journal photographique de concerts bruyants vus durant l'année 2004 (ici la page CURSE OV DIALECT)

Petit recueil de photos originales n&b (prises avec un appareil photo jetable rechargé!), accompagnées de bribes de souvenirs correspondant aux clichés. entièrement façonné à la main à 33 ex.

 

nb: ce projet était resté en stand-by au fond d'un carton pendant 15ans (!) avant d'être retrouvé par hasard et finalisé fin 2019.

 

En dialecto Cumanagoto “Chakau” significa “Arena”, y hace referencia al suelo del fértil valle que era dominado por el cacique.

Chacao tiene como punto de partida la vida del cacique Chacao: valiente jefe indígena de origen Caribe, temido y respetado por los conquistadores españoles, que controlaba amplias zonas del centro y este de lo que hoy conocemos como el valle de Caracas.

Según cuenta la tradición, Chacao entregó su vida durante un ataque a un campamento de soldados españoles, al rescatar a dos niños indígenas que fueron secuestrados por los conquistadores para provocar la confrontación con el jefe indígena. Durante la batalla, Chacao logra liberar a los pequeños pero cae herido de muerte, acabando así con el último bastión de resistencia indígena en Caracas.

Al fundar la ciudad de Caracas, el 25 de julio de 1567, el conquistador Diego de Losada incluyó en su jurisdicción a esa fértil llanura, que muchos visitantes, como el barón Alejandro Von Humboldt, llegaron a considerar como sitio ideal para la conformación de una ciudad.

El primer asentamiento criollo en la zona se fundó casi un siglo después, debido a la inmigración de damnificados del terremoto de San Bernabé, que dejó a Caracas en ruinas el 11 de junio de 1641.

Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Municipal del 15 de junio de 1989, la figura del Distrito Sucre desaparece, naciendo el Municipio Sucre actual, el cual es desmembrado de su parte occidental, creándose así tres nuevos municipios foráneos: Baruta, El Hatillo y Chacao.

Not your typical 'nativity' scene.....

 

As you enter Bonavista look to your right and you will see Santa and this collection of mummers and the sorts.

 

Wondering if there again this Christmas (2008)?

'C'mon Geez Yer Patter' wis set furth bi Seanchaidh Publishing (Greenock) in 1987. ISBN nummer 0 948963 30 1.

 

This buikie gies a brek doun o the byleid, or dialect, spoken in the city o Glesca an Wast o Scotland. The teetle o the buik 'C'mon Geeze Yer Patter' or, come on gie us yer patter, wad be in Inglis "Right then, give me your speel/lingo."

Photie bi Dr Dauvit Horsbroch.

The Queen’s Head is one of the oldest extant buildings in Wilcannia. It was constructed in the 1870s and purchased by in 1880 by John Penrose who became Mayor of Silverton and in 1885 opened the Lion Brewery with Edmund and Emil Resch. Although no longer operating as an hotel the building is in reasonable condition.

 

Aboriginal History of Wilcannia:

 

Wilcannia is located on the Darling River, about halfway between Bourke and Wentworth. The river is known as Barka by the local Aboriginal people or Barkandji, literally people belonging to the Barka, and it is surrounded on all sides by Barkandji speaking people. The people from along the Barka and varying distances either side from near Bourke down to Wentworth all recognised the Barkandji language as their primary language, but they were divided into subgroups with different dialects of this one language. The Barkandji language is very different from all the neighbouring languages including the adjoining Ngiyampaa/Ngemba to the east, the Kulin, and Murray River languages to the south, and the Yardli and Thura-Yura language groups to the west and north.

 

Barkandji have a unique culture and depended heavily on the grinding or pounding of seeds on large grinding dishes or mortars and pestles, such as grass, portulaca, and acacia seeds. In the riverine areas, there is a strong emphasis on aquatic plant food tubers and corms, and fish, yabbies, turtles, mussels, and shrimps as well as water birds and their eggs. Insect foods were also important, such as parti or witchetty grubs along the rivers and creeks, and termite larvae in the Mallee country. Large and small canoes were cut out, necessitating ground edge axes, and string manufacture for fish nets, hunting nets, bags, and belts was an important part of the culture. The Wilcannia area still shows tangible evidence of traditional life in the form of canoe trees, coolamon trees, middens, heat retainer ovens, ashy deposits, stone tool quarries and artefacts.

 

Thomas Mitchell led the first exploring party to reach Wilcannia and gave the Barkandji their first unpleasant taste of what was to come. Mitchell travelled via the Bogan to the Darling River near Bourke and then down the river to Wilcannia then Menindee, reaching it in July 1835. Mitchell was harassed by Barkandji as he did not understand that he had to properly negotiate permission for use of water, grass, land to camp on etc., and in addition his men were abusing women behind his back and breaking all the rules. He gave them names such as the Fire Eaters and the Spitting Tribe as they tried to warn him off. His comments show that the Barkandji groups he met occupied "different portions of the river", and that they owned the resources in their territories including the water in the river. The exclusive possession enjoyed by the Barkandji and the need to obtain permission before using any of their resources is demonstrated by the following comment about the "Spitting Tribe" from the river near Wilcannia:

 

"The Spitting Tribe desired our men to pour out the water from their buckets, as if it had belonged to them; digging, at the same time a hole in the ground to receive it when poured out; and I have more than once seen a river chief, on receiving a tomahawk, point to the stream and signify that we were then at liberty to take water from it, so strongly were they possessed with the notion that the water was their own"

 

A hill 15 kilometres north of Wilcannia was named Mount Murchison by Mitchell and this became the name of the very large original station that included the location that was to become Wilcannia township.

 

In 1862 the area northwest of Mount Murchison Station was still frontier country with continual conflict. Frederic Bonney was based at Mount Murchison homestead and then nearby Momba homestead from 1865 to 1881 and he bluntly states in his notebooks that in this period "natives killed by settlers - shot like dogs"

 

Bonney recorded extensive detail about the lives, language, culture, and personalities of the Aboriginal people at Mount Murchison/Momba and left us with extremely significant series of photos of Aboriginal people taken in this period. He does not elaborate about the way the station was set up except for his comment above. Frederic Bonney not only respected and looked after the local people but he sympathised with them, worked with them, and respected them. The Bonney papers and photographs are a treasure of information about the Aboriginal people living there between 1865 and 1881. Bonney published a paper in 1884 but long after he had returned to England to live he campaigned for the better treatment of the Aboriginal people, and he tried to educate the public about the complexity of Aboriginal culture.

 

Bonney names about 44 individual Aboriginal people living at Momba in this period, and one group photo from the same period shows a total of 38 people. Descendants of some of the people Bonney describes still live in Wilcannia and surrounding areas today.

 

Aboriginal people worked on Moomba and Mount Murchison Station, and from very early times fringe camps grew up around Wilcannia. The land straight across the River from the Wilcannia post office was gazetted as an Aboriginal Reserve, and this became the nucleus of a very large fringe camp that grew into a substantial settlement spaced out along the river bank in the 1930s to the 1970s. By 1953 the Aboriginal Welfare Board had built a series of 14 barrack-like and inappropriately designed houses in an enlarged reserve, now an attractive tree lined settlement known as the Mission (although never a mission it was beside a Catholic School and clinic, thus the name). Today Aboriginal people are the majority of the population of the vibrant, creative, and culturally active town of Wilcannia, and the main users of the post office facilities.

 

Wilcannia History:

 

The first secure pastoralists at Mount Murchison were the brothers Hugh and Bushby Jamieson of Mildura Station on the Murray, who in 1856 took up Tallandra and Moorabin blocks, later extended with other blocks and named Mount Murchison Station. Captain Cadell's paddlesteamer Albury was the first to travel up the Darling, landing flour and other stores for the Jamiesons at Mount Murchison in February 1859. The Albury then loaded 100 bales of wool from their woolshed and brought it down to Adelaide. At this time there were no other stations on the Darling between Mt Murchison and Fort Bourke. A little later:

 

"An enterprising attempt has just been made by Mr. Hugh Jamieson, of Mount Murchison, to bring fat sheep speedily to Adelaide. Mr. Jamieson having chartered Captain Cadell's steamer, Albury, that vessel was prepared, and received on board at Mildura 550 fine fat sheep. These were landed at Moorundee last Tuesday, after a rapid passage of two days, all the sheep being in splendid condition when put ashore"

 

Jamiesons sold in 1864 to Robert Barr Smith and Ross Reid from Adelaide. The brothers Edward and Frederic Bonney were leasing some adjacent blocks and possibly worked at Mount Murchison for these owners. In 1875 they bought the Mount Murchison/Momba complex, one of the largest stations in New South Wale. In 1865 it was known as Mount Murchison, in 1881 it was all known as Momba, later splitting into smaller stations. The original Mount Murchison Station homestead block was also known as Head Station or Karannia, the Barkandji name for the area just north of the town near where the Paroo River comes into the Barka. The original Mount Murchison woolshed was located on what is now Baker Park, Wilcannia, which is adjacent to the current Post Office.

 

The site of Wilcannia was selected on Mount Murchison Station in 1864 by John Chadwick Woore, who was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands of the Albert District in 1863 and was based at Wilcannia. The town was proclaimed in 1866 and in the 1870s it became a coaching centre for prospectors exploiting the region's gold, copper, silver, and opal resources, and the administrative, service, and shipping centre for the pastoral industry. Wilcannia was incorporated as a municipality in 1881, and around this time it became New South Wales biggest inland port and Australia's third largest inland port (after Echuca Victoria and Morgan South Australia). 'The Queen of the River' or 'Queen City of the West'. At the height of its prosperity around 1880, the town boasted a population of 3,000. According to the Register of the National Estate, during 1887 alone, 222 steamers took on 26,550 tonnes of wool and other goods at Wilcannia wharves. The value of goods coming down the Darling River in 1884 was 1,359,786 pounds, and included over 30,000 bales of wool. The customs house, another Wilcannia stone building now demolished, located immediately between the Post office and the river bank and wharfs, took 17,544 pounds in customs duties in 1889. Paddlesteamers gradually declined, particularly after the 1920s, although a few continued to trade up and down the river into the 1940's, still remembered by elderly Wilcannia residents.

 

Wilcannia in the 1870s and into the 1900s was the centre of the pastoral and mining boom of the far west of New South Wales, and it was the centre of the paddlesteamer river trade from the Upper Darling to the Murray River and outlets such as Adelaide and Melbourne. The frequent dry seasons and lack of water in the river led to other methods of transporting goods being used, such as camel trains, but when the water came down the river trade always returned. The river trade built Wilcannia's fine buildings, but it was also its undoing, as the New South Wales government intervened to reduce the river trade because goods were moving to and from Adelaide and Melbourne, not Sydney.

 

Plans to improve navigation on the river were suggested in 1859 after Captain Cadell's first successful voyage up the Darling that was followed by other paddlesteamers. Cadell gave evidence at a New South Wales Select Committee that the Darling would be become reliable for boats if a system of locks were built at very reasonable cost that would hold back water during the drier seasons. The plans to build locks along the Darling River to make navigation more consistent were investigated again and again, but were not realised because the New South Wales government believed trade would benefit Victoria and South Australia.

 

After the opening of the Sydney to Bourke railway line in 1885, Wilcannia lost its status as the major commercial centre of the Darling River. The trade from the far North West New South Wales then tended to go to the railhead at Bourke and straight to Sydney. There were plans in the 1880s for the railway to be run from Cobar to Wilcannia, however this plan was continuously put off. Plans for a railway to Wilcannia continued to be made throughout the 1890's and early 1900's, and including a proposal from Cobar to Broken Hill then linking to South Australia as the Great Western Railway. In 1907 "a large petition was forwarded to Sydney from Wilcannia for presentation to the Premier urging immediate construction of the Cobar-Wilcannia Railway, and subsequent extension to Broken Hill".

 

The New South Wales government attempt to stop trade leaking out of the state resulted in their refusal to build a railway to Wilcannia (as goods tended to go to Wilcannia and down the river), or to extend the railway to South Australia for the same reasons. The bend in the river on the north side of town celebrates this government intransigence by its name "Iron Pole Bend", the iron pole said to have been placed at the surveyed location of the proposed railway bridge. New South Wales eventually built a railway through the low population Ivanhoe route to the south of Wilcannia reaching Broken Hill in 1927, and even then it stopped at Broken Hill and did not join the South Australian line until 1970. The link between Broken Hill and the South Australian railway was provided from 1884 to 1970 by the narrow gauge private railway 'the Silverton Tramway', which also took trade from Wilcannia.

 

The combination of missing out on the railway and locking of the river, the severe drought on 1900 - 1901, and the damage to the pastoral economy by drought, rabbits, and over grazing, led to a down turn in Wilcannia's prospects, leaving the fine stone buildings such as the post office languishing as tangible reminders of a time when Wilcannia was known as the "Queen City of the West" and was the largest inland port in New South Wales and the third largest inland port in Australia.

 

Post Office History:

 

During the 1850s, postal services became more regular, and the great colonial investment in postal infrastructure was underway. From the 1850s, each major rural centre had a postmaster of its own as the post office became a symbol of the presence of civilisation in many outback towns. Government architects built substantial post offices in provincial towns as statements of the authority and presence of the government. The original Wilcannia Post Office was established in 1860 under the name of Mount Murchison, the name was later officially changed to Wilcannia in 1868.

 

The Wilcannia Post Office and Post Master's Residence were designed by the Colonial Architect James Barnet, the signed plan being forwarded to Wilcannia in 1878. The Post Office and Residence were part of an official precinct in Wilcannia, with the courthouse (1880), gaol (1880), and police residence (1880) built across the road and one block south. In 1876 £1,500 was allocated to the post office project. Tenders were called in August 1878 and the builder D. Baillie accepted to erect the post office, and at the same time as the builder for the Court House, Lock-Up Gaol, and Police buildings.

 

A further £3,100 of consolidated revenue was allocated to the post office and £8,200 to the courthouse and watch house in 1879. By March 1979 the post office was "in course of erection". The complex was completed by 1880, succeeding the post office set up on Mount Murchison Station in 1860 and a second weatherboard building that was used from 1866.

 

James Johnstone Barnet (1827 - 1904) was made acting Colonial Architect in 1862 and appointed Colonial Architect from 1865 - 1890. He was born in Scotland and studied in London under Charles Richardson, RIBA and William Dyce, Professor of Fine Arts at King's College, London. He was strongly influenced by Charles Robert Cockerell, leading classical theorist at the time and by the fine arts, particularly works of painters Claude Lorrain and JRM Turner. He arrived in Sydney in 1854 and worked as a self-employed builder. He served as Edmund Blacket's clerk of works on the foundations of the Randwick (Destitute Childrens') Asylum. Blacket then appointed Barnet as clerk-of-works on the Great Hall at Sydney University. By 1859 he was appointed second clerk of works at the Colonial Architect's Office and in 1861 was Acting Colonial Architect. Thus began a long career. He dominated public architecture in New South Wales, as the longest-serving Colonial Architect in Australian history. Until he resigned in 1890 his office undertook some 12,000 works, Barnet himself designing almost 1000. They included those edifices so vital to promoting communication, the law and safe sea arrivals in colonial Australia. Altogether there were 169 post and telegraph offices, 130 courthouses, 155 police buildings, 110 lockups and 20 lighthouses, including the present Macquarie Lighthouse on South Head, which replaced the earlier one designed by Francis Greenway. Barnet's vision for Sydney is most clearly seen in the Customs House at Circular Quay, the General Post Office in Martin Place, and the Lands Department and Colonial Secretary's Office in Bridge Street. There he applied the classicism he had absorbed in London, with a theatricality which came from his knowledge of art.

 

The substantial two storey attached post office residence faces the main street and more than doubles the size of the complex. This is unusual as Barnet tended to have residences on the first floor of the main building or at the rear. It relates to the remoteness and government determination to make the job attractive to the right post master, a government representative who had to be an honest employee and trusted by this remote community. It consists of four rooms on the ground floor; parlour, sitting room, kitchen, and servant's bedroom, and three bedrooms upstairs, plus various storage rooms, and a central staircase.

 

The new post office became the focal point of town, located in the main street and immediately adjacent to the wharves and customs house. In 1896 the iron bridge with lift span over the Darling River was completed and the east-west highway re-routed to go over the bridge and directly past the post office, from then on located on the busy corner of the main street and the highway. Descriptions include:

 

"the post and telegraph offices, together with the master's residence", are "both a substantial and ornamental piece of architecture"; "the post office is a very neat building indeed" with "white stone which seems to finely glisten among the dark foliage of the river timber"; "The colonnade of the post office is the Exchange of the town, and here all the business men meet daily and discuss the news of the district. Mails do not come in every day but when Her Majesty's mail coach is seen in front of the post-office there may all the people be seen gathered together. The Sydney and Melbourne papers are four days old when they reach Wilcannia, as the town is from 24 to 30 hours coaching from any railway terminus".

 

In 1890 the tender from R. B. Spiers to erect a "verandah and balcony etc" at the Post Office and Telegraph office was accepted, referring to the two storey verandah and balcony at the post office residence and possibly the small verandah on the side of the post office as well. Drawings from 1881 and 1888 show the single storey verandah of the residence, but a photo from 1894 clearly shows the two storey verandah. The two-storey verandah was added in response to the extreme climate, the wooden lined ceilings on both levels are an attempt to prevent the heat from penetrating onto the verandah, north facing wall, and windows. The two storey verandah was probably also designed by Barnet as he held the position of government architect until 1890 and its detail is similar to the 1889 Bourke post office verandah.

 

This Post Office building was in continuous use until 1997 as a post office, telegraph, then telephone exchange, and post master's residence. The post office service was then moved and the complex was used as a residence only until 2002. It became the post office again from 2013 and provides both postal and banking services for the town and surrounding stations.

 

The remoteness of Wilcannia also meant that the central post office performed a range of significant peripheral services, such as posting up government edicts and community notices, weather measurements and warnings, flood warnings and river heights, timetables and pick-up and drop-down place for coaches, mail coaches, and later mail trucks and buses. The mail coaches/mail trucks left the post office for the remote outback laden with mail, newspapers, groceries, spare parts, school lessons for outback children, and travellers (workers, family and friends and even occasionally nurses and church people). Mail coaches/mail trucks played a unique role enabling people to exist in the outback that cannot be underestimated. Mail trucks still operate out of Wilcannia delivering mail and parcels to the remote outback stations.

 

Source: New South Wales Heritage Register.

The carnival of Offida (in dialect offidano "Lu bov fint" and "Li Vlurd").

The Carnival takes place every year according to a ritual set by tradition: officially begins on January 17, the day of Saint Anthony the Abbot, and ends the day of the Ashes.

On the Friday (the first afternoon) a rudimentary bove (bull) consisting of a wooden and iron frame, covered with a white cloth and carried by a couple of men, starts to wander through the central streets of the town.

In the Palazzo Popolo the crowd, dressed with the guazzarò, a very simple white and wide dress once used for country work, encourage the bull with screams and shouts giving rise to movements that are very reminiscent of a bullfight. The chaos caused by sudden changes of direction, chases and shouts of the crowd also generate moments of tension and panic usually resolved with hilarity also thanks to another fundamental ingredient of the party that is red wine (and vin cotto), consumed copiously by all the participants. In the dark, tiredness and glamor dictated by repeated drinking, the party ends with the symbolic killing of the bull where they are made to touch the horns on a column of the town hall. The final act is a procession of the dead bull through the streets of the village singing the anthem of the carnival Offidano.

En dialecto Cumanagoto “Chakau” significa “Arena”, y hace referencia al suelo del fértil valle que era dominado por el cacique.

Chacao tiene como punto de partida la vida del cacique Chacao: valiente jefe indígena de origen Caribe, temido y respetado por los conquistadores españoles, que controlaba amplias zonas del centro y este de lo que hoy conocemos como el valle de Caracas.

Según cuenta la tradición, Chacao entregó su vida durante un ataque a un campamento de soldados españoles, al rescatar a dos niños indígenas que fueron secuestrados por los conquistadores para provocar la confrontación con el jefe indígena. Durante la batalla, Chacao logra liberar a los pequeños pero cae herido de muerte, acabando así con el último bastión de resistencia indígena en Caracas.

Al fundar la ciudad de Caracas, el 25 de julio de 1567, el conquistador Diego de Losada incluyó en su jurisdicción a esa fértil llanura, que muchos visitantes, como el barón Alejandro Von Humboldt, llegaron a considerar como sitio ideal para la conformación de una ciudad.

El primer asentamiento criollo en la zona se fundó casi un siglo después, debido a la inmigración de damnificados del terremoto de San Bernabé, que dejó a Caracas en ruinas el 11 de junio de 1641.

Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Municipal del 15 de junio de 1989, la figura del Distrito Sucre desaparece, naciendo el Municipio Sucre actual, el cual es desmembrado de su parte occidental, creándose así tres nuevos municipios foráneos: Baruta, El Hatillo y Chacao.

“Iss posh out Baff mind!”

 

From A Dictionary of Bristle by Harry Stoke and Vinny Green

www.amazon.co.uk/dp/190647785X

Perspectives’ is a series of free panel discussions held just before the first public performance of each DCPA Theatre Company staging. The 'Anna Karenina’ panel included, from left: Literary Director Douglas Langworthy, Dramaturg Allison Horsley, Voice and Dialect Director Kathy Maes, actor Timothy McCracken (Stiva), Scenic Designer Tony Cisek and actor Kate Gleason (Mother Scherbatsky). The next ‘Perspectives’ will be held before the first preview of The Whistlebower' at 6 p.m. on Friday, February 8, in the Jones Theatre. Photo by John Moore for the DCPA NewsCenter.

Christkindelsmärik (Alsatian dialect meaning "Market of the Christ Child") is a Christmas market held annually in Strasbourg, France on the Grande Île near Strasbourg Cathedral and Place Kléber. It draws in approximately 2 million visitors each year and since the arrival of TGV High Speed Train service in Strasbourg in 2007, the number of visitors has been on the rise. A substantial number of hotel rooms are booked a year in advance, and some receive between 15 and 17% of their yearly income thanks to the Christkindelsmärik's visitors. It is considered one of the most famous Christmas markets throughout Europe. It is estimated that the city benefits of a 16 million Euros profit from this 38-day-long tradition. It is mostly famous for its fragrance of mulled wine.

The Michael Players RBV, performing J. J. Kneen's 1913 Manx dialect play, 'A Lil Smook'

 

This picture was taken by Jiri Podobsky at the Manks Concert at the Peel Centenary Centre, 24 February 2018.

The event was organised by the Manx Branch of the Celtic Congress.

Thanks is owed to Jiri Podobsky for his generosity in allowing us to share the pictures here.

 

Culture Vannin exists to promote and support all aspects of culture in the Isle of Man.

www.culturevannin.im

www.facebook.com/culturevannin

www.twitter.com/CultureVannin

 

This is a traditional terracota oil container called "bombolona" in calabrese dialect. The upper part and handles are loosely enameled.

Bari (Bari dialect: Bàre; from Latin: Barium) is the capital city of the province of Bari and of the Apulia (or, in Italian, Puglia) region, on the Adriatic Sea, in Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy after Naples, and is well known as a port and university city, as well as the city of Saint Nicholas. The city itself has a decreasing population of about 320,000, as of 2009, over 116 km², while the fast-growing urban area counts 653,028 inhabitants over 203 km². Another 500,000 people live in the metropolitan area.

Bari is made up of four different urban sections. To the north is the closely built old town on the peninsula between two modern harbours, with the splendid Basilica of Saint Nicholas, the Cathedral of San Sabino (1035–1171) and the Swabian Castle built for Frederick II, which is now also a major nightlife district. To the south is the Murat quarter (erected by Joachim Murat), the modern heart of the city, which is laid out on a rectangular grid-plan with a promenade on the sea and the major shopping district (the via Sparano and via Argiro).

Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.

 

The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".

 

'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.

 

Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Cumberland Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.

 

Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country. Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.

 

On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.

 

Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.

 

Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.

 

#talkin #talkintarn #talkintarncountrypark

 

More photos of Talkin Tarn here: www.flickr.com/photos/davidambridge/albums/72157633050144969

The carnival of Offida (in dialect offidano "Lu bov fint" and "Li Vlurd").

The Carnival takes place every year according to a ritual set by tradition: officially begins on January 17, the day of Saint Anthony the Abbot, and ends the day of the Ashes.

On the Friday (the first afternoon) a rudimentary bove (bull) consisting of a wooden and iron frame, covered with a white cloth and carried by a couple of men, starts to wander through the central streets of the town.

In the Palazzo Popolo the crowd, dressed with the guazzarò, a very simple white and wide dress once used for country work, encourage the bull with screams and shouts giving rise to movements that are very reminiscent of a bullfight. The chaos caused by sudden changes of direction, chases and shouts of the crowd also generate moments of tension and panic usually resolved with hilarity also thanks to another fundamental ingredient of the party that is red wine (and vin cotto), consumed copiously by all the participants. In the dark, tiredness and glamor dictated by repeated drinking, the party ends with the symbolic killing of the bull where they are made to touch the horns on a column of the town hall. The final act is a procession of the dead bull through the streets of the village singing the anthem of the carnival Offidano.

The Aran Islands (Irish: Oileáin Árann, Aran Islands Dialect: [ˈɪlɑːn ˈɑːrənʲ], [nə ˈhɑːrənʲəxə]) are a group of three islands located at the mouth of Galway Bay, on the west coast of Ireland.

The Aran Islands, on the west coast of Ireland

The Aran Islands, on the west coast of Ireland

Aran Islands

Aran Islands

 

The largest island is Inishmore (Irish: Árainn (Mhór) or Inis Mór,[1]; Aran Islands Dialect: [ˈɑːrənʲ woːr], [ˈɪnɪɕ woːr ˈɑːrənʲ]) the middle and second-largest is Inishmaan (Inis Meáin / Inis Meadhóin; Aran Islands Dialect: [ˈɪnɪɕ mʲɑːn]), and the smallest and most eastern is Inisheer (Inis Thiar or Inis Oírr / Inis Oirthir; Aran Islands Dialect: [ˈɪnɪɕ iːr], [ˈɪnɪɕ siːr]). Irish is a spoken language on all three islands, and is the language used for the names of the islands and many of the island's villages and place names.

 

The approaches to the bay between the Aran Islands and the mainland are as follows; the North Sound / An Súnda ó Thuaidh lies between Aran and Leitir Mealláin, County Galway. It is more correctly known as Bealach Locha Lurgan in Irish. Gregory's Sound / Súnda Ghríoghóra lies between Aran and Inishmaan. It was formerly known as Bealach na h-Áite. Foul Sound / An Súnda Salach lies between Inishmaan and Inisheer it was formerly known as Bealach na Fearbhaighe. South Sound / An Súnda ó Dheas formerly known as Bealach na Fínnise lies between Inisheer and County Clare.

 

They are administratively part of County Galway.

The anti-establishment messges on this tattoo parlour door in Whitley Bay include, 'This door gans neywhere' (local dialect), 'Free speech for the dumb', 'like all scheming two faced politicians', and 'one way, their way'.

Tilburg, North-Brabant dialect.

Tilburgs Prentebuukske.

Autor; C.Robben.

 

The books (Tilburgs Prentebuukske) are available at every bookseller in Tilburg.

"Cape Matapan (Greek: Κάβο Ματαπάς, or Ματαπά in the Maniot dialect), also named as Cape Tainaron (Greek: Ακρωτήριον Ταίναρον), or Cape Tenaro, is situated at the end of the Mani Peninsula, Greece. Cape Matapan is the southernmost point of mainland Greece, and the second southernmost point in mainland Europe. It separates the Messenian Gulf in the west from the Laconian Gulf in the east.

 

"Cape Matapan has been an important place for thousands of years. The tip of Cape Matapan was the site of the ancient town Tenarus, near which there was (and still is) a cave that Greek legends claim was the home of Hades, the god of the dead. The ancient Spartans built several temples there, dedicated to various gods. On the hill situated above the cave, lie the remnants of an ancient temple dedicated to the sea god Poseidon (Νεκρομαντεῖον Ποσειδῶνος). Under the Byzantine Empire, the temple was converted into a Christian church, and Christian rites are conducted there to this day. Cape Matapan was once the place where mercenaries waited to be employed.

 

"At Cape Matapan, the Titanic's would-be rescue ship, the SS Californian, was torpedoed and sunk by German forces on 9 November 1915. In March 1941, a major naval battle, the Battle of Cape Matapan, occurred off the coast of Cape Matapan, between the Royal Navy and the Italian Regia Marina, in which the British emerged victorious in a one-sided encounter. The encounter's main result was to drastically reduce future Italian naval activity in the Eastern Mediterranean.

 

"More recently a lighthouse was constructed, but it is now in disuse."

 

Source: Wikipedia

Germignaga ( Germignaga in Varese dialect ) is an Italian municipality of 3,842 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy . It is located in the middle of Valtravaglia , on the shores of Lake Maggiore , about 30 kilometers from the center of Varese and at the foot of the Varesine Prealps .

 

The locality of Premaggio is also part of the municipality of Germignaga, which stands on a strip of land between the Tresa river and the Margorabbia . Due to its nature it was often at the center of numerous floods, but it also seems to have been inhabited already in Roman times. Here, in fact, a camp must have been built, perhaps because it was easy to defend due to the presence of the two waterways.

 

Physical geography

Territory

The Valtravaglia , in which the town is located, opens to the south-east towards Mesenzana , the Valcuvia , and to the south-west towards Porto Valtravaglia and Laveno . The territory has a surface area of ​​4.66 km² and is distributed on land that has an altitude between 193 m and 375 m above sea level. The municipal office is located at 204 m above sea level.

 

The municipality borders to the north with Cannero Riviera (separated by Lake Maggiore), to the south west with Brezzo di Bedero and Brissago Valtravaglia , to the east with Luino and to the south east with Montegrino Valtravaglia .

 

According to the seismic classification, the city is in zone 4 (irrelevant seismicity), as established by PCM ordinance no. 3274 of 20 March 2003.

 

Hydrography

Germignaga is located on the shore of Lake Maggiore and is crossed by three main waterways.

 

The Tresa river only touches the municipal territory: an emissary of Lake Lugano , it has its mouth in Lake Maggiore near the border between Germignaga and Luino . The Margorabbia stream flows into the Tresa a few hundred meters from the mouth, and crosses the entire Premaggio area. Despite the construction of the embankments, due to its torrential nature, it is the protagonist of floods, the last of which in 2014.

 

The San Giovanni stream, called La Fiume by the inhabitants, crosses the entire town of Germignaga. It is a modest-sized watercourse, which flows directly into Lake Maggiore.

 

Due to the presence of these waterways and the lake, Germignaga is periodically the victim of serious floods.

 

Climate

According to the climate classification, the inhabited center is located in zone E, 2433 GR/G. Located north of the Po Valley, in the pre-Alpine area, Germignaga has a continental climate with cold winters and many frosty days. The presence of Lake Maggiore gives the climate some Mediterranean traits . Summers are hot, humid and moderately rainy. Temperatures in this period can exceed 30°C, with humidity reaching 80%, causing mugginess . The humidity is always very high all year round. Atlantic-Mediterranean and Arctic-Russian disturbances are the main causes of atmospheric precipitation. In Germignaga, as in most of the municipalities in the pre-Alpine area, winds of western and southern origin blow. The foehn wind is also typical of the area .

 

Origins of the name

Germignaga draws its etymology either from the Germans or from Germanicus , adopted son of Tiberius . The first name is handed down from documents: it was first Germanigo and Germaniaca, then Germaniana and Germegnana, and finally Germegnaga, Lermignaca or Zermegnaga and Germignaga. . Giovanni Flecchia instead derives the name from Germanius.

 

History

The discovery of houses built on stilts and objects from the Stone and Bronze Ages has ascertained that the entire Verbano area has been inhabited since prehistoric times .

 

There are also numerous traces left by the Romans of their passage through these lands.

 

The historic center of the town with its characteristic cobbled streets, set back from the current lake shore, testifies to the antiquity of the village; being located at the mouth of the Tresa, over the years the territory has gradually "elongated" due to the alluvial carryovers of the river.

 

The first document in which mention of the town appears dates back to 11 September 807: on a deed of sale Germignaga is mentioned as belonging to the Seprio County. The map notes the following transcription: quinta in Germaniaca, in territorial civitatis Sebriensis. In that period Germignaga was the center of the Prefecture of the entire valley. This privilege lasted for hundreds of years, so much so that it is still noted in a document of sale of goods from 1174, drawn up in Bubiate, whose investiture took place in the Zermaniaga forum .

 

The ancient fortress of Germignaga dates back to around the year 1000, located in the current perimeter of the cemetery, which must have still been in good condition when the battle of Germignaga took place in 1276 between the troops led by Ottone Visconti who arrived from the lake and the Torriani. There is no longer any trace of this fortress as at the end of the 19th century its ruins were used to build the embankment along the Tresa.

 

In the 12th century, several documents reveal the presence of an important monthly market in the "intus forum" area. In a parchment from 1347 preserved in the Borromeo archive, the presence in Germignaga of a "fishpond" equipped for the exploitation of fish from the lake is documented.

 

In 1397 Germignaga became part of the new Angera County. In the 15th century, the construction of the "Ferera di Zermignaga" remained at project stage, which was to produce iron and its derivatives in an industrial manner, exploiting the waterways to drive the hammers. Also in the 15th century, in the Trivulzian coat of arms which shows over 200 coats of arms of families and communities of the ancient duchy of Milan, the coat of arms of the "De Germignaga" family is depicted, which will also be adopted by the City Council in 1986. In 1555 it was an important center for the trade of wood, coal, wine and fish.

 

In 1928 the fascist government imposed the annexation of Germignaga to the Municipality of Luino , an imposition never accepted by the people of Germignaga, so much so that at the end of the Second World War a group of citizens promoted a collection of signatures presented to the Ministry of the Interior to request the return to administrative autonomy, which will be granted at the end of 1947.

 

Symbols

The coat of arms and the banner were granted by decree of the President of the Republic of 6 January 1961.

 

«The Municipality of Germignaga has a coat of arms representing a two-span bridge over a stretch of river with mountains and cypresses in the background, all surmounted by a white swan on a red field.»

 

The banner is a truncated cloth of blue and red.

 

Monuments and places of interest

Religious architecture

Churches

The parish church of Saints Giovanni Battista and Rocco , whose ancient nucleus was built in 1490 on the occasion of a plague epidemic, was enlarged to reach the current structure in 1835. Of Baroque architecture, it retains, at inside, a neoclassical organ from 1852, the work of Francesco Carnisi .

The church of San Giovanni, once a parish church, is located near the cemetery. Dating back to 1000-1100 but then enlarged in the 17th and 18th centuries, it was confined within the perimeter of the medieval fortress. Only the bell tower survives of the original Romanesque church. It was recently restored following two fires.

The church of San Carlo , built in 1664 in honor of San Carlo Borromeo thanks to the contribution of the population. Partially destroyed by lightning in 1841, it was rebuilt with the help of some parishioners.

The church of Santa Veronica is built in a modern style in the 1960s .

Cemeteries

Next to the church of San Giovanni is the cemetery, inside which there is a representation of the Via Crucis dating back to 1828 and restored around 2006.

 

Civil architecture

The building of the former heliotherapy colony, also known by the name of bislunga , stands on the shore of Lake Maggiore. Built in the early 20th century, it owes its nickname to its architectural shape, with slender lines towards the lake, almost reminiscent of a docked ship. The structure is actually positioned at the end of the lake and goes into it for a few dozen metres. Initially used as a landing stage and then as a recreational place, in 1929, under the fascist government, it was arranged and adapted into a heliotherapy colony thanks to the project of the surveyor Gracchi. For years, in the summer, it was frequented by hundreds of children. Due to the flooding of the lake, it suffered numerous damages over time, until, in 2009, the municipal administration decided to restore the entire building.

 

Parks and natural areas

"Le Fontanelle" Park

"Boschetto" park, with an amphitheater dedicated to Renzo Villa

Park "1st May"

"Silvio Fiorini" cycle path

"Alto Verbano" path, hiking itinerary in the San Giovanni valley

Islet at the mouth of the Tresa

The dynamics of nature , such as the water level of the lake with the relative wave motion, the flow rate and the current of the river, influence the morphology of the area over time: an example is the islet at the mouth of the Tresa, formed thanks to the accumulation of sand and pebbles brought by the river and the lake. Although the area is not subject to any regulatory protection, it has become a point of reference for fish and bird fauna. During migration periods , in fact, numerous species of birds in transit in the corridor of Lake Maggiore, some rare, others common, stop in the biotope and leave within a few days for journeys that can reach even thousands of kilometres.

 

Foreign ethnic groups and minorities

According to ISTAT data as of 1 January 2015, the resident foreign population was 306 people.

 

The most represented nationalities based on their percentage of the total resident population are:

 

Morocco 54 - 17.65%

Albania 46 - 15.03%

Ukraine 31 - 10.13%

China 23 - 7.52%

Romania 20 - 6.54%

Germany 20 - 6.54%

 

Languages ​​and dialects

In addition to the Italian language , the local Varese dialect , a variant of the Lombard language , is used in Germignaga . However, there are some differences from the dialect spoken in the city of Varese, as Germignaga is influenced by the local dialects of the nearby Valcuvia and Valtravaglia, as well as the Canton of Ticino . Like all Western Lombard dialects , Varese is essentially a Romance language derived from Latin . The use of Varese is slowly regressing, although less markedly than other Lombard dialects.

 

Religion

The majority of the population is Catholic . The immigration of EU and non-EU citizens has led to the settlement of Muslim and Orthodox minorities .

 

In the municipality there is the parish of San Giovanni Battista , which belongs to the Archdiocese of Milan and all masses are celebrated in the Ambrosian rite. The oldest Parish Registers date back to 1563, and since then the series of parish priests has been known almost without gaps. Governed in 2015 by the parish priest Don Giorgio Basilio.

 

Traditions and folklore

The town keeps some traditions alive, deeply felt by the Germignaghesi and also followed by tourists.

 

The Intiéro procession , ( Good Friday ) has taken place since 1686. The procession winds throughout the historic centre, and is made up of figures. The Confraternity of the SS. Sacramento carries a heavy metal and glass urn, in which is placed a wooden simulacrum with movable arms of Christ, who is taken down from the cross during the service preceding the service.

The feast of the Madonna del Rosario (first Sunday of October), a procession through the streets of the town. After the religious function, the auction of gifts takes place in the square in front of the parish church, where baskets of mushrooms, game, cakes and other products are auctioned off. The donations collected are allocated to parish activities. Also linked to this festival is the production of a typical dessert, the crunchy one , prepared with almonds, sugar and honey.

If brusa ul vecc (31 December), hundreds of people crowd on the banks of the San Giovanni stream to witness the burning of a papier-mâché puppet, which represents the old year. The party is accompanied by the music of the band, mulled wine and chocolate.

 

Culture

Education

Three schools are located in Germignaga: the private private nursery school, which until 2010 was managed by the Sisters of Charity of the Holy Cross , the " Giovanni Pascoli " elementary school whose structure dates back to 1932 , and the " Vittorio Sereni " middle school. The latter two belong to the Germignaga State Comprehensive Institute .

 

The municipal library located in the cultural center has been active since 2013.

 

Sports

Germignaga hosts numerous associations that promote sports, in particular rowing, football, judo, running, volleyball, basketball and mountaineering. The structures mainly used for training and competitions by the various clubs are the middle school gym, the cycle and pedestrian path that connects Luino to Valcuvia and the catchment area of ​​Lake Maggiore .

 

Since 2010, the Germignaga vive di Sport event has taken place in the summer . The event organized by the Municipality involves all the associations, sporting and otherwise, of Germignaga.

 

Since 2003, the 24 hours of Slot car Verbano has taken place annually , an event that is part of the European Endurance Championship and sees the participation of teams from all over Europe.

 

Since 1981, the "Camminata Alto Verbano" has taken place, an international free-pace running event organized on the second Sunday of May by the Alto Verbano Running Group of Germignaga.

 

Economy

Between the 19th and 20th centuries Germignaga was a highly industrialized city, particularly in the textile sector, in which hundreds of people worked. The point of reference was the Huber factory , built in 1839, which together with the other factories constituted a first-rate industrial centre. After the Second World War the large industrial complexes were dismantled. Currently the economy is based on small local businesses and the tourism sector. The cross-border workforce is very strong, i.e. the presence of Italian workers who travel daily to nearby Switzerland for work.

 

Infrastructure and transport

Roads

The main road routes of Germignaga are:

 

Verbano Orientale state road 394 to Varese ;

Provincial Road 69 of Santa Caterina for Laveno Mombello and Sesto Calende ;

Railways

Germignaga is crossed by a railway line , but does not have its own station.

 

Lake transport

The Germignaga pier was active from 1909 until the end of the 1920s, then the structure was refurbished and transformed into a heliotherapy colony.

 

Urban mobility

The city has a system of urban and interurban buses. The services are managed by the Autolinee Varesine Srl company on behalf of the CTPI (Insubria Public Transport Consortium).

 

Administration

Germignaga is part of the Valli del Verbano Mountain Community . In the periods 1809-1816 and 1928-1947 it was part of the municipality of Luino following the municipal territorial restructuring carried out in the Napoleonic and fascist periods.

From the official Aberdeen Wild Dolphins website: The Wild Dolphins have officially hit the streets of Aberdeen!

 

The city is hosting the Wild Dolphins project, which has seen 50 spectacular life-sized fibreglass sculptures of bottlenose dolphins – usually spotted off the North-east coast – popping up all over town.

 

Organised by Wild in Art with The ARCHIE Foundation, the official charity of the Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, and Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC), the dolphins can be seen until August 29, before being auctioned to raise money for the two charities.

 

The finished designs include a pirate, a diver and Spiderman, and dolphins made of mosaics, wool and willow, so there is sure to be something that appeals to everyone – we’d love to hear which is your favourite!

 

Our talented artists have taken inspiration from the sea, trees, birds, space, local industry, the Northern Lights and the media.

 

Locations include the beach esplanade, Footdee, Aberdeen Harbour, Duthie Park, Hazlehead Park, Marischal College, the Castlegate, Aberdeen University, Union Square, Bon Accord and St Nicholas Centres and Balnagask Golf Course, as well as Torry Battery, a known hotspot for watching real dolphins.

Manarola (Manaea, in the local dialect) is a small town, a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Riomaggiore, in the province of La Spezia (Liguria, northern Italy). It is the second smallest of the famous Cinque Terre cities frequented by tourists.

 

Manarola may be the oldest of the cities in the Cinque Terre, with the cornerstone of the church, San Lorenzo, dating from 1338. The local dialect is Manarolese, which is marginally different from the dialects in the nearby area. The name "Manarola" is probably dialectical evolution of the Latin, "magna rota".

Ah yes another colloquialism originating from old English dialect. The meaning of scrumping is generally thought of as stealing apples from someone's orchard. However it sometimes means gathering windfalls off the ground. Scrumping was, other than the odd unpaid train fare, my one and only childhood flirtation with criminal activity. Hopefully there isn't a police department investigating historical orchard misdemeanours. For this particular bounty picked in St Germans, Cornwall, I did have permission from the landowner so I can happily sleep at night. There are probably four varieties in the basket. Egremont Russet for sure. Also the excellent juicy James Grieve which is one of my favourite English apples. As for the other two, as yet I haven't tried them. One is large, green and knobbly with grey blotches. Not a looker. Probably a cooker. Of course with the ever evolving English language the word 'scrumping' has now been (mis)appropriated into slang and apparently means 'the act of sexual intercourse without romantic implications often in an awkward, uncomfortable setting'. Oh dear.

The indigenous Kaqchikel people here, in central Guatemala, speak the Kaqchikel (Kachiquel) dialect.

 

IMG_8467 R1

 

"Cape Matapan (Greek: Κάβο Ματαπάς, or Ματαπά in the Maniot dialect), also named as Cape Tainaron (Greek: Ακρωτήριον Ταίναρον), or Cape Tenaro, is situated at the end of the Mani Peninsula, Greece. Cape Matapan is the southernmost point of mainland Greece, and the second southernmost point in mainland Europe. It separates the Messenian Gulf in the west from the Laconian Gulf in the east.

 

"Cape Matapan has been an important place for thousands of years. The tip of Cape Matapan was the site of the ancient town Tenarus, near which there was (and still is) a cave that Greek legends claim was the home of Hades, the god of the dead. The ancient Spartans built several temples there, dedicated to various gods. On the hill situated above the cave, lie the remnants of an ancient temple dedicated to the sea god Poseidon (Νεκρομαντεῖον Ποσειδῶνος). Under the Byzantine Empire, the temple was converted into a Christian church, and Christian rites are conducted there to this day. Cape Matapan was once the place where mercenaries waited to be employed.

 

"At Cape Matapan, the Titanic's would-be rescue ship, the SS Californian, was torpedoed and sunk by German forces on 9 November 1915. In March 1941, a major naval battle, the Battle of Cape Matapan, occurred off the coast of Cape Matapan, between the Royal Navy and the Italian Regia Marina, in which the British emerged victorious in a one-sided encounter. The encounter's main result was to drastically reduce future Italian naval activity in the Eastern Mediterranean.

 

"More recently a lighthouse was constructed, but it is now in disuse."

 

Source: Wikipedia

"Cape Matapan (Greek: Κάβο Ματαπάς, or Ματαπά in the Maniot dialect), also named as Cape Tainaron (Greek: Ακρωτήριον Ταίναρον), or Cape Tenaro, is situated at the end of the Mani Peninsula, Greece. Cape Matapan is the southernmost point of mainland Greece, and the second southernmost point in mainland Europe. It separates the Messenian Gulf in the west from the Laconian Gulf in the east.

 

"Cape Matapan has been an important place for thousands of years. The tip of Cape Matapan was the site of the ancient town Tenarus, near which there was (and still is) a cave that Greek legends claim was the home of Hades, the god of the dead. The ancient Spartans built several temples there, dedicated to various gods. On the hill situated above the cave, lie the remnants of an ancient temple dedicated to the sea god Poseidon (Νεκρομαντεῖον Ποσειδῶνος). Under the Byzantine Empire, the temple was converted into a Christian church, and Christian rites are conducted there to this day. Cape Matapan was once the place where mercenaries waited to be employed.

 

"At Cape Matapan, the Titanic's would-be rescue ship, the SS Californian, was torpedoed and sunk by German forces on 9 November 1915. In March 1941, a major naval battle, the Battle of Cape Matapan, occurred off the coast of Cape Matapan, between the Royal Navy and the Italian Regia Marina, in which the British emerged victorious in a one-sided encounter. The encounter's main result was to drastically reduce future Italian naval activity in the Eastern Mediterranean.

 

"More recently a lighthouse was constructed, but it is now in disuse."

 

Source: Wikipedia

Dana Green (left, Marianne in "Constellations") and Mary McDonald-Lewis (dialect coach) learn about beekeeping from Tim Wessels (back center) and Scott Sutton.

 

Members of the "Constellations" cast and creative team visited an apiary to learn about beekeeping from local beekeeper Tim Wessels.

 

Photo by Kate Szrom.

 

CONSTELLATIONS

May 13 — June 11, 2017

On the U.S. Bank Main Stage

Previews are May 13-18 | Opening night May 19

By Nick Payne

Directed by Chris Coleman

Starring Silas Weir Mitchell (Monroe on NBC’s Grimm)

This spellbinding, romantic journey begins with a simple encounter between a man and a woman. But what happens next defies the boundaries of the world we think we know delving into the infinite possibilities of their relationship and raising questions about the difference between choice and destiny. Imagine: What if everything you’ve ever done exists along with everything you’ve never done?

 

www.pcs.org/constellations

ARTillerie (ADN Dialect)

Director Artístico Angelo Dello Iacono

Interpretes Philia Maillardeet, Angelo Dello Iacono, Carlos Martínez y Vincent Morelle

Música Stephane Friedli

Karité significa "vida" en dialecto africano. Extra de Karité= Extra de hidratación.

Su composición en ácidos grasos le confiere propiedades hidratantes y nutritivas fuera de lo común, pero sobre todo es en su fracción insaponificable donde hay que buscar las increíbles propiedades de esta manteca: estimulante de la cicatrización, calmante de pieles irritadas y protectora contra los rayos UV.

A este jabón no le hemos añadido ningún aceite esencial ni aroma para mantener la pureza del karité.

 

Ingredientes: Aceites de Oliva, coco, ricino, mantecas de cacao y Extra de Karite, agua de manantial, hidróxido de sodio

Die beliebten schwäbischen Mundartschauspieler Albin Braig und Karlheinz Hartmann, besser bekannt als „Hannes und der Bürgermeister“, waren am 10.Dezember 2019 am Stand von "Weihnachtsmann & Co" auf dem Stuttgarter Weihnachtsmarkt zu Gast, um karitative Einrichtungen und Organisationen in Stuttgart und der Region mit dem Verkauf ihrer neuesten DVD zu unterstützen.

Auch ich schaute bei den beiden berühmten Schwaben vorbei um mir auf ihrer neuesten DVD ein Autogramm geben zu lassen und mit ihnen für ein gemeinsames Foto zu posieren.

 

Helmut Heisig meets dialect actor Albin Braig ("Hannes") and dialect actor Karlheinz Hartmann ("Mayor"), Christmas Market Stuttgart (Germany), December 10th, 2019

 

The popular Swabian dialect actors Albin Braig and Karlheinz Hartmann, better known as "Hannes und der Bürgermeister (Hannes and the mayor)", were guests at the booth of "Weihnachtsmann & Co (Santa Claus & Co)" on December 10th, 2019 at the Stuttgart Christmas market to support charitable institutions and organizations in Stuttgart and the Region with the sale of their latest DVD.

I also stopped by the two famous Swabians to get an autograph on their latest DVD and to pose with them for a joint photo.

 

Bali is an island and province of Indonesia. The province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nusa Ceningan. It is located at the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. Its capital of Denpasar is located at the southern part of the island.

 

With a population of 3,890,757 in the 2010 census, and 4,225,000 as of January 2014, the island is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority. According to the 2010 Census, 83.5% of Bali's population adhered to Balinese Hinduism, followed by 13.4% Muslim, Christianity at 2.5%, and Buddhism 0.5%.

 

Bali is a popular tourist destination, which has seen a significant rise in numbers since the 1980s. It is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking, and music. The Indonesian International Film Festival is held every year in Bali.

 

Bali is part of the Coral Triangle, the area with the highest biodiversity of marine species. In this area alone over 500 reef building coral species can be found. For comparison, this is about 7 times as many as in the entire Caribbean. There is a wide range of dive sites with high quality reefs, all with their own specific attractions. Many sites can have strong currents and swell, so diving without a knowledgeable guide is inadvisable. Most recently, Bali was the host of the 2011 ASEAN Summit, 2013 APEC and Miss World 2013.

 

HISTORY

ANCIENT

Bali was inhabited around 2000 BC by Austronesian people who migrated originally from Southeast Asia and Oceania through Maritime Southeast Asia. Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are closely related to the people of the Indonesian archipelago, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Oceania. Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island's west.

 

In ancient Bali, nine Hindu sects existed, namely Pasupata, Bhairawa, Siwa Shidanta, Waisnawa, Bodha, Brahma, Resi, Sora and Ganapatya. Each sect revered a specific deity as its personal Godhead.

 

Inscriptions from 896 and 911 don't mention a king, until 914, when Sri Kesarivarma is mentioned. They also reveal an independent Bali, with a distinct dialect, where Buddhism and Sivaism were practiced simultaneously. Mpu Sindok's great granddaughter, Mahendradatta (Gunapriyadharmapatni), married the Bali king Udayana Warmadewa (Dharmodayanavarmadeva) around 989, giving birth to Airlangga around 1001. This marriage also brought more Hinduism and Javanese culture to Bali. Princess Sakalendukirana appeared in 1098. Suradhipa reigned from 1115 to 1119, and Jayasakti from 1146 until 1150. Jayapangus appears on inscriptions between 1178 and 1181, while Adikuntiketana and his son Paramesvara in 1204.

 

Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian, Chinese, and particularly Hindu culture, beginning around the 1st century AD. The name Bali dwipa ("Bali island") has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the Blanjong pillar inscription written by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 914 AD and mentioning "Walidwipa". It was during this time that the people developed their complex irrigation system subak to grow rice in wet-field cultivation. Some religious and cultural traditions still practised today can be traced to this period.

 

The Hindu Majapahit Empire (1293–1520 AD) on eastern Java founded a Balinese colony in 1343. The uncle of Hayam Wuruk is mentioned in the charters of 1384-86. A mass Javanese emigration occurred in the next century.

 

PORTUGUESE CONTACTS

The first known European contact with Bali is thought to have been made in 1512, when a Portuguese expedition led by Antonio Abreu and Francisco Serrão sighted its northern shores. It was the first expedition of a series of bi-annual fleets to the Moluccas, that throughout the 16th century usually traveled along the coasts of the Sunda Islands. Bali was also mapped in 1512, in the chart of Francisco Rodrigues, aboard the expedition. In 1585, a ship foundered off the Bukit Peninsula and left a few Portuguese in the service of Dewa Agung.

 

DUTCH EAST INDIA

In 1597 the Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman arrived at Bali, and the Dutch East India Company was established in 1602. The Dutch government expanded its control across the Indonesian archipelago during the second half of the 19th century (see Dutch East Indies). Dutch political and economic control over Bali began in the 1840s on the island's north coast, when the Dutch pitted various competing Balinese realms against each other. In the late 1890s, struggles between Balinese kingdoms in the island's south were exploited by the Dutch to increase their control.

 

In June 1860 the famous Welsh naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, travelled to Bali from Singapore, landing at Buleleng on the northcoast of the island. Wallace's trip to Bali was instrumental in helping him devise his Wallace Line theory. The Wallace Line is a faunal boundary that runs through the strait between Bali and Lombok. It has been found to be a boundary between species of Asiatic origin in the east and a mixture of Australian and Asian species to the west. In his travel memoir The Malay Archipelago, Wallace wrote of his experience in Bali:

 

I was both astonished and delighted; for as my visit to Java was some years later, I had never beheld so beautiful and well-cultivated a district out of Europe. A slightly undulating plain extends from the seacoast about ten or twelve miles inland, where it is bounded by a fine range of wooded and cultivated hills. Houses and villages, marked out by dense clumps of coconut palms, tamarind and other fruit trees, are dotted about in every direction; while between them extend luxurious rice-grounds, watered by an elaborate system of irrigation that would be the pride of the best cultivated parts of Europe.

 

The Dutch mounted large naval and ground assaults at the Sanur region in 1906 and were met by the thousands of members of the royal family and their followers who fought against the superior Dutch force in a suicidal puputan defensive assault rather than face the humiliation of surrender. Despite Dutch demands for surrender, an estimated 200 Balinese marched to their death against the invaders. In the Dutch intervention in Bali, a similar massacre occurred in the face of a Dutch assault in Klungkung.

 

AFTERWARD THE DUTCH GOVERNORS

exercised administrative control over the island, but local control over religion and culture generally remained intact. Dutch rule over Bali came later and was never as well established as in other parts of Indonesia such as Java and Maluku.

 

n the 1930s, anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, artists Miguel Covarrubias and Walter Spies, and musicologist Colin McPhee all spent time here. Their accounts of the island and its peoples created a western image of Bali as "an enchanted land of aesthetes at peace with themselves and nature." Western tourists began to visit the island.

 

Imperial Japan occupied Bali during World War II. It was not originally a target in their Netherlands East Indies Campaign, but as the airfields on Borneo were inoperative due to heavy rains, the Imperial Japanese Army decided to occupy Bali, which did not suffer from comparable weather. The island had no regular Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) troops. There was only a Native Auxiliary Corps Prajoda (Korps Prajoda) consisting of about 600 native soldiers and several Dutch KNIL officers under command of KNIL Lieutenant Colonel W.P. Roodenburg. On 19 February 1942 the Japanese forces landed near the town of Senoer [Senur]. The island was quickly captured.

 

During the Japanese occupation, a Balinese military officer, Gusti Ngurah Rai, formed a Balinese 'freedom army'. The harshness of war requisitions made Japanese rule more resented than Dutch rule. Following Japan's Pacific surrender in August 1945, the Dutch returned to Indonesia, including Bali, to reinstate their pre-war colonial administration. This was resisted by the Balinese rebels, who now used recovered Japanese weapons. On 20 November 1946, the Battle of Marga was fought in Tabanan in central Bali. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, by then 29 years old, finally rallied his forces in east Bali at Marga Rana, where they made a suicide attack on the heavily armed Dutch. The Balinese battalion was entirely wiped out, breaking the last thread of Balinese military resistance.

 

INDIPENDENCE FROM THE DUTCH

In 1946, the Dutch constituted Bali as one of the 13 administrative districts of the newly proclaimed State of East Indonesia, a rival state to the Republic of Indonesia, which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali was included in the "Republic of the United States of Indonesia" when the Netherlands recognised Indonesian independence on 29 December 1949.

 

CONTEMPORARY

The 1963 eruption of Mount Agung killed thousands, created economic havoc and forced many displaced Balinese to be transmigrated to other parts of Indonesia. Mirroring the widening of social divisions across Indonesia in the 1950s and early 1960s, Bali saw conflict between supporters of the traditional caste system, and those rejecting this system. Politically, the opposition was represented by supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI), with tensions and ill-feeling further increased by the PKI's land reform programs. An attempted coup in Jakarta was put down by forces led by General Suharto.

 

The army became the dominant power as it instigated a violent anti-communist purge, in which the army blamed the PKI for the coup. Most estimates suggest that at least 500,000 people were killed across Indonesia, with an estimated 80,000 killed in Bali, equivalent to 5% of the island's population. With no Islamic forces involved as in Java and Sumatra, upper-caste PNI landlords led the extermination of PKI members.

 

As a result of the 1965/66 upheavals, Suharto was able to manoeuvre Sukarno out of the presidency. His "New Order" government reestablished relations with western countries. The pre-War Bali as "paradise" was revived in a modern form. The resulting large growth in tourism has led to a dramatic increase in Balinese standards of living and significant foreign exchange earned for the country. A bombing in 2002 by militant Islamists in the tourist area of Kuta killed 202 people, mostly foreigners. This attack, and another in 2005, severely reduced tourism, producing much economic hardship to the island.

 

GEOGRAPHY

The island of Bali lies 3.2 km east of Java, and is approximately 8 degrees south of the equator. Bali and Java are separated by the Bali Strait. East to west, the island is approximately 153 km wide and spans approximately 112 km north to south; administratively it covers 5,780 km2, or 5,577 km2 without Nusa Penida District, its population density is roughly 750 people/km2.

 

Bali's central mountains include several peaks over 3,000 metres in elevation. The highest is Mount Agung (3,031 m), known as the "mother mountain" which is an active volcano rated as one of the world's most likely sites for a massive eruption within the next 100 years. Mountains range from centre to the eastern side, with Mount Agung the easternmost peak. Bali's volcanic nature has contributed to its exceptional fertility and its tall mountain ranges provide the high rainfall that supports the highly productive agriculture sector. South of the mountains is a broad, steadily descending area where most of Bali's large rice crop is grown. The northern side of the mountains slopes more steeply to the sea and is the main coffee producing area of the island, along with rice, vegetables and cattle. The longest river, Ayung River, flows approximately 75 km.

 

The island is surrounded by coral reefs. Beaches in the south tend to have white sand while those in the north and west have black sand. Bali has no major waterways, although the Ho River is navigable by small sampan boats. Black sand beaches between Pasut and Klatingdukuh are being developed for tourism, but apart from the seaside temple of Tanah Lot, they are not yet used for significant tourism.

 

The largest city is the provincial capital, Denpasar, near the southern coast. Its population is around 491,500 (2002). Bali's second-largest city is the old colonial capital, Singaraja, which is located on the north coast and is home to around 100,000 people. Other important cities include the beach resort, Kuta, which is practically part of Denpasar's urban area, and Ubud, situated at the north of Denpasar, is the island's cultural centre.

 

Three small islands lie to the immediate south east and all are administratively part of the Klungkung regency of Bali: Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan. These islands are separated from Bali by the Badung Strait.

 

To the east, the Lombok Strait separates Bali from Lombok and marks the biogeographical division between the fauna of the Indomalayan ecozone and the distinctly different fauna of Australasia. The transition is known as the Wallace Line, named after Alfred Russel Wallace, who first proposed a transition zone between these two major biomes. When sea levels dropped during the Pleistocene ice age, Bali was connected to Java and Sumatra and to the mainland of Asia and shared the Asian fauna, but the deep water of the Lombok Strait continued to keep Lombok Island and the Lesser Sunda archipelago isolated.

 

CLIMATE

Being just 8 degrees south of the equator, Bali has a fairly even climate year round.

 

Day time temperatures at low elevations vary between 20-33⁰ C although it can be much cooler than that in the mountains. The west monsoon is in place from approximately October to April and this can bring significant rain, particularly from December to March. Outside of the monsoon period, humidity is relatively low and any rain unlikely in lowland areas.

 

ECOLOGY

Bali lies just to the west of the Wallace Line, and thus has a fauna that is Asian in character, with very little Australasian influence, and has more in common with Java than with Lombok. An exception is the yellow-crested cockatoo, a member of a primarily Australasian family. There are around 280 species of birds, including the critically endangered Bali myna, which is endemic. Others Include barn swallow, black-naped oriole, black racket-tailed treepie, crested serpent-eagle, crested treeswift, dollarbird, Java sparrow, lesser adjutant, long-tailed shrike, milky stork, Pacific swallow, red-rumped swallow, sacred kingfisher, sea eagle, woodswallow, savanna nightjar, stork-billed kingfisher, yellow-vented bulbul and great egret.

 

Until the early 20th century, Bali was home to several large mammals: the wild banteng, leopard and the endemic Bali tiger. The banteng still occurs in its domestic form, whereas leopards are found only in neighbouring Java, and the Bali tiger is extinct. The last definite record of a tiger on Bali dates from 1937, when one was shot, though the subspecies may have survived until the 1940s or 1950s. The relatively small size of the island, conflict with humans, poaching and habitat reduction drove the Bali tiger to extinction. This was the smallest and rarest of all tiger subspecies and was never caught on film or displayed in zoos, whereas few skins or bones remain in museums around the world. Today, the largest mammals are the Javan rusa deer and the wild boar. A second, smaller species of deer, the Indian muntjac, also occurs. Saltwater crocodiles were once present on the island, but became locally extinct sometime during the last century.

 

Squirrels are quite commonly encountered, less often is the Asian palm civet, which is also kept in coffee farms to produce Kopi Luwak. Bats are well represented, perhaps the most famous place to encounter them remaining the Goa Lawah (Temple of the Bats) where they are worshipped by the locals and also constitute a tourist attraction. They also occur in other cave temples, for instance at Gangga Beach. Two species of monkey occur. The crab-eating macaque, known locally as "kera", is quite common around human settlements and temples, where it becomes accustomed to being fed by humans, particularly in any of the three "monkey forest" temples, such as the popular one in the Ubud area. They are also quite often kept as pets by locals. The second monkey, endemic to Java and some surrounding islands such as Bali, is far rarer and more elusive is the Javan langur, locally known as "lutung". They occur in few places apart from the Bali Barat National Park. They are born an orange colour, though by their first year they would have already changed to a more blackish colouration. In Java however, there is more of a tendency for this species to retain its juvenile orange colour into adulthood, and so you can see a mixture of black and orange monkeys together as a family. Other rarer mammals include the leopard cat, Sunda pangolin and black giant squirrel.

 

Snakes include the king cobra and reticulated python. The water monitor can grow to at least 1.5 m in length and 50 kg and can move quickly.

 

The rich coral reefs around the coast, particularly around popular diving spots such as Tulamben, Amed, Menjangan or neighbouring Nusa Penida, host a wide range of marine life, for instance hawksbill turtle, giant sunfish, giant manta ray, giant moray eel, bumphead parrotfish, hammerhead shark, reef shark, barracuda, and sea snakes. Dolphins are commonly encountered on the north coast near Singaraja and Lovina.

 

A team of scientists conducted a survey from 29 April 2011 to 11 May 2011 at 33 sea sites around Bali. They discovered 952 species of reef fish of which 8 were new discoveries at Pemuteran, Gilimanuk, Nusa Dua, Tulamben and Candidasa, and 393 coral species, including two new ones at Padangbai and between Padangbai and Amed. The average coverage level of healthy coral was 36% (better than in Raja Ampat and Halmahera by 29% or in Fakfak and Kaimana by 25%) with the highest coverage found in Gili Selang and Gili Mimpang in Candidasa, Karangasem regency.

 

Many plants have been introduced by humans within the last centuries, particularly since the 20th century, making it sometimes hard to distinguish what plants are really native.[citation needed] Among the larger trees the most common are: banyan trees, jackfruit, coconuts, bamboo species, acacia trees and also endless rows of coconuts and banana species. Numerous flowers can be seen: hibiscus, frangipani, bougainvillea, poinsettia, oleander, jasmine, water lily, lotus, roses, begonias, orchids and hydrangeas exist. On higher grounds that receive more moisture, for instance around Kintamani, certain species of fern trees, mushrooms and even pine trees thrive well. Rice comes in many varieties. Other plants with agricultural value include: salak, mangosteen, corn, kintamani orange, coffee and water spinach.

 

ENVIRONMENT

Some of the worst erosion has occurred in Lebih Beach, where up to 7 metres of land is lost every year. Decades ago, this beach was used for holy pilgrimages with more than 10,000 people, but they have now moved to Masceti Beach.

 

From ranked third in previous review, in 2010 Bali got score 99.65 of Indonesia's environmental quality index and the highest of all the 33 provinces. The score measured 3 water quality parameters: the level of total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).

 

Because of over-exploitation by the tourist industry which covers a massive land area, 200 out of 400 rivers on the island have dried up and based on research, the southern part of Bali would face a water shortage up to 2,500 litres of clean water per second by 2015. To ease the shortage, the central government plans to build a water catchment and processing facility at Petanu River in Gianyar. The 300 litres capacity of water per second will be channelled to Denpasar, Badung and Gianyar in 2013.

 

ECONOMY

Three decades ago, the Balinese economy was largely agriculture-based in terms of both output and employment. Tourism is now the largest single industry in terms of income, and as a result, Bali is one of Indonesia's wealthiest regions. In 2003, around 80% of Bali's economy was tourism related. By end of June 2011, non-performing loan of all banks in Bali were 2.23%, lower than the average of Indonesian banking industry non-performing loan (about 5%). The economy, however, suffered significantly as a result of the terrorist bombings 2002 and 2005. The tourism industry has since recovered from these events.

 

AGRICULTURE

Although tourism produces the GDP's largest output, agriculture is still the island's biggest employer; most notably rice cultivation. Crops grown in smaller amounts include fruit, vegetables, Coffea arabica and other cash and subsistence crops. Fishing also provides a significant number of jobs. Bali is also famous for its artisans who produce a vast array of handicrafts, including batik and ikat cloth and clothing, wooden carvings, stone carvings, painted art and silverware. Notably, individual villages typically adopt a single product, such as wind chimes or wooden furniture.

 

The Arabica coffee production region is the highland region of Kintamani near Mount Batur. Generally, Balinese coffee is processed using the wet method. This results in a sweet, soft coffee with good consistency. Typical flavours include lemon and other citrus notes. Many coffee farmers in Kintamani are members of a traditional farming system called Subak Abian, which is based on the Hindu philosophy of "Tri Hita Karana". According to this philosophy, the three causes of happiness are good relations with God, other people and the environment. The Subak Abian system is ideally suited to the production of fair trade and organic coffee production. Arabica coffee from Kintamani is the first product in Indonesia to request a Geographical Indication.

 

TOURISM

The tourism industry is primarily focused in the south, while significant in the other parts of the island as well. The main tourist locations are the town of Kuta (with its beach), and its outer suburbs of Legian and Seminyak (which were once independent townships), the east coast town of Sanur (once the only tourist hub), in the center of the island Ubud, to the south of the Ngurah Rai International Airport, Jimbaran, and the newer development of Nusa Dua and Pecatu.

 

The American government lifted its travel warnings in 2008. The Australian government issued an advice on Friday, 4 May 2012. The overall level of the advice was lowered to 'Exercise a high degree of caution'. The Swedish government issued a new warning on Sunday, 10 June 2012 because of one more tourist who was killed by methanol poisoning. Australia last issued an advice on Monday, 5 January 2015 due to new terrorist threats.

 

An offshoot of tourism is the growing real estate industry. Bali real estate has been rapidly developing in the main tourist areas of Kuta, Legian, Seminyak and Oberoi. Most recently, high-end 5 star projects are under development on the Bukit peninsula, on the south side of the island. Million dollar villas are being developed along the cliff sides of south Bali, commanding panoramic ocean views. Foreign and domestic (many Jakarta individuals and companies are fairly active) investment into other areas of the island also continues to grow. Land prices, despite the worldwide economic crisis, have remained stable.

 

In the last half of 2008, Indonesia's currency had dropped approximately 30% against the US dollar, providing many overseas visitors value for their currencies. Visitor arrivals for 2009 were forecast to drop 8% (which would be higher than 2007 levels), due to the worldwide economic crisis which has also affected the global tourist industry, but not due to any travel warnings.

 

Bali's tourism economy survived the terrorist bombings of 2002 and 2005, and the tourism industry has in fact slowly recovered and surpassed its pre-terrorist bombing levels; the longterm trend has been a steady increase of visitor arrivals. In 2010, Bali received 2.57 million foreign tourists, which surpassed the target of 2.0–2.3 million tourists. The average occupancy of starred hotels achieved 65%, so the island is still able to accommodate tourists for some years without any addition of new rooms/hotels, although at the peak season some of them are fully booked.

 

Bali received the Best Island award from Travel and Leisure in 2010. The island of Bali won because of its attractive surroundings (both mountain and coastal areas), diverse tourist attractions, excellent international and local restaurants, and the friendliness of the local people. According to BBC Travel released in 2011, Bali is one of the World's Best Islands, ranking second after Santorini, Greece.

 

In August 2010, the film Eat Pray Love was released in theatres. The movie was based on Elizabeth Gilbert's best-selling memoir Eat, Pray, Love. It took place at Ubud and Padang-Padang Beach at Bali. The 2006 book, which spent 57 weeks at the No. 1 spot on the New York Times paperback nonfiction best-seller list, had already fuelled a boom in Eat, Pray, Love-related tourism in Ubud, the hill town and cultural and tourist center that was the focus of Gilbert's quest for balance through traditional spirituality and healing that leads to love.

 

In January 2016, after music icon David Bowie died, it was revealed that in his will, Bowie asked for his ashes to be scattered in Bali, conforming to Buddhist rituals. He had visited and performed in a number of Southest Asian cities early in his career, including Bangkok and Singapore.

 

Since 2011, China has displaced Japan as the second-largest supplier of tourists to Bali, while Australia still tops the list. Chinese tourists increased by 17% from last year due to the impact of ACFTA and new direct flights to Bali. In January 2012, Chinese tourists year on year (yoy) increased by 222.18% compared to January 2011, while Japanese tourists declined by 23.54% yoy.

 

Bali reported that it has 2.88 million foreign tourists and 5 million domestic tourists in 2012, marginally surpassing the expectations of 2.8 million foreign tourists. Forecasts for 2013 are at 3.1 million.

 

Based on Bank Indonesia survey in May 2013, 34.39 percent of tourists are upper-middle class with spending between $1,286 to $5,592 and dominated by Australia, France, China, Germany and the US with some China tourists move from low spending before to higher spending currently. While 30.26 percent are middle class with spending between $662 to $1,285.

 

SEX TOURISM

In the twentieth century the incidence of tourism specifically for sex was regularly observed in the era of mass tourism in Indonesia In Bali, prostitution is conducted by both men and women. Bali in particular is notorious for its 'Kuta Cowboys', local gigolos targeting foreign female tourists.

 

Tens of thousands of single women throng the beaches of Bali in Indonesia every year. For decades, young Balinese men have taken advantage of the louche and laid-back atmosphere to find love and lucre from female tourists—Japanese, European and Australian for the most part—who by all accounts seem perfectly happy with the arrangement.

 

By 2013, Indonesia was reportedly the number one destination for Australian child sex tourists, mostly starting in Bali but also travelling to other parts of the country. The problem in Bali was highlighted by Luh Ketut Suryani, head of Psychiatry at Udayana University, as early as 2003. Surayani warned that a low level of awareness of paedophilia in Bali had made it the target of international paedophile organisations. On 19 February 2013, government officials announced measures to combat paedophilia in Bali.

 

TRANSPORTATION

The Ngurah Rai International Airport is located near Jimbaran, on the isthmus at the southernmost part of the island. Lt.Col. Wisnu Airfield is found in north-west Bali.

 

A coastal road circles the island, and three major two-lane arteries cross the central mountains at passes reaching to 1,750m in height (at Penelokan). The Ngurah Rai Bypass is a four-lane expressway that partly encircles Denpasar. Bali has no railway lines.

 

In December 2010 the Government of Indonesia invited investors to build a new Tanah Ampo Cruise Terminal at Karangasem, Bali with a projected worth of $30 million. On 17 July 2011 the first cruise ship (Sun Princess) anchored about 400 meters away from the wharf of Tanah Ampo harbour. The current pier is only 154 meters but will eventually be extended to 300–350 meters to accommodate international cruise ships. The harbour here is safer than the existing facility at Benoa and has a scenic backdrop of east Bali mountains and green rice fields. The tender for improvement was subject to delays, and as of July 2013 the situation remained unclear with cruise line operators complaining and even refusing to use the existing facility at Tanah Ampo.

 

A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by two ministers, Bali's Governor and Indonesian Train Company to build 565 kilometres of railway along the coast around the island. As of July 2015, no details of this proposed railways have been released.

 

On 16 March 2011 (Tanjung) Benoa port received the "Best Port Welcome 2010" award from London's "Dream World Cruise Destination" magazine. Government plans to expand the role of Benoa port as export-import port to boost Bali's trade and industry sector. The Tourism and Creative Economy Ministry has confirmed that 306 cruise liners are heading for Indonesia in 2013 – an increase of 43 percent compared to the previous year.

 

In May 2011, an integrated Areal Traffic Control System (ATCS) was implemented to reduce traffic jams at four crossing points: Ngurah Rai statue, Dewa Ruci Kuta crossing, Jimbaran crossing and Sanur crossing. ATCS is an integrated system connecting all traffic lights, CCTVs and other traffic signals with a monitoring office at the police headquarters. It has successfully been implemented in other ASEAN countries and will be implemented at other crossings in Bali.

 

On 21 December 2011 construction started on the Nusa Dua-Benoa-Ngurah Rai International Airport toll road which will also provide a special lane for motorcycles. This has been done by seven state-owned enterprises led by PT Jasa Marga with 60% of shares. PT Jasa Marga Bali Tol will construct the 9.91 kilometres toll road (totally 12.7 kilometres with access road). The construction is estimated to cost Rp.2.49 trillion ($273.9 million). The project goes through 2 kilometres of mangrove forest and through 2.3 kilometres of beach, both within 5.4 hectares area. The elevated toll road is built over the mangrove forest on 18,000 concrete pillars which occupied 2 hectares of mangroves forest. It compensated by new planting of 300,000 mangrove trees along the road. On 21 December 2011 the Dewa Ruci 450 meters underpass has also started on the busy Dewa Ruci junction near Bali Kuta Galeria with an estimated cost of Rp136 billion ($14.9 million) from the state budget. On 23 September 2013, the Bali Mandara Toll Road is opened and the Dewa Ruci Junction (Simpang Siur) underpass is opened before. Both are ease the heavy traffic congestion.

 

To solve chronic traffic problems, the province will also build a toll road connecting Serangan with Tohpati, a toll road connecting Kuta, Denpasar and Tohpati and a flyover connecting Kuta and Ngurah Rai Airport.

 

DEMOGRAPHICS

The population of Bali was 3,890,757 as of the 2010 Census; the latest estimate (for January 2014) is 4,225,384. There are an estimated 30,000 expatriates living in Bali.

 

ETHNIC ORIGINS

A DNA study in 2005 by Karafet et al. found that 12% of Balinese Y-chromosomes are of likely Indian origin, while 84% are of likely Austronesian origin, and 2% of likely Melanesian origin. The study does not correlate the DNA samples to the Balinese caste system.

 

CASTE SYSTEM

Bali has a caste system based on the Indian Hindu model, with four castes:

 

- Sudra (Shudra) – peasants constituting close to 93% of Bali's population.

- Wesia (Vaishyas) – the caste of merchants and administrative officials

- Ksatrias (Kshatriyas) – the kingly and warrior caste

- Brahmana (Bramhin) – holy men and priests

 

RELIGION

Unlike most of Muslim-majority Indonesia, about 83.5% of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, formed as a combination of existing local beliefs and Hindu influences from mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. Minority religions include Islam (13.3%), Christianity (1.7%), and Buddhism (0.5%). These figures do not include immigrants from other parts of Indonesia.

 

Balinese Hinduism is an amalgam in which gods and demigods are worshipped together with Buddhist heroes, the spirits of ancestors, indigenous agricultural deities and sacred places. Religion as it is practised in Bali is a composite belief system that embraces not only theology, philosophy, and mythology, but ancestor worship, animism and magic. It pervades nearly every aspect of traditional life. Caste is observed, though less strictly than in India. With an estimated 20,000 puras (temples) and shrines, Bali is known as the "Island of a Thousand Puras", or "Island of the Gods". This is refer to Mahabarata story that behind Bali became island of god or "pulau dewata" in Indonesian language.

 

Balinese Hinduism has roots in Indian Hinduism and Buddhism, and adopted the animistic traditions of the indigenous people. This influence strengthened the belief that the gods and goddesses are present in all things. Every element of nature, therefore, possesses its own power, which reflects the power of the gods. A rock, tree, dagger, or woven cloth is a potential home for spirits whose energy can be directed for good or evil. Balinese Hinduism is deeply interwoven with art and ritual. Ritualizing states of self-control are a notable feature of religious expression among the people, who for this reason have become famous for their graceful and decorous behaviour.

 

Apart from the majority of Balinese Hindus, there also exist Chinese immigrants whose traditions have melded with that of the locals. As a result, these Sino-Balinese not only embrace their original religion, which is a mixture of Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism and Confucianism, but also find a way to harmonise it with the local traditions. Hence, it is not uncommon to find local Sino-Balinese during the local temple's odalan. Moreover, Balinese Hindu priests are invited to perform rites alongside a Chinese priest in the event of the death of a Sino-Balinese. Nevertheless, the Sino-Balinese claim to embrace Buddhism for administrative purposes, such as their Identity Cards.

 

LANGUAGE

Balinese and Indonesian are the most widely spoken languages in Bali, and the vast majority of Balinese people are bilingual or trilingual. The most common spoken language around the tourist areas is Indonesian, as many people in the tourist sector are not solely Balinese, but migrants from Java, Lombok, Sumatra, and other parts of Indonesia. There are several indigenous Balinese languages, but most Balinese can also use the most widely spoken option: modern common Balinese. The usage of different Balinese languages was traditionally determined by the Balinese caste system and by clan membership, but this tradition is diminishing. Kawi and Sanskrit are also commonly used by some Hindu priests in Bali, for Hinduism literature was mostly written in Sanskrit.

 

English and Chinese are the next most common languages (and the primary foreign languages) of many Balinese, owing to the requirements of the tourism industry, as well as the English-speaking community and huge Chinese-Indonesian population. Other foreign languages, such as Japanese, Korean, French, Russian or German are often used in multilingual signs for foreign tourists.

 

CULTURE

Bali is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated art forms, such as painting, sculpture, woodcarving, handcrafts, and performing arts. Balinese cuisine is also distinctive. Balinese percussion orchestra music, known as gamelan, is highly developed and varied. Balinese performing arts often portray stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana but with heavy Balinese influence. Famous Balinese dances include pendet, legong, baris, topeng, barong, gong keybar, and kecak (the monkey dance). Bali boasts one of the most diverse and innovative performing arts cultures in the world, with paid performances at thousands of temple festivals, private ceremonies, or public shows.

 

The Hindu New Year, Nyepi, is celebrated in the spring by a day of silence. On this day everyone stays at home and tourists are encouraged to remain in their hotels. On the day before New Year, large and colourful sculptures of ogoh-ogoh monsters are paraded and finally burned in the evening to drive away evil spirits. Other festivals throughout the year are specified by the Balinese pawukon calendrical system.

 

Celebrations are held for many occasions such as a tooth-filing (coming-of-age ritual), cremation or odalan (temple festival). One of the most important concepts that Balinese ceremonies have in common is that of désa kala patra, which refers to how ritual performances must be appropriate in both the specific and general social context. Many of the ceremonial art forms such as wayang kulit and topeng are highly improvisatory, providing flexibility for the performer to adapt the performance to the current situation. Many celebrations call for a loud, boisterous atmosphere with lots of activity and the resulting aesthetic, ramé, is distinctively Balinese. Often two or more gamelan ensembles will be performing well within earshot, and sometimes compete with each other to be heard. Likewise, the audience members talk amongst themselves, get up and walk around, or even cheer on the performance, which adds to the many layers of activity and the liveliness typical of ramé.

 

Kaja and kelod are the Balinese equivalents of North and South, which refer to ones orientation between the island's largest mountain Gunung Agung (kaja), and the sea (kelod). In addition to spatial orientation, kaja and kelod have the connotation of good and evil; gods and ancestors are believed to live on the mountain whereas demons live in the sea. Buildings such as temples and residential homes are spatially oriented by having the most sacred spaces closest to the mountain and the unclean places nearest to the sea.

 

Most temples have an inner courtyard and an outer courtyard which are arranged with the inner courtyard furthest kaja. These spaces serve as performance venues since most Balinese rituals are accompanied by any combination of music, dance and drama. The performances that take place in the inner courtyard are classified as wali, the most sacred rituals which are offerings exclusively for the gods, while the outer courtyard is where bebali ceremonies are held, which are intended for gods and people. Lastly, performances meant solely for the entertainment of humans take place outside the walls of the temple and are called bali-balihan. This three-tiered system of classification was standardised in 1971 by a committee of Balinese officials and artists to better protect the sanctity of the oldest and most sacred Balinese rituals from being performed for a paying audience.

 

Tourism, Bali's chief industry, has provided the island with a foreign audience that is eager to pay for entertainment, thus creating new performance opportunities and more demand for performers. The impact of tourism is controversial since before it became integrated into the economy, the Balinese performing arts did not exist as a capitalist venture, and were not performed for entertainment outside of their respective ritual context. Since the 1930s sacred rituals such as the barong dance have been performed both in their original contexts, as well as exclusively for paying tourists. This has led to new versions of many of these performances which have developed according to the preferences of foreign audiences; some villages have a barong mask specifically for non-ritual performances as well as an older mask which is only used for sacred performances.

 

Balinese society continues to revolve around each family's ancestral village, to which the cycle of life and religion is closely tied. Coercive aspects of traditional society, such as customary law sanctions imposed by traditional authorities such as village councils (including "kasepekang", or shunning) have risen in importance as a consequence of the democratisation and decentralisation of Indonesia since 1998.

 

WIKIPEDIA

Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.

 

The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".

 

'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.

 

Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Carlisle City Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.

 

Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country. Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.

 

On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.

 

Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.

 

Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.

 

#talkin #talkintarn #talkintarncountrypark

 

More photos of Talkin Tarn here: www.flickr.com/photos/davidambridge/albums/72157633050144969

And whin I've gar a missus ther'll be no more askin' why

She awlus gers oor biggest dish for pudden and for pie...

 

J. A. Carill

Yorkshire Dialect Poem

Arona, Aruna in Novara dialect , Aron-a in Piedmontese) is an Italian municipality of 13,693 inhabitants in the province of Novara , in Piedmont .

 

The sixth municipality in the province by population, it is a tourist - tertiary center on the shores of Lake Maggiore , whose development has been favored by its position on the Via del Sempione and the motorway and railway connection with Milan .

 

In the municipality there is the Lagoni di Mercurago natural park , included among the " prehistoric pile-dwelling sites around the Alps ", since 2011 in the UNESCO world heritage list

 

Physical geography

The city of Arona is located on the Piedmontese shore of Lake Maggiore and is crossed by the Vevera stream , which flows into the lake here. The hilly bas-reliefs of morainic origin extend all around (called "mottos"), incorporated into the Lagoni di Mercurago Natural Park where, in 1860 , the first pile-dwelling settlement found in Italy was identified . Most of the municipal territory is also hilly, with altitudes that progressively slope down from north to south (and from west to east in the town centre) from 513 m at Motto Mirabello (near the Dagnente hamlet ) up to 195 m on the shore at the lake.

 

The hilly reliefs are generally covered by woods which occupy over half of the Arona area, urbanized areas cover 33% of the surface and meadows or pastures cover 9%; smaller percentages are intended for parks, gardens and green sports areas (2.3%), vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and vineyards (1.7%), herbaceous uncultivated areas (1%) and arable land (0.4%).

 

Located in the southernmost part of the lake, Arona is about 37 km from the provincial capital Novara , but only about thirty from Milan-Malpensa airport .

 

Origins of the name

The toponym could derive from the Celtic roots art (mountain) and on (water), with the meaning of "mountain on the water" [ without source ] .

 

History

Origins

From Arona, in Roman times , passed the Via Severiana Augusta , a Roman consular road that connected Mediolanum (modern Milan ) with the Verbannus Lacus (Lake Verbano, or Lake Maggiore ), and from here to the Sempione pass ( lat. Summo Plano ).

 

The first written documentation confirming the existence of a socially organized locality called Arona dates back to 979 : it is a attestation that allows us to identify this date only by induction, so much so that some historians instead maintain that it is 963 .

 

In any case, the presence of man in this southern part of Lake Maggiore is confirmed much further back in time and dates back to prehistory ; in fact, in the Lagoni area, near the hamlet of Mercurago, a pile-dwelling settlement dating back to the Bronze Age (active from the 18th to the 13th century BC ) and, in 1971-1972, a necropolis of the Golasecca civilization from the end of the 6th century were discovered. - early 5th century BC Human traces are also documented in the Motto San Carlo peat bog , in which an arrowhead dating back to the Neolithic and the only object from the Copper Age was found .

 

Of the wooden finds extracted in the 19th century , such as the remains of three wheels that turned idle on a central axis and were equipped with rudimentary non-concentric spokes and those of a pirogue dug into a tree trunk, only the plaster casts remain. They were obtained from footprints in the peat by Bartolomeo Gastaldi , who collected and studied them at the time but was unable to treat them adequately for conservation given the restoration methods of the time so that, preserved for millennia in the particular anaerobic environmental conditions of the peat bog, they crumbled to dehydration shortly after their discovery. The remains of a village were also found whose huts had been built on the edge of a body of water and whose foundations had been preserved thanks to the peat in which they had been planted, as well as various everyday objects in metal or ceramic: jars, vase bottoms, plates, arrows, dagger blades and other defense tools, bronze pins. From the dozen tombs of the 6th century BC come vases of fine workmanship, bracelets, fibulae , rings, bronze belt hooks. The ceramics found in large quantities around the Rocca di Arona testify to a settlement subsequent to that of the Lagoni and have been assigned to the Canegrate , Protogolasecca and Golasecca cultures .

 

The Celt Gauls

The 5th century marks a moment of crisis in the lower Verbano area, and only in the 3rd-2nd century does a conspicuous presence of people reappear, this time Celto-Gallic . A valuable bronze anklet found at the foot of the fortress dates back to the 2nd century BC . It is precisely in this period that the first socially organized residential units were formed. The urbanization of the area is fully justified by the presence of the Rocca di Arona , as opposed to the Rocca di Angera on the Lombard shore of the lake, a position of strategic importance that could not go unnoticed by any local population. In fact, on the fortress there are the remains of a pre-Roman fortification, and three kilometers from Arona, the military campus of Borgo Agnello and Paruzzaro .

 

The Romans and the Middle Ages

In Roman times it was a place of passage towards the Simplon pass . Under the church of San Giuseppe the remains of a furnace and an artisan workshop for metalworking were found . Roman colonization is also documented by funerary tombstones found almost everywhere in the area.

 

The current inhabited center developed around the Benedictine abbey of San Salvatore, founded in 979 by Count Amizzone del Seprio. The proof of this development is documented in a "Chronicle" or " Pasionario ", a kind of medley in which lives of more or less reliable saints, texts of asceticism, letters of bishops and prelates , prayers and invocations are intertwined . In this context appears the narrative of the martyrdom of San Graziano and San Felino which occurred in 979 with the translation of their bodies to Arona, by Count Amizzone del Seprio, a troop captain under the command of Emperor Otto I. There are 249 sheets of parchment written in medieval Latin and written in Gothic . Over time, the Benedictine abbey lost its main prerogatives, mainly due to the rise of a civil authority which identified itself first with the Della Torre family , and subsequently, after its demolition, with the Visconti family , first of all Ottone who was archbishop of Milan , around the end of the thirteenth century under which the dominion of the archbishop of Milan passed . In 1263, the Milanese forces, led by the Torriani , besieged Arona by land and water, where the Milanese exiles led by Ottone Visconti had gathered [9] . Between the two hundred and three hundred years old, Stefano Visconti (1287/88 - 1327) appears to have been a Lord, married for the second time in 1318 to Valentina, daughter of Bernabó Doria, Lord of Sassello and Eliana Fieschi of the Lords of Lavagna. Stefano and Valentina had Matteo II, Galeazzo II and Bernabó Visconti, Consignori of Milan from 11 October 1354. Formerly property of the Torriani family ( 12th century ). After the battle of Desio ( 1277 ), it belonged to the family of Ottone Visconti, Visconti and from the third or fourth decade of the 14th century it was a free municipality under the government of the Benedictine abbey.

 

The Renaissance

From 1439 the territory was granted as a fief to the Borromeo family , a lineage of bankers originally from San Miniato in Tuscany . When the Visconti family became extinct with Filippo's daughter Maria Visconti marrying Francesco I in 1441 , the duchy passed to the Sforza family . But this vast territory also had to be defended, and in this sense Vitaliano in 1447 asked Filippo Maria for authorization to fortify the fortress and the village of Arona, granted to him in 1449 with a letter from Filippo Maria which authorized his vassal to create walls, drawbridges, war defense works, and also places for the gathering and custody of ships: first documented military port on Lake Maggiore . The fortress was defended so well that it resisted a siege in 1523 by 7,000 men under the command of Renzo de Ceri , one of the many wars that broke out between the Duchy of Milan and the French .

 

Modern era

During the Thirty Years' War , in 1636, the French, to prevent navigation between the lake and Milan, set up a ship equipped with four cannons, on which 100 musketeers embarked and placed it in front of Arona. The Spaniards then had some boats armed and, after some fighting, forced the French ship to retreat along the Ticino [10] . With the entire Duchy of Milan it was under Spanish and then Austrian rule . With the Treaty of Worms (1743) it passed into the dominions of the Savoy state , under Charles Emmanuel III .

 

It was taken by the Napoleonic army and the fortress was demolished following the peace agreements with the Austrians in 1801. With the Congress of Vienna in 1815 it was returned to the Savoy family . In 1838 Carlo Alberto of Savoy awarded it the title of city .

 

In 1848 Giuseppe Garibaldi entered the city during the first war of independence , returning in 1859.

 

In 1855 the railway line to Novara was opened and during the 19th century industrial and tourist activities established themselves. At the end of the century it suffered a disastrous lake flood.

 

On 15 September 1943, the roundups of Jews that began in the days preceding Baveno affected the town of Arona, part of that massacre on Lake Maggiore of which in the end there were 57 victims. There were 9 people arrested and killed in Arona by German soldiers, Their bodies were thrown into the lake. The large family of the Milanese industrialist Federico Jarach managed to save themselves by crossing the lake by boat from their villa, because they were notified by telephone just in time.

 

Symbols

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was recognized with DCG of 10 August 1928.

 

«Party of silver and green, the lowered fly and a star divided from the score line of one to the other . Exterior ornaments of the city."

 

The heraldic figure of flight (two spread wings) refers to the toponym Alona documented in ancient manuscripts. The coat of arms is reproduced on the frontispiece of the Statutes of Arona of 1319 although the design is certainly later and features wings and a gold star on a red background.

 

Banner

The banner was granted by royal decree of 7 May 1934.

 

«Dress made of white and green, richly decorated with gold embroidery and bearing the municipal coat of arms with the inscription centered in gold City of Arona .»

 

Flag

The Municipality has adopted a flag consisting of a white and green flag placed in the center of the civic emblem without shield and ornaments.

 

Monuments and places of interest

Piazza del Popolo with the church of Santa Maria di Loreto

Collegiate Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary . The parish church, whose first contract for its construction dates back to 1468, was consecrated, not yet finished, on 12 March 1488. At the beginning of the 17th century Cardinal Federico Borromeo ordered impressive restoration and interior decoration works, upon completion of which, on 10 March 1608, the church was erected as a collegiate church . After the substantial repairs of 1856-1867 it was reconsecrated in 1858 by bishop GF Gentile. It is in Gothic-Byzantine style, altered by later elements. The limestone façade, with a central rose window, has fifteenth-century elements, and a notable bas-relief of the Nativity of the Redeemer, ascribed by Luca Beltrami to the Mantegazza brothers, authors of the lower part of the Certosa di Pavia . Inside you can admire the main altar built in 1812 based on a design by Abbot Zanoia; the Holy Family by Gaudenzio Ferrari in six fields, with the signature Gaudentius Vincius and the date '15', on wood and closed in a carved frame of the time; the Nativity by Andrea Appiani ; the Annunciation and the Marriage by Francesco Mazzucchelli known as Morazzone , donated by Cardinal Federico Borromeo. Furthermore, four reliquaries are preserved there which contain the pallium, the miter and the crosier of San Carlo Borromeo donated by Cardinal Federico. They were renewed in 1920 by the citizens of Arono in fulfillment of a vow made during the last influenza pandemic, which was considered to have ended through the saint's intercession.

Church of the Holy Martyrs Graziano, Felino, Fedele and Carpoforo (also known as San Graziano). Formerly a Benedictine abbey, the church was annexed to the monastery of the Salvatore and Saints Graziano and Felino, founded in the second half of the 10th century. No traces of the original building remain. Completely rebuilt, it was returned to worship the year following the consecration of the Collegiate Church, 1489. In the church there is an altarpiece of the Madonna Enthroned and Saint by Ambrogio da Fossano, known as Bergognone , hanging behind the main altar. The painting was commissioned by the abbot of the time, Monsignor Girolamo Calagrani, who in the painting appears kneeling in front of the Virgin.

Church of Santa Maria di Loreto (also called Santa Marta) in the ancient Piazza del Popolo, where the Broletto and what remains of the ancient port are also located .

Church of the Visitation, annexed to the monastery of the order of the Visitation, was founded in 1652 by the archpriest Graziano Ponzone. On the main altar of the church there is a canvas by the painter Gaudenzio Magistrini (1820-1871).

Beolchi Chapel-Ossuary

Sanctuary of the Sacro Monte of San Carlo

Visitation Monastery

Small church of San Giuseppe , formerly dedicated to Sant'Eusebio

Parish church of San Giusto (in the hamlet of Montrigiasco )

Church of Santa Maria di Loreto (also called Santa Marta)

Church of San Giovanni Battista (in the Dagnente hamlet )

Church of San Giorgio (in Mercurago )

Church of the Holy Trinity

Church of the Sacred Heart

Church of Saints Anna and Gioacchino, in Corso Cavour (built in 1721, with façade rebuilt in 1841; altarpiece by Giuseppe De Albertis, from Arona, with Saints Anna and Gioacchino with the young Mary )

 

Civil and military architecture

Broletto or Palace of Justice, built at the end of the fourteenth century on the ancient Piazza del Popolo, where the church of Santa Maria di Loreto also stands. Between the Gothic arches of the portico are terracotta medallions with portraits of the nobles governing the city.

Villa Ponti, which hosted Napoleon Bonaparte on his return from the Egyptian campaign and where classical music concerts and exhibitions of important artists are currently organised.

Villa Leuthold, a nineteenth-century public park, with very large specimens of camellias.

Rocca Borromea , whose ruins are located on the hill above the city. It was historically disputed between the Torriani and Visconti families as well as the birthplace of San Carlo .

Asilo Bottelli , a 19th century building in neoclassical style originally used as a nursery school.

Villa Cantoni , built in the 1880s.

The Colossus of Saint Charles Borromeo

 

The same topic in detail: Colossus of Saint Charles Borromeo .

This statue, nicknamed the Sancarlone , dominates Lake Maggiore and can be reached by taking the provincial road 35 towards the Ghevio di Meina hamlet , in the San Carlo area. The colossus is approximately 35 meters high (23.40 m for the statue and 11.70 m for the base) and was built between 1614 and 1697 with copper plates . Originally it was planned that the statue, completed in 1698 , would be part of a Sacred Mountain of which, however, only three chapels were built.

 

Society

Demographic evolution

Inhabitants registered

 

Languages ​​and dialects

Even though the city is in Piedmontese territory, the local Verbanese dialect is of the Insubre type ( Western Lombard ).

 

Culture

Museums

The Mineralogical Museum founded in 1983 and located in a nineteenth-century building in Piazza San Graziano.

The Khaled al-Asaad Civic Archaeological Museum .

Libraries

There is the Carlo Torelli Civic Library , founded in 1968

 

Economy

The definitive destruction of the Aronese fortress together with six other citadels in Piedmont was ordered by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1800 , the day following the victory at Marengo . This meant the possibility of expanding the urban fabric beyond the walls within which it was limited. Thanks to this, large spaces were created on which to build the port, the boatyard and the railway station. Arona's fortune has always been linked to its excellent geographical position, thanks to which it enjoys and has always enjoyed a highly respectable logistical condition.

 

The economy of Arona is mainly based on tourism and trade , although in the area there are some important chemical factories, such as Thurckon Srl, and confectionery, such as the Laica chocolate shop .

 

Infrastructure and transport

The station, under the responsibility of the Lombardy Region, is an important railway hub between the Domodossola-Milan and Arona-Novara lines , and is currently served only by regional trains based on the Service Contract stipulated between Trenitalia/Trenord and the Piedmont and Lombardy Regions. It is also the terminus of the Santhià-Arona railway , which has been replaced by self-service since 17 June 2012.

 

Arona is the headquarters of Navigazione Lago Maggiore.

 

Sports

Twice Arona was the stage arrival site of the Giro d'Italia .

 

1966 14th stage Parma - Arona, won by Franco Bitossi

2001 20th stage Busto Arsizio -Arona, won by Gilberto Simoni

On 24 August 2005 Damiano Cunego won the 8th edition of the Gran Premio Nobili in Arona.

 

The Arona football club is based in the municipality , whose internal field is the Valerio Del Ponte stadium .

 

There is an American football team , the Arona 65ers , Italian champions in 2015 and a basketball team, Arona Basket , which participates in the youth and Serie C championships.

 

Karl Marx

Pensador socialista y activista revolucionario de origen alemán (Tréveris, Prusia occidental, 1818 - Londres, 1883). Karl

 

Marx procedía de una familia judía de clase media (su padre era un abogado convertido recientemente al luteranismo).

 

Estudió en las universidades de Bonn, Berlín y Jena, doctorándose en Filosofía por esta última en 1841.

 

Desde esa época, el pensamiento de Marx quedaría asentado sobre la dialéctica de Hegel, si bien sustituyó el idealismo

 

de éste por una concepción materialista, según la cual las fuerzas económicas constituyen la infraestructura que

 

determina en última instancia los fenómenos «superestructurales» del orden social, político y cultural.

Karl Marx

En 1843 se casó con Jenny von Westphalen, cuyo padre inició a Marx en el interés por las doctrinas racionalistas de la

 

Revolución francesa y por los primeros pensadores socialistas. Convertido en un demócrata radical, Marx trabajó algún

 

tiempo como profesor y periodista; pero sus ideas políticas le obligaron a dejar Alemania e instalarse en París (1843).

Por entonces estableció una duradera amistad con Friedrich Engels, que se plasmaría en la estrecha colaboración

 

intelectual y política de ambos. Fue expulsado de Francia en 1845 y se refugió en Bruselas; por fin, tras una breve

 

estancia en Colonia para apoyar las tendencias radicales presentes en la Revolución alemana de 1848, pasó a llevar

 

una vida más estable en Londres, en donde desarrolló desde 1849 la mayor parte de su obra escrita. Su dedicación a la

 

causa del socialismo le hizo sufrir grandes dificultades materiales, superadas gracias a la ayuda económica de Engels.

Marx partió de la crítica a los socialistas anteriores, a los que calificó de «utópicos», si bien tomó de ellos muchos

 

elementos de su pensamiento (de autores como Saint-Simon, Owen o Fourier); tales pensadores se habían limitado a

 

imaginar cómo podría ser la sociedad perfecta del futuro y a esperar que su implantación resultara del convencimiento

 

general y del ejemplo de unas pocas comunidades modélicas.

Por el contrario, Marx y Engels pretendían hacer un «socialismo científico», basado en la crítica sistemática del orden

 

establecido y el descubrimiento de las leyes objetivas que conducirían a su superación; la fuerza de la Revolución (y no

 

el convencimiento pacífico ni las reformas graduales) serían la forma de acabar con la civilización burguesa.

En 1848, a petición de una Liga revolucionaria clandestina formada por emigrantes alemanes, Marx y Engels plasmaron

 

tales ideas en el Manifiesto Comunista, un panfleto de retórica incendiaria situado en el contexto de las revoluciones

 

europeas de 1848.

Posteriormente, durante su estancia en Inglaterra, Marx profundizó en el estudio de la economía política clásica y,

 

apoyándose fundamentalmente en el modelo de David Ricardo, construyó su propia doctrina económica, que plasmó en

 

El Capital; de esa obra monumental sólo llegó a publicar el primer volumen (1867), mientras que los dos restantes los

 

editaría después de su muerte su amigo Engels, poniendo en orden los manuscritos preparados por Marx.

Partiendo de la doctrina clásica, según la cual sólo el trabajo humano produce valor, Marx denunció la explotación

 

patente en la extracción de la plusvalía, es decir, la parte del trabajo no pagada al obrero y apropiada por el capitalista,

 

de donde surge la acumulación del capital. Criticó hasta el extremo la esencia injusta, ilegítima y violenta del sistema

 

económico capitalista, en el que veía la base de la dominación de clase que ejercía la burguesía.

Sin embargo, su análisis aseguraba que el capitalismo tenía carácter histórico, como cualquier otro sistema, y no

 

respondía a un orden natural inmutable como habían pretendido los clásicos: igual que había surgido de un proceso

 

histórico por el que sustituyó al feudalismo, el capitalismo estaba abocado a hundirse por sus propias contradicciones

 

internas, dejando paso al socialismo. La tendencia inevitable al descenso de las tasas de ganancia se iría reflejando en

 

crisis periódicas de intensidad creciente hasta llegar al virtual derrumbamiento de la sociedad burguesa; para entonces,

 

la lógica del sistema habría polarizado a la sociedad en dos clases contrapuestas por intereses irreconciliables, de tal

 

modo que las masas proletarizadas, conscientes de su explotación, acabarían protagonizando la Revolución que daría

 

paso al socialismo.

En otras obras suyas, Marx completó esta base económica de su razonamiento con otras reflexiones de carácter

 

histórico y político: precisó la lógica de lucha de clases que, en su opinión, subyace en toda la historia de la humanidad

 

y que hace que ésta avance a saltos dialécticos, resultado del choque revolucionario entre explotadores y explotados,

 

como trasunto de la contradicción inevitable entre el desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas y el encorsetamiento al que

 

las someten las relaciones sociales de producción.

 

También indicó Marx el sentido de la Revolución socialista que esperaba, como emancipación definitiva y global del

 

hombre (al abolir la propiedad privada de los medios de producción, que era la causa de la alienación de los

 

trabajadores), completando la emancipación meramente jurídica y política realizada por la Revolución burguesa (que

 

identificaba con el modelo francés); sobre esa base, apuntaba hacia un futuro socialista entendido como realización

 

plena de las ideas de libertad, igualdad y fraternidad, como fruto de una auténtica democracia; la «dictadura del

 

proletariado» tendría un carácter meramente instrumental y transitorio, pues el objetivo no era el reforzamiento del

 

poder estatal con la nacionalización de los medios de producción, sino el paso -tan pronto como fuera posible- a la fase

 

comunista en la que, desaparecidas las contradicciones de clase, ya no sería necesario el poder coercitivo del Estado.

 

Angera ( Ingera in Varese dialect ) is an Italian municipality of 5,400 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy . The municipality is located on the south-eastern shore of Lake Maggiore .

 

Origins of the name

It could derive from in glarea ("on the gravel"), indicating proximity to the lake shore. According to others it comes from the Latin Angularia , from angulus , in the broader sense of: "corner of land eroded by the river currents". It is mentioned as Anghiera on the map of the Duchy of Milan in the Gallery of Geographical Maps .

 

History

Human presence in the area has been demonstrated since the Upper Paleolithic thanks to discoveries dating back to the final Epigravettian found in the Angera Cave. Important Neolithic finds also come from Baranzini ("Baranzitt" in Varese dialect) and from the area of ​​the current cemetery . To date, no significant and sufficiently abundant finds have been found to testify to a settlement in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages, i.e. at the time of the famous Golasecca culture, which was also very important for the entire Lower Verbano area. Late Celtic Insubrian ceramic finds, however, testify to a continuity of settlement starting at least from the 2nd century BC. Between the 2nd and 1st century BC, more and more Roman finds began to spread in the area, testifying to the Romanization of the area. In 49 BC the Angera inhabitants, like all the populations that inhabited the territory north of the Po, also became full Roman citizens. Subsequently, the village experienced a strong commercial development with the exploitation of the natural inlet of Angera as a lake port for the exchange of goods transported by water along the Po, Ticino and Verbano, and the products that reached it by land thanks to the Via Severiana Augusta : from here you could reach the Alpine passes of Novena , Lukmanier , San Gottardo , Spluga and San Bernardino. Angera was in fact, in Roman times, an important river port that connected Cisalpine Gaul with Rhaetia.

 

Stone blocks from Angera and wood from the woods of Alto Verbano began to be produced from the village in Roman times, certainly used for the construction of important buildings in Milan and the area. There is no certainty about the name of the Roman village; the identification with the Sebuinus village mentioned on a sculptural base housed in the lapidary of the Rocca is only a hypothesis, also because the exact origin of this base within the extensive Borromean properties is not known. The oldest name, testified by 10th century sources, is that of Statio , which seems to indicate the role of port and trading post played by Angera in ancient times. The name changed in the early Middle Ages to Angleria , of uncertain etymology, but most likely deriving from the contraction of Ad Glaream or "near the gravel", abundantly present in the alluvial soil where the main nucleus stood.

 

In the Middle Ages Angera was at the head of a parish that included villages on the two banks of the lake. In its territory, in the 14th century , there were twenty religious buildings.

However, the history of Angera must also be read from a military perspective. At least since the 11th century, on the site of the current Rocca di Angera there was a fortified structure which later became the property of the archbishops of Milan .

In the 13th century the structure came into the possession of the Visconti family , who transformed it into a powerful fortress in a dominant position over the entire town and the lake.

In 1449 the fortress was purchased by the Borromeo family , the current owners.

 

Angera assumed the title of City in 1497 , at the behest of Ludovico il Moro .

 

During the Thirty Years' War , in 1636 , the French, to prevent navigation between the lake and Milan, set up a ship, armed with four cannons, on which they embarked one hundred musketeers and placed it in front of Angera. The Spaniards then had some boats armed and, after some fighting, forced the French ship to retreat along the Ticino .

 

In 1776 the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta discovered methane for the first time in the Angera marshes. He succeeded in isolating the gas, which he called "flammable swamp air", in 1778. It was what we now call methane. [6]

 

In the early post-war period. Barzola and Capronno were annexed to the Municipality of Angera.

 

On 20 April 1954, by decree of the President of the Republic, Angera was officially named city . In September 2014 the city's 60th anniversary was celebrated, with a party involving the national, regional, provincial and local Civil Protection.

 

Symbols

The coat of arms and banner of the Municipality of Angera were granted by decree of the President of the Republic of 5 August 1991.

 

«Coat of arms of gold, to the Visconti snake of seven spires, of azure, swallowing the putto of complexion , black scalp, alumed of azure, with open arms, this snake surmounted by the ancient crown of five visible points, of silver .»

 

The banner is a blue cloth.

 

The coat of arms of the Municipality of Angera takes up the emblem of the Milanese Visconti dynasty which was the first to be invested with power over the area.

 

By decree of the President of the Republic dated 23 February 2016, Angera adopted its own flag, consisting of blue and red with the civic coat of arms in the centre.

 

Monuments and places of interest

Religious architecture

Parish church of S. Maria Assunta , built on a previous church dating back to the 14th century dedicated to Santa Maria

Church of Sant'Alessandro, Sisinnio e Martirio, dating back to the 14th century on a pre-existing structure from the early medieval period

Church of San Quirico whose first mention dates back to the 13th century

Sanctuary of the Madonna della Riva dating back to the 17th century

 

Military architecture

The Rocca Borromeo of Angera is one of the main points of interest in Angera. It can be visited and houses the Doll and Toy Museum , a collection of over a thousand pieces among the richest in Europe , recently completed by the acquisition of precious French automatons, all in working order. In another wing of the castle there is the Museum of Children's Clothing with items collected between the nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries.

 

The fortress was fortified first by the archbishops of Milan and subsequently by the Viscontis and the Borromeos . Along the access road to the Rock, there is a cave, already inhabited in prehistoric times and perhaps arbitrarily attributed to the cult of Mithras .

 

The Bruschera Oasis and the Partegora islet, protected areas where you can see the characteristic fauna and flora of Lake Maggiore.

 

To the north of the village is the hill of San Quirico, which can be explored via a network of paths that surround the hill. The route is called the Ring of San Quirico and can be covered on foot or by bicycle. At the top of the hill there is the small church of San Quirico.

 

Culture

Museums

Civic archaeological museum of Angera is located on the first floor of the Palazzo del Pretorio, a fifteenth-century building with a colonnaded portico. On the ground floor of the building there is the Lapidary, with important steles and epigraphs from the Roman era. The prehistoric section hosts evidence of the most ancient presence of man in the Varese area, from the Upper Paleolithic to the Copper Age; in addition to the finds from the Angera Cave and numerous localities in the area, reproductions of prehistoric bows, arrows and axes are also on display. The Roman section presents to the public the history of the vicus in Roman times, when it achieved great prestige as a place of commercial exchange and crossroads between the river-lake route made up of Po, Ticino and Verbano and the vehicle road that led from Milan to Verbanus , arriving right in Angera in the current Via Greppi. The first display cases in this section host artefacts found during archaeological excavations and recoveries in the village. The oldest finds date back to the late Celtic and Republican era and help to tell the story of the Romanisation phase of the territory. The evidence from the early imperial age is also very significant, showing us a village at the center of trade between the upper Adriatic and the transalpine area. A display case is dedicated to the new excavations and one houses the finds from a residential and work building discovered in the 1980s and where, among other finds, a hoard of over 280 coins also came to light.

The second part of the Roman section is dedicated to the Roman Necropolis which was excavated in the seventies and which was located in correspondence with the current cemetery. A charred funeral litter illustrates the most widespread funerary rite in Angera in the early imperial age and some of the most significant grave goods among the several hundred found in the area are displayed in rotation in the display cases.

Doll and Toy Museum: located inside the Rock, it is one of the most important toy museums in Europe

 

Anthropic geography

According to ISTAT , the municipal territory includes the inhabited centers of Angera, Barzola , Capronno and Fornetto-Vigane, and the inhabited areas of Bruschera, Montecatini and Paludi.

 

Infrastructure and transport

Historically, Angera is connected with the rest of the territory by virtue of its view of Lake Maggiore.

 

Angera is served by the provincial road system through roads number 69, which crosses it in a north-south direction, and number 48, which branches off from it towards the east.

 

The pier is located at the far west of the village, from where it is possible to reach Arona and the other places north of the lake, with the Navigazione del Lago Maggiore boats.

 

The Taino-Angera station , located along the Novara-Pino railway , is no longer served by passenger trains as of 2013.

 

Between 1914 and 1940 Angera represented the eastern terminus of the Varese-Angera tramway , managed by the Società Anonima Tramvie Orientali del Verbano (SATOV), which was located at the city pier

Luino ( Lüìn in Varese dialect ), called Luvino until 1889, is an Italian municipality of 14,185 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy . The city, which overlooks the eastern shore of Lake Maggiore or Verbano, also nicknamed "Costa Fiorita", is best known for hosting a well-known market every Wednesday, which involves the entire city center and is a tourist attraction.

 

It is an important center for tourism and the economy of the upper Varese area. It borders Switzerland to the east , via the Fornasette pass.

 

Physical geography

Territory

The territory of the municipality is approximately 220 meters above sea level . It is about 23 km from Varese , the capital of the province of the same name to which the municipality belongs.

 

Climate

The climate of Luino, like that of the entire northern basin of Lake Maggiore , is extremely rainy. The average annual rainfall is between 1800 and 2500 mm in the municipal area. These precipitation values ​​are approximately double those recorded in the city of Milan and triple the averages of the other locations in the Po Valley . Solar radiation is one of the lowest in Italy, with an average of just 4736 MJ/m 2 .

 

History

Formerly an ancient medieval village of Roman origin, (3rd century necropolises have been found where the railway station is now located, which in the past had great importance: before the birth of the Como-Chiasso axis, it was, in fact, an obligatory passage for the Gotthard ). Luino is mentioned for the first time in official documentation dating back to 1169 with the name of Luvino , which derives from the proper name Luvinum and remained until the royal decree of 27 January 1889, No. 5932, made the current name official .

 

It is a town located a few kilometers from the Swiss border, on the pre-Alpine slopes surrounding Lake Maggiore . Ernest Hemingway writes in A Farewell to Arms :

«I saw a wedge-shaped gap in the mountains on the other bank and thought it must be Luino»

 

During the Middle Ages it was the subject of contention between powerful Milanese and Como families, yet still managed to defend its freedom and municipal autonomy. It was occupied in 1512 by the Swiss, but was then reconquered again by the Sforza in 1515. Charles V assigned it the market right in 1541 , alternating with that of Maccagno which until then had enjoyed exclusivity; the concession was confirmed in 1786 and saw Luino winning over Laveno who aspired to obtain the same prerogative. The market is currently held, and has been for many years, on Wednesday of each week. In 1821 the City Council was elected for the first time .

 

In 1848 the Piedmontese patriots landed here to make the town rise up against foreign occupation and Garibaldi fought against the Austrians in Luina. In 1867, the city dedicated its first Italian monument to the Nice general, when he was, among other things, still alive.

 

In 1882 the international railway line was inaugurated which connected Luino to Bellinzona , capital of the Canton of Ticino . The local station therefore became an international transit point, especially for goods coming down from Central Europe , through the San Gottardo railway tunnel , to head to the port of Genoa . The improvement of connections (although never fully implemented in the face of the many projects formulated) promoted, in the second half of the nineteenth century, a lively and prolific industrialization in the Luinese area.

 

Symbols

The coat of arms and the banner were granted by decree of the President of the Republic of 27 April 1970.

 

«D'azzurro, at the silver castle , on a green terrace, crenellated in the Guelph style, damaged by a swan also in silver, closed in black, towered with two windowed pieces of the field: all lowered to a gold cape , loaded with a black eagle, crowned with the same. Exterior ornaments from the city.

 

Flag

«Two stripes, one light blue, the other gold: the latter up for auction.

 

Monuments and places of interest

Religious architecture

Provost Church of St. Peter and Paul

Church of St. Peter

Church of San Giuseppe , there is a late Baroque organ from 1683, which underwent restoration by Vincenzo Mascioni and sons in the early twentieth century.

Sanctuary of the Madonna del Carmine , there is an organ from 1857 by Francesco Camisi, in neoclassical style

Church of Santa Caterina (in Colmegna)

Church of Santa Maria Assunta (in Voldomino)

Church of San Biagio (in Voldomino)

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes (in Creva)

Church of S. Maria Immacolata Motte

BVA Addolorata Church Pianazzo

BVCarmelo Longhirolo Church

BVRosario Church Roggiolo

Other places of interest

Palazzo Verbania , an Art Nouveau building from the early 1900s overlooking the lake, recently reopened after a few years of restoration.

Palazzo Crivelli Serbelloni, seat of the town hall, built in 1775 by the architect Carlo Felice Soave , remained unfinished.

Villa Hussy

Statue of Garibaldi, the work of the sculptor Alessandro Puttinati : in addition to being the first to have been dedicated to him in Italy, it was erected in 1867 when the hero of two worlds was still alive.

In Luino there is the 3V nature trail.

 

Foreign ethnic groups and minorities

According to ISTAT data as of 31 December 2010, the resident foreign population was 1,039 people.

The most represented nationalities based on their percentage of the total resident population were:

 

Morocco 179 - 17.23%

Albania 124 - 11.93%

Romania 102 - 9.82%

Switzerland 85 - 8.18%

Germany 84 - 8.08%

Ukraine 75 - 7.22%

 

Culture

Education

" Vittorio Sereni " Scientific High School in Luino

ISIS City of Luino "Carlo Volontè"

Bernardino Luini State Comprehensive Institute, lower secondary school

Maria Ausiliatrice Parochial Institute, nursery, nursery school, primary school, lower secondary school

Museums

Verbano Railway Museum

Palazzo Verbania, home to temporary exhibitions and archives dedicated to Piero Chiara and Vittorio Sereni .

Luino is an archaeological area. In fact, finds from the Bronze Age have been found here.

 

Cinema

Luino is the city where Alberto Lattuada filmed Come and have coffee... with us , and Marco Vicario filmed some scenes from The Astrakhan Coat , films based on two novels by Piero Chiara , a writer born in Luino.

In the summer of 2013 Luino was the main location of the film Il pretore directed by Giulio Base. The cast includes Francesco Pannofino , Sarah Maestri (from Luina), Eliana Miglio (also from Luino), Mattia Zaccaro Garau , Max Cavallari and Debora Caprioglio . The magistrate's office, in particular, was set up in the Town Hall. A peculiarity of the film was the massive involvement of the citizens: many people from Luino were in fact recruited as extras in the film released in 2014. The first screening of the film was made in Rome on 2 April 2014 while the following day the film was screened for first time at the Cinema Sociale of Luino with the presence of the cast and director.

 

Cross-border

The proximity to the Italian-Swiss border means that Luino is strongly affected by cross-border travel, that is, by the presence of Italian workers who travel to Switzerland every day for work.

 

Industry

Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, Luino was a highly industrialized city, especially in the textile sector, facilitated by the great availability of water. There were many entrepreneurs, both Italian and Swiss, who chose to found factories and factories in the Luino area.

 

Towards the end of the 20th century the industry entered a crisis: the industrial areas were mostly abandoned and their redevelopment process began in the third millennium.

 

Finance

The industrial success was also at the basis of the birth, in 1883 , of the Banca Popolare di Luino (which became Banca Popolare di Luino e di Varese in 1941 ), which became one of the most powerful and branched credit institutions in north-western Lombardy. "La Luino", as it was also known, was taken over by Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria in 1996 and in 2003 it ceased to exist as an autonomous entity; the sign definitively disappeared in 2007 to make room for UBI Banca .

 

Services

As regards the sector of public and private services, Luino is the main point of reference for the surrounding valleys (station, banks, hospital, municipality, revenue agency, etc.)

 

Tourism

The lakeside location makes Luino a popular tourist destination, with particularly strong flows from Switzerland and the German-speaking area in general. Given the limited capacity of accommodation facilities, tourism is essentially entrusted to the spontaneous market of second homes.

 

Infrastructure and transport

Roads

The main road routes of Luino are the state road 394 of Verbano Orientale , the state road 344 towards Porto Ceresio-Luino and the provincial road 69 of Santa Caterina.

 

Railways

The Luino station , located on the Novara–Pino line , functions as a border stop between Italy and Switzerland : on its grounds the voltage change of the overhead contact line takes place (from the Italian 3 kV DC to the Swiss 15 kV AC) and is equipped with customs offices . Regional connections operated by Trenord operate there as part of the service contract stipulated with the Lombardy Region , as well as international suburban trains operated by TILO on Italian-Swiss routes.

 

The Colmegna station also falls within the municipal territory , serving the hamlet of the same name .

 

In the past Luino represented the northwestern terminus of the narrow gauge railways for Ponte Tresa and Varese , which stopped at the stations of Luino Lago , located near the pier, and Luino Scalo .

 

Lake transport

The Luino pier connects many locations with boats from the Navigazione Lago Maggiore company, including on the Piedmont side of Lake Maggiore. Direct connections are more frequent in the period March-October, and lead to the towns of Cannero Riviera , Cannobio , Locarno and Stresa .

 

Urban mobility

The city has a system of urban, interurban and international buses with neighboring Switzerland. Urban and interurban bus services are managed by the company Autolinee Varesine Srl on behalf of the CTPI (Consorzio Trasporti Pubblici dell'Insubria)

 

Administration

Luino obtained the title of city in 1969, following a decree from the President of the Republic. From 1928 to 1948, Germignaga was also part of the territory of the municipality, following the municipal territorial restructuring carried out in the fascist period , as already in the Napoleonic era from 1809 to 1815. In 1955 Luino absorbed the hamlet of Colmegna (which in the eighteenth century constituted the municipality of Colmegna with Casneda) from the municipality of Maccagno and in 1928 the autonomous municipalities of Brezzo di Bedero (which later regained its autonomy) and Voldomino (already annexed in the Napoleonic era). As regards the political orientation of the municipal administration, in the so-called First Italian Republic Luino was essentially governed by centrist councils [14] , whose last exponent was the liberal Pietro Astini, in office between 1993 and 1995 and subsequently lapsed of the resignation of the majority of municipal councilors. The so-called Second Republic , which de facto began with the 1996 elections , saw various civic lists alternate in the municipality, more or less all characterized by rather clear links with political parties: a mandate with a centre-left council was followed in 2000 by the beginning of the hegemony of the centre-right , with the mayors Gianercole Mentasti and Andrea Pellicini re-elected for two consecutive terms each [15] . The center-left then managed to regain the municipality in 2020 , when Enrico Bianchi's civic list overtook the candidates of the outgoing administration, who overall had the majority in the vote count, but were penalized for having presented themselves (following internal struggles) divided into two formations

 

Twinning

Flag of France Sanary-sur-Mer , since 2001

Other administrative information

The municipality is the seat of the Valli del Verbano mountain community (previously it was the seat of the Valli del Luinese mountain community) and is part of the Regio Insubrica working community, a cross-border cooperation body that federates some provinces of Lombardy and Piedmont and the Swiss Canton of Ticino .

 

Sports

Pallacanestro Virtus Luino represents the city in basketball, participating in the regional Serie C Silver championship .

 

The Luino football club , which played some third series seasons, is based in the municipality.

Jongeren actief met dialect

in the squliq Tayal dialect spoken in Wulai, we call the fishing trident a paniq, but in other dialects of Tayal, it’s called a cinlongan. The one without barbs is called a pneloq, and barbed arrows are called klisu.

These are Tayal (Taiwan aborigine) arrows made for me a couple of years ago. Photo 2009.09, Wulai, Taiwan

The most exciting suitcase in modern Manx literature research?

 

This is the suitcase that used to be owned by the Manx dialect performer, Gladys Cowell of Peel. As a avid performer and a strong motivator of Manx dialect theatre and recital more generally, she was at the centre of a lot of new writing in the 1960s, including commissioned plays by the likes of Kathleen Faragher. Through this and her collecting in and reviving the works of earlier authors, she came to amass some unique and extremely important materials relating to Manx literature. After her death, these were collected into this suitcase and deposited in the Leece Museum in Peel.

 

Besides original manuscript copies of works by Kathleen Faragher, J. J. Kneen and W. Clucas Kinley, the suitcase included copies of the short comic play in Manx dialect for an all-female cast:

'Mrs. Kelly's Slough'

by Christopher Shimmin

manxliterature.com/sort-by-genre/plays/mrs-kellys-slough/

 

The play had been effectively forgotten about, having had no reference made to it anywhere but for in a few mentions in the Manx papers nearly 100 years ago.

 

The play was discovered as a happy consequence of research for the Kathleen Faragher Project (a Kathleen Faragher manuscript was also found in the suitcase). Culture Vannin funding and the willing consent of the Leece Museum has meant that the play is now available on the Manx Literature website:

manxliterature.com/sort-by-genre/plays/mrs-kellys-slough/

 

More about the discovery can be found here:

www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/lost-manx-play-d...

 

The Manx Radio interview about the discovery can be listened to here:

soundcloud.com/manxliterature/manx-radio-160915-shimmin-m...

The Michael Players RBV, performing J. J. Kneen's 1913 Manx dialect play, 'A Lil Smook'

 

This picture was taken by Jiri Podobsky at the Manks Concert at the Peel Centenary Centre, 24 February 2018.

The event was organised by the Manx Branch of the Celtic Congress.

Thanks is owed to Jiri Podobsky for his generosity in allowing us to share the pictures here.

 

Culture Vannin exists to promote and support all aspects of culture in the Isle of Man.

www.culturevannin.im

www.facebook.com/culturevannin

www.twitter.com/CultureVannin

 

Luino ( Lüìn in Varese dialect ), called Luvino until 1889, is an Italian municipality of 14,185 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy . The city, which overlooks the eastern shore of Lake Maggiore or Verbano, also nicknamed "Costa Fiorita", is best known for hosting a well-known market every Wednesday, which involves the entire city center and is a tourist attraction.

 

It is an important center for tourism and the economy of the upper Varese area. It borders Switzerland to the east , via the Fornasette pass.

 

Physical geography

Territory

The territory of the municipality is approximately 220 meters above sea level . It is about 23 km from Varese , the capital of the province of the same name to which the municipality belongs.

 

Climate

The climate of Luino, like that of the entire northern basin of Lake Maggiore , is extremely rainy. The average annual rainfall is between 1800 and 2500 mm in the municipal area. These precipitation values ​​are approximately double those recorded in the city of Milan and triple the averages of the other locations in the Po Valley . Solar radiation is one of the lowest in Italy, with an average of just 4736 MJ/m 2 .

 

History

Formerly an ancient medieval village of Roman origin, (3rd century necropolises have been found where the railway station is now located, which in the past had great importance: before the birth of the Como-Chiasso axis, it was, in fact, an obligatory passage for the Gotthard ). Luino is mentioned for the first time in official documentation dating back to 1169 with the name of Luvino , which derives from the proper name Luvinum and remained until the royal decree of 27 January 1889, No. 5932, made the current name official .

 

It is a town located a few kilometers from the Swiss border, on the pre-Alpine slopes surrounding Lake Maggiore . Ernest Hemingway writes in A Farewell to Arms :

«I saw a wedge-shaped gap in the mountains on the other bank and thought it must be Luino»

 

During the Middle Ages it was the subject of contention between powerful Milanese and Como families, yet still managed to defend its freedom and municipal autonomy. It was occupied in 1512 by the Swiss, but was then reconquered again by the Sforza in 1515. Charles V assigned it the market right in 1541 , alternating with that of Maccagno which until then had enjoyed exclusivity; the concession was confirmed in 1786 and saw Luino winning over Laveno who aspired to obtain the same prerogative. The market is currently held, and has been for many years, on Wednesday of each week. In 1821 the City Council was elected for the first time .

 

In 1848 the Piedmontese patriots landed here to make the town rise up against foreign occupation and Garibaldi fought against the Austrians in Luina. In 1867, the city dedicated its first Italian monument to the Nice general, when he was, among other things, still alive.

 

In 1882 the international railway line was inaugurated which connected Luino to Bellinzona , capital of the Canton of Ticino . The local station therefore became an international transit point, especially for goods coming down from Central Europe , through the San Gottardo railway tunnel , to head to the port of Genoa . The improvement of connections (although never fully implemented in the face of the many projects formulated) promoted, in the second half of the nineteenth century, a lively and prolific industrialization in the Luinese area.

 

Symbols

The coat of arms and the banner were granted by decree of the President of the Republic of 27 April 1970.

 

«D'azzurro, at the silver castle , on a green terrace, crenellated in the Guelph style, damaged by a swan also in silver, closed in black, towered with two windowed pieces of the field: all lowered to a gold cape , loaded with a black eagle, crowned with the same. Exterior ornaments from the city.

 

Flag

«Two stripes, one light blue, the other gold: the latter up for auction.

 

Monuments and places of interest

Religious architecture

Provost Church of St. Peter and Paul

Church of St. Peter

Church of San Giuseppe , there is a late Baroque organ from 1683, which underwent restoration by Vincenzo Mascioni and sons in the early twentieth century.

Sanctuary of the Madonna del Carmine , there is an organ from 1857 by Francesco Camisi, in neoclassical style

Church of Santa Caterina (in Colmegna)

Church of Santa Maria Assunta (in Voldomino)

Church of San Biagio (in Voldomino)

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes (in Creva)

Church of S. Maria Immacolata Motte

BVA Addolorata Church Pianazzo

BVCarmelo Longhirolo Church

BVRosario Church Roggiolo

Other places of interest

Palazzo Verbania , an Art Nouveau building from the early 1900s overlooking the lake, recently reopened after a few years of restoration.

Palazzo Crivelli Serbelloni, seat of the town hall, built in 1775 by the architect Carlo Felice Soave , remained unfinished.

Villa Hussy

Statue of Garibaldi, the work of the sculptor Alessandro Puttinati : in addition to being the first to have been dedicated to him in Italy, it was erected in 1867 when the hero of two worlds was still alive.

In Luino there is the 3V nature trail.

 

Foreign ethnic groups and minorities

According to ISTAT data as of 31 December 2010, the resident foreign population was 1,039 people.

The most represented nationalities based on their percentage of the total resident population were:

 

Morocco 179 - 17.23%

Albania 124 - 11.93%

Romania 102 - 9.82%

Switzerland 85 - 8.18%

Germany 84 - 8.08%

Ukraine 75 - 7.22%

 

Culture

Education

" Vittorio Sereni " Scientific High School in Luino

ISIS City of Luino "Carlo Volontè"

Bernardino Luini State Comprehensive Institute, lower secondary school

Maria Ausiliatrice Parochial Institute, nursery, nursery school, primary school, lower secondary school

Museums

Verbano Railway Museum

Palazzo Verbania, home to temporary exhibitions and archives dedicated to Piero Chiara and Vittorio Sereni .

Luino is an archaeological area. In fact, finds from the Bronze Age have been found here.

 

Cinema

Luino is the city where Alberto Lattuada filmed Come and have coffee... with us , and Marco Vicario filmed some scenes from The Astrakhan Coat , films based on two novels by Piero Chiara , a writer born in Luino.

In the summer of 2013 Luino was the main location of the film Il pretore directed by Giulio Base. The cast includes Francesco Pannofino , Sarah Maestri (from Luina), Eliana Miglio (also from Luino), Mattia Zaccaro Garau , Max Cavallari and Debora Caprioglio . The magistrate's office, in particular, was set up in the Town Hall. A peculiarity of the film was the massive involvement of the citizens: many people from Luino were in fact recruited as extras in the film released in 2014. The first screening of the film was made in Rome on 2 April 2014 while the following day the film was screened for first time at the Cinema Sociale of Luino with the presence of the cast and director.

 

Cross-border

The proximity to the Italian-Swiss border means that Luino is strongly affected by cross-border travel, that is, by the presence of Italian workers who travel to Switzerland every day for work.

 

Industry

Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, Luino was a highly industrialized city, especially in the textile sector, facilitated by the great availability of water. There were many entrepreneurs, both Italian and Swiss, who chose to found factories and factories in the Luino area.

 

Towards the end of the 20th century the industry entered a crisis: the industrial areas were mostly abandoned and their redevelopment process began in the third millennium.

 

Finance

The industrial success was also at the basis of the birth, in 1883 , of the Banca Popolare di Luino (which became Banca Popolare di Luino e di Varese in 1941 ), which became one of the most powerful and branched credit institutions in north-western Lombardy. "La Luino", as it was also known, was taken over by Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria in 1996 and in 2003 it ceased to exist as an autonomous entity; the sign definitively disappeared in 2007 to make room for UBI Banca .

 

Services

As regards the sector of public and private services, Luino is the main point of reference for the surrounding valleys (station, banks, hospital, municipality, revenue agency, etc.)

 

Tourism

The lakeside location makes Luino a popular tourist destination, with particularly strong flows from Switzerland and the German-speaking area in general. Given the limited capacity of accommodation facilities, tourism is essentially entrusted to the spontaneous market of second homes.

 

Infrastructure and transport

Roads

The main road routes of Luino are the state road 394 of Verbano Orientale , the state road 344 towards Porto Ceresio-Luino and the provincial road 69 of Santa Caterina.

 

Railways

The Luino station , located on the Novara–Pino line , functions as a border stop between Italy and Switzerland : on its grounds the voltage change of the overhead contact line takes place (from the Italian 3 kV DC to the Swiss 15 kV AC) and is equipped with customs offices . Regional connections operated by Trenord operate there as part of the service contract stipulated with the Lombardy Region , as well as international suburban trains operated by TILO on Italian-Swiss routes.

 

The Colmegna station also falls within the municipal territory , serving the hamlet of the same name .

 

In the past Luino represented the northwestern terminus of the narrow gauge railways for Ponte Tresa and Varese , which stopped at the stations of Luino Lago , located near the pier, and Luino Scalo .

 

Lake transport

The Luino pier connects many locations with boats from the Navigazione Lago Maggiore company, including on the Piedmont side of Lake Maggiore. Direct connections are more frequent in the period March-October, and lead to the towns of Cannero Riviera , Cannobio , Locarno and Stresa .

 

Urban mobility

The city has a system of urban, interurban and international buses with neighboring Switzerland. Urban and interurban bus services are managed by the company Autolinee Varesine Srl on behalf of the CTPI (Consorzio Trasporti Pubblici dell'Insubria)

 

Administration

Luino obtained the title of city in 1969, following a decree from the President of the Republic. From 1928 to 1948, Germignaga was also part of the territory of the municipality, following the municipal territorial restructuring carried out in the fascist period , as already in the Napoleonic era from 1809 to 1815. In 1955 Luino absorbed the hamlet of Colmegna (which in the eighteenth century constituted the municipality of Colmegna with Casneda) from the municipality of Maccagno and in 1928 the autonomous municipalities of Brezzo di Bedero (which later regained its autonomy) and Voldomino (already annexed in the Napoleonic era). As regards the political orientation of the municipal administration, in the so-called First Italian Republic Luino was essentially governed by centrist councils [14] , whose last exponent was the liberal Pietro Astini, in office between 1993 and 1995 and subsequently lapsed of the resignation of the majority of municipal councilors. The so-called Second Republic , which de facto began with the 1996 elections , saw various civic lists alternate in the municipality, more or less all characterized by rather clear links with political parties: a mandate with a centre-left council was followed in 2000 by the beginning of the hegemony of the centre-right , with the mayors Gianercole Mentasti and Andrea Pellicini re-elected for two consecutive terms each [15] . The center-left then managed to regain the municipality in 2020 , when Enrico Bianchi's civic list overtook the candidates of the outgoing administration, who overall had the majority in the vote count, but were penalized for having presented themselves (following internal struggles) divided into two formations

 

Twinning

Flag of France Sanary-sur-Mer , since 2001

Other administrative information

The municipality is the seat of the Valli del Verbano mountain community (previously it was the seat of the Valli del Luinese mountain community) and is part of the Regio Insubrica working community, a cross-border cooperation body that federates some provinces of Lombardy and Piedmont and the Swiss Canton of Ticino .

 

Sports

Pallacanestro Virtus Luino represents the city in basketball, participating in the regional Serie C Silver championship .

 

The Luino football club , which played some third series seasons, is based in the municipality.

Meeting with Agnès de Cayeux about Dialector by Chris Marker, in the context of "Iceberg" workspace.

 

“In the margin of the exhibition of Chris Marker’s work, the Iceberg is a workshop, a workspace, a temporary meeting space, with plenty of analogue and digital tools, texts, images, sounds and knowledge. This meeting place, which is open to the public, will become an exhibition space, before it will disappear. During this time, it will have been used by various groups from art colleges, secondary schools and other bodies, as they engage in a conversation with a body of work, that of Chris Marker, and of memories, technical resources, and places, here, in the present, in Brussels, in Belgium.“

 

www.bozar.be/fr/activities/148298-opening-l-iceberg

www.bozar.be/fr/activities/148040-l-iceberg-ou-qu-est-ce-...

Dr. David Oxendine, Chancellor Randy Woodson, Lumbee Indian dialect subject Georgia Locklear, vice-chanceller Jim Zuiches and Dr. Walt Wolfram (right) leave Georgia's Pembroke home.

Wild Dolphins 'Doric Dialect' dolphin by Gabrielle Reith at Sir Duncan Rice Library, University of Aberdeen

Castel del Monte (English: Castle of the Mount, Bari dialect: Castídde d'u Monte) is a 13th-century citadel and castle situated in Andria in the Apulia region of southeast Italy. It stands on a promontory, where it was constructed during the 1240s by the Emperor Frederick II, who had inherited the lands from his mother Constance of Sicily. In the 18th century, the castle's interior marbles and remaining furnishings were removed. It has neither a moat nor a drawbridge and some considered it never to have been intended as a defensive fortress; however, archaeological work has suggested that it originally had a curtain wall.Described by the Enciclopedia Italiana as "the most fascinating castle built by Frederick II", the site is protected as a World Heritage Site.