Tambis purchased in Hong Kong.

 

This fruit is called Watery Rose Apple or Tambis in Waray or Cebuano dialects in the Philippines (scientific name: Syzygium aqueum). This species brush cherry tree is commonly found in the Visayas region of the Philippines.

 

Here Are The Benefits That The Rose Apple Fruit Gives To Our Health

 

Rose apple which is also known as water apple or “tambis” is a watery fruit that is native to Eastern Australia. This bell-shaped fruit has shinny skin that may vary from light pink to red or yellow and green. Its white flesh contains lots of juice and is foamy.

 

This fruit is actually very rich in fibers, proteins, vitamins and iron. It brings lots of benefits to our health and here are some of them: The risk of breast cancer on women may be reduced by including low-fat foods in the diet and rose apple could be a great food for that.

 

Store the seeds of rose apple fruit for at least 4 days and grind it into fine powder. Add the powder in a glass of water and give to the person suffering from diarrhea.

 

The sweet and pleasant smell of rose apple, plus its juice, help reduce the body temperature.

 

It is rich in Vitamin C which helps reduce the cholesterol in the body.

 

If you love eating this fruit, you will love it even more after knowing this.

 

Finally, proof positive that “tambis” and “makopa” for Visayans at least, are distinct yet closely related fruit. It all started out with this first post several years ago, which referred to both of these species as tambis, as I had always done as a child. Then, one of my readers was perturbed by my lack of tambis/makopa knowledge, so I did a follow up post here(worth reading if you are really interested in the difference between the two fruit) to positively identify the scientific names of both fruit. That same reader sent me some photos many months ago but I couldn’t figure out how to get them into a publishable form, so I had to wait until I got my hands on both fruit at the same time (which isn’t so easy as the seasons apprarently barely overlap). Tambis, on the left in the photo above or water apple or syzgium aqueum and makopa, on the right or malay apple or syzgium malacenssis…

 

You can clearly see from the cross-section cuts that the skin, shape and seed of the fruits differ, and I have to say I am partial to the taste of tambis, with the thin skin and often refreshing and sweetish pulp while the makopa is denser, and at least the ones I tried, less tasty. But I have to add that I saw lots of brilliant looking makopa on a recent trip to Vietnam and Cambodia so maybe those would have tasted better than the ones I have eaten here…

 

For many folks on the island of Luzon, they would refer to either of these fruits as makopa, and if a perusal of neighborhood trees is a good sample, I think there are more “tambis”trees than “makopa” trees in Manila and the surrounding areas. What’s the big deal anyway? Just one of accuracy… And as I mention in earlier posts, even the venerable Doreen Fernandez and Desmond Tate seem to have missed the subtle distinction between the two fruit… so if they were a bit confused, what about the rest of us?

  

The Norfolk naturalist who inspired Ted Ellis. His real name was Arthur Patterson but he used 'Knowlittle' as his nom de plume. He was a considerable word-smith. Here is one of his poems which employs the Norfolk dialect:

 

Another Song of Another Norfolker

 

Bor, I never cood arn much money,

No matter how 'ard I try'd;

But never wor short o' dumplins

Or a good owd eel well fry'd.

 

Bor, I ha' found owd Norfolk frindly,

An' I married a Norfolk gal,

An' when I cum off o' the marshes,

I've found her a good owd pal.

 

Law! I ha' lived wi' monkeys,

And worked where the lions roar,

But I longed tu heer t' owd curlews

"Whaup" front o' th' houseboat door.

 

So I drifted back tu owd Norfolk,

And heer I intend tu 'bide;

For the bards, an' t' fishes, an' people

Of Norfolk, air all my pride.

 

When Broadland is left for Jordan,

And Charon cum over th' styx,

Du delve a deep hole in owd Norfolk

Whose sile wi' my ashes shell mix.

 

Manarola (Manaea in the local dialect) is a small town, a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Riomaggiore, in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northern Italy. It is the second smallest of the famous Cinque Terre towns frequented by tourists.

 

Manarola may be the oldest of the towns in the Cinque Terre, with the cornerstone of the church, San Lorenzo, dating from 1338. The local dialect is Manarolese, which is marginally different from the dialects in the nearby area. The name "Manarola" is probably dialectical evolution of the Latin, "magna rota". In the Manarolese dialect this was changed to "magna roea" which means "large wheel", in reference to the mill wheel in the town.

 

Manarola's primary industries have traditionally been fishing and wine-making. The local wine, called Sciacchetrà, is especially renowned; references from Roman writings mention the high quality of the wine produced in the region. In recent years, Manarola and its neighboring towns have become popular tourist destinations, particularly in the summer months. Tourist attractions in the region include a famous walking trail between Manarola and Riomaggiore (called Via dell'Amore, "Love's Trail") and hiking trails in the hills and vineyards above the town. Manarola is one of the five villages. Mostly all of the houses are bright and colourful.

 

Manarola was celebrated in paintings by the artists Llewelyn Lloyd (1879-1949) ("I ponti di Manarola" [:The Bridges of Manarola, 1904] and "Tramonto a Manarola" [:Sunset at Manarola, 1904] and Antonio Discovolo (1874–1956).

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

St Peter, Levington, Suffolk

 

A nice piece of Suffolk dialect, the failure to decline the third person of the verb.

 

I'd been feeling out of sorts for a while. Even Saturday's bright sunshine couldn't shake me out of my depressed lethargy. I don't know what it is - a bit fluey, under the weather, maybe just a bad cold. I had big ambitions to do a bike ride around Huntingdon, with the intention of visiting Little Gidding, but reports of flooded rural lanes put me off, and in the event I did not leave the house at all.

 

I got up early on Sunday, and as the day lightened it revealed a wondrous frozen landscape after a night of sub-zero temperatures. By nine o'clock I ws on my bike, cycling out of Ipswich by the back door through Nacton and out to Levington, where St Peter is one of my favourite churches of all. I feel closer to God in there than in most churches.

 

I spent about half an hour there - I had known there would not be a service on because when I passed neighbouring Nacton church there was one on there - and then I headed across the A14 to Bucklesham.

 

There was another service on at Bucklesham, so I pottered around in the graveyard for a while, and then headed back into Ipswich, remembering to pick up some cat food from Aldi on re-entry.

German collectors card by Schüle Frisch-Ei, no. 13. Photo: Arthur Grimm.

 

Gert Fröbe (1913- 1988) was a German stage and film actor and violinist. Fröbe was one of the most important German character actors of the 20th century. He appeared in many international productions. The tall, portly Fröbe is best remembered as the sadistic megalomaniac Auric Goldfinger in the James Bond film Goldfinger (1964).

 

Gert Fröbe was born Karl-Gerhart Fröbe in Oberplanitz near Zwickau, Germany, in 1913. He was the son of the alcoholic master ropemaker, leather merchant and cobbler Otto Johannes Fröbe and his wife Helene Alma née Sagewitz, who was a seamstress. Following his artistic urge, he began working as a scenery pusher and handyman at the Zwickau municipal theatre. On the side, he earned money as a stand-up violinist in Zwickau and became known as 'Der rode Geicher von Zwigge' (The Red Violinist of Zwickau) because of his reddish hair. Here he discovered his acting talent. From 1933 to 1935, he trained as a theatre painter at the Saxon State Opera in Dresden. He then took acting lessons and was soon given extra and supporting roles. His teacher Erich Ponto recognised his comedic talent. Ponto initially waved him off because of Fröbe's unmistakable Saxon dialect, but later accepted him as a pupil. He joined the NSDAP in 1934 at the age of 21 (or in 1929 at the age of 16 - the sources differ) and left again in 1937. Fröbe moved to Wuppertal in 1937 and received his first engagement at the local theatre. At the beginning of his stage career, he initially achieved success in humorous and cabaret pieces. In 1939 he was hired permanently at the Frankfurt Opera House and Playhouse. From 1940, Fröbe was seen at the Vienna Volkstheater. When all German theatres and stages were forced to close in the autumn of 1944 as part of the "total war", Fröbe was seconded to the Wehrmacht, where he served as a medical orderly in the army until the end of the war. After the war, he was engaged at the cabaret theatre Der Bunte Würfel in Munich and in 1946 got a job at the Munich Kammerspiele. In 1948, he had his breakthrough in the role of Otto Normalverbraucher (the German term equivalent to 'Average Joe') in the film Berliner Ballade/The Ballad of Berlin (R. A. Stemmle, 1948). With his corpulent physique, he often played the cliché of the typical German both in German and international films. He portrayed the uniform wearer who vacillates between joviality and brutality. In Germany, he often played comic roles such as in the comedy Der Tag vor der Hochzeit/The Day Before the Wedding (Rolf Thiele, 1952). He found small parts in such international productions as the war drama Decision Before Dawn (Anatole Litvak, 1951), which was nominated for the Oscar for Best Film, Man on a Tightrope (Elia Kazan, 1953) and Mr. Arkadin/Confidential Report (Orson Welles, 1955). He received a bigger role in Celui qui doit mourir/He Who Must Die (1957), a French-Italian film by Jules Dassin. Fröbe portrayed dogged detective Kriminalkommissar Kras pursuing the evil Dr. Mabuse in Die 1000 Augen des Dr Mabuse/The Thousand Eyes of Dr Mabuse (Fritz Lang, 1960) with Peter van Eyck. It spawned a film series of German Mabuse films that were released over the following years. He had his final breakthrough in the film Es geschah am hellichten Tag/It Happened in Broad Daylight (Ladislao Vajda, 1958), based on an original script by Friedrich Dürrenmatt. Fröbe played the mentally disturbed child murderer Schrott opposite Heinz Rühmann. The film became a classic of German cinema and the corpulent German actor caught the eyes of the producers of the James Bond films.

 

During Gert Fröbe's first meeting with British director Guy Hamilton, it turned out that the German spoke only a few words of English. His rugged appearance proved to be his greatest asset. Fröbe perfectly matched the description author Ian Fleming had given the Auric Goldfinger character: a large round pale head with ruddy hair on a thick body. The megalomaniac Goldfinger tries to kill 007 (Sean Connery) and irradiate the vast US gold reserves within Fort Knox. Although the character is an Englishman, he was given a voice with a German-sounding accent by voice actor Michael Collins. Goldfinger (Guy Hamilton, 1964), the third James Bond film, became a huge success. It made Fröbe famous worldwide and gave him numerous offers for roles in international cinema productions. However, after Fröbe admitted in an interview with the Daily Mail in 1965 that he had been a member of the NSDAP, Goldfinger and his other films were banned in Israel. Eight weeks later, the ban was lifted after Jewish witnesses came forward claiming that Fröbe had sheltered a Jewish family during the Nazi era and supported them with food. Fröbe had saved their lives by using his membership to hide them from the Gestapo in Vienna. Goldfinger was released in Israel in 1965. Other international productions in which Fröbe starred include The Longest Day (Ken Annakin, Andrew Marton, Bernhard Wicki, Darryl F. Zanuck, 1962), the British epic period comedy Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines -or How I Flew from London to Paris in 25 Hours and 11 Minutes (Ken Annakin, 1965), the war film Paris brûle-t-il ?/Is Paris Burning? (René Clément, 1966), and the Spy film Triple Cross (Terence Young, 1966). He also played Baron Bomburst in the children's film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (Ken Hughes, 1968) starring Dick van Dyke and Sally Ann Howes. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is based on a story by Bond author Ian Fleming and was also produced by Bond producer Albert R. Broccoli. He played a supporting part in Luchino Visconti's epic biographical drama Ludwig (1973), starring Helmut Berger as King Ludwig II of Bavaria and Romy Schneider as Empress Elisabeth of Austria. He also appeared in Claude Chabrol's psychological thriller Les Magiciens/Death Rite (1976) and Ingmar Bergman's drama The Serpent's Egg (1977) starring David Carradine and Liv Ullmann. In France, he co-starred with Pierre Richard in the comedy Le Coup du parapluie/The Umbrella Coup (Gérard Oury, 1980). During the 1980s, Fröbe was a spokesman in Mercedes Benz W123 commercials, helping to promote the coupé and the sedan. Fröbe was married five times. His biological son Utz came from his first marriage to Clara Peter. From 1953 to 1959, Fröbe was married to the film critic Hannelore Görtz. His third wife, the actress and singer Tatjana Iwanow, brought their son Andreas Seyferth into the marriage, whom Fröbe adopted. He was married to the RIAS journalist Beate Bach from 1962 until she died in 1968. In 1970, Fröbe married Karin Pistorius, whose daughter Beate was also adopted by him. At the beginning of the 1970s, Gert Fröbe paid off Utz Fröbe and Andreas Seyferth with 25,000 marks each. He only saw both sons sporadically after that. He suffered from salivary gland cancer for several years. Gert Fröbe died from the effects of a heart attack in Munich, Germany, in 1988. The actor was 75. He is buried at the Waldfriedhof in Icking. Fröbe's last screen role was in the television series Die Schwarzwaldklinik. The episode Hochzeit mit Hindernissen was only broadcast after his death in 1989.

 

Sources: Wikipedia (Dutch, English and German) and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Carinthia, Republic Of Austria.

 

Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (official name; until 2008 and further briefly just Klagenfurt , Slovenian Celovec ob Vrbskem jezeru ) is a large city in the south of Austria and the state capital of the Austrian state of Carinthia . In the local Bavarian-Austrian dialect her name is pronounced Klognfuat . With 104,332 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2023), it is the largest city in Carinthia and the sixth largest city in Austria . The urban area is located in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and currently has an area of ​​120 km².

 

Klagenfurt was first mentioned in documents in 1192/1199 and was of little relevance until Maximilian I donated the city to the Carinthian estates in 1518. This donation and the subsequent Protestant Reformation movement of the 16th century meant a steep rise for the city: Klagenfurt became the capital of Carinthia, and numerous buildings that are still important today, such as the country house and the cathedral, were built.

 

Today the statutory city of Klagenfurt is the seat of, among other things, the Carinthian state government , the Klagenfurt-Land district administration , the Diocese of Gurk , the Alpine-Adria University of Klagenfurt , the Gustav Mahler Private University of Music , an international airport and a location for the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences as well as numerous other companies and institutions, including those of the Carinthian Slovenes . Klagenfurt is also important for tourism due to its attractive city center with squares and old town buildings as well as cultural offerings and proximity to Lake Wörthersee .

 

Geography

Location

Klagenfurt is located on the Klagenfurter Feld in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and extends for around 15 km in a north-south and east-west direction. The city covers the entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee, the areas north of it are part of the Feldkirchen-Moosburg hill country and the Glantal mountain country. Parts of the northern district of Wölfnitz already belong to Zollfeld , the south of Klagenfurt lies at the foot of the Sattnitz ridge.

 

The city center is about 450 m above sea level; The highest point within the municipality is the Ulrichsberg at 1022 m above sea level. A. , the deepest is the Gurkerbrücke (420 m) on the eastern border of the city.

 

Around a third of the 120 km² municipal area is designated as agricultural area (33.4%) or forest (32.9%). 19.3% of Klagenfurt's area is used as building land , 2.2% is water and 1.3% is gardens. The remaining 10.9% fall under “other types of use”, which includes, among other things, transport routes , mining areas and wasteland .

 

The Adriatic is only about 150 kilometers away from Klagenfurt; Trieste can be reached via the motorway in around two hours.

 

Geology

The entire Klagenfurt Basin was filled by the Drau Glacier during the Ice Age . After the ice masses melted, alluvial fans of the Glan formed the subsoil of today's northern urban area and the Zollfeld, consisting of Ice Age gravel. At the same time, Lake Wörthersee was created, which around 4,000 years ago reached into today's city center, where a large moor area was formed through gradual silting up . The hills in the north of the city consist mainly of old crystalline mica schists and Paleozoic phyllites , green slates and limestone, while the Sattnitz ridge south of Klagenfurt consists of conglomerates .

 

Bodies of Water

In the north of the city, the Glan flows through Klagenfurt in a west-east direction, in the east the Gurk touches the Hörtendorf district , shortly before it joins the Glan in Ebenthal . There are two canals in the city center that were artificially created in the 16th century: the Lendkanal , which still connects the center with Lake Wörthersee today, and the Feuerbach , which is now almost completely absorbed into the city's underground sewer system. Flowing through the southern districts, the 8.8 km long Glanfurt (popularly “Sattnitz”) drains Lake Wörthersee into the Glan. Other, smaller rivers include the Kerbach, the Raba and the Struga, Wölfnitz and Viktringer Bach.

 

The entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee belongs to the urban area of ​​Klagenfurt, which has used the name of the lake in its own name since mid-2007. There are also a number of ponds in Klagenfurt. The Hallegg ponds , which lie in a nature reserve below Hallegg Castle , are among the largest.

 

City structure

Until 1848, the urban area only included today's Inner City ; with the formation of political communities in Austria, the immediately adjacent four suburbs (St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Viktringer and Villacher Vorstadt) were added to Klagenfurt in 1850. Apart from a smaller city expansion in 1893, Klagenfurt only reached its current size in the 20th century through the incorporation of previously independent communities in 1938 (districts IX to XII) and 1973 (districts XIII to XV).

 

The four districts of the inner city roughly form a square made up of squares that are numbered clockwise starting at the top left (in the northwest corner). The next four districts (5-8) enclose the square in a roughly circular shape, the numbering starts at the top, in the north and goes to the right. The same applies to the larger districts 9 to 12, which in turn form a belt of sectors in the main cardinal directions. The three outermost and youngest districts, like all zones, are numbered to the right, but stand out discreetly like wings and are therefore not connected to each other; The count now starts in the south (southwest) with 13, runs through 14 in the northwest to the relatively small 15th district in the east.

 

The city consists of a total of 25 cadastral municipalities , in brackets the unofficial Slovenian names and the areas in hectares (as of December 31, 2021):

 

Bubble Village ( Blaznja vas , 241.49 ha)

Ehrenthal (548.85 ha)

Goritschitzen ( Goričica , 571.21 ha)

Großbuch (446.46 ha)

Großponfeld (664.94 ha)

Gurlitsch I* (632.51 ha)

Hallegg ( Helek , 425.55 ha)

Hörtendorf ( Trdnja vas , 946.61 ha)

Klagenfurt (629.53 ha)

Kleinbuch (220.95 ha)

Lendorf ( Dhovše , 579.55 ha)

Marolla (977.91 ha)

Nagra (201.44 ha)

Neudorf ( Nova vas , 658.90 ha)

St. Martin near Klagenfurt (349.02 ha)

St. Peter am Karlsberg (353.84 ha)

St. Peter near Ebenthal (358.99 ha)

St. Peter near Tentschach (246.63 ha)

St. Ruprecht near Klagenfurt (653.30 ha)

Stone ( Zakamen , 267.30 ha)

Tentschach (222.56 ha)

Viktring ( Vetrinj , 369.22 ha)

Waidmannsdorf ( Otoče , 422.75 ha)

Waltendorf ( Vapoča vas , 442.94 ha)

Welzenegg (579.38 ha)

* (Gurlitsch II is a cadastral community in the neighboring community of Krumpendorf.)

Climate

Klagenfurt has a temperate continental climate with relatively large temperature fluctuations between the seasons. Due to the inversion weather conditions prevailing in the Klagenfurt Basin, an above-average and often long-lasting formation of haze and fog is typical for this area. In early and mid-autumn this is predominantly ground fog, while in late autumn and winter mostly high-level fog occurs. A general lack of wind is also characteristic. The winters, which are cold compared to the Austrian average, can be temporarily alleviated by the foehn through the Karawanken Mountains to the south .

 

The long-term mean annual temperature (determined between 1961 and 1990) is 7.7 °C. The average temperature in Klagenfurt in 2007 was 9.7 °C.

 

History

Origin of name and founding legend

Etymologically, the name Klagenfurt has a Romanesque origin and came into German via Slovenian. Heinz-Dieter Pohl has linguistically reconstructed the formation of the Slovenian name Celovec for Klagenfurt, first documented in 1615 as V Zelovzi . The starting point for this was a Romanesque l'aquiliu meaning “place by the water” - but what was meant was not Lake Wörthersee, but the River Glan . The original Romansh form was initially transformed into la quiliu and adopted into Slavic without an article. According to phonetic laws, it became cvilj- . This was expanded with the ending -ovec , which is common in field and place names, which created Cviljovec . The similar-sounding Slovenian word cvilja meant something like 'lamentation'. In Slovenian, the name Cviljovec was reinterpreted in folk etymology as the “place of laments ”, which is reflected in German in the loan translation Klagenfurt. Other derivations are therefore not applicable, such as the one advocated by Eberhard Kranzmayer about a lament woman cvilja (= lament), one of the legendary Slavic ford and water women who did their laundry at streams and springs wash and mourn deaths, or from the Glan, according to which a Glanfurt would be the origin of the name. What is overlooked is that there actually is a river called Glanfurt , which was called Lanquart until the 16th century and is now also called Sattnitz (Slovene: formerly: Lank(a)rt, today: Sotnica, or more commonly: Jezernica = Seebach). . It is the outflow of Lake Wörthersee.

 

An even older derivation, which comes from the time of humanism, names the Latin name of the Roman city Claudiforum or Forum Claudii as the original name and refers to Roman sources. The name Klagenfurt is said to have developed from this. In fact, a Roman city, Virunum , founded by the Emperor Claudius , existed north of the present urban area. Today it is clear that Forum Claudii was an alternative name for Virunum and that there was no Roman city in the area of ​​today's Klagenfurt.

  

Lindwurm fountain : representation of the founding legend

The founding legend of Klagenfurt tells of a dragon that lived in a swamp and fed on people from the surrounding towns who approached it. The monster could only be killed through a trick: a tower was built, at the top of which an ox was chained as bait, the chain also being equipped with a large hook. When the dragon came out of its swamp to eat the ox, it got caught on the chain and was killed. This legend finds its heraldic expression in the city coat of arms of Klagenfurt and its artistic expression in the Lindwurm fountain .

 

Early settlements in today's urban area

The first traces of clearing and settlement in today's urban area date back to the period between 4000 and 2000 BC. Evidenced by finds in Lendorf, Waidmannsdorf and Viktring. Traces of settlements can be found from the Bronze Age ( dugout tree finds in the moor at the foot of the Sattnitz) as well as the urn field culture and the Hallstatt period (Wölfnitz and Waidmannsdorf). For a long time, only areas that towered over the marshy landscape in which today's city center is located were considered as settlement areas. The hills in the north of today's urban area were particularly suitable for this.

 

and the early

There is no evidence of any significant settlements in the area of ​​today's Klagenfurt in ancient times . The center of power for this region both during the Celtic Noricum period and during the period of Roman occupation, which began in 45 BC. From the 6th century BC to the 6th century ( Virunum ), it was located on the Zollfeld north of today's Klagenfurt . Nevertheless, sporadic Roman settlements arose here too, for example on the Spitalsberg the remains of a villa and graves from Roman times were found

 

Unlike many towns in Carinthia, where evidence of the immigration of Slavs into the area of ​​today's Carinthia, which took place from the end of the migration , can also be proven using place names, there is hardly any evidence of this in Klagenfurt. Nevertheless, it is assumed that today's urban area was connected to the Carolingian-Franconian Palatinate of Karnburg (Civitas Carantana), which was built around the year 828. In the course of the Christianization of Carinthia, the church foundations of Maria Saal in Zollfeld by the diocese of Salzburg and Maria Wörth were significant, but there is no evidence of any foundations on the eastern bank of Lake Wörthersee at this time.

 

After Carinthia was made a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire in 976, numerous monasteries were founded in the 11th century. But it was only in the first half of the 12th century that Klagenfurt became important: the Spanheimers , who had been wealthy in Carinthia since the middle of the 11th century and were the Carinthian dukes between the years 1122 and 1279, had gradually acquired parts of today's city area . Count Bernhard founded the Cistercian monastery of Viktring in 1142 and initiated settlement in its surroundings.

 

Founding of the city

The Carinthian dukes Hermann († 1181) and Bernhard von Spanheim († 1256) are considered the founders of Klagenfurt. Hermann is seen as the founder of the Klagenfurt market, which was built on the southern edge of the Zollfeld in the area of ​​today's Spitalsberg . This settlement was first mentioned between June 1192 and March 1199 as the monastery of St. Paul was granted toll exemption “in foro Chlagenuurt”. However, the newly founded town was in the flood plain of the Glan and was repeatedly flooded. Bernhard von Spanheim took this as an opportunity to re-establish the settlement in a flood-proof area in 1246. Klagenfurt was rebuilt in the area around today's Old Square and received city rights in 1252.

 

To protect the city, a castle (first mentioned in documents in 1268) and a six meter high city wall were built, in front of which a four meter deep and ten meter wide ditch was dug. The castle probably stood on the site of today's country house and was administered by ministerials who were called castle keepers (“castellanus de Chlagenfurt”). The first documented priest in Klagenfurt (Dominus Friedericus, 1255) was still vicar of Maria Saal . The first church in Klagenfurt was probably today's parish church of Klagenfurt-St. Egid , who was the patron saint of St. in the 14th century. Egidius accepted (documented 1347); The Holy Spirit Church with a cemetery and hospital was built outside the city walls (documented in 1355 and 1381).

 

Klagenfurt had only a small population compared to other cities in Carinthia and remained in the shadow of the capital St. Veit and the commercial center of Villach until the 16th century .

 

Donation of Klagenfurt to the estates

At the beginning of the 16th century, Carinthia only played a minor role within the inner Austrian states, because for long stretches the office of governor was not even occupied. The Roman-German king and later emperor Maximilian I came to their extensive inheritance after the Gorizia people died out in 1500. On the one hand, the absence of a sovereign helped the Carinthian estates to gain a stronger political position, but on the other hand, they had to struggle with peasant revolts at the time, which flared up again in the country in 1515 and during which the state capital St. Veit proved to be less than reliable.

 

In 1514 Klagenfurt was almost completely destroyed by fire. The estates asked the emperor, who had now also become sovereign, to give them the city in order to turn it into a bulwark against enemies from within and without. Maximilian complied with this wish, in the “Gabbrief” of April 24, 1518, he donated the city, including the castle and citizens, to the estates, while at the same time revoking all civil privileges.

 

The estates rebuilt the city and commissioned Domenico dell'Allio to plan city fortifications . The financing of this undertaking was significantly supported by Ferdinand I's leasing of the sovereign mint in 1529 and its relocation from St. Veit to Klagenfurt soon afterwards. The Lend Canal , an artificial waterway from Lake Wörthersee to the city, had already been created in 1527 and was used to transport goods, flood the moat and serve as a fire-fighting water reservoir. A second, much smaller canal, the so-called Feuerbach , brought Glanwasser into the city, which was available in two open channels and was also used to transport waste. The previous “Galgentratte” became the new center of the city as “Neuer Platz”. The streets around it were laid out in a checkerboard pattern. Important representative buildings such as the country house (from 1574) and today's cathedral (from 1581), which was built as a Protestant church, were built. In 1587, due to the ever-increasing tasks of the city administration, the judge and council asked the estates to appoint a mayor. As a result, Christoph Windisch (* ? – † 1597) was appointed the first mayor of the corporative city of Klagenfurt. By the end of the 16th century, Klagenfurt had grown into the most modern and strongest fortress city in the region.

 

Burgfriedstein at the Sattnitzbauern onQuellenstrasse

The city's sphere of influence included extensive areas of the hinterland and smaller towns outside the city fortifications. They formed the Klagenfurt castle keep , which was administered by the city judge. It stretched from St. Primus in the north to the swampy landscape of Glanfurt in the south and from the Glan in the east to the village of Waidmannsdorf in the west of the city. Not a single castle was built in this area; the noble residences of this type were all outside the keep boundaries.

 

Reformation and

In the course of the second half of the 16th century, large parts of the population and almost all of the Carinthian estates had joined the Lutheran Reformation movement ; in Klagenfurt one can speak of a consistently Protestant population as early as the 1570s.

 

The new doctrine was proclaimed both in St. Egid and in the Church of the Holy Spirit, and the newly built Trinity Church, later the Catholic cathedral, was also used as a Protestant church after its completion. While the Catholic Habsburgs, as sovereigns, were initially almost powerless in the face of this development, from around 1580 they initially hesitantly implemented the Counter-Reformation together with the Catholic Church in 1595, then with all their might after Archduke Ferdinand came to power. Citizens were given the choice of returning to Catholicism or leaving the country, books were burned and Protestant churches were temporarily closed.

 

The Trinity Church, which was closed in November 1600, was given to the Jesuits and reopened by them in April 1604 and consecrated to Saints Peter and Paul. Above all, the Jesuits, but also other orders that were part of the Counter-Reformation, shaped the intellectual and cultural development as well as with numerous new church and monastery buildings (St. Mary's Church with Franciscan monastery in 1617, Capuchin church and monastery in 1646, redesign of St. Egid and St . Peter and Paul etc.) the face of the city.

 

After the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773, Klagenfurt became the seat of the Gurk Cathedral Chapter in 1787/93.

 

End of Estate Rule, French Wars and March Revolution

The estates had already lost power with Maria Theresa's administrative reform . Since 1748, the city administration was no longer subject to the estate councilors and the burgrave . State authorities had taken their place. The state of Carinthia was divided into three districts and the “castle” was now the seat of a district office. In 1782, Klagenfurt lost its position as state capital after Joseph II placed all of Carinthia administratively under the Gubernium of Graz.

 

The square, planned layout of the old city center, shown here on a map from around 1735 with the city walls and city gates razed in 1809, can still be clearly seen on today's plans.

During the Napoleonic Wars, Klagenfurt was occupied by French troops in 1797 and in 1805 and 1809/1810. Before they left, Napoleon's Württemberg sappers blew up the city walls. The Völkermarkter Tor was the only one of the city gates that remained intact, but it had to give way to road expansion in 1867. Massive causeway bridges were built in place of the blown-up city gates. Today only a small remnant of the fortification wall and the city moat remains. However, the location of the city walls can still be clearly seen on today's “ring” around the city center.

 

Even though there were only sporadic acts of war in the country during the wars, this period and the years that followed marked an economic decline. From an urban planning perspective, however, the demolition of the fortifications also opened up new perspectives. A city map from 1827 shows the merging of the city center with its four suburbs: St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Villacher and Viktringer Vorstadt. In addition to the formation of districts, Klagenfurt was also a vital city in the pre-industrial period in terms of its social structure, its culture and its relationship to the surrounding area.

 

On the political stage, Klagenfurt and the now divided Carinthia were of little importance during the Metternich era . This was only to change again after the revolutionary year of 1848 , when Carinthia became an independent crown state again with the headquarters of a state parliament and a state government in Klagenfurt. After Klagenfurt became a city with its own statute in 1850, the second city expansion took place after more than 300 years as part of the general restructuring of the state and the country and the associated creation of local communities as the smallest self-governing bodies.

 

However, the hoped-for unification of Klagenfurt with numerous surrounding towns did not initially materialize; the neighbors saw no advantage in this and preferred status as an independent rural community. In addition to the inner city, the new municipality only comprised its four suburbs, including the “rural town of Spitalmühle”. Not even the entire truce had come to Klagenfurt: even the Kreuzbergl area of ​​the “Wölfnitzberg” remained in the cadastral community of St. Martin and became part of the new local community of St. Martin near Klagenfurt . In 1850, the first Klagenfurt local council chose the 51-year-old lawyer Andreas Koller , who had just been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order , as city leader.

 

Technological age

In 1863, Klagenfurt was connected to the Southern Railway network , and the resulting economic stimulus made Klagenfurt the center of Carinthia. The outdated, damaged water pipe, fed by the Feuerbach and the Sattnitz springs, was taken over by the city and improved. In 1864, Ferdinand Jergitsch founded the first volunteer fire department in Carinthia, a model organization for numerous cities in the k. u.k. Monarchy. The city ditches were partly filled in and built over, the agricultural area was expanded through drainage and the city was enlarged, including the former suburbs and surrounding communities, first to the east and later to the west towards Lake Wörthersee.

 

In the course of the busy construction activity, the Protestant Johanneskirche (1863–1866), the Carinthian State Museum (1884), the large school buildings (Hasner, Benedictine and West schools, secondary school, trade school, “Kucherhof” agricultural school), the state hospital (1895) and the new “Jubiläumsstadttheater” (1910). The economic rise was also documented by the first Carinthian state exhibition in 1885, at which 1,329 exhibiting companies presented their services to around 100,000 visitors. This laid the foundation for today's Klagenfurt Trade Fair.

 

In 1896, however, the city administration rejected the electrification of the city and the establishment of a railway directorate in Klagenfurt. Only after long negotiations was the basis for a power grid laid. In 1903, the city's streets received electric lighting instead of the incandescent gas lights that previously illuminated the streets. The horse-drawn tram set up in 1891 was replaced by the electric Klagenfurt tram from 1911 onwards . The railway management, on the other hand, had now established itself in Villach , making its western neighbor a “railway town”.

 

The First World War and its consequences for Klagenfurt

The First World War interrupted the city's rise. After Italy entered the war in 1915, Klagenfurt was not directly on the front of the mountain war and was therefore spared from the immediate war, but was subsequently flooded by returning soldiers. 2,214 people from Klagenfurt died as soldiers during the war. In addition, the SHS state that emerged after the end of the war claimed parts of southern Carinthia and Lower Styria, relying on the Slovenian population. His troops crossed the demarcation line and occupied Klagenfurt on June 6, 1919. For security reasons, the Carinthian state government had recently been temporarily relocated to Spittal an der Drau and later to St. Veit an der Glan. The troops had to withdraw again at the end of July 1919 after a referendum was held at the Paris Peace Conference on the fate of the disputed areas. The plebiscite of October 10, 1920 ultimately resulted in a clear majority for Carinthia and the Republic of Austria.

 

The economic consequences of the war - inflation and high unemployment - initially slowed down the further development of the city, which at times was unable to pay even the wages of its employees.

 

Period of National Socialism and the Second World War

With the “annexation” of Austria to the German Reich, Klagenfurt became the capital of the Carinthian district on March 12, 1938 ( Reichsgau from March 1, 1938 ). From October 1, 1938, East Tyrol and from April 17, 1941, Mießtal , which fell to Yugoslavia in 1918, and parts of Upper Carniola were also administered from Klagenfurt. Under the National Socialist mayor Friedrich von Franz, all previously published newspapers were discontinued and replaced by the Carinthian Grenzruf . The New Square was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz . In addition, numerous other squares and streets in the city were given the names of Nazi greats.

 

The young, small Jewish community in Klagenfurt (1934: 269 religious Jews) was almost completely wiped out during this time. During Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938, citizens of Klagenfurt devastated the prayer house in Platzgasse (which was later completely destroyed in a bombing raid), demolished Jewish apartments and desecrated the Jewish cemetery in St. Ruprecht. The bank accounts of the Jews in Carinthia were blocked, but the money is said to have been used in collaboration with the religious community to cover the travel costs of the emigrating Jews. Of all the Jews who were expelled from Carinthia or who emigrated “voluntarily”, 45 certainly died, but probably more died. Most of the Jews who remained in Klagenfurt were later arrested and deported to concentration camps; only a few were able to save themselves after 1939. In 1951 there were only nine Jewish citizens left in Klagenfurt.

 

On October 15, 1938, the previously independent community of Sankt Ruprecht and the towns of Sankt Peter, Annabichl and Sankt Martin as well as parts of the communities of Krumpendorf , Lendorf, Hörtendorf , Viktring and Maria Wörth were incorporated. This meant that the urban area grew from 618 hectares to 5,613 hectares (around nine times as much), and the population rose from 30,000 to over 50,000.

 

In the Lendorf district, prisoners from the Mauthausen concentration camp built a barracks and a “ Junker school ” for the Waffen-SS . The Klagenfurt-Lendorf concentration camp subcamp was located in the courtyard of today's Khevenhüller barracks.

 

After there had already been a smaller attack by the 9th US Air Fleet on Klagenfurt Airport in September 1943 , the first bombs fell on built-up urban areas on Sunday, January 16, 1944, at 11:41 a.m. The main targets were the area around the main train station and the tobacco factory on Kempfstrasse, where part of German aircraft production had been relocated from Wiener Neustadt to Klagenfurt. In three waves of attacks, 90 bombers dropped around 1,200 high-explosive bombs over the city. There were 234 deaths, 73 seriously injured and around 1,800 homeless people.

 

This attack was followed by 48 more by April 26, 1945, 12 of which were major attacks in which a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped. At the end of the war, 3,413 houses and 9,672 apartments had been destroyed. 60 percent of Klagenfurt's apartments were destroyed and 510 people were killed. 1665 Klagenfurt residents died as soldiers during the war.

 

Post-war and present

On May 8, 1945, British troops reached the city a few hours before the units of the Yugoslav armed forces and the Yugoslav partisans. The communist leadership of Yugoslavia under Marshal Tito , with the support of the Soviet Union , claimed Klagenfurt and large parts of Carinthia for themselves, but they encountered resistance from the British. However, the British were unable to prevent residents of the Klagenfurt district from being kidnapped by Yugoslav partisans.

 

Klagenfurt was part of the British zone until the end of the occupation in Austria in 1955. The English War Cemetery on Lilienthalstraße is still a reminder of this today.

 

In 1947, Austria's first district heating power plant was built in Klagenfurt, in 1955 the country's first high-rise building was built and in 1961, Wiener Gasse, together with Kramergasse, became the first designated pedestrian zone in Austria, which was soon expanded to include Alter Platz. The botanical garden , founded in 1862, was moved from Mießtalerstrasse to the former quarry on Kreuzbergl in 1958. The creation of the cathedral square by demolishing the Jesuit barracks , which had been damaged in the war, caused controversial discussions in the 1960s .

 

Science & Technology Park

A focus of city policy in the post-war period was the reconstruction and expansion of the school and university systems. With the establishment of the Federal High School for Slovenes in Klagenfurt in 1957, one of Austria's obligations in the State Treaty of 1955 was fulfilled. In addition, other educational centers were built with the aim of offering several training focuses for students in Klagenfurt, including the music high school in Viktring and the Mössingerstraße federal school center, which houses an HTL and a high school. The University of Education Sciences was founded in 1970, which subsequently became what is now the University of Klagenfurt .

As a result of the incorporation of four large neighboring communities ( Viktring , Hörtendorf , Wölfnitz and St. Peter am Bichl with the Ulrichsberg ) as well as some areas of neighboring communities ( Ebenthal , Maria Wörth , Poggersdorf , Liebenfels ) as part of the municipal reform in 1973, the municipal area became In 1938 it was expanded again significantly, by a good double, and reached its current size of 12,030 hectares.

 

Mosaic coat of arms for UEFA Euro 2008

On July 3, 2007, the local council decided to rename the city of Klagenfurt to “Klagenfurt am Wörthersee”, this was confirmed by the Carinthian state parliament. It was hoped that this would increase the city's marketing value. Critical voices, however, emphasized that Klagenfurt has only been located on Lake Wörthersee since the beginning of the 20th century through property purchases and that it has little in common with Lake Wörthersee in terms of cultural history.

 

The Wörthersee Stadium was rebuilt between 2006 and 2008 for the 2008 European Football Championship , and three preliminary round games took place in the stadium.

 

In 2015, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .

The sign is written in Neapolitan dialect of Italian

Schweighouse-sur-Moder (en allemand Schweighausen, prononcé en dialecte local "Schweighüse") est une commune française, située dans le département du Bas-Rhin et la région Alsace. Avant le 8 septembre 1949, la commune se nommait officiellement Schweighausen. Le 5 mars 1949, son conseil municipal ayant décrété que ce nom sonnait "trop allemand", pris la résolution de changer la dénomination du village en "Schweighouse-sur-Moder". Outre la question de la sonorité allemande, une raison invoquée fut reliée à un projet de création d'un grand cimetière national français sur le territoire de la commune, et au fait que l'orthographe "Schweighausen" aurait pu poser des problèmes aux visiteurs de l'intérieur, en raison de la présence d'une commune homonyme en Haute-Alsace. Néanmoins, ce projet de cimetière tomba aux oubliettes, et le nom resta comme il est aujourd'hui.

 

Le nom peut être décomposé en deux termes allemands : "Schweige ", à savoir "bétail" et "Haus ", à savoir "maison, demeure". En moyen haut-allemand, le pluriel en est "Husen " tandis que, en allemand contemporain, cela donne plutôt "Hausen ". On retrouve les différentes formes en Alsace, en plus des formes ayant résulté des différents processus de francisation : "House " ou "Hause ". Orthographié "Schweighouse" ou "Schweighausen", le nom du village peut se traduire par "maisons au bétail" (au pluriel).

 

Le village a un homonyme dans le Haut-Rhin : Schweighouse-Thann.

 

Les armes de Schweighouse-sur-Moder se blasonnent ainsi : « de sinople à la tour crénelée d'or maçonnée de sable ».

 

Source wikipedia

"Cape Matapan (Greek: Κάβο Ματαπάς, or Ματαπά in the Maniot dialect), also named as Cape Tainaron (Greek: Ακρωτήριον Ταίναρον), or Cape Tenaro, is situated at the end of the Mani Peninsula, Greece. Cape Matapan is the southernmost point of mainland Greece, and the second southernmost point in mainland Europe. It separates the Messenian Gulf in the west from the Laconian Gulf in the east.

 

"Cape Matapan has been an important place for thousands of years. The tip of Cape Matapan was the site of the ancient town Tenarus, near which there was (and still is) a cave that Greek legends claim was the home of Hades, the god of the dead. The ancient Spartans built several temples there, dedicated to various gods. On the hill situated above the cave, lie the remnants of an ancient temple dedicated to the sea god Poseidon (Νεκρομαντεῖον Ποσειδῶνος). Under the Byzantine Empire, the temple was converted into a Christian church, and Christian rites are conducted there to this day. Cape Matapan was once the place where mercenaries waited to be employed.

 

"At Cape Matapan, the Titanic's would-be rescue ship, the SS Californian, was torpedoed and sunk by German forces on 9 November 1915. In March 1941, a major naval battle, the Battle of Cape Matapan, occurred off the coast of Cape Matapan, between the Royal Navy and the Italian Regia Marina, in which the British emerged victorious in a one-sided encounter. The encounter's main result was to drastically reduce future Italian naval activity in the Eastern Mediterranean.

 

"More recently a lighthouse was constructed, but it is now in disuse."

 

Source: Wikipedia

Lundi 26 janvier 2010, présentation et séance de dédicace à la Maison de l’Alsace, "Le gardien des âmes" par l’auteur Pierre KRETZ

  

Un Alsacien se terre dans sa cave parmi les fantômes du passé…

 

Un grand roman sur le poids de la guerre et le difficile travail de mémoire en Alsace

 

- Par l’auteur du best-seller Quand j’étais petit, j’étais catholique.

- Des soldats de 14-18 à la fin de la guerre d’Algérie en passant par les Malgré Nous, l’histoire de plusieurs générations d’Alsaciens.

 

Grave, sans tabou et pourtant plein d’humour, un texte sensible et poignant sur tout ce qui contribue à l’identité alsacienne : la langue, les changements successifs de nationalité, la dérision…

  

L’OUVRAGE

 

Voici le roman qui manquait à l’Alsace ! Voici une œuvre littéraire qui en dit bien plus sur une histoire malmenée et sur une mémoire meurtrie que tant de livres de souvenirs ou d’érudition. Dans un long monologue sans complaisance, non dénué de tendresse et d’humour, un homme raconte pourquoi il s’est retiré du monde. Volontairement reclus dans la cave de sa maison familiale, au cœur d’un petit village alsacien semblable à tous les autres, entouré de photos et de documents, il s’est transformé en « gardien des âmes », celles des soldats disparus en Russlànd, des femmes restées seules, des anciens de la guerre d’Algérie. En cherchant à renouer, dans une impossible psychanalyse, les fils d’une histoire familiale déchirée par les violences de l’histoire, il fait revivre les figures de ses proches, parents et amis d’enfance. Sa confession, belle et envoûtante, ouvre les portes d’un apaisement, d’une sérénité lucide. D’une réconciliation.

Avec ce roman tendu comme un arc et émouvant comme un coucher de soleil, Pierre Kretz exprime la forte humanité qui avait séduit les nombreux lecteurs de Quand j’étais petit, j’étais catholique.

 

Aux Éditions La Nuée Bleue : www.nueebleue.com

  

L’AUTEUR

 

Né en 1950 à Sélestat, Pierre Kretz a exercé pendant 25 ans la profession d’avocat à Strasbourg. Parallèlement, il a initié de nombreuses aventures théâtrales, principalement en dialecte alsacien, en tant que comédien, auteur et metteur en scène.

  

Maison de l’Alsace (Maison régionale pour promouvoir l’Alsace à Paris)

39, Avenue des Champs-Élysées

75008 PARIS

Métro : lignes 1 et 9 Franklin D. Roosevelt

Bus : lignes 32 et 73 La Boétie - Champs-Élysées

Parking : rue Pierre Charron

Tél. : 01 53 83 10 10

E-mail : info@maison-alsace.com

www.maison-alsace.com

Knucker is a dialect word for a kind of water dragon, living in knuckerholes in Sussex, England. The word comes from the Old English nicor which means "water monster" and is used in the poem Beowulf.

 

The most famous Knucker lived, according to legend, at Lyminster. The Knucker apparently caused a lot of trouble, consuming local livestock and even villagers, and so it was decided to slay the monster. A number of different legends recount how this was done.

 

One version has the dragon slain by a knight-errant after the king of Sussex offered his daughter's hand in marriage to whoever rid them of the beast. Legend says that after marrying the princess, the knight settled in Lyminster and his gravestone, the Slayer's Slab, can be seen in Lyminster church.

 

An alternative legend has the dragon outwitted by a local farmer's boy, called Jim Pulk or Jim Puttock, said in some versions to be from Wick, after the Mayor of Arundel offered a reward. He killed the dragon by cooking it a giant poisoned pie, which he took to the knuckerhole on a horse and cart. The dragon ate up pie, horse and cart. When it had expired the boy returned and cut off its head. In some versions he then dies himself, probably of the same poison he used on the dragon, though this is possibly a later addition designed to explain the Slayer's Slab.

 

It was believed that knuckers could be found at knuckerholes in various places in Sussex, including Lyminster, Lancing, Shoreham and Worthing.

 

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the slideshow

  

Qi Bo's photos on Fluidr

  

Qi Bo's photos on Flickriver

  

Qi Bo's photos on FlickeFlu

  

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From 19 to 21 August 2016 in the Sicilian town of Ali, there was the so-called "Great Feast" ("Festa Ranni" in Sicilian dialect) in honor of their patron Saint Agatha.

 

The feast, which lasts three days, it is called "Feast Ranni" (Great Feast) to emphasize the exceptional nature of the event, since it falls only once every ten years. Preparations officially begin early as a month before and are involved both the "ciliary" (ie families entrusted from time to time, which shall prepare at their own expense at the solemn celebration for Her Patron Saint), both the "Deputation of St. Agatha" collaborating with the parish priest, plays a role during the organizational phase.

 

The passage of the Holy Relics of the Martyr Agatha in the village of Ali (Messina) in their return to Catania, on the morning of August 17 of the year 1126, it was for this Sicilian center an extraordinary and grandiose event, that led to the building of the great Mother Church , which took place in the sixteenth century; then the celebration of the annual festival but especially the so-called "Great Feast", which recalls the three-day feasts taking place in the city of Catania.

  

We don't known the origins of this ancient feast, whose complex ritual was entrusted, almost to the present day only to the oral tradition; Father Seraphim of Ali (junior) speaks in 1754, in his book "Of story of Ali and his territory".

Long and laborious preparations are assigned to two groups each formed by twelve families belonging to two different districts of the country, they receive instructions to draw up each other's "Ciliium of Bread" and the other the "Cilium of Girls". These families are appointed by the Deputation of St. Agatha (Advisory body that exercises within the Church Mother, economic and organizational functions) and by the parish priest.

The names of the families of "ciliary", as they are called, are made known by the parish priest, after the morning Mass of the 5 February of the current year.

  

Traditionally the families of "Ciliium of Girls" traveling in neighboring countries (Fiumedinisi, Itala and Ali Terme) with the sound of the accordion and tambourine, to communicate the imminent date of the festivities and take offerings and gold jewelry in part borrowed, in part donated, to adorn the "Cilium of Girls".

Liturgical events are intertwined with the traditional folk feast. The Feast attracts many faithful and many emigrants who, for the occasion, return to their native village of Ali. The last day of celebration the two Ciliums and the float of St. Agatha are carried in procession through the city.

 

Postscript: This report is dedicated to the German family of Jewish origin, consisting of father, mother and two children, on a boat they decided to take his own life to escape their Nazi persecutors, by binding them all together, and weighted with stones, they threw themselves off the waters of Mazzaro (Taormina); they were later fished out by now without life, by local fishermen: in the "graveyard of foreigners" of Taormina, now for ever and ever close together, they rest in peace.

  

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Dal 19 al 21 Agosto 2016 nel paese Siciliano di Alì (Messina) si è svolta una caratteristica festa, della quale propongo un report fotografico.

 

La Festa , durata infatti tre giorni, è denominata "Festa Ranni" (Festa Grande) per porre in risalto l'eccezionalità del fenomeno e la grandiosità dell’evento, poiché essa ricade una sola volta ogni dieci anni. I preparativi iniziano ufficialmente già un mese prima e vedono coinvolti sia i “ciliari” (cioè le famiglie incaricate di volta in volta e scelte a rotazione, che provvedono a preparare a proprie spese la festa solenne per la Santa Patrona, con l’allestimento dei due “cilii” ovvero le due “vare” anche intese come “cerei”), sia la “Deputazione di S. Agata” che collaborando con il Parroco, svolge un ruolo durante la fase organizzativa.

 

Il passaggio delle Sacre Reliquie della Martire catanese dal paese di Ali (Messina) nel rientro loro verso Catania, la mattina del 17 agosto dell’anno 1126 , fu per questo centro Siciliano un evento straordinario e grandioso, che portarono alla edificazione della grande Chiesa Madre, avvenuta nel XVI secolo, quindi alla celebrazione della festa annuale ma soprattutto della così detta “Festa Ranni”, che ricorda i tre giorni di festa che avvengono nella città di Catania.

  

Oscure sono le origini e le antiche modalità di svolgimento di questa festa, il cui complesso rituale è stato affidato, fin quasi ai nostri giorni esclusivamente alla tradizione orale, Padre Serafino d’Alì (junior) ne parla nel 1754, nel suo libro “Della storia di Alì e suo territoro”.

Lunghi e laboriosi sono i preparativi affidati a due gruppi formati ciascuno da dodici famiglie appartenenti a due diversi quartieri del paese, che ricevono l’incarico di allestire l'uno il "Cilio del Pane" e l'altro il "Cilio delle Ragazze". Queste famiglie vengono nominate dalla Deputazione di S. Agata (Organo consultivo che esercita all’interno della Chiesa Madre, funzioni economico-organizzative) e dal Parroco, e la loro scelta segue una rotazione tale che nel corso degli anni nessun nucleo familiare, e di conseguenza nessun quartiere, ne rimane escluso.

 

I nomi dei "Ciliari", così vengono denominati, vengono resi noti dal Parroco, al termine della messa mattutina del 5 Febbraio dell’anno prestabilito per la Festa.

 

Come già detto sopra, ogni gruppo provvede autonomamente ad allestire l'uno il "Cilio del Pane" l'altro il "Cilio delle Ragazze".

  

Per tradizione le 12 famiglie di “ciliari delle ragazze”, anche loro sempre accompagnate da un nutrito gruppo (soprattutto giovani), si recano nei paesi vicini (Fiumedinisi, Itala e Alì Terme) a suon di fisarmonica e tamburello, per comunicare l’imminente data dei festeggiamenti e per raccogliere offerte e monili d’oro in parte in prestito, in parte ceduti, per adornare il “cilio delle ragazze”.

Le manifestazioni liturgiche si intrecciano con quelle folkloristiche; la festa richiama numerosi fedeli e parecchi emigrati che, per l’occasione, fanno ritorno al paese natio di Alì. L’ultimo giorno di festa i due cilii ed il fercolo di S. Agata vengono portati in processione lungo le vie cittadine.

Post scriptum: questo report lo dedico alla famiglia tedesca di origine ebrea, composta da padre, madre e da due bambini, che su di una barca decise di togliersi la vita per sfuggire ai loro persecutori nazisti, essi legandosi tutti tra di loro, ed appesantiti con pietre, si gettarono al largo delle acque di Mazzarò (Taormina); essi vennero poi ripescati, oramai senza vita, dai pescatori locali: nel “cimitero degli stranieri” di Taormina riposano le loro spoglie mortali.

  

A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species Bos taurus (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including bullfighting and bull riding.

 

Due to their temperament, handling of bulls requires precautions.

 

Nomenclature

See also: List of animal names

The female counterpart to a bull is a cow, while a male of the species that has been castrated is a steer, ox, or bullock, although in North America, this last term refers to a young bull. Use of these terms varies considerably with area and dialect. Colloquially, people unfamiliar with cattle may also refer to steers and heifers as "cows", and bovines of aggressive or long-horned breeds as "bulls" regardless of sex.

 

A wild, young, unmarked bull is known as a micky in Australia.[3] Improper or late castration on a bull results in him becoming a coarse steer, also known as a stag in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. In some countries, an incompletely castrated male is known also as a rig or ridgling.

 

The word "bull" also denotes the males of other bovines, including bison and water buffalo, as well as many other species of large animals, including elephants, rhinos, seals and walruses, hippos, camels, giraffes, elk, moose, whales, dolphins, and antelopes.

 

Characteristics

Bulls are much more muscular than cows, with thicker bones, larger feet, a very muscular neck, and a large, bony head with protective ridges over the eyes. These features assist bulls in fighting for domination over a herd, giving the winner superior access to cows for reproduction. The hair is generally shorter on the body, but the neck and head often have a "mane" of curlier, wooly hair. Bulls are usually about the same height as cows or a little taller, but because of the additional muscle and bone mass, they often weigh far more. Most of the time, a bull has a hump on his shoulders.

 

In horned cattle, the horns of bulls tend to be thicker and somewhat shorter than those of cows, and in many breeds, they curve outwards in a flat arc rather than upwards in a lyre shape. It is not true, as is commonly believed, that bulls have horns and cows do not: the presence of horns depends on the breed, or in horned breeds on whether the horns have been disbudded. (It is true, however, that in many breeds of sheep only the males have horns.) Cattle that naturally do not have horns are referred to as polled, or muleys.

 

Castrated male cattle are physically similar to females in build and horn shape, although if allowed to reach maturity, they may be considerably taller than either bulls or cows, with heavily muscled shoulders and necks.

 

Bulls become fertile around seven months of age. Their fertility is closely related to the size of their testicles, and one simple test of fertility is to measure the circumference of the scrotum; a young bull is likely to be fertile once this reaches 28 centimetres (11 in); that of a fully adult bull may be over 40 centimetres (16 in). Bulls have a fibroelastic penis. Given the small amount of erectile tissue, little enlargement occurs after erection. The penis is quite rigid when not erect, and becomes even more rigid during erection. Protrusion is not affected much by erection, but more by relaxation of the retractor penis muscle and straightening of the sigmoid flexure. Bulls are occasionally affected by a condition known as "corkscrew penis". The penis of a mature bull is about 3–4 cm in diameter, and 80–100 cm in length. The bull's glans penis has a rounded and elongated shape.

 

Misconceptions

A common misconception widely repeated in depictions of bull behavior is that the color red angers bulls, inciting them to charge. In fact, like most mammals, cattle are red–green color blind. In bullfighting, the movement of the matador's cape, and not the color, provokes a reaction in the bull.

 

Management

Beef production

Other than the few bulls needed for breeding, the vast majority of male cattle are castrated and slaughtered for meat before the age of three years, except where they are needed (castrated) as work oxen for haulage. Most of these beef animals are castrated as calves to reduce aggressive behavior and prevent unwanted mating, although some are reared as uncastrated bull beef. A bull is typically ready for slaughter one or two months sooner than a castrated male or a female, and produces proportionately more and leaner muscle.

 

Frame score is a useful way of describing the skeletal size of bulls and other cattle. Frame scores can be used as an aid to predict mature cattle sizes and aid in the selection of beef bulls. They are calculated from hip height and age. In sales catalogues, this measurement is frequently reported in addition to weight and other performance data such as estimated breed value.

 

Temperament and handling

Adult bulls may weigh between 500 and 1,000 kg (1,100 and 2,200 lb). Most are capable of aggressive behavior and require careful handling to ensure the safety of humans and other animals. Those of dairy breeds may be more prone to aggression, while beef breeds are somewhat less aggressive, though beef breeds such as the Spanish Fighting Bull and related animals are also noted for aggressive tendencies, which are further encouraged by selective breeding.

 

An estimated 42% of all livestock-related fatalities in Canada are a result of bull attacks, and fewer than one in 20 victims of a bull attack survives. Dairy breed bulls are particularly dangerous and unpredictable; the hazards of bull handling are a significant cause of injury and death for dairy farmers in some parts of the United States. The need to move a bull in and out of its pen to cover cows exposes the handler to serious jeopardy of life and limb. Being trampled, jammed against a wall, or gored by a bull was one of the most frequent causes of death in the dairy industry before 1940.[1] With regard to such risks, one popular farming magazine has suggested, "Handle the bull with a staff and take no chances. The gentle bull, not the vicious one, most often kills or maims his keeper".

 

Handling

In many areas, placing rings in bulls' noses to help control them is traditional. The ring is usually made of copper, and is inserted through a small hole cut in the septum of the nose. It is used by attaching a lead rope either directly to it or running through it from a head collar, or for more difficult bulls, a bull pole (or bull staff) may be used. This is a rigid pole about 1 m (3 ft) long with a clip at one end; this attaches to the ring and allows the bull both to be led and to be held away from his handler.

 

An aggressive bull may be kept confined in a bull pen, a robustly constructed shelter and pen, often with an arrangement to allow the bull to be fed without entering the pen. If an aggressive bull is allowed to graze outside, additional precautions may be needed to help avoid him harming people. One method is a bull mask, which either covers the bull's eyes completely, or restricts his vision to the ground immediately in front of him, so he cannot see his potential victim. Another method is to attach a length of chain to the bull's nose-ring, so that if he ducks his head to charge, he steps on the chain and is brought up short. Alternatively, the bull may be hobbled, or chained by his ring or by a collar to a solid object such as a ring fixed into the ground.

 

In larger pastures, particularly where a bull is kept with other cattle, the animals may simply be fed from a pickup truck or tractor, the vehicle itself providing some protection for the humans involved. Generally, bulls kept with cows tend to be less aggressive than those kept alone. In herd situations, cows with young calves are often more dangerous to humans. In the off season, multiple bulls may be kept together in a "bachelor herd".

 

Artificial insemination

Many cattle ranches and stations run bulls with cows, and most dairy or beef farms traditionally had at least one, if not several, bulls for purposes of herd maintenance.[32][33] However, the problems associated with handling a bull (particularly where cows must be removed from his presence to be worked) has prompted many dairy farmers to restrict themselves to artificial insemination (AI) of the cows. Semen is removed from the bulls and stored in canisters of liquid nitrogen, where it is kept until it can be sold, at which time it can be very profitable; in fact, many ranchers keep bulls specifically for this purpose. AI is also used to improve the quality of a herd, or to introduce an outcross of bloodlines. Some ranchers prefer to use AI to allow them to breed to several different bulls in a season or to breed their best stock to a higher-quality bull than they could afford to purchase outright. AI may also be used in conjunction with embryo transfer to allow cattle producers to add new breeding to their herds.

 

Relationship with humans

Aside from their reproductive duties, bulls are also used in certain sports, including bullfighting and bull-riding. They are also incorporated into festivals and folk events such as the Running of the Bulls and were seen in ancient sports such as bull-leaping. Though less common than castrated males, bulls are used as draught oxen in some areas. The once-popular sport of bull-baiting, in which a bull is attacked by specially bred and trained dogs (which came to be known as bulldogs), was banned in England by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835.

 

As with other animals, some bulls have been regarded as pets. The singer Charo, for instance, has owned a pet bull named Manolo.

 

Significance in human culture

Sacred bulls have held a place of significance in human culture since before the beginning of recorded history. They appear in cave paintings estimated to be up to 17,000 years old. The mythic Bull of Heavens plays a role in the ancient Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, dating as far back as 2150 BC. The importance of the bull is reflected in its appearance in the zodiac as Taurus, and its numerous appearances in mythology, where it is often associated with fertility. See also Korban. In Hinduism, a bull named Nandi, usually depicted seated, is worshipped as the vehicle of the god Shiva and depicted on many of the images of that deity.

 

Symbolically, the bull appears commonly in heraldry. Bulls appears as charges and crests on the arms of several British families. Winged bulls appear as supporters in the arms of the Worshipful Company of Butchers. In modern times, the bull is used as a mascot by both amateur and professional sports teams.

 

Bulls also have a special significance in Spanish culture, where the Running of the Bulls celebration occurs every year in summer. During this festival, a group of human runners called "mozos" try to outrace a group of bulls running behind them, while large crowds watch the entire race.

 

A popular NBA team, the Chicago Bulls, features the bull as its mascot.

There's so much I haven't learned about the different Spanish dialects.

The Japanese word Gyōza (ギョーザ, ギョウザ) was derived from the reading of 餃子 in the Shandong Chinese dialect (giaozi) and is written using the same Chinese characters.

 

The most prominent differences of Japanese-style gyōza from Chinese style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and the fact that Japanese gyōza are very lightly flavored with salt, soy, and that the gyōza wrappers are much thinner. They are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or Rāyu (known as chili oil in English, làyóu (辣油) in China). The most common recipe found is a mixture of minced pork, cabbage, and Nira (Chinese chives), and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped into thinly-rolled dough skins. In essence, gyōza are a cross between pierogi and egg rolls.

 

Gyōza can be found in supermarkets and restaurants throughout Japan. Pan-fried Gyōza are sold as a side dish in almost all ramen and Chinese restaurants.

 

The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called Yaki-gyōza (焼き餃子), in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the gyōza is steamed. Other popular methods include boiled Sui-gyōza (水餃子) and deep fried Age-gyōza (揚げ餃子).

 

Store bought frozen dumplings are often prepared at home by first placing them in a pot of water which is brought to a boil, and then transferring them to a pan with oil to fry the skin.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozi

Photographed near Hallplatz.

 

"Nuremberg (/ˈnjʊərəmbɜːrɡ/ NURE-əm-burg; German: Nürnberg [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch [ˈnɛmbɛrç]) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 545,000 inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.

 

Nuremberg sits on the Pegnitz, which carries the name Regnitz from its confluence with the Rednitz in Fürth onwards (Pegnitz→ Regnitz→ Main→ Rhine→ North Sea), and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, that connects the North Sea to the Black Sea. Lying in the Bavarian administrative region of Middle Franconia, it is the largest city and unofficial capital of the entire cultural region of Franconia. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Reichswald, a large forest, and in the north lies Knoblauchsland (garlic land), an extensive vegetable growing area and cultural landscape.

 

The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of Fürth, Erlangen and Schwabach, which is the heart of an urban area region with around 1.4 million inhabitants, while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has a population of approximately 3.6 million. It is the largest city in the East Franconian dialect area (colloquially: "Franconian"; German: Fränkisch).

 

Nuremberg and Fürth were once connected by the Bavarian Ludwig Railway, the first steam-hauled and overall second railway opened in Germany (1835). Today, the U1 of the Nuremberg Subway, which is the first German subway with driverless, automatically moving railcars, runs along this route. Nuremberg Airport (Flughafen Nürnberg "Albrecht Dürer") is the second-busiest airport in Bavaria after Munich Airport, and the tenth-busiest airport of the country.

 

Institutions of higher education in Nuremberg include the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), Germany's 11th-largest university, with campuses in Erlangen and Nuremberg and a university hospital in Erlangen (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen), Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm and Hochschule für Musik Nürnberg. The Nuremberg exhibition centre (Messe Nürnberg) is one of the biggest convention center companies in Germany and operates worldwide.

 

Nuremberg Castle and the city's walls, with their many towers, are among the most impressive in Europe. Staatstheater Nürnberg is one of the five Bavarian state theatres, showing operas, operettas, musicals, and ballets (main venue: Nuremberg Opera House), plays (main venue: Schauspielhaus Nürnberg), as well as concerts (main venue: Meistersingerhalle). Its orchestra, the Staatsphilharmonie Nürnberg, is Bavaria's second-largest opera orchestra after the Bavarian State Opera's Bavarian State Orchestra in Munich. Nuremberg is the birthplace of Albrecht Dürer and Johann Pachelbel. 1. FC Nürnberg is the most famous football club of the city and one of the most successful football clubs in Germany. Nuremberg was one of the host cities of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

 

Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).

 

Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.

 

Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.

 

Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.

 

The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.

 

Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.

 

Now on Instagram.

 

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon or donate.

Of course the Menorcans have to speak some lingo that only Menorcans speak.

The Orkney Dictionary wis set furth bi The Orkney Language & Culture Group (Kirkwal) in 1996. (ISBN 0 9529324 0 7).

 

This dictionar gies the by-leid, or dialect, as spoken in the Orkney Isles.

Photie bi Dr Dauvit Horsbroch.

This Chinese Opera is performed in the Teochew - another Chinese dialect found in the Southern part of China.

Este queso debe su nombre al diminutivo de la palabra cabra en el dialecto poitevin del Alto Loira. Es un queso pequeño, en forma de tambor que alcanza su mejor punto en verano y principios de otoño. La versión con DOP se elabora artesanalmente en las granjas de Poitou con leche cruda, pero es escaso incluso en Francia. No obstante, las versiones con leche pasteurizada elaboradas en queserías son correctas y más fáciles de encontrar. La etiqueta indica Chabichou, sin "du Poitou", y la denominación -laitier. Otras se conocen con el nombre de Chabrichou, Chabi o Cabrichiu.. Todas las versiones poseen una corteza natural de color beige que en algunos casos presenta algunas motas azules con la maduración. La pasta blanca es firme y correosa cuando el queso es joven, pero al madurar adquiere una textura húmeda, casi para untar. El sabor evoluciona de suave y dulce a un toque más almendrado y sazonado. Todos presentan aroma " a cabra".

En dialecto Cumanagoto “Chakau” significa “Arena”, y hace referencia al suelo del fértil valle que era dominado por el cacique.

Chacao tiene como punto de partida la vida del cacique Chacao: valiente jefe indígena de origen Caribe, temido y respetado por los conquistadores españoles, que controlaba amplias zonas del centro y este de lo que hoy conocemos como el valle de Caracas.

Según cuenta la tradición, Chacao entregó su vida durante un ataque a un campamento de soldados españoles, al rescatar a dos niños indígenas que fueron secuestrados por los conquistadores para provocar la confrontación con el jefe indígena. Durante la batalla, Chacao logra liberar a los pequeños pero cae herido de muerte, acabando así con el último bastión de resistencia indígena en Caracas.

Al fundar la ciudad de Caracas, el 25 de julio de 1567, el conquistador Diego de Losada incluyó en su jurisdicción a esa fértil llanura, que muchos visitantes, como el barón Alejandro Von Humboldt, llegaron a considerar como sitio ideal para la conformación de una ciudad.

El primer asentamiento criollo en la zona se fundó casi un siglo después, debido a la inmigración de damnificados del terremoto de San Bernabé, que dejó a Caracas en ruinas el 11 de junio de 1641.

Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Municipal del 15 de junio de 1989, la figura del Distrito Sucre desaparece, naciendo el Municipio Sucre actual, el cual es desmembrado de su parte occidental, creándose así tres nuevos municipios foráneos: Baruta, El Hatillo y Chacao.

Newcastle Road, Sunderland

Photo by Mike Pearce

 

VN

Vρ = 50%

Decile 1

 

Mobile shop name

 

Bait

Bill Griffiths’ Dictionary of North East Dialect defines bait (sometimes spelled 'bate') as ‘a portable meal’ (2011:6). This seems to be how the word is being used on the side of a mobile food stall in Sunderland.

 

In modern Standard English the word is used to describe food used to lure prey, particularly in the context of fishing. Its origins lie in the Old English noun bát – ‘what can be bitten’ (i.e. ‘food’), which derives from the past tense of bítan (‘bite’). Cognate with bát are the Old Norse nouns beit ('pasturage') and beita ('food'). The link with animal feed is significant, since – as the Oxford English Dictionary records – historical evidence suggests that bait is often used to describe food for domestic animals, particularly horses.

 

What is now generally regarded as the North East sense of bait once had a wider geographical spread. Joseph Wright, in Volume 1 of the English Dialect Dictionary (1898) defines bait as a ‘workman or labourer's meal in the middle of the day’ and cites evidence for its occurrence in this sense in locations as far apart as Northumberland and Sussex.

 

Interestingly, nineteenth-century lexicographical sources record bait- occurring in a number of compounds: Wright gives bait-bag, bait-house, bait-irons, bait-poke, and bait-time. To this list we can now add -box.

  

References

 

Griffiths, B. 2011. A Dictionary of North East Dialect (3rd edition). Alnwick: Northumbria Press.

Wright, J. 1898. The English Dialect Dictionary, Vol. I. Oxford: Henry Frowde.

Oxford English Dictionary Online.

The indigenous Kaqchikel people here, in central Guatemala, speak the Kaqchikel (Kachiquel) dialect.

 

IMG_8474 R2

 

En dialecto Cumanagoto “Chakau” significa “Arena”, y hace referencia al suelo del fértil valle que era dominado por el cacique.

Chacao tiene como punto de partida la vida del cacique Chacao: valiente jefe indígena de origen Caribe, temido y respetado por los conquistadores españoles, que controlaba amplias zonas del centro y este de lo que hoy conocemos como el valle de Caracas.

Según cuenta la tradición, Chacao entregó su vida durante un ataque a un campamento de soldados españoles, al rescatar a dos niños indígenas que fueron secuestrados por los conquistadores para provocar la confrontación con el jefe indígena. Durante la batalla, Chacao logra liberar a los pequeños pero cae herido de muerte, acabando así con el último bastión de resistencia indígena en Caracas.

Al fundar la ciudad de Caracas, el 25 de julio de 1567, el conquistador Diego de Losada incluyó en su jurisdicción a esa fértil llanura, que muchos visitantes, como el barón Alejandro Von Humboldt, llegaron a considerar como sitio ideal para la conformación de una ciudad.

El primer asentamiento criollo en la zona se fundó casi un siglo después, debido a la inmigración de damnificados del terremoto de San Bernabé, que dejó a Caracas en ruinas el 11 de junio de 1641.

Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Municipal del 15 de junio de 1989, la figura del Distrito Sucre desaparece, naciendo el Municipio Sucre actual, el cual es desmembrado de su parte occidental, creándose así tres nuevos municipios foráneos: Baruta, El Hatillo y Chacao.

The Japanese word Gyōza (ギョーザ, ギョウザ) was derived from the reading of 餃子 in the Shandong Chinese dialect (giaozi) and is written using the same Chinese characters.

 

The most prominent differences of Japanese-style gyōza from Chinese style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and the fact that Japanese gyōza are very lightly flavored with salt, soy, and that the gyōza wrappers are much thinner. They are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or Rāyu (known as chili oil in English, làyóu (辣油) in China). The most common recipe found is a mixture of minced pork, cabbage, and Nira (Chinese chives), and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped into thinly-rolled dough skins. In essence, gyōza are a cross between pierogi and egg rolls.

 

Gyōza can be found in supermarkets and restaurants throughout Japan. Pan-fried Gyōza are sold as a side dish in almost all ramen and Chinese restaurants.

 

The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called Yaki-gyōza (焼き餃子), in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the gyōza is steamed. Other popular methods include boiled Sui-gyōza (水餃子) and deep fried Age-gyōza (揚げ餃子).

 

Store bought frozen dumplings are often prepared at home by first placing them in a pot of water which is brought to a boil, and then transferring them to a pan with oil to fry the skin.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozi

Dumenza ( Duménsa in Varese dialect ) is an Italian municipality of 1,438 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy .

 

It is made up of the hamlets of Runo , Due Cossani , Stivigliano, Trezzino, Vignone and Torbera and other various localities.

 

Physical geography

The territory is crossed by the Rio Colmegnino , which originates in the locality of Regordallo ( Due Cossani ) from Mount Colmegnino and flows into Lake Maggiore at the level of the Colmegna di Luino hamlet . However, the valley dug in this way takes the name of Val Dumentina (also called Valle Smeralda due to its green colours). To the north of Colmegnino stands Monte Lema , which with its 1624 meters above sea level is an excellent panoramic peak, the highest in the Luinese area, served by a cable car on the Swiss side , from Miglieglia . In fact, Dumenza borders Switzerland and hosts a pedestrian crossing in Palone (Dumenza). To the north, however, it borders Val Veddasca , which can be accessed by continuing along provincial road 6.

 

Origins of the name

Various theories justify the toponym . The most probable is that it derives from a person's name: in the lists of "fires" (i.e. families) of the municipality, the name Dugmentio appears among some heads of families . It could derive from dux mensae or from loco mensa . In fact, only in one historical document, from another municipality, does it appear as Locomenza .

 

History

Two stone brackets decorated with human faces, found by the parish priest Parapini in the church, date back to 909. They are now found at the base of the tower. But these districts are already mentioned in an 18th century document which testifies how King Liutprand donated the lands of Valtravaglia to the monastery of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro in Pavia .

 

The bell tower of the church of San Giorgio , in Runo , seems to have had a military role in the period preceding the year one thousand , during the various barbarian invasions : the road, in fact, which led from Varese to Luino and then to Dumenza, was the only one that accessed Bellinzona , as the long lake did not exist. It was probably part of a system of towers along these valleys, of which Runo's is the only one surviving.

 

From the 16th century it was under the lordship of the rich and powerful Moriggia family .

 

In the Napoleonic era the municipality annexed Runo for the first time . The first city council was elected in 1821 . In 1928 fascism gave the municipality its current extension by incorporating Due Cossani and Runo.

 

Monuments and places of interest

The church of San Nazario.

The church of the Immaculate Conception (of the former institute of the Ursuline nuns).

The church of San Giorgio in Runo

The historic center of Dumenza is characterized by rural houses with large sunny balconies.

 

Stivigliano maintains its medieval conformation intact, with narrow streets and houses close together. An old turret [6] is visible overlooking the Val Dumentina, evidently for military purposes.

Luino ( Lüìn in Varese dialect ), called Luvino until 1889, is an Italian municipality of 14,185 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy . The city, which overlooks the eastern shore of Lake Maggiore or Verbano, also nicknamed "Costa Fiorita", is best known for hosting a well-known market every Wednesday, which involves the entire city center and is a tourist attraction.

 

It is an important center for tourism and the economy of the upper Varese area. It borders Switzerland to the east , via the Fornasette pass.

 

Physical geography

Territory

The territory of the municipality is approximately 220 meters above sea level . It is about 23 km from Varese , the capital of the province of the same name to which the municipality belongs.

 

Climate

The climate of Luino, like that of the entire northern basin of Lake Maggiore , is extremely rainy. The average annual rainfall is between 1800 and 2500 mm in the municipal area. These precipitation values ​​are approximately double those recorded in the city of Milan and triple the averages of the other locations in the Po Valley . Solar radiation is one of the lowest in Italy, with an average of just 4736 MJ/m 2 .

 

History

Formerly an ancient medieval village of Roman origin, (3rd century necropolises have been found where the railway station is now located, which in the past had great importance: before the birth of the Como-Chiasso axis, it was, in fact, an obligatory passage for the Gotthard ). Luino is mentioned for the first time in official documentation dating back to 1169 with the name of Luvino , which derives from the proper name Luvinum and remained until the royal decree of 27 January 1889, No. 5932, made the current name official .

 

It is a town located a few kilometers from the Swiss border, on the pre-Alpine slopes surrounding Lake Maggiore . Ernest Hemingway writes in A Farewell to Arms :

«I saw a wedge-shaped gap in the mountains on the other bank and thought it must be Luino»

 

During the Middle Ages it was the subject of contention between powerful Milanese and Como families, yet still managed to defend its freedom and municipal autonomy. It was occupied in 1512 by the Swiss, but was then reconquered again by the Sforza in 1515. Charles V assigned it the market right in 1541 , alternating with that of Maccagno which until then had enjoyed exclusivity; the concession was confirmed in 1786 and saw Luino winning over Laveno who aspired to obtain the same prerogative. The market is currently held, and has been for many years, on Wednesday of each week. In 1821 the City Council was elected for the first time .

 

In 1848 the Piedmontese patriots landed here to make the town rise up against foreign occupation and Garibaldi fought against the Austrians in Luina. In 1867, the city dedicated its first Italian monument to the Nice general, when he was, among other things, still alive.

 

In 1882 the international railway line was inaugurated which connected Luino to Bellinzona , capital of the Canton of Ticino . The local station therefore became an international transit point, especially for goods coming down from Central Europe , through the San Gottardo railway tunnel , to head to the port of Genoa . The improvement of connections (although never fully implemented in the face of the many projects formulated) promoted, in the second half of the nineteenth century, a lively and prolific industrialization in the Luinese area.

 

Symbols

The coat of arms and the banner were granted by decree of the President of the Republic of 27 April 1970.

 

«D'azzurro, at the silver castle , on a green terrace, crenellated in the Guelph style, damaged by a swan also in silver, closed in black, towered with two windowed pieces of the field: all lowered to a gold cape , loaded with a black eagle, crowned with the same. Exterior ornaments from the city.

 

Flag

«Two stripes, one light blue, the other gold: the latter up for auction.

 

Monuments and places of interest

Religious architecture

Provost Church of St. Peter and Paul

Church of St. Peter

Church of San Giuseppe , there is a late Baroque organ from 1683, which underwent restoration by Vincenzo Mascioni and sons in the early twentieth century.

Sanctuary of the Madonna del Carmine , there is an organ from 1857 by Francesco Camisi, in neoclassical style

Church of Santa Caterina (in Colmegna)

Church of Santa Maria Assunta (in Voldomino)

Church of San Biagio (in Voldomino)

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes (in Creva)

Church of S. Maria Immacolata Motte

BVA Addolorata Church Pianazzo

BVCarmelo Longhirolo Church

BVRosario Church Roggiolo

Other places of interest

Palazzo Verbania , an Art Nouveau building from the early 1900s overlooking the lake, recently reopened after a few years of restoration.

Palazzo Crivelli Serbelloni, seat of the town hall, built in 1775 by the architect Carlo Felice Soave , remained unfinished.

Villa Hussy

Statue of Garibaldi, the work of the sculptor Alessandro Puttinati : in addition to being the first to have been dedicated to him in Italy, it was erected in 1867 when the hero of two worlds was still alive.

In Luino there is the 3V nature trail.

 

Foreign ethnic groups and minorities

According to ISTAT data as of 31 December 2010, the resident foreign population was 1,039 people.

The most represented nationalities based on their percentage of the total resident population were:

 

Morocco 179 - 17.23%

Albania 124 - 11.93%

Romania 102 - 9.82%

Switzerland 85 - 8.18%

Germany 84 - 8.08%

Ukraine 75 - 7.22%

 

Culture

Education

" Vittorio Sereni " Scientific High School in Luino

ISIS City of Luino "Carlo Volontè"

Bernardino Luini State Comprehensive Institute, lower secondary school

Maria Ausiliatrice Parochial Institute, nursery, nursery school, primary school, lower secondary school

Museums

Verbano Railway Museum

Palazzo Verbania, home to temporary exhibitions and archives dedicated to Piero Chiara and Vittorio Sereni .

Luino is an archaeological area. In fact, finds from the Bronze Age have been found here.

 

Cinema

Luino is the city where Alberto Lattuada filmed Come and have coffee... with us , and Marco Vicario filmed some scenes from The Astrakhan Coat , films based on two novels by Piero Chiara , a writer born in Luino.

In the summer of 2013 Luino was the main location of the film Il pretore directed by Giulio Base. The cast includes Francesco Pannofino , Sarah Maestri (from Luina), Eliana Miglio (also from Luino), Mattia Zaccaro Garau , Max Cavallari and Debora Caprioglio . The magistrate's office, in particular, was set up in the Town Hall. A peculiarity of the film was the massive involvement of the citizens: many people from Luino were in fact recruited as extras in the film released in 2014. The first screening of the film was made in Rome on 2 April 2014 while the following day the film was screened for first time at the Cinema Sociale of Luino with the presence of the cast and director.

 

Cross-border

The proximity to the Italian-Swiss border means that Luino is strongly affected by cross-border travel, that is, by the presence of Italian workers who travel to Switzerland every day for work.

 

Industry

Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, Luino was a highly industrialized city, especially in the textile sector, facilitated by the great availability of water. There were many entrepreneurs, both Italian and Swiss, who chose to found factories and factories in the Luino area.

 

Towards the end of the 20th century the industry entered a crisis: the industrial areas were mostly abandoned and their redevelopment process began in the third millennium.

 

Finance

The industrial success was also at the basis of the birth, in 1883 , of the Banca Popolare di Luino (which became Banca Popolare di Luino e di Varese in 1941 ), which became one of the most powerful and branched credit institutions in north-western Lombardy. "La Luino", as it was also known, was taken over by Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria in 1996 and in 2003 it ceased to exist as an autonomous entity; the sign definitively disappeared in 2007 to make room for UBI Banca .

 

Services

As regards the sector of public and private services, Luino is the main point of reference for the surrounding valleys (station, banks, hospital, municipality, revenue agency, etc.)

 

Tourism

The lakeside location makes Luino a popular tourist destination, with particularly strong flows from Switzerland and the German-speaking area in general. Given the limited capacity of accommodation facilities, tourism is essentially entrusted to the spontaneous market of second homes.

 

Infrastructure and transport

Roads

The main road routes of Luino are the state road 394 of Verbano Orientale , the state road 344 towards Porto Ceresio-Luino and the provincial road 69 of Santa Caterina.

 

Railways

The Luino station , located on the Novara–Pino line , functions as a border stop between Italy and Switzerland : on its grounds the voltage change of the overhead contact line takes place (from the Italian 3 kV DC to the Swiss 15 kV AC) and is equipped with customs offices . Regional connections operated by Trenord operate there as part of the service contract stipulated with the Lombardy Region , as well as international suburban trains operated by TILO on Italian-Swiss routes.

 

The Colmegna station also falls within the municipal territory , serving the hamlet of the same name .

 

In the past Luino represented the northwestern terminus of the narrow gauge railways for Ponte Tresa and Varese , which stopped at the stations of Luino Lago , located near the pier, and Luino Scalo .

 

Lake transport

The Luino pier connects many locations with boats from the Navigazione Lago Maggiore company, including on the Piedmont side of Lake Maggiore. Direct connections are more frequent in the period March-October, and lead to the towns of Cannero Riviera , Cannobio , Locarno and Stresa .

 

Urban mobility

The city has a system of urban, interurban and international buses with neighboring Switzerland. Urban and interurban bus services are managed by the company Autolinee Varesine Srl on behalf of the CTPI (Consorzio Trasporti Pubblici dell'Insubria)

 

Administration

Luino obtained the title of city in 1969, following a decree from the President of the Republic. From 1928 to 1948, Germignaga was also part of the territory of the municipality, following the municipal territorial restructuring carried out in the fascist period , as already in the Napoleonic era from 1809 to 1815. In 1955 Luino absorbed the hamlet of Colmegna (which in the eighteenth century constituted the municipality of Colmegna with Casneda) from the municipality of Maccagno and in 1928 the autonomous municipalities of Brezzo di Bedero (which later regained its autonomy) and Voldomino (already annexed in the Napoleonic era). As regards the political orientation of the municipal administration, in the so-called First Italian Republic Luino was essentially governed by centrist councils [14] , whose last exponent was the liberal Pietro Astini, in office between 1993 and 1995 and subsequently lapsed of the resignation of the majority of municipal councilors. The so-called Second Republic , which de facto began with the 1996 elections , saw various civic lists alternate in the municipality, more or less all characterized by rather clear links with political parties: a mandate with a centre-left council was followed in 2000 by the beginning of the hegemony of the centre-right , with the mayors Gianercole Mentasti and Andrea Pellicini re-elected for two consecutive terms each [15] . The center-left then managed to regain the municipality in 2020 , when Enrico Bianchi's civic list overtook the candidates of the outgoing administration, who overall had the majority in the vote count, but were penalized for having presented themselves (following internal struggles) divided into two formations

 

Twinning

Flag of France Sanary-sur-Mer , since 2001

Other administrative information

The municipality is the seat of the Valli del Verbano mountain community (previously it was the seat of the Valli del Luinese mountain community) and is part of the Regio Insubrica working community, a cross-border cooperation body that federates some provinces of Lombardy and Piedmont and the Swiss Canton of Ticino .

 

Sports

Pallacanestro Virtus Luino represents the city in basketball, participating in the regional Serie C Silver championship .

 

The Luino football club , which played some third series seasons, is based in the municipality.

 

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the slideshow

  

Qi Bo's photos on Fluidr

  

Qi Bo's photos on Flickriver

  

Qi Bo's photos on FlickeFlu

  

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From 19 to 21 August 2016 in the Sicilian town of Ali, there was the so-called "Great Feast" ("Festa Ranni" in Sicilian dialect) in honor of their patron Saint Agatha.

 

The feast, which lasts three days, it is called "Feast Ranni" (Great Feast) to emphasize the exceptional nature of the event, since it falls only once every ten years. Preparations officially begin early as a month before and are involved both the "ciliary" (ie families entrusted from time to time, which shall prepare at their own expense at the solemn celebration for Her Patron Saint), both the "Deputation of St. Agatha" collaborating with the parish priest, plays a role during the organizational phase.

 

The passage of the Holy Relics of the Martyr Agatha in the village of Ali (Messina) in their return to Catania, on the morning of August 17 of the year 1126, it was for this Sicilian center an extraordinary and grandiose event, that led to the building of the great Mother Church , which took place in the sixteenth century; then the celebration of the annual festival but especially the so-called "Great Feast", which recalls the three-day feasts taking place in the city of Catania.

  

We don't known the origins of this ancient feast, whose complex ritual was entrusted, almost to the present day only to the oral tradition; Father Seraphim of Ali (junior) speaks in 1754, in his book "Of story of Ali and his territory".

Long and laborious preparations are assigned to two groups each formed by twelve families belonging to two different districts of the country, they receive instructions to draw up each other's "Ciliium of Bread" and the other the "Cilium of Girls". These families are appointed by the Deputation of St. Agatha (Advisory body that exercises within the Church Mother, economic and organizational functions) and by the parish priest.

The names of the families of "ciliary", as they are called, are made known by the parish priest, after the morning Mass of the 5 February of the current year.

  

Traditionally the families of "Ciliium of Girls" traveling in neighboring countries (Fiumedinisi, Itala and Ali Terme) with the sound of the accordion and tambourine, to communicate the imminent date of the festivities and take offerings and gold jewelry in part borrowed, in part donated, to adorn the "Cilium of Girls".

Liturgical events are intertwined with the traditional folk feast. The Feast attracts many faithful and many emigrants who, for the occasion, return to their native village of Ali. The last day of celebration the two Ciliums and the float of St. Agatha are carried in procession through the city.

 

Postscript: This report is dedicated to the German family of Jewish origin, consisting of father, mother and two children, on a boat they decided to take his own life to escape their Nazi persecutors, by binding them all together, and weighted with stones, they threw themselves off the waters of Mazzaro (Taormina); they were later fished out by now without life, by local fishermen: in the "graveyard of foreigners" of Taormina, now for ever and ever close together, they rest in peace.

  

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Dal 19 al 21 Agosto 2016 nel paese Siciliano di Alì (Messina) si è svolta una caratteristica festa, della quale propongo un report fotografico.

 

La Festa , durata infatti tre giorni, è denominata "Festa Ranni" (Festa Grande) per porre in risalto l'eccezionalità del fenomeno e la grandiosità dell’evento, poiché essa ricade una sola volta ogni dieci anni. I preparativi iniziano ufficialmente già un mese prima e vedono coinvolti sia i “ciliari” (cioè le famiglie incaricate di volta in volta e scelte a rotazione, che provvedono a preparare a proprie spese la festa solenne per la Santa Patrona, con l’allestimento dei due “cilii” ovvero le due “vare” anche intese come “cerei”), sia la “Deputazione di S. Agata” che collaborando con il Parroco, svolge un ruolo durante la fase organizzativa.

 

Il passaggio delle Sacre Reliquie della Martire catanese dal paese di Ali (Messina) nel rientro loro verso Catania, la mattina del 17 agosto dell’anno 1126 , fu per questo centro Siciliano un evento straordinario e grandioso, che portarono alla edificazione della grande Chiesa Madre, avvenuta nel XVI secolo, quindi alla celebrazione della festa annuale ma soprattutto della così detta “Festa Ranni”, che ricorda i tre giorni di festa che avvengono nella città di Catania.

  

Oscure sono le origini e le antiche modalità di svolgimento di questa festa, il cui complesso rituale è stato affidato, fin quasi ai nostri giorni esclusivamente alla tradizione orale, Padre Serafino d’Alì (junior) ne parla nel 1754, nel suo libro “Della storia di Alì e suo territoro”.

Lunghi e laboriosi sono i preparativi affidati a due gruppi formati ciascuno da dodici famiglie appartenenti a due diversi quartieri del paese, che ricevono l’incarico di allestire l'uno il "Cilio del Pane" e l'altro il "Cilio delle Ragazze". Queste famiglie vengono nominate dalla Deputazione di S. Agata (Organo consultivo che esercita all’interno della Chiesa Madre, funzioni economico-organizzative) e dal Parroco, e la loro scelta segue una rotazione tale che nel corso degli anni nessun nucleo familiare, e di conseguenza nessun quartiere, ne rimane escluso.

 

I nomi dei "Ciliari", così vengono denominati, vengono resi noti dal Parroco, al termine della messa mattutina del 5 Febbraio dell’anno prestabilito per la Festa.

 

Come già detto sopra, ogni gruppo provvede autonomamente ad allestire l'uno il "Cilio del Pane" l'altro il "Cilio delle Ragazze".

  

Per tradizione le 12 famiglie di “ciliari delle ragazze”, anche loro sempre accompagnate da un nutrito gruppo (soprattutto giovani), si recano nei paesi vicini (Fiumedinisi, Itala e Alì Terme) a suon di fisarmonica e tamburello, per comunicare l’imminente data dei festeggiamenti e per raccogliere offerte e monili d’oro in parte in prestito, in parte ceduti, per adornare il “cilio delle ragazze”.

Le manifestazioni liturgiche si intrecciano con quelle folkloristiche; la festa richiama numerosi fedeli e parecchi emigrati che, per l’occasione, fanno ritorno al paese natio di Alì. L’ultimo giorno di festa i due cilii ed il fercolo di S. Agata vengono portati in processione lungo le vie cittadine.

Post scriptum: questo report lo dedico alla famiglia tedesca di origine ebrea, composta da padre, madre e da due bambini, che su di una barca decise di togliersi la vita per sfuggire ai loro persecutori nazisti, essi legandosi tutti tra di loro, ed appesantiti con pietre, si gettarono al largo delle acque di Mazzarò (Taormina); essi vennero poi ripescati, oramai senza vita, dai pescatori locali: nel “cimitero degli stranieri” di Taormina riposano le loro spoglie mortali.

  

Schweighouse-sur-Moder (en allemand Schweighausen, prononcé en dialecte local "Schweighüse") est une commune française, située dans le département du Bas-Rhin et la région Alsace. Avant le 8 septembre 1949, la commune se nommait officiellement Schweighausen. Le 5 mars 1949, son conseil municipal ayant décrété que ce nom sonnait "trop allemand", pris la résolution de changer la dénomination du village en "Schweighouse-sur-Moder". Outre la question de la sonorité allemande, une raison invoquée fut reliée à un projet de création d'un grand cimetière national français sur le territoire de la commune, et au fait que l'orthographe "Schweighausen" aurait pu poser des problèmes aux visiteurs de l'intérieur, en raison de la présence d'une commune homonyme en Haute-Alsace. Néanmoins, ce projet de cimetière tomba aux oubliettes, et le nom resta comme il est aujourd'hui.

 

Le nom peut être décomposé en deux termes allemands : "Schweige ", à savoir "bétail" et "Haus ", à savoir "maison, demeure". En moyen haut-allemand, le pluriel en est "Husen " tandis que, en allemand contemporain, cela donne plutôt "Hausen ". On retrouve les différentes formes en Alsace, en plus des formes ayant résulté des différents processus de francisation : "House " ou "Hause ". Orthographié "Schweighouse" ou "Schweighausen", le nom du village peut se traduire par "maisons au bétail" (au pluriel).

 

Le village a un homonyme dans le Haut-Rhin : Schweighouse-Thann.

 

Les armes de Schweighouse-sur-Moder se blasonnent ainsi : « de sinople à la tour crénelée d'or maçonnée de sable ».

 

Source wikipedia

best_of_2024, Brat

 

The Wire, Rob Barnes, Bandcamp Daily, Louder Than War, BrooklynVegan, Gorilla vs. Bear, A.V. Club, Consequence, Vulture, Pitchfork, Resident Advisor, The Forty-Five, MOJO, Rolling Stone, The Independent, Paste, Exclaim!, BBC Radio 6 Music, Loud and Quiet, The New Yorker, NPR, Uncut, The Quietus, Stereogum... здесь основные MSM списки (in progress)

 

www.flickr.com/photos/deepskyobject/54180822209

 

интересует в основном топ The Wire (+ тематические списки других изданий), да и в целом любопытно взглянуть спустя год, что же котировалось в mainstream media

 

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deepskyobject (Top-20 of 2024 to RED)

 

1. Left at Orion - Radiowaves (2024)

2. Trentemøller - Dreamweaver (2024)

3. Инна Пиварс и Гистрионы - Песни града Китежа (2024)

4. Whirr - Raw Blue (2024)

5. Julie - My Anti-Aircraft Friend (2024)

6. Хадн Дадн - Поцелуйчик солнышка (2024)

7. Vylet Pony - Monarch of Monsters (2024)

8. TTSSFU - Me, Jed and Andy (2024)

9. конъюнктура - керамика (2024)

10. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World (2024)

11. Softcult - Heaven (2024)

12. Mo Dotti - Opaque (2024)

13. Dog silent - Voices in My Head (2024)

14. Clinic Stars - Only Hinting (2024)

15. Sestrica - Memory Lane (2024)

16. Kali Malone - All Life Long (2024)

17. LAAVU - Escape (2024)

18. NewDad - MADRA (2024)

19. Wisp - Pandora (2024)

20. Kim Gordon - The Collective (2024)

 

honorable mentions:

Broadcast - Spell Blanket - Collected Demos 2006 - 2009 (2024)

Broadcast - Distant Call - Collected Demos 2000 - 2006 (2024)

 

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The Wire: Top 50 Albums of 2024

 

50. claire rousay - Sentiment [bedroom pop]

49. Eiko Ishibashi - Evil Does Not Exist [experimental]

48. Robin Mackay - By The North Sea [radio play]

47. Clarissa Connelly - World of Work [progressive folk]

46. Yatta - Palm Wine [glitch pop, hypnagogic pop]

45. The Necks - Bleed [ambient, avant-garde jazz]

44. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven [indie rock]

43. Neil Luck - Radio Archive (2014-2023) [spoken word]

42. KRM & KMRU - Disconnect [dark ambient]

41. Sarah Hennies - Motor Tapes [modern classical]

40. Trigger Object - Ghost Bros OST [noise, electro-industrial]

39. Rhodri Davies - Telyn Wrachïod [free improvisation]

38. Tony Conrad, Jennifer Walshe - In the Merry Month of May [experimental]

37. Frederic D. Oberland, Grégory Dargent, Tony Elieh, Wassim Halal - SIHR [avant-folk]

36. Judas Priest - Invincible Shield [heavy metal]

35. Kendrick Lamar - Not Like Us [west coast hip hop]

34. Laurie Anderson - Amelia [spoken word, modern classical]

33. Milton Nascimento and Esperanza Spalding - Milton + Esperanza [chamber jazz]

32. Sisso & Maiko [Tanzania] - Singeli Ya Maajabu [singeli]

31. Nídia & Valentina - Estradas [batida, electroacoustic]

30. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes [jazz pop]

29. Charli XCX - Brat [electropop]

28. The Bug - Machines I​--V [ambient dub]

27. Karl D'Silva - Love Is a Flame In the Dark [indie pop]

26. Fatboi Sharif & Roper Williams - Something About Shirley [abstract hip hop]

25. Richie Culver - Scream If You Don't Exist [glitch, dark ambient]

24. Kali Malone - All Life Long [minimalism, drone]

23. Able Noise - High Tide [experimental rock]

22. Fay Victor & Herbie Nichols SUNG - Life Is Funny That Way [vocal jazz]

21. Mary Timony [Ex Hex, Helium] - Untame the Tiger [indie rock]

20. Cappo - S.T.A.R.V.E [UK hip hop]

19. Pat Thomas - The Solar Model of Ibn Al-Shatir [free improvisation]

18. Dialect - Atlas of Green [progressive electronic]

17. Shellac - To All Trains [noise rock]

16. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere [progressive death]

15. Water Damage - In E [drone]

14. Ka - The Thief Next to Jesus [abstract hip hop]

13. Toshiya Tsunoda/Taku Unami - Wovenland 3 [musique concrète]

12. The Body & Dis Fig - Orchards of a Futile Heaven [post-industrial]

11. Dhangsha - Broadcast Signal Intrusion [industrial, noise]

10. Beings - There Is a Garden [free jazz]

9. Caxtrinho - Queda Livre [psychedelic]

8. Kim Gordon - The Collective [noise rock]

7. Moin - You Never End [post-rock]

6. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee [hypnagogic pop]

5. Still House Plants - If I Don't Make It, I Love U [experimental rock]

4. Moor Mother - The Great Bailout [electroacoustic]

3. Elaine Mitchener - Solo Throat [experimental]

2. Rafael Toral - Spectral Evolution [ambient]

1. أحمد [Ahmed][UK] - Giant Beauty [free jazz]

 

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Rob Barnes @ Top 60 Shoegaze/Dreampop albums of 2024

 

01. Newmoon - Temporary Light

02. Animal Ghosts - Swell

03. Mo Dotti - Opaque

04. Clinic Stars - Only Hinting

05. Whitelands - Night-Bound Eyes Are Blind to the Day

06. All Under Heaven - What Lies Ahead of Me

07. Punchlove - Channels

08. Ride - Interplay

09. Softcult - Heaven

10. Magic Shoppe - Down the Wish Elm

11. Tombstone in Their Eyes - Asylum Harbour

12. Virgins - Nothing Hurt and Everything Was Beautiful

13. Starflyer 59 - Lust for Gold

14. DIIV - Frog in Boiling Water

15. Joyer - Night Songs

16. Abandoned Buildings - Eroding Light

17. Mondaze - Linger

18. Ammonia Wash - Fading on the Way Down

19. Left at Orion - Radiowaves

20. Indoor Voices - Past Present

21. Bloococoon - Bloococoon

22. Flu Flu - Furia

23. Blushing - Sugarcoat

24. Newdad - Madra

25. San Carol - Mada Vida

26. Julie - My Anti-Aircraft Friend

27. Air Formation - Air Formation

28. So Totally - Double Your Relaxation

29. Blurred City Lights - Overload

30. The Fauns - How Lost

31. Shower Curtain - Words From A Wishing Well

32. Healees - Coin De L’oeil

33. Keeley - Beautiful Mysterious

34. Brief Candles - Unfinished Nature

35. Future Nostalgia - Imaginary Conversations

36. Bright Like Stars - Reflections

37. Swirlpool - Distant Echoes

38. Burrrn - Without You

39. Somesurprises - Perseids

40. 93MillionMilesFromTheSun - Let Go

41. Tears Run Rings - Everything In The End

42. Trauma Ray - Chameleon

43. Yndling - Mood Booster

44. PURS - Dissipate

45. Sungaze - Sungaze

46. Gift - Illuminatior

47. Wishy - Triple Seven

48. Midwife - No Depression In Heaven

49. Torrey - Torrey

50. Aluminum - Fully Beat

51. Flavor Crystals - Gone Six

52. Fazerdaze - Soft Power

53. A Place To Bury Strangers - Synthesizer

54. Calliere - Float

55. Cold Gawd - I’ll Drown On This Earth

56. White Poppy - Ataraxia

57. Kodaclips - Gone Is The Day

58. Zzzaam - Shine

59. The Proctors - Snowdrops And Hot Air Balloons

60. Three Quarter Skies - Fade In

 

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Piero Zaccagnini - Best Albums of 2024

 

1. Tears Run Rings - Everything in the end

2. Air Formation - Air Formation

3. Ural Mountains - Dead oceans

4. 93millionmilesfromthesun - Let go

5. Anilore - Lia fail

6. New Moon - Temporary light

7. Hoо - III

8. Asteroid No4 - Several shapes of solar flares

9. Echodrone - The curvature of sound

10. Lightning Bug - No paradise

11. Trentemoller - Dreamweaver

12. Starflyer 59 - Lust for gold

13. The Fauns - How lost

14. Loom - Eternal aphelium

15. Oeil - Dream within a dream

16. Indoor Voices - Past present

17. Reverb On Repeat - Ycneo

18. Staring Problem - Equinox

19. Shalloboy - At the mercy of the cloud

20. Horsebeach - Things to keep alive

 

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Manfredi Lamartina (shoegazeblog, Italy)

 

1. Opinion - Horrible

2. Phantom Handshakes - Sirens at golden hour

3. Miners - A healthy future on Earth

4. Punchlove - Channels

5. Chiaroscuro - Chiaroscuro

6. So Totally - Double your relaxation

7. Bloody Knives - Drowning in light

8. Softcult - Heaven

9. Clinic Stars - Only hinting

10. Wishy - Triple seven

11. Fir Cone Children - Jig of glee

12. julie - My anti​-​aircraft friend

13. Magic Shoppe - Down the Wych Elm

14. swan•seas - Songs in the key of blue

15. Trentemøller - Dreamweaver

16. Burrrn - Without you

17. DIIV - Frog in boiling water

18. Mondaze - Linger

19. Blushing - Sugarcoat

20. The Fauns - How lost

 

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Greg Peters - Top 25 Shoegaze Albums for 2024

 

01. Mo Dotti - opaque (Los Angeles)

02. Mondaze - linger (Faenza, Italy)

03. Whitelands - Night​-​bound Eyes Are Blind To The Day (London)

04. Newmoon - Temporary Light (Antwerp, Belgium)

05. Sorry, Dave - Sink (Melbourne, AUS)

06. burrrn - blaze down his way like the space show (Tokyo)

07. abandoned buildings - Eroding Light (Bradford, UK)

08. Shades of Violette - Shades of Violette (Washington, D.C.)

09. Casino Garden - Transition (Wuppertal, Germany)

10. trauma ray - Chameleon (Fort Worth, Texas)

11. DIIV - Frog In Boiling Water (Brooklyn, New York)

12. Starflyer 59 - Lust For Gold (California)

13. Virgins - g l i s s (Belfast, UK)

14. Air Formation - Air Formation (Worthing, UK)

15. flu flu - Furia (Sevilla, Spain)

16. CASTLEBEAT - Stereo (California)

17. copperplate - subtle senses (Marietta, Georgia)

18. Healees - Coin de l'​œ​il (Paris, France)

19. julie - my anti​-​aircraft friend (Los Angeles)

20. sunshy - I don't care what comes next (Chicago)

21. Perpetual Void - Winter in Orbit (Glasgow, UK)

22. Meltway - Nothing Is Real (Denmark)

23. Belong - Realistic IX (New Orleans)

24. The Essential Ether - Ten Indie Essentials (Bergen, Norway)

25. Local Authority - Memory Loss (Brisbane, AUS)

 

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Bandcamp Daily's Essential Releases of 2024

 

Amaro Freitas - Y'Y [avant-garde jazz, post-minimalism]

Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere [progressive death metal]

Caribou - Honey [house, indietronica]

Caxtrinho - Queda Livre [psychedelic rock, vanguarda paulista]

Daudi Matsiko - The King Of Misery [indie folk]

Dummy - Free Energy [neo-psychedelia, noise pop]

E L U C I D - REVELATOR [abstract hip hop]

Helado Negro - PHASOR [indietronica, neo-psychedelia]

Iglooghost - Tidal Memory Exo [deconstructed club]

J.R.C.G. - Grim Iconic​.​.​.​(​Sadistic Mantra) [experimental rock, neo-psychedelia]

Julie Christmas - Ridiculous and Full Of Blood [post-metal, post-hardcore]

Kamasi Washington - Fearless Movement [spiritual jazz, jazz fusion]

La Luz - News of the Universe [neo-psychedelia, indie surf]

Machine Girl - MG Ultra [digital hardcore]

Nala Sinephro - Endlessness [jazz fusion, space ambient]

Nubya Garcia - ODYSSEY [third stream, spiritual jazz, jazz fusion]

Previous Industries - Service Merchandise [abstract hip hop]

Rafael Toral - Spectral Evolution [ambient, electroacoustic]

Kronos Quartet - Outer Spaceways Incorporated : Kronos Quartet & Friends Meet Sun Ra [third stream, modern classical, nu jazz]

Rosali - Bite Down [indie rock, folk rock]

SML - Small Medium Large [jazz fusion]

Tristwch Y Fenywod - Tristwch Y Fenywod [darkwave, avant-folk, neofolk]

 

—

 

Louder Than War's Top 100 Albums of 2024

 

100. Loose Articles - Scream If You Wanna Go Faster

99. Amelia Coburn - Between The Moon and The Milkman

98. Chris Bridgett - Speedboat On Chapel Street

97. Arab Strap - I'm totally fine with it don't give a fuck anymore

96. Wire Worms - The First To Come In

95. The March Afternoons - The March Afternoons Aren't Real

94. Poppycock - Magic Mothers

93. Sassyhiya - Take You Somewhere

92. The March Violets - Crocodile Promises

91. Amy Rigby - Hang in There with Me

90. Michael - Nite Salad

89. The Mystery Lights - Purgatory

88. Plastic Bag - Dead Kings Of Europe

87. Emissaries Of Syn - Past Prescient Future

86. Dan Guidance - Freedom Of Movement

85. Collision Course - Ländfill

84. Shabaka - Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace

83. Douglas Dare - Omni

82. Anja Huwe - Codes

81. Osees - SORCS 80

80. New Model Army - Unbroken

79. Horsemeat - Embrace The Abyss

78. David Lance Callahan - Down To The Marshes

77. The Decemberists - As It Ever Was, So It Will Be Again

76. Sarah Shook & The Disarmers - Revelations

75. Yard Act - Where's My Utopia?

74. Jozef Van Wissem - The Night Dwells In The Day

73. Humanist - On the Edge of a Lost and Lonely World

72. Keeley - Beautiful Mysterious

71. Emilíana Torrini - Miss Flower

70. Coded Marking - Coded Marking

69. The Battery Farm - Dark Web

68. The Peawees - One Ride

67. AMASS - Gameskeepers Gallows

66. The Baby Seals - Chaos

65. Fightmilk - No Souvenirs

64. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat

63. Bill Ryder-Jones - Iechyd Da

62. X - Smoke & Fiction

61. God Bullies - As Above, So Below

60. The Courettes - The Soul of... The Fabulous Courettes

59. Sarah Davachi - The Head as Form'd in the Crier's Choir

58. Peter Alexander Jobson - Burn The Ration Books Of Love

57. Goat - Goat

56. Coughin' Vicars - Cyrses & Prayers

55. Bugman - The Proto Push

54. Fat White Family - Forgiveness Is Yours

53. Gossip - Real Power

52. cumgirl8 - the 8th cumming

51. The WAEVE - City Lights

50. Objections - Optimistic Sizing

49. Snowgoose - Descendent

48. Stick in the Wheel - A Thousand Pokes

47. Retsu - Retsu

46. Oruã - PASSE

45. Moor Mother - The Great Bailout

44. KNEECAP - Fine Art

43. Kali Malone - All Life Long

42. Einstürzende Neubauten - Rampen: apm (alien pop music)

41. Godspeed You! Black Emperor - NO TITLE AS OF 13 FEBRUARY 2024 28,340 DEAD

40. Nubiyan Twist - Find Your Flame

39. Dearthworms - Sapsucker

38. Mary Timony - Untame the Tiger

37. ARXX - Good Boy

36. 86TVs - 86TVs

35. Jane Weaver - Love In Constant Spectacle

34. Small Black Arrows - The British Museum

33. BIG SPECIAL - POSTINDUSTRIAL HOMETOWN BLUES

32. Kim Gordon - The Collective

31. Chrystabell & David Lynch - Cellophane Memories

30. Fat Dog - WOOF.

29. The Jesus Lizard - Rack

28. The Last Dinner Party - Prelude to Ecstasy

27. St. Vincent - All Born Screaming

26. Tess Parks - Pomegranate

25. Charles Lloyd - The Sky Will Still Be There Tomorrow

24. YOBS - YOBS

23. Hifi Sean & David McAlmont - DAYLIGHT

22. The Jesus and Mary Chain - Glasgow Eyes

21. SOFT PLAY - HEAVY JELLY

20. John Cale - POPtical Illusion

19. Richard Hawley - In This City They Call You Love

18. Erotic Secrets Of Pompeii - Mondo Maleficum

17. HOUSE Of ALL - Continuum

16. James - Yummy

15. Nia Archives - Silence Is Loud

14. Dead Pioneers - Dead Pioneers

13. The Lovely Eggs - Eggsistentialism

12. DEADLETTER - Hysterical Strength

11. Pizzatramp - The Last Supper

10. The Smile - Wall of Eyes

9. Meryl Streek - Songs For The Deceased

8. Ultimate Thunder - A Spider Will Come to Eat Your Flesh

7. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas

6. Fontaines D.C. - Romance

5. IDLES - TANGK

4. Peter Perrett - The Cleansing

3. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds - Wild God

2. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

1. Amyl and The Sniffers - Cartoon Darkness

 

—

 

A.V. Club's 25 Best Albums of 2024

 

25. The Hard Quartet - The Hard Quartet

24. Rosali - Bite Down

23. Faye Webster - Underdressed at the Symphony

22. Maggie Rogers - Don't Forget Me

21. Empress Of - For Your Consideration

20. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT

19. Charley Crockett - $10 Cowboy

18. Redd Kross - Redd Kross

17. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice

16. Johnny Blue Skies - Passage du Desir

15. Friko - Where we've been, Where we go from here

14. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana

13. Kim Deal - Nobody Loves You More

12. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

11. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA

10. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER

9. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal

8. Jack White - No Name

7. Clairo - Charm

6. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch

5. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

4. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

3. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

2. Charli xcx - BRAT

1. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

 

—

 

Gorilla vs. Bear's Albums of 2024

 

40. Discovery Zone - Quantum Web

39. Gb - Gusse Music

38. Merely & Malibu - Essential Mixtape

37. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes

36. Erika de Casier - Still

35. Bullion - Affection

34. Man Rei - Doer

34. Man Rei - Thread

33. Caoilfhionn Rose - Constellation

32. Fergus Jones - Ephemera

31. Hemlock - 444

30. Loukeman - Sd-2

29. Merce Lemon - Watch Me Drive Them Dogs Wild

28. Laryssa Kim - Contezza

27. Dorothea Paas - Think Of Mist

26. Caroline Says - The Lucky One

25. Broadcast - Spell Blanket - Collected Demos - 2006-2009

25. Broadcast - Distant Call - Collected Demos 2000-2006

24. Burial - Dreamfear / Boy Sent From Above

23. Fabiana Palladino - Fabiana Palladino

22. Sam Morton - Daffodils & Dirt

21. Tyla - TYLA

20. F.G.S. - Tinker Bell's Cough

19. Nourished By Time - Catching Chickens

18. Astrid Sonne - Great Doubt

17. Hildegard - Jour 1596

16. Naemi - Dust Devil

15. Armand Hammer - BLK LBL

14. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

13. Jack J - Blue Desert

12. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor

11. Night Tapes - assisted memories

10. Joanne Robertson & Dean Blunt - Backstage Raver

9. Charli xcx - BRAT

8. Skee Mask - Resort

7. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk

6. Fine - Rocky Top Ballads

5. Mach-Hommy - RICHAXXHAITIAN

4. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch

3. Being Dead - EELS

2. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police

1. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

 

—

 

Consequence's 50 Best Albums of 2024

 

50. Kim Deal - Nobody Loves You More

49. Maxo Kream - Personification

48. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana

47. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign

46. Wishy - Triple Seven

45. Judas Priest - Invincible Shield

44. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

43. Knocked Loose - You Won't Go Before You're Supposed To

42. Zach Bryan - The Great American Bar Scene

41. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT

40. Shellac - To All Trains

39. Denzel Curry - KING OF THE MISCHIEVOUS SOUTH

38. Lip Critic - Hex Dealer

37. Opeth - The Last Will and Testament

36. Vince Staples - Dark Times

35. Joy Oladokun - Observations From A Crowded Room

34. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet

33. ScHoolboy Q - BLUE LIPS

32. Liquid Mike - Paul Bunyan's Slingshot

31. Hovvdy - Hovvdy

30. MIKE & Tony Seltzer - Pinball

29. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk

28. Jamie xx - In Waves

27. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal

26. Mount Eerie - Night Palace

25. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

24. Tierra Whack - WORLD WIDE WHACK

23. Remi Wolf - Big Ideas

22. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven

21. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas

20. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

19. Chat Pile - Cool World

18. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

17. Amyl and The Sniffers - Cartoon Darkness

16. Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross & Boys Noize - Challengers [MIXED] By Boys Noize

15. High on Fire - Cometh the Storm

14. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA

13. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor

12. The Smile - Wall of Eyes

11. Wild Pink - Dulling The Horns

10. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

9. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere

8. Kacey Musgraves - Deeper Well

7. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice

6. Jack White - No Name

5. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER

4. Johnny Blue Skies - Passage du Desir

3. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

2. Fontaines D.C. - Romance

1. Charli xcx - BRAT

 

—

 

Vulture's Best Albums of 2024

 

10. mediopicky - Bexaco y rico

9. Red Hot Org - TRA​​​И​​​Ƨ​​​A

8. Fontaines D.C. - Romance

7. Rachel Chinouriri - What A Devastating Turn of Events

6. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

5. Mustafa - Dunya

4. Bilal - Adjust Brightness

3. KA - The Thief Next to Jesus

2. Mach-Hommy - RICHAXXHAITIAN

1. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

 

—

 

BrooklynVegan's Top 50 Albums of 2024

 

50. Martha Skye Murphy - Um

49. Growing Stone - Death of a Momma’s Boy

48. Ka - The Thief Next To Jesus

47. Undeath - More Insane

46. BigXthaPlug - Take Care

45. High On Fire – Cometh the Storm

44. Bill Ryder-Jones - Iechyd Da

43. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor

42. Bright Eyes - Five Dice, All Threes

41. GloRilla - Glorious & Ehhthang Ehhthang

40. Arooj Aftab – Night Reign

39. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us

38. Mach-Hommy - # RICHAXXHAITIAN

37. Chat Pile - Cool World

36. SUMAC - The Healer

35. Candy - It's Inside You

34. State Faults - Children of the Moon

33. ELUCID - Revelator

32. Hurray for the Riff Raff - The Past Is Still Alive

31. Thou - Umbilical

30. Ekko Astral - Pink Balloons

29. Speed - Only One Mode

28. Gatecreeper - Dark Superstition

27. glass beach - Plastic Death

26. High Vis - Guided Tour

25. Rosali - Bite Down

24. Foxing - Foxing

23. Kim Gordon - The Collective

22. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

21. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana

20. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk

19. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal

18. Johnny Blue Skies (Sturgill Simpson) - Passage Du Desir

17. ScHoolboy Q - Blue Lips

16. Knocked Loose - You Won't Go Before You're Supposed To

15. Gouge Away - Deep Sage

14. Zach Bryan - The Great American Bar Scene

13. Beth Gibbons - Lives Outgrown

12. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

11. This Is Lorelei - Box for Buddy, Box for Star

10. Jessica Pratt - Here In the Pitch

9. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

8. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

7. Tyler, the Creator - Chromakopia

6. Fontaines D.C. - Romance

5. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere

4. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

3. Charli XCX - Brat

2. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

1. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven

 

—

 

brooklynvegan staff:

 

Dave’s honorable mentions

Colin Stetson – The Love It Took to Leave You

Drug Church – PRUDE

Hulder – Verses in Oath

Immortal Bird – The Love It Took to Leave You

Your Old Droog – Movie

 

Andrew’s honorable mentions

Combat – Stay Golden

Gillian Welch & David Rawlings – Woodland

MGMT – Loss of Life

Nala Sinephro – Endlessness

Touché Amoré – Spiral In A Straight Line

 

Amanda’s honorable mentions

Allie X – Girl With No Face

Christian Lee Hutson – Paradise Pop. 10

Eliza McLamb – Going Through It

Friko – Where we’ve been, Where we go from here

Wishy – Triple Seven

 

Bill’s honorable mentions

Tindersticks – Soft Tissue

Bibi Club – Fou de garde

Beak> – >>>>

High Llamas – Hey Panda

The Innocence Mission – Midwinter Swimmers

 

—

 

Pitchfork's 50 Best Albums of 2024

 

50. Wendy Eisenberg - Viewfinder

49. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2

48. Djrum - Meaning's Edge

47. Helado Negro - PHASOR

46. Chanel Beads - Your Day Will Come

45. 454 - Casts of a Dreamer

44. Milan W. - Leave Another Day

43. حمد [Ahmed] - Wood Blues

42. Loidis - One Day

41. 坂本龍一 [Ryuichi Sakamoto] - Opus

40. Erika de Casier - Still

39. This Is Lorelei - Box For Buddy, Box For Star

38. Being Dead - EELS

37. Lisha G & Trini Viv - Groovy Steppin Sh_t

36. Kali Uchis - ORQUÍDEAS

35. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet

34. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere

33. Hurray for the Riff Raff - The Past Is Still Alive

32. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes

31. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat

30. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice

29. xaviersobased - keep it goin xav

28. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer

27. Godspeed You! Black Emperor - NO TITLE AS OF 13 FEBRUARY 2024 28,340 DEAD

26. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us

25. Jlin - Akoma

24. Ka - The Thief Next to Jesus

23. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

22. Tyla - Tyla

21. Clairo - Charm

20. Mabe Fratti - Sentir que no sabes

19. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk

18. Mk. gee - Two Star & the Dream Police

17. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign

16. DORIS - Ultimate Love Songs Collection

15. Still House Plants - If I don’t make it, I love u

14. Rafael Toral - Spectral Evolution

13. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor

12. skaiwater - gigi

11. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven

10. Kim Gordon - The Collective

9. Astrid Sonne - Great Doubt

8. Bladee - Cold Visions

7. Mount Eerie - Night Palace

6. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

5. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

4. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

3. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch

2. Charli XCX - BRAT

1. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

 

—

 

Resident Advisor's Best Records of 2024

 

25. British Murder Boys - Active Agents and House Boys

24. Regal86 - Unearthed Vol. II 100 Trax

23. Jlin - Akoma

22. Nourished By Time - Catching Chickens

21. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

20. Midland - Fragments Of Us

19. Total Blue - Total Blue

18. gum.mp3 - Black Life, Red Planet

17. Tim Reaper & Kloke - In Full Effect

16. Tyla - TYLA

15. Various Artists - 10 Years Love On The Rocks - Sky Is The Limit

14. Skee Mask - ISS010

13. Ciel & CCL - Tilda's Goat Stare

12. Various Artists - Letters to a Future Palestine

11. Verraco - Breathe... Godspeed

10. Mabe Fratti - Sentir Que No Sabes

9. Nídia & Valentina Magaletti - Estradas

8. Syclops - Black Eye

7. gyrofield - These Heavens

6. DJ Anderson Do Paraíso - Queridão

5. Polygonia - Da Nao Tian Gong

4. Astrid Sonne - Great Doubt

3. Charli xcx - BRAT

2. De Schuurman - Bubbling Forever

1. Loidis - One Day

 

—

 

The Forty-Five's Best Albums of 2024

 

45. Pom Pom Squad - Mirror Starts Moving Without Me

44. ARXX - Good Boy

43. Maya Hawke - Chaos Angel

42. Sheer Mag - Playing Favorites

41. Lime Garden - One More Thing

40. Kali Uchis - ORQUÍDEAS

39. Dora Jar - No Way To Relax When You Are On Fire

38. Tinashe - Quantum Baby

37. Sleater-Kinney - Little Rope

36. Ravyn Lenae - Bird's Eye

35. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet

34. Wallice - The Jester

33. MICHELLE - Songs About You Specifically

32. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven

31. Marika Hackman - Big Sigh

30. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

29. Kelly Lee Owens - Dreamstate

28. Tyla - TYLA

27. Katie Gavin - What A Relief

26. Remi Wolf - Big Ideas

25. Megan Thee Stallion - MEGAN

24. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor

23. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk

22. Rachel Chinouriri - What A Devastating Turn of Events

21. Kim Gordon - The Collective

20. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

19. Nadine Shah - Filthy Underneath

18. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat

17. Beth Gibbons - Lives Outgrown

16. The Last Dinner Party - Prelude to Ecstasy

15. St. Vincent - All Born Screaming

14. Gracie Abrams - The Secret of Us

13. Bbymutha - sleep paralysis

12. SPRINTS - Letter To Self

11. Nia Archives - Silence Is Loud

10. Amyl and The Sniffers - Cartoon Darkness

9. Tierra Whack - WORLD WIDE WHACK

8. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

7. Clairo - Charm

6. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal

5. Charli xcx - Brat and it's completely different but also still brat

4. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT

3. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER

2. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas

1. Charli xcx - BRAT

 

—

 

MOJO’s Top 75 Albums of 2024

 

75. Field Music – Limits of Language

74. Pom Poko – Champion

73. Tindersticks – Soft Tissue

72. King Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard – Flight b741

71. The Bevis Frond – Focus on Nature

70. Kelly Finnigan – A Lover Was Born

69. The Harlem Gospel Travelers – Rhapsody

68. Julia Holter – Something in the Room She Moves

67. Ghost Dubs – Damaged

66. Khruangbin – A LA SALA

65. Cassie Kinoshi’s Seed – Gratitude

64. Hamish Hawk – A Firmer Hand

63. Floating Points – Cascade

62. Hermanos Gutiérrez – Sonido Cósmico

61. Oisin Leech – Cold Sea

60. The Hard Quartet – The Hard Quartet

59. Oren Ambarchi, Johan Berthling & Andreas Werliin – Ghosted II

58. Naima Bock – Below a Massive Dark Land

57. Johnny Blue Skies – Passage du Desir

56. Nadine Shah – Filthy Underneath

55. The Bug – Machine

54. MJ Lenderman – Manning Fireworks

53. Public Service Broadcasting – The Last Flight

52. Richard Hawley – In This City They Call You Love

51. IDLES – TANGK

50. Lee “Scratch” Perry – Spaceship to Mars

49. Joan As Police Woman – Lemons, Limes And Orchids

48. Nick Lowe – Indoor Safari

47. The Jesus and Mary Chain – Glasgow Eyes

46. The Last Dinner Party – Prelude to Ecstasy

45. Nubya Garcia – ODYSSEY

44. Kamasi Washington – Fearless Movement

43. The Black Crowes – Happiness Bastards

42. Michael Kiwanuka – Small Changes

41. Laura Marling – Patterns in Repeat

40. Brittany Howard – What Now

39. Arooj Aftab – Night Reign

38. Leyla McCalla – Sun Without the Heat

37. Common – The Auditorium Vol. 1

36. Jessica Pratt – Here in the Pitch

35. Adrianne Lenker – Bright Future

34. Amyl and The Sniffers – Cartoon Darkness

33. Ezra Collective – Dance, No One’s Watching

32. Pet Shop Boys – Nonetheless

31. The Cure – Songs of a Lost World

30. Waxahatchee – Tigers Blood

29. Charles Lloyd – The Sky Will Still Be There Tomorrow

28. John Cale – POPtical Illusion

27. The The – Ensoulment

26. Dirty Three – Love Changes Everything

25. St. Vincent – All Born Screaming

24. Mercury Rev – Born Horses

23. Richard Thompson – Ship To Shore

22. Mdou Moctar – Funeral for Justice

21. Gruff Rhys – Sadness Sets Me Free

20. Lady Blackbird – Slang Spirituals

19. Peter Perrett – The Cleansing

18. David Gilmour – Luck and Strange

17. Paul Weller – 66

16. Michael Head & The Red Elastic Band – Loophole

15. English Teacher – This Could Be Texas

14. Cassandra Jenkins – My Light, My Destroyer

13. The Smile – Wall of Eyes

12. Shabaka – Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace

11. John Grant – The Art of the Lie

10. Kim Gordon – The Collective

9. Jane Weaver – Love In Constant Spectacle

8. The Lemon Twigs – A Dream Is All We Know

7. Fontaines D.C. – Romance

6. Kim Deal – Nobody Loves You More

5. Bill Ryder-Jones – Iechyd Da

4. Gillian Welch & David Rawlings – Woodland

3. Beth Gibbons – Lives Outgrown

2. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds – Wild God

1. Jack White – No Name

 

—

 

Rolling Stone‘s Top 50 Albums of 2024

 

100. Pom Pom Squad - Mirror Starts Moving Without Me

99. Sleater-Kinney - Little Rope

98. Common and Pete Rock - The Auditorium, Vol. 1

97. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - Wild God

96. Kali Uchis - Orquídeas

95. Koe Wetzel - 9 Lives

94. Grace Cummings - Ramona

93. Kerry King - From Hell I Rise

92. Megan Moroney - Am I Okay?

91. Allie X - Girl With No Face

90. Various Artists - Silver Patron Saints: The Songs of Jesse Malin

89. Charley Crockett - $10 Cowboy

88. RM - Right Place, Wrong Person

87. Cavalier - Different Type Time

86. Porter Robinson - SMILE!: D

85. Camila Cabello - C, XOXO

84. The Hard Quartet - The Hard Quartet

83. Floating Points - Cascade

82. NSQK - ATP

81. Hinds - Viva Hinds

80. The Last Dinner Party - Prelude to Ecstasy

79. Adeem the Artist - Anniversary

78. Liquid Mike - Paul Bunyans Sling Shot

77. Xavi - NEXT

76. Claire Rousay - Sentiment

75. Vince Staples - Dark Times

74. Peso Pluma - Éxodo

73. Ice Spice - Y2K

72. Maggie Rose - No One Gets Out Alive

71. Sexyy Red - In Sexyy We Trust

70. Charly Bliss - Forever

69. This Is Lorelei - Box for Buddy, Box for Star

68. ScHoolboy Q - Blue Lips

67. Rosie Tucker - Utopia Now!

66. ELUCID - Revelator

65. Maggie Rogers - Dont Forget Me

64. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign

63. Red Clay Strays - Made By These Moments

62. Helado Negro - Phasor

61. Allegra Krieger - Art of the Unseen Infinity Machine

60. Sierra Ferrell - Trail of Flowers

59. Omar Apollo - God Said No

58. Fontaines D.C. - Romance

57. John Cale - POPtical Illusion

56. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

55. Shaboozey - Where Ive Been, Isn’t Where I’m Going

54. Brittany Howard - What Now

53. Ayra Starr - The Year I Turned 21

52. Towa Bird - American Hero

51. RaiNao - Capicú

50. Cash Cobain - Play Cash Cobain

49. St. Vincent - All Born Screaming

48. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

47. Lainey Wilson - Whirlwind

46. Latto - Sugar Honey Iced Tea

45. Illuminati Hotties - Power

44. The Marias - Submarine

43. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us

42. Halsey - The Great Impersonator

41. Young Miko - Att.

40. Kaytranada - Timeless

39. Soccer Mommy - Evergreen

38. Rachel Chinouriri - What a Devastating Turn of Events

37. Tems - Born in the Wild

36. Hurray for the Riff Raff - The Past Is Still Alive

35. The Smile - Wall of Eyes

34. Faye Webster - Underdressed at the Symphony

33. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2

32. Normani - Dopamine

31. Griff - Vertigo

30. Mustafa - Dunya

29. Anycia - Princess Pop That

28. Gillian Welch and David Rawlings - Woodland

27. Shakira - Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran

26. Kim Gordon - The Collective

25. GloRilla - Glorious

24. Johnny Blue Skies/Sturgill Simpson - Passage Du Desir

23. Taylor Swift - The Tortured Poets Department

22. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven

21. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

20. Jack White - No Name

19. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice

18. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch

17. Tyler, the Creator - Chromakopia

16. Álvaro Díaz - Sayonara

15. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

14. Mk. Gee - Two Star & the Dream Police

13. Clairo - Charm

12. Zach Bryan - The Great American Bar Scene

11. Rema - Heis

10. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

9. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal

8. Ariana Grande - Eternal Sunshine

7. Future and Metro Boomin - We Don’t Trust You

6. Tyla - Tyla

5. Billie Eilish - Hit Me Hard and Soft

4. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n’ Sweet

3. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

2. Beyoncé - Cowboy Carter

1. Charli XCX - Brat

 

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The Independent's Best Albums of 2024

 

20. The Last Dinner Party - Prelude to Ecstasy

19. Taylor Swift - THE TORTURED POETS DEPARTMENT

18. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

17. Bright Eyes - Five Dice, All Threes

16. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet

15. Hinds - Viva Hinds

14. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT

13. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas

12. Brett Anderson, Paraorchestra & Charles Hazlewood - Death Songbook

11. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER

10. The Smile - Wall of Eyes

9. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat

8. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

7. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA

6. Kim Deal - Nobody Loves You More

5. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

4. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds - Wild God

3. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us

2. Charli XCX - Brat

1. Fontaines D.C. - Romance

 

—

 

Paste's 100 Best Albums of 2024

 

100. Chelsea Wolfe - She Reaches Out to She Reaches Out to She

99. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal

98. Feeling Figures - Everything Around You

97. Bladee - Cold Visions

96. Nia Archives - Silence Is Loud

95. Rosali - Bite Down

94. Young Jesus - The Fool

93. Empress Of - For Your Consideration

92. Hour - Ease the Work

91. Haley Heynderickx - Seed of a Seed

90. 파란노을 [Parannoul] - Sky Hundred

89. Rosie Tucker - UTOPIA NOW!

88. claire rousay - sentiment

87. Rose Hotel - A Pawn Surrender

86. Yasmin Williams - Acadia

85. Shovel Dance Collective - The Shovel Dance

84. Rachel Chinouriri - What A Devastating Turn of Events

83. Ekko Astral - pink balloons

82. NxWorries - WHY LAWD?

81. YATTA - PALM WINE

80. Brittany Howard - What Now

79. Amaro Freitas - Y'Y

78. Chris Acker - Famous Lunch

77. Tex Patrello - Minotaur

76. Clairo - Charm

75. 1010benja - Ten Total

74. Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross - Challengers (Original Score)

73. Mount Eerie - Night Palace

72. Still House Plants - If I don't make it, I love u

71. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us

70. Tasha - All This and So Much More

69. Combat - Stay Golden

68. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT

67. Cavalier - Different Type Time

66. Midwife - No Depression in Heaven

65. Kali Uchis - ORQUÍDEAS

64. Kim Gordon - The Collective

63. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign

62. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes

61. Hovvdy - Hovvdy

60. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice

59. Thou - Umbilical

58. Shabaka - Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace

57. Lip Critic - Hex Dealer

56. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER

55. More Eaze, Pardo & Glass - paris paris, texas texas

54. Knocked Loose - You Won't Go Before You're Supposed To

53. Jimmy Montague - Tomorrow's Coffee

52. ScHoolboy Q - BLUE LIPS

51. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police

50. Wishy - Triple Seven

49. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana

48. Good Looks - Lived Here For a While

47. KA - The Thief Next to Jesus

46. Being Dead - EELS

45. Hannah Frances - Keeper Of The Shepherd

44. MIKE & Tony Seltzer - Pinball

43. Kim Deal - Nobody Loves You More

42. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat

41. Merce Lemon - Watch Me Drive Them Dogs Wild

40. MICHELLE - Songs About You Specifically

39. Willi Carlisle - Critterland

38. Allegra Krieger - Art of the Unseen Infinity Machine

37. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2

36. Hayden Pedigo - Live in Amarillo, Texas

35. Yaya Bey - Ten Fold

34. Ezra Feinberg - Soft Power

33. Fabiana Palladino - Fabiana Palladino

32. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor

31. Uniform - American Standard

30. Mustafa - Dunya

29. The Lemon Twigs - A Dream Is All We Know

28. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven

27. Astrid Sonne - Great Doubt

26. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk

25. This Is Lorelei - Box For Buddy, Box For Star

24. Sharp Pins - Radio DDR

23. The Messthetics & James Brandon Lewis - The Messthetics & James Brandon Lewis

22. Gillian Welch & David Rawlings - Woodland

21. Ducks Ltd. - Harm's Way

20. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer

19. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

18. Jack White - No Name

17. Mabe Fratti - Sentir Que No Sabes

16. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

15. Beth Gibbons - Lives Outgrown

14. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA

13. Fontaines D.C. - Romance

12. Hurray for the Riff Raff - The Past Is Still Alive

11. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

10. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

9. Wild Pink - Dulling The Horns

8. Vince Staples - Dark Times

7. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

6. Charli xcx - BRAT

5. Johnny Blue Skies - Passage du Desir

4. Friko - Where we've been, Where we go from here

3. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

2. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

1. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch

 

—

 

Exclaim!'s 50 Best Albums of 2024

 

50. Jamie xx - In Waves

49. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

48. Remi Wolf - Big Ideas

47. Dorothea Paas - Think Of Mist

46. Floating Points - Cascade

45. Naima Bock - Below a Massive Dark Land

44. MIKE & Tony Seltzer - Pinball

43. Myriam Gendron - Mayday

42. A. G. Cook - Britpop

41. Knocked Loose - You Won't Go Before You're Supposed To

40. Future & Metro Boomin - WE STILL DON'T TRUST YOU

40. Future & Metro Boomin - WE DON'T TRUST YOU

39. Fontaines D.C. - Romance

38. Four Tet - Three

37. Godspeed You! Black Emperor - NO TITLE AS OF 13 FEBRUARY 2024 28,340 DEAD

36. BIG|BRAVE - A Chaos of Flowers

35. Kim Gordon - The Collective

34. OMBIIGIZI - Shame

33. Sumac - The Healer

32. Nap Eyes - The Neon Gate

31. ScHoolboy Q - BLUE LIPS

30. Clairo - Charm

29. Nemahsis - Verbathim

28. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World

27. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch

26. Still House Plants - If I don't make it, I love u

25. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet

24. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

23. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal

22. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer

21. Nicolette & The Nobodies - The Long Way

20. Vince Staples - Dark Times

19. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police

18. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice

17. Corridor - Mimi

16. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

15. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk

14. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor

13. Jack White - No Name

12. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere

11. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

10. Ducks Ltd. - Harm's Way

9. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA

8. Bibi Club - Feu De Garde

7. Chat Pile - Cool World

6. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven

5. Caribou - Honey

4. Mustafa - Dunya

3. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

2. Charli xcx - BRAT

1. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

 

—

 

BBC Radio 6 Music's Albums of the Year 2024

 

A. G. Cook - Britpop

Amyl and The Sniffers - Cartoon Darkness

Bob Vylan - Humble As The Sun

Bonny Light Horseman - Keep Me On Your Mind/See You Free

Charli XCX - Brat

Clarissa Connelly - World of Work

English Teacher - This Could Be Texas

Ezra Feinberg - Soft Power

Faux Real - Faux Ever

Fontaines D.C. - Romance

Ganavya - Daughter of a Temple

Hamish Hawk - A Firmer Hand

I. JORDAN - I AM JORDAN

Infinity Song - Metamorphosis Complete

Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch

Kim Gordon - The Collective

Mount Kimbie - The Sunset Violent

Nadine Shah - Filthy Underneath

Naima Bock - Below a Massive Dark Land

Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

Oisin Leech - Cold Sea

Shy FX & Mr. Williamz - Rudeboy Design Soundtape

Tess Parks - Pomegranate

Thee Marloes - Perak

Violence Gratuite - Baleine à Boss

Warmdüscher - Too Cold To Hold

 

—

 

Loud and Quiet's Albums of the Year 2024

 

20. Tony Njoku - Last Bloom

19. Bingo Fury - Bats Feet For A Widow

18. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas

17. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

16. Moin - You Never End

15. Elias Rønnenfelt - Heavy Glory

14. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

13. Goat Girl - Below The Waste

12. Clarissa Connelly - World of Work

11. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

10. Anastasia Coope - Darning Woman

9. claire rousay - sentiment

8. JPEGMAFIA - I LAY DOWN MY LIFE FOR YOU

7. Kim Gordon - The Collective

6. Geordie Greep - The New Sound

5. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

4. Ex-Easter Island Head - Norther

3. Mabe Fratti - Sentir Que No Sabes

2. Charli xcx - BRAT

1. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer

 

—

 

The New Yorker's Best Albums of 2024

 

20. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana

19. Yasmin Williams - Acadia

18. Clairo - Charm

17. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

16. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

15. ScHoolboy Q - BLUE LIPS

14. Brittany Howard - What Now

13. Jake Xerxes Fussell - When I'm Called

12. Helado Negro - PHASOR

11. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2

10. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT

9. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us

8. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice

7. Charli xcx - BRAT

6. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER

5. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

4. Bon Iver - SABLE,

3. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet

2. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police

1. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

 

—

 

NPR's 50 Best Albums of 2024

(it’s in chronological order)

 

Kali Uchis – ORQUÍDEAS

Vijay Iyer, Linda May Han Oh, Tyshawn Sorey – Compassion

Mk. gee – Two Star & The Dream Police

Madi Diaz – Weird Faith

Hurray For The Riff Raff – The Past Is Still Alive

ScHoolboy Q – Blue Lips

Experiential Orchestra – American Counterpoints

Kim Gordon – The Collective

Waxahatchee – Tigers Blood

Tyla – Tyla

Rosie Tucker – UTOPIA NOW!

Amaia Miranda – Mientras vivas brillas

Beyoncé – Cowboy Carter

Fabiana Palladino – Fabiana Palladino

Maya Beiser – Maya Beiser x Terry Riley: In C

Ekko Astral – pink balloons

claire rousay – sentiment

Luiza Brina – Prece

Jessica Pratt – Here in the Pitch

Beth Gibbons – Lives Outgrown

Angelica Garcia – Gemelo

Kaytranada – TIMELESS

Charli xcx – brat

Tems – Born in the Wild

Gabriela Ortiz – Revolución Diamantina

Rema – HEIS

Cassandra Jenkins – My Light, My Destroyer

Remi Wolf – Big Ideas

JPEGMAFIA – I Lay Down My Life For You

Meshell Ndegeocello – No More Water: The Gospel of James Baldwin

Rae Khalil – CRYBABY

Gillian Welch & David Rawlings – Woodland

Sabrina Carpenter – Short n’ Sweet

Doechii – Alligator Bites Never Heal

Emily D’Angelo – Freezing

Patricia Brennan Septet – Breaking Stretch

Nala Sinephro – Endlessness

MJ Lenderman – Manning Fireworks

Nilüfer Yanya – My Method Actor

Mustafa – Dunya

Yasmin Williams – Acadia

Blood Incantation – Absolute Elsewhere

Immanuel Wilkins – Blues Blood

BigXthaPlug – Take Care

GloRilla – GLORIOUS

Roy Hargrove’s Crisol – Grande-Terre

Latin Mafia – Todos los días todo el día

Tyler, The Creator – CHROMAKOPIA

The Cure – Songs of a Lost World

Kendrick Lamar – GNX

 

—

 

Uncut's 80 Best Albums of 2024

 

80. Leyla McCalla – Sun Without the Heat

79. Yasmin Williams – Acadia

78. Wadada Leo Smith – Central Park’s Mosaics of Reservoir, Lake, Paths and Gardens

77. Kali Uchis – ORQUÍDEAS

76. Personal Trainer – Still Willing

75. Pye Corner Audio – The Endless Echo

74. Dave Alvin – TexiCali

73. Nick Lowe – Indoor Safari

72. Laurie Anderson – Amelia

71. Beachwood Sparks – Across the River of Stars

70. Arab Strap – I’m totally fine with it don’t give a fuck anymore

69. The Cure – Songs of a Lost World

68. Taylor Swift – THE TORTURED POETS DEPARTMENT

67. John Canning Yates – The Quiet Portraits

66. Vampire Weekend – Only God Was Above Us

65. Tindersticks – Soft Tissue

64. Billie Eilish – HIT ME HARD AND SOFT

63. The Jesus and Mary Chain – Glasgow Eyes

62. Kamasi Washington – Fearless Movement

61. IDLES – TANGK

60. Nadine Shah – Filthy Underneath

59. Charli XCX – BRAT

58. Linda Thompson – Proxy Music

57. Jlin – Akoma

56. Fievel Is Glauque – Rong Weicknes

55. Nilüfer Yanya – My Method Actor

54. Kaia Kater – Strange Medicine

53. Bonny Light Horseman – Keep Me On Your Mind/See You Free

52. BASIC – This Is BASIC

51. Chuck Johnson – Sun Glories

50. Oren Ambarchi, Johan Berthling & Andreas Werliin – Ghosted II

49. Still House Plants – If I don’t make it, I love u

48. David Gilmour – Luck and Strange

47. Sarah Davachi – The Head as Form’d in the Crier’s Choir

46. Charles Lloyd – The Sky Will Still Be There Tomorrow

45. Laura Marling – Patterns in Repeat

44. Christopher Owens – I Wanna Run Barefoot Through Your Hair

43. Richard Thompson – Ship To Shore

42. Kim Deal – Nobody Loves You More

41. Paul Weller – 66

40. Grandaddy – Blu Wav

39. Brown Horse – Reservoir

38. Dirty Three – Love Changes Everything

37. Shellac – To All Trains

36. Myriam Gendron – Mayday

35. Brittany Howard – What Now

34. Rosali – Bite Down

33. Willie Nelson – The Border

32. Beak> – >>>>

31. Mabe Fratti – Sentir Que No Sabes

30. Kim Gordon – The Collective

29. Oisin Leech – Cold Sea

28. Jake Xerxes Fussell – When I’m Called

27. English Teacher – This Could Be Texas

26. Michael Head & The Red Elastic Band – Loophole

25. Nala Sinephro – Endlessness

24. Phosphorescent – Revelator

23. The High Llamas – Hey Panda

22. Alan Sparhawk – White Roses, My God

21. John Cale – POPtical Illusion

20. Hurray for the Riff Raff – The Past Is Still Alive

19. Peter Perrett – The Cleansing

18. Shabaka – Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace

17. Johnny Blue Skies – Passage du Desir

16. Bill Ryder-Jones – Iechyd Da

15. Jack White – No Name

14. Mdou Moctar – Funeral for Justice

13. Fontaines D.C. – Romance

12. Julia Holter – Something in the Room She Moves

11. Cassandra Jenkins – My Light, My Destroyer

10. Waxahatchee – Tigers Blood

9. Cindy Lee – Diamond Jubilee

8. MJ Lenderman – Manning Fireworks

7. The Smile – Wall of Eyes

6. Adrianne Lenker – Bright Future

5. Jessica Pratt – Here in the Pitch

4. Arooj Aftab – Night Reign

3. Beth Gibbons – Lives Outgrown

2. Gillian Welch & David Rawlings – Woodland

1. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds – Wild God

 

—

 

The Quietus' Top 100 Albums of 2024

 

79. Geordie Greep – The New Sound

78. Thou – Umbilical

77. Fred Moten / Brandon López / Gerald Cleaver – The Blacksmiths, The Flowers

76. Sleepytime Gorilla Museum – Of The Last Human Being

75. Helado Negro – Phasor

74. Sahra Halgan – Hiddo Dhawr

73. TOMO – Vielle​-​Electronica

72. Alan Sparhawk – White Roses, My God

71. Skee Mask – ISS010

70. Rosso Polare – Campo Amaro

69. Mdou Moctar – Funeral For Justice

68. The Dengie Hundred With Gemma Blackshaw – Who Will You Love

67. Bòsc – Bòsc

66. Caveira – Ficar Vivo

65. Blood Incantation – Absolute Elsewhere

64. Underworld – Strawberry Hotel

63. Martha Skye Murphy – UM

62. The Cure – Songs Of A Lost World

61. Uniform – American Standard

60. MIKE & Tony Seltzer – Pinball

59. Cower – Celestial Devestation

58. Mach-Hommy – RICHAXXHAITIAN

57. BIG|BRAVE – A Chaos Of Flowers

56. Laura Cannell – The Rituals of Hildegard Reimagined

55. Wendy Eisenberg – Viewfinder

54. Erika Angell – The Obsession With Her Voice

53. Persher – Sleep Well

52. DJ Anderson do Paraíso – Queridão

51. Schoolboy Q – Blue Lips

50. Kim Gordon – The Collective

49. Quatuor Bozzini - Jürg Frey: String Quartet No. 4

48. British Murder Boys - Active Agents & House Boys

47. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes

46. Harry Górski-Brown - Durt Dronemaker After Dreamboats

45. Saagara - 3

44. Holy Tongue Meets Shackleton - The Tumbling Psychic Joy Of Now

43. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

42. Hamish Hawk - A Firmer Hand

41. Guðmundur Steinn Gunarsson - Stífluhringurinn

40. Mary Halvorson - Cloudward

39. Senyawa - Vajranala

38. Jane Weaver - Love In Constant Spectacle

37. Water Damage - In E

36. Chrystabell & David Lynch - Cellophane Memories

35. Wu-Lu - Learning To Swim On Empty

34. Lorenzo Abattoir - Mess (Akt IV)

33. Roc Marciano - Marciology

32. Eric Chenaux Trio - Delights Of My Life

31. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign

30. Xylitol - Anemones

29. Eros - Your Truth Is A Lie

28. Elijah Minnelli - Perpetual Musket

27. Milkweed - Folklore 1979

26. Naemi - Dust Devil

25. Einstürzende Neubauten - Rampen (apm: alien pop music)

24. Róis - Mo Léan

23. William Doyle - Springs Eternal

22. Bill Ryder-Jones - Iechyd Da

21. The Body & Dis Fig - Orchards Of A Futile Heaven

20. Sealionwoman – Nothing Will Grow In The Soil

19. Gnod – Spot Land

18. Nonpareils – Rhetoric & Terror

17. Clairo – Charm

16. Tashi Wada – What Is Not Strange?

15. Charli xcx – Brat

14. Jacken Elswyth – At Fargrounds

13. Dialect – Atlas Of Green

12. Fat White Family – Forgiveness Is Yours

11. Shellac – To All Trains

10. Nadine Shah – Filthy Underneath

9. Oranssi Pazuzu – Muuntautuja

8. Shovel Dance Collective – The Shovel Dance

7. Rafael Toral – Spectral Evolution

6. Still House Plants – If I don’t make it, I love u

5. Mohammad Syfkhan – I Am Kurdish

4. Xiu Xiu – 13″ Frank Beltrame Italian Stiletto With Bison Horn Grips

3. Moin – You Never End

2. Tristwch y Fenywod – Tristwch y Fenywod

1. Ex-Easter Island Head – Norther

 

—

 

Stereogum: Best Albums of 2024

 

50. Wussy - Cincinnati Ohio

49. Mach-Hommy - RICHAXXHAITIAN

48. Willi Carlisle - Critterland

47. LL Cool J - The FORCE

46. 2nd Grade - Scheduled Explosions

45. Sabrina Carpenter - Short N' Sweet

44. glass beach - plastic death

43. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer

42. Johnny Blue Skies - Passage Du Desir

41. Madi Diaz - Weird Faith

40. Nubya Garcia - Odyssey

39. Couch Slut - You Could Do It Tonight

38. Four Tet - Three

37. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us

36. High Vis - Guided Tour

35. Mabe Fratti - Sentir Que No Sabes

34. Drug Church - Prude

33. Hovvdy - Hovvdy

32. Floating Points - Cascade

31. Jake Xerxes Fussell - When I'm Called

30. DIIV - Frog In Boiling Water

29. The Cure - Songs Of A Lost World

28. Fontaines D.C. - Romance (XL)

27. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor

26. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere

25. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven

24. Kim Gordon - The Collective

23. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness

22. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police

21. Chat Pile - Cool World

20. Erika de Casier - Still

19. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future

18. Ka - The Thief Next To Jesus

17. Wild Pink - Dulling The Horns

16. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana

15. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2

14. Gouge Away - Deep Sage

13. This Is Lorelei - Box For Buddy, Box For Star

12. Tyler, The Creator - Chromakopia

11. Wishy - Triple Seven

10. Los Campesinos! - All Hell

9. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal

8. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee

7. Mount Eerie - Night Palace

6. Jessica Pratt - Here In The Pitch

5. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk

4. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood

3. Kendrick Lamar - GNX

2. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks

1. Charli XCX - Brat & Brat And It's Completely Different But Also Still Brat

 

(to be continued...)

 

total recall:

 

seen live (all time)

 

Albums of the Year:

 

flickr:

 

2024 | 2023

 

2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017

 

last - blogspot:

 

2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013

 

livejournal:

 

2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006

 

shoegazers:

 

2025

 

2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018

 

2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012

 

2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007

  

#best_of_2024 #top2024 #yearendlists #albumoftheyear #mojo #rollingstone #paste #exclaim #bbcradio6music #loudandquiet #newyorker #npr #uncut #thequietus #stereogum #pitchfork #residentadvisor #thewire #gorillavsbear #consequence #vulture #thefortyfive #louderthanwar

 

Chomsky argues, convincingly to me, that to an alien from outer space, human language would appear to be dialects of the same language such is the similarity between the various languages of the world. And I agree. While the word order of Japanese and English are so different, often back to front, they have many similarities. The difficult part about learning Japanese was mostly to do with learning to think in a different order, rather than to learn to think in a different way. However, there are also some areas, or some expressions, that required a different way of thinking. One of these was the translation of the English above, or in general:

 

What is ADJECTIVE about NOUN

 

The Japanese for this expression is (as given in the image above)

 

What is the NOUN's ADJECTIVE place?

 

E.g. (transliterating) What is this blogu's interesting place?

 

I found this expression in Japanese to be difficult to use. It required not merely a word order shift but a change in conception of things. What is a thing? What is an entity?

 

My Japanese learners of English find the English expression difficult to learn too. Fortunately a similar expression exists in English:

 

What are the NOUN's ADJECTIVE point?

 

But it is a a little unnatural.

 

What is this blog's interesting point?

 

My students of English use the above form a lot. Perhaps I should encourage them to do so.

 

Nacalianly speaking, I think that these expressions reflect differences in what it is to be an entity.

 

The pronoun "about," such as in, "I am thinking about X" or "This is a story about Y" introduces a narrative.The question "What is ADJECTIVE about NOUN," assumes that NOUN is a narratival entity. things or entities, (e.g. this blog, or a person) are concepts, or narratives. But the Japanese expression, "What is the NOUN's ADJECTIVE place?" suggests to me that Japanese speakers conceive of entities spatio-visually, as a collection of images perhaps. The Japanese question is asking for the image, of the collection of images that forms that entity, that corresponds to the adjective. The English question is asking for the part of that narratival entity (the part of the narrative) that conforms to the adjective.

 

I should explain...in the Norfolk dialect (which I love with all my heart) a Tittermatorter is a See-saw.

 

As I am sure you will understand, arriving at the playground alone always meant the see-saw was out of bounds. Sure, you could sit on it, bounce yourself up and down (as I did when making this image), but it was not the same as having a good pal as counterweight.

 

This is shot three of the Pinhole Playground series. If you want to see the images together, check here.

 

Zero Image 6x9 MF loaded with Fuji Reala 100. Exposure time approximately 4 seconds.

"Das ist der Dom!" - Ausflug nach Köln mit Besteigung des Doms

By Alfred Ollivant. Beautifully illustrated by Marguerite Kirmse. 1898. I have to confess that I found the text very problematic, as all the discourse is in Cumbrian dialect.

This windmill - known in local dialect as 'Widde Meuln', white mill - was an empty brick shell from 1936 until 2007, when it was restored to working order. While most Dutch windmills have an 8-sided 'balcony', this mill has a 12-sided one. Not easily noticed until you look at it from the top.

 

Picture taken with a camera lofted by a kite.

 

Visitors at the lookout summit atop Montreal's Parc Mont Royal.

 

Lovely animal, I couldn't resist taking a pic. I believe this is a Bernese Mountain Dog. They make wonderful family pets. My neighbours across the street had one of these, and raised 4 children along with a dog like this. The dog was unflappable. I had never seen such a well-behaved dog with four young tots to contend with. He rarely barked, I never saw him snap and he put up with all kinds of naughty child shenanigans. If it weren't for all that hair that needs constant grooming I think this would be my second favorite breed to own (the labrador retriever being my breed of choice).

 

Parc Mont Royal in the centre of downtown Montreal epitomizes the essence of this wonderful city. It's a popular tourist (and local) attraction - but without the rampant commercialism of other tourist areas of Montreal.

I love coming up here, to just sit, watch and observe. You can meet people from all over the world, and hear all kinds of languages and dialects spoken - and yes, see various species of dogs here also!

 

Montreal's Parc Mont Royal was designed and lanscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted (yes, the very same gent who designed New York City's Central Park)

 

Montreal Parc Mont-Royal: www.montreal.com/parks/mtroyal.html

 

The indigenous Kaqchikel people here, in central Guatemala, speak the Kaqchikel (Kachiquel) dialect.

 

IMG_8492 R1

 

L'azdora - In dialetto romagnolo é lei che tiene le redini di casa!

L'azdora - Into my country dialect : She's holding the reins!

 

Zuiko 50 mm f/2 + Oly E-5

 

Paolo's Re- styled Blog - Visitez-le Visitatelo - Visit it

 

Visitez Visitate Visit Accademia di fotografia J.M. Cameron>

    

En dialecto Cumanagoto “Chakau” significa “Arena”, y hace referencia al suelo del fértil valle que era dominado por el cacique.

Chacao tiene como punto de partida la vida del cacique Chacao: valiente jefe indígena de origen Caribe, temido y respetado por los conquistadores españoles, que controlaba amplias zonas del centro y este de lo que hoy conocemos como el valle de Caracas.

Según cuenta la tradición, Chacao entregó su vida durante un ataque a un campamento de soldados españoles, al rescatar a dos niños indígenas que fueron secuestrados por los conquistadores para provocar la confrontación con el jefe indígena. Durante la batalla, Chacao logra liberar a los pequeños pero cae herido de muerte, acabando así con el último bastión de resistencia indígena en Caracas.

Al fundar la ciudad de Caracas, el 25 de julio de 1567, el conquistador Diego de Losada incluyó en su jurisdicción a esa fértil llanura, que muchos visitantes, como el barón Alejandro Von Humboldt, llegaron a considerar como sitio ideal para la conformación de una ciudad.

El primer asentamiento criollo en la zona se fundó casi un siglo después, debido a la inmigración de damnificados del terremoto de San Bernabé, que dejó a Caracas en ruinas el 11 de junio de 1641.

Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Municipal del 15 de junio de 1989, la figura del Distrito Sucre desaparece, naciendo el Municipio Sucre actual, el cual es desmembrado de su parte occidental, creándose así tres nuevos municipios foráneos: Baruta, El Hatillo y Chacao.

The indigenous Kaqchikel people here, in central Guatemala, speak the Kaqchikel (Kachiquel) dialect.

 

IMG_8458 R1

 

a poem in the groningen dialect is written on the layers of the bridge. best viewed "original". poem by jan glas.

click this link to read the poem in Dutch www.flickr.com/photos/mitho/317854549/sizes/o/in/photostr...

Patrick Dunst:Tribal Dialects, Murszene 2014, Matriahilferplatz, Graz (A), 19 July 2014

Chipilo es una pequeña ciudad localizada a 12 kilómetros al sur de la ciudad de Puebla, en México. Se encuentra a 2150 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Su nombre oficial es Chipilo de Francisco Javier Mina. El gentilicio para los originarios de Chipilo es chipileños. La mayoría de los habitantes de Chipilo hablan el Chipileño, un dialecto italiano originario del Veneto.

Bali is an island and province of Indonesia. The province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nusa Ceningan. It is located at the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. Its capital of Denpasar is located at the southern part of the island.

 

With a population of 3,890,757 in the 2010 census, and 4,225,000 as of January 2014, the island is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority. According to the 2010 Census, 83.5% of Bali's population adhered to Balinese Hinduism, followed by 13.4% Muslim, Christianity at 2.5%, and Buddhism 0.5%.

 

Bali is a popular tourist destination, which has seen a significant rise in numbers since the 1980s. It is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking, and music. The Indonesian International Film Festival is held every year in Bali.

 

Bali is part of the Coral Triangle, the area with the highest biodiversity of marine species. In this area alone over 500 reef building coral species can be found. For comparison, this is about 7 times as many as in the entire Caribbean. There is a wide range of dive sites with high quality reefs, all with their own specific attractions. Many sites can have strong currents and swell, so diving without a knowledgeable guide is inadvisable. Most recently, Bali was the host of the 2011 ASEAN Summit, 2013 APEC and Miss World 2013.

 

HISTORY

ANCIENT

Bali was inhabited around 2000 BC by Austronesian people who migrated originally from Southeast Asia and Oceania through Maritime Southeast Asia. Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are closely related to the people of the Indonesian archipelago, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Oceania. Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island's west.

 

In ancient Bali, nine Hindu sects existed, namely Pasupata, Bhairawa, Siwa Shidanta, Waisnawa, Bodha, Brahma, Resi, Sora and Ganapatya. Each sect revered a specific deity as its personal Godhead.

 

Inscriptions from 896 and 911 don't mention a king, until 914, when Sri Kesarivarma is mentioned. They also reveal an independent Bali, with a distinct dialect, where Buddhism and Sivaism were practiced simultaneously. Mpu Sindok's great granddaughter, Mahendradatta (Gunapriyadharmapatni), married the Bali king Udayana Warmadewa (Dharmodayanavarmadeva) around 989, giving birth to Airlangga around 1001. This marriage also brought more Hinduism and Javanese culture to Bali. Princess Sakalendukirana appeared in 1098. Suradhipa reigned from 1115 to 1119, and Jayasakti from 1146 until 1150. Jayapangus appears on inscriptions between 1178 and 1181, while Adikuntiketana and his son Paramesvara in 1204.

 

Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian, Chinese, and particularly Hindu culture, beginning around the 1st century AD. The name Bali dwipa ("Bali island") has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the Blanjong pillar inscription written by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 914 AD and mentioning "Walidwipa". It was during this time that the people developed their complex irrigation system subak to grow rice in wet-field cultivation. Some religious and cultural traditions still practised today can be traced to this period.

 

The Hindu Majapahit Empire (1293–1520 AD) on eastern Java founded a Balinese colony in 1343. The uncle of Hayam Wuruk is mentioned in the charters of 1384-86. A mass Javanese emigration occurred in the next century.

 

PORTUGUESE CONTACTS

The first known European contact with Bali is thought to have been made in 1512, when a Portuguese expedition led by Antonio Abreu and Francisco Serrão sighted its northern shores. It was the first expedition of a series of bi-annual fleets to the Moluccas, that throughout the 16th century usually traveled along the coasts of the Sunda Islands. Bali was also mapped in 1512, in the chart of Francisco Rodrigues, aboard the expedition. In 1585, a ship foundered off the Bukit Peninsula and left a few Portuguese in the service of Dewa Agung.

 

DUTCH EAST INDIA

In 1597 the Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman arrived at Bali, and the Dutch East India Company was established in 1602. The Dutch government expanded its control across the Indonesian archipelago during the second half of the 19th century (see Dutch East Indies). Dutch political and economic control over Bali began in the 1840s on the island's north coast, when the Dutch pitted various competing Balinese realms against each other. In the late 1890s, struggles between Balinese kingdoms in the island's south were exploited by the Dutch to increase their control.

 

In June 1860 the famous Welsh naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, travelled to Bali from Singapore, landing at Buleleng on the northcoast of the island. Wallace's trip to Bali was instrumental in helping him devise his Wallace Line theory. The Wallace Line is a faunal boundary that runs through the strait between Bali and Lombok. It has been found to be a boundary between species of Asiatic origin in the east and a mixture of Australian and Asian species to the west. In his travel memoir The Malay Archipelago, Wallace wrote of his experience in Bali:

 

I was both astonished and delighted; for as my visit to Java was some years later, I had never beheld so beautiful and well-cultivated a district out of Europe. A slightly undulating plain extends from the seacoast about ten or twelve miles inland, where it is bounded by a fine range of wooded and cultivated hills. Houses and villages, marked out by dense clumps of coconut palms, tamarind and other fruit trees, are dotted about in every direction; while between them extend luxurious rice-grounds, watered by an elaborate system of irrigation that would be the pride of the best cultivated parts of Europe.

 

The Dutch mounted large naval and ground assaults at the Sanur region in 1906 and were met by the thousands of members of the royal family and their followers who fought against the superior Dutch force in a suicidal puputan defensive assault rather than face the humiliation of surrender. Despite Dutch demands for surrender, an estimated 200 Balinese marched to their death against the invaders. In the Dutch intervention in Bali, a similar massacre occurred in the face of a Dutch assault in Klungkung.

 

AFTERWARD THE DUTCH GOVERNORS

exercised administrative control over the island, but local control over religion and culture generally remained intact. Dutch rule over Bali came later and was never as well established as in other parts of Indonesia such as Java and Maluku.

 

n the 1930s, anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, artists Miguel Covarrubias and Walter Spies, and musicologist Colin McPhee all spent time here. Their accounts of the island and its peoples created a western image of Bali as "an enchanted land of aesthetes at peace with themselves and nature." Western tourists began to visit the island.

 

Imperial Japan occupied Bali during World War II. It was not originally a target in their Netherlands East Indies Campaign, but as the airfields on Borneo were inoperative due to heavy rains, the Imperial Japanese Army decided to occupy Bali, which did not suffer from comparable weather. The island had no regular Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) troops. There was only a Native Auxiliary Corps Prajoda (Korps Prajoda) consisting of about 600 native soldiers and several Dutch KNIL officers under command of KNIL Lieutenant Colonel W.P. Roodenburg. On 19 February 1942 the Japanese forces landed near the town of Senoer [Senur]. The island was quickly captured.

 

During the Japanese occupation, a Balinese military officer, Gusti Ngurah Rai, formed a Balinese 'freedom army'. The harshness of war requisitions made Japanese rule more resented than Dutch rule. Following Japan's Pacific surrender in August 1945, the Dutch returned to Indonesia, including Bali, to reinstate their pre-war colonial administration. This was resisted by the Balinese rebels, who now used recovered Japanese weapons. On 20 November 1946, the Battle of Marga was fought in Tabanan in central Bali. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, by then 29 years old, finally rallied his forces in east Bali at Marga Rana, where they made a suicide attack on the heavily armed Dutch. The Balinese battalion was entirely wiped out, breaking the last thread of Balinese military resistance.

 

INDIPENDENCE FROM THE DUTCH

In 1946, the Dutch constituted Bali as one of the 13 administrative districts of the newly proclaimed State of East Indonesia, a rival state to the Republic of Indonesia, which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali was included in the "Republic of the United States of Indonesia" when the Netherlands recognised Indonesian independence on 29 December 1949.

 

CONTEMPORARY

The 1963 eruption of Mount Agung killed thousands, created economic havoc and forced many displaced Balinese to be transmigrated to other parts of Indonesia. Mirroring the widening of social divisions across Indonesia in the 1950s and early 1960s, Bali saw conflict between supporters of the traditional caste system, and those rejecting this system. Politically, the opposition was represented by supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI), with tensions and ill-feeling further increased by the PKI's land reform programs. An attempted coup in Jakarta was put down by forces led by General Suharto.

 

The army became the dominant power as it instigated a violent anti-communist purge, in which the army blamed the PKI for the coup. Most estimates suggest that at least 500,000 people were killed across Indonesia, with an estimated 80,000 killed in Bali, equivalent to 5% of the island's population. With no Islamic forces involved as in Java and Sumatra, upper-caste PNI landlords led the extermination of PKI members.

 

As a result of the 1965/66 upheavals, Suharto was able to manoeuvre Sukarno out of the presidency. His "New Order" government reestablished relations with western countries. The pre-War Bali as "paradise" was revived in a modern form. The resulting large growth in tourism has led to a dramatic increase in Balinese standards of living and significant foreign exchange earned for the country. A bombing in 2002 by militant Islamists in the tourist area of Kuta killed 202 people, mostly foreigners. This attack, and another in 2005, severely reduced tourism, producing much economic hardship to the island.

 

GEOGRAPHY

The island of Bali lies 3.2 km east of Java, and is approximately 8 degrees south of the equator. Bali and Java are separated by the Bali Strait. East to west, the island is approximately 153 km wide and spans approximately 112 km north to south; administratively it covers 5,780 km2, or 5,577 km2 without Nusa Penida District, its population density is roughly 750 people/km2.

 

Bali's central mountains include several peaks over 3,000 metres in elevation. The highest is Mount Agung (3,031 m), known as the "mother mountain" which is an active volcano rated as one of the world's most likely sites for a massive eruption within the next 100 years. Mountains range from centre to the eastern side, with Mount Agung the easternmost peak. Bali's volcanic nature has contributed to its exceptional fertility and its tall mountain ranges provide the high rainfall that supports the highly productive agriculture sector. South of the mountains is a broad, steadily descending area where most of Bali's large rice crop is grown. The northern side of the mountains slopes more steeply to the sea and is the main coffee producing area of the island, along with rice, vegetables and cattle. The longest river, Ayung River, flows approximately 75 km.

 

The island is surrounded by coral reefs. Beaches in the south tend to have white sand while those in the north and west have black sand. Bali has no major waterways, although the Ho River is navigable by small sampan boats. Black sand beaches between Pasut and Klatingdukuh are being developed for tourism, but apart from the seaside temple of Tanah Lot, they are not yet used for significant tourism.

 

The largest city is the provincial capital, Denpasar, near the southern coast. Its population is around 491,500 (2002). Bali's second-largest city is the old colonial capital, Singaraja, which is located on the north coast and is home to around 100,000 people. Other important cities include the beach resort, Kuta, which is practically part of Denpasar's urban area, and Ubud, situated at the north of Denpasar, is the island's cultural centre.

 

Three small islands lie to the immediate south east and all are administratively part of the Klungkung regency of Bali: Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan. These islands are separated from Bali by the Badung Strait.

 

To the east, the Lombok Strait separates Bali from Lombok and marks the biogeographical division between the fauna of the Indomalayan ecozone and the distinctly different fauna of Australasia. The transition is known as the Wallace Line, named after Alfred Russel Wallace, who first proposed a transition zone between these two major biomes. When sea levels dropped during the Pleistocene ice age, Bali was connected to Java and Sumatra and to the mainland of Asia and shared the Asian fauna, but the deep water of the Lombok Strait continued to keep Lombok Island and the Lesser Sunda archipelago isolated.

 

CLIMATE

Being just 8 degrees south of the equator, Bali has a fairly even climate year round.

 

Day time temperatures at low elevations vary between 20-33⁰ C although it can be much cooler than that in the mountains. The west monsoon is in place from approximately October to April and this can bring significant rain, particularly from December to March. Outside of the monsoon period, humidity is relatively low and any rain unlikely in lowland areas.

 

ECOLOGY

Bali lies just to the west of the Wallace Line, and thus has a fauna that is Asian in character, with very little Australasian influence, and has more in common with Java than with Lombok. An exception is the yellow-crested cockatoo, a member of a primarily Australasian family. There are around 280 species of birds, including the critically endangered Bali myna, which is endemic. Others Include barn swallow, black-naped oriole, black racket-tailed treepie, crested serpent-eagle, crested treeswift, dollarbird, Java sparrow, lesser adjutant, long-tailed shrike, milky stork, Pacific swallow, red-rumped swallow, sacred kingfisher, sea eagle, woodswallow, savanna nightjar, stork-billed kingfisher, yellow-vented bulbul and great egret.

 

Until the early 20th century, Bali was home to several large mammals: the wild banteng, leopard and the endemic Bali tiger. The banteng still occurs in its domestic form, whereas leopards are found only in neighbouring Java, and the Bali tiger is extinct. The last definite record of a tiger on Bali dates from 1937, when one was shot, though the subspecies may have survived until the 1940s or 1950s. The relatively small size of the island, conflict with humans, poaching and habitat reduction drove the Bali tiger to extinction. This was the smallest and rarest of all tiger subspecies and was never caught on film or displayed in zoos, whereas few skins or bones remain in museums around the world. Today, the largest mammals are the Javan rusa deer and the wild boar. A second, smaller species of deer, the Indian muntjac, also occurs. Saltwater crocodiles were once present on the island, but became locally extinct sometime during the last century.

 

Squirrels are quite commonly encountered, less often is the Asian palm civet, which is also kept in coffee farms to produce Kopi Luwak. Bats are well represented, perhaps the most famous place to encounter them remaining the Goa Lawah (Temple of the Bats) where they are worshipped by the locals and also constitute a tourist attraction. They also occur in other cave temples, for instance at Gangga Beach. Two species of monkey occur. The crab-eating macaque, known locally as "kera", is quite common around human settlements and temples, where it becomes accustomed to being fed by humans, particularly in any of the three "monkey forest" temples, such as the popular one in the Ubud area. They are also quite often kept as pets by locals. The second monkey, endemic to Java and some surrounding islands such as Bali, is far rarer and more elusive is the Javan langur, locally known as "lutung". They occur in few places apart from the Bali Barat National Park. They are born an orange colour, though by their first year they would have already changed to a more blackish colouration. In Java however, there is more of a tendency for this species to retain its juvenile orange colour into adulthood, and so you can see a mixture of black and orange monkeys together as a family. Other rarer mammals include the leopard cat, Sunda pangolin and black giant squirrel.

 

Snakes include the king cobra and reticulated python. The water monitor can grow to at least 1.5 m in length and 50 kg and can move quickly.

 

The rich coral reefs around the coast, particularly around popular diving spots such as Tulamben, Amed, Menjangan or neighbouring Nusa Penida, host a wide range of marine life, for instance hawksbill turtle, giant sunfish, giant manta ray, giant moray eel, bumphead parrotfish, hammerhead shark, reef shark, barracuda, and sea snakes. Dolphins are commonly encountered on the north coast near Singaraja and Lovina.

 

A team of scientists conducted a survey from 29 April 2011 to 11 May 2011 at 33 sea sites around Bali. They discovered 952 species of reef fish of which 8 were new discoveries at Pemuteran, Gilimanuk, Nusa Dua, Tulamben and Candidasa, and 393 coral species, including two new ones at Padangbai and between Padangbai and Amed. The average coverage level of healthy coral was 36% (better than in Raja Ampat and Halmahera by 29% or in Fakfak and Kaimana by 25%) with the highest coverage found in Gili Selang and Gili Mimpang in Candidasa, Karangasem regency.

 

Many plants have been introduced by humans within the last centuries, particularly since the 20th century, making it sometimes hard to distinguish what plants are really native.[citation needed] Among the larger trees the most common are: banyan trees, jackfruit, coconuts, bamboo species, acacia trees and also endless rows of coconuts and banana species. Numerous flowers can be seen: hibiscus, frangipani, bougainvillea, poinsettia, oleander, jasmine, water lily, lotus, roses, begonias, orchids and hydrangeas exist. On higher grounds that receive more moisture, for instance around Kintamani, certain species of fern trees, mushrooms and even pine trees thrive well. Rice comes in many varieties. Other plants with agricultural value include: salak, mangosteen, corn, kintamani orange, coffee and water spinach.

 

ENVIRONMENT

Some of the worst erosion has occurred in Lebih Beach, where up to 7 metres of land is lost every year. Decades ago, this beach was used for holy pilgrimages with more than 10,000 people, but they have now moved to Masceti Beach.

 

From ranked third in previous review, in 2010 Bali got score 99.65 of Indonesia's environmental quality index and the highest of all the 33 provinces. The score measured 3 water quality parameters: the level of total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).

 

Because of over-exploitation by the tourist industry which covers a massive land area, 200 out of 400 rivers on the island have dried up and based on research, the southern part of Bali would face a water shortage up to 2,500 litres of clean water per second by 2015. To ease the shortage, the central government plans to build a water catchment and processing facility at Petanu River in Gianyar. The 300 litres capacity of water per second will be channelled to Denpasar, Badung and Gianyar in 2013.

 

ECONOMY

Three decades ago, the Balinese economy was largely agriculture-based in terms of both output and employment. Tourism is now the largest single industry in terms of income, and as a result, Bali is one of Indonesia's wealthiest regions. In 2003, around 80% of Bali's economy was tourism related. By end of June 2011, non-performing loan of all banks in Bali were 2.23%, lower than the average of Indonesian banking industry non-performing loan (about 5%). The economy, however, suffered significantly as a result of the terrorist bombings 2002 and 2005. The tourism industry has since recovered from these events.

 

AGRICULTURE

Although tourism produces the GDP's largest output, agriculture is still the island's biggest employer; most notably rice cultivation. Crops grown in smaller amounts include fruit, vegetables, Coffea arabica and other cash and subsistence crops. Fishing also provides a significant number of jobs. Bali is also famous for its artisans who produce a vast array of handicrafts, including batik and ikat cloth and clothing, wooden carvings, stone carvings, painted art and silverware. Notably, individual villages typically adopt a single product, such as wind chimes or wooden furniture.

 

The Arabica coffee production region is the highland region of Kintamani near Mount Batur. Generally, Balinese coffee is processed using the wet method. This results in a sweet, soft coffee with good consistency. Typical flavours include lemon and other citrus notes. Many coffee farmers in Kintamani are members of a traditional farming system called Subak Abian, which is based on the Hindu philosophy of "Tri Hita Karana". According to this philosophy, the three causes of happiness are good relations with God, other people and the environment. The Subak Abian system is ideally suited to the production of fair trade and organic coffee production. Arabica coffee from Kintamani is the first product in Indonesia to request a Geographical Indication.

 

TOURISM

The tourism industry is primarily focused in the south, while significant in the other parts of the island as well. The main tourist locations are the town of Kuta (with its beach), and its outer suburbs of Legian and Seminyak (which were once independent townships), the east coast town of Sanur (once the only tourist hub), in the center of the island Ubud, to the south of the Ngurah Rai International Airport, Jimbaran, and the newer development of Nusa Dua and Pecatu.

 

The American government lifted its travel warnings in 2008. The Australian government issued an advice on Friday, 4 May 2012. The overall level of the advice was lowered to 'Exercise a high degree of caution'. The Swedish government issued a new warning on Sunday, 10 June 2012 because of one more tourist who was killed by methanol poisoning. Australia last issued an advice on Monday, 5 January 2015 due to new terrorist threats.

 

An offshoot of tourism is the growing real estate industry. Bali real estate has been rapidly developing in the main tourist areas of Kuta, Legian, Seminyak and Oberoi. Most recently, high-end 5 star projects are under development on the Bukit peninsula, on the south side of the island. Million dollar villas are being developed along the cliff sides of south Bali, commanding panoramic ocean views. Foreign and domestic (many Jakarta individuals and companies are fairly active) investment into other areas of the island also continues to grow. Land prices, despite the worldwide economic crisis, have remained stable.

 

In the last half of 2008, Indonesia's currency had dropped approximately 30% against the US dollar, providing many overseas visitors value for their currencies. Visitor arrivals for 2009 were forecast to drop 8% (which would be higher than 2007 levels), due to the worldwide economic crisis which has also affected the global tourist industry, but not due to any travel warnings.

 

Bali's tourism economy survived the terrorist bombings of 2002 and 2005, and the tourism industry has in fact slowly recovered and surpassed its pre-terrorist bombing levels; the longterm trend has been a steady increase of visitor arrivals. In 2010, Bali received 2.57 million foreign tourists, which surpassed the target of 2.0–2.3 million tourists. The average occupancy of starred hotels achieved 65%, so the island is still able to accommodate tourists for some years without any addition of new rooms/hotels, although at the peak season some of them are fully booked.

 

Bali received the Best Island award from Travel and Leisure in 2010. The island of Bali won because of its attractive surroundings (both mountain and coastal areas), diverse tourist attractions, excellent international and local restaurants, and the friendliness of the local people. According to BBC Travel released in 2011, Bali is one of the World's Best Islands, ranking second after Santorini, Greece.

 

In August 2010, the film Eat Pray Love was released in theatres. The movie was based on Elizabeth Gilbert's best-selling memoir Eat, Pray, Love. It took place at Ubud and Padang-Padang Beach at Bali. The 2006 book, which spent 57 weeks at the No. 1 spot on the New York Times paperback nonfiction best-seller list, had already fuelled a boom in Eat, Pray, Love-related tourism in Ubud, the hill town and cultural and tourist center that was the focus of Gilbert's quest for balance through traditional spirituality and healing that leads to love.

 

In January 2016, after music icon David Bowie died, it was revealed that in his will, Bowie asked for his ashes to be scattered in Bali, conforming to Buddhist rituals. He had visited and performed in a number of Southest Asian cities early in his career, including Bangkok and Singapore.

 

Since 2011, China has displaced Japan as the second-largest supplier of tourists to Bali, while Australia still tops the list. Chinese tourists increased by 17% from last year due to the impact of ACFTA and new direct flights to Bali. In January 2012, Chinese tourists year on year (yoy) increased by 222.18% compared to January 2011, while Japanese tourists declined by 23.54% yoy.

 

Bali reported that it has 2.88 million foreign tourists and 5 million domestic tourists in 2012, marginally surpassing the expectations of 2.8 million foreign tourists. Forecasts for 2013 are at 3.1 million.

 

Based on Bank Indonesia survey in May 2013, 34.39 percent of tourists are upper-middle class with spending between $1,286 to $5,592 and dominated by Australia, France, China, Germany and the US with some China tourists move from low spending before to higher spending currently. While 30.26 percent are middle class with spending between $662 to $1,285.

 

SEX TOURISM

In the twentieth century the incidence of tourism specifically for sex was regularly observed in the era of mass tourism in Indonesia In Bali, prostitution is conducted by both men and women. Bali in particular is notorious for its 'Kuta Cowboys', local gigolos targeting foreign female tourists.

 

Tens of thousands of single women throng the beaches of Bali in Indonesia every year. For decades, young Balinese men have taken advantage of the louche and laid-back atmosphere to find love and lucre from female tourists—Japanese, European and Australian for the most part—who by all accounts seem perfectly happy with the arrangement.

 

By 2013, Indonesia was reportedly the number one destination for Australian child sex tourists, mostly starting in Bali but also travelling to other parts of the country. The problem in Bali was highlighted by Luh Ketut Suryani, head of Psychiatry at Udayana University, as early as 2003. Surayani warned that a low level of awareness of paedophilia in Bali had made it the target of international paedophile organisations. On 19 February 2013, government officials announced measures to combat paedophilia in Bali.

 

TRANSPORTATION

The Ngurah Rai International Airport is located near Jimbaran, on the isthmus at the southernmost part of the island. Lt.Col. Wisnu Airfield is found in north-west Bali.

 

A coastal road circles the island, and three major two-lane arteries cross the central mountains at passes reaching to 1,750m in height (at Penelokan). The Ngurah Rai Bypass is a four-lane expressway that partly encircles Denpasar. Bali has no railway lines.

 

In December 2010 the Government of Indonesia invited investors to build a new Tanah Ampo Cruise Terminal at Karangasem, Bali with a projected worth of $30 million. On 17 July 2011 the first cruise ship (Sun Princess) anchored about 400 meters away from the wharf of Tanah Ampo harbour. The current pier is only 154 meters but will eventually be extended to 300–350 meters to accommodate international cruise ships. The harbour here is safer than the existing facility at Benoa and has a scenic backdrop of east Bali mountains and green rice fields. The tender for improvement was subject to delays, and as of July 2013 the situation remained unclear with cruise line operators complaining and even refusing to use the existing facility at Tanah Ampo.

 

A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by two ministers, Bali's Governor and Indonesian Train Company to build 565 kilometres of railway along the coast around the island. As of July 2015, no details of this proposed railways have been released.

 

On 16 March 2011 (Tanjung) Benoa port received the "Best Port Welcome 2010" award from London's "Dream World Cruise Destination" magazine. Government plans to expand the role of Benoa port as export-import port to boost Bali's trade and industry sector. The Tourism and Creative Economy Ministry has confirmed that 306 cruise liners are heading for Indonesia in 2013 – an increase of 43 percent compared to the previous year.

 

In May 2011, an integrated Areal Traffic Control System (ATCS) was implemented to reduce traffic jams at four crossing points: Ngurah Rai statue, Dewa Ruci Kuta crossing, Jimbaran crossing and Sanur crossing. ATCS is an integrated system connecting all traffic lights, CCTVs and other traffic signals with a monitoring office at the police headquarters. It has successfully been implemented in other ASEAN countries and will be implemented at other crossings in Bali.

 

On 21 December 2011 construction started on the Nusa Dua-Benoa-Ngurah Rai International Airport toll road which will also provide a special lane for motorcycles. This has been done by seven state-owned enterprises led by PT Jasa Marga with 60% of shares. PT Jasa Marga Bali Tol will construct the 9.91 kilometres toll road (totally 12.7 kilometres with access road). The construction is estimated to cost Rp.2.49 trillion ($273.9 million). The project goes through 2 kilometres of mangrove forest and through 2.3 kilometres of beach, both within 5.4 hectares area. The elevated toll road is built over the mangrove forest on 18,000 concrete pillars which occupied 2 hectares of mangroves forest. It compensated by new planting of 300,000 mangrove trees along the road. On 21 December 2011 the Dewa Ruci 450 meters underpass has also started on the busy Dewa Ruci junction near Bali Kuta Galeria with an estimated cost of Rp136 billion ($14.9 million) from the state budget. On 23 September 2013, the Bali Mandara Toll Road is opened and the Dewa Ruci Junction (Simpang Siur) underpass is opened before. Both are ease the heavy traffic congestion.

 

To solve chronic traffic problems, the province will also build a toll road connecting Serangan with Tohpati, a toll road connecting Kuta, Denpasar and Tohpati and a flyover connecting Kuta and Ngurah Rai Airport.

 

DEMOGRAPHICS

The population of Bali was 3,890,757 as of the 2010 Census; the latest estimate (for January 2014) is 4,225,384. There are an estimated 30,000 expatriates living in Bali.

 

ETHNIC ORIGINS

A DNA study in 2005 by Karafet et al. found that 12% of Balinese Y-chromosomes are of likely Indian origin, while 84% are of likely Austronesian origin, and 2% of likely Melanesian origin. The study does not correlate the DNA samples to the Balinese caste system.

 

CASTE SYSTEM

Bali has a caste system based on the Indian Hindu model, with four castes:

 

- Sudra (Shudra) – peasants constituting close to 93% of Bali's population.

- Wesia (Vaishyas) – the caste of merchants and administrative officials

- Ksatrias (Kshatriyas) – the kingly and warrior caste

- Brahmana (Bramhin) – holy men and priests

 

RELIGION

Unlike most of Muslim-majority Indonesia, about 83.5% of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, formed as a combination of existing local beliefs and Hindu influences from mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. Minority religions include Islam (13.3%), Christianity (1.7%), and Buddhism (0.5%). These figures do not include immigrants from other parts of Indonesia.

 

Balinese Hinduism is an amalgam in which gods and demigods are worshipped together with Buddhist heroes, the spirits of ancestors, indigenous agricultural deities and sacred places. Religion as it is practised in Bali is a composite belief system that embraces not only theology, philosophy, and mythology, but ancestor worship, animism and magic. It pervades nearly every aspect of traditional life. Caste is observed, though less strictly than in India. With an estimated 20,000 puras (temples) and shrines, Bali is known as the "Island of a Thousand Puras", or "Island of the Gods". This is refer to Mahabarata story that behind Bali became island of god or "pulau dewata" in Indonesian language.

 

Balinese Hinduism has roots in Indian Hinduism and Buddhism, and adopted the animistic traditions of the indigenous people. This influence strengthened the belief that the gods and goddesses are present in all things. Every element of nature, therefore, possesses its own power, which reflects the power of the gods. A rock, tree, dagger, or woven cloth is a potential home for spirits whose energy can be directed for good or evil. Balinese Hinduism is deeply interwoven with art and ritual. Ritualizing states of self-control are a notable feature of religious expression among the people, who for this reason have become famous for their graceful and decorous behaviour.

 

Apart from the majority of Balinese Hindus, there also exist Chinese immigrants whose traditions have melded with that of the locals. As a result, these Sino-Balinese not only embrace their original religion, which is a mixture of Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism and Confucianism, but also find a way to harmonise it with the local traditions. Hence, it is not uncommon to find local Sino-Balinese during the local temple's odalan. Moreover, Balinese Hindu priests are invited to perform rites alongside a Chinese priest in the event of the death of a Sino-Balinese. Nevertheless, the Sino-Balinese claim to embrace Buddhism for administrative purposes, such as their Identity Cards.

 

LANGUAGE

Balinese and Indonesian are the most widely spoken languages in Bali, and the vast majority of Balinese people are bilingual or trilingual. The most common spoken language around the tourist areas is Indonesian, as many people in the tourist sector are not solely Balinese, but migrants from Java, Lombok, Sumatra, and other parts of Indonesia. There are several indigenous Balinese languages, but most Balinese can also use the most widely spoken option: modern common Balinese. The usage of different Balinese languages was traditionally determined by the Balinese caste system and by clan membership, but this tradition is diminishing. Kawi and Sanskrit are also commonly used by some Hindu priests in Bali, for Hinduism literature was mostly written in Sanskrit.

 

English and Chinese are the next most common languages (and the primary foreign languages) of many Balinese, owing to the requirements of the tourism industry, as well as the English-speaking community and huge Chinese-Indonesian population. Other foreign languages, such as Japanese, Korean, French, Russian or German are often used in multilingual signs for foreign tourists.

 

CULTURE

Bali is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated art forms, such as painting, sculpture, woodcarving, handcrafts, and performing arts. Balinese cuisine is also distinctive. Balinese percussion orchestra music, known as gamelan, is highly developed and varied. Balinese performing arts often portray stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana but with heavy Balinese influence. Famous Balinese dances include pendet, legong, baris, topeng, barong, gong keybar, and kecak (the monkey dance). Bali boasts one of the most diverse and innovative performing arts cultures in the world, with paid performances at thousands of temple festivals, private ceremonies, or public shows.

 

The Hindu New Year, Nyepi, is celebrated in the spring by a day of silence. On this day everyone stays at home and tourists are encouraged to remain in their hotels. On the day before New Year, large and colourful sculptures of ogoh-ogoh monsters are paraded and finally burned in the evening to drive away evil spirits. Other festivals throughout the year are specified by the Balinese pawukon calendrical system.

 

Celebrations are held for many occasions such as a tooth-filing (coming-of-age ritual), cremation or odalan (temple festival). One of the most important concepts that Balinese ceremonies have in common is that of désa kala patra, which refers to how ritual performances must be appropriate in both the specific and general social context. Many of the ceremonial art forms such as wayang kulit and topeng are highly improvisatory, providing flexibility for the performer to adapt the performance to the current situation. Many celebrations call for a loud, boisterous atmosphere with lots of activity and the resulting aesthetic, ramé, is distinctively Balinese. Often two or more gamelan ensembles will be performing well within earshot, and sometimes compete with each other to be heard. Likewise, the audience members talk amongst themselves, get up and walk around, or even cheer on the performance, which adds to the many layers of activity and the liveliness typical of ramé.

 

Kaja and kelod are the Balinese equivalents of North and South, which refer to ones orientation between the island's largest mountain Gunung Agung (kaja), and the sea (kelod). In addition to spatial orientation, kaja and kelod have the connotation of good and evil; gods and ancestors are believed to live on the mountain whereas demons live in the sea. Buildings such as temples and residential homes are spatially oriented by having the most sacred spaces closest to the mountain and the unclean places nearest to the sea.

 

Most temples have an inner courtyard and an outer courtyard which are arranged with the inner courtyard furthest kaja. These spaces serve as performance venues since most Balinese rituals are accompanied by any combination of music, dance and drama. The performances that take place in the inner courtyard are classified as wali, the most sacred rituals which are offerings exclusively for the gods, while the outer courtyard is where bebali ceremonies are held, which are intended for gods and people. Lastly, performances meant solely for the entertainment of humans take place outside the walls of the temple and are called bali-balihan. This three-tiered system of classification was standardised in 1971 by a committee of Balinese officials and artists to better protect the sanctity of the oldest and most sacred Balinese rituals from being performed for a paying audience.

 

Tourism, Bali's chief industry, has provided the island with a foreign audience that is eager to pay for entertainment, thus creating new performance opportunities and more demand for performers. The impact of tourism is controversial since before it became integrated into the economy, the Balinese performing arts did not exist as a capitalist venture, and were not performed for entertainment outside of their respective ritual context. Since the 1930s sacred rituals such as the barong dance have been performed both in their original contexts, as well as exclusively for paying tourists. This has led to new versions of many of these performances which have developed according to the preferences of foreign audiences; some villages have a barong mask specifically for non-ritual performances as well as an older mask which is only used for sacred performances.

 

Balinese society continues to revolve around each family's ancestral village, to which the cycle of life and religion is closely tied. Coercive aspects of traditional society, such as customary law sanctions imposed by traditional authorities such as village councils (including "kasepekang", or shunning) have risen in importance as a consequence of the democratisation and decentralisation of Indonesia since 1998.

 

WIKIPEDIA

Looking east down Marktgasse to Marienkapelle.

 

"Würzburg (German: [ˈvʏʁtsbʊʁk]; Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is, after Nuremberg and Fürth, the third-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main river.

 

Würzburg is situated approximately approximately 110 km west-northwest of Nuremberg and 120 km east-southeast of Frankfurt am Main. The population as of 2019 is approximately 130,000 residents.

 

The regional dialect is East Franconian German.

 

On 16 March 1945, about 90% of the city was destroyed in 17 minutes by firebombing from 225 British Lancaster bombers during a World War II air raid. Würzburg became a target for its role as a traffic hub and to break the spirit of the population.

 

All of the city's churches, cathedrals, and other monuments were heavily damaged or destroyed. The city centre, which mostly dated from medieval times, was destroyed in a firestorm in which 5,000 people perished.

 

Over the next 20 years, the buildings of historical importance were painstakingly and accurately reconstructed. The citizens who rebuilt the city immediately after the end of the war were mostly women – Trümmerfrauen ("rubble women") – because the men were either dead or still prisoners of war. On a relative scale, Würzburg was destroyed to a larger extent than was Dresden in a firebombing the previous month.

 

Würzburg spans the banks of the river Main in the region of Lower Franconia in the north of the state of Bavaria, Germany. The heart of the town is on the locally eastern (right) bank. The town is enclosed by the Landkreis Würzburg but is not a part of it.

 

Würzburg covers an area of 87.6 square kilometres and lies at an altitude of around 177 metres.

 

Of the total municipal area, in 2007, building area accounted for 30%, followed by agricultural land (27.9%), forestry/wood (15.5%), green spaces (12.7%), traffic (5.4%), water (1.2%) and others (7.3%).

 

The centre of Würzburg is surrounded by hills. To the west lies the 266-meter Marienberg and the Nikolausberg (359 m) to the south of it. The Main flows through Würzburg from the southeast to the northwest.

 

Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).

 

After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government regions (German: Regierungsbezirke, singular Regierungsbezirk), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers.

 

In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol, addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise was reduced to 8. One of these was the Untermainkreis (Lower Main District). In 1837 king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of the area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the name Untermainkreis changed to Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, but the city name was dropped in the middle of the 20th century, leaving just Lower Franconia.

 

From 1933, the regional Nazi Gauleiter, Otto Hellmuth, (who had renamed his party Gau "Mainfranken") insisted on renaming the government district Mainfranken as well. He encountered resistance from Bavarian state authorities but finally succeeded in having the name of the district changed, effective 1 June 1938. After 1945 the name Unterfranken was restored.

 

Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).

 

Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.

 

Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.

 

Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.

 

The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.

 

Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.

 

Now on Instagram.

 

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon or donate.

Le Manneken Pis, de son nom en dialecte brusseleer (bruxellois) Menneke Pis signifiant « le môme qui pisse », aussi connu sous le nom de Petit Julien, est une statue en bronze d'une cinquantaine de centimètres qui est en fait une fontaine représentant un petit garçon en train d'uriner. Elle est située au cœur de Bruxelles, dans le quartier Saint-Jacques, à deux pas de la Grand-Place, à l'intersection des rues « de l'Etuve » et « du Chêne ». Cette statue est le symbole de l'indépendance d'esprit des Bruxellois.

 

La statuette, en bronze, aurait été commandée en 1619 à Jérôme Duquesnoy l'ancien (1570-1641), grand sculpteur bruxellois de l'époque, père de Jérôme Duquesnoy le jeune et François Duquesnoy. Celle-ci fut protégée par les Bruxellois lors du siège de la ville par les Français en 1695. La statue actuelle serait une réplique, l'original ayant disparu dans les années 1960.

Translated from local Inkaneep native dialect, Osoyoos means, where the water narrows, or sand bar across. The dry, sunny climate and long growing season make the South Okanagan the fruit basket of Canada, with Osoyoos as its capital city. Cherries, plums, apricots, peaches, apples, grapes... even bananas!

 

Cannon EOS 5D Mark II + EF100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM @ 400 mm, ISO 400

Schweighouse-sur-Moder (en allemand Schweighausen, prononcé en dialecte local "Schweighüse") est une commune française, située dans le département du Bas-Rhin et la région Alsace. Avant le 8 septembre 1949, la commune se nommait officiellement Schweighausen. Le 5 mars 1949, son conseil municipal ayant décrété que ce nom sonnait "trop allemand", pris la résolution de changer la dénomination du village en "Schweighouse-sur-Moder". Outre la question de la sonorité allemande, une raison invoquée fut reliée à un projet de création d'un grand cimetière national français sur le territoire de la commune, et au fait que l'orthographe "Schweighausen" aurait pu poser des problèmes aux visiteurs de l'intérieur, en raison de la présence d'une commune homonyme en Haute-Alsace. Néanmoins, ce projet de cimetière tomba aux oubliettes, et le nom resta comme il est aujourd'hui.

 

Le nom peut être décomposé en deux termes allemands : "Schweige ", à savoir "bétail" et "Haus ", à savoir "maison, demeure". En moyen haut-allemand, le pluriel en est "Husen " tandis que, en allemand contemporain, cela donne plutôt "Hausen ". On retrouve les différentes formes en Alsace, en plus des formes ayant résulté des différents processus de francisation : "House " ou "Hause ". Orthographié "Schweighouse" ou "Schweighausen", le nom du village peut se traduire par "maisons au bétail" (au pluriel).

 

Le village a un homonyme dans le Haut-Rhin : Schweighouse-Thann.

 

Les armes de Schweighouse-sur-Moder se blasonnent ainsi : « de sinople à la tour crénelée d'or maçonnée de sable ».

 

Source wikipedia