to transport goods, flood the moat and serve as a fire-fighting water reservoir. A second, much smaller canal, the so-called Feuerbach , brought Glanwasser into the city, which was available in two open channels and was also used to transport waste. The previous “Galgentratte” became the new center of the city as “Neuer Platz”. The streets around it were laid out in a checkerboard pattern. Important representative buildings such as the country house (from 1574) and today's cathedral (from 1581), which was built as a Protestant church, were built. In 1587, due to the ever-increasing tasks of the city administration, the judge and council asked the estates to appoint a mayor. As a result, Christoph Windisch (* ? – † 1597) was appointed the first mayor of the corporative city of Klagenfurt. By the end of the 16th century, Klagenfurt had grown into the most modern and strongest fortress city in the region.
Burgfriedstein at the Sattnitzbauern onQuellenstrasse
The city's sphere of influence included extensive areas of the hinterland and smaller towns outside the city fortifications. They formed the Klagenfurt castle keep , which was administered by the city judge. It stretched from St. Primus in the north to the swampy landscape of Glanfurt in the south and from the Glan in the east to the village of Waidmannsdorf in the west of the city. Not a single castle was built in this area; the noble residences of this type were all outside the keep boundaries.
Reformation and
In the course of the second half of the 16th century, large parts of the population and almost all of the Carinthian estates had joined the Lutheran Reformation movement ; in Klagenfurt one can speak of a consistently Protestant population as early as the 1570s.
The new doctrine was proclaimed both in St. Egid and in the Church of the Holy Spirit, and the newly built Trinity Church, later the Catholic cathedral, was also used as a Protestant church after its completion. While the Catholic Habsburgs, as sovereigns, were initially almost powerless in the face of this development, from around 1580 they initially hesitantly implemented the Counter-Reformation together with the Catholic Church in 1595, then with all their might after Archduke Ferdinand came to power. Citizens were given the choice of returning to Catholicism or leaving the country, books were burned and Protestant churches were temporarily closed.
The Trinity Church, which was closed in November 1600, was given to the Jesuits and reopened by them in April 1604 and consecrated to Saints Peter and Paul. Above all, the Jesuits, but also other orders that were part of the Counter-Reformation, shaped the intellectual and cultural development as well as with numerous new church and monastery buildings (St. Mary's Church with Franciscan monastery in 1617, Capuchin church and monastery in 1646, redesign of St. Egid and St . Peter and Paul etc.) the face of the city.
After the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773, Klagenfurt became the seat of the Gurk Cathedral Chapter in 1787/93.
End of Estate Rule, French Wars and March Revolution
The estates had already lost power with Maria Theresa's administrative reform . Since 1748, the city administration was no longer subject to the estate councilors and the burgrave . State authorities had taken their place. The state of Carinthia was divided into three districts and the “castle” was now the seat of a district office. In 1782, Klagenfurt lost its position as state capital after Joseph II placed all of Carinthia administratively under the Gubernium of Graz.
The square, planned layout of the old city center, shown here on a map from around 1735 with the city walls and city gates razed in 1809, can still be clearly seen on today's plans.
During the Napoleonic Wars, Klagenfurt was occupied by French troops in 1797 and in 1805 and 1809/1810. Before they left, Napoleon's Württemberg sappers blew up the city walls. The Völkermarkter Tor was the only one of the city gates that remained intact, but it had to give way to road expansion in 1867. Massive causeway bridges were built in place of the blown-up city gates. Today only a small remnant of the fortification wall and the city moat remains. However, the location of the city walls can still be clearly seen on today's “ring” around the city center.
Even though there were only sporadic acts of war in the country during the wars, this period and the years that followed marked an economic decline. From an urban planning perspective, however, the demolition of the fortifications also opened up new perspectives. A city map from 1827 shows the merging of the city center with its four suburbs: St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Villacher and Viktringer Vorstadt. In addition to the formation of districts, Klagenfurt was also a vital city in the pre-industrial period in terms of its social structure, its culture and its relationship to the surrounding area.
On the political stage, Klagenfurt and the now divided Carinthia were of little importance during the Metternich era . This was only to change again after the revolutionary year of 1848 , when Carinthia became an independent crown state again with the headquarters of a state parliament and a state government in Klagenfurt. After Klagenfurt became a city with its own statute in 1850, the second city expansion took place after more than 300 years as part of the general restructuring of the state and the country and the associated creation of local communities as the smallest self-governing bodies.
However, the hoped-for unification of Klagenfurt with numerous surrounding towns did not initially materialize; the neighbors saw no advantage in this and preferred status as an independent rural community. In addition to the inner city, the new municipality only comprised its four suburbs, including the “rural town of Spitalmühle”. Not even the entire truce had come to Klagenfurt: even the Kreuzbergl area of the “Wölfnitzberg” remained in the cadastral community of St. Martin and became part of the new local community of St. Martin near Klagenfurt . In 1850, the first Klagenfurt local council chose the 51-year-old lawyer Andreas Koller , who had just been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order , as city leader.
Technological age
In 1863, Klagenfurt was connected to the Southern Railway network , and the resulting economic stimulus made Klagenfurt the center of Carinthia. The outdated, damaged water pipe, fed by the Feuerbach and the Sattnitz springs, was taken over by the city and improved. In 1864, Ferdinand Jergitsch founded the first volunteer fire department in Carinthia, a model organization for numerous cities in the k. u.k. Monarchy. The city ditches were partly filled in and built over, the agricultural area was expanded through drainage and the city was enlarged, including the former suburbs and surrounding communities, first to the east and later to the west towards Lake Wörthersee.
In the course of the busy construction activity, the Protestant Johanneskirche (1863–1866), the Carinthian State Museum (1884), the large school buildings (Hasner, Benedictine and West schools, secondary school, trade school, “Kucherhof” agricultural school), the state hospital (1895) and the new “Jubiläumsstadttheater” (1910). The economic rise was also documented by the first Carinthian state exhibition in 1885, at which 1,329 exhibiting companies presented their services to around 100,000 visitors. This laid the foundation for today's Klagenfurt Trade Fair.
In 1896, however, the city administration rejected the electrification of the city and the establishment of a railway directorate in Klagenfurt. Only after long negotiations was the basis for a power grid laid. In 1903, the city's streets received electric lighting instead of the incandescent gas lights that previously illuminated the streets. The horse-drawn tram set up in 1891 was replaced by the electric Klagenfurt tram from 1911 onwards . The railway management, on the other hand, had now established itself in Villach , making its western neighbor a “railway town”.
The First World War and its consequences for Klagenfurt
The First World War interrupted the city's rise. After Italy entered the war in 1915, Klagenfurt was not directly on the front of the mountain war and was therefore spared from the immediate war, but was subsequently flooded by returning soldiers. 2,214 people from Klagenfurt died as soldiers during the war. In addition, the SHS state that emerged after the end of the war claimed parts of southern Carinthia and Lower Styria, relying on the Slovenian population. His troops crossed the demarcation line and occupied Klagenfurt on June 6, 1919. For security reasons, the Carinthian state government had recently been temporarily relocated to Spittal an der Drau and later to St. Veit an der Glan. The troops had to withdraw again at the end of July 1919 after a referendum was held at the Paris Peace Conference on the fate of the disputed areas. The plebiscite of October 10, 1920 ultimately resulted in a clear majority for Carinthia and the Republic of Austria.
The economic consequences of the war - inflation and high unemployment - initially slowed down the further development of the city, which at times was unable to pay even the wages of its employees.
Period of National Socialism and the Second World War
With the “annexation” of Austria to the German Reich, Klagenfurt became the capital of the Carinthian district on March 12, 1938 ( Reichsgau from March 1, 1938 ). From October 1, 1938, East Tyrol and from April 17, 1941, Mießtal , which fell to Yugoslavia in 1918, and parts of Upper Carniola were also administered from Klagenfurt. Under the National Socialist mayor Friedrich von Franz, all previously published newspapers were discontinued and replaced by the Carinthian Grenzruf . The New Square was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz . In addition, numerous other squares and streets in the city were given the names of Nazi greats.
The young, small Jewish community in Klagenfurt (1934: 269 religious Jews) was almost completely wiped out during this time. During Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938, citizens of Klagenfurt devastated the prayer house in Platzgasse (which was later completely destroyed in a bombing raid), demolished Jewish apartments and desecrated the Jewish cemetery in St. Ruprecht. The bank accounts of the Jews in Carinthia were blocked, but the money is said to have been used in collaboration with the religious community to cover the travel costs of the emigrating Jews. Of all the Jews who were expelled from Carinthia or who emigrated “voluntarily”, 45 certainly died, but probably more died. Most of the Jews who remained in Klagenfurt were later arrested and deported to concentration camps; only a few were able to save themselves after 1939. In 1951 there were only nine Jewish citizens left in Klagenfurt.
On October 15, 1938, the previously independent community of Sankt Ruprecht and the towns of Sankt Peter, Annabichl and Sankt Martin as well as parts of the communities of Krumpendorf , Lendorf, Hörtendorf , Viktring and Maria Wörth were incorporated. This meant that the urban area grew from 618 hectares to 5,613 hectares (around nine times as much), and the population rose from 30,000 to over 50,000.
In the Lendorf district, prisoners from the Mauthausen concentration camp built a barracks and a “ Junker school ” for the Waffen-SS . The Klagenfurt-Lendorf concentration camp subcamp was located in the courtyard of today's Khevenhüller barracks.
After there had already been a smaller attack by the 9th US Air Fleet on Klagenfurt Airport in September 1943 , the first bombs fell on built-up urban areas on Sunday, January 16, 1944, at 11:41 a.m. The main targets were the area around the main train station and the tobacco factory on Kempfstrasse, where part of German aircraft production had been relocated from Wiener Neustadt to Klagenfurt. In three waves of attacks, 90 bombers dropped around 1,200 high-explosive bombs over the city. There were 234 deaths, 73 seriously injured and around 1,800 homeless people.
This attack was followed by 48 more by April 26, 1945, 12 of which were major attacks in which a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped. At the end of the war, 3,413 houses and 9,672 apartments had been destroyed. 60 percent of Klagenfurt's apartments were destroyed and 510 people were killed. 1665 Klagenfurt residents died as soldiers during the war.
Post-war and present
On May 8, 1945, British troops reached the city a few hours before the units of the Yugoslav armed forces and the Yugoslav partisans. The communist leadership of Yugoslavia under Marshal Tito , with the support of the Soviet Union , claimed Klagenfurt and large parts of Carinthia for themselves, but they encountered resistance from the British. However, the British were unable to prevent residents of the Klagenfurt district from being kidnapped by Yugoslav partisans.
Klagenfurt was part of the British zone until the end of the occupation in Austria in 1955. The English War Cemetery on Lilienthalstraße is still a reminder of this today.
In 1947, Austria's first district heating power plant was built in Klagenfurt, in 1955 the country's first high-rise building was built and in 1961, Wiener Gasse, together with Kramergasse, became the first designated pedestrian zone in Austria, which was soon expanded to include Alter Platz. The botanical garden , founded in 1862, was moved from Mießtalerstrasse to the former quarry on Kreuzbergl in 1958. The creation of the cathedral square by demolishing the Jesuit barracks , which had been damaged in the war, caused controversial discussions in the 1960s .
Science & Technology Park
A focus of city policy in the post-war period was the reconstruction and expansion of the school and university systems. With the establishment of the Federal High School for Slovenes in Klagenfurt in 1957, one of Austria's obligations in the State Treaty of 1955 was fulfilled. In addition, other educational centers were built with the aim of offering several training focuses for students in Klagenfurt, including the music high school in Viktring and the Mössingerstraße federal school center, which houses an HTL and a high school. The University of Education Sciences was founded in 1970, which subsequently became what is now the University of Klagenfurt .
As a result of the incorporation of four large neighboring communities ( Viktring , Hörtendorf , Wölfnitz and St. Peter am Bichl with the Ulrichsberg ) as well as some areas of neighboring communities ( Ebenthal , Maria Wörth , Poggersdorf , Liebenfels ) as part of the municipal reform in 1973, the municipal area became In 1938 it was expanded again significantly, by a good double, and reached its current size of 12,030 hectares.
Mosaic coat of arms for UEFA Euro 2008
On July 3, 2007, the local council decided to rename the city of Klagenfurt to “Klagenfurt am Wörthersee”, this was confirmed by the Carinthian state parliament. It was hoped that this would increase the city's marketing value. Critical voices, however, emphasized that Klagenfurt has only been located on Lake Wörthersee since the beginning of the 20th century through property purchases and that it has little in common with Lake Wörthersee in terms of cultural history.
The Wörthersee Stadium was rebuilt between 2006 and 2008 for the 2008 European Football Championship , and three preliminary round games took place in the stadium.
In 2015, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .
"Four-story mansard hipped roof building with dwelling, three-story flat bay window and four-story, polygonal corner bay window with helmet, mansard floor with half-timbering, exposed brick building with sandstone street facade, rich in the forms of the Gothic Neo-Renaissance, marked "1899".
Nuremberg (/ˈnjʊərəmbɜːrɡ/ NURE-əm-burg; German: Nürnberg [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch [ˈnɛmbɛrç]) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 545,000 inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.
Nuremberg sits on the Pegnitz, which carries the name Regnitz from its confluence with the Rednitz in Fürth onwards (Pegnitz→ Regnitz→ Main→ Rhine→ North Sea), and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, that connects the North Sea to the Black Sea. Lying in the Bavarian administrative region of Middle Franconia, it is the largest city and unofficial capital of the entire cultural region of Franconia. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Reichswald, a large forest, and in the north lies Knoblauchsland (garlic land), an extensive vegetable growing area and cultural landscape.
The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of Fürth, Erlangen and Schwabach, which is the heart of an urban area region with around 1.4 million inhabitants, while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has a population of approximately 3.6 million. It is the largest city in the East Franconian dialect area (colloquially: "Franconian"; German: Fränkisch).
Nuremberg and Fürth were once connected by the Bavarian Ludwig Railway, the first steam-hauled and overall second railway opened in Germany (1835). Today, the U1 of the Nuremberg Subway, which is the first German subway with driverless, automatically moving railcars, runs along this route. Nuremberg Airport (Flughafen Nürnberg "Albrecht Dürer") is the second-busiest airport in Bavaria after Munich Airport, and the tenth-busiest airport of the country.
Institutions of higher education in Nuremberg include the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), Germany's 11th-largest university, with campuses in Erlangen and Nuremberg and a university hospital in Erlangen (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen), Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm and Hochschule für Musik Nürnberg. The Nuremberg exhibition centre (Messe Nürnberg) is one of the biggest convention center companies in Germany and operates worldwide.
Nuremberg Castle and the city's walls, with their many towers, are among the most impressive in Europe. Staatstheater Nürnberg is one of the five Bavarian state theatres, showing operas, operettas, musicals, and ballets (main venue: Nuremberg Opera House), plays (main venue: Schauspielhaus Nürnberg), as well as concerts (main venue: Meistersingerhalle). Its orchestra, the Staatsphilharmonie Nürnberg, is Bavaria's second-largest opera orchestra after the Bavarian State Opera's Bavarian State Orchestra in Munich. Nuremberg is the birthplace of Albrecht Dürer and Johann Pachelbel. 1. FC Nürnberg is the most famous football club of the city and one of the most successful football clubs in Germany. Nuremberg was one of the host cities of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).
Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.
Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.
Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.
The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Laveno-Mombello ( Lavén Mumbèl in Varese dialect) is an Italian municipality of 8,405 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy . The municipality, located on the shores of Lake Maggiore , was born in 1927 from the merger of the municipalities of Laveno, Mombello on Lake Maggiore, Cerro on Lake Maggiore .
It borders to the north-east with Castelveccana , to the east with Cittiglio , to the south-east with Caravate , to the south with Leggiuno and Sangiano , and to the west with Lake Maggiore and therefore Piedmont .
It is one of the largest ports of call on the lake: in addition to the tourist port, there is a landing stage from which ferries carrying cars leave all year round for Verbania - Intra .
The center of the town is located in a large natural inlet, facing Verbania-Intra. At the northern and southern ends of the gulf there are two forts. On the north hill is Garibaldi's fort, surrounded by a park.
To the east, just above the town, is the imposing Sasso del Ferro mountain . By means of a basket lift you reach the top of the mountain, from which you can enjoy a panorama that sweeps over the lake and the pre-Alps, up to Milan .
History
In the municipality there are traces of historical settlements dating back to antiquity: in Mombello , in fact, there are traces of stilt houses dating back to 3000 BC
The name Laveno derives from that of the Roman commander Titus Labieno , who had his camp here and who had a clash with the Gauls on the Mombello hill ; from here also comes the name Mombello, "hill of battle", in Latin mons belli .
In medieval times it was a village inhabited by fishermen. The most important noble families linked to Laveno were the Visconti and the Borromeo , to whom the territory was enfeoffed, the Tinelli di Gorla, the Guilizzoni counts and the Sessa de Ceresolo , masters of the Ceresolo in Cerro hamlet. From the nineteenth century onwards it hosted the famous ceramic factories, among the largest in Europe. The factories, now closed, have nevertheless given rise to a ceramic museum, one of the most interesting museums in the city.
The municipality of Laveno-Mombello was created in 1927 by the merger of the municipalities of Cerro Lago Maggiore , Laveno and Mombello Lago Maggiore.
Symbols
The coat of arms and banner were granted by royal decree of 22 May 1933.
« Truncated : at the first in gold, at the eagle in black, with lowered flight, crowned with the same, resting on a capital, holding a bundle of lightning in its claws, loaded in the heart with a silver shield, with a crown of old-fashioned gold and surmounted by a silver star (Laveno); to the second in red, to the golden eagle, crowned with the same (Mombello). External ornaments from the Municipality.»
The banner is a blue cloth richly decorated with silver embroidery and bearing the municipal coat of arms with the inscription centered in silver: "MUNICIPALITY OF LAVENO MOMBELLO".
Monuments and places of interest
Religious architecture
The church of S. Maria in Ca' Deserta in Laveno: of remote origin, it is mentioned in a document from 1081 in which it appears to have been donated to the monastery of Cluny, together with some land. In ancient times it was dedicated, in addition to Santa Maria, also to Saints Michael and Peter. It was erected as a parish , detaching itself from the Pieve di Leggiuno , perhaps already between the 12th and 13th centuries, but in any case by the 15th century. Following the transfer of the parish title, in the 17th century, to the more central church of San Giacomo, it was progressively abandoned. Completely rebuilt in 1756 based on a design by the architect Gioachino Besozzi , it was flanked in the 19th century by the municipal cemetery. On the facade, on the sides of the entrance, there are two frescoed lunettes: the one on the right dates back to the seventeenth century and depicts Saint John the Evangelist; the one on the left, representing the Virgin, is of fourteenth-fifteenth century style and could probably belong to the ancient Romanesque church. The interior, with a single nave, stands out for the beauty and refinement of the decorations. The main altar preserves the statue of the Assumption, to which the church is dedicated; the side altars are dedicated respectively to Saint John the Baptist and the Holy Crucifix. In the churchyard in front of the church there are the aedicules of the Via Crucis which house ceramic tiles by the artist Oreste Quattrini (1990). The church serves exclusively as a cemetery.
The provost church of Saints Philip and James in Laveno (Old Church): the first information about the parish church of Laveno dates back to 1315. Originally dedicated to Saint James and, perhaps, to Saint John, it was initially a simple chapel . For convenience, as it was central to the village, it was erected as a parish at the behest of San Carlo Borromeo, but in fact there is no precise information regarding the transfer of the parish title from the church of Santa Maria to San Giacomo. The parish title appears for the first time only in 1671. The current building, dedicated to the Holy Apostles Philip and James, is the result of a series of expansions, the most important carried out in 1832 with the addition of the side nave dedicated to the Sacred Heart , on the site of the ancient oratory of the confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament. The church therefore has an asymmetrical plan, with two naves in sober neoclassical style. Inside, the organ created by the Varese native Eugenio Biroldi in 1825 and restored by the Mascioni organ house in 1986 is of great value. It is often valorised through concerts, including those of an international level, having been included for three consecutive years in the prestigious review of the Settimane Musicali of Stresa and Lake Maggiore . The church also preserves a seventeenth-century wooden statue dedicated to the Madonna del Transito and the vault frescoes created in 1907. The main altar has a beautiful wooden frontal at the base and the imposing neoclassical temple with columns with the statue of Saint John the Baptist at the top . She was elevated to the rank of provost in 1969. The ancient exposed stone bell tower, symbol of Laveno, raised in 1898 and equipped with a neo-Romanesque style belfry and conical spire, is about thirty meters high. The remarkable concert of five bells in low C was cast in 1954 by the Capanni foundry in Castelnovo ne' Monti (RE) after the removal for war reasons of the old nineteenth-century bronzes from the Mazzola foundry in Valduggia , in Valsesia .
The church of Sant'Ambrogio a Laveno (Chiesa Nuova): with its imposing size, it characterizes the panorama of the lakeside town. It was built between 1933 and 1940 based on a design by the architect Paolo Mezzanotte , but was actually completed in the sixties . Consecrated by Cardinal Ildefonso Schuster on 6 June 1940, it has a grandiose Greek cross interior with a central dome. The frescoes are by Innocente Salvini (1961), the external terracotta sculptures by Egidio Casarotti (1962).
The church of the Immaculate Conception : located near the parish church of Laveno, it dates back to 1728 and was commissioned by the noble Ferdinando Tinelli. Restored in 1980, it has a small centrally planned interior. The main altar is made of masonry, with an eighteenth-century frontal. The wooden altarpiece, shaped like a drape, contains an eighteenth-century canvas with the image of the Virgin. A crucifix is placed on the triumphal arch. Above the entrance there is a choir without an organ .
The oratory of S. Rocco : located in the historic center of Laveno, next to Villa Tinelli, it constitutes the private chapel. Dating back to the 18th century, it is a small building with an unusual octagonal plan.
The parish church of Santa Maria Ausiliatrice in the Ponte di Laveno hamlet, dating back to 1930.
The parish church of the Invention of Santo Stefano in Mombello: the church is of Romanesque origin, as attested by the descriptions of the pastoral visits of San Carlo and the stones at the base of the bell tower. It was a building with three naves of the basilica type with three frescoed apses , wider than long, in whose left nave was inserted the shaft of the current bell tower, significantly modified later. The church was rebuilt with a single nave in 1600 as attested by a plaque inside it, when it detached itself from the Leggiuno matrix and became a parish church. In 1913 it was extended towards the square and equipped with its current imposing façade , the work of Paolo Besozzi. The spacious interior preserves a splendid apse entirely frescoed in around 1612 by Giovanni Battista De Advocatis , the same one who created the frescoes in the sanctuary of Santa Caterina del Sasso. Also noteworthy is the seventeenth-century golden wooden altar, renovated at the beginning of the twentieth century. Other notable works are the Rosary Chapel, with a very spectacular baroque apparatus, the 1874 organ by the Varese brothers Pietro and Lorenzo Bernasconi and the ceramic tiles of the baptistery created by the Mombellese artist Albino Reggiori in 2003. The bell tower is equipped of five bells in E flat, cast in 1948 by the Bianchi foundry in Varese .
The oratory of Santa Maria di Corte in Mombello: mentioned in the 13th century, it is a small church dedicated to the Purification of the Virgin Mary, set in a very interesting urban context. Inside, completely restored, there is a 16th century fresco.
The oratory of San Michele : small building located at the highest point of Mombello, near the Rocca hamlet. It was rebuilt in the eighteenth century on the area of an older oratory in a state of abandonment.
The church of Saints Nazario, Celso and Defendente in Ceresolo: this is probably the oldest religious site in the municipality, certainly before 1000. The small church, formerly the parish church of Cerro and Ceresolo, was rebuilt around the 16th century. The beautiful Romanesque stone bell tower with mullioned windows survives.
The church of the Beata Vergine del Pianto in Cerro : the current parish church is the backdrop to the small square of the small lakeside village with its simple facade and the slender bell tower with the particular brick belfry. Renovated in the mid-nineteenth century, it has a small nave decorated with twentieth-century stuccoes and frescoes by the painter Orlando Tommasi .
Other places of interest
the Villa De Angeli-Frua : nestled in the eighteenth-century urban fabric of Laveno, overlooking the Gulf, is the current municipal headquarters.
The Ex Palazzo Comunale : imposing corner building right in front of the lake, located in Piazza Italia. It was built in 1878 based on designs by the architect Marco Porta , expanding the old Austrian arsenal. Today it houses some municipal offices and commercial activities under its arcades.
The Palazzo del Bostano in Mombello: it is a sixteenth-century former convent that belonged to the humiliated . It was later also used as a brewery.
The Guilizzoni-Perabò Palace in Cerro : the imposing frontispiece of the palace dominates the Cerro lakefront. The internal courtyard is surrounded by the beautiful loggia. It is home to the International Museum of Ceramic Design (MIDC).
Poggio Sant'Elsa : is a town located behind Laveno, on the slopes of Monte Sasso del Ferro , at an altitude of 974 m above sea level. It can be reached via a cableway and from the arrival terrace of the cable car you can enjoy a wide panorama of Lake Maggiore, Monte Rosa and the Alps, up to the plain.
Villa Fumagalli , in via Labiena, built in 1935 by Piero Portaluppi
Villa Bassani , an early twentieth century work by the architect Giuseppe Sommaruga .
San Michele barracks , part of the system of Austrian fortifications built in 1854 to defend the border with the Savoy state. It was the headquarters of the Italian Ceramics Society until 1898, then again a barracks (1915-1918) and a sailing centre. It is currently the headquarters of the Italian Naval League .
Headquarters of the Italian Ceramics Society , Via Buozzi 1, designed by Piero Portaluppi (1925), currently awaiting redevelopment.
Natural areas
The Sentiero del Verbano begins from Laveno , which constitutes the first realization of the Vie Verdi dei Laghi project and led to the definition of a path that links the municipalities of Sesto Calende and Laveno-Mombello passing through Taino , Angera , Ranco , Ispra , Brebbia , Besozzo , Monvalle and Leggiuno . This path is identified with the acronym VB on all vertical signs. The Verbano path has a total length of 49.6 km. Already from the first meters of the path, on the lakeside near the pier, it is possible to admire a spectacular panorama facing the opposite shore of the lake: clearly visible are Mottarone, Piancavallo and the Monte Rosa group. Leaving the town centre, the path climbs up Mount Brianza from which it is possible to appreciate a view from above of Laveno-Mombello which, as demonstrated by the morphology of its coasts, constitutes a natural port of rare beauty. After crossing the hamlet of Chiso you enter a wooded area where you can see, in addition to centuries-old chestnut trees, also sections of old dry stone walls, evidence of a certain symbiosis between the local inhabitants of the past and their territory. The path continues towards Cerro, a small town once linked to fishing activities on the lake. At Palazzo Perabò it is possible to visit the Civic Earthenware Collection. It is a museum dedicated to ceramics, one of the oldest and most characteristic manufacturing productions of Laveno-Mombello. Moving away from the coast, just outside the town centre, we enter what is one of the most naturalistically interesting areas of the entire Laveno area: the peat bog.
Furthermore, the Santa Caterina ring extends from Laveno, in the coastal strip between Laveno and Monvalle, involving what can be considered the historical-architectural jewel of the province of Varese: the Hermitage of Santa Caterina del Sasso located in the municipality of Leggiuno . In addition to it you have the opportunity to admire the small nucleus of Cerro with its panoramic lakefront and the Ceramics Museum. All the sites of great interest interspersed with panoramic windows among the most beautiful in the whole of Verbano. The path can be closed in a loop along part of the Verbano Ridge which leads back to Laveno-Mombello.
Culture
Library
Housed in the Villa De Angeli-Frua, with its over 50,000 volumes it is one of the largest in the province of Varese .
MIDeC – International Ceramic Design Museum
Property of the Municipality of Laveno Mombello, it was founded in 1971 and is open to the public in the sixteenth-century Palazzo Perabò in Cerro di Laveno. It collects the production of the Società Ceramica Italiana factory since its foundation.
Anthropic geography
According to the municipal statute , the territory of Laveno-Mombello includes the hamlets of Laveno, Mombello , Cerro and Ponte.
Economy
Laveno was a famous center for the production of ceramics in the 19th and 20th centuries , since 1856, when Carnelli, Caspani and Revelli, former employees of the Richard ceramic factory in Milan, founded the CCR ceramic company which later became known as Società Ceramica Italiana , in the sheds of a former glass factory, in the San Michele area. Merged into the Richard-Ginori group , the major factories closed their business in the nineties. There is a museum on the history of ceramics located on the lakeside, in the hamlet of Cerro.
Currently the Laveno industry has developed in the field of paper mills.
The industrial area of Laveno today hosts several small and medium-sized companies in the manufacturing and metalworking sectors. The economy is based heavily on tourist activities, especially in the summer season; Every year, the Lavenese Ferragosto attracts several thousand people to the Lungo Lago who come to watch the fireworks display.
Infrastructure and transport
Roads
The municipality is crossed by the following roads:
State road 394 of Eastern Verbano .
SP ex SS 394 towards Eastern Verbano: Cittiglio - Laveno-Mombello
SP 32 of the Two Parishes (Laveno-Mombello - Travedona Monate)
SP 69 of Santa Caterina (Sesto Calende - Luino)
Urban mobility
Interurban transport in Laveno-Mombello is carried out with scheduled bus services guaranteed by Autolinee Varesine on behalf of the Insubria Public Transport Consortium .
Railways
In Laveno there are two railway stations:
Laveno-Mombello FS : managed by RFI .
Laveno-Mombello FN : managed by Ferrovienord , it is the terminus of the line to Saronno .
Lake navigation
Near the station managed by Ferrovienord, there is the landing stage where the navigation lines of Lake Maggiore land .
Administration
The municipality is part of the Regio Insubrica working community, a cross-border cooperation body that federates some provinces of Lombardy and Piedmont and the Swiss Canton of Ticino [
Second visit to Dorchester in Dorset in over 9 years. Beyond the High Street, round the back street back to South Street.
The Dorset Shepherd - Durngate Street, Dorchester.
Bronze sculpture inspired by the poem The Shepherd o' the Farm by William Barnes, the Dorset dialect poet.
The sculptor was John Doubleday.
An' I do bide' all day among
The bleaten sheep, an' pitch their vwold.
An' when the evenen sheades be long
Do zee all a-penn'd an' twold.
from The Shepard O' the Farm by William Barnes.
Sculpture commissioned in the year 2000 by Henry Ling Limited, printers in Dorchester since 1804.
The gave of Edwin Waugh the renowned Lancashire dialect writer known as The Lancashire Burns.
Born in Rochdale in 1817 and baptised at the Parish Curch in 1818, the son of Edmund a shoemaker of Eagle Yard and his wife Elizabeth.
He served an apprenticeship as printer and when he was 43 he decided to become a full time author.
In 1861 he describes himself as "an author of long & descriptive prose"
He died in 1890 at The Hollies, Percy St., New Brighton
From a book called " Buckinghamshire Dialect " by H.Harman. Published in 1929 by Hazell,Watson and Viney Ltd. of Aylesbury. Facsimile printed in 1970 by S.R.Publishers Ltd. of East Ardsley, Yorkshire. A sequel was published in 1934 called " Sketches of the Bucks Countryside " by the Blandford Press Ltd. of London.
Stella Sidi y la intervención artística en el objeto.
Pinturas que no lo son, de la manera tradicional, ni fotos como tales, en una dialéctica contemporánea donde nada es lo que parece se exponen en un Café Bar de Buenos Aires.
Los hechos cotidianos conforman inconscientemente el entorno de nuestras realidades, gestos, ritos, pequeños placeres.
El análisis de esos detalles llevó a Stella Sidi a investigar los momentos de distensión y reflexión que se siente cada vez que un café forma parte de esos momentos especiales.
El café es un ritual placentero y de reflexión, de encuentro con amigos, insertado en la iconografía porteña.
Y…, no es el café que se toma en casa…, es el que nos acompaña fuera de ella…, quizás buscando la calidez del refugio.
En un trabajo de búsqueda de su identidad, durante más de un año tomó fotografías de esos cafés compañeros, distintas tazas, sabores y entornos.
En la post-producción, sólo diez de ellos fueron seleccionados, a los cuales intervino digitalmente, imprimiéndolos en canvas y completándolos con lápiz color.
Sidi, busca la intervención artística en el objeto, rompiendo moldes de las habituales barreras entre las distintas disciplinas.
El café como actitud crítica ante un hecho que se desconoce si se va a producir.
Investiga la cultura del misterio a partir de sus propias posibilidades expresivas, pero, a la vez, va más allá de la anécdota.
Disciplinas plásticas que poseen distintos lenguajes pero que se pueden conjugar entre sí, incluso emplazándolas sobre soportes no habituales.
Realidad ambigua y personal, que seguramente deviene universal, donde el resultado pasa a estar en el umbral entre la fotografía y la pintura.
La muestra estará abierta al público hasta el 31 de Julio en el espacio alternativo de difusión Hipólito Restó & Arte donde los transeúntes pueden convertirse en cómplices de esta realidad dual según el observador que la aprecie.
Hipólito Restó & Arte
Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Argentina
Shot taken in the church minivan on the ride home. Queens has some nice scenery compared to Brooklyn. Anyway, the ride home was nice.. talked about different accents and dialects. Compared Seoul dialect to like.. country dialect. And also compared Normal English to Slang/Caribbean English. Mad funny lulz
~
Same setup as always (until I get my new lens)
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Edit: Saturation
Selective colors
Chichester (/ˈtʃɪtʃɨstər/; Sussex dialect: Chiddester /ˈtʃɪdɨstə/) is a cathedral city in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, South-East England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings. It is the seat of a bishopric, with a 12th-century cathedral, and is home to some of the oldest churches and buildings in Great Britain.
Chichester today is a local government stronghold, with three levels of government being administered there. It is also a transport hub, and the centre for culture in the region, with a Festival theatre and two art galleries. Nearby Chichester Harbour, together with the South Downs and the city walls, provide opportunities for outdoor pursuits.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Italy. Florence - Firenze.
Orsanmichele (or "Kitchen Garden of St. Michael", from the contraction in Tuscan dialect of the Italian word orto) is a church in the Italian city of Florence. The building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele, which is now gone.
Located on the Via Calzaiuoli in Florence, the church was originally built as a grain market in 1337 by Francesco Talenti, Neri di Fioravante, and Benci di Cione. Between 1380 and 1404 it was converted into a church used as the chapel of Florence's powerful craft and trade guilds. On the ground floor of the square building are the 13th-century arches that originally formed the loggia of the grain market. The second floor was devoted to offices, while the third housed one of the city's municipal grain storehouses, maintained to withstand famine or siege. Late in the 14th century, the guilds were charged by the city to commission statues of their patron saints to embellish the facades of the church. The sculptures seen today are copies, the originals having been removed to museums
The most exciting suitcase in modern Manx literature research?
This is the suitcase that used to be owned by the Manx dialect performer, Gladys Cowell of Peel. As a avid performer and a strong motivator of Manx dialect theatre and recital more generally, she was at the centre of a lot of new writing in the 1960s, including commissioned plays by the likes of Kathleen Faragher. Through this and her collecting in and reviving the works of earlier authors, she came to amass some unique and extremely important materials relating to Manx literature. After her death, these were collected into this suitcase and deposited in the Leece Museum in Peel.
Besides original manuscript copies of works by Kathleen Faragher, J. J. Kneen and W. Clucas Kinley, the suitcase included copies of the short comic play in Manx dialect for an all-female cast:
'Mrs. Kelly's Slough'
by Christopher Shimmin
manxliterature.com/sort-by-genre/plays/mrs-kellys-slough/
The play had been effectively forgotten about, having had no reference made to it anywhere but for in a few mentions in the Manx papers nearly 100 years ago.
The play was discovered as a happy consequence of research for the Kathleen Faragher Project (a Kathleen Faragher manuscript was also found in the suitcase). Culture Vannin funding and the willing consent of the Leece Museum has meant that the play is now available on the Manx Literature website:
manxliterature.com/sort-by-genre/plays/mrs-kellys-slough/
More about the discovery can be found here:
www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/lost-manx-play-d...
The Manx Radio interview about the discovery can be listened to here:
soundcloud.com/manxliterature/manx-radio-160915-shimmin-m...
MILÁN.- (En italiano: Milano, y en dialecto milanés: Milàn ) es la mayor ciudad de la Italia septentrional y la segunda ciudad de Italia por población, capital de la provincia de Milán y de la región de Lombardía. Se encuentra ubicada en la llanura padana, una de las regiones más desarrolladas de Italia. Milán fue fundada por los celtas del norte italiano con el nombre de Midland o Médelhan alrededor del año 600 a. C., siendo más tarde conquistada por los romanos en 222 a. C., quienes la llamaron Mediolanum. Una de las explicaciones etimológicas más extendidas considera que estos nombres significan «tierra del medio», bien porque la ciudad se encuentra entre los Alpes y los Apeninos, o bien porque se halla en el centro de la llanura de Lombardía, entre los ríos Tesino y Adda. Un río más pequeño que atraviesa la ciudad se llama Olona. Desde el período romano, el desarrollo económico milanés se vio favorecido por la situación en que se encuentra la ciudad, cruce entre las arterias de comunicación principales de la zona del Po. En el siglo IV, en tiempos del obispo Ambrosio de Milán y el emperador Teodosio I, la ciudad se convirtió en capital del Imperio romano de Occidente durante un breve período.
Schweighouse-sur-Moder (en allemand Schweighausen, prononcé en dialecte local "Schweighüse") est une commune française, située dans le département du Bas-Rhin et la région Alsace. Avant le 8 septembre 1949, la commune se nommait officiellement Schweighausen. Le 5 mars 1949, son conseil municipal ayant décrété que ce nom sonnait "trop allemand", pris la résolution de changer la dénomination du village en "Schweighouse-sur-Moder". Outre la question de la sonorité allemande, une raison invoquée fut reliée à un projet de création d'un grand cimetière national français sur le territoire de la commune, et au fait que l'orthographe "Schweighausen" aurait pu poser des problèmes aux visiteurs de l'intérieur, en raison de la présence d'une commune homonyme en Haute-Alsace. Néanmoins, ce projet de cimetière tomba aux oubliettes, et le nom resta comme il est aujourd'hui.
Le nom peut être décomposé en deux termes allemands : "Schweige ", à savoir "bétail" et "Haus ", à savoir "maison, demeure". En moyen haut-allemand, le pluriel en est "Husen " tandis que, en allemand contemporain, cela donne plutôt "Hausen ". On retrouve les différentes formes en Alsace, en plus des formes ayant résulté des différents processus de francisation : "House " ou "Hause ". Orthographié "Schweighouse" ou "Schweighausen", le nom du village peut se traduire par "maisons au bétail" (au pluriel).
Le village a un homonyme dans le Haut-Rhin : Schweighouse-Thann.
Les armes de Schweighouse-sur-Moder se blasonnent ainsi : « de sinople à la tour crénelée d'or maçonnée de sable ».
Source wikipedia
A quick morning walk around Talkin Tarn Country Park
Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.
The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".
'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.
Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Carlisle City Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.
Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country. Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.
On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.
Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.
Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.
#talkin #talkintarn #talkintarncountrypark
More photos of Talkin Tarn here: www.flickr.com/photos/davidambridge/albums/72157633050144969
Photos from a short walk through the streets of downtown Stavanger. (Am I an endangered species, speaking Norwegian in Norway?)
Waiting for issuance of new ID papers.
The indigenous Kaqchikel people here, in central Guatemala, speak the Kaqchikel (Kachiquel) dialect.
IMG_8487 R1
Dumenza ( Duménsa in Varese dialect ) is an Italian municipality of 1,438 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy .
It is made up of the hamlets of Runo , Due Cossani , Stivigliano, Trezzino, Vignone and Torbera and other various localities.
Physical geography
The territory is crossed by the Rio Colmegnino , which originates in the locality of Regordallo ( Due Cossani ) from Mount Colmegnino and flows into Lake Maggiore at the level of the Colmegna di Luino hamlet . However, the valley dug in this way takes the name of Val Dumentina (also called Valle Smeralda due to its green colours). To the north of Colmegnino stands Monte Lema , which with its 1624 meters above sea level is an excellent panoramic peak, the highest in the Luinese area, served by a cable car on the Swiss side , from Miglieglia . In fact, Dumenza borders Switzerland and hosts a pedestrian crossing in Palone (Dumenza). To the north, however, it borders Val Veddasca , which can be accessed by continuing along provincial road 6.
Origins of the name
Various theories justify the toponym . The most probable is that it derives from a person's name: in the lists of "fires" (i.e. families) of the municipality, the name Dugmentio appears among some heads of families . It could derive from dux mensae or from loco mensa . In fact, only in one historical document, from another municipality, does it appear as Locomenza .
History
Two stone brackets decorated with human faces, found by the parish priest Parapini in the church, date back to 909. They are now found at the base of the tower. But these districts are already mentioned in an 18th century document which testifies how King Liutprand donated the lands of Valtravaglia to the monastery of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro in Pavia .
The bell tower of the church of San Giorgio , in Runo , seems to have had a military role in the period preceding the year one thousand , during the various barbarian invasions : the road, in fact, which led from Varese to Luino and then to Dumenza, was the only one that accessed Bellinzona , as the long lake did not exist. It was probably part of a system of towers along these valleys, of which Runo's is the only one surviving.
From the 16th century it was under the lordship of the rich and powerful Moriggia family .
In the Napoleonic era the municipality annexed Runo for the first time . The first city council was elected in 1821 . In 1928 fascism gave the municipality its current extension by incorporating Due Cossani and Runo.
Monuments and places of interest
The church of San Nazario.
The church of the Immaculate Conception (of the former institute of the Ursuline nuns).
The church of San Giorgio in Runo
The historic center of Dumenza is characterized by rural houses with large sunny balconies.
Stivigliano maintains its medieval conformation intact, with narrow streets and houses close together. An old turret [6] is visible overlooking the Val Dumentina, evidently for military purposes.
What an interesting name!
Kopi means "coffee" in Malay and Indonesian. Coffee shops (cafe) are called 'Kopi Tiam' (in local dialect) in Malaysia and Singapore.
Café Kopi, therefore, means the 'Coffee' Coffee Shop.
Meeting with Agnès de Cayeux about Dialector by Chris Marker, in the context of "Iceberg" workspace.
“In the margin of the exhibition of Chris Marker’s work, the Iceberg is a workshop, a workspace, a temporary meeting space, with plenty of analogue and digital tools, texts, images, sounds and knowledge. This meeting place, which is open to the public, will become an exhibition space, before it will disappear. During this time, it will have been used by various groups from art colleges, secondary schools and other bodies, as they engage in a conversation with a body of work, that of Chris Marker, and of memories, technical resources, and places, here, in the present, in Brussels, in Belgium.“
www.bozar.be/fr/activities/148298-opening-l-iceberg
www.bozar.be/fr/activities/148040-l-iceberg-ou-qu-est-ce-...
The name may come from the dialect word Wisht, meaning eerie or uncanny.
This ancient forest of tangled oak trees is home to the legendary whist hounds or Yeth, a pack of spectral black dogs with blood-red fangs. They issue forth from the forest at night with their master Old Crockern who leads the wild hunt.
This location is featured in Magical Places of Britain, a stunning full-colour guide to the folklore of Britain's most magical sacred sites in nature - www.themagicalplaces.com
Photo © Rob Wildwood
Trip to Jakarta/Bandung 26-30 Nov 2008 : Kawah Gunung Tangkuban Parahu
Wikipedia -
Tangkuban Perahu, or Tangkuban Parahu in local Sundanese dialect, is an active volcano 30 km north of the city of Bandung, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia. It is a popular tourist attraction where tourists can hike or ride to the edge of the crater to view the hot water springs upclose, and buy eggs cooked on its hot surface. This stratovolcano is on the island of Java and last erupted in 1983.
In April 2005 the Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation raised an alert, forbidding visitors from going up the volcano. "Sensors on the slopes of the two mountains - Anak Krakatoa on the southern tip of Sumatra Island and Tangkuban Perahu in Java - picked up an increase in volcanic activity and a build up of gases, said government volcanologist Syamsul Rizal." [2]
Local Legend of the Mountain :
The name translates roughly to "upturning of (a) boat" or "upturned boat" in Sundanese, referring to the local legend of its creation. The story tells of "Dayang Sumbi", a beauty who lived in West Java. She cast away her son "Sangkuriang" for disobedience, and in her sadness was granted the power of eternal youth by the gods. After many years in exile, Sangkuriang decided to return to his home, long after the two had forgotten and failed to recognize each other. Sangkuriang fell in love with Dayang Sumbi and planned to marry her, only for Dayang Sumbi to recognize his birthmark just as he was about to go hunting. In order to prevent the marriage from taking place, Dayang Sumbi asked Sangkuriang to (1) build a dam on the river Citarum and (2) build a large boat to cross the river, both before the sunrise. Sangkuriang meditated and summoned mythical ogre-like creatures -buta hejo or green giant(s)- to do his bidding. Dayang Sumbi saw that the tasks were almost completed and called on her workers to spread red silk cloths east of the city, to give the impression of impending sunrise. Sangkuriang was fooled, and upon believing that he had failed, kicked the dam and the unfinished boat, resulting in severe flooding and the creation of Tangkuban perahu from the hull of the boat.
Dialects of Euskera in the 19th and 21st centuries (classifications by Luis Luciano Bonaparte and Koldo Zuazo)
Azkue Foundation will lend to Cenarrusa Foundation the interactive applications which it houses in the Basque language Interpretation Centre BOISE #Jaialdi2010
Euskararen Interpretazio Zentroan, "Euskararen Etxean", euskaraz, gaztelaniaz, ingelesez eta frantzesez erakusgarri eta erabilgarri dauden euskararen historia eta aniztasunari buruzko aplikazioa elkarreragileak eta irudiak Cenarrusa Foundation-ari lagatzen zaizkio