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The famous Dorset poet wrote in his native dialect. He stands proud in stone outside this fine church in Dorchester. Camera: Contax G2.
Italy. Florence - Firenze.
Orsanmichele (or "Kitchen Garden of St. Michael", from the contraction in Tuscan dialect of the Italian word orto) is a church in the Italian city of Florence. The building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele, which is now gone.
Located on the Via Calzaiuoli in Florence, the church was originally built as a grain market in 1337 by Francesco Talenti, Neri di Fioravante, and Benci di Cione. Between 1380 and 1404 it was converted into a church used as the chapel of Florence's powerful craft and trade guilds. On the ground floor of the square building are the 13th-century arches that originally formed the loggia of the grain market. The second floor was devoted to offices, while the third housed one of the city's municipal grain storehouses, maintained to withstand famine or siege. Late in the 14th century, the guilds were charged by the city to commission statues of their patron saints to embellish the facades of the church. The sculptures seen today are copies, the originals having been removed to museums
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsanmichele
Lots of fresco work and fragments, mostly of Saints and worthies on columns and in the quadrants of the six domes, all by Jacopo dal Casentino.
Italy. Florence - Firenze.
Orsanmichele (or "Kitchen Garden of St. Michael", from the contraction in Tuscan dialect of the Italian word orto) is a church in the Italian city of Florence. The building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele, which is now gone.
Located on the Via Calzaiuoli in Florence, the church was originally built as a grain market in 1337 by Francesco Talenti, Neri di Fioravante, and Benci di Cione. Between 1380 and 1404 it was converted into a church used as the chapel of Florence's powerful craft and trade guilds. On the ground floor of the square building are the 13th-century arches that originally formed the loggia of the grain market. The second floor was devoted to offices, while the third housed one of the city's municipal grain storehouses, maintained to withstand famine or siege. Late in the 14th century, the guilds were charged by the city to commission statues of their patron saints to embellish the facades of the church. The sculptures seen today are copies, the originals having been removed to museums
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsanmichele
The Società Dantesca Italiana officially came into existence in Florence on July 31st. 1888 in the "Sala di Leone X" in Palazzo Vecchio, where its founding statute was approved and where Pietro Torrigiani, the mayor of Florence, was nominated provisional (and subsequently honorary) President.
In 1904, came the purchase of the Palagio dell’Arte della Lana, a building which is architecturally linked to the national monument of Orsanmichele. In the Palagio the public and scholarly activities of the Society have taken place and they still do so.
Chulachomklao of Siam Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, B.E.2436 (1893)
The errata
"Pāḷi" is an old Indian dialect of the mass, spoken in the Indian Subcontinent over 3,000 years ago. During the lifetime of the Buddha, Pāḷi was the Dhamma-language of the Buddhist teaching and thus finally became the written medium of Buddhist scripture, the Tipiṭaka.
During an early period, Pāḷi Tipiṭaka was committed to memory and was propagated by Theravāda Buddhist monks orally from generation to generation. It was first written on palm leave some 400 years after the demise of Buddha or in the first century BC.
The first written Pāḷi Tipiṭaka took place in old Sri Lanka when the entire Tipiṭaka was inscribed on palm leaves --in Sinhalese script-- for the first time. Consequently, the Tipiṭaka on palm leave was the conventional depository of the Buddhist Theravāda scripture for over 2000 years.
In 1893, King Chulalongkorn Chulalongkorn of Siam revolutionised the traditional Buddhist depository convention --the King published the Tipiṭaka in Book-form for the first time. In stead of inscribing the sacred Pāḷi texts by hand in old Khmer script, the King ordered a new edition, totaling 39 volumes, to be printed in modern-typeface of the Siam script.
With the efficiency of printing technology of the day, such as, Western printing machinery and local book-binding in Bangkok, these newly edited Siam-script Tipiṭakas were sent as royal gifts to 260 institutes across five continents in 1896.
in 2007 Dhamma Society completed the digital preservation project of this historic set and published the digital preservation edition in 40 volumes, entitled Chulachomklao Pāḷi Tipiṭaka : A Digital Preservation Edition 2008. A version with English introduction will appear in 2009. See detail at : www.tipitakahall.net
Digital Archives from the Dhamma Society's World Tipiṭaka Project in Roman Script, 1999-2007.
Tipitaka International Council B.E.2500 (1956)
World Tipitaka Edition in Roman Scrip 1956-2005
Tipitaka Studies Reference 2007
พระไตรปิฎกปาฬิ "ฉบับจุลจอมเกล้าบรมธัมมิกมหาราช ร.ศ.112 อักษรสยาม" ชุด 39 เล่ม จัดพิมพ์โดยพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว ในปี พ.ศ. 2436 โดยใช้เวลาดำเนินการปริวรรตจากอักษรขอมและเปลี่ยนเป็นการจัดพิมพ์ด้วยเครื่องพิมพ์บทกระดาษ เป็นฉบับพิมพ์ชุดแรกของโลก
พระไตรปิฎก จปร. อักษรสยาม ได้มีการพระราชทานไปทั่วกรุงสยามและในประเทศต่างๆ ใน 5 ทวีป ทั่วโลก นับเป็นพระธัมมทานที่สำคัญยิ่งในประวัติศาสตร์พระพุทธศาสนาเถรวาท ดังเช่นที่พระเจ้าอโศกบรมธัมมิกมหาราชได้ทรงทำการสังคายานาพระไตรปิฎกในชมพูทวีปและได้ส่งพระธัมมทูตไปเผยแผ่จำนวน 9 สายในอดีต
Rangiroa (en el dialecto local Ragiroa o Ra'iroa) es un atolón de las Tuamotu, en la Polinesia Francesa. Está situado al noroeste del archipiélago, a 350 km de Tahití. Sus coordenadas son: 15°05′S 147°48′O
Es uno de los atolones más grandes del mundo, con un total de 1640 km²; de superfecie, y una laguna de 78 km de largo con una profundidad entre 20 y 35 m. El escollo está formado por 241 islotes y bancos de arena de un ancho de entre 300 y 600 m. Hay cuatro pasos entre el océano y la laguna. Los dos más importantes están al norte, junto a las villas de Avatoru y Tiputa que concentran la mayor parte de la población. Con 2.145 habitantes (censo de 1996) es el atolón más poblado de las Tuamotu. La población vive del turismo, la pesca y el cultivo de perlas negras.
Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône (France).
CASTELLANO
El río Ródano (en francés Rhône; en occitano: Ròse; Roine; en arpitano: Rôno; en alemán dialectal: Rotten) es un río de Suiza y Francia, que nace en el macizo de Furkapass (2.108 m) en los Alpes Lepontinos, (Suiza). En su curso alto corre entre los Alpes berneses al norte y los Alpes valesanos al sur, con dirección NE a SE-E y penetra en el lago Lemán. Después de salir del lago, comienza su curso medio recorriendo las estribaciones occidentales de los Alpes, gira su rumbo al confluir con el Saona, su principal afluente, y toma dirección sur pasando finalmente a través de la llanura de Languedoc y desemboca en el mar Mediterráneo en el golfo del Leon (en francés Golfe du Lion), donde forma un extenso delta.
En su curso se encuentran las ciudades de Ginebra, Lyon, Valence, Aviñón y Arlés.
Más info: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3dano
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ENGLISH
The Rhone (French: Rhône, IPA: [ʁon]; German: Rhone; Walliser German: Rotten; Italian: Rodano; Arpitan: Rôno; Occitan: Ròse) is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in Switzerland and running from there through southeastern France. At Arles, near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, the river divides into two branches, known as the Great Rhone (French: Grand Rhône) and the Little Rhone (Petit Rhône). The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region.
In French, the adjective derived from the river is rhodanien, as in le sillon rhodanien (literally "the furrow of the Rhone"), which is the name of the long, straight Saône and Rhone river valleys, a deep cleft running due south to the Mediterranean and separating the Alps from the Massif Central.
More info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhone
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La reflexión: www.santimb.com/2011/12/le-rhone.html
Blaj (Romanian pronunciation: [blaʒ]; archaically spelled as Blaş, Hungarian: Balázsfalva; German: Blasendorf; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: Blußendref) is a city in Alba County, Transylvania. It has a population of 20,758 inhabitants.
Blaj is first mentioned in 1271 as Villa Herbordi, after the deed of a Count Herbod. In 1313, the domain passed to Herbod's son Blasius Cserei. Started as a hamlet for the twenty families of servants of the noble's court, it was awarded town status on May 19, 1737.
Blaj is the principal religious and cultural center of Greek Catholics in Transylvania. The Greek Catholic Church originates from the 17th century, when Transylvania was conquered by the Habsburgs.
The first public school in Romanian language was established in Blaj in 1754. Blaj was the first place to have Romanian written with Latin alphabet instead of Cyrillic in which it had traditionally been written. Blaj was also a center for the Romanian Age of Enlightenment, being the founding site of the “Şcoala Ardeleană” society that promoted the Roman cultural heritage of the Romanians. Thus Blaj gained the nickname "The Little Rome".
The “Field of Liberty” (Romanian: Câmpia Libertǎţii) in Blaj is the symbol of Romanians’ fight for national rights. It was the place where two national assemblies of the Romanian inhabitants of Transylvania where held during the 1848 Revolution.
During the communist reign, the Greek Catholic Church was banned while priests and believers were subject to persecutions.
The “0” Kilometer Milestone is a symbol of Blaj as craddle of history.
Sources/Read More:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Church_United_with_Rome,_G...
"Cape Matapan (Greek: Κάβο Ματαπάς, or Ματαπά in the Maniot dialect), also named as Cape Tainaron (Greek: Ακρωτήριον Ταίναρον), or Cape Tenaro, is situated at the end of the Mani Peninsula, Greece. Cape Matapan is the southernmost point of mainland Greece, and the second southernmost point in mainland Europe. It separates the Messenian Gulf in the west from the Laconian Gulf in the east.
"Cape Matapan has been an important place for thousands of years. The tip of Cape Matapan was the site of the ancient town Tenarus, near which there was (and still is) a cave that Greek legends claim was the home of Hades, the god of the dead. The ancient Spartans built several temples there, dedicated to various gods. On the hill situated above the cave, lie the remnants of an ancient temple dedicated to the sea god Poseidon (Νεκρομαντεῖον Ποσειδῶνος). Under the Byzantine Empire, the temple was converted into a Christian church, and Christian rites are conducted there to this day. Cape Matapan was once the place where mercenaries waited to be employed.
"At Cape Matapan, the Titanic's would-be rescue ship, the SS Californian, was torpedoed and sunk by German forces on 9 November 1915. In March 1941, a major naval battle, the Battle of Cape Matapan, occurred off the coast of Cape Matapan, between the Royal Navy and the Italian Regia Marina, in which the British emerged victorious in a one-sided encounter. The encounter's main result was to drastically reduce future Italian naval activity in the Eastern Mediterranean.
"More recently a lighthouse was constructed, but it is now in disuse."
Source: Wikipedia
The dialect name for pineapple sounds like 'fortune comes'. These are ornamental pineapples. Only a fraction of the size of supermarket variety. My mother has a few pots in her balcony.
Laveno-Mombello ( Lavén Mumbèl in Varese dialect) is an Italian municipality of 8,405 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy . The municipality, located on the shores of Lake Maggiore , was born in 1927 from the merger of the municipalities of Laveno, Mombello on Lake Maggiore, Cerro on Lake Maggiore .
It borders to the north-east with Castelveccana , to the east with Cittiglio , to the south-east with Caravate , to the south with Leggiuno and Sangiano , and to the west with Lake Maggiore and therefore Piedmont .
It is one of the largest ports of call on the lake: in addition to the tourist port, there is a landing stage from which ferries carrying cars leave all year round for Verbania - Intra .
The center of the town is located in a large natural inlet, facing Verbania-Intra. At the northern and southern ends of the gulf there are two forts. On the north hill is Garibaldi's fort, surrounded by a park.
To the east, just above the town, is the imposing Sasso del Ferro mountain . By means of a basket lift you reach the top of the mountain, from which you can enjoy a panorama that sweeps over the lake and the pre-Alps, up to Milan .
History
In the municipality there are traces of historical settlements dating back to antiquity: in Mombello , in fact, there are traces of stilt houses dating back to 3000 BC
The name Laveno derives from that of the Roman commander Titus Labieno , who had his camp here and who had a clash with the Gauls on the Mombello hill ; from here also comes the name Mombello, "hill of battle", in Latin mons belli .
In medieval times it was a village inhabited by fishermen. The most important noble families linked to Laveno were the Visconti and the Borromeo , to whom the territory was enfeoffed, the Tinelli di Gorla, the Guilizzoni counts and the Sessa de Ceresolo , masters of the Ceresolo in Cerro hamlet. From the nineteenth century onwards it hosted the famous ceramic factories, among the largest in Europe. The factories, now closed, have nevertheless given rise to a ceramic museum, one of the most interesting museums in the city.
The municipality of Laveno-Mombello was created in 1927 by the merger of the municipalities of Cerro Lago Maggiore , Laveno and Mombello Lago Maggiore.
Symbols
The coat of arms and banner were granted by royal decree of 22 May 1933.
« Truncated : at the first in gold, at the eagle in black, with lowered flight, crowned with the same, resting on a capital, holding a bundle of lightning in its claws, loaded in the heart with a silver shield, with a crown of old-fashioned gold and surmounted by a silver star (Laveno); to the second in red, to the golden eagle, crowned with the same (Mombello). External ornaments from the Municipality.»
The banner is a blue cloth richly decorated with silver embroidery and bearing the municipal coat of arms with the inscription centered in silver: "MUNICIPALITY OF LAVENO MOMBELLO".
Monuments and places of interest
Religious architecture
The church of S. Maria in Ca' Deserta in Laveno: of remote origin, it is mentioned in a document from 1081 in which it appears to have been donated to the monastery of Cluny, together with some land. In ancient times it was dedicated, in addition to Santa Maria, also to Saints Michael and Peter. It was erected as a parish , detaching itself from the Pieve di Leggiuno , perhaps already between the 12th and 13th centuries, but in any case by the 15th century. Following the transfer of the parish title, in the 17th century, to the more central church of San Giacomo, it was progressively abandoned. Completely rebuilt in 1756 based on a design by the architect Gioachino Besozzi , it was flanked in the 19th century by the municipal cemetery. On the facade, on the sides of the entrance, there are two frescoed lunettes: the one on the right dates back to the seventeenth century and depicts Saint John the Evangelist; the one on the left, representing the Virgin, is of fourteenth-fifteenth century style and could probably belong to the ancient Romanesque church. The interior, with a single nave, stands out for the beauty and refinement of the decorations. The main altar preserves the statue of the Assumption, to which the church is dedicated; the side altars are dedicated respectively to Saint John the Baptist and the Holy Crucifix. In the churchyard in front of the church there are the aedicules of the Via Crucis which house ceramic tiles by the artist Oreste Quattrini (1990). The church serves exclusively as a cemetery.
The provost church of Saints Philip and James in Laveno (Old Church): the first information about the parish church of Laveno dates back to 1315. Originally dedicated to Saint James and, perhaps, to Saint John, it was initially a simple chapel . For convenience, as it was central to the village, it was erected as a parish at the behest of San Carlo Borromeo, but in fact there is no precise information regarding the transfer of the parish title from the church of Santa Maria to San Giacomo. The parish title appears for the first time only in 1671. The current building, dedicated to the Holy Apostles Philip and James, is the result of a series of expansions, the most important carried out in 1832 with the addition of the side nave dedicated to the Sacred Heart , on the site of the ancient oratory of the confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament. The church therefore has an asymmetrical plan, with two naves in sober neoclassical style. Inside, the organ created by the Varese native Eugenio Biroldi in 1825 and restored by the Mascioni organ house in 1986 is of great value. It is often valorised through concerts, including those of an international level, having been included for three consecutive years in the prestigious review of the Settimane Musicali of Stresa and Lake Maggiore . The church also preserves a seventeenth-century wooden statue dedicated to the Madonna del Transito and the vault frescoes created in 1907. The main altar has a beautiful wooden frontal at the base and the imposing neoclassical temple with columns with the statue of Saint John the Baptist at the top . She was elevated to the rank of provost in 1969. The ancient exposed stone bell tower, symbol of Laveno, raised in 1898 and equipped with a neo-Romanesque style belfry and conical spire, is about thirty meters high. The remarkable concert of five bells in low C was cast in 1954 by the Capanni foundry in Castelnovo ne' Monti (RE) after the removal for war reasons of the old nineteenth-century bronzes from the Mazzola foundry in Valduggia , in Valsesia .
The church of Sant'Ambrogio a Laveno (Chiesa Nuova): with its imposing size, it characterizes the panorama of the lakeside town. It was built between 1933 and 1940 based on a design by the architect Paolo Mezzanotte , but was actually completed in the sixties . Consecrated by Cardinal Ildefonso Schuster on 6 June 1940, it has a grandiose Greek cross interior with a central dome. The frescoes are by Innocente Salvini (1961), the external terracotta sculptures by Egidio Casarotti (1962).
The church of the Immaculate Conception : located near the parish church of Laveno, it dates back to 1728 and was commissioned by the noble Ferdinando Tinelli. Restored in 1980, it has a small centrally planned interior. The main altar is made of masonry, with an eighteenth-century frontal. The wooden altarpiece, shaped like a drape, contains an eighteenth-century canvas with the image of the Virgin. A crucifix is placed on the triumphal arch. Above the entrance there is a choir without an organ .
The oratory of S. Rocco : located in the historic center of Laveno, next to Villa Tinelli, it constitutes the private chapel. Dating back to the 18th century, it is a small building with an unusual octagonal plan.
The parish church of Santa Maria Ausiliatrice in the Ponte di Laveno hamlet, dating back to 1930.
The parish church of the Invention of Santo Stefano in Mombello: the church is of Romanesque origin, as attested by the descriptions of the pastoral visits of San Carlo and the stones at the base of the bell tower. It was a building with three naves of the basilica type with three frescoed apses , wider than long, in whose left nave was inserted the shaft of the current bell tower, significantly modified later. The church was rebuilt with a single nave in 1600 as attested by a plaque inside it, when it detached itself from the Leggiuno matrix and became a parish church. In 1913 it was extended towards the square and equipped with its current imposing façade , the work of Paolo Besozzi. The spacious interior preserves a splendid apse entirely frescoed in around 1612 by Giovanni Battista De Advocatis , the same one who created the frescoes in the sanctuary of Santa Caterina del Sasso. Also noteworthy is the seventeenth-century golden wooden altar, renovated at the beginning of the twentieth century. Other notable works are the Rosary Chapel, with a very spectacular baroque apparatus, the 1874 organ by the Varese brothers Pietro and Lorenzo Bernasconi and the ceramic tiles of the baptistery created by the Mombellese artist Albino Reggiori in 2003. The bell tower is equipped of five bells in E flat, cast in 1948 by the Bianchi foundry in Varese .
The oratory of Santa Maria di Corte in Mombello: mentioned in the 13th century, it is a small church dedicated to the Purification of the Virgin Mary, set in a very interesting urban context. Inside, completely restored, there is a 16th century fresco.
The oratory of San Michele : small building located at the highest point of Mombello, near the Rocca hamlet. It was rebuilt in the eighteenth century on the area of an older oratory in a state of abandonment.
The church of Saints Nazario, Celso and Defendente in Ceresolo: this is probably the oldest religious site in the municipality, certainly before 1000. The small church, formerly the parish church of Cerro and Ceresolo, was rebuilt around the 16th century. The beautiful Romanesque stone bell tower with mullioned windows survives.
The church of the Beata Vergine del Pianto in Cerro : the current parish church is the backdrop to the small square of the small lakeside village with its simple facade and the slender bell tower with the particular brick belfry. Renovated in the mid-nineteenth century, it has a small nave decorated with twentieth-century stuccoes and frescoes by the painter Orlando Tommasi .
Other places of interest
the Villa De Angeli-Frua : nestled in the eighteenth-century urban fabric of Laveno, overlooking the Gulf, is the current municipal headquarters.
The Ex Palazzo Comunale : imposing corner building right in front of the lake, located in Piazza Italia. It was built in 1878 based on designs by the architect Marco Porta , expanding the old Austrian arsenal. Today it houses some municipal offices and commercial activities under its arcades.
The Palazzo del Bostano in Mombello: it is a sixteenth-century former convent that belonged to the humiliated . It was later also used as a brewery.
The Guilizzoni-Perabò Palace in Cerro : the imposing frontispiece of the palace dominates the Cerro lakefront. The internal courtyard is surrounded by the beautiful loggia. It is home to the International Museum of Ceramic Design (MIDC).
Poggio Sant'Elsa : is a town located behind Laveno, on the slopes of Monte Sasso del Ferro , at an altitude of 974 m above sea level. It can be reached via a cableway and from the arrival terrace of the cable car you can enjoy a wide panorama of Lake Maggiore, Monte Rosa and the Alps, up to the plain.
Villa Fumagalli , in via Labiena, built in 1935 by Piero Portaluppi
Villa Bassani , an early twentieth century work by the architect Giuseppe Sommaruga .
San Michele barracks , part of the system of Austrian fortifications built in 1854 to defend the border with the Savoy state. It was the headquarters of the Italian Ceramics Society until 1898, then again a barracks (1915-1918) and a sailing centre. It is currently the headquarters of the Italian Naval League .
Headquarters of the Italian Ceramics Society , Via Buozzi 1, designed by Piero Portaluppi (1925), currently awaiting redevelopment.
Natural areas
The Sentiero del Verbano begins from Laveno , which constitutes the first realization of the Vie Verdi dei Laghi project and led to the definition of a path that links the municipalities of Sesto Calende and Laveno-Mombello passing through Taino , Angera , Ranco , Ispra , Brebbia , Besozzo , Monvalle and Leggiuno . This path is identified with the acronym VB on all vertical signs. The Verbano path has a total length of 49.6 km. Already from the first meters of the path, on the lakeside near the pier, it is possible to admire a spectacular panorama facing the opposite shore of the lake: clearly visible are Mottarone, Piancavallo and the Monte Rosa group. Leaving the town centre, the path climbs up Mount Brianza from which it is possible to appreciate a view from above of Laveno-Mombello which, as demonstrated by the morphology of its coasts, constitutes a natural port of rare beauty. After crossing the hamlet of Chiso you enter a wooded area where you can see, in addition to centuries-old chestnut trees, also sections of old dry stone walls, evidence of a certain symbiosis between the local inhabitants of the past and their territory. The path continues towards Cerro, a small town once linked to fishing activities on the lake. At Palazzo Perabò it is possible to visit the Civic Earthenware Collection. It is a museum dedicated to ceramics, one of the oldest and most characteristic manufacturing productions of Laveno-Mombello. Moving away from the coast, just outside the town centre, we enter what is one of the most naturalistically interesting areas of the entire Laveno area: the peat bog.
Furthermore, the Santa Caterina ring extends from Laveno, in the coastal strip between Laveno and Monvalle, involving what can be considered the historical-architectural jewel of the province of Varese: the Hermitage of Santa Caterina del Sasso located in the municipality of Leggiuno . In addition to it you have the opportunity to admire the small nucleus of Cerro with its panoramic lakefront and the Ceramics Museum. All the sites of great interest interspersed with panoramic windows among the most beautiful in the whole of Verbano. The path can be closed in a loop along part of the Verbano Ridge which leads back to Laveno-Mombello.
Culture
Library
Housed in the Villa De Angeli-Frua, with its over 50,000 volumes it is one of the largest in the province of Varese .
MIDeC – International Ceramic Design Museum
Property of the Municipality of Laveno Mombello, it was founded in 1971 and is open to the public in the sixteenth-century Palazzo Perabò in Cerro di Laveno. It collects the production of the Società Ceramica Italiana factory since its foundation.
Anthropic geography
According to the municipal statute , the territory of Laveno-Mombello includes the hamlets of Laveno, Mombello , Cerro and Ponte.
Economy
Laveno was a famous center for the production of ceramics in the 19th and 20th centuries , since 1856, when Carnelli, Caspani and Revelli, former employees of the Richard ceramic factory in Milan, founded the CCR ceramic company which later became known as Società Ceramica Italiana , in the sheds of a former glass factory, in the San Michele area. Merged into the Richard-Ginori group , the major factories closed their business in the nineties. There is a museum on the history of ceramics located on the lakeside, in the hamlet of Cerro.
Currently the Laveno industry has developed in the field of paper mills.
The industrial area of Laveno today hosts several small and medium-sized companies in the manufacturing and metalworking sectors. The economy is based heavily on tourist activities, especially in the summer season; Every year, the Lavenese Ferragosto attracts several thousand people to the Lungo Lago who come to watch the fireworks display.
Infrastructure and transport
Roads
The municipality is crossed by the following roads:
State road 394 of Eastern Verbano .
SP ex SS 394 towards Eastern Verbano: Cittiglio - Laveno-Mombello
SP 32 of the Two Parishes (Laveno-Mombello - Travedona Monate)
SP 69 of Santa Caterina (Sesto Calende - Luino)
Urban mobility
Interurban transport in Laveno-Mombello is carried out with scheduled bus services guaranteed by Autolinee Varesine on behalf of the Insubria Public Transport Consortium .
Railways
In Laveno there are two railway stations:
Laveno-Mombello FS : managed by RFI .
Laveno-Mombello FN : managed by Ferrovienord , it is the terminus of the line to Saronno .
Lake navigation
Near the station managed by Ferrovienord, there is the landing stage where the navigation lines of Lake Maggiore land .
Administration
The municipality is part of the Regio Insubrica working community, a cross-border cooperation body that federates some provinces of Lombardy and Piedmont and the Swiss Canton of Ticino [
Lake Maggiore or Verbano ( Lagh Magior in Lombard and Piedmontese ) is a pre-Alpine lake of fluvioglacial origin in the Italian geographical region . Its shores are shared between Switzerland ( Canton Ticino ) and Italy (provinces of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and Novara , in Piedmont , and Varese , in Lombardy ).
The name Maggiore derives from the fact that it is the largest of the lakes in the area, but among the Italian lakes it is the second in surface area after Lake Garda (as well as the second in depth after Lake Como ). In the past it was joined to Lake Mergozzo , from which it was separated due to the formation of the Fondotoce Plain .
Lake Maggiore is located at a height of approximately 193 meters above sea level . Its surface area is 212 km² , most of which, approximately 80%, is in Italian territory. It has a perimeter of 170 km and a length of 64.37 km (the largest among Italian lakes); the maximum width is 10 km and the average width is 3.9 km. The volume of water contained is equal to 37.5 billion m³ with a theoretical replacement time of approximately 4 years. The hydrographic basin is approximately 6,598 km² of which 3,229 are in Italian territory and 3,369 in Swiss territory (the ratio between the surface area of the basin and that of the lake is 31.1). The maximum altitude of the catchment basin is Punta Dufour in the Monte Rosa massif (4,633 m above sea level), while the average altitude is 1,270 m above sea level. The basin is characterized by the existence of around thirty artificial reservoirs with a collection of approximately 600 million of m³ of water which, if released simultaneously, would raise the lake level by approximately 2.5 m. The maximum depth is approximately 370 m (in the cryptodepression between Ghiffa and Porto Valtravaglia ) which is therefore 177 m below sea level.
The major tributaries are the Ticino , the Maggia , the Toce (which receives the waters of the Strona torrent and therefore of Lake Orta ) and the Tresa (in turn an emissary of Lake Lugano and fed by the Margorabbia ). The major tributaries have a different flow pattern, while Ticino and Toce, which have a catchment basin at high altitudes, reach a maximum flow in the period between May and October coinciding with the melting of snow and glaciers ; the other tributaries have a trend strongly influenced by rainfall . Minor tributaries are the Verzasca , Cannobino , San Bernardino , San Giovanni , Giona and Boesio streams . The only emissary is the Ticino which flows from the lake to Sesto Calende .
Envoys
Bardello
Boesio
Mergozzo Canal
Cannobino
Erno
Fraud of Caldè
Fraud of Porto Valtravaglia
Jonah
Maggia
Molinera
Monvallina
Riale Corto
Riale del Molino
Riale del Roddo
Riale di Casere
Rio Ballona
Rio Colmegnino (or Rio di Colmegna)
Rio Colorio
Rio dell'Asino
Rio Molinetto
Rio Valmara
Rone
San Bernardino
Saint John
San Giovanni di Bedero
Thick Forest
Stronetta
Tiasca
Ticino
Toce
Aquanegra stream
Tresa
Trigo
Versella or Varesella
Verzasca
Vevera
Geology
The origin of Lake Maggiore is partly glacial, as evidenced by the layout of the hills formed by moraine deposits of a glacial nature, but it is ascertained that the glacial excavation took place on a pre-existing river valley, the profile of the lake in fact has the typical V shape of river valleys.
Baveno pink granite was widely used as a building material in the past . Furthermore, the ancient construction uses of Angera stone are known (used for example in classical antiquity and in the medieval period), while the Caldè limestone quarries provided for many centuries the raw material for the lime with which high-rise buildings were built. Lombardy and Piedmont: thanks to the ease of transport by boat, first on the lake, then on the Milanese canals
Lake Maggiore is characterized by cold winters, but milder than inland, and moderately snowy (with average accumulations of 10 cm for each snowfall and sometimes even higher than 30 cm up to a maximum of 50 cm), summers are moderately hot, humid and stormy, the average temperature in January is around 2 degrees centigrade, with peaks of 3 degrees on the northern side of the Borromean Gulf (due to the extensive exposure to the sun), night temperatures can drop below 0, up to -10, but very rarely go below this value. In summer the average temperatures are around 22 degrees centigrade, with daytime peaks rarely exceeding 32 degrees. Proceeding towards the internal valleys the temperatures gradually become more rigid. The area is very rainy and sometimes, especially in intermediate seasons, floods can occur. The temperature of the surface waters (up to 2 meters deep) of the lake reach winter peaks of 5-6 degrees, while in summer they reach an average of 22-24 degrees.
Some statistics on Lake Maggiore . It should be noted that during lean periods the water level between Locarno and Sesto Calende can vary by 1 cm, while during floods up to 30 cm
Like all pre-Alpine lakes, Lake Maggiore is crossed, especially in the summer, by two types of prevailing winds, one which blows in the morning from the mountains towards the plain (called moscendrino as it comes from the Monte Ceneri Pass , sometimes tramontana ) and a small breeze that blows from the plain to the mountains especially during the afternoon (called inverna ). These constant winds make the pre-Alpine lakes an excellent field for practicing sports that use the wind, such as sailing and windsurfing . Lake Maggiore has some particular points, especially in the upper part, where the mountains squeeze together to form a narrow valley in which these winds blow very strongly.
Then there are other winds typical of this lake such as the winter wind , which blows from the south-west and generally brings storms, the major one , which comes from the north-east and is very dangerous as it agitates the lake a lot, the valmaggine which blows slightly from the valleys behind Locarno , the mergozzo , which blows especially at night, from the north-west
In Lake Maggiore there are many large, small or tiny islands , divided between 8 in Piedmont, 2 in Switzerland and 2 in Lombardy, for a total of 12.
Borromean Islands
Beautiful island
Isola Madre
Isola dei Pescatori (or Isola Superiore or Isola Superiore dei Pescatori)
Islet of San Giovanni
Malghera islet (or rock).
Brissago Islands
San Pancrazio Island (or Big Island)
Island of Sant'Apollinare (or Isolino)
Castles of Cannero
Isolino Partegora
Sasso Galletto
Between Stresa and Verbania there is the Borromean archipelago: Isola Madre (the largest in the lake basin), Isola Bella and Isola Superiore dei Pescatori (also known more simply as Isola dei Pescatori or Isola Superiore)
Opposite the Swiss town of Ronco sopra Ascona are the two islands of Brissago, the larger of which hosts a botanical garden.
In front of the coast of Cannero Riviera there are the three emerged rocks called Castelli di Cannero: the major rock, totally occupied today by the Vitaliana war artefact, a fortress commissioned by Count Ludovico Borromeo starting from 1518, the minor rock, on which the ruins of the so-called "prisons" stand, but in fact a small advanced tower with a falconette gunboat garrisoning the southern canal port, and finally the little rock (towards Maccagno ) of the "Melgonaro", on which only a stunted but tenacious plant grows fascinated poets and engravers such as Piero Chiara , Marco Costantini , Carlo Rapp .
Finally, we must mention the small island of San Giovanni in front of Verbania (famous because it was the residence of the orchestra director Arturo Toscanini in the seventeenth-century Palazzo Borromeo for many years ), the small island of La Malghera also known as Isola delle Bambole , among 'Isola Bella and that of the Fishermen and therefore the Isolino Partegora in the small gulf of Angera .
History:
The finds and evidence found tell us that following the actual creation of the lake, with the complete retreat of the ice, the surrounding area was inhabited by nomadic groups , who used the territory mainly as a place for hunting and supplies.
In the Chalcolithic historical period, the first residential areas were built in the immediate vicinity of the lake and from that moment there was a slow consolidation of sedentary groups .
On the shores of the lake, the Golasecca culture developed between the 9th and 4th centuries BC , a Celtic -speaking Iron Age civilization . The Golasecchians advanced as far as some areas of present-day Lombardy , only to be pushed back again to their western borders by the descent of the Celts into the Italian peninsula , probably the population of the Taurine Gauls .
The Gauls therefore had supremacy over the lake territory until the advance of the Romans who turned the Piedmont and Lombard areas back into provinces of the empire . The " Verbanus Lacus " (name given to it by the Romans, from which the nomenclature Lake Verbano will probably derive ) or " Lacus Maximus " (another name even attributed to it by Virgil ) will remain firmly in the hands of the Roman Empire . In Roman times, navigation along the lake experienced particular development, so much so that ships could descend the Ticino and thus reach Pavia , from where they could reach, thanks to the Po , as far as the Adriatic Sea . It is no coincidence that the excavations of the Angera settlement have brought to light finds that show strong connections between the lake and the upper Adriatic. This shipping line experienced particular development during the early Middle Ages , when Pavia was the capital of the Lombard kingdom first and then of the kingdom of Italy.
To arrive at a period of rebirth of the cities on the lake we had to wait until the Middle Ages , which led to the creation of villages, castles and in general a very different example of the physiognomy of inhabited places.
In this period the area around the lake, as well as numerous territories in the surroundings of Milan , passed into the hands of various families such as the Della Torre , the Visconti , the ruling house of the Habsburgs from 1713 and in particular the Borromeo family , which had enormous influence for many years on Lake Maggiore, starting from the acquisition of the fiefdom of Arona in 1445. Another very illustrious lineage that had a great influence in the medieval era is that of the Marquises Morigi or Moriggia, who received numerous territories from the Viscontis such as the degagne of San Maurizio and San Martino, the Valtravaglia which were nicknamed "Morigie lands". Over the centuries the families of Borromeo and Morigi fought bitterly for hegemony over these lands. The Borromeo themselves also had, between 1523 and 1524, actual armed clashes against Francesco II Sforza who on several occasions sent troops and armed ships against the Borromeo fortresses located on the islands of Cannero . Other noble families linked to the territory since the Middle Ages were the Besozzi , the Sessa , the Luini and the Capitanei of Locarno.
Starting from the 14th century, navigation along the lake was also exploited to transport the heavy blocks of marble coming from Candoglia and other quarries located in the surroundings of the lake towards the two main Lombard construction sites of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: the cathedral of Milan and the Charterhouse of Pavia
Galinoporni (Greek: Γαληνόπορνη; Turkish: Kaleburnu) is a village in Cyprus, located on the southern side of the Karpas Peninsula. Galinoporni is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus. As of 2011, it had a population of 333.
The village has always been exclusively populated by Turkish Cypriots. It has a permanent population but is also inhabited in the summer months by villagers who emigrated to the United Kingdom as a result of the Cyprus Dispute.Cypriot Turkish is the most commonly spoken dialect, though most elderly inhabitants can speak and understand both Turkish and Greek, with some speaking Greek as a first language.
The surroundings of the village host two Bronze Age sites: in Kraltepe the remains of a palace have been excavated, whose dwellers had trade contacts with the eastern coast of the Mediterranean sea around 1200 BC.[5] In Nitovikla there is a fortress dating back to 1500 BC, whose citadel has been erected in the style of the Hittitian fortress of Hattusa in Anatolia. Moreover, in Avtepe there is an important group of caves.
Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.
A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.
Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.
Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.
Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.
Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.
The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.
Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.
Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.
By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.
EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.
However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.
On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.
In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.
By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.
In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.
The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.
After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".
As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.
Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.
The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.
Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.
The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis".[31] Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.
Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.
Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria
An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."
In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.
Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.
In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.
Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.
Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.
Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:
UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.
The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.
By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."
After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.
On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.
The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.
During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.
In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.
Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.
A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.
Bali is an island and province of Indonesia. The province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nusa Ceningan. It is located at the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. Its capital of Denpasar is located at the southern part of the island.
With a population of 3,890,757 in the 2010 census, and 4,225,000 as of January 2014, the island is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority. According to the 2010 Census, 83.5% of Bali's population adhered to Balinese Hinduism, followed by 13.4% Muslim, Christianity at 2.5%, and Buddhism 0.5%.
Bali is a popular tourist destination, which has seen a significant rise in numbers since the 1980s. It is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking, and music. The Indonesian International Film Festival is held every year in Bali.
Bali is part of the Coral Triangle, the area with the highest biodiversity of marine species. In this area alone over 500 reef building coral species can be found. For comparison, this is about 7 times as many as in the entire Caribbean. There is a wide range of dive sites with high quality reefs, all with their own specific attractions. Many sites can have strong currents and swell, so diving without a knowledgeable guide is inadvisable. Most recently, Bali was the host of the 2011 ASEAN Summit, 2013 APEC and Miss World 2013.
HISTORY
ANCIENT
Bali was inhabited around 2000 BC by Austronesian people who migrated originally from Southeast Asia and Oceania through Maritime Southeast Asia. Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are closely related to the people of the Indonesian archipelago, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Oceania. Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island's west.
In ancient Bali, nine Hindu sects existed, namely Pasupata, Bhairawa, Siwa Shidanta, Waisnawa, Bodha, Brahma, Resi, Sora and Ganapatya. Each sect revered a specific deity as its personal Godhead.
Inscriptions from 896 and 911 don't mention a king, until 914, when Sri Kesarivarma is mentioned. They also reveal an independent Bali, with a distinct dialect, where Buddhism and Sivaism were practiced simultaneously. Mpu Sindok's great granddaughter, Mahendradatta (Gunapriyadharmapatni), married the Bali king Udayana Warmadewa (Dharmodayanavarmadeva) around 989, giving birth to Airlangga around 1001. This marriage also brought more Hinduism and Javanese culture to Bali. Princess Sakalendukirana appeared in 1098. Suradhipa reigned from 1115 to 1119, and Jayasakti from 1146 until 1150. Jayapangus appears on inscriptions between 1178 and 1181, while Adikuntiketana and his son Paramesvara in 1204.
Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian, Chinese, and particularly Hindu culture, beginning around the 1st century AD. The name Bali dwipa ("Bali island") has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the Blanjong pillar inscription written by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 914 AD and mentioning "Walidwipa". It was during this time that the people developed their complex irrigation system subak to grow rice in wet-field cultivation. Some religious and cultural traditions still practised today can be traced to this period.
The Hindu Majapahit Empire (1293–1520 AD) on eastern Java founded a Balinese colony in 1343. The uncle of Hayam Wuruk is mentioned in the charters of 1384-86. A mass Javanese emigration occurred in the next century.
PORTUGUESE CONTACTS
The first known European contact with Bali is thought to have been made in 1512, when a Portuguese expedition led by Antonio Abreu and Francisco Serrão sighted its northern shores. It was the first expedition of a series of bi-annual fleets to the Moluccas, that throughout the 16th century usually traveled along the coasts of the Sunda Islands. Bali was also mapped in 1512, in the chart of Francisco Rodrigues, aboard the expedition. In 1585, a ship foundered off the Bukit Peninsula and left a few Portuguese in the service of Dewa Agung.
DUTCH EAST INDIA
In 1597 the Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman arrived at Bali, and the Dutch East India Company was established in 1602. The Dutch government expanded its control across the Indonesian archipelago during the second half of the 19th century (see Dutch East Indies). Dutch political and economic control over Bali began in the 1840s on the island's north coast, when the Dutch pitted various competing Balinese realms against each other. In the late 1890s, struggles between Balinese kingdoms in the island's south were exploited by the Dutch to increase their control.
In June 1860 the famous Welsh naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, travelled to Bali from Singapore, landing at Buleleng on the northcoast of the island. Wallace's trip to Bali was instrumental in helping him devise his Wallace Line theory. The Wallace Line is a faunal boundary that runs through the strait between Bali and Lombok. It has been found to be a boundary between species of Asiatic origin in the east and a mixture of Australian and Asian species to the west. In his travel memoir The Malay Archipelago, Wallace wrote of his experience in Bali:
I was both astonished and delighted; for as my visit to Java was some years later, I had never beheld so beautiful and well-cultivated a district out of Europe. A slightly undulating plain extends from the seacoast about ten or twelve miles inland, where it is bounded by a fine range of wooded and cultivated hills. Houses and villages, marked out by dense clumps of coconut palms, tamarind and other fruit trees, are dotted about in every direction; while between them extend luxurious rice-grounds, watered by an elaborate system of irrigation that would be the pride of the best cultivated parts of Europe.
The Dutch mounted large naval and ground assaults at the Sanur region in 1906 and were met by the thousands of members of the royal family and their followers who fought against the superior Dutch force in a suicidal puputan defensive assault rather than face the humiliation of surrender. Despite Dutch demands for surrender, an estimated 200 Balinese marched to their death against the invaders. In the Dutch intervention in Bali, a similar massacre occurred in the face of a Dutch assault in Klungkung.
AFTERWARD THE DUTCH GOVERNORS
exercised administrative control over the island, but local control over religion and culture generally remained intact. Dutch rule over Bali came later and was never as well established as in other parts of Indonesia such as Java and Maluku.
n the 1930s, anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, artists Miguel Covarrubias and Walter Spies, and musicologist Colin McPhee all spent time here. Their accounts of the island and its peoples created a western image of Bali as "an enchanted land of aesthetes at peace with themselves and nature." Western tourists began to visit the island.
Imperial Japan occupied Bali during World War II. It was not originally a target in their Netherlands East Indies Campaign, but as the airfields on Borneo were inoperative due to heavy rains, the Imperial Japanese Army decided to occupy Bali, which did not suffer from comparable weather. The island had no regular Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) troops. There was only a Native Auxiliary Corps Prajoda (Korps Prajoda) consisting of about 600 native soldiers and several Dutch KNIL officers under command of KNIL Lieutenant Colonel W.P. Roodenburg. On 19 February 1942 the Japanese forces landed near the town of Senoer [Senur]. The island was quickly captured.
During the Japanese occupation, a Balinese military officer, Gusti Ngurah Rai, formed a Balinese 'freedom army'. The harshness of war requisitions made Japanese rule more resented than Dutch rule. Following Japan's Pacific surrender in August 1945, the Dutch returned to Indonesia, including Bali, to reinstate their pre-war colonial administration. This was resisted by the Balinese rebels, who now used recovered Japanese weapons. On 20 November 1946, the Battle of Marga was fought in Tabanan in central Bali. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, by then 29 years old, finally rallied his forces in east Bali at Marga Rana, where they made a suicide attack on the heavily armed Dutch. The Balinese battalion was entirely wiped out, breaking the last thread of Balinese military resistance.
INDIPENDENCE FROM THE DUTCH
In 1946, the Dutch constituted Bali as one of the 13 administrative districts of the newly proclaimed State of East Indonesia, a rival state to the Republic of Indonesia, which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali was included in the "Republic of the United States of Indonesia" when the Netherlands recognised Indonesian independence on 29 December 1949.
CONTEMPORARY
The 1963 eruption of Mount Agung killed thousands, created economic havoc and forced many displaced Balinese to be transmigrated to other parts of Indonesia. Mirroring the widening of social divisions across Indonesia in the 1950s and early 1960s, Bali saw conflict between supporters of the traditional caste system, and those rejecting this system. Politically, the opposition was represented by supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI), with tensions and ill-feeling further increased by the PKI's land reform programs. An attempted coup in Jakarta was put down by forces led by General Suharto.
The army became the dominant power as it instigated a violent anti-communist purge, in which the army blamed the PKI for the coup. Most estimates suggest that at least 500,000 people were killed across Indonesia, with an estimated 80,000 killed in Bali, equivalent to 5% of the island's population. With no Islamic forces involved as in Java and Sumatra, upper-caste PNI landlords led the extermination of PKI members.
As a result of the 1965/66 upheavals, Suharto was able to manoeuvre Sukarno out of the presidency. His "New Order" government reestablished relations with western countries. The pre-War Bali as "paradise" was revived in a modern form. The resulting large growth in tourism has led to a dramatic increase in Balinese standards of living and significant foreign exchange earned for the country. A bombing in 2002 by militant Islamists in the tourist area of Kuta killed 202 people, mostly foreigners. This attack, and another in 2005, severely reduced tourism, producing much economic hardship to the island.
GEOGRAPHY
The island of Bali lies 3.2 km east of Java, and is approximately 8 degrees south of the equator. Bali and Java are separated by the Bali Strait. East to west, the island is approximately 153 km wide and spans approximately 112 km north to south; administratively it covers 5,780 km2, or 5,577 km2 without Nusa Penida District, its population density is roughly 750 people/km2.
Bali's central mountains include several peaks over 3,000 metres in elevation. The highest is Mount Agung (3,031 m), known as the "mother mountain" which is an active volcano rated as one of the world's most likely sites for a massive eruption within the next 100 years. Mountains range from centre to the eastern side, with Mount Agung the easternmost peak. Bali's volcanic nature has contributed to its exceptional fertility and its tall mountain ranges provide the high rainfall that supports the highly productive agriculture sector. South of the mountains is a broad, steadily descending area where most of Bali's large rice crop is grown. The northern side of the mountains slopes more steeply to the sea and is the main coffee producing area of the island, along with rice, vegetables and cattle. The longest river, Ayung River, flows approximately 75 km.
The island is surrounded by coral reefs. Beaches in the south tend to have white sand while those in the north and west have black sand. Bali has no major waterways, although the Ho River is navigable by small sampan boats. Black sand beaches between Pasut and Klatingdukuh are being developed for tourism, but apart from the seaside temple of Tanah Lot, they are not yet used for significant tourism.
The largest city is the provincial capital, Denpasar, near the southern coast. Its population is around 491,500 (2002). Bali's second-largest city is the old colonial capital, Singaraja, which is located on the north coast and is home to around 100,000 people. Other important cities include the beach resort, Kuta, which is practically part of Denpasar's urban area, and Ubud, situated at the north of Denpasar, is the island's cultural centre.
Three small islands lie to the immediate south east and all are administratively part of the Klungkung regency of Bali: Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan. These islands are separated from Bali by the Badung Strait.
To the east, the Lombok Strait separates Bali from Lombok and marks the biogeographical division between the fauna of the Indomalayan ecozone and the distinctly different fauna of Australasia. The transition is known as the Wallace Line, named after Alfred Russel Wallace, who first proposed a transition zone between these two major biomes. When sea levels dropped during the Pleistocene ice age, Bali was connected to Java and Sumatra and to the mainland of Asia and shared the Asian fauna, but the deep water of the Lombok Strait continued to keep Lombok Island and the Lesser Sunda archipelago isolated.
CLIMATE
Being just 8 degrees south of the equator, Bali has a fairly even climate year round.
Day time temperatures at low elevations vary between 20-33⁰ C although it can be much cooler than that in the mountains. The west monsoon is in place from approximately October to April and this can bring significant rain, particularly from December to March. Outside of the monsoon period, humidity is relatively low and any rain unlikely in lowland areas.
ECOLOGY
Bali lies just to the west of the Wallace Line, and thus has a fauna that is Asian in character, with very little Australasian influence, and has more in common with Java than with Lombok. An exception is the yellow-crested cockatoo, a member of a primarily Australasian family. There are around 280 species of birds, including the critically endangered Bali myna, which is endemic. Others Include barn swallow, black-naped oriole, black racket-tailed treepie, crested serpent-eagle, crested treeswift, dollarbird, Java sparrow, lesser adjutant, long-tailed shrike, milky stork, Pacific swallow, red-rumped swallow, sacred kingfisher, sea eagle, woodswallow, savanna nightjar, stork-billed kingfisher, yellow-vented bulbul and great egret.
Until the early 20th century, Bali was home to several large mammals: the wild banteng, leopard and the endemic Bali tiger. The banteng still occurs in its domestic form, whereas leopards are found only in neighbouring Java, and the Bali tiger is extinct. The last definite record of a tiger on Bali dates from 1937, when one was shot, though the subspecies may have survived until the 1940s or 1950s. The relatively small size of the island, conflict with humans, poaching and habitat reduction drove the Bali tiger to extinction. This was the smallest and rarest of all tiger subspecies and was never caught on film or displayed in zoos, whereas few skins or bones remain in museums around the world. Today, the largest mammals are the Javan rusa deer and the wild boar. A second, smaller species of deer, the Indian muntjac, also occurs. Saltwater crocodiles were once present on the island, but became locally extinct sometime during the last century.
Squirrels are quite commonly encountered, less often is the Asian palm civet, which is also kept in coffee farms to produce Kopi Luwak. Bats are well represented, perhaps the most famous place to encounter them remaining the Goa Lawah (Temple of the Bats) where they are worshipped by the locals and also constitute a tourist attraction. They also occur in other cave temples, for instance at Gangga Beach. Two species of monkey occur. The crab-eating macaque, known locally as "kera", is quite common around human settlements and temples, where it becomes accustomed to being fed by humans, particularly in any of the three "monkey forest" temples, such as the popular one in the Ubud area. They are also quite often kept as pets by locals. The second monkey, endemic to Java and some surrounding islands such as Bali, is far rarer and more elusive is the Javan langur, locally known as "lutung". They occur in few places apart from the Bali Barat National Park. They are born an orange colour, though by their first year they would have already changed to a more blackish colouration. In Java however, there is more of a tendency for this species to retain its juvenile orange colour into adulthood, and so you can see a mixture of black and orange monkeys together as a family. Other rarer mammals include the leopard cat, Sunda pangolin and black giant squirrel.
Snakes include the king cobra and reticulated python. The water monitor can grow to at least 1.5 m in length and 50 kg and can move quickly.
The rich coral reefs around the coast, particularly around popular diving spots such as Tulamben, Amed, Menjangan or neighbouring Nusa Penida, host a wide range of marine life, for instance hawksbill turtle, giant sunfish, giant manta ray, giant moray eel, bumphead parrotfish, hammerhead shark, reef shark, barracuda, and sea snakes. Dolphins are commonly encountered on the north coast near Singaraja and Lovina.
A team of scientists conducted a survey from 29 April 2011 to 11 May 2011 at 33 sea sites around Bali. They discovered 952 species of reef fish of which 8 were new discoveries at Pemuteran, Gilimanuk, Nusa Dua, Tulamben and Candidasa, and 393 coral species, including two new ones at Padangbai and between Padangbai and Amed. The average coverage level of healthy coral was 36% (better than in Raja Ampat and Halmahera by 29% or in Fakfak and Kaimana by 25%) with the highest coverage found in Gili Selang and Gili Mimpang in Candidasa, Karangasem regency.
Many plants have been introduced by humans within the last centuries, particularly since the 20th century, making it sometimes hard to distinguish what plants are really native.[citation needed] Among the larger trees the most common are: banyan trees, jackfruit, coconuts, bamboo species, acacia trees and also endless rows of coconuts and banana species. Numerous flowers can be seen: hibiscus, frangipani, bougainvillea, poinsettia, oleander, jasmine, water lily, lotus, roses, begonias, orchids and hydrangeas exist. On higher grounds that receive more moisture, for instance around Kintamani, certain species of fern trees, mushrooms and even pine trees thrive well. Rice comes in many varieties. Other plants with agricultural value include: salak, mangosteen, corn, kintamani orange, coffee and water spinach.
ENVIRONMENT
Some of the worst erosion has occurred in Lebih Beach, where up to 7 metres of land is lost every year. Decades ago, this beach was used for holy pilgrimages with more than 10,000 people, but they have now moved to Masceti Beach.
From ranked third in previous review, in 2010 Bali got score 99.65 of Indonesia's environmental quality index and the highest of all the 33 provinces. The score measured 3 water quality parameters: the level of total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).
Because of over-exploitation by the tourist industry which covers a massive land area, 200 out of 400 rivers on the island have dried up and based on research, the southern part of Bali would face a water shortage up to 2,500 litres of clean water per second by 2015. To ease the shortage, the central government plans to build a water catchment and processing facility at Petanu River in Gianyar. The 300 litres capacity of water per second will be channelled to Denpasar, Badung and Gianyar in 2013.
ECONOMY
Three decades ago, the Balinese economy was largely agriculture-based in terms of both output and employment. Tourism is now the largest single industry in terms of income, and as a result, Bali is one of Indonesia's wealthiest regions. In 2003, around 80% of Bali's economy was tourism related. By end of June 2011, non-performing loan of all banks in Bali were 2.23%, lower than the average of Indonesian banking industry non-performing loan (about 5%). The economy, however, suffered significantly as a result of the terrorist bombings 2002 and 2005. The tourism industry has since recovered from these events.
AGRICULTURE
Although tourism produces the GDP's largest output, agriculture is still the island's biggest employer; most notably rice cultivation. Crops grown in smaller amounts include fruit, vegetables, Coffea arabica and other cash and subsistence crops. Fishing also provides a significant number of jobs. Bali is also famous for its artisans who produce a vast array of handicrafts, including batik and ikat cloth and clothing, wooden carvings, stone carvings, painted art and silverware. Notably, individual villages typically adopt a single product, such as wind chimes or wooden furniture.
The Arabica coffee production region is the highland region of Kintamani near Mount Batur. Generally, Balinese coffee is processed using the wet method. This results in a sweet, soft coffee with good consistency. Typical flavours include lemon and other citrus notes. Many coffee farmers in Kintamani are members of a traditional farming system called Subak Abian, which is based on the Hindu philosophy of "Tri Hita Karana". According to this philosophy, the three causes of happiness are good relations with God, other people and the environment. The Subak Abian system is ideally suited to the production of fair trade and organic coffee production. Arabica coffee from Kintamani is the first product in Indonesia to request a Geographical Indication.
TOURISM
The tourism industry is primarily focused in the south, while significant in the other parts of the island as well. The main tourist locations are the town of Kuta (with its beach), and its outer suburbs of Legian and Seminyak (which were once independent townships), the east coast town of Sanur (once the only tourist hub), in the center of the island Ubud, to the south of the Ngurah Rai International Airport, Jimbaran, and the newer development of Nusa Dua and Pecatu.
The American government lifted its travel warnings in 2008. The Australian government issued an advice on Friday, 4 May 2012. The overall level of the advice was lowered to 'Exercise a high degree of caution'. The Swedish government issued a new warning on Sunday, 10 June 2012 because of one more tourist who was killed by methanol poisoning. Australia last issued an advice on Monday, 5 January 2015 due to new terrorist threats.
An offshoot of tourism is the growing real estate industry. Bali real estate has been rapidly developing in the main tourist areas of Kuta, Legian, Seminyak and Oberoi. Most recently, high-end 5 star projects are under development on the Bukit peninsula, on the south side of the island. Million dollar villas are being developed along the cliff sides of south Bali, commanding panoramic ocean views. Foreign and domestic (many Jakarta individuals and companies are fairly active) investment into other areas of the island also continues to grow. Land prices, despite the worldwide economic crisis, have remained stable.
In the last half of 2008, Indonesia's currency had dropped approximately 30% against the US dollar, providing many overseas visitors value for their currencies. Visitor arrivals for 2009 were forecast to drop 8% (which would be higher than 2007 levels), due to the worldwide economic crisis which has also affected the global tourist industry, but not due to any travel warnings.
Bali's tourism economy survived the terrorist bombings of 2002 and 2005, and the tourism industry has in fact slowly recovered and surpassed its pre-terrorist bombing levels; the longterm trend has been a steady increase of visitor arrivals. In 2010, Bali received 2.57 million foreign tourists, which surpassed the target of 2.0–2.3 million tourists. The average occupancy of starred hotels achieved 65%, so the island is still able to accommodate tourists for some years without any addition of new rooms/hotels, although at the peak season some of them are fully booked.
Bali received the Best Island award from Travel and Leisure in 2010. The island of Bali won because of its attractive surroundings (both mountain and coastal areas), diverse tourist attractions, excellent international and local restaurants, and the friendliness of the local people. According to BBC Travel released in 2011, Bali is one of the World's Best Islands, ranking second after Santorini, Greece.
In August 2010, the film Eat Pray Love was released in theatres. The movie was based on Elizabeth Gilbert's best-selling memoir Eat, Pray, Love. It took place at Ubud and Padang-Padang Beach at Bali. The 2006 book, which spent 57 weeks at the No. 1 spot on the New York Times paperback nonfiction best-seller list, had already fuelled a boom in Eat, Pray, Love-related tourism in Ubud, the hill town and cultural and tourist center that was the focus of Gilbert's quest for balance through traditional spirituality and healing that leads to love.
In January 2016, after music icon David Bowie died, it was revealed that in his will, Bowie asked for his ashes to be scattered in Bali, conforming to Buddhist rituals. He had visited and performed in a number of Southest Asian cities early in his career, including Bangkok and Singapore.
Since 2011, China has displaced Japan as the second-largest supplier of tourists to Bali, while Australia still tops the list. Chinese tourists increased by 17% from last year due to the impact of ACFTA and new direct flights to Bali. In January 2012, Chinese tourists year on year (yoy) increased by 222.18% compared to January 2011, while Japanese tourists declined by 23.54% yoy.
Bali reported that it has 2.88 million foreign tourists and 5 million domestic tourists in 2012, marginally surpassing the expectations of 2.8 million foreign tourists. Forecasts for 2013 are at 3.1 million.
Based on Bank Indonesia survey in May 2013, 34.39 percent of tourists are upper-middle class with spending between $1,286 to $5,592 and dominated by Australia, France, China, Germany and the US with some China tourists move from low spending before to higher spending currently. While 30.26 percent are middle class with spending between $662 to $1,285.
SEX TOURISM
In the twentieth century the incidence of tourism specifically for sex was regularly observed in the era of mass tourism in Indonesia In Bali, prostitution is conducted by both men and women. Bali in particular is notorious for its 'Kuta Cowboys', local gigolos targeting foreign female tourists.
Tens of thousands of single women throng the beaches of Bali in Indonesia every year. For decades, young Balinese men have taken advantage of the louche and laid-back atmosphere to find love and lucre from female tourists—Japanese, European and Australian for the most part—who by all accounts seem perfectly happy with the arrangement.
By 2013, Indonesia was reportedly the number one destination for Australian child sex tourists, mostly starting in Bali but also travelling to other parts of the country. The problem in Bali was highlighted by Luh Ketut Suryani, head of Psychiatry at Udayana University, as early as 2003. Surayani warned that a low level of awareness of paedophilia in Bali had made it the target of international paedophile organisations. On 19 February 2013, government officials announced measures to combat paedophilia in Bali.
TRANSPORTATION
The Ngurah Rai International Airport is located near Jimbaran, on the isthmus at the southernmost part of the island. Lt.Col. Wisnu Airfield is found in north-west Bali.
A coastal road circles the island, and three major two-lane arteries cross the central mountains at passes reaching to 1,750m in height (at Penelokan). The Ngurah Rai Bypass is a four-lane expressway that partly encircles Denpasar. Bali has no railway lines.
In December 2010 the Government of Indonesia invited investors to build a new Tanah Ampo Cruise Terminal at Karangasem, Bali with a projected worth of $30 million. On 17 July 2011 the first cruise ship (Sun Princess) anchored about 400 meters away from the wharf of Tanah Ampo harbour. The current pier is only 154 meters but will eventually be extended to 300–350 meters to accommodate international cruise ships. The harbour here is safer than the existing facility at Benoa and has a scenic backdrop of east Bali mountains and green rice fields. The tender for improvement was subject to delays, and as of July 2013 the situation remained unclear with cruise line operators complaining and even refusing to use the existing facility at Tanah Ampo.
A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by two ministers, Bali's Governor and Indonesian Train Company to build 565 kilometres of railway along the coast around the island. As of July 2015, no details of this proposed railways have been released.
On 16 March 2011 (Tanjung) Benoa port received the "Best Port Welcome 2010" award from London's "Dream World Cruise Destination" magazine. Government plans to expand the role of Benoa port as export-import port to boost Bali's trade and industry sector. The Tourism and Creative Economy Ministry has confirmed that 306 cruise liners are heading for Indonesia in 2013 – an increase of 43 percent compared to the previous year.
In May 2011, an integrated Areal Traffic Control System (ATCS) was implemented to reduce traffic jams at four crossing points: Ngurah Rai statue, Dewa Ruci Kuta crossing, Jimbaran crossing and Sanur crossing. ATCS is an integrated system connecting all traffic lights, CCTVs and other traffic signals with a monitoring office at the police headquarters. It has successfully been implemented in other ASEAN countries and will be implemented at other crossings in Bali.
On 21 December 2011 construction started on the Nusa Dua-Benoa-Ngurah Rai International Airport toll road which will also provide a special lane for motorcycles. This has been done by seven state-owned enterprises led by PT Jasa Marga with 60% of shares. PT Jasa Marga Bali Tol will construct the 9.91 kilometres toll road (totally 12.7 kilometres with access road). The construction is estimated to cost Rp.2.49 trillion ($273.9 million). The project goes through 2 kilometres of mangrove forest and through 2.3 kilometres of beach, both within 5.4 hectares area. The elevated toll road is built over the mangrove forest on 18,000 concrete pillars which occupied 2 hectares of mangroves forest. It compensated by new planting of 300,000 mangrove trees along the road. On 21 December 2011 the Dewa Ruci 450 meters underpass has also started on the busy Dewa Ruci junction near Bali Kuta Galeria with an estimated cost of Rp136 billion ($14.9 million) from the state budget. On 23 September 2013, the Bali Mandara Toll Road is opened and the Dewa Ruci Junction (Simpang Siur) underpass is opened before. Both are ease the heavy traffic congestion.
To solve chronic traffic problems, the province will also build a toll road connecting Serangan with Tohpati, a toll road connecting Kuta, Denpasar and Tohpati and a flyover connecting Kuta and Ngurah Rai Airport.
DEMOGRAPHICS
The population of Bali was 3,890,757 as of the 2010 Census; the latest estimate (for January 2014) is 4,225,384. There are an estimated 30,000 expatriates living in Bali.
ETHNIC ORIGINS
A DNA study in 2005 by Karafet et al. found that 12% of Balinese Y-chromosomes are of likely Indian origin, while 84% are of likely Austronesian origin, and 2% of likely Melanesian origin. The study does not correlate the DNA samples to the Balinese caste system.
CASTE SYSTEM
Bali has a caste system based on the Indian Hindu model, with four castes:
- Sudra (Shudra) – peasants constituting close to 93% of Bali's population.
- Wesia (Vaishyas) – the caste of merchants and administrative officials
- Ksatrias (Kshatriyas) – the kingly and warrior caste
- Brahmana (Bramhin) – holy men and priests
RELIGION
Unlike most of Muslim-majority Indonesia, about 83.5% of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, formed as a combination of existing local beliefs and Hindu influences from mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. Minority religions include Islam (13.3%), Christianity (1.7%), and Buddhism (0.5%). These figures do not include immigrants from other parts of Indonesia.
Balinese Hinduism is an amalgam in which gods and demigods are worshipped together with Buddhist heroes, the spirits of ancestors, indigenous agricultural deities and sacred places. Religion as it is practised in Bali is a composite belief system that embraces not only theology, philosophy, and mythology, but ancestor worship, animism and magic. It pervades nearly every aspect of traditional life. Caste is observed, though less strictly than in India. With an estimated 20,000 puras (temples) and shrines, Bali is known as the "Island of a Thousand Puras", or "Island of the Gods". This is refer to Mahabarata story that behind Bali became island of god or "pulau dewata" in Indonesian language.
Balinese Hinduism has roots in Indian Hinduism and Buddhism, and adopted the animistic traditions of the indigenous people. This influence strengthened the belief that the gods and goddesses are present in all things. Every element of nature, therefore, possesses its own power, which reflects the power of the gods. A rock, tree, dagger, or woven cloth is a potential home for spirits whose energy can be directed for good or evil. Balinese Hinduism is deeply interwoven with art and ritual. Ritualizing states of self-control are a notable feature of religious expression among the people, who for this reason have become famous for their graceful and decorous behaviour.
Apart from the majority of Balinese Hindus, there also exist Chinese immigrants whose traditions have melded with that of the locals. As a result, these Sino-Balinese not only embrace their original religion, which is a mixture of Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism and Confucianism, but also find a way to harmonise it with the local traditions. Hence, it is not uncommon to find local Sino-Balinese during the local temple's odalan. Moreover, Balinese Hindu priests are invited to perform rites alongside a Chinese priest in the event of the death of a Sino-Balinese. Nevertheless, the Sino-Balinese claim to embrace Buddhism for administrative purposes, such as their Identity Cards.
LANGUAGE
Balinese and Indonesian are the most widely spoken languages in Bali, and the vast majority of Balinese people are bilingual or trilingual. The most common spoken language around the tourist areas is Indonesian, as many people in the tourist sector are not solely Balinese, but migrants from Java, Lombok, Sumatra, and other parts of Indonesia. There are several indigenous Balinese languages, but most Balinese can also use the most widely spoken option: modern common Balinese. The usage of different Balinese languages was traditionally determined by the Balinese caste system and by clan membership, but this tradition is diminishing. Kawi and Sanskrit are also commonly used by some Hindu priests in Bali, for Hinduism literature was mostly written in Sanskrit.
English and Chinese are the next most common languages (and the primary foreign languages) of many Balinese, owing to the requirements of the tourism industry, as well as the English-speaking community and huge Chinese-Indonesian population. Other foreign languages, such as Japanese, Korean, French, Russian or German are often used in multilingual signs for foreign tourists.
CULTURE
Bali is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated art forms, such as painting, sculpture, woodcarving, handcrafts, and performing arts. Balinese cuisine is also distinctive. Balinese percussion orchestra music, known as gamelan, is highly developed and varied. Balinese performing arts often portray stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana but with heavy Balinese influence. Famous Balinese dances include pendet, legong, baris, topeng, barong, gong keybar, and kecak (the monkey dance). Bali boasts one of the most diverse and innovative performing arts cultures in the world, with paid performances at thousands of temple festivals, private ceremonies, or public shows.
The Hindu New Year, Nyepi, is celebrated in the spring by a day of silence. On this day everyone stays at home and tourists are encouraged to remain in their hotels. On the day before New Year, large and colourful sculptures of ogoh-ogoh monsters are paraded and finally burned in the evening to drive away evil spirits. Other festivals throughout the year are specified by the Balinese pawukon calendrical system.
Celebrations are held for many occasions such as a tooth-filing (coming-of-age ritual), cremation or odalan (temple festival). One of the most important concepts that Balinese ceremonies have in common is that of désa kala patra, which refers to how ritual performances must be appropriate in both the specific and general social context. Many of the ceremonial art forms such as wayang kulit and topeng are highly improvisatory, providing flexibility for the performer to adapt the performance to the current situation. Many celebrations call for a loud, boisterous atmosphere with lots of activity and the resulting aesthetic, ramé, is distinctively Balinese. Often two or more gamelan ensembles will be performing well within earshot, and sometimes compete with each other to be heard. Likewise, the audience members talk amongst themselves, get up and walk around, or even cheer on the performance, which adds to the many layers of activity and the liveliness typical of ramé.
Kaja and kelod are the Balinese equivalents of North and South, which refer to ones orientation between the island's largest mountain Gunung Agung (kaja), and the sea (kelod). In addition to spatial orientation, kaja and kelod have the connotation of good and evil; gods and ancestors are believed to live on the mountain whereas demons live in the sea. Buildings such as temples and residential homes are spatially oriented by having the most sacred spaces closest to the mountain and the unclean places nearest to the sea.
Most temples have an inner courtyard and an outer courtyard which are arranged with the inner courtyard furthest kaja. These spaces serve as performance venues since most Balinese rituals are accompanied by any combination of music, dance and drama. The performances that take place in the inner courtyard are classified as wali, the most sacred rituals which are offerings exclusively for the gods, while the outer courtyard is where bebali ceremonies are held, which are intended for gods and people. Lastly, performances meant solely for the entertainment of humans take place outside the walls of the temple and are called bali-balihan. This three-tiered system of classification was standardised in 1971 by a committee of Balinese officials and artists to better protect the sanctity of the oldest and most sacred Balinese rituals from being performed for a paying audience.
Tourism, Bali's chief industry, has provided the island with a foreign audience that is eager to pay for entertainment, thus creating new performance opportunities and more demand for performers. The impact of tourism is controversial since before it became integrated into the economy, the Balinese performing arts did not exist as a capitalist venture, and were not performed for entertainment outside of their respective ritual context. Since the 1930s sacred rituals such as the barong dance have been performed both in their original contexts, as well as exclusively for paying tourists. This has led to new versions of many of these performances which have developed according to the preferences of foreign audiences; some villages have a barong mask specifically for non-ritual performances as well as an older mask which is only used for sacred performances.
Balinese society continues to revolve around each family's ancestral village, to which the cycle of life and religion is closely tied. Coercive aspects of traditional society, such as customary law sanctions imposed by traditional authorities such as village councils (including "kasepekang", or shunning) have risen in importance as a consequence of the democratisation and decentralisation of Indonesia since 1998.
WIKIPEDIA
The carnival of Offida (in dialect offidano "Lu bov fint" and "Li Vlurd").
The Carnival takes place every year according to a ritual set by tradition: officially begins on January 17, the day of Saint Anthony the Abbot, and ends the day of the Ashes.
On the Friday (the first afternoon) a rudimentary bove (bull) consisting of a wooden and iron frame, covered with a white cloth and carried by a couple of men, starts to wander through the central streets of the town.
In the Palazzo Popolo the crowd, dressed with the guazzarò, a very simple white and wide dress once used for country work, encourage the bull with screams and shouts giving rise to movements that are very reminiscent of a bullfight. The chaos caused by sudden changes of direction, chases and shouts of the crowd also generate moments of tension and panic usually resolved with hilarity also thanks to another fundamental ingredient of the party that is red wine (and vin cotto), consumed copiously by all the participants. In the dark, tiredness and glamor dictated by repeated drinking, the party ends with the symbolic killing of the bull where they are made to touch the horns on a column of the town hall. The final act is a procession of the dead bull through the streets of the village singing the anthem of the carnival Offidano.
Rangiroa (en el dialecto local Ragiroa o Ra'iroa) es un atolón de las Tuamotu, en la Polinesia Francesa. Está situado al noroeste del archipiélago, a 350 km de Tahití. Sus coordenadas son: 15°05′S 147°48′O
Es uno de los atolones más grandes del mundo, con un total de 1640 km²; de superfecie, y una laguna de 78 km de largo con una profundidad entre 20 y 35 m. El escollo está formado por 241 islotes y bancos de arena de un ancho de entre 300 y 600 m. Hay cuatro pasos entre el océano y la laguna. Los dos más importantes están al norte, junto a las villas de Avatoru y Tiputa que concentran la mayor parte de la población. Con 2.145 habitantes (censo de 1996) es el atolón más poblado de las Tuamotu. La población vive del turismo, la pesca y el cultivo de perlas negras.
Tambis purchased in Hong Kong.
This fruit is called Watery Rose Apple or Tambis in Waray or Cebuano dialects in the Philippines (scientific name: Syzygium aqueum). This species brush cherry tree is commonly found in the Visayas region of the Philippines.
Here Are The Benefits That The Rose Apple Fruit Gives To Our Health
Rose apple which is also known as water apple or “tambis” is a watery fruit that is native to Eastern Australia. This bell-shaped fruit has shinny skin that may vary from light pink to red or yellow and green. Its white flesh contains lots of juice and is foamy.
This fruit is actually very rich in fibers, proteins, vitamins and iron. It brings lots of benefits to our health and here are some of them: The risk of breast cancer on women may be reduced by including low-fat foods in the diet and rose apple could be a great food for that.
Store the seeds of rose apple fruit for at least 4 days and grind it into fine powder. Add the powder in a glass of water and give to the person suffering from diarrhea.
The sweet and pleasant smell of rose apple, plus its juice, help reduce the body temperature.
It is rich in Vitamin C which helps reduce the cholesterol in the body.
If you love eating this fruit, you will love it even more after knowing this.
Finally, proof positive that “tambis” and “makopa” for Visayans at least, are distinct yet closely related fruit. It all started out with this first post several years ago, which referred to both of these species as tambis, as I had always done as a child. Then, one of my readers was perturbed by my lack of tambis/makopa knowledge, so I did a follow up post here(worth reading if you are really interested in the difference between the two fruit) to positively identify the scientific names of both fruit. That same reader sent me some photos many months ago but I couldn’t figure out how to get them into a publishable form, so I had to wait until I got my hands on both fruit at the same time (which isn’t so easy as the seasons apprarently barely overlap). Tambis, on the left in the photo above or water apple or syzgium aqueum and makopa, on the right or malay apple or syzgium malacenssis…
You can clearly see from the cross-section cuts that the skin, shape and seed of the fruits differ, and I have to say I am partial to the taste of tambis, with the thin skin and often refreshing and sweetish pulp while the makopa is denser, and at least the ones I tried, less tasty. But I have to add that I saw lots of brilliant looking makopa on a recent trip to Vietnam and Cambodia so maybe those would have tasted better than the ones I have eaten here…
For many folks on the island of Luzon, they would refer to either of these fruits as makopa, and if a perusal of neighborhood trees is a good sample, I think there are more “tambis”trees than “makopa” trees in Manila and the surrounding areas. What’s the big deal anyway? Just one of accuracy… And as I mention in earlier posts, even the venerable Doreen Fernandez and Desmond Tate seem to have missed the subtle distinction between the two fruit… so if they were a bit confused, what about the rest of us?
The Norfolk naturalist who inspired Ted Ellis. His real name was Arthur Patterson but he used 'Knowlittle' as his nom de plume. He was a considerable word-smith. Here is one of his poems which employs the Norfolk dialect:
Another Song of Another Norfolker
Bor, I never cood arn much money,
No matter how 'ard I try'd;
But never wor short o' dumplins
Or a good owd eel well fry'd.
Bor, I ha' found owd Norfolk frindly,
An' I married a Norfolk gal,
An' when I cum off o' the marshes,
I've found her a good owd pal.
Law! I ha' lived wi' monkeys,
And worked where the lions roar,
But I longed tu heer t' owd curlews
"Whaup" front o' th' houseboat door.
So I drifted back tu owd Norfolk,
And heer I intend tu 'bide;
For the bards, an' t' fishes, an' people
Of Norfolk, air all my pride.
When Broadland is left for Jordan,
And Charon cum over th' styx,
Du delve a deep hole in owd Norfolk
Whose sile wi' my ashes shell mix.
Manarola (Manaea in the local dialect) is a small town, a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Riomaggiore, in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northern Italy. It is the second smallest of the famous Cinque Terre towns frequented by tourists.
Manarola may be the oldest of the towns in the Cinque Terre, with the cornerstone of the church, San Lorenzo, dating from 1338. The local dialect is Manarolese, which is marginally different from the dialects in the nearby area. The name "Manarola" is probably dialectical evolution of the Latin, "magna rota". In the Manarolese dialect this was changed to "magna roea" which means "large wheel", in reference to the mill wheel in the town.
Manarola's primary industries have traditionally been fishing and wine-making. The local wine, called Sciacchetrà, is especially renowned; references from Roman writings mention the high quality of the wine produced in the region. In recent years, Manarola and its neighboring towns have become popular tourist destinations, particularly in the summer months. Tourist attractions in the region include a famous walking trail between Manarola and Riomaggiore (called Via dell'Amore, "Love's Trail") and hiking trails in the hills and vineyards above the town. Manarola is one of the five villages. Mostly all of the houses are bright and colourful.
Manarola was celebrated in paintings by the artists Llewelyn Lloyd (1879-1949) ("I ponti di Manarola" [:The Bridges of Manarola, 1904] and "Tramonto a Manarola" [:Sunset at Manarola, 1904] and Antonio Discovolo (1874–1956).
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St Peter, Levington, Suffolk
A nice piece of Suffolk dialect, the failure to decline the third person of the verb.
I'd been feeling out of sorts for a while. Even Saturday's bright sunshine couldn't shake me out of my depressed lethargy. I don't know what it is - a bit fluey, under the weather, maybe just a bad cold. I had big ambitions to do a bike ride around Huntingdon, with the intention of visiting Little Gidding, but reports of flooded rural lanes put me off, and in the event I did not leave the house at all.
I got up early on Sunday, and as the day lightened it revealed a wondrous frozen landscape after a night of sub-zero temperatures. By nine o'clock I ws on my bike, cycling out of Ipswich by the back door through Nacton and out to Levington, where St Peter is one of my favourite churches of all. I feel closer to God in there than in most churches.
I spent about half an hour there - I had known there would not be a service on because when I passed neighbouring Nacton church there was one on there - and then I headed across the A14 to Bucklesham.
There was another service on at Bucklesham, so I pottered around in the graveyard for a while, and then headed back into Ipswich, remembering to pick up some cat food from Aldi on re-entry.
Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Carinthia, Republic Of Austria.
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (official name; until 2008 and further briefly just Klagenfurt , Slovenian Celovec ob Vrbskem jezeru ) is a large city in the south of Austria and the state capital of the Austrian state of Carinthia . In the local Bavarian-Austrian dialect her name is pronounced Klognfuat . With 104,332 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2023), it is the largest city in Carinthia and the sixth largest city in Austria . The urban area is located in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and currently has an area of 120 km².
Klagenfurt was first mentioned in documents in 1192/1199 and was of little relevance until Maximilian I donated the city to the Carinthian estates in 1518. This donation and the subsequent Protestant Reformation movement of the 16th century meant a steep rise for the city: Klagenfurt became the capital of Carinthia, and numerous buildings that are still important today, such as the country house and the cathedral, were built.
Today the statutory city of Klagenfurt is the seat of, among other things, the Carinthian state government , the Klagenfurt-Land district administration , the Diocese of Gurk , the Alpine-Adria University of Klagenfurt , the Gustav Mahler Private University of Music , an international airport and a location for the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences as well as numerous other companies and institutions, including those of the Carinthian Slovenes . Klagenfurt is also important for tourism due to its attractive city center with squares and old town buildings as well as cultural offerings and proximity to Lake Wörthersee .
Geography
Location
Klagenfurt is located on the Klagenfurter Feld in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and extends for around 15 km in a north-south and east-west direction. The city covers the entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee, the areas north of it are part of the Feldkirchen-Moosburg hill country and the Glantal mountain country. Parts of the northern district of Wölfnitz already belong to Zollfeld , the south of Klagenfurt lies at the foot of the Sattnitz ridge.
The city center is about 450 m above sea level; The highest point within the municipality is the Ulrichsberg at 1022 m above sea level. A. , the deepest is the Gurkerbrücke (420 m) on the eastern border of the city.
Around a third of the 120 km² municipal area is designated as agricultural area (33.4%) or forest (32.9%). 19.3% of Klagenfurt's area is used as building land , 2.2% is water and 1.3% is gardens. The remaining 10.9% fall under “other types of use”, which includes, among other things, transport routes , mining areas and wasteland .
The Adriatic is only about 150 kilometers away from Klagenfurt; Trieste can be reached via the motorway in around two hours.
Geology
The entire Klagenfurt Basin was filled by the Drau Glacier during the Ice Age . After the ice masses melted, alluvial fans of the Glan formed the subsoil of today's northern urban area and the Zollfeld, consisting of Ice Age gravel. At the same time, Lake Wörthersee was created, which around 4,000 years ago reached into today's city center, where a large moor area was formed through gradual silting up . The hills in the north of the city consist mainly of old crystalline mica schists and Paleozoic phyllites , green slates and limestone, while the Sattnitz ridge south of Klagenfurt consists of conglomerates .
Bodies of Water
In the north of the city, the Glan flows through Klagenfurt in a west-east direction, in the east the Gurk touches the Hörtendorf district , shortly before it joins the Glan in Ebenthal . There are two canals in the city center that were artificially created in the 16th century: the Lendkanal , which still connects the center with Lake Wörthersee today, and the Feuerbach , which is now almost completely absorbed into the city's underground sewer system. Flowing through the southern districts, the 8.8 km long Glanfurt (popularly “Sattnitz”) drains Lake Wörthersee into the Glan. Other, smaller rivers include the Kerbach, the Raba and the Struga, Wölfnitz and Viktringer Bach.
The entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee belongs to the urban area of Klagenfurt, which has used the name of the lake in its own name since mid-2007. There are also a number of ponds in Klagenfurt. The Hallegg ponds , which lie in a nature reserve below Hallegg Castle , are among the largest.
City structure
Until 1848, the urban area only included today's Inner City ; with the formation of political communities in Austria, the immediately adjacent four suburbs (St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Viktringer and Villacher Vorstadt) were added to Klagenfurt in 1850. Apart from a smaller city expansion in 1893, Klagenfurt only reached its current size in the 20th century through the incorporation of previously independent communities in 1938 (districts IX to XII) and 1973 (districts XIII to XV).
The four districts of the inner city roughly form a square made up of squares that are numbered clockwise starting at the top left (in the northwest corner). The next four districts (5-8) enclose the square in a roughly circular shape, the numbering starts at the top, in the north and goes to the right. The same applies to the larger districts 9 to 12, which in turn form a belt of sectors in the main cardinal directions. The three outermost and youngest districts, like all zones, are numbered to the right, but stand out discreetly like wings and are therefore not connected to each other; The count now starts in the south (southwest) with 13, runs through 14 in the northwest to the relatively small 15th district in the east.
The city consists of a total of 25 cadastral municipalities , in brackets the unofficial Slovenian names and the areas in hectares (as of December 31, 2021):
Bubble Village ( Blaznja vas , 241.49 ha)
Ehrenthal (548.85 ha)
Goritschitzen ( Goričica , 571.21 ha)
Großbuch (446.46 ha)
Großponfeld (664.94 ha)
Gurlitsch I* (632.51 ha)
Hallegg ( Helek , 425.55 ha)
Hörtendorf ( Trdnja vas , 946.61 ha)
Klagenfurt (629.53 ha)
Kleinbuch (220.95 ha)
Lendorf ( Dhovše , 579.55 ha)
Marolla (977.91 ha)
Nagra (201.44 ha)
Neudorf ( Nova vas , 658.90 ha)
St. Martin near Klagenfurt (349.02 ha)
St. Peter am Karlsberg (353.84 ha)
St. Peter near Ebenthal (358.99 ha)
St. Peter near Tentschach (246.63 ha)
St. Ruprecht near Klagenfurt (653.30 ha)
Stone ( Zakamen , 267.30 ha)
Tentschach (222.56 ha)
Viktring ( Vetrinj , 369.22 ha)
Waidmannsdorf ( Otoče , 422.75 ha)
Waltendorf ( Vapoča vas , 442.94 ha)
Welzenegg (579.38 ha)
* (Gurlitsch II is a cadastral community in the neighboring community of Krumpendorf.)
Climate
Klagenfurt has a temperate continental climate with relatively large temperature fluctuations between the seasons. Due to the inversion weather conditions prevailing in the Klagenfurt Basin, an above-average and often long-lasting formation of haze and fog is typical for this area. In early and mid-autumn this is predominantly ground fog, while in late autumn and winter mostly high-level fog occurs. A general lack of wind is also characteristic. The winters, which are cold compared to the Austrian average, can be temporarily alleviated by the foehn through the Karawanken Mountains to the south .
The long-term mean annual temperature (determined between 1961 and 1990) is 7.7 °C. The average temperature in Klagenfurt in 2007 was 9.7 °C.
History
Origin of name and founding legend
Etymologically, the name Klagenfurt has a Romanesque origin and came into German via Slovenian. Heinz-Dieter Pohl has linguistically reconstructed the formation of the Slovenian name Celovec for Klagenfurt, first documented in 1615 as V Zelovzi . The starting point for this was a Romanesque l'aquiliu meaning “place by the water” - but what was meant was not Lake Wörthersee, but the River Glan . The original Romansh form was initially transformed into la quiliu and adopted into Slavic without an article. According to phonetic laws, it became cvilj- . This was expanded with the ending -ovec , which is common in field and place names, which created Cviljovec . The similar-sounding Slovenian word cvilja meant something like 'lamentation'. In Slovenian, the name Cviljovec was reinterpreted in folk etymology as the “place of laments ”, which is reflected in German in the loan translation Klagenfurt. Other derivations are therefore not applicable, such as the one advocated by Eberhard Kranzmayer about a lament woman cvilja (= lament), one of the legendary Slavic ford and water women who did their laundry at streams and springs wash and mourn deaths, or from the Glan, according to which a Glanfurt would be the origin of the name. What is overlooked is that there actually is a river called Glanfurt , which was called Lanquart until the 16th century and is now also called Sattnitz (Slovene: formerly: Lank(a)rt, today: Sotnica, or more commonly: Jezernica = Seebach). . It is the outflow of Lake Wörthersee.
An even older derivation, which comes from the time of humanism, names the Latin name of the Roman city Claudiforum or Forum Claudii as the original name and refers to Roman sources. The name Klagenfurt is said to have developed from this. In fact, a Roman city, Virunum , founded by the Emperor Claudius , existed north of the present urban area. Today it is clear that Forum Claudii was an alternative name for Virunum and that there was no Roman city in the area of today's Klagenfurt.
Lindwurm fountain : representation of the founding legend
The founding legend of Klagenfurt tells of a dragon that lived in a swamp and fed on people from the surrounding towns who approached it. The monster could only be killed through a trick: a tower was built, at the top of which an ox was chained as bait, the chain also being equipped with a large hook. When the dragon came out of its swamp to eat the ox, it got caught on the chain and was killed. This legend finds its heraldic expression in the city coat of arms of Klagenfurt and its artistic expression in the Lindwurm fountain .
Early settlements in today's urban area
The first traces of clearing and settlement in today's urban area date back to the period between 4000 and 2000 BC. Evidenced by finds in Lendorf, Waidmannsdorf and Viktring. Traces of settlements can be found from the Bronze Age ( dugout tree finds in the moor at the foot of the Sattnitz) as well as the urn field culture and the Hallstatt period (Wölfnitz and Waidmannsdorf). For a long time, only areas that towered over the marshy landscape in which today's city center is located were considered as settlement areas. The hills in the north of today's urban area were particularly suitable for this.
and the early
There is no evidence of any significant settlements in the area of today's Klagenfurt in ancient times . The center of power for this region both during the Celtic Noricum period and during the period of Roman occupation, which began in 45 BC. From the 6th century BC to the 6th century ( Virunum ), it was located on the Zollfeld north of today's Klagenfurt . Nevertheless, sporadic Roman settlements arose here too, for example on the Spitalsberg the remains of a villa and graves from Roman times were found
Unlike many towns in Carinthia, where evidence of the immigration of Slavs into the area of today's Carinthia, which took place from the end of the migration , can also be proven using place names, there is hardly any evidence of this in Klagenfurt. Nevertheless, it is assumed that today's urban area was connected to the Carolingian-Franconian Palatinate of Karnburg (Civitas Carantana), which was built around the year 828. In the course of the Christianization of Carinthia, the church foundations of Maria Saal in Zollfeld by the diocese of Salzburg and Maria Wörth were significant, but there is no evidence of any foundations on the eastern bank of Lake Wörthersee at this time.
After Carinthia was made a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire in 976, numerous monasteries were founded in the 11th century. But it was only in the first half of the 12th century that Klagenfurt became important: the Spanheimers , who had been wealthy in Carinthia since the middle of the 11th century and were the Carinthian dukes between the years 1122 and 1279, had gradually acquired parts of today's city area . Count Bernhard founded the Cistercian monastery of Viktring in 1142 and initiated settlement in its surroundings.
Founding of the city
The Carinthian dukes Hermann († 1181) and Bernhard von Spanheim († 1256) are considered the founders of Klagenfurt. Hermann is seen as the founder of the Klagenfurt market, which was built on the southern edge of the Zollfeld in the area of today's Spitalsberg . This settlement was first mentioned between June 1192 and March 1199 as the monastery of St. Paul was granted toll exemption “in foro Chlagenuurt”. However, the newly founded town was in the flood plain of the Glan and was repeatedly flooded. Bernhard von Spanheim took this as an opportunity to re-establish the settlement in a flood-proof area in 1246. Klagenfurt was rebuilt in the area around today's Old Square and received city rights in 1252.
To protect the city, a castle (first mentioned in documents in 1268) and a six meter high city wall were built, in front of which a four meter deep and ten meter wide ditch was dug. The castle probably stood on the site of today's country house and was administered by ministerials who were called castle keepers (“castellanus de Chlagenfurt”). The first documented priest in Klagenfurt (Dominus Friedericus, 1255) was still vicar of Maria Saal . The first church in Klagenfurt was probably today's parish church of Klagenfurt-St. Egid , who was the patron saint of St. in the 14th century. Egidius accepted (documented 1347); The Holy Spirit Church with a cemetery and hospital was built outside the city walls (documented in 1355 and 1381).
Klagenfurt had only a small population compared to other cities in Carinthia and remained in the shadow of the capital St. Veit and the commercial center of Villach until the 16th century .
Donation of Klagenfurt to the estates
At the beginning of the 16th century, Carinthia only played a minor role within the inner Austrian states, because for long stretches the office of governor was not even occupied. The Roman-German king and later emperor Maximilian I came to their extensive inheritance after the Gorizia people died out in 1500. On the one hand, the absence of a sovereign helped the Carinthian estates to gain a stronger political position, but on the other hand, they had to struggle with peasant revolts at the time, which flared up again in the country in 1515 and during which the state capital St. Veit proved to be less than reliable.
In 1514 Klagenfurt was almost completely destroyed by fire. The estates asked the emperor, who had now also become sovereign, to give them the city in order to turn it into a bulwark against enemies from within and without. Maximilian complied with this wish, in the “Gabbrief” of April 24, 1518, he donated the city, including the castle and citizens, to the estates, while at the same time revoking all civil privileges.
The estates rebuilt the city and commissioned Domenico dell'Allio to plan city fortifications . The financing of this undertaking was significantly supported by Ferdinand I's leasing of the sovereign mint in 1529 and its relocation from St. Veit to Klagenfurt soon afterwards. The Lend Canal , an artificial waterway from Lake Wörthersee to the city, had already been created in 1527 and was used to transport goods, flood the moat and serve as a fire-fighting water reservoir. A second, much smaller canal, the so-called Feuerbach , brought Glanwasser into the city, which was available in two open channels and was also used to transport waste. The previous “Galgentratte” became the new center of the city as “Neuer Platz”. The streets around it were laid out in a checkerboard pattern. Important representative buildings such as the country house (from 1574) and today's cathedral (from 1581), which was built as a Protestant church, were built. In 1587, due to the ever-increasing tasks of the city administration, the judge and council asked the estates to appoint a mayor. As a result, Christoph Windisch (* ? – † 1597) was appointed the first mayor of the corporative city of Klagenfurt. By the end of the 16th century, Klagenfurt had grown into the most modern and strongest fortress city in the region.
Burgfriedstein at the Sattnitzbauern onQuellenstrasse
The city's sphere of influence included extensive areas of the hinterland and smaller towns outside the city fortifications. They formed the Klagenfurt castle keep , which was administered by the city judge. It stretched from St. Primus in the north to the swampy landscape of Glanfurt in the south and from the Glan in the east to the village of Waidmannsdorf in the west of the city. Not a single castle was built in this area; the noble residences of this type were all outside the keep boundaries.
Reformation and
In the course of the second half of the 16th century, large parts of the population and almost all of the Carinthian estates had joined the Lutheran Reformation movement ; in Klagenfurt one can speak of a consistently Protestant population as early as the 1570s.
The new doctrine was proclaimed both in St. Egid and in the Church of the Holy Spirit, and the newly built Trinity Church, later the Catholic cathedral, was also used as a Protestant church after its completion. While the Catholic Habsburgs, as sovereigns, were initially almost powerless in the face of this development, from around 1580 they initially hesitantly implemented the Counter-Reformation together with the Catholic Church in 1595, then with all their might after Archduke Ferdinand came to power. Citizens were given the choice of returning to Catholicism or leaving the country, books were burned and Protestant churches were temporarily closed.
The Trinity Church, which was closed in November 1600, was given to the Jesuits and reopened by them in April 1604 and consecrated to Saints Peter and Paul. Above all, the Jesuits, but also other orders that were part of the Counter-Reformation, shaped the intellectual and cultural development as well as with numerous new church and monastery buildings (St. Mary's Church with Franciscan monastery in 1617, Capuchin church and monastery in 1646, redesign of St. Egid and St . Peter and Paul etc.) the face of the city.
After the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773, Klagenfurt became the seat of the Gurk Cathedral Chapter in 1787/93.
End of Estate Rule, French Wars and March Revolution
The estates had already lost power with Maria Theresa's administrative reform . Since 1748, the city administration was no longer subject to the estate councilors and the burgrave . State authorities had taken their place. The state of Carinthia was divided into three districts and the “castle” was now the seat of a district office. In 1782, Klagenfurt lost its position as state capital after Joseph II placed all of Carinthia administratively under the Gubernium of Graz.
The square, planned layout of the old city center, shown here on a map from around 1735 with the city walls and city gates razed in 1809, can still be clearly seen on today's plans.
During the Napoleonic Wars, Klagenfurt was occupied by French troops in 1797 and in 1805 and 1809/1810. Before they left, Napoleon's Württemberg sappers blew up the city walls. The Völkermarkter Tor was the only one of the city gates that remained intact, but it had to give way to road expansion in 1867. Massive causeway bridges were built in place of the blown-up city gates. Today only a small remnant of the fortification wall and the city moat remains. However, the location of the city walls can still be clearly seen on today's “ring” around the city center.
Even though there were only sporadic acts of war in the country during the wars, this period and the years that followed marked an economic decline. From an urban planning perspective, however, the demolition of the fortifications also opened up new perspectives. A city map from 1827 shows the merging of the city center with its four suburbs: St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Villacher and Viktringer Vorstadt. In addition to the formation of districts, Klagenfurt was also a vital city in the pre-industrial period in terms of its social structure, its culture and its relationship to the surrounding area.
On the political stage, Klagenfurt and the now divided Carinthia were of little importance during the Metternich era . This was only to change again after the revolutionary year of 1848 , when Carinthia became an independent crown state again with the headquarters of a state parliament and a state government in Klagenfurt. After Klagenfurt became a city with its own statute in 1850, the second city expansion took place after more than 300 years as part of the general restructuring of the state and the country and the associated creation of local communities as the smallest self-governing bodies.
However, the hoped-for unification of Klagenfurt with numerous surrounding towns did not initially materialize; the neighbors saw no advantage in this and preferred status as an independent rural community. In addition to the inner city, the new municipality only comprised its four suburbs, including the “rural town of Spitalmühle”. Not even the entire truce had come to Klagenfurt: even the Kreuzbergl area of the “Wölfnitzberg” remained in the cadastral community of St. Martin and became part of the new local community of St. Martin near Klagenfurt . In 1850, the first Klagenfurt local council chose the 51-year-old lawyer Andreas Koller , who had just been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order , as city leader.
Technological age
In 1863, Klagenfurt was connected to the Southern Railway network , and the resulting economic stimulus made Klagenfurt the center of Carinthia. The outdated, damaged water pipe, fed by the Feuerbach and the Sattnitz springs, was taken over by the city and improved. In 1864, Ferdinand Jergitsch founded the first volunteer fire department in Carinthia, a model organization for numerous cities in the k. u.k. Monarchy. The city ditches were partly filled in and built over, the agricultural area was expanded through drainage and the city was enlarged, including the former suburbs and surrounding communities, first to the east and later to the west towards Lake Wörthersee.
In the course of the busy construction activity, the Protestant Johanneskirche (1863–1866), the Carinthian State Museum (1884), the large school buildings (Hasner, Benedictine and West schools, secondary school, trade school, “Kucherhof” agricultural school), the state hospital (1895) and the new “Jubiläumsstadttheater” (1910). The economic rise was also documented by the first Carinthian state exhibition in 1885, at which 1,329 exhibiting companies presented their services to around 100,000 visitors. This laid the foundation for today's Klagenfurt Trade Fair.
In 1896, however, the city administration rejected the electrification of the city and the establishment of a railway directorate in Klagenfurt. Only after long negotiations was the basis for a power grid laid. In 1903, the city's streets received electric lighting instead of the incandescent gas lights that previously illuminated the streets. The horse-drawn tram set up in 1891 was replaced by the electric Klagenfurt tram from 1911 onwards . The railway management, on the other hand, had now established itself in Villach , making its western neighbor a “railway town”.
The First World War and its consequences for Klagenfurt
The First World War interrupted the city's rise. After Italy entered the war in 1915, Klagenfurt was not directly on the front of the mountain war and was therefore spared from the immediate war, but was subsequently flooded by returning soldiers. 2,214 people from Klagenfurt died as soldiers during the war. In addition, the SHS state that emerged after the end of the war claimed parts of southern Carinthia and Lower Styria, relying on the Slovenian population. His troops crossed the demarcation line and occupied Klagenfurt on June 6, 1919. For security reasons, the Carinthian state government had recently been temporarily relocated to Spittal an der Drau and later to St. Veit an der Glan. The troops had to withdraw again at the end of July 1919 after a referendum was held at the Paris Peace Conference on the fate of the disputed areas. The plebiscite of October 10, 1920 ultimately resulted in a clear majority for Carinthia and the Republic of Austria.
The economic consequences of the war - inflation and high unemployment - initially slowed down the further development of the city, which at times was unable to pay even the wages of its employees.
Period of National Socialism and the Second World War
With the “annexation” of Austria to the German Reich, Klagenfurt became the capital of the Carinthian district on March 12, 1938 ( Reichsgau from March 1, 1938 ). From October 1, 1938, East Tyrol and from April 17, 1941, Mießtal , which fell to Yugoslavia in 1918, and parts of Upper Carniola were also administered from Klagenfurt. Under the National Socialist mayor Friedrich von Franz, all previously published newspapers were discontinued and replaced by the Carinthian Grenzruf . The New Square was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz . In addition, numerous other squares and streets in the city were given the names of Nazi greats.
The young, small Jewish community in Klagenfurt (1934: 269 religious Jews) was almost completely wiped out during this time. During Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938, citizens of Klagenfurt devastated the prayer house in Platzgasse (which was later completely destroyed in a bombing raid), demolished Jewish apartments and desecrated the Jewish cemetery in St. Ruprecht. The bank accounts of the Jews in Carinthia were blocked, but the money is said to have been used in collaboration with the religious community to cover the travel costs of the emigrating Jews. Of all the Jews who were expelled from Carinthia or who emigrated “voluntarily”, 45 certainly died, but probably more died. Most of the Jews who remained in Klagenfurt were later arrested and deported to concentration camps; only a few were able to save themselves after 1939. In 1951 there were only nine Jewish citizens left in Klagenfurt.
On October 15, 1938, the previously independent community of Sankt Ruprecht and the towns of Sankt Peter, Annabichl and Sankt Martin as well as parts of the communities of Krumpendorf , Lendorf, Hörtendorf , Viktring and Maria Wörth were incorporated. This meant that the urban area grew from 618 hectares to 5,613 hectares (around nine times as much), and the population rose from 30,000 to over 50,000.
In the Lendorf district, prisoners from the Mauthausen concentration camp built a barracks and a “ Junker school ” for the Waffen-SS . The Klagenfurt-Lendorf concentration camp subcamp was located in the courtyard of today's Khevenhüller barracks.
After there had already been a smaller attack by the 9th US Air Fleet on Klagenfurt Airport in September 1943 , the first bombs fell on built-up urban areas on Sunday, January 16, 1944, at 11:41 a.m. The main targets were the area around the main train station and the tobacco factory on Kempfstrasse, where part of German aircraft production had been relocated from Wiener Neustadt to Klagenfurt. In three waves of attacks, 90 bombers dropped around 1,200 high-explosive bombs over the city. There were 234 deaths, 73 seriously injured and around 1,800 homeless people.
This attack was followed by 48 more by April 26, 1945, 12 of which were major attacks in which a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped. At the end of the war, 3,413 houses and 9,672 apartments had been destroyed. 60 percent of Klagenfurt's apartments were destroyed and 510 people were killed. 1665 Klagenfurt residents died as soldiers during the war.
Post-war and present
On May 8, 1945, British troops reached the city a few hours before the units of the Yugoslav armed forces and the Yugoslav partisans. The communist leadership of Yugoslavia under Marshal Tito , with the support of the Soviet Union , claimed Klagenfurt and large parts of Carinthia for themselves, but they encountered resistance from the British. However, the British were unable to prevent residents of the Klagenfurt district from being kidnapped by Yugoslav partisans.
Klagenfurt was part of the British zone until the end of the occupation in Austria in 1955. The English War Cemetery on Lilienthalstraße is still a reminder of this today.
In 1947, Austria's first district heating power plant was built in Klagenfurt, in 1955 the country's first high-rise building was built and in 1961, Wiener Gasse, together with Kramergasse, became the first designated pedestrian zone in Austria, which was soon expanded to include Alter Platz. The botanical garden , founded in 1862, was moved from Mießtalerstrasse to the former quarry on Kreuzbergl in 1958. The creation of the cathedral square by demolishing the Jesuit barracks , which had been damaged in the war, caused controversial discussions in the 1960s .
Science & Technology Park
A focus of city policy in the post-war period was the reconstruction and expansion of the school and university systems. With the establishment of the Federal High School for Slovenes in Klagenfurt in 1957, one of Austria's obligations in the State Treaty of 1955 was fulfilled. In addition, other educational centers were built with the aim of offering several training focuses for students in Klagenfurt, including the music high school in Viktring and the Mössingerstraße federal school center, which houses an HTL and a high school. The University of Education Sciences was founded in 1970, which subsequently became what is now the University of Klagenfurt .
As a result of the incorporation of four large neighboring communities ( Viktring , Hörtendorf , Wölfnitz and St. Peter am Bichl with the Ulrichsberg ) as well as some areas of neighboring communities ( Ebenthal , Maria Wörth , Poggersdorf , Liebenfels ) as part of the municipal reform in 1973, the municipal area became In 1938 it was expanded again significantly, by a good double, and reached its current size of 12,030 hectares.
Mosaic coat of arms for UEFA Euro 2008
On July 3, 2007, the local council decided to rename the city of Klagenfurt to “Klagenfurt am Wörthersee”, this was confirmed by the Carinthian state parliament. It was hoped that this would increase the city's marketing value. Critical voices, however, emphasized that Klagenfurt has only been located on Lake Wörthersee since the beginning of the 20th century through property purchases and that it has little in common with Lake Wörthersee in terms of cultural history.
The Wörthersee Stadium was rebuilt between 2006 and 2008 for the 2008 European Football Championship , and three preliminary round games took place in the stadium.
In 2015, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .
Schweighouse-sur-Moder (en allemand Schweighausen, prononcé en dialecte local "Schweighüse") est une commune française, située dans le département du Bas-Rhin et la région Alsace. Avant le 8 septembre 1949, la commune se nommait officiellement Schweighausen. Le 5 mars 1949, son conseil municipal ayant décrété que ce nom sonnait "trop allemand", pris la résolution de changer la dénomination du village en "Schweighouse-sur-Moder". Outre la question de la sonorité allemande, une raison invoquée fut reliée à un projet de création d'un grand cimetière national français sur le territoire de la commune, et au fait que l'orthographe "Schweighausen" aurait pu poser des problèmes aux visiteurs de l'intérieur, en raison de la présence d'une commune homonyme en Haute-Alsace. Néanmoins, ce projet de cimetière tomba aux oubliettes, et le nom resta comme il est aujourd'hui.
Le nom peut être décomposé en deux termes allemands : "Schweige ", à savoir "bétail" et "Haus ", à savoir "maison, demeure". En moyen haut-allemand, le pluriel en est "Husen " tandis que, en allemand contemporain, cela donne plutôt "Hausen ". On retrouve les différentes formes en Alsace, en plus des formes ayant résulté des différents processus de francisation : "House " ou "Hause ". Orthographié "Schweighouse" ou "Schweighausen", le nom du village peut se traduire par "maisons au bétail" (au pluriel).
Le village a un homonyme dans le Haut-Rhin : Schweighouse-Thann.
Les armes de Schweighouse-sur-Moder se blasonnent ainsi : « de sinople à la tour crénelée d'or maçonnée de sable ».
Source wikipedia
"Cape Matapan (Greek: Κάβο Ματαπάς, or Ματαπά in the Maniot dialect), also named as Cape Tainaron (Greek: Ακρωτήριον Ταίναρον), or Cape Tenaro, is situated at the end of the Mani Peninsula, Greece. Cape Matapan is the southernmost point of mainland Greece, and the second southernmost point in mainland Europe. It separates the Messenian Gulf in the west from the Laconian Gulf in the east.
"Cape Matapan has been an important place for thousands of years. The tip of Cape Matapan was the site of the ancient town Tenarus, near which there was (and still is) a cave that Greek legends claim was the home of Hades, the god of the dead. The ancient Spartans built several temples there, dedicated to various gods. On the hill situated above the cave, lie the remnants of an ancient temple dedicated to the sea god Poseidon (Νεκρομαντεῖον Ποσειδῶνος). Under the Byzantine Empire, the temple was converted into a Christian church, and Christian rites are conducted there to this day. Cape Matapan was once the place where mercenaries waited to be employed.
"At Cape Matapan, the Titanic's would-be rescue ship, the SS Californian, was torpedoed and sunk by German forces on 9 November 1915. In March 1941, a major naval battle, the Battle of Cape Matapan, occurred off the coast of Cape Matapan, between the Royal Navy and the Italian Regia Marina, in which the British emerged victorious in a one-sided encounter. The encounter's main result was to drastically reduce future Italian naval activity in the Eastern Mediterranean.
"More recently a lighthouse was constructed, but it is now in disuse."
Source: Wikipedia
Logotype for dialect magazine.
Featured on Logomoose.com - "a showcase for the very best logos from all over the world." www.logomoose.com/logo-design/dialect-magazine/
Lundi 26 janvier 2010, présentation et séance de dédicace à la Maison de l’Alsace, "Le gardien des âmes" par l’auteur Pierre KRETZ
Un Alsacien se terre dans sa cave parmi les fantômes du passé…
Un grand roman sur le poids de la guerre et le difficile travail de mémoire en Alsace
- Par l’auteur du best-seller Quand j’étais petit, j’étais catholique.
- Des soldats de 14-18 à la fin de la guerre d’Algérie en passant par les Malgré Nous, l’histoire de plusieurs générations d’Alsaciens.
Grave, sans tabou et pourtant plein d’humour, un texte sensible et poignant sur tout ce qui contribue à l’identité alsacienne : la langue, les changements successifs de nationalité, la dérision…
L’OUVRAGE
Voici le roman qui manquait à l’Alsace ! Voici une œuvre littéraire qui en dit bien plus sur une histoire malmenée et sur une mémoire meurtrie que tant de livres de souvenirs ou d’érudition. Dans un long monologue sans complaisance, non dénué de tendresse et d’humour, un homme raconte pourquoi il s’est retiré du monde. Volontairement reclus dans la cave de sa maison familiale, au cœur d’un petit village alsacien semblable à tous les autres, entouré de photos et de documents, il s’est transformé en « gardien des âmes », celles des soldats disparus en Russlànd, des femmes restées seules, des anciens de la guerre d’Algérie. En cherchant à renouer, dans une impossible psychanalyse, les fils d’une histoire familiale déchirée par les violences de l’histoire, il fait revivre les figures de ses proches, parents et amis d’enfance. Sa confession, belle et envoûtante, ouvre les portes d’un apaisement, d’une sérénité lucide. D’une réconciliation.
Avec ce roman tendu comme un arc et émouvant comme un coucher de soleil, Pierre Kretz exprime la forte humanité qui avait séduit les nombreux lecteurs de Quand j’étais petit, j’étais catholique.
Aux Éditions La Nuée Bleue : www.nueebleue.com
L’AUTEUR
Né en 1950 à Sélestat, Pierre Kretz a exercé pendant 25 ans la profession d’avocat à Strasbourg. Parallèlement, il a initié de nombreuses aventures théâtrales, principalement en dialecte alsacien, en tant que comédien, auteur et metteur en scène.
Maison de l’Alsace (Maison régionale pour promouvoir l’Alsace à Paris)
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75008 PARIS
Métro : lignes 1 et 9 Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Parking : rue Pierre Charron
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E-mail : info@maison-alsace.com
Knucker is a dialect word for a kind of water dragon, living in knuckerholes in Sussex, England. The word comes from the Old English nicor which means "water monster" and is used in the poem Beowulf.
The most famous Knucker lived, according to legend, at Lyminster. The Knucker apparently caused a lot of trouble, consuming local livestock and even villagers, and so it was decided to slay the monster. A number of different legends recount how this was done.
One version has the dragon slain by a knight-errant after the king of Sussex offered his daughter's hand in marriage to whoever rid them of the beast. Legend says that after marrying the princess, the knight settled in Lyminster and his gravestone, the Slayer's Slab, can be seen in Lyminster church.
An alternative legend has the dragon outwitted by a local farmer's boy, called Jim Pulk or Jim Puttock, said in some versions to be from Wick, after the Mayor of Arundel offered a reward. He killed the dragon by cooking it a giant poisoned pie, which he took to the knuckerhole on a horse and cart. The dragon ate up pie, horse and cart. When it had expired the boy returned and cut off its head. In some versions he then dies himself, probably of the same poison he used on the dragon, though this is possibly a later addition designed to explain the Slayer's Slab.
It was believed that knuckers could be found at knuckerholes in various places in Sussex, including Lyminster, Lancing, Shoreham and Worthing.
A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species Bos taurus (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including bullfighting and bull riding.
Due to their temperament, handling of bulls requires precautions.
Nomenclature
See also: List of animal names
The female counterpart to a bull is a cow, while a male of the species that has been castrated is a steer, ox, or bullock, although in North America, this last term refers to a young bull. Use of these terms varies considerably with area and dialect. Colloquially, people unfamiliar with cattle may also refer to steers and heifers as "cows", and bovines of aggressive or long-horned breeds as "bulls" regardless of sex.
A wild, young, unmarked bull is known as a micky in Australia.[3] Improper or late castration on a bull results in him becoming a coarse steer, also known as a stag in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. In some countries, an incompletely castrated male is known also as a rig or ridgling.
The word "bull" also denotes the males of other bovines, including bison and water buffalo, as well as many other species of large animals, including elephants, rhinos, seals and walruses, hippos, camels, giraffes, elk, moose, whales, dolphins, and antelopes.
Characteristics
Bulls are much more muscular than cows, with thicker bones, larger feet, a very muscular neck, and a large, bony head with protective ridges over the eyes. These features assist bulls in fighting for domination over a herd, giving the winner superior access to cows for reproduction. The hair is generally shorter on the body, but the neck and head often have a "mane" of curlier, wooly hair. Bulls are usually about the same height as cows or a little taller, but because of the additional muscle and bone mass, they often weigh far more. Most of the time, a bull has a hump on his shoulders.
In horned cattle, the horns of bulls tend to be thicker and somewhat shorter than those of cows, and in many breeds, they curve outwards in a flat arc rather than upwards in a lyre shape. It is not true, as is commonly believed, that bulls have horns and cows do not: the presence of horns depends on the breed, or in horned breeds on whether the horns have been disbudded. (It is true, however, that in many breeds of sheep only the males have horns.) Cattle that naturally do not have horns are referred to as polled, or muleys.
Castrated male cattle are physically similar to females in build and horn shape, although if allowed to reach maturity, they may be considerably taller than either bulls or cows, with heavily muscled shoulders and necks.
Bulls become fertile around seven months of age. Their fertility is closely related to the size of their testicles, and one simple test of fertility is to measure the circumference of the scrotum; a young bull is likely to be fertile once this reaches 28 centimetres (11 in); that of a fully adult bull may be over 40 centimetres (16 in). Bulls have a fibroelastic penis. Given the small amount of erectile tissue, little enlargement occurs after erection. The penis is quite rigid when not erect, and becomes even more rigid during erection. Protrusion is not affected much by erection, but more by relaxation of the retractor penis muscle and straightening of the sigmoid flexure. Bulls are occasionally affected by a condition known as "corkscrew penis". The penis of a mature bull is about 3–4 cm in diameter, and 80–100 cm in length. The bull's glans penis has a rounded and elongated shape.
Misconceptions
A common misconception widely repeated in depictions of bull behavior is that the color red angers bulls, inciting them to charge. In fact, like most mammals, cattle are red–green color blind. In bullfighting, the movement of the matador's cape, and not the color, provokes a reaction in the bull.
Management
Beef production
Other than the few bulls needed for breeding, the vast majority of male cattle are castrated and slaughtered for meat before the age of three years, except where they are needed (castrated) as work oxen for haulage. Most of these beef animals are castrated as calves to reduce aggressive behavior and prevent unwanted mating, although some are reared as uncastrated bull beef. A bull is typically ready for slaughter one or two months sooner than a castrated male or a female, and produces proportionately more and leaner muscle.
Frame score is a useful way of describing the skeletal size of bulls and other cattle. Frame scores can be used as an aid to predict mature cattle sizes and aid in the selection of beef bulls. They are calculated from hip height and age. In sales catalogues, this measurement is frequently reported in addition to weight and other performance data such as estimated breed value.
Temperament and handling
Adult bulls may weigh between 500 and 1,000 kg (1,100 and 2,200 lb). Most are capable of aggressive behavior and require careful handling to ensure the safety of humans and other animals. Those of dairy breeds may be more prone to aggression, while beef breeds are somewhat less aggressive, though beef breeds such as the Spanish Fighting Bull and related animals are also noted for aggressive tendencies, which are further encouraged by selective breeding.
An estimated 42% of all livestock-related fatalities in Canada are a result of bull attacks, and fewer than one in 20 victims of a bull attack survives. Dairy breed bulls are particularly dangerous and unpredictable; the hazards of bull handling are a significant cause of injury and death for dairy farmers in some parts of the United States. The need to move a bull in and out of its pen to cover cows exposes the handler to serious jeopardy of life and limb. Being trampled, jammed against a wall, or gored by a bull was one of the most frequent causes of death in the dairy industry before 1940.[1] With regard to such risks, one popular farming magazine has suggested, "Handle the bull with a staff and take no chances. The gentle bull, not the vicious one, most often kills or maims his keeper".
Handling
In many areas, placing rings in bulls' noses to help control them is traditional. The ring is usually made of copper, and is inserted through a small hole cut in the septum of the nose. It is used by attaching a lead rope either directly to it or running through it from a head collar, or for more difficult bulls, a bull pole (or bull staff) may be used. This is a rigid pole about 1 m (3 ft) long with a clip at one end; this attaches to the ring and allows the bull both to be led and to be held away from his handler.
An aggressive bull may be kept confined in a bull pen, a robustly constructed shelter and pen, often with an arrangement to allow the bull to be fed without entering the pen. If an aggressive bull is allowed to graze outside, additional precautions may be needed to help avoid him harming people. One method is a bull mask, which either covers the bull's eyes completely, or restricts his vision to the ground immediately in front of him, so he cannot see his potential victim. Another method is to attach a length of chain to the bull's nose-ring, so that if he ducks his head to charge, he steps on the chain and is brought up short. Alternatively, the bull may be hobbled, or chained by his ring or by a collar to a solid object such as a ring fixed into the ground.
In larger pastures, particularly where a bull is kept with other cattle, the animals may simply be fed from a pickup truck or tractor, the vehicle itself providing some protection for the humans involved. Generally, bulls kept with cows tend to be less aggressive than those kept alone. In herd situations, cows with young calves are often more dangerous to humans. In the off season, multiple bulls may be kept together in a "bachelor herd".
Artificial insemination
Many cattle ranches and stations run bulls with cows, and most dairy or beef farms traditionally had at least one, if not several, bulls for purposes of herd maintenance.[32][33] However, the problems associated with handling a bull (particularly where cows must be removed from his presence to be worked) has prompted many dairy farmers to restrict themselves to artificial insemination (AI) of the cows. Semen is removed from the bulls and stored in canisters of liquid nitrogen, where it is kept until it can be sold, at which time it can be very profitable; in fact, many ranchers keep bulls specifically for this purpose. AI is also used to improve the quality of a herd, or to introduce an outcross of bloodlines. Some ranchers prefer to use AI to allow them to breed to several different bulls in a season or to breed their best stock to a higher-quality bull than they could afford to purchase outright. AI may also be used in conjunction with embryo transfer to allow cattle producers to add new breeding to their herds.
Relationship with humans
Aside from their reproductive duties, bulls are also used in certain sports, including bullfighting and bull-riding. They are also incorporated into festivals and folk events such as the Running of the Bulls and were seen in ancient sports such as bull-leaping. Though less common than castrated males, bulls are used as draught oxen in some areas. The once-popular sport of bull-baiting, in which a bull is attacked by specially bred and trained dogs (which came to be known as bulldogs), was banned in England by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835.
As with other animals, some bulls have been regarded as pets. The singer Charo, for instance, has owned a pet bull named Manolo.
Significance in human culture
Sacred bulls have held a place of significance in human culture since before the beginning of recorded history. They appear in cave paintings estimated to be up to 17,000 years old. The mythic Bull of Heavens plays a role in the ancient Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, dating as far back as 2150 BC. The importance of the bull is reflected in its appearance in the zodiac as Taurus, and its numerous appearances in mythology, where it is often associated with fertility. See also Korban. In Hinduism, a bull named Nandi, usually depicted seated, is worshipped as the vehicle of the god Shiva and depicted on many of the images of that deity.
Symbolically, the bull appears commonly in heraldry. Bulls appears as charges and crests on the arms of several British families. Winged bulls appear as supporters in the arms of the Worshipful Company of Butchers. In modern times, the bull is used as a mascot by both amateur and professional sports teams.
Bulls also have a special significance in Spanish culture, where the Running of the Bulls celebration occurs every year in summer. During this festival, a group of human runners called "mozos" try to outrace a group of bulls running behind them, while large crowds watch the entire race.
A popular NBA team, the Chicago Bulls, features the bull as its mascot.
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From 19 to 21 August 2016 in the Sicilian town of Ali, there was the so-called "Great Feast" ("Festa Ranni" in Sicilian dialect) in honor of their patron Saint Agatha.
The feast, which lasts three days, it is called "Feast Ranni" (Great Feast) to emphasize the exceptional nature of the event, since it falls only once every ten years. Preparations officially begin early as a month before and are involved both the "ciliary" (ie families entrusted from time to time, which shall prepare at their own expense at the solemn celebration for Her Patron Saint), both the "Deputation of St. Agatha" collaborating with the parish priest, plays a role during the organizational phase.
The passage of the Holy Relics of the Martyr Agatha in the village of Ali (Messina) in their return to Catania, on the morning of August 17 of the year 1126, it was for this Sicilian center an extraordinary and grandiose event, that led to the building of the great Mother Church , which took place in the sixteenth century; then the celebration of the annual festival but especially the so-called "Great Feast", which recalls the three-day feasts taking place in the city of Catania.
We don't known the origins of this ancient feast, whose complex ritual was entrusted, almost to the present day only to the oral tradition; Father Seraphim of Ali (junior) speaks in 1754, in his book "Of story of Ali and his territory".
Long and laborious preparations are assigned to two groups each formed by twelve families belonging to two different districts of the country, they receive instructions to draw up each other's "Ciliium of Bread" and the other the "Cilium of Girls". These families are appointed by the Deputation of St. Agatha (Advisory body that exercises within the Church Mother, economic and organizational functions) and by the parish priest.
The names of the families of "ciliary", as they are called, are made known by the parish priest, after the morning Mass of the 5 February of the current year.
Traditionally the families of "Ciliium of Girls" traveling in neighboring countries (Fiumedinisi, Itala and Ali Terme) with the sound of the accordion and tambourine, to communicate the imminent date of the festivities and take offerings and gold jewelry in part borrowed, in part donated, to adorn the "Cilium of Girls".
Liturgical events are intertwined with the traditional folk feast. The Feast attracts many faithful and many emigrants who, for the occasion, return to their native village of Ali. The last day of celebration the two Ciliums and the float of St. Agatha are carried in procession through the city.
Postscript: This report is dedicated to the German family of Jewish origin, consisting of father, mother and two children, on a boat they decided to take his own life to escape their Nazi persecutors, by binding them all together, and weighted with stones, they threw themselves off the waters of Mazzaro (Taormina); they were later fished out by now without life, by local fishermen: in the "graveyard of foreigners" of Taormina, now for ever and ever close together, they rest in peace.
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Dal 19 al 21 Agosto 2016 nel paese Siciliano di Alì (Messina) si è svolta una caratteristica festa, della quale propongo un report fotografico.
La Festa , durata infatti tre giorni, è denominata "Festa Ranni" (Festa Grande) per porre in risalto l'eccezionalità del fenomeno e la grandiosità dell’evento, poiché essa ricade una sola volta ogni dieci anni. I preparativi iniziano ufficialmente già un mese prima e vedono coinvolti sia i “ciliari” (cioè le famiglie incaricate di volta in volta e scelte a rotazione, che provvedono a preparare a proprie spese la festa solenne per la Santa Patrona, con l’allestimento dei due “cilii” ovvero le due “vare” anche intese come “cerei”), sia la “Deputazione di S. Agata” che collaborando con il Parroco, svolge un ruolo durante la fase organizzativa.
Il passaggio delle Sacre Reliquie della Martire catanese dal paese di Ali (Messina) nel rientro loro verso Catania, la mattina del 17 agosto dell’anno 1126 , fu per questo centro Siciliano un evento straordinario e grandioso, che portarono alla edificazione della grande Chiesa Madre, avvenuta nel XVI secolo, quindi alla celebrazione della festa annuale ma soprattutto della così detta “Festa Ranni”, che ricorda i tre giorni di festa che avvengono nella città di Catania.
Oscure sono le origini e le antiche modalità di svolgimento di questa festa, il cui complesso rituale è stato affidato, fin quasi ai nostri giorni esclusivamente alla tradizione orale, Padre Serafino d’Alì (junior) ne parla nel 1754, nel suo libro “Della storia di Alì e suo territoro”.
Lunghi e laboriosi sono i preparativi affidati a due gruppi formati ciascuno da dodici famiglie appartenenti a due diversi quartieri del paese, che ricevono l’incarico di allestire l'uno il "Cilio del Pane" e l'altro il "Cilio delle Ragazze". Queste famiglie vengono nominate dalla Deputazione di S. Agata (Organo consultivo che esercita all’interno della Chiesa Madre, funzioni economico-organizzative) e dal Parroco, e la loro scelta segue una rotazione tale che nel corso degli anni nessun nucleo familiare, e di conseguenza nessun quartiere, ne rimane escluso.
I nomi dei "Ciliari", così vengono denominati, vengono resi noti dal Parroco, al termine della messa mattutina del 5 Febbraio dell’anno prestabilito per la Festa.
Come già detto sopra, ogni gruppo provvede autonomamente ad allestire l'uno il "Cilio del Pane" l'altro il "Cilio delle Ragazze".
Per tradizione le 12 famiglie di “ciliari delle ragazze”, anche loro sempre accompagnate da un nutrito gruppo (soprattutto giovani), si recano nei paesi vicini (Fiumedinisi, Itala e Alì Terme) a suon di fisarmonica e tamburello, per comunicare l’imminente data dei festeggiamenti e per raccogliere offerte e monili d’oro in parte in prestito, in parte ceduti, per adornare il “cilio delle ragazze”.
Le manifestazioni liturgiche si intrecciano con quelle folkloristiche; la festa richiama numerosi fedeli e parecchi emigrati che, per l’occasione, fanno ritorno al paese natio di Alì. L’ultimo giorno di festa i due cilii ed il fercolo di S. Agata vengono portati in processione lungo le vie cittadine.
Post scriptum: questo report lo dedico alla famiglia tedesca di origine ebrea, composta da padre, madre e da due bambini, che su di una barca decise di togliersi la vita per sfuggire ai loro persecutori nazisti, essi legandosi tutti tra di loro, ed appesantiti con pietre, si gettarono al largo delle acque di Mazzarò (Taormina); essi vennero poi ripescati, oramai senza vita, dai pescatori locali: nel “cimitero degli stranieri” di Taormina riposano le loro spoglie mortali.
Fogo Island is the largest of the offshore islands of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It lies off the northeast coast of Newfoundland, northwest of Musgrave Harbour across Hamilton Sound, just east of Change Islands. The island is about 25 km long and 14 km wide. The total area is 237.71 km² (91.78 sq mi). The island had a population of 2,706 people in the 2006 census. The original settlement of the island took place in the 18th century and the area remained isolated well into the 20th century. The English and Irish descendants of the first inhabitants retained traces of their Elizabethan English and Old Irish dialects which can be heard on the island today. The island has many ancient folk customs brought from England and Ireland that are now disappearing.
Rangiroa (en el dialecto local Ragiroa o Ra'iroa) es un atolón de las Tuamotu, en la Polinesia Francesa. Está situado al noroeste del archipiélago, a 350 km de Tahití. Sus coordenadas son: 15°05′S 147°48′O
Es uno de los atolones más grandes del mundo, con un total de 1640 km²; de superfecie, y una laguna de 78 km de largo con una profundidad entre 20 y 35 m. El escollo está formado por 241 islotes y bancos de arena de un ancho de entre 300 y 600 m. Hay cuatro pasos entre el océano y la laguna. Los dos más importantes están al norte, junto a las villas de Avatoru y Tiputa que concentran la mayor parte de la población. Con 2.145 habitantes (censo de 1996) es el atolón más poblado de las Tuamotu. La población vive del turismo, la pesca y el cultivo de perlas negras.
The Japanese word Gyōza (ギョーザ, ギョウザ) was derived from the reading of 餃子 in the Shandong Chinese dialect (giaozi) and is written using the same Chinese characters.
The most prominent differences of Japanese-style gyōza from Chinese style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and the fact that Japanese gyōza are very lightly flavored with salt, soy, and that the gyōza wrappers are much thinner. They are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or Rāyu (known as chili oil in English, làyóu (辣油) in China). The most common recipe found is a mixture of minced pork, cabbage, and Nira (Chinese chives), and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped into thinly-rolled dough skins. In essence, gyōza are a cross between pierogi and egg rolls.
Gyōza can be found in supermarkets and restaurants throughout Japan. Pan-fried Gyōza are sold as a side dish in almost all ramen and Chinese restaurants.
The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called Yaki-gyōza (焼き餃子), in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the gyōza is steamed. Other popular methods include boiled Sui-gyōza (水餃子) and deep fried Age-gyōza (揚げ餃子).
Store bought frozen dumplings are often prepared at home by first placing them in a pot of water which is brought to a boil, and then transferring them to a pan with oil to fry the skin.
Photographed near Hallplatz.
"Nuremberg (/ˈnjʊərəmbɜːrɡ/ NURE-əm-burg; German: Nürnberg [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch [ˈnɛmbɛrç]) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 545,000 inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.
Nuremberg sits on the Pegnitz, which carries the name Regnitz from its confluence with the Rednitz in Fürth onwards (Pegnitz→ Regnitz→ Main→ Rhine→ North Sea), and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, that connects the North Sea to the Black Sea. Lying in the Bavarian administrative region of Middle Franconia, it is the largest city and unofficial capital of the entire cultural region of Franconia. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Reichswald, a large forest, and in the north lies Knoblauchsland (garlic land), an extensive vegetable growing area and cultural landscape.
The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of Fürth, Erlangen and Schwabach, which is the heart of an urban area region with around 1.4 million inhabitants, while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has a population of approximately 3.6 million. It is the largest city in the East Franconian dialect area (colloquially: "Franconian"; German: Fränkisch).
Nuremberg and Fürth were once connected by the Bavarian Ludwig Railway, the first steam-hauled and overall second railway opened in Germany (1835). Today, the U1 of the Nuremberg Subway, which is the first German subway with driverless, automatically moving railcars, runs along this route. Nuremberg Airport (Flughafen Nürnberg "Albrecht Dürer") is the second-busiest airport in Bavaria after Munich Airport, and the tenth-busiest airport of the country.
Institutions of higher education in Nuremberg include the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), Germany's 11th-largest university, with campuses in Erlangen and Nuremberg and a university hospital in Erlangen (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen), Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm and Hochschule für Musik Nürnberg. The Nuremberg exhibition centre (Messe Nürnberg) is one of the biggest convention center companies in Germany and operates worldwide.
Nuremberg Castle and the city's walls, with their many towers, are among the most impressive in Europe. Staatstheater Nürnberg is one of the five Bavarian state theatres, showing operas, operettas, musicals, and ballets (main venue: Nuremberg Opera House), plays (main venue: Schauspielhaus Nürnberg), as well as concerts (main venue: Meistersingerhalle). Its orchestra, the Staatsphilharmonie Nürnberg, is Bavaria's second-largest opera orchestra after the Bavarian State Opera's Bavarian State Orchestra in Munich. Nuremberg is the birthplace of Albrecht Dürer and Johann Pachelbel. 1. FC Nürnberg is the most famous football club of the city and one of the most successful football clubs in Germany. Nuremberg was one of the host cities of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).
Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.
Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.
Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.
The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
The Orkney Dictionary wis set furth bi The Orkney Language & Culture Group (Kirkwal) in 1996. (ISBN 0 9529324 0 7).
This dictionar gies the by-leid, or dialect, as spoken in the Orkney Isles.
Photie bi Dr Dauvit Horsbroch.
This Chinese Opera is performed in the Teochew - another Chinese dialect found in the Southern part of China.
Este queso debe su nombre al diminutivo de la palabra cabra en el dialecto poitevin del Alto Loira. Es un queso pequeño, en forma de tambor que alcanza su mejor punto en verano y principios de otoño. La versión con DOP se elabora artesanalmente en las granjas de Poitou con leche cruda, pero es escaso incluso en Francia. No obstante, las versiones con leche pasteurizada elaboradas en queserías son correctas y más fáciles de encontrar. La etiqueta indica Chabichou, sin "du Poitou", y la denominación -laitier. Otras se conocen con el nombre de Chabrichou, Chabi o Cabrichiu.. Todas las versiones poseen una corteza natural de color beige que en algunos casos presenta algunas motas azules con la maduración. La pasta blanca es firme y correosa cuando el queso es joven, pero al madurar adquiere una textura húmeda, casi para untar. El sabor evoluciona de suave y dulce a un toque más almendrado y sazonado. Todos presentan aroma " a cabra".
En dialecto Cumanagoto “Chakau” significa “Arena”, y hace referencia al suelo del fértil valle que era dominado por el cacique.
Chacao tiene como punto de partida la vida del cacique Chacao: valiente jefe indígena de origen Caribe, temido y respetado por los conquistadores españoles, que controlaba amplias zonas del centro y este de lo que hoy conocemos como el valle de Caracas.
Según cuenta la tradición, Chacao entregó su vida durante un ataque a un campamento de soldados españoles, al rescatar a dos niños indígenas que fueron secuestrados por los conquistadores para provocar la confrontación con el jefe indígena. Durante la batalla, Chacao logra liberar a los pequeños pero cae herido de muerte, acabando así con el último bastión de resistencia indígena en Caracas.
Al fundar la ciudad de Caracas, el 25 de julio de 1567, el conquistador Diego de Losada incluyó en su jurisdicción a esa fértil llanura, que muchos visitantes, como el barón Alejandro Von Humboldt, llegaron a considerar como sitio ideal para la conformación de una ciudad.
El primer asentamiento criollo en la zona se fundó casi un siglo después, debido a la inmigración de damnificados del terremoto de San Bernabé, que dejó a Caracas en ruinas el 11 de junio de 1641.
Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Municipal del 15 de junio de 1989, la figura del Distrito Sucre desaparece, naciendo el Municipio Sucre actual, el cual es desmembrado de su parte occidental, creándose así tres nuevos municipios foráneos: Baruta, El Hatillo y Chacao.
Newcastle Road, Sunderland
Photo by Mike Pearce
VN
Vρ = 50%
Decile 1
Mobile shop name
Bait
Bill Griffiths’ Dictionary of North East Dialect defines bait (sometimes spelled 'bate') as ‘a portable meal’ (2011:6). This seems to be how the word is being used on the side of a mobile food stall in Sunderland.
In modern Standard English the word is used to describe food used to lure prey, particularly in the context of fishing. Its origins lie in the Old English noun bát – ‘what can be bitten’ (i.e. ‘food’), which derives from the past tense of bítan (‘bite’). Cognate with bát are the Old Norse nouns beit ('pasturage') and beita ('food'). The link with animal feed is significant, since – as the Oxford English Dictionary records – historical evidence suggests that bait is often used to describe food for domestic animals, particularly horses.
What is now generally regarded as the North East sense of bait once had a wider geographical spread. Joseph Wright, in Volume 1 of the English Dialect Dictionary (1898) defines bait as a ‘workman or labourer's meal in the middle of the day’ and cites evidence for its occurrence in this sense in locations as far apart as Northumberland and Sussex.
Interestingly, nineteenth-century lexicographical sources record bait- occurring in a number of compounds: Wright gives bait-bag, bait-house, bait-irons, bait-poke, and bait-time. To this list we can now add -box.
References
Griffiths, B. 2011. A Dictionary of North East Dialect (3rd edition). Alnwick: Northumbria Press.
Wright, J. 1898. The English Dialect Dictionary, Vol. I. Oxford: Henry Frowde.
Oxford English Dictionary Online.
The indigenous Kaqchikel people here, in central Guatemala, speak the Kaqchikel (Kachiquel) dialect.
IMG_8474 R2
En dialecto Cumanagoto “Chakau” significa “Arena”, y hace referencia al suelo del fértil valle que era dominado por el cacique.
Chacao tiene como punto de partida la vida del cacique Chacao: valiente jefe indígena de origen Caribe, temido y respetado por los conquistadores españoles, que controlaba amplias zonas del centro y este de lo que hoy conocemos como el valle de Caracas.
Según cuenta la tradición, Chacao entregó su vida durante un ataque a un campamento de soldados españoles, al rescatar a dos niños indígenas que fueron secuestrados por los conquistadores para provocar la confrontación con el jefe indígena. Durante la batalla, Chacao logra liberar a los pequeños pero cae herido de muerte, acabando así con el último bastión de resistencia indígena en Caracas.
Al fundar la ciudad de Caracas, el 25 de julio de 1567, el conquistador Diego de Losada incluyó en su jurisdicción a esa fértil llanura, que muchos visitantes, como el barón Alejandro Von Humboldt, llegaron a considerar como sitio ideal para la conformación de una ciudad.
El primer asentamiento criollo en la zona se fundó casi un siglo después, debido a la inmigración de damnificados del terremoto de San Bernabé, que dejó a Caracas en ruinas el 11 de junio de 1641.
Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Municipal del 15 de junio de 1989, la figura del Distrito Sucre desaparece, naciendo el Municipio Sucre actual, el cual es desmembrado de su parte occidental, creándose así tres nuevos municipios foráneos: Baruta, El Hatillo y Chacao.
The Japanese word Gyōza (ギョーザ, ギョウザ) was derived from the reading of 餃子 in the Shandong Chinese dialect (giaozi) and is written using the same Chinese characters.
The most prominent differences of Japanese-style gyōza from Chinese style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and the fact that Japanese gyōza are very lightly flavored with salt, soy, and that the gyōza wrappers are much thinner. They are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or Rāyu (known as chili oil in English, làyóu (辣油) in China). The most common recipe found is a mixture of minced pork, cabbage, and Nira (Chinese chives), and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped into thinly-rolled dough skins. In essence, gyōza are a cross between pierogi and egg rolls.
Gyōza can be found in supermarkets and restaurants throughout Japan. Pan-fried Gyōza are sold as a side dish in almost all ramen and Chinese restaurants.
The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called Yaki-gyōza (焼き餃子), in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the gyōza is steamed. Other popular methods include boiled Sui-gyōza (水餃子) and deep fried Age-gyōza (揚げ餃子).
Store bought frozen dumplings are often prepared at home by first placing them in a pot of water which is brought to a boil, and then transferring them to a pan with oil to fry the skin.
Dumenza ( Duménsa in Varese dialect ) is an Italian municipality of 1,438 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy .
It is made up of the hamlets of Runo , Due Cossani , Stivigliano, Trezzino, Vignone and Torbera and other various localities.
Physical geography
The territory is crossed by the Rio Colmegnino , which originates in the locality of Regordallo ( Due Cossani ) from Mount Colmegnino and flows into Lake Maggiore at the level of the Colmegna di Luino hamlet . However, the valley dug in this way takes the name of Val Dumentina (also called Valle Smeralda due to its green colours). To the north of Colmegnino stands Monte Lema , which with its 1624 meters above sea level is an excellent panoramic peak, the highest in the Luinese area, served by a cable car on the Swiss side , from Miglieglia . In fact, Dumenza borders Switzerland and hosts a pedestrian crossing in Palone (Dumenza). To the north, however, it borders Val Veddasca , which can be accessed by continuing along provincial road 6.
Origins of the name
Various theories justify the toponym . The most probable is that it derives from a person's name: in the lists of "fires" (i.e. families) of the municipality, the name Dugmentio appears among some heads of families . It could derive from dux mensae or from loco mensa . In fact, only in one historical document, from another municipality, does it appear as Locomenza .
History
Two stone brackets decorated with human faces, found by the parish priest Parapini in the church, date back to 909. They are now found at the base of the tower. But these districts are already mentioned in an 18th century document which testifies how King Liutprand donated the lands of Valtravaglia to the monastery of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro in Pavia .
The bell tower of the church of San Giorgio , in Runo , seems to have had a military role in the period preceding the year one thousand , during the various barbarian invasions : the road, in fact, which led from Varese to Luino and then to Dumenza, was the only one that accessed Bellinzona , as the long lake did not exist. It was probably part of a system of towers along these valleys, of which Runo's is the only one surviving.
From the 16th century it was under the lordship of the rich and powerful Moriggia family .
In the Napoleonic era the municipality annexed Runo for the first time . The first city council was elected in 1821 . In 1928 fascism gave the municipality its current extension by incorporating Due Cossani and Runo.
Monuments and places of interest
The church of San Nazario.
The church of the Immaculate Conception (of the former institute of the Ursuline nuns).
The church of San Giorgio in Runo
The historic center of Dumenza is characterized by rural houses with large sunny balconies.
Stivigliano maintains its medieval conformation intact, with narrow streets and houses close together. An old turret [6] is visible overlooking the Val Dumentina, evidently for military purposes.
Luino ( Lüìn in Varese dialect ), called Luvino until 1889, is an Italian municipality of 14,185 inhabitants in the province of Varese in Lombardy . The city, which overlooks the eastern shore of Lake Maggiore or Verbano, also nicknamed "Costa Fiorita", is best known for hosting a well-known market every Wednesday, which involves the entire city center and is a tourist attraction.
It is an important center for tourism and the economy of the upper Varese area. It borders Switzerland to the east , via the Fornasette pass.
Physical geography
Territory
The territory of the municipality is approximately 220 meters above sea level . It is about 23 km from Varese , the capital of the province of the same name to which the municipality belongs.
Climate
The climate of Luino, like that of the entire northern basin of Lake Maggiore , is extremely rainy. The average annual rainfall is between 1800 and 2500 mm in the municipal area. These precipitation values are approximately double those recorded in the city of Milan and triple the averages of the other locations in the Po Valley . Solar radiation is one of the lowest in Italy, with an average of just 4736 MJ/m 2 .
History
Formerly an ancient medieval village of Roman origin, (3rd century necropolises have been found where the railway station is now located, which in the past had great importance: before the birth of the Como-Chiasso axis, it was, in fact, an obligatory passage for the Gotthard ). Luino is mentioned for the first time in official documentation dating back to 1169 with the name of Luvino , which derives from the proper name Luvinum and remained until the royal decree of 27 January 1889, No. 5932, made the current name official .
It is a town located a few kilometers from the Swiss border, on the pre-Alpine slopes surrounding Lake Maggiore . Ernest Hemingway writes in A Farewell to Arms :
«I saw a wedge-shaped gap in the mountains on the other bank and thought it must be Luino»
During the Middle Ages it was the subject of contention between powerful Milanese and Como families, yet still managed to defend its freedom and municipal autonomy. It was occupied in 1512 by the Swiss, but was then reconquered again by the Sforza in 1515. Charles V assigned it the market right in 1541 , alternating with that of Maccagno which until then had enjoyed exclusivity; the concession was confirmed in 1786 and saw Luino winning over Laveno who aspired to obtain the same prerogative. The market is currently held, and has been for many years, on Wednesday of each week. In 1821 the City Council was elected for the first time .
In 1848 the Piedmontese patriots landed here to make the town rise up against foreign occupation and Garibaldi fought against the Austrians in Luina. In 1867, the city dedicated its first Italian monument to the Nice general, when he was, among other things, still alive.
In 1882 the international railway line was inaugurated which connected Luino to Bellinzona , capital of the Canton of Ticino . The local station therefore became an international transit point, especially for goods coming down from Central Europe , through the San Gottardo railway tunnel , to head to the port of Genoa . The improvement of connections (although never fully implemented in the face of the many projects formulated) promoted, in the second half of the nineteenth century, a lively and prolific industrialization in the Luinese area.
Symbols
The coat of arms and the banner were granted by decree of the President of the Republic of 27 April 1970.
«D'azzurro, at the silver castle , on a green terrace, crenellated in the Guelph style, damaged by a swan also in silver, closed in black, towered with two windowed pieces of the field: all lowered to a gold cape , loaded with a black eagle, crowned with the same. Exterior ornaments from the city.
Flag
«Two stripes, one light blue, the other gold: the latter up for auction.
Monuments and places of interest
Religious architecture
Provost Church of St. Peter and Paul
Church of St. Peter
Church of San Giuseppe , there is a late Baroque organ from 1683, which underwent restoration by Vincenzo Mascioni and sons in the early twentieth century.
Sanctuary of the Madonna del Carmine , there is an organ from 1857 by Francesco Camisi, in neoclassical style
Church of Santa Caterina (in Colmegna)
Church of Santa Maria Assunta (in Voldomino)
Church of San Biagio (in Voldomino)
Church of Our Lady of Lourdes (in Creva)
Church of S. Maria Immacolata Motte
BVA Addolorata Church Pianazzo
BVCarmelo Longhirolo Church
BVRosario Church Roggiolo
Other places of interest
Palazzo Verbania , an Art Nouveau building from the early 1900s overlooking the lake, recently reopened after a few years of restoration.
Palazzo Crivelli Serbelloni, seat of the town hall, built in 1775 by the architect Carlo Felice Soave , remained unfinished.
Villa Hussy
Statue of Garibaldi, the work of the sculptor Alessandro Puttinati : in addition to being the first to have been dedicated to him in Italy, it was erected in 1867 when the hero of two worlds was still alive.
In Luino there is the 3V nature trail.
Foreign ethnic groups and minorities
According to ISTAT data as of 31 December 2010, the resident foreign population was 1,039 people.
The most represented nationalities based on their percentage of the total resident population were:
Morocco 179 - 17.23%
Albania 124 - 11.93%
Romania 102 - 9.82%
Switzerland 85 - 8.18%
Germany 84 - 8.08%
Ukraine 75 - 7.22%
Culture
Education
" Vittorio Sereni " Scientific High School in Luino
ISIS City of Luino "Carlo Volontè"
Bernardino Luini State Comprehensive Institute, lower secondary school
Maria Ausiliatrice Parochial Institute, nursery, nursery school, primary school, lower secondary school
Museums
Verbano Railway Museum
Palazzo Verbania, home to temporary exhibitions and archives dedicated to Piero Chiara and Vittorio Sereni .
Luino is an archaeological area. In fact, finds from the Bronze Age have been found here.
Cinema
Luino is the city where Alberto Lattuada filmed Come and have coffee... with us , and Marco Vicario filmed some scenes from The Astrakhan Coat , films based on two novels by Piero Chiara , a writer born in Luino.
In the summer of 2013 Luino was the main location of the film Il pretore directed by Giulio Base. The cast includes Francesco Pannofino , Sarah Maestri (from Luina), Eliana Miglio (also from Luino), Mattia Zaccaro Garau , Max Cavallari and Debora Caprioglio . The magistrate's office, in particular, was set up in the Town Hall. A peculiarity of the film was the massive involvement of the citizens: many people from Luino were in fact recruited as extras in the film released in 2014. The first screening of the film was made in Rome on 2 April 2014 while the following day the film was screened for first time at the Cinema Sociale of Luino with the presence of the cast and director.
Cross-border
The proximity to the Italian-Swiss border means that Luino is strongly affected by cross-border travel, that is, by the presence of Italian workers who travel to Switzerland every day for work.
Industry
Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, Luino was a highly industrialized city, especially in the textile sector, facilitated by the great availability of water. There were many entrepreneurs, both Italian and Swiss, who chose to found factories and factories in the Luino area.
Towards the end of the 20th century the industry entered a crisis: the industrial areas were mostly abandoned and their redevelopment process began in the third millennium.
Finance
The industrial success was also at the basis of the birth, in 1883 , of the Banca Popolare di Luino (which became Banca Popolare di Luino e di Varese in 1941 ), which became one of the most powerful and branched credit institutions in north-western Lombardy. "La Luino", as it was also known, was taken over by Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria in 1996 and in 2003 it ceased to exist as an autonomous entity; the sign definitively disappeared in 2007 to make room for UBI Banca .
Services
As regards the sector of public and private services, Luino is the main point of reference for the surrounding valleys (station, banks, hospital, municipality, revenue agency, etc.)
Tourism
The lakeside location makes Luino a popular tourist destination, with particularly strong flows from Switzerland and the German-speaking area in general. Given the limited capacity of accommodation facilities, tourism is essentially entrusted to the spontaneous market of second homes.
Infrastructure and transport
Roads
The main road routes of Luino are the state road 394 of Verbano Orientale , the state road 344 towards Porto Ceresio-Luino and the provincial road 69 of Santa Caterina.
Railways
The Luino station , located on the Novara–Pino line , functions as a border stop between Italy and Switzerland : on its grounds the voltage change of the overhead contact line takes place (from the Italian 3 kV DC to the Swiss 15 kV AC) and is equipped with customs offices . Regional connections operated by Trenord operate there as part of the service contract stipulated with the Lombardy Region , as well as international suburban trains operated by TILO on Italian-Swiss routes.
The Colmegna station also falls within the municipal territory , serving the hamlet of the same name .
In the past Luino represented the northwestern terminus of the narrow gauge railways for Ponte Tresa and Varese , which stopped at the stations of Luino Lago , located near the pier, and Luino Scalo .
Lake transport
The Luino pier connects many locations with boats from the Navigazione Lago Maggiore company, including on the Piedmont side of Lake Maggiore. Direct connections are more frequent in the period March-October, and lead to the towns of Cannero Riviera , Cannobio , Locarno and Stresa .
Urban mobility
The city has a system of urban, interurban and international buses with neighboring Switzerland. Urban and interurban bus services are managed by the company Autolinee Varesine Srl on behalf of the CTPI (Consorzio Trasporti Pubblici dell'Insubria)
Administration
Luino obtained the title of city in 1969, following a decree from the President of the Republic. From 1928 to 1948, Germignaga was also part of the territory of the municipality, following the municipal territorial restructuring carried out in the fascist period , as already in the Napoleonic era from 1809 to 1815. In 1955 Luino absorbed the hamlet of Colmegna (which in the eighteenth century constituted the municipality of Colmegna with Casneda) from the municipality of Maccagno and in 1928 the autonomous municipalities of Brezzo di Bedero (which later regained its autonomy) and Voldomino (already annexed in the Napoleonic era). As regards the political orientation of the municipal administration, in the so-called First Italian Republic Luino was essentially governed by centrist councils [14] , whose last exponent was the liberal Pietro Astini, in office between 1993 and 1995 and subsequently lapsed of the resignation of the majority of municipal councilors. The so-called Second Republic , which de facto began with the 1996 elections , saw various civic lists alternate in the municipality, more or less all characterized by rather clear links with political parties: a mandate with a centre-left council was followed in 2000 by the beginning of the hegemony of the centre-right , with the mayors Gianercole Mentasti and Andrea Pellicini re-elected for two consecutive terms each [15] . The center-left then managed to regain the municipality in 2020 , when Enrico Bianchi's civic list overtook the candidates of the outgoing administration, who overall had the majority in the vote count, but were penalized for having presented themselves (following internal struggles) divided into two formations
Twinning
Flag of France Sanary-sur-Mer , since 2001
Other administrative information
The municipality is the seat of the Valli del Verbano mountain community (previously it was the seat of the Valli del Luinese mountain community) and is part of the Regio Insubrica working community, a cross-border cooperation body that federates some provinces of Lombardy and Piedmont and the Swiss Canton of Ticino .
Sports
Pallacanestro Virtus Luino represents the city in basketball, participating in the regional Serie C Silver championship .
The Luino football club , which played some third series seasons, is based in the municipality.
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From 19 to 21 August 2016 in the Sicilian town of Ali, there was the so-called "Great Feast" ("Festa Ranni" in Sicilian dialect) in honor of their patron Saint Agatha.
The feast, which lasts three days, it is called "Feast Ranni" (Great Feast) to emphasize the exceptional nature of the event, since it falls only once every ten years. Preparations officially begin early as a month before and are involved both the "ciliary" (ie families entrusted from time to time, which shall prepare at their own expense at the solemn celebration for Her Patron Saint), both the "Deputation of St. Agatha" collaborating with the parish priest, plays a role during the organizational phase.
The passage of the Holy Relics of the Martyr Agatha in the village of Ali (Messina) in their return to Catania, on the morning of August 17 of the year 1126, it was for this Sicilian center an extraordinary and grandiose event, that led to the building of the great Mother Church , which took place in the sixteenth century; then the celebration of the annual festival but especially the so-called "Great Feast", which recalls the three-day feasts taking place in the city of Catania.
We don't known the origins of this ancient feast, whose complex ritual was entrusted, almost to the present day only to the oral tradition; Father Seraphim of Ali (junior) speaks in 1754, in his book "Of story of Ali and his territory".
Long and laborious preparations are assigned to two groups each formed by twelve families belonging to two different districts of the country, they receive instructions to draw up each other's "Ciliium of Bread" and the other the "Cilium of Girls". These families are appointed by the Deputation of St. Agatha (Advisory body that exercises within the Church Mother, economic and organizational functions) and by the parish priest.
The names of the families of "ciliary", as they are called, are made known by the parish priest, after the morning Mass of the 5 February of the current year.
Traditionally the families of "Ciliium of Girls" traveling in neighboring countries (Fiumedinisi, Itala and Ali Terme) with the sound of the accordion and tambourine, to communicate the imminent date of the festivities and take offerings and gold jewelry in part borrowed, in part donated, to adorn the "Cilium of Girls".
Liturgical events are intertwined with the traditional folk feast. The Feast attracts many faithful and many emigrants who, for the occasion, return to their native village of Ali. The last day of celebration the two Ciliums and the float of St. Agatha are carried in procession through the city.
Postscript: This report is dedicated to the German family of Jewish origin, consisting of father, mother and two children, on a boat they decided to take his own life to escape their Nazi persecutors, by binding them all together, and weighted with stones, they threw themselves off the waters of Mazzaro (Taormina); they were later fished out by now without life, by local fishermen: in the "graveyard of foreigners" of Taormina, now for ever and ever close together, they rest in peace.
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Dal 19 al 21 Agosto 2016 nel paese Siciliano di Alì (Messina) si è svolta una caratteristica festa, della quale propongo un report fotografico.
La Festa , durata infatti tre giorni, è denominata "Festa Ranni" (Festa Grande) per porre in risalto l'eccezionalità del fenomeno e la grandiosità dell’evento, poiché essa ricade una sola volta ogni dieci anni. I preparativi iniziano ufficialmente già un mese prima e vedono coinvolti sia i “ciliari” (cioè le famiglie incaricate di volta in volta e scelte a rotazione, che provvedono a preparare a proprie spese la festa solenne per la Santa Patrona, con l’allestimento dei due “cilii” ovvero le due “vare” anche intese come “cerei”), sia la “Deputazione di S. Agata” che collaborando con il Parroco, svolge un ruolo durante la fase organizzativa.
Il passaggio delle Sacre Reliquie della Martire catanese dal paese di Ali (Messina) nel rientro loro verso Catania, la mattina del 17 agosto dell’anno 1126 , fu per questo centro Siciliano un evento straordinario e grandioso, che portarono alla edificazione della grande Chiesa Madre, avvenuta nel XVI secolo, quindi alla celebrazione della festa annuale ma soprattutto della così detta “Festa Ranni”, che ricorda i tre giorni di festa che avvengono nella città di Catania.
Oscure sono le origini e le antiche modalità di svolgimento di questa festa, il cui complesso rituale è stato affidato, fin quasi ai nostri giorni esclusivamente alla tradizione orale, Padre Serafino d’Alì (junior) ne parla nel 1754, nel suo libro “Della storia di Alì e suo territoro”.
Lunghi e laboriosi sono i preparativi affidati a due gruppi formati ciascuno da dodici famiglie appartenenti a due diversi quartieri del paese, che ricevono l’incarico di allestire l'uno il "Cilio del Pane" e l'altro il "Cilio delle Ragazze". Queste famiglie vengono nominate dalla Deputazione di S. Agata (Organo consultivo che esercita all’interno della Chiesa Madre, funzioni economico-organizzative) e dal Parroco, e la loro scelta segue una rotazione tale che nel corso degli anni nessun nucleo familiare, e di conseguenza nessun quartiere, ne rimane escluso.
I nomi dei "Ciliari", così vengono denominati, vengono resi noti dal Parroco, al termine della messa mattutina del 5 Febbraio dell’anno prestabilito per la Festa.
Come già detto sopra, ogni gruppo provvede autonomamente ad allestire l'uno il "Cilio del Pane" l'altro il "Cilio delle Ragazze".
Per tradizione le 12 famiglie di “ciliari delle ragazze”, anche loro sempre accompagnate da un nutrito gruppo (soprattutto giovani), si recano nei paesi vicini (Fiumedinisi, Itala e Alì Terme) a suon di fisarmonica e tamburello, per comunicare l’imminente data dei festeggiamenti e per raccogliere offerte e monili d’oro in parte in prestito, in parte ceduti, per adornare il “cilio delle ragazze”.
Le manifestazioni liturgiche si intrecciano con quelle folkloristiche; la festa richiama numerosi fedeli e parecchi emigrati che, per l’occasione, fanno ritorno al paese natio di Alì. L’ultimo giorno di festa i due cilii ed il fercolo di S. Agata vengono portati in processione lungo le vie cittadine.
Post scriptum: questo report lo dedico alla famiglia tedesca di origine ebrea, composta da padre, madre e da due bambini, che su di una barca decise di togliersi la vita per sfuggire ai loro persecutori nazisti, essi legandosi tutti tra di loro, ed appesantiti con pietre, si gettarono al largo delle acque di Mazzarò (Taormina); essi vennero poi ripescati, oramai senza vita, dai pescatori locali: nel “cimitero degli stranieri” di Taormina riposano le loro spoglie mortali.
Schweighouse-sur-Moder (en allemand Schweighausen, prononcé en dialecte local "Schweighüse") est une commune française, située dans le département du Bas-Rhin et la région Alsace. Avant le 8 septembre 1949, la commune se nommait officiellement Schweighausen. Le 5 mars 1949, son conseil municipal ayant décrété que ce nom sonnait "trop allemand", pris la résolution de changer la dénomination du village en "Schweighouse-sur-Moder". Outre la question de la sonorité allemande, une raison invoquée fut reliée à un projet de création d'un grand cimetière national français sur le territoire de la commune, et au fait que l'orthographe "Schweighausen" aurait pu poser des problèmes aux visiteurs de l'intérieur, en raison de la présence d'une commune homonyme en Haute-Alsace. Néanmoins, ce projet de cimetière tomba aux oubliettes, et le nom resta comme il est aujourd'hui.
Le nom peut être décomposé en deux termes allemands : "Schweige ", à savoir "bétail" et "Haus ", à savoir "maison, demeure". En moyen haut-allemand, le pluriel en est "Husen " tandis que, en allemand contemporain, cela donne plutôt "Hausen ". On retrouve les différentes formes en Alsace, en plus des formes ayant résulté des différents processus de francisation : "House " ou "Hause ". Orthographié "Schweighouse" ou "Schweighausen", le nom du village peut se traduire par "maisons au bétail" (au pluriel).
Le village a un homonyme dans le Haut-Rhin : Schweighouse-Thann.
Les armes de Schweighouse-sur-Moder se blasonnent ainsi : « de sinople à la tour crénelée d'or maçonnée de sable ».
Source wikipedia
best_of_2024, Brat
The Wire, Rob Barnes, Bandcamp Daily, Louder Than War, BrooklynVegan, Gorilla vs. Bear, A.V. Club, Consequence, Vulture, Pitchfork, Resident Advisor, The Forty-Five, MOJO, Rolling Stone, The Independent, Paste, Exclaim!, BBC Radio 6 Music, Loud and Quiet, The New Yorker, NPR, Uncut, The Quietus, Stereogum... здесь основные MSM списки (in progress)
www.flickr.com/photos/deepskyobject/54180822209
интересует в основном топ The Wire (+ тематические списки других изданий), да и в целом любопытно взглянуть спустя год, что же котировалось в mainstream media
—
deepskyobject (Top-20 of 2024 to RED)
1. Left at Orion - Radiowaves (2024)
2. Trentemøller - Dreamweaver (2024)
3. Инна Пиварс и Гистрионы - Песни града Китежа (2024)
4. Whirr - Raw Blue (2024)
5. Julie - My Anti-Aircraft Friend (2024)
6. Хадн Дадн - Поцелуйчик солнышка (2024)
7. Vylet Pony - Monarch of Monsters (2024)
8. TTSSFU - Me, Jed and Andy (2024)
9. конъюнктура - керамика (2024)
10. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World (2024)
11. Softcult - Heaven (2024)
12. Mo Dotti - Opaque (2024)
13. Dog silent - Voices in My Head (2024)
14. Clinic Stars - Only Hinting (2024)
15. Sestrica - Memory Lane (2024)
16. Kali Malone - All Life Long (2024)
17. LAAVU - Escape (2024)
18. NewDad - MADRA (2024)
19. Wisp - Pandora (2024)
20. Kim Gordon - The Collective (2024)
honorable mentions:
Broadcast - Spell Blanket - Collected Demos 2006 - 2009 (2024)
Broadcast - Distant Call - Collected Demos 2000 - 2006 (2024)
—
The Wire: Top 50 Albums of 2024
50. claire rousay - Sentiment [bedroom pop]
49. Eiko Ishibashi - Evil Does Not Exist [experimental]
48. Robin Mackay - By The North Sea [radio play]
47. Clarissa Connelly - World of Work [progressive folk]
46. Yatta - Palm Wine [glitch pop, hypnagogic pop]
45. The Necks - Bleed [ambient, avant-garde jazz]
44. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven [indie rock]
43. Neil Luck - Radio Archive (2014-2023) [spoken word]
42. KRM & KMRU - Disconnect [dark ambient]
41. Sarah Hennies - Motor Tapes [modern classical]
40. Trigger Object - Ghost Bros OST [noise, electro-industrial]
39. Rhodri Davies - Telyn Wrachïod [free improvisation]
38. Tony Conrad, Jennifer Walshe - In the Merry Month of May [experimental]
37. Frederic D. Oberland, Grégory Dargent, Tony Elieh, Wassim Halal - SIHR [avant-folk]
36. Judas Priest - Invincible Shield [heavy metal]
35. Kendrick Lamar - Not Like Us [west coast hip hop]
34. Laurie Anderson - Amelia [spoken word, modern classical]
33. Milton Nascimento and Esperanza Spalding - Milton + Esperanza [chamber jazz]
32. Sisso & Maiko [Tanzania] - Singeli Ya Maajabu [singeli]
31. Nídia & Valentina - Estradas [batida, electroacoustic]
30. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes [jazz pop]
29. Charli XCX - Brat [electropop]
28. The Bug - Machines I--V [ambient dub]
27. Karl D'Silva - Love Is a Flame In the Dark [indie pop]
26. Fatboi Sharif & Roper Williams - Something About Shirley [abstract hip hop]
25. Richie Culver - Scream If You Don't Exist [glitch, dark ambient]
24. Kali Malone - All Life Long [minimalism, drone]
23. Able Noise - High Tide [experimental rock]
22. Fay Victor & Herbie Nichols SUNG - Life Is Funny That Way [vocal jazz]
21. Mary Timony [Ex Hex, Helium] - Untame the Tiger [indie rock]
20. Cappo - S.T.A.R.V.E [UK hip hop]
19. Pat Thomas - The Solar Model of Ibn Al-Shatir [free improvisation]
18. Dialect - Atlas of Green [progressive electronic]
17. Shellac - To All Trains [noise rock]
16. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere [progressive death]
15. Water Damage - In E [drone]
14. Ka - The Thief Next to Jesus [abstract hip hop]
13. Toshiya Tsunoda/Taku Unami - Wovenland 3 [musique concrète]
12. The Body & Dis Fig - Orchards of a Futile Heaven [post-industrial]
11. Dhangsha - Broadcast Signal Intrusion [industrial, noise]
10. Beings - There Is a Garden [free jazz]
9. Caxtrinho - Queda Livre [psychedelic]
8. Kim Gordon - The Collective [noise rock]
7. Moin - You Never End [post-rock]
6. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee [hypnagogic pop]
5. Still House Plants - If I Don't Make It, I Love U [experimental rock]
4. Moor Mother - The Great Bailout [electroacoustic]
3. Elaine Mitchener - Solo Throat [experimental]
2. Rafael Toral - Spectral Evolution [ambient]
1. أحمد [Ahmed][UK] - Giant Beauty [free jazz]
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Rob Barnes @ Top 60 Shoegaze/Dreampop albums of 2024
01. Newmoon - Temporary Light
02. Animal Ghosts - Swell
03. Mo Dotti - Opaque
04. Clinic Stars - Only Hinting
05. Whitelands - Night-Bound Eyes Are Blind to the Day
06. All Under Heaven - What Lies Ahead of Me
07. Punchlove - Channels
08. Ride - Interplay
09. Softcult - Heaven
10. Magic Shoppe - Down the Wish Elm
11. Tombstone in Their Eyes - Asylum Harbour
12. Virgins - Nothing Hurt and Everything Was Beautiful
13. Starflyer 59 - Lust for Gold
14. DIIV - Frog in Boiling Water
15. Joyer - Night Songs
16. Abandoned Buildings - Eroding Light
17. Mondaze - Linger
18. Ammonia Wash - Fading on the Way Down
19. Left at Orion - Radiowaves
20. Indoor Voices - Past Present
21. Bloococoon - Bloococoon
22. Flu Flu - Furia
23. Blushing - Sugarcoat
24. Newdad - Madra
25. San Carol - Mada Vida
26. Julie - My Anti-Aircraft Friend
27. Air Formation - Air Formation
28. So Totally - Double Your Relaxation
29. Blurred City Lights - Overload
30. The Fauns - How Lost
31. Shower Curtain - Words From A Wishing Well
32. Healees - Coin De L’oeil
33. Keeley - Beautiful Mysterious
34. Brief Candles - Unfinished Nature
35. Future Nostalgia - Imaginary Conversations
36. Bright Like Stars - Reflections
37. Swirlpool - Distant Echoes
38. Burrrn - Without You
39. Somesurprises - Perseids
40. 93MillionMilesFromTheSun - Let Go
41. Tears Run Rings - Everything In The End
42. Trauma Ray - Chameleon
43. Yndling - Mood Booster
44. PURS - Dissipate
45. Sungaze - Sungaze
46. Gift - Illuminatior
47. Wishy - Triple Seven
48. Midwife - No Depression In Heaven
49. Torrey - Torrey
50. Aluminum - Fully Beat
51. Flavor Crystals - Gone Six
52. Fazerdaze - Soft Power
53. A Place To Bury Strangers - Synthesizer
54. Calliere - Float
55. Cold Gawd - I’ll Drown On This Earth
56. White Poppy - Ataraxia
57. Kodaclips - Gone Is The Day
58. Zzzaam - Shine
59. The Proctors - Snowdrops And Hot Air Balloons
60. Three Quarter Skies - Fade In
—
Piero Zaccagnini - Best Albums of 2024
1. Tears Run Rings - Everything in the end
2. Air Formation - Air Formation
3. Ural Mountains - Dead oceans
4. 93millionmilesfromthesun - Let go
5. Anilore - Lia fail
6. New Moon - Temporary light
7. Hoо - III
8. Asteroid No4 - Several shapes of solar flares
9. Echodrone - The curvature of sound
10. Lightning Bug - No paradise
11. Trentemoller - Dreamweaver
12. Starflyer 59 - Lust for gold
13. The Fauns - How lost
14. Loom - Eternal aphelium
15. Oeil - Dream within a dream
16. Indoor Voices - Past present
17. Reverb On Repeat - Ycneo
18. Staring Problem - Equinox
19. Shalloboy - At the mercy of the cloud
20. Horsebeach - Things to keep alive
—
Manfredi Lamartina (shoegazeblog, Italy)
1. Opinion - Horrible
2. Phantom Handshakes - Sirens at golden hour
3. Miners - A healthy future on Earth
4. Punchlove - Channels
5. Chiaroscuro - Chiaroscuro
6. So Totally - Double your relaxation
7. Bloody Knives - Drowning in light
8. Softcult - Heaven
9. Clinic Stars - Only hinting
10. Wishy - Triple seven
11. Fir Cone Children - Jig of glee
12. julie - My anti-aircraft friend
13. Magic Shoppe - Down the Wych Elm
14. swan•seas - Songs in the key of blue
15. Trentemøller - Dreamweaver
16. Burrrn - Without you
17. DIIV - Frog in boiling water
18. Mondaze - Linger
19. Blushing - Sugarcoat
20. The Fauns - How lost
—
Greg Peters - Top 25 Shoegaze Albums for 2024
01. Mo Dotti - opaque (Los Angeles)
02. Mondaze - linger (Faenza, Italy)
03. Whitelands - Night-bound Eyes Are Blind To The Day (London)
04. Newmoon - Temporary Light (Antwerp, Belgium)
05. Sorry, Dave - Sink (Melbourne, AUS)
06. burrrn - blaze down his way like the space show (Tokyo)
07. abandoned buildings - Eroding Light (Bradford, UK)
08. Shades of Violette - Shades of Violette (Washington, D.C.)
09. Casino Garden - Transition (Wuppertal, Germany)
10. trauma ray - Chameleon (Fort Worth, Texas)
11. DIIV - Frog In Boiling Water (Brooklyn, New York)
12. Starflyer 59 - Lust For Gold (California)
13. Virgins - g l i s s (Belfast, UK)
14. Air Formation - Air Formation (Worthing, UK)
15. flu flu - Furia (Sevilla, Spain)
16. CASTLEBEAT - Stereo (California)
17. copperplate - subtle senses (Marietta, Georgia)
18. Healees - Coin de l'œil (Paris, France)
19. julie - my anti-aircraft friend (Los Angeles)
20. sunshy - I don't care what comes next (Chicago)
21. Perpetual Void - Winter in Orbit (Glasgow, UK)
22. Meltway - Nothing Is Real (Denmark)
23. Belong - Realistic IX (New Orleans)
24. The Essential Ether - Ten Indie Essentials (Bergen, Norway)
25. Local Authority - Memory Loss (Brisbane, AUS)
—
Bandcamp Daily's Essential Releases of 2024
Amaro Freitas - Y'Y [avant-garde jazz, post-minimalism]
Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere [progressive death metal]
Caribou - Honey [house, indietronica]
Caxtrinho - Queda Livre [psychedelic rock, vanguarda paulista]
Daudi Matsiko - The King Of Misery [indie folk]
Dummy - Free Energy [neo-psychedelia, noise pop]
E L U C I D - REVELATOR [abstract hip hop]
Helado Negro - PHASOR [indietronica, neo-psychedelia]
Iglooghost - Tidal Memory Exo [deconstructed club]
J.R.C.G. - Grim Iconic...(Sadistic Mantra) [experimental rock, neo-psychedelia]
Julie Christmas - Ridiculous and Full Of Blood [post-metal, post-hardcore]
Kamasi Washington - Fearless Movement [spiritual jazz, jazz fusion]
La Luz - News of the Universe [neo-psychedelia, indie surf]
Machine Girl - MG Ultra [digital hardcore]
Nala Sinephro - Endlessness [jazz fusion, space ambient]
Nubya Garcia - ODYSSEY [third stream, spiritual jazz, jazz fusion]
Previous Industries - Service Merchandise [abstract hip hop]
Rafael Toral - Spectral Evolution [ambient, electroacoustic]
Kronos Quartet - Outer Spaceways Incorporated : Kronos Quartet & Friends Meet Sun Ra [third stream, modern classical, nu jazz]
Rosali - Bite Down [indie rock, folk rock]
SML - Small Medium Large [jazz fusion]
Tristwch Y Fenywod - Tristwch Y Fenywod [darkwave, avant-folk, neofolk]
—
Louder Than War's Top 100 Albums of 2024
100. Loose Articles - Scream If You Wanna Go Faster
99. Amelia Coburn - Between The Moon and The Milkman
98. Chris Bridgett - Speedboat On Chapel Street
97. Arab Strap - I'm totally fine with it don't give a fuck anymore
96. Wire Worms - The First To Come In
95. The March Afternoons - The March Afternoons Aren't Real
94. Poppycock - Magic Mothers
93. Sassyhiya - Take You Somewhere
92. The March Violets - Crocodile Promises
91. Amy Rigby - Hang in There with Me
90. Michael - Nite Salad
89. The Mystery Lights - Purgatory
88. Plastic Bag - Dead Kings Of Europe
87. Emissaries Of Syn - Past Prescient Future
86. Dan Guidance - Freedom Of Movement
85. Collision Course - Ländfill
84. Shabaka - Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace
83. Douglas Dare - Omni
82. Anja Huwe - Codes
81. Osees - SORCS 80
80. New Model Army - Unbroken
79. Horsemeat - Embrace The Abyss
78. David Lance Callahan - Down To The Marshes
77. The Decemberists - As It Ever Was, So It Will Be Again
76. Sarah Shook & The Disarmers - Revelations
75. Yard Act - Where's My Utopia?
74. Jozef Van Wissem - The Night Dwells In The Day
73. Humanist - On the Edge of a Lost and Lonely World
72. Keeley - Beautiful Mysterious
71. Emilíana Torrini - Miss Flower
70. Coded Marking - Coded Marking
69. The Battery Farm - Dark Web
68. The Peawees - One Ride
67. AMASS - Gameskeepers Gallows
66. The Baby Seals - Chaos
65. Fightmilk - No Souvenirs
64. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat
63. Bill Ryder-Jones - Iechyd Da
62. X - Smoke & Fiction
61. God Bullies - As Above, So Below
60. The Courettes - The Soul of... The Fabulous Courettes
59. Sarah Davachi - The Head as Form'd in the Crier's Choir
58. Peter Alexander Jobson - Burn The Ration Books Of Love
57. Goat - Goat
56. Coughin' Vicars - Cyrses & Prayers
55. Bugman - The Proto Push
54. Fat White Family - Forgiveness Is Yours
53. Gossip - Real Power
52. cumgirl8 - the 8th cumming
51. The WAEVE - City Lights
50. Objections - Optimistic Sizing
49. Snowgoose - Descendent
48. Stick in the Wheel - A Thousand Pokes
47. Retsu - Retsu
46. Oruã - PASSE
45. Moor Mother - The Great Bailout
44. KNEECAP - Fine Art
43. Kali Malone - All Life Long
42. Einstürzende Neubauten - Rampen: apm (alien pop music)
41. Godspeed You! Black Emperor - NO TITLE AS OF 13 FEBRUARY 2024 28,340 DEAD
40. Nubiyan Twist - Find Your Flame
39. Dearthworms - Sapsucker
38. Mary Timony - Untame the Tiger
37. ARXX - Good Boy
36. 86TVs - 86TVs
35. Jane Weaver - Love In Constant Spectacle
34. Small Black Arrows - The British Museum
33. BIG SPECIAL - POSTINDUSTRIAL HOMETOWN BLUES
32. Kim Gordon - The Collective
31. Chrystabell & David Lynch - Cellophane Memories
30. Fat Dog - WOOF.
29. The Jesus Lizard - Rack
28. The Last Dinner Party - Prelude to Ecstasy
27. St. Vincent - All Born Screaming
26. Tess Parks - Pomegranate
25. Charles Lloyd - The Sky Will Still Be There Tomorrow
24. YOBS - YOBS
23. Hifi Sean & David McAlmont - DAYLIGHT
22. The Jesus and Mary Chain - Glasgow Eyes
21. SOFT PLAY - HEAVY JELLY
20. John Cale - POPtical Illusion
19. Richard Hawley - In This City They Call You Love
18. Erotic Secrets Of Pompeii - Mondo Maleficum
17. HOUSE Of ALL - Continuum
16. James - Yummy
15. Nia Archives - Silence Is Loud
14. Dead Pioneers - Dead Pioneers
13. The Lovely Eggs - Eggsistentialism
12. DEADLETTER - Hysterical Strength
11. Pizzatramp - The Last Supper
10. The Smile - Wall of Eyes
9. Meryl Streek - Songs For The Deceased
8. Ultimate Thunder - A Spider Will Come to Eat Your Flesh
7. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas
6. Fontaines D.C. - Romance
5. IDLES - TANGK
4. Peter Perrett - The Cleansing
3. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds - Wild God
2. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
1. Amyl and The Sniffers - Cartoon Darkness
—
A.V. Club's 25 Best Albums of 2024
25. The Hard Quartet - The Hard Quartet
24. Rosali - Bite Down
23. Faye Webster - Underdressed at the Symphony
22. Maggie Rogers - Don't Forget Me
21. Empress Of - For Your Consideration
20. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT
19. Charley Crockett - $10 Cowboy
18. Redd Kross - Redd Kross
17. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice
16. Johnny Blue Skies - Passage du Desir
15. Friko - Where we've been, Where we go from here
14. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana
13. Kim Deal - Nobody Loves You More
12. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
11. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA
10. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER
9. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal
8. Jack White - No Name
7. Clairo - Charm
6. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch
5. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
4. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
3. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
2. Charli xcx - BRAT
1. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
—
Gorilla vs. Bear's Albums of 2024
40. Discovery Zone - Quantum Web
39. Gb - Gusse Music
38. Merely & Malibu - Essential Mixtape
37. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes
36. Erika de Casier - Still
35. Bullion - Affection
34. Man Rei - Doer
34. Man Rei - Thread
33. Caoilfhionn Rose - Constellation
32. Fergus Jones - Ephemera
31. Hemlock - 444
30. Loukeman - Sd-2
29. Merce Lemon - Watch Me Drive Them Dogs Wild
28. Laryssa Kim - Contezza
27. Dorothea Paas - Think Of Mist
26. Caroline Says - The Lucky One
25. Broadcast - Spell Blanket - Collected Demos - 2006-2009
25. Broadcast - Distant Call - Collected Demos 2000-2006
24. Burial - Dreamfear / Boy Sent From Above
23. Fabiana Palladino - Fabiana Palladino
22. Sam Morton - Daffodils & Dirt
21. Tyla - TYLA
20. F.G.S. - Tinker Bell's Cough
19. Nourished By Time - Catching Chickens
18. Astrid Sonne - Great Doubt
17. Hildegard - Jour 1596
16. Naemi - Dust Devil
15. Armand Hammer - BLK LBL
14. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
13. Jack J - Blue Desert
12. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor
11. Night Tapes - assisted memories
10. Joanne Robertson & Dean Blunt - Backstage Raver
9. Charli xcx - BRAT
8. Skee Mask - Resort
7. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk
6. Fine - Rocky Top Ballads
5. Mach-Hommy - RICHAXXHAITIAN
4. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch
3. Being Dead - EELS
2. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police
1. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
—
Consequence's 50 Best Albums of 2024
50. Kim Deal - Nobody Loves You More
49. Maxo Kream - Personification
48. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana
47. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign
46. Wishy - Triple Seven
45. Judas Priest - Invincible Shield
44. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
43. Knocked Loose - You Won't Go Before You're Supposed To
42. Zach Bryan - The Great American Bar Scene
41. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT
40. Shellac - To All Trains
39. Denzel Curry - KING OF THE MISCHIEVOUS SOUTH
38. Lip Critic - Hex Dealer
37. Opeth - The Last Will and Testament
36. Vince Staples - Dark Times
35. Joy Oladokun - Observations From A Crowded Room
34. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet
33. ScHoolboy Q - BLUE LIPS
32. Liquid Mike - Paul Bunyan's Slingshot
31. Hovvdy - Hovvdy
30. MIKE & Tony Seltzer - Pinball
29. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk
28. Jamie xx - In Waves
27. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal
26. Mount Eerie - Night Palace
25. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
24. Tierra Whack - WORLD WIDE WHACK
23. Remi Wolf - Big Ideas
22. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven
21. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas
20. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
19. Chat Pile - Cool World
18. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
17. Amyl and The Sniffers - Cartoon Darkness
16. Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross & Boys Noize - Challengers [MIXED] By Boys Noize
15. High on Fire - Cometh the Storm
14. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA
13. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor
12. The Smile - Wall of Eyes
11. Wild Pink - Dulling The Horns
10. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
9. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere
8. Kacey Musgraves - Deeper Well
7. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice
6. Jack White - No Name
5. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER
4. Johnny Blue Skies - Passage du Desir
3. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
2. Fontaines D.C. - Romance
1. Charli xcx - BRAT
—
Vulture's Best Albums of 2024
10. mediopicky - Bexaco y rico
9. Red Hot Org - TRAИƧA
8. Fontaines D.C. - Romance
7. Rachel Chinouriri - What A Devastating Turn of Events
6. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
5. Mustafa - Dunya
4. Bilal - Adjust Brightness
3. KA - The Thief Next to Jesus
2. Mach-Hommy - RICHAXXHAITIAN
1. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
—
BrooklynVegan's Top 50 Albums of 2024
50. Martha Skye Murphy - Um
49. Growing Stone - Death of a Momma’s Boy
48. Ka - The Thief Next To Jesus
47. Undeath - More Insane
46. BigXthaPlug - Take Care
45. High On Fire – Cometh the Storm
44. Bill Ryder-Jones - Iechyd Da
43. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor
42. Bright Eyes - Five Dice, All Threes
41. GloRilla - Glorious & Ehhthang Ehhthang
40. Arooj Aftab – Night Reign
39. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us
38. Mach-Hommy - # RICHAXXHAITIAN
37. Chat Pile - Cool World
36. SUMAC - The Healer
35. Candy - It's Inside You
34. State Faults - Children of the Moon
33. ELUCID - Revelator
32. Hurray for the Riff Raff - The Past Is Still Alive
31. Thou - Umbilical
30. Ekko Astral - Pink Balloons
29. Speed - Only One Mode
28. Gatecreeper - Dark Superstition
27. glass beach - Plastic Death
26. High Vis - Guided Tour
25. Rosali - Bite Down
24. Foxing - Foxing
23. Kim Gordon - The Collective
22. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
21. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana
20. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk
19. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal
18. Johnny Blue Skies (Sturgill Simpson) - Passage Du Desir
17. ScHoolboy Q - Blue Lips
16. Knocked Loose - You Won't Go Before You're Supposed To
15. Gouge Away - Deep Sage
14. Zach Bryan - The Great American Bar Scene
13. Beth Gibbons - Lives Outgrown
12. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
11. This Is Lorelei - Box for Buddy, Box for Star
10. Jessica Pratt - Here In the Pitch
9. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
8. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
7. Tyler, the Creator - Chromakopia
6. Fontaines D.C. - Romance
5. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere
4. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
3. Charli XCX - Brat
2. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
1. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven
—
brooklynvegan staff:
Dave’s honorable mentions
Colin Stetson – The Love It Took to Leave You
Drug Church – PRUDE
Hulder – Verses in Oath
Immortal Bird – The Love It Took to Leave You
Your Old Droog – Movie
Andrew’s honorable mentions
Combat – Stay Golden
Gillian Welch & David Rawlings – Woodland
MGMT – Loss of Life
Nala Sinephro – Endlessness
Touché Amoré – Spiral In A Straight Line
Amanda’s honorable mentions
Allie X – Girl With No Face
Christian Lee Hutson – Paradise Pop. 10
Eliza McLamb – Going Through It
Friko – Where we’ve been, Where we go from here
Wishy – Triple Seven
Bill’s honorable mentions
Tindersticks – Soft Tissue
Bibi Club – Fou de garde
Beak> – >>>>
High Llamas – Hey Panda
The Innocence Mission – Midwinter Swimmers
—
Pitchfork's 50 Best Albums of 2024
50. Wendy Eisenberg - Viewfinder
49. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2
48. Djrum - Meaning's Edge
47. Helado Negro - PHASOR
46. Chanel Beads - Your Day Will Come
45. 454 - Casts of a Dreamer
44. Milan W. - Leave Another Day
43. حمد [Ahmed] - Wood Blues
42. Loidis - One Day
41. 坂本龍一 [Ryuichi Sakamoto] - Opus
40. Erika de Casier - Still
39. This Is Lorelei - Box For Buddy, Box For Star
38. Being Dead - EELS
37. Lisha G & Trini Viv - Groovy Steppin Sh_t
36. Kali Uchis - ORQUÍDEAS
35. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet
34. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere
33. Hurray for the Riff Raff - The Past Is Still Alive
32. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes
31. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat
30. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice
29. xaviersobased - keep it goin xav
28. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer
27. Godspeed You! Black Emperor - NO TITLE AS OF 13 FEBRUARY 2024 28,340 DEAD
26. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us
25. Jlin - Akoma
24. Ka - The Thief Next to Jesus
23. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
22. Tyla - Tyla
21. Clairo - Charm
20. Mabe Fratti - Sentir que no sabes
19. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk
18. Mk. gee - Two Star & the Dream Police
17. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign
16. DORIS - Ultimate Love Songs Collection
15. Still House Plants - If I don’t make it, I love u
14. Rafael Toral - Spectral Evolution
13. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor
12. skaiwater - gigi
11. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven
10. Kim Gordon - The Collective
9. Astrid Sonne - Great Doubt
8. Bladee - Cold Visions
7. Mount Eerie - Night Palace
6. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
5. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
4. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
3. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch
2. Charli XCX - BRAT
1. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
—
Resident Advisor's Best Records of 2024
25. British Murder Boys - Active Agents and House Boys
24. Regal86 - Unearthed Vol. II 100 Trax
23. Jlin - Akoma
22. Nourished By Time - Catching Chickens
21. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
20. Midland - Fragments Of Us
19. Total Blue - Total Blue
18. gum.mp3 - Black Life, Red Planet
17. Tim Reaper & Kloke - In Full Effect
16. Tyla - TYLA
15. Various Artists - 10 Years Love On The Rocks - Sky Is The Limit
14. Skee Mask - ISS010
13. Ciel & CCL - Tilda's Goat Stare
12. Various Artists - Letters to a Future Palestine
11. Verraco - Breathe... Godspeed
10. Mabe Fratti - Sentir Que No Sabes
9. Nídia & Valentina Magaletti - Estradas
8. Syclops - Black Eye
7. gyrofield - These Heavens
6. DJ Anderson Do Paraíso - Queridão
5. Polygonia - Da Nao Tian Gong
4. Astrid Sonne - Great Doubt
3. Charli xcx - BRAT
2. De Schuurman - Bubbling Forever
1. Loidis - One Day
—
The Forty-Five's Best Albums of 2024
45. Pom Pom Squad - Mirror Starts Moving Without Me
44. ARXX - Good Boy
43. Maya Hawke - Chaos Angel
42. Sheer Mag - Playing Favorites
41. Lime Garden - One More Thing
40. Kali Uchis - ORQUÍDEAS
39. Dora Jar - No Way To Relax When You Are On Fire
38. Tinashe - Quantum Baby
37. Sleater-Kinney - Little Rope
36. Ravyn Lenae - Bird's Eye
35. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet
34. Wallice - The Jester
33. MICHELLE - Songs About You Specifically
32. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven
31. Marika Hackman - Big Sigh
30. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
29. Kelly Lee Owens - Dreamstate
28. Tyla - TYLA
27. Katie Gavin - What A Relief
26. Remi Wolf - Big Ideas
25. Megan Thee Stallion - MEGAN
24. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor
23. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk
22. Rachel Chinouriri - What A Devastating Turn of Events
21. Kim Gordon - The Collective
20. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
19. Nadine Shah - Filthy Underneath
18. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat
17. Beth Gibbons - Lives Outgrown
16. The Last Dinner Party - Prelude to Ecstasy
15. St. Vincent - All Born Screaming
14. Gracie Abrams - The Secret of Us
13. Bbymutha - sleep paralysis
12. SPRINTS - Letter To Self
11. Nia Archives - Silence Is Loud
10. Amyl and The Sniffers - Cartoon Darkness
9. Tierra Whack - WORLD WIDE WHACK
8. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
7. Clairo - Charm
6. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal
5. Charli xcx - Brat and it's completely different but also still brat
4. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT
3. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER
2. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas
1. Charli xcx - BRAT
—
MOJO’s Top 75 Albums of 2024
75. Field Music – Limits of Language
74. Pom Poko – Champion
73. Tindersticks – Soft Tissue
72. King Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard – Flight b741
71. The Bevis Frond – Focus on Nature
70. Kelly Finnigan – A Lover Was Born
69. The Harlem Gospel Travelers – Rhapsody
68. Julia Holter – Something in the Room She Moves
67. Ghost Dubs – Damaged
66. Khruangbin – A LA SALA
65. Cassie Kinoshi’s Seed – Gratitude
64. Hamish Hawk – A Firmer Hand
63. Floating Points – Cascade
62. Hermanos Gutiérrez – Sonido Cósmico
61. Oisin Leech – Cold Sea
60. The Hard Quartet – The Hard Quartet
59. Oren Ambarchi, Johan Berthling & Andreas Werliin – Ghosted II
58. Naima Bock – Below a Massive Dark Land
57. Johnny Blue Skies – Passage du Desir
56. Nadine Shah – Filthy Underneath
55. The Bug – Machine
54. MJ Lenderman – Manning Fireworks
53. Public Service Broadcasting – The Last Flight
52. Richard Hawley – In This City They Call You Love
51. IDLES – TANGK
50. Lee “Scratch” Perry – Spaceship to Mars
49. Joan As Police Woman – Lemons, Limes And Orchids
48. Nick Lowe – Indoor Safari
47. The Jesus and Mary Chain – Glasgow Eyes
46. The Last Dinner Party – Prelude to Ecstasy
45. Nubya Garcia – ODYSSEY
44. Kamasi Washington – Fearless Movement
43. The Black Crowes – Happiness Bastards
42. Michael Kiwanuka – Small Changes
41. Laura Marling – Patterns in Repeat
40. Brittany Howard – What Now
39. Arooj Aftab – Night Reign
38. Leyla McCalla – Sun Without the Heat
37. Common – The Auditorium Vol. 1
36. Jessica Pratt – Here in the Pitch
35. Adrianne Lenker – Bright Future
34. Amyl and The Sniffers – Cartoon Darkness
33. Ezra Collective – Dance, No One’s Watching
32. Pet Shop Boys – Nonetheless
31. The Cure – Songs of a Lost World
30. Waxahatchee – Tigers Blood
29. Charles Lloyd – The Sky Will Still Be There Tomorrow
28. John Cale – POPtical Illusion
27. The The – Ensoulment
26. Dirty Three – Love Changes Everything
25. St. Vincent – All Born Screaming
24. Mercury Rev – Born Horses
23. Richard Thompson – Ship To Shore
22. Mdou Moctar – Funeral for Justice
21. Gruff Rhys – Sadness Sets Me Free
20. Lady Blackbird – Slang Spirituals
19. Peter Perrett – The Cleansing
18. David Gilmour – Luck and Strange
17. Paul Weller – 66
16. Michael Head & The Red Elastic Band – Loophole
15. English Teacher – This Could Be Texas
14. Cassandra Jenkins – My Light, My Destroyer
13. The Smile – Wall of Eyes
12. Shabaka – Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace
11. John Grant – The Art of the Lie
10. Kim Gordon – The Collective
9. Jane Weaver – Love In Constant Spectacle
8. The Lemon Twigs – A Dream Is All We Know
7. Fontaines D.C. – Romance
6. Kim Deal – Nobody Loves You More
5. Bill Ryder-Jones – Iechyd Da
4. Gillian Welch & David Rawlings – Woodland
3. Beth Gibbons – Lives Outgrown
2. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds – Wild God
1. Jack White – No Name
—
Rolling Stone‘s Top 50 Albums of 2024
100. Pom Pom Squad - Mirror Starts Moving Without Me
99. Sleater-Kinney - Little Rope
98. Common and Pete Rock - The Auditorium, Vol. 1
97. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - Wild God
96. Kali Uchis - Orquídeas
95. Koe Wetzel - 9 Lives
94. Grace Cummings - Ramona
93. Kerry King - From Hell I Rise
92. Megan Moroney - Am I Okay?
91. Allie X - Girl With No Face
90. Various Artists - Silver Patron Saints: The Songs of Jesse Malin
89. Charley Crockett - $10 Cowboy
88. RM - Right Place, Wrong Person
87. Cavalier - Different Type Time
86. Porter Robinson - SMILE!: D
85. Camila Cabello - C, XOXO
84. The Hard Quartet - The Hard Quartet
83. Floating Points - Cascade
82. NSQK - ATP
81. Hinds - Viva Hinds
80. The Last Dinner Party - Prelude to Ecstasy
79. Adeem the Artist - Anniversary
78. Liquid Mike - Paul Bunyans Sling Shot
77. Xavi - NEXT
76. Claire Rousay - Sentiment
75. Vince Staples - Dark Times
74. Peso Pluma - Éxodo
73. Ice Spice - Y2K
72. Maggie Rose - No One Gets Out Alive
71. Sexyy Red - In Sexyy We Trust
70. Charly Bliss - Forever
69. This Is Lorelei - Box for Buddy, Box for Star
68. ScHoolboy Q - Blue Lips
67. Rosie Tucker - Utopia Now!
66. ELUCID - Revelator
65. Maggie Rogers - Dont Forget Me
64. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign
63. Red Clay Strays - Made By These Moments
62. Helado Negro - Phasor
61. Allegra Krieger - Art of the Unseen Infinity Machine
60. Sierra Ferrell - Trail of Flowers
59. Omar Apollo - God Said No
58. Fontaines D.C. - Romance
57. John Cale - POPtical Illusion
56. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
55. Shaboozey - Where Ive Been, Isn’t Where I’m Going
54. Brittany Howard - What Now
53. Ayra Starr - The Year I Turned 21
52. Towa Bird - American Hero
51. RaiNao - Capicú
50. Cash Cobain - Play Cash Cobain
49. St. Vincent - All Born Screaming
48. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
47. Lainey Wilson - Whirlwind
46. Latto - Sugar Honey Iced Tea
45. Illuminati Hotties - Power
44. The Marias - Submarine
43. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us
42. Halsey - The Great Impersonator
41. Young Miko - Att.
40. Kaytranada - Timeless
39. Soccer Mommy - Evergreen
38. Rachel Chinouriri - What a Devastating Turn of Events
37. Tems - Born in the Wild
36. Hurray for the Riff Raff - The Past Is Still Alive
35. The Smile - Wall of Eyes
34. Faye Webster - Underdressed at the Symphony
33. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2
32. Normani - Dopamine
31. Griff - Vertigo
30. Mustafa - Dunya
29. Anycia - Princess Pop That
28. Gillian Welch and David Rawlings - Woodland
27. Shakira - Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran
26. Kim Gordon - The Collective
25. GloRilla - Glorious
24. Johnny Blue Skies/Sturgill Simpson - Passage Du Desir
23. Taylor Swift - The Tortured Poets Department
22. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven
21. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
20. Jack White - No Name
19. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice
18. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch
17. Tyler, the Creator - Chromakopia
16. Álvaro Díaz - Sayonara
15. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
14. Mk. Gee - Two Star & the Dream Police
13. Clairo - Charm
12. Zach Bryan - The Great American Bar Scene
11. Rema - Heis
10. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
9. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal
8. Ariana Grande - Eternal Sunshine
7. Future and Metro Boomin - We Don’t Trust You
6. Tyla - Tyla
5. Billie Eilish - Hit Me Hard and Soft
4. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n’ Sweet
3. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
2. Beyoncé - Cowboy Carter
1. Charli XCX - Brat
—
The Independent's Best Albums of 2024
20. The Last Dinner Party - Prelude to Ecstasy
19. Taylor Swift - THE TORTURED POETS DEPARTMENT
18. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
17. Bright Eyes - Five Dice, All Threes
16. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet
15. Hinds - Viva Hinds
14. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT
13. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas
12. Brett Anderson, Paraorchestra & Charles Hazlewood - Death Songbook
11. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER
10. The Smile - Wall of Eyes
9. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat
8. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
7. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA
6. Kim Deal - Nobody Loves You More
5. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
4. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds - Wild God
3. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us
2. Charli XCX - Brat
1. Fontaines D.C. - Romance
—
Paste's 100 Best Albums of 2024
100. Chelsea Wolfe - She Reaches Out to She Reaches Out to She
99. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal
98. Feeling Figures - Everything Around You
97. Bladee - Cold Visions
96. Nia Archives - Silence Is Loud
95. Rosali - Bite Down
94. Young Jesus - The Fool
93. Empress Of - For Your Consideration
92. Hour - Ease the Work
91. Haley Heynderickx - Seed of a Seed
90. 파란노을 [Parannoul] - Sky Hundred
89. Rosie Tucker - UTOPIA NOW!
88. claire rousay - sentiment
87. Rose Hotel - A Pawn Surrender
86. Yasmin Williams - Acadia
85. Shovel Dance Collective - The Shovel Dance
84. Rachel Chinouriri - What A Devastating Turn of Events
83. Ekko Astral - pink balloons
82. NxWorries - WHY LAWD?
81. YATTA - PALM WINE
80. Brittany Howard - What Now
79. Amaro Freitas - Y'Y
78. Chris Acker - Famous Lunch
77. Tex Patrello - Minotaur
76. Clairo - Charm
75. 1010benja - Ten Total
74. Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross - Challengers (Original Score)
73. Mount Eerie - Night Palace
72. Still House Plants - If I don't make it, I love u
71. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us
70. Tasha - All This and So Much More
69. Combat - Stay Golden
68. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT
67. Cavalier - Different Type Time
66. Midwife - No Depression in Heaven
65. Kali Uchis - ORQUÍDEAS
64. Kim Gordon - The Collective
63. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign
62. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes
61. Hovvdy - Hovvdy
60. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice
59. Thou - Umbilical
58. Shabaka - Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace
57. Lip Critic - Hex Dealer
56. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER
55. More Eaze, Pardo & Glass - paris paris, texas texas
54. Knocked Loose - You Won't Go Before You're Supposed To
53. Jimmy Montague - Tomorrow's Coffee
52. ScHoolboy Q - BLUE LIPS
51. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police
50. Wishy - Triple Seven
49. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana
48. Good Looks - Lived Here For a While
47. KA - The Thief Next to Jesus
46. Being Dead - EELS
45. Hannah Frances - Keeper Of The Shepherd
44. MIKE & Tony Seltzer - Pinball
43. Kim Deal - Nobody Loves You More
42. Laura Marling - Patterns in Repeat
41. Merce Lemon - Watch Me Drive Them Dogs Wild
40. MICHELLE - Songs About You Specifically
39. Willi Carlisle - Critterland
38. Allegra Krieger - Art of the Unseen Infinity Machine
37. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2
36. Hayden Pedigo - Live in Amarillo, Texas
35. Yaya Bey - Ten Fold
34. Ezra Feinberg - Soft Power
33. Fabiana Palladino - Fabiana Palladino
32. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor
31. Uniform - American Standard
30. Mustafa - Dunya
29. The Lemon Twigs - A Dream Is All We Know
28. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven
27. Astrid Sonne - Great Doubt
26. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk
25. This Is Lorelei - Box For Buddy, Box For Star
24. Sharp Pins - Radio DDR
23. The Messthetics & James Brandon Lewis - The Messthetics & James Brandon Lewis
22. Gillian Welch & David Rawlings - Woodland
21. Ducks Ltd. - Harm's Way
20. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer
19. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
18. Jack White - No Name
17. Mabe Fratti - Sentir Que No Sabes
16. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
15. Beth Gibbons - Lives Outgrown
14. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA
13. Fontaines D.C. - Romance
12. Hurray for the Riff Raff - The Past Is Still Alive
11. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
10. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
9. Wild Pink - Dulling The Horns
8. Vince Staples - Dark Times
7. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
6. Charli xcx - BRAT
5. Johnny Blue Skies - Passage du Desir
4. Friko - Where we've been, Where we go from here
3. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
2. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
1. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch
—
Exclaim!'s 50 Best Albums of 2024
50. Jamie xx - In Waves
49. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
48. Remi Wolf - Big Ideas
47. Dorothea Paas - Think Of Mist
46. Floating Points - Cascade
45. Naima Bock - Below a Massive Dark Land
44. MIKE & Tony Seltzer - Pinball
43. Myriam Gendron - Mayday
42. A. G. Cook - Britpop
41. Knocked Loose - You Won't Go Before You're Supposed To
40. Future & Metro Boomin - WE STILL DON'T TRUST YOU
40. Future & Metro Boomin - WE DON'T TRUST YOU
39. Fontaines D.C. - Romance
38. Four Tet - Three
37. Godspeed You! Black Emperor - NO TITLE AS OF 13 FEBRUARY 2024 28,340 DEAD
36. BIG|BRAVE - A Chaos of Flowers
35. Kim Gordon - The Collective
34. OMBIIGIZI - Shame
33. Sumac - The Healer
32. Nap Eyes - The Neon Gate
31. ScHoolboy Q - BLUE LIPS
30. Clairo - Charm
29. Nemahsis - Verbathim
28. The Cure - Songs of a Lost World
27. Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch
26. Still House Plants - If I don't make it, I love u
25. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet
24. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
23. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal
22. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer
21. Nicolette & The Nobodies - The Long Way
20. Vince Staples - Dark Times
19. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police
18. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice
17. Corridor - Mimi
16. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
15. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk
14. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor
13. Jack White - No Name
12. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere
11. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
10. Ducks Ltd. - Harm's Way
9. Tyler, The Creator - CHROMAKOPIA
8. Bibi Club - Feu De Garde
7. Chat Pile - Cool World
6. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven
5. Caribou - Honey
4. Mustafa - Dunya
3. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
2. Charli xcx - BRAT
1. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
—
BBC Radio 6 Music's Albums of the Year 2024
A. G. Cook - Britpop
Amyl and The Sniffers - Cartoon Darkness
Bob Vylan - Humble As The Sun
Bonny Light Horseman - Keep Me On Your Mind/See You Free
Charli XCX - Brat
Clarissa Connelly - World of Work
English Teacher - This Could Be Texas
Ezra Feinberg - Soft Power
Faux Real - Faux Ever
Fontaines D.C. - Romance
Ganavya - Daughter of a Temple
Hamish Hawk - A Firmer Hand
I. JORDAN - I AM JORDAN
Infinity Song - Metamorphosis Complete
Jessica Pratt - Here in the Pitch
Kim Gordon - The Collective
Mount Kimbie - The Sunset Violent
Nadine Shah - Filthy Underneath
Naima Bock - Below a Massive Dark Land
Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
Oisin Leech - Cold Sea
Shy FX & Mr. Williamz - Rudeboy Design Soundtape
Tess Parks - Pomegranate
Thee Marloes - Perak
Violence Gratuite - Baleine à Boss
Warmdüscher - Too Cold To Hold
—
Loud and Quiet's Albums of the Year 2024
20. Tony Njoku - Last Bloom
19. Bingo Fury - Bats Feet For A Widow
18. English Teacher - This Could Be Texas
17. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
16. Moin - You Never End
15. Elias Rønnenfelt - Heavy Glory
14. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
13. Goat Girl - Below The Waste
12. Clarissa Connelly - World of Work
11. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
10. Anastasia Coope - Darning Woman
9. claire rousay - sentiment
8. JPEGMAFIA - I LAY DOWN MY LIFE FOR YOU
7. Kim Gordon - The Collective
6. Geordie Greep - The New Sound
5. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
4. Ex-Easter Island Head - Norther
3. Mabe Fratti - Sentir Que No Sabes
2. Charli xcx - BRAT
1. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer
—
The New Yorker's Best Albums of 2024
20. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana
19. Yasmin Williams - Acadia
18. Clairo - Charm
17. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
16. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
15. ScHoolboy Q - BLUE LIPS
14. Brittany Howard - What Now
13. Jake Xerxes Fussell - When I'm Called
12. Helado Negro - PHASOR
11. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2
10. Billie Eilish - HIT ME HARD AND SOFT
9. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us
8. Mdou Moctar - Funeral for Justice
7. Charli xcx - BRAT
6. Beyoncé - COWBOY CARTER
5. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
4. Bon Iver - SABLE,
3. Sabrina Carpenter - Short n' Sweet
2. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police
1. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
—
NPR's 50 Best Albums of 2024
(it’s in chronological order)
Kali Uchis – ORQUÍDEAS
Vijay Iyer, Linda May Han Oh, Tyshawn Sorey – Compassion
Mk. gee – Two Star & The Dream Police
Madi Diaz – Weird Faith
Hurray For The Riff Raff – The Past Is Still Alive
ScHoolboy Q – Blue Lips
Experiential Orchestra – American Counterpoints
Kim Gordon – The Collective
Waxahatchee – Tigers Blood
Tyla – Tyla
Rosie Tucker – UTOPIA NOW!
Amaia Miranda – Mientras vivas brillas
Beyoncé – Cowboy Carter
Fabiana Palladino – Fabiana Palladino
Maya Beiser – Maya Beiser x Terry Riley: In C
Ekko Astral – pink balloons
claire rousay – sentiment
Luiza Brina – Prece
Jessica Pratt – Here in the Pitch
Beth Gibbons – Lives Outgrown
Angelica Garcia – Gemelo
Kaytranada – TIMELESS
Charli xcx – brat
Tems – Born in the Wild
Gabriela Ortiz – Revolución Diamantina
Rema – HEIS
Cassandra Jenkins – My Light, My Destroyer
Remi Wolf – Big Ideas
JPEGMAFIA – I Lay Down My Life For You
Meshell Ndegeocello – No More Water: The Gospel of James Baldwin
Rae Khalil – CRYBABY
Gillian Welch & David Rawlings – Woodland
Sabrina Carpenter – Short n’ Sweet
Doechii – Alligator Bites Never Heal
Emily D’Angelo – Freezing
Patricia Brennan Septet – Breaking Stretch
Nala Sinephro – Endlessness
MJ Lenderman – Manning Fireworks
Nilüfer Yanya – My Method Actor
Mustafa – Dunya
Yasmin Williams – Acadia
Blood Incantation – Absolute Elsewhere
Immanuel Wilkins – Blues Blood
BigXthaPlug – Take Care
GloRilla – GLORIOUS
Roy Hargrove’s Crisol – Grande-Terre
Latin Mafia – Todos los días todo el día
Tyler, The Creator – CHROMAKOPIA
The Cure – Songs of a Lost World
Kendrick Lamar – GNX
—
Uncut's 80 Best Albums of 2024
80. Leyla McCalla – Sun Without the Heat
79. Yasmin Williams – Acadia
78. Wadada Leo Smith – Central Park’s Mosaics of Reservoir, Lake, Paths and Gardens
77. Kali Uchis – ORQUÍDEAS
76. Personal Trainer – Still Willing
75. Pye Corner Audio – The Endless Echo
74. Dave Alvin – TexiCali
73. Nick Lowe – Indoor Safari
72. Laurie Anderson – Amelia
71. Beachwood Sparks – Across the River of Stars
70. Arab Strap – I’m totally fine with it don’t give a fuck anymore
69. The Cure – Songs of a Lost World
68. Taylor Swift – THE TORTURED POETS DEPARTMENT
67. John Canning Yates – The Quiet Portraits
66. Vampire Weekend – Only God Was Above Us
65. Tindersticks – Soft Tissue
64. Billie Eilish – HIT ME HARD AND SOFT
63. The Jesus and Mary Chain – Glasgow Eyes
62. Kamasi Washington – Fearless Movement
61. IDLES – TANGK
60. Nadine Shah – Filthy Underneath
59. Charli XCX – BRAT
58. Linda Thompson – Proxy Music
57. Jlin – Akoma
56. Fievel Is Glauque – Rong Weicknes
55. Nilüfer Yanya – My Method Actor
54. Kaia Kater – Strange Medicine
53. Bonny Light Horseman – Keep Me On Your Mind/See You Free
52. BASIC – This Is BASIC
51. Chuck Johnson – Sun Glories
50. Oren Ambarchi, Johan Berthling & Andreas Werliin – Ghosted II
49. Still House Plants – If I don’t make it, I love u
48. David Gilmour – Luck and Strange
47. Sarah Davachi – The Head as Form’d in the Crier’s Choir
46. Charles Lloyd – The Sky Will Still Be There Tomorrow
45. Laura Marling – Patterns in Repeat
44. Christopher Owens – I Wanna Run Barefoot Through Your Hair
43. Richard Thompson – Ship To Shore
42. Kim Deal – Nobody Loves You More
41. Paul Weller – 66
40. Grandaddy – Blu Wav
39. Brown Horse – Reservoir
38. Dirty Three – Love Changes Everything
37. Shellac – To All Trains
36. Myriam Gendron – Mayday
35. Brittany Howard – What Now
34. Rosali – Bite Down
33. Willie Nelson – The Border
32. Beak> – >>>>
31. Mabe Fratti – Sentir Que No Sabes
30. Kim Gordon – The Collective
29. Oisin Leech – Cold Sea
28. Jake Xerxes Fussell – When I’m Called
27. English Teacher – This Could Be Texas
26. Michael Head & The Red Elastic Band – Loophole
25. Nala Sinephro – Endlessness
24. Phosphorescent – Revelator
23. The High Llamas – Hey Panda
22. Alan Sparhawk – White Roses, My God
21. John Cale – POPtical Illusion
20. Hurray for the Riff Raff – The Past Is Still Alive
19. Peter Perrett – The Cleansing
18. Shabaka – Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace
17. Johnny Blue Skies – Passage du Desir
16. Bill Ryder-Jones – Iechyd Da
15. Jack White – No Name
14. Mdou Moctar – Funeral for Justice
13. Fontaines D.C. – Romance
12. Julia Holter – Something in the Room She Moves
11. Cassandra Jenkins – My Light, My Destroyer
10. Waxahatchee – Tigers Blood
9. Cindy Lee – Diamond Jubilee
8. MJ Lenderman – Manning Fireworks
7. The Smile – Wall of Eyes
6. Adrianne Lenker – Bright Future
5. Jessica Pratt – Here in the Pitch
4. Arooj Aftab – Night Reign
3. Beth Gibbons – Lives Outgrown
2. Gillian Welch & David Rawlings – Woodland
1. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds – Wild God
—
The Quietus' Top 100 Albums of 2024
79. Geordie Greep – The New Sound
78. Thou – Umbilical
77. Fred Moten / Brandon López / Gerald Cleaver – The Blacksmiths, The Flowers
76. Sleepytime Gorilla Museum – Of The Last Human Being
75. Helado Negro – Phasor
74. Sahra Halgan – Hiddo Dhawr
73. TOMO – Vielle-Electronica
72. Alan Sparhawk – White Roses, My God
71. Skee Mask – ISS010
70. Rosso Polare – Campo Amaro
69. Mdou Moctar – Funeral For Justice
68. The Dengie Hundred With Gemma Blackshaw – Who Will You Love
67. Bòsc – Bòsc
66. Caveira – Ficar Vivo
65. Blood Incantation – Absolute Elsewhere
64. Underworld – Strawberry Hotel
63. Martha Skye Murphy – UM
62. The Cure – Songs Of A Lost World
61. Uniform – American Standard
60. MIKE & Tony Seltzer – Pinball
59. Cower – Celestial Devestation
58. Mach-Hommy – RICHAXXHAITIAN
57. BIG|BRAVE – A Chaos Of Flowers
56. Laura Cannell – The Rituals of Hildegard Reimagined
55. Wendy Eisenberg – Viewfinder
54. Erika Angell – The Obsession With Her Voice
53. Persher – Sleep Well
52. DJ Anderson do Paraíso – Queridão
51. Schoolboy Q – Blue Lips
50. Kim Gordon – The Collective
49. Quatuor Bozzini - Jürg Frey: String Quartet No. 4
48. British Murder Boys - Active Agents & House Boys
47. Fievel Is Glauque - Rong Weicknes
46. Harry Górski-Brown - Durt Dronemaker After Dreamboats
45. Saagara - 3
44. Holy Tongue Meets Shackleton - The Tumbling Psychic Joy Of Now
43. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
42. Hamish Hawk - A Firmer Hand
41. Guðmundur Steinn Gunarsson - Stífluhringurinn
40. Mary Halvorson - Cloudward
39. Senyawa - Vajranala
38. Jane Weaver - Love In Constant Spectacle
37. Water Damage - In E
36. Chrystabell & David Lynch - Cellophane Memories
35. Wu-Lu - Learning To Swim On Empty
34. Lorenzo Abattoir - Mess (Akt IV)
33. Roc Marciano - Marciology
32. Eric Chenaux Trio - Delights Of My Life
31. Arooj Aftab - Night Reign
30. Xylitol - Anemones
29. Eros - Your Truth Is A Lie
28. Elijah Minnelli - Perpetual Musket
27. Milkweed - Folklore 1979
26. Naemi - Dust Devil
25. Einstürzende Neubauten - Rampen (apm: alien pop music)
24. Róis - Mo Léan
23. William Doyle - Springs Eternal
22. Bill Ryder-Jones - Iechyd Da
21. The Body & Dis Fig - Orchards Of A Futile Heaven
20. Sealionwoman – Nothing Will Grow In The Soil
19. Gnod – Spot Land
18. Nonpareils – Rhetoric & Terror
17. Clairo – Charm
16. Tashi Wada – What Is Not Strange?
15. Charli xcx – Brat
14. Jacken Elswyth – At Fargrounds
13. Dialect – Atlas Of Green
12. Fat White Family – Forgiveness Is Yours
11. Shellac – To All Trains
10. Nadine Shah – Filthy Underneath
9. Oranssi Pazuzu – Muuntautuja
8. Shovel Dance Collective – The Shovel Dance
7. Rafael Toral – Spectral Evolution
6. Still House Plants – If I don’t make it, I love u
5. Mohammad Syfkhan – I Am Kurdish
4. Xiu Xiu – 13″ Frank Beltrame Italian Stiletto With Bison Horn Grips
3. Moin – You Never End
2. Tristwch y Fenywod – Tristwch y Fenywod
1. Ex-Easter Island Head – Norther
—
Stereogum: Best Albums of 2024
50. Wussy - Cincinnati Ohio
49. Mach-Hommy - RICHAXXHAITIAN
48. Willi Carlisle - Critterland
47. LL Cool J - The FORCE
46. 2nd Grade - Scheduled Explosions
45. Sabrina Carpenter - Short N' Sweet
44. glass beach - plastic death
43. Cassandra Jenkins - My Light, My Destroyer
42. Johnny Blue Skies - Passage Du Desir
41. Madi Diaz - Weird Faith
40. Nubya Garcia - Odyssey
39. Couch Slut - You Could Do It Tonight
38. Four Tet - Three
37. Vampire Weekend - Only God Was Above Us
36. High Vis - Guided Tour
35. Mabe Fratti - Sentir Que No Sabes
34. Drug Church - Prude
33. Hovvdy - Hovvdy
32. Floating Points - Cascade
31. Jake Xerxes Fussell - When I'm Called
30. DIIV - Frog In Boiling Water
29. The Cure - Songs Of A Lost World
28. Fontaines D.C. - Romance (XL)
27. Nilüfer Yanya - My Method Actor
26. Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere
25. Mannequin Pussy - I Got Heaven
24. Kim Gordon - The Collective
23. Nala Sinephro - Endlessness
22. Mk. gee - Two Star & The Dream Police
21. Chat Pile - Cool World
20. Erika de Casier - Still
19. Adrianne Lenker - Bright Future
18. Ka - The Thief Next To Jesus
17. Wild Pink - Dulling The Horns
16. Father John Misty - Mahashmashana
15. Chief Keef - Almighty So 2
14. Gouge Away - Deep Sage
13. This Is Lorelei - Box For Buddy, Box For Star
12. Tyler, The Creator - Chromakopia
11. Wishy - Triple Seven
10. Los Campesinos! - All Hell
9. Doechii - Alligator Bites Never Heal
8. Cindy Lee - Diamond Jubilee
7. Mount Eerie - Night Palace
6. Jessica Pratt - Here In The Pitch
5. Magdalena Bay - Imaginal Disk
4. Waxahatchee - Tigers Blood
3. Kendrick Lamar - GNX
2. MJ Lenderman - Manning Fireworks
1. Charli XCX - Brat & Brat And It's Completely Different But Also Still Brat
(to be continued...)
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