View allAll Photos Tagged diagnostics
Diagnostic Bronze-winged Jacana, Metopidius indicus, 28-31 cm. / 11-12 in Widespread resident in freshwater wetlands that are well vegetated with floating plant, spotted in a small roadside pool.
En-route to Kaziranga National Park, Assam Province, India.
©bryanjsmith.
The remote diagnostics Kenworth TruckTech+ provides truckload carrier Don Hummer Trucking greater visibility into its truck operations. Mike McDonald, director of fleet maintenance for Hummer Trucking, says with hours of service rules, it’s important to understand what a dash light means. Hummer put 75 Kenworth T680s with the PACCAR MX-13 engine and Kenworth TruckTech+ into service in 2016.
Diagnostic Red-browed Finch, Neochmia temporalis temporalis, 11-12 cm / 4-4.7 in. Varied habitats; dense shrubs interpersed with grasses, usually near water.
Jwatteay Track, Queensland, Australia.
©bryanjsmith.
Diagnostic Female Andean Hillstar, Oreotrochilus estella, 13 - 14 cm. / 5 - 5.5 in. High-Andean hummingbird of the north in Puna ravines, as well as settlements and the Andean shrub zone.
Lluta Valley, Arica Y Parinacota Region, Chile.
©bryanjsmith.
Exposed on the territory of the Russian Railways Museum in St Petersburg during biannual International railway fair "1520 "PRO//Motion.Expo"
type 18-9855 BARBER S-2-R see: www.flickr.com/photos/cetus13/48617715827/in/album-721577...
Not a clue as to what these are. It appears to be a collection of some sort of comms/signal measuring diagnostic boards, made by AEG. They're marked "Lok. Overdrager", "Type IV/82".
I volunteered to help out the people of Alarmfase 026 (Stichting NCO Arnhem & Nationaal Noodnet) moving in some new historical artifacts for display and some spare parts salvaged from other bunkers. I couldn't resist taking some pictures as well.
The museum is located in the former PTT (PTT, Nederlands) NCO Arnhem communications atomic bunker, built under the "De Leuke Linde" playground during the Cold War (Koude Oorlog). After the Cold War ended, it was used as a high-secure relay station for the Nationaal Noodnet emergency communications network.
On the Wilson Air Center ramp at MEM, Quest Diagnostics Pilatus N867QD is ready to depart for Dallas Love Field (DAL).
U.S Army Medical Research Unit: Improving malaria diagnosis in Africa, one lab at a time
By Rick Scavetta, U.S. Army Africa
OYUGIS, Kenya – Inside Rachuonyo district hospital, Simba Mobagi peers through his laboratory’s only microscope at a sick woman’s blood sample.
The 33-year-old laboratory technologist’s goal – rapidly identifying malaria parasites.
Dozens more samples await his eyes. Each represents a patient suffering outside on wooden benches.
Mogabi takes little time to ponder his workload. He quickly finds malaria parasites, marks his findings on a pink patient record and moves to the next slide. Much to his surprise, a U.S. Army officer arrives, removes his black beret and sets down a large box.
Inside Maj. Eric Wagar’s box is a new microscope – a small gesture within U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya’s larger efforts to improve malaria diagnostics in Africa.
For more than 40 years, USAMRU-K – known locally as the Walter Reed Project – has studied diseases in East Africa through a partnership with the Kenya Medical Research Institute.
Wagar heads USAMRU-K’s Malaria Diagnostics and Control Center of Excellence in Kisumu, a unique establishment begun in 2004 that’s since trained more than 650 laboratory specialist to better their malaria microscopy skills.
“Working with the Walter Reed Project is so good for the community, as it benefits the patient,” Mobagi said, who is looking forward to attending the center’s malaria diagnostics course. “Plus, having a new microscope improves our work environment. Work will be easier and we will have better outcomes.”
Back in Kisumu, wall maps mark the center’s success, with hundreds of trained lab technicians from more than a dozen countries across the African continent. International students have come from Ireland, the U.S. and Thailand.
Many students are sponsored through U.S. government aid programs aimed at reducing disease in Africa or by nongovernmental organizations. Most of the center’s $450,000 annual budget comes from the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative. Other funding is from the U.S. Defense Department, NGOs and pharmaceutical companies.
For students to practice malaria identification, five Kenyan lab technicians work tirelessly to create a variety of blood specimens. Slides may show one or more of malaria’s several species – others are free of parasites. The majority of malaria cases are the falciparum species, but many people are co-infected with other species and it’s important for students to recognize that, Wagar said.
“At our course, lab students learn skills and habits that increase their ability to accurately detect malaria on blood slides. Yet, when they return to their local laboratories, they face the challenge of changing habits and procedures,” Wagar said. “Changing behavior is hard to do.”
In late-April, Wagar accompanied Jew Ochola, 28, the center’s daily operations manager to Oyugis, the district center of Rachuonyo that lies roughly 30 miles south of Kisumu in Kenya’s Nyanza province.
“First I do an assessment of the hospital’s lab, what procedures they have, the number of people on staff and the equipment they use,” Ochola said. “By partnering with laboratory managers, we hope to increase standards and improve efficient and effective diagnosis.
The goal is to lessen the burden of malaria on the local people.”
To mark progress, lab staffs must collect 20 slides each month that show properly handled blood samples. Monthly visits will mark performance improvement.
Through quality malaria diagnosis, USAMRU-K is part of a larger public health effort to reduce malaria’s impacts on Kenyan’s lives. Illness means paying for treatment and less wages earned, creating an impact on the economy.
“By mitigating a public health burden, people should have more time to grow food and have money for things other than medical care,” Wagar said. “We can’t expect to see change right away, but hopefully things will be a little bit better every month.”
Working with the Djibouti-based Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa and other DoD agencies, the center recently offered microscopy courses through U.S. military partnership events in Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania. The effort supports U.S. Army Africa’s strategic engagement goal of increasing capabilities and strengthening capacity with the militaries of African nations, Wagar said.
“To date, that includes eight Kenyan military lab techs, 17 from the Tanzania People’s Defense Force and 30 Nigerians,” Wagar said.
Accurate diagnosis is also a key factor for military readiness, Wagar said. For example, a Kenyan soldier stationed in Nairobi – where malaria is less prevalent – is susceptible to the disease if posted elsewhere in the country.
“Improving malaria diagnosis within African military laboratories sets conditions for healthier troops,” Wagar said. “When forces are healthy, they are more capable to support their government and regional security.”
To learn more about U.S. Army Africa visit our official website at www.usaraf.army.mil
Official Twitter Feed: www.twitter.com/usarmyafrica
Official YouTube video channel: www.youtube.com/usarmyafrica
2007- Ford Mondeo lower series (Edge/Zetec) instrument panel dials on LED test in the diagnostic mode.
Some of the warning lights were flashing but you're unable to see this due to the limitations of still cellphone photography.
If using this image please attribute to "Kitmondo LAB" - www.kitmondo.com/lab-medical-bioscience-equipment
Images from listings on our website Kitmondo.com in the laboratory, medical and bioprocessing section. See a range of lab, medical and biomedical equipment from across the globe on our site.
Mr Mahi Muqit PhD FRCOphth is a Consultant Ophthalmologist, Cataract and Vitreoretinal Surgeon at the world famous Moorfields Eye Hospital in London. He runs a private practice at both Moorfields Private and at 119 Harley Street in London.
For More Information Visit: www.retinasurgeon.uk.com/
Running diagnostics, it wont do a pxe boot from our image server. So not easy to get our default company image into it. Hard to explain to Lenovo support what is wrong, cause its so very specific. All other network functions are just fine. If I had to guess I would say its network driver issue and this laptop has a very specific revision of network board.
ORV=Opel+Renault+Volvo
ORV has the funciton of tag key tool now!
Commander for OPEL/VAUXHALL(v3.5) is a professional software for diagnostic of Opel/Vauxhall. It is capable to perform a diagnostic of any unit, which operates under one of the following protocols: Keyword 82, Keyword 2000 and GMLAN. It provides some unique functions, which are not supported by any other diagnostic tool.
Standard diagnostic functions:
For all electronic control units reading identification data
For all electronic control units read error (DTCs)
For all electronic control units clear error (DTCs)
Device scan
Data Display / Measured values
Security code programming
Vehicle identification programming
Injector programming - Diesel engines
Programming of the CAN configuration
Program immobiliser function
- Adaptation of Engine Control Module to immobilizer
- Adaptation of Immobilizer to the vehicle
Program immobiliser outputs
- Enable/Disable Anti Theft Warning system
Special functions:
Read security code
- With a new special function ON005 you can read Security code from all Opel/Vauxhall vehicles with CAN BUS by OBDII - Astra H, Corsa D, Vectra C, Zafira B, Agila B, Insignia
- Read security code PSG16 (Y20DTH, Y22DTR) - Astra G, Zafira, Vectra C
Read/Write EEPROM
- Magneti Marelli 1.3 16V CDTI (Z13DT) - Agila, Corsa C, Tigra B
- SIMTEC71.1(Z18XE, Z18XEL) - Astra G, Corsa C, meriva, Tigra B, Vectra B, Zafira
- Read eeprom of the instrument Panel Cluster of Astra G, Corsa C, Meriva, Tigra B
Odometer correction
- Odometer correction - Movano B - Instrument Panel by OBDII
- Odometer correction in EDC16 - 1.7; 1.9 by OBDII
- Odometer correction in ECU - Bosch ME 7.6.2, Delco MT35E
- Odometer correction PSG16 (Y20DTH, Y22DTR) - Astra G, Zafira, Vectra C
- Instrument Panel Cluster - Astra G; Corsa-C; Meriva; Tigra-B; Vectra-B. NOT SUPPORT TRW IPC!
Engine Flasher
- Read/Write flash memory from ECU - Simtec 70, Simtec 71, Delco HDRC, Marelli MJD 602, Motronic 7.6, Delco MT35E
Key Learning
- Read mechanical key number
Radio
- Read radio code by OBD from Delco CDR500
Airbag
- Erase crash data by OBD - Airbag SAB6 - Siemens with MCU Motorola HC11
Dump Tool
- Airbag TEMIC Astra G, Corsa C (68HC908AZ32) - clear crash data
- Siemens (68HC11E9) GM 24416701 DJ - clear crash data
- Read immobiliser II (TMS) security code from dump
- Bosch EDC16 odometer correction
- Magneti Marelli odometer correction
- Astra G, Astra H, Corsa D instrument panel odometer correction
Advanced functions:
Security access
Custom request - manually transmission of messages to a unit (KWP82/KWP2000/CAN)
Custom query
- read mamory by adress - possibility to read/program memory of electronic control units
- scanning of a unit memory space - automaticaly discover of all accessible memory
Supported vehicles:
Insignia - 2008+
Agila - 2000-2007 year
Astra F - 1992-2001 year
Astra G - 1998-2009 yer
Astra H - 2004+
Tigra - 1995-2000 year
Tigra B - 2004+
Vectra B - 1996-2001 year
Vectra C/Signum - 2002+
Corsa B - 1993-2001 year
Corsa C - 2001-2008 year
Codsa D - 2007+
Meriva - 2003-2008 year
Zafira - 1999-2005 year
Zafira B - 2005+
Omega B - 1996-2003 year
Frontera - 1997-1998 year
Frontera B - 1999-2004 year
Calibra - 1990-1997 year
Vivaro - 2001+
Movano - 2004+
Here is his supported functions:
SPAN style=" COLOR: Blue">Commander for Renault Ver. 2.10
Commander for Renault is a professional software mainly for programming the new key/card of Renault vehicles.
NO NEED FROM A PIN CODE
Functions:
Connecting with all electronic control modules in the vehicle. Working by K and CAN bus diagnostic connection
For all electronic control units reading identification data
For all electronic control units read and clear error (DTCs)
Airbag crashdata clear Dacia Logan/Duster by OBDII
Program ID in UCH module
Odometer correction for Renault Clio/Kango/Meganne with HC908 JAEGER
BogenschieĂźen Diagnostisches Ziel: Archery Diagnostic Target at Mt. Clemans Archers Range in Naches Washington
Infermera a la unitat d'imatge per al diagnòstic de l'Hospital de Mollet durant una prova d'imatge. Infermera a la unidad de imagen para el diagnóstico del Hospital de Mollet durante una prueba de imagen.
Autoria: Ariadna Creus i Ă€ngel GarcĂa
20/01/2022. Taunton, United Kingdom. Prime Minister Boris Johnson visits Rutherford Diagnostic Centre. Rutherford Diagnostic. The Prime Minister Boris Johnsons visits Rutherford Diagnostic Centre in Taunton. Picture by Andrew Parsons / No 10 Downing Street
According to national statistics the population in Naryn Oblast has limited access to health care services and faces health concerns, such as child and maternal mortality that are higher than national average rates for the rest of the country. In response to this challenge and to increase access to high-quality health care and promote quality of life by maintaining international standard of health service, the Aga Khan Health Services established the Aga Khan Medical and Diagnostic Centre (AKMDC) in Naryn which was inaugurated in May 2016. AKMDC is a private and not-for-profit consultation and diagnostic centre.
The Centre, operating under a licence issued by the Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan, is staffed with qualified doctors, nurses and paramedics to provide reliable and affordable services in gynaecology, obstetrics, cardiology, family medicine and paediatrics.
Equipped with a general x-ray, Doppler ultrasound, ECG services, gastro-endoscopy services with generous support of the Government of Canada and the AKDN, the Centre offers full laboratory services including biochemistry, pathology and haematology tests. A well-equipped and well-stocked high quality pharmacy is available to accommodate to the patient’s needs.
Most target diagnostic instruments at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory will operate inside large vacuum-sealed diagnostic instrument manipulator tubes called DIMs. The instrument is loaded into the DIM and inserted in the target chamber through a gate valve after air is evacuated from the tube. In the photo, Joel Alfonso adjusts a DIM handling unit, a canister used to transport diagnostic instruments and load them into the DIM.
20/01/2022. Taunton, United Kingdom. Prime Minister Boris Johnson visits Rutherford Diagnostic Centre. Rutherford Diagnostic. The Prime Minister Boris Johnsons visits Rutherford Diagnostic Centre in Taunton. Picture by Andrew Parsons / No 10 Downing Street
An X-ray (diagnostic radiography) is a non-invasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Imaging with x-rays involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body.
X-rays are the oldest and the second most frequently used medical imaging tests.
Used to detect joint dislocation or broken bones, guide orthopaedic surgery, look for injury, infection, arthritis, abnormal bone growth, detecting and diagnosing bone cancer.
Fluoroscopy and angiography are special applications of X-ray imaging.
Fluoroscopy is mainly performed to view movement (of tissue or a contrast agent), or to guide a medical intervention, such as angioplasty, pacemaker insertion, or joint repair/replacement. Can be used to examine the digestive system using a substance which is opaque to X-rays, (usually barium sulphate or gastrografin), which is introduced into the digestive system either by swallowing or as an enema.
Angiography is the use of fluoroscopy to view the cardiovascular system. Used to find aneurysms, leaks, blockages (thromboses), new vessel growth, and placement of catheters and stents
The National Ignition Facility's target chamber is ringed with diagnostic instruments, including detectors, oscilloscopes, interferometers and streak cameras, to measure the system's performance and record experimental results. Pictured is the DANTE soft X-ray power diagnostic.
18/01/2022. London, United Kingdom. Boris Johnson-Finchley Memorial Hospital Community Diagnostic. The Prime Minister Boris Johnson visits Finchley Memorial Hospital Community Diagnostic during Covid-19. Picture by Andrew Parsons / No 10 Downing Street
... is being created, in part of the old Broadmarsh Shopping Centre. What a brilliant idea.
For a more detailed view, you can click on the picture.
This house is considered to date from at least the early to mid-C18. The presence of an eared bolection-style moulding to the S doorcase is a diagnostic feature of this period. Such features can range in date from the mid-C17 to the mid-C18 but are generally not found on buildings post-dating the latter.
Pelton is a village and electoral ward in County Durham, in England. The population of the village and ward taken at the 2011 census was 8,250. It is located about two miles to the northwest of Chester-le-Street. The village of West Pelton is located to the west; separated from it by a few villages between and closer to Stanley than to central Chester-le-Street. Pelton has a newly built community centre updated in 2012, one public house and a small range of convenience stores, including a CO OP, three general stores, a Post Office, chemist, doctors surgery, dentist, library, two parks and some take-away food outlets, and some hair salons. Local schools in the area include a primary school (Pelton Primary school). Pelton is served by public transport, with links to Stanley, Sunderland, Newcastle upon Tyne, Chester-le-Street and Consett with buses running up to every 30 minutes or so to 5 bus stops throughout the village. In local government they are governed by the Pelton Parish Council.
Most of the village sits within the River Tyne Catchment area, close to the tributary River Team which joins the Tyne in Dunston The remainder of the village sits within the River Wear catchment area, close to The Cong Burn, which joins the Wear in Chester-le-Street.
Notable people
Thomas Hepburn - English coal miner and trade union leader, born 1795 - died 1864.
Maxine Robinson – serial killer mother who confessed to her crimes in 2004
Alan White – drummer with Yes band, born 1949 - died 2022.
County Durham, officially simply Durham is a ceremonial county in North East England. The county borders Northumberland and Tyne and Wear to the north, the North Sea to the east, North Yorkshire to the south, and Cumbria to the west. The largest settlement is Darlington, and the county town is the city of Durham.
The county has an area of 2,721 km2 (1,051 sq mi) and a population of 866,846. The latter is concentrated in the east; the south-east is part of the Teesside built-up area, which extends into North Yorkshire. After Darlington (92,363), the largest settlements are Hartlepool (88,855), Stockton-on-Tees (82,729), and Durham (48,069). For local government purposes the county comprises three unitary authority areas—County Durham, Darlington, and Hartlepool—and part of a fourth, Stockton-on-Tees. The county historically included the part of Tyne and Wear south of the River Tyne, and excluded the part of County Durham south of the River Tees.
The west of the county contains part of the North Pennines uplands, a national landscape. The hills are the source of the rivers Tees and Wear, which flow east and form the valleys of Teesdale and Weardale respectively. The east of the county is flatter, and contains by rolling hills through which the two rivers meander; the Tees forms the boundary with North Yorkshire in its lower reaches, and the Wear exits the county near Chester-le-Street in the north-east. The county's coast is a site of special scientific interest characterised by tall limestone and dolomite cliffs.
What is now County Durham was on the border of Roman Britain, and contains survivals of this era at sites such as Binchester Roman Fort. In the Anglo-Saxon period the region was part of the Kingdom of Northumbria. In 995 the city of Durham was founded by monks seeking a place safe from Viking raids to house the relics of St Cuthbert. Durham Cathedral was rebuilt after the Norman Conquest, and together with Durham Castle is now a World Heritage Site. By the late Middle Ages the county was governed semi-independently by the bishops of Durham and was also a buffer zone between England and Scotland. County Durham became heavily industrialised in the nineteenth century, when many collieries opened on the Durham coalfield. The Stockton and Darlington Railway, the world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, opened in 1825. Most collieries closed during the last quarter of the twentieth century, but the county's coal mining heritage is remembered in the annual Durham Miners' Gala.
Remains of Prehistoric Durham include a number of Neolithic earthworks.
The Crawley Edge Cairns and Heathery Burn Cave are Bronze Age sites. Maiden Castle, Durham is an Iron Age site.
Brigantia, the land of the Brigantes, is said to have included what is now County Durham.
There are archaeological remains of Roman Durham. Dere Street and Cade's Road run through what is now County Durham. There were Roman forts at Concangis (Chester-le-Street), Lavatrae (Bowes), Longovicium (Lanchester), Piercebridge (Morbium), Vindomora (Ebchester) and Vinovium (Binchester). (The Roman fort at Arbeia (South Shields) is within the former boundaries of County Durham.) A Romanised farmstead has been excavated at Old Durham.
Remains of the Anglo-Saxon period include a number of sculpted stones and sundials, the Legs Cross, the Rey Cross and St Cuthbert's coffin.
Around AD 547, an Angle named Ida founded the kingdom of Bernicia after spotting the defensive potential of a large rock at Bamburgh, upon which many a fortification was thenceforth built. Ida was able to forge, hold and consolidate the kingdom; although the native British tried to take back their land, the Angles triumphed and the kingdom endured.
In AD 604, Ida's grandson Æthelfrith forcibly merged Bernicia (ruled from Bamburgh) and Deira (ruled from York, which was known as Eforwic at the time) to create the Kingdom of Northumbria. In time, the realm was expanded, primarily through warfare and conquest; at its height, the kingdom stretched from the River Humber (from which the kingdom drew its name) to the Forth. Eventually, factional fighting and the rejuvenated strength of neighbouring kingdoms, most notably Mercia, led to Northumbria's decline. The arrival of the Vikings hastened this decline, and the Scandinavian raiders eventually claimed the Deiran part of the kingdom in AD 867 (which became JĂłrvĂk). The land that would become County Durham now sat on the border with the Great Heathen Army, a border which today still (albeit with some adjustments over the years) forms the boundaries between Yorkshire and County Durham.
Despite their success south of the river Tees, the Vikings never fully conquered the Bernician part of Northumbria, despite the many raids they had carried out on the kingdom. However, Viking control over the Danelaw, the central belt of Anglo-Saxon territory, resulted in Northumbria becoming isolated from the rest of Anglo-Saxon Britain. Scots invasions in the north pushed the kingdom's northern boundary back to the River Tweed, and the kingdom found itself reduced to a dependent earldom, its boundaries very close to those of modern-day Northumberland and County Durham. The kingdom was annexed into England in AD 954.
In AD 995, St Cuthbert's community, who had been transporting Cuthbert's remains around, partly in an attempt to avoid them falling into the hands of Viking raiders, settled at Dunholm (Durham) on a site that was defensively favourable due to the horseshoe-like path of the River Wear. St Cuthbert's remains were placed in a shrine in the White Church, which was originally a wooden structure but was eventually fortified into a stone building.
Once the City of Durham had been founded, the Bishops of Durham gradually acquired the lands that would become County Durham. Bishop Aldhun began this process by procuring land in the Tees and Wear valleys, including Norton, Stockton, Escomb and Aucklandshire in 1018. In 1031, King Canute gave Staindrop to the Bishops. This territory continued to expand, and was eventually given the status of a liberty. Under the control of the Bishops of Durham, the land had various names: the "Liberty of Durham", "Liberty of St Cuthbert's Land" "the lands of St Cuthbert between Tyne and Tees" or "the Liberty of Haliwerfolc" (holy Wear folk).
The bishops' special jurisdiction rested on claims that King Ecgfrith of Northumbria had granted a substantial territory to St Cuthbert on his election to the see of Lindisfarne in 684. In about 883 a cathedral housing the saint's remains was established at Chester-le-Street and Guthfrith, King of York granted the community of St Cuthbert the area between the Tyne and the Wear, before the community reached its final destination in 995, in Durham.
Following the Norman invasion, the administrative machinery of government extended only slowly into northern England. Northumberland's first recorded Sheriff was Gilebert from 1076 until 1080 and a 12th-century record records Durham regarded as within the shire. However the bishops disputed the authority of the sheriff of Northumberland and his officials, despite the second sheriff for example being the reputed slayer of Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots. The crown regarded Durham as falling within Northumberland until the late thirteenth century.
Following the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror appointed Copsig as Earl of Northumbria, thereby bringing what would become County Durham under Copsig's control. Copsig was, just a few weeks later, killed in Newburn. Having already being previously offended by the appointment of a non-Northumbrian as Bishop of Durham in 1042, the people of the region became increasingly rebellious. In response, in January 1069, William despatched a large Norman army, under the command of Robert de Comines, to Durham City. The army, believed to consist of 700 cavalry (about one-third of the number of Norman knights who had participated in the Battle of Hastings), entered the city, whereupon they were attacked, and defeated, by a Northumbrian assault force. The Northumbrians wiped out the entire Norman army, including Comines, all except for one survivor, who was allowed to take the news of this defeat back.
Following the Norman slaughter at the hands of the Northumbrians, resistance to Norman rule spread throughout Northern England, including a similar uprising in York. William The Conqueror subsequently (and successfully) attempted to halt the northern rebellions by unleashing the notorious Harrying of the North (1069–1070). Because William's main focus during the harrying was on Yorkshire, County Durham was largely spared the Harrying.
Anglo-Norman Durham refers to the Anglo-Norman period, during which Durham Cathedral was built.
Matters regarding the bishopric of Durham came to a head in 1293 when the bishop and his steward failed to attend proceedings of quo warranto held by the justices of Northumberland. The bishop's case went before parliament, where he stated that Durham lay outside the bounds of any English shire and that "from time immemorial it had been widely known that the sheriff of Northumberland was not sheriff of Durham nor entered within that liberty as sheriff. . . nor made there proclamations or attachments". The arguments appear to have prevailed, as by the fourteenth century Durham was accepted as a liberty which received royal mandates direct. In effect it was a private shire, with the bishop appointing his own sheriff. The area eventually became known as the "County Palatine of Durham".
Sadberge was a liberty, sometimes referred to as a county, within Northumberland. In 1189 it was purchased for the see but continued with a separate sheriff, coroner and court of pleas. In the 14th century Sadberge was included in Stockton ward and was itself divided into two wards. The division into the four wards of Chester-le-Street, Darlington, Easington and Stockton existed in the 13th century, each ward having its own coroner and a three-weekly court corresponding to the hundred court. The diocese was divided into the archdeaconries of Durham and Northumberland. The former is mentioned in 1072, and in 1291 included the deaneries of Chester-le-Street, Auckland, Lanchester and Darlington.
The term palatinus is applied to the bishop in 1293, and from the 13th century onwards the bishops frequently claimed the same rights in their lands as the king enjoyed in his kingdom.
The historic boundaries of County Durham included a main body covering the catchment of the Pennines in the west, the River Tees in the south, the North Sea in the east and the Rivers Tyne and Derwent in the north. The county palatinate also had a number of liberties: the Bedlingtonshire, Islandshire and Norhamshire exclaves within Northumberland, and the Craikshire exclave within the North Riding of Yorkshire. In 1831 the county covered an area of 679,530 acres (2,750.0 km2) and had a population of 253,910. These exclaves were included as part of the county for parliamentary electoral purposes until 1832, and for judicial and local-government purposes until the coming into force of the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, which merged most remaining exclaves with their surrounding county. The boundaries of the county proper remained in use for administrative and ceremonial purposes until the Local Government Act 1972.
Boldon Book (1183 or 1184) is a polyptichum for the Bishopric of Durham.
Until the 15th century, the most important administrative officer in the Palatinate was the steward. Other officers included the sheriff, the coroners, the Chamberlain and the chancellor. The palatine exchequer originated in the 12th century. The palatine assembly represented the whole county, and dealt chiefly with fiscal questions. The bishop's council, consisting of the clergy, the sheriff and the barons, regulated judicial affairs, and later produced the Chancery and the courts of Admiralty and Marshalsea.
The prior of Durham ranked first among the bishop's barons. He had his own court, and almost exclusive jurisdiction over his men. A UNESCO site describes the role of the Prince-Bishops in Durham, the "buffer state between England and Scotland":
From 1075, the Bishop of Durham became a Prince-Bishop, with the right to raise an army, mint his own coins, and levy taxes. As long as he remained loyal to the king of England, he could govern as a virtually autonomous ruler, reaping the revenue from his territory, but also remaining mindful of his role of protecting England’s northern frontier.
A report states that the Bishops also had the authority to appoint judges and barons and to offer pardons.
There were ten palatinate barons in the 12th century, most importantly the Hyltons of Hylton Castle, the Bulmers of Brancepeth, the Conyers of Sockburne, the Hansards of Evenwood, and the Lumleys of Lumley Castle. The Nevilles owned large estates in the county. John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby rebuilt Raby Castle, their principal seat, in 1377.
Edward I's quo warranto proceedings of 1293 showed twelve lords enjoying more or less extensive franchises under the bishop. The repeated efforts of the Crown to check the powers of the palatinate bishops culminated in 1536 in the Act of Resumption, which deprived the bishop of the power to pardon offences against the law or to appoint judicial officers. Moreover, indictments and legal processes were in future to run in the name of the king, and offences to be described as against the peace of the king, rather than that of the bishop. In 1596 restrictions were imposed on the powers of the chancery, and in 1646 the palatinate was formally abolished. It was revived, however, after the Restoration, and continued with much the same power until 5 July 1836, when the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 provided that the palatine jurisdiction should in future be vested in the Crown.
During the 15th-century Wars of the Roses, Henry VI passed through Durham. On the outbreak of the Great Rebellion in 1642 Durham inclined to support the cause of Parliament, and in 1640 the high sheriff of the palatinate guaranteed to supply the Scottish army with provisions during their stay in the county. In 1642 the Earl of Newcastle formed the western counties into an association for the King's service, but in 1644 the palatinate was again overrun by a Scottish army, and after the Battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644) fell entirely into the hands of Parliament.
In 1614, a Bill was introduced in Parliament for securing representation to the county and city of Durham and the borough of Barnard Castle. The bishop strongly opposed the proposal as an infringement of his palatinate rights, and the county was first summoned to return members to Parliament in 1654. After the Restoration of 1660 the county and city returned two members each. In the wake of the Reform Act of 1832 the county returned two members for two divisions, and the boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland acquired representation. The bishops lost their secular powers in 1836. The boroughs of Darlington, Stockton and Hartlepool returned one member each from 1868 until the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 reformed the municipal boroughs of Durham, Stockton on Tees and Sunderland. In 1875, Jarrow was incorporated as a municipal borough, as was West Hartlepool in 1887. At a county level, the Local Government Act 1888 reorganised local government throughout England and Wales. Most of the county came under control of the newly formed Durham County Council in an area known as an administrative county. Not included were the county boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland. However, for purposes other than local government, the administrative county of Durham and the county boroughs continued to form a single county to which the Crown appointed a Lord Lieutenant of Durham.
Over its existence, the administrative county lost territory, both to the existing county boroughs, and because two municipal boroughs became county boroughs: West Hartlepool in 1902 and Darlington in 1915. The county boundary with the North Riding of Yorkshire was adjusted in 1967: that part of the town of Barnard Castle historically in Yorkshire was added to County Durham, while the administrative county ceded the portion of the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in Durham to the North Riding. In 1968, following the recommendation of the Local Government Commission, Billingham was transferred to the County Borough of Teesside, in the North Riding. In 1971, the population of the county—including all associated county boroughs (an area of 2,570 km2 (990 sq mi))—was 1,409,633, with a population outside the county boroughs of 814,396.
In 1974, the Local Government Act 1972 abolished the administrative county and the county boroughs, reconstituting County Durham as a non-metropolitan county. The reconstituted County Durham lost territory to the north-east (around Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland) to Tyne and Wear and to the south-east (around Hartlepool) to Cleveland. At the same time it gained the former area of Startforth Rural District from the North Riding of Yorkshire. The area of the Lord Lieutenancy of Durham was also adjusted by the Act to coincide with the non-metropolitan county (which occupied 3,019 km2 (1,166 sq mi) in 1981).
In 1996, as part of 1990s UK local government reform by Lieutenancies Act 1997, Cleveland was abolished. Its districts were reconstituted as unitary authorities. Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees (north Tees) were returned to the county for the purposes of Lord Lieutenancy. Darlington also became a third unitary authority of the county. The Royal Mail abandoned the use of postal counties altogether, permitted but not mandatory being at a writer wishes.
As part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England initiated by the Department for Communities and Local Government, the seven district councils within the County Council area were abolished. The County Council assumed their functions and became the fourth unitary authority. Changes came into effect on 1 April 2009.
On 15 April 2014, North East Combined Authority was established under the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 with powers over economic development and regeneration. In November 2018, Newcastle City Council, North Tyneside Borough Council, and Northumberland County Council left the authority. These later formed the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
In May 2021, four parish councils of the villages of Elwick, Hart, Dalton Piercy and Greatham all issued individual votes of no confidence in Hartlepool Borough Council, and expressed their desire to join the County Durham district.
In October 2021, County Durham was shortlisted for the UK City of Culture 2025. In May 2022, it lost to Bradford.
Eighteenth century Durham saw the appearance of dissent in the county and the Durham Ox. The county did not assist the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715. The Statue of Neptune in the City of Durham was erected in 1729.
A number of disasters happened in Nineteenth century Durham. The Felling mine disasters happened in 1812, 1813, 1821 and 1847. The Philadelphia train accident happened in 1815. In 1854, there was a great fire in Gateshead. One of the West Stanley Pit disasters happened in 1882. The Victoria Hall disaster happened in 1883.
One of the West Stanley Pit disasters happened in 1909. The Darlington rail crash happened in 1928. The Battle of Stockton happened in 1933. The Browney rail crash happened in 1946.
The First Treaty of Durham was made at Durham in 1136. The Second Treaty of Durham was made at Durham in 1139.
The county regiment was the Durham Light Infantry, which replaced, in particular, the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) and the Militia and Volunteers of County Durham.
RAF Greatham, RAF Middleton St George and RAF Usworth were located in County Durham.
David I, the King of Scotland, invaded the county in 1136, and ravaged much of the county 1138. In 17 October 1346, the Battle of Neville's Cross was fought at Neville's Cross, near the city of Durham. On 16 December 1914, during the First World War, there was a raid on Hartlepool by the Imperial German Navy.
Chroniclers connected with Durham include the Bede, Symeon of Durham, Geoffrey of Coldingham and Robert de Graystanes.
County Durham has long been associated with coal mining, from medieval times up to the late 20th century. The Durham Coalfield covered a large area of the county, from Bishop Auckland, to Consett, to the River Tyne and below the North Sea, thereby providing a significant expanse of territory from which this rich mineral resource could be extracted.
King Stephen possessed a mine in Durham, which he granted to Bishop Pudsey, and in the same century colliers are mentioned at Coundon, Bishopwearmouth and Sedgefield. Cockfield Fell was one of the earliest Landsale collieries in Durham. Edward III issued an order allowing coal dug at Newcastle to be taken across the Tyne, and Richard II granted to the inhabitants of Durham licence to export the produce of the mines, without paying dues to the corporation of Newcastle. The majority was transported from the Port of Sunderland complex, which was constructed in the 1850s.
Among other early industries, lead-mining was carried on in the western part of the county, and mustard was extensively cultivated. Gateshead had a considerable tanning trade and shipbuilding was undertaken at Jarrow, and at Sunderland, which became the largest shipbuilding town in the world – constructing a third of Britain's tonnage.[citation needed]
The county's modern-era economic history was facilitated significantly by the growth of the mining industry during the nineteenth century. At the industry's height, in the early 20th century, over 170,000 coal miners were employed, and they mined 58,700,000 tons of coal in 1913 alone. As a result, a large number of colliery villages were built throughout the county as the industrial revolution gathered pace.
The railway industry was also a major employer during the industrial revolution, with railways being built throughout the county, such as The Tanfield Railway, The Clarence Railway and The Stockton and Darlington Railway. The growth of this industry occurred alongside the coal industry, as the railways provided a fast, efficient means to move coal from the mines to the ports and provided the fuel for the locomotives. The great railway pioneers Timothy Hackworth, Edward Pease, George Stephenson and Robert Stephenson were all actively involved with developing the railways in tandem with County Durham's coal mining industry. Shildon and Darlington became thriving 'railway towns' and experienced significant growths in population and prosperity; before the railways, just over 100 people lived in Shildon but, by the 1890s, the town was home to around 8,000 people, with Shildon Shops employing almost 3000 people at its height.
However, by the 1930s, the coal mining industry began to diminish and, by the mid-twentieth century, the pits were closing at an increasing rate. In 1951, the Durham County Development Plan highlighted a number of colliery villages, such as Blackhouse, as 'Category D' settlements, in which future development would be prohibited, property would be acquired and demolished, and the population moved to new housing, such as that being built in Newton Aycliffe. Likewise, the railway industry also began to decline, and was significantly brought to a fraction of its former self by the Beeching cuts in the 1960s. Darlington Works closed in 1966 and Shildon Shops followed suit in 1984. The county's last deep mines, at Easington, Vane Tempest, Wearmouth and Westoe, closed in 1993.
Postal Rates from 1801 were charged depending on the distance from London. Durham was allocated the code 263 the approximate mileage from London. From about 1811, a datestamp appeared on letters showing the date the letter was posted. In 1844 a new system was introduced and Durham was allocated the code 267. This system was replaced in 1840 when the first postage stamps were introduced.
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911): "To the Anglo-Saxon period are to be referred portions of the churches of Monk Wearmouth (Sunderland), Jarrow, Escomb near Bishop Auckland, and numerous sculptured crosses, two of which are in situ at Aycliffe. . . . The Decorated and Perpendicular periods are very scantily represented, on account, as is supposed, of the incessant wars between England and Scotland in the 14th and 15th centuries. The principal monastic remains, besides those surrounding Durham cathedral, are those of its subordinate house or "cell," Finchale Priory, beautifully situated by the Wear. The most interesting castles are those of Durham, Raby, Brancepeth and Barnard. There are ruins of castelets or peel-towers at Dalden, Ludworth and Langley Dale. The hospitals of Sherburn, Greatham and Kepyer, founded by early bishops of Durham, retain but few ancient features."
The best remains of the Norman period include Durham Cathedral and Durham Castle, and several parish churches, such as St Laurence Church in Pittington. The Early English period has left the eastern portion of the cathedral, the churches of Darlington, Hartlepool, and St Andrew, Auckland, Sedgefield, and portions of a few other churches.
'Durham Castle and Cathedral' is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. Elsewhere in the County there is Auckland Castle.
Assistance to Georgia for diagnostics of COVID-19
Central Laboratory at the Academician Nikoloz Kipshidze University Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia, receives the equipment of the PCR laboratory for COVID-19 diagnostic. Head of Central Laboratory Ekaterine Kupataze, Laboratory doctors Tamat Magradze and Irma Kheladze, phlebotomist Marina Shalamberidze are discussing new PCR technologies, as a new unit of the laboratory. Before and now laboratory fully manages sampling Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal specimens. "Now they are in the same process of preparing the PCR laboratory for diagnostics of COVID-19". 10 June 2020
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is dispatching equipment to countries around the world to enable them to use a nuclear-derived technique to rapidly detect the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. This emergency assistance is part of the IAEA's response to requests for support from Member States in controlling an increasing number of infections worldwide.
Photo Credit: Natalia Khurtsidze, PR Manager of the Clinic
Photographie aérienne par cerf-volant.
Kite Aerial Photography.
© Octobre 2012, François Levalet www.francoislevalet.fr
Assistance to Kyrgyzstan for diagnostics of COVID-19
Ashyralieva Damira, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic and Diagnostic Research, Department of Disease Prevention and State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Kyrgyzstan and Zhandaeva Aziza, National Liaison Assistant, and Head Specialist of the State Regulation Center on Environment Protection and Ecological Safety, State Agency on Environment Protection and Forestry, Kyrgyzstan with the COVID-19 equipment donated by the IAEA to Kyrgyzstan, received at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic and Diagnostic Research, Department of Disease Prevention and State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Kyrgyzstan. 10 June 2020.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is dispatching equipment to countries around the world to enable them to use a nuclear-derived technique to rapidly detect the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. This emergency assistance is part of the IAEA's response to requests for support from Member States in controlling an increasing number of infections worldwide.
Photo Credit: Z. Bakai/State Regulation Center on Environment Protection and Ecological Safety, Kyrgyzstan
18/01/2022. London, United Kingdom. Boris Johnson-Finchley Memorial Hospital Community Diagnostic. The Prime Minister Boris Johnson visits Finchley Memorial Hospital Community Diagnostic during Covid-19. Picture by Andrew Parsons / No 10 Downing Street
Assistance to Romania for diagnostics of COVID-19
COVID-19 equipment arrive at the Emergency County Hospital Drobeta Turnu Severin, Romania. 19 May 2020.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is dispatching equipment to countries around the world to enable them to use a nuclear-derived technique to rapidly detect the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. This emergency assistance is part of the IAEA's response to requests for support from Member States in controlling an increasing number of infections worldwide.
Photo Credit: Augustin Nicolescu / Emergency County Hospital Drobeta Turnu Severin, Romania
NOTE: Image Low Resolution
British Medical Ultrasound Society Master Class Meeting at UCD School of Medicine ; 14th November 2015
Diagnostic Malagasy Sacred Ibis, Threskiornis bernieri bernieri, 70 - 85 cm / 27.6 - 33.5 in. ENDANGERED Regional ENDEMIC. Restricted to coastal mudflats, estuaries and mangrove swamps. We had scope views of these mudflats from a speedboat.
Betsiboka Delta near Majunga, Mahajanga, Madagascar.
©bryanjsmith.
dx.com/p/pp2000-v23-25-lexia-3-v46-citroen-peugeot-car-di...
- Color: Black
- Material: ABS + copper
- Compatible with Citreon cars including C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 , C-Crosser, Nemo Berlingo,
Jumpy, Jumper, AX, Saxo, BX, etc.
- Diagnostics is performed via OBD-II connector (which is located near steering wheel) or via
manufacturer-specific connector (only older cars, pre-2001)
- Unlike other universal car scanner tools which only read fault codes, this software performs
nearly all the functions like the original dealer diagnostic tool. It contains K-Line
multiplexor, CAN-BUS interfaces and SAE J1850 bus (both PWM and VPW)
- Function:
- Read identification: Displays complete identification of control unit, e.g. part number,
software/hardware version, manufacturer, etc...
- Read fault codes: Displays all stored and pending fault codes with complete description (e.g.
"Rail pressure - too low pressure"). Program supports report printing or copy to clipboard.
- Clear fault codes: This function clears all stored fault codes and other diagnostic
information.
- Auto-scan (complete car scan/test): Detects all ECUs (electronic control units) installed in
car and reads all diagnostic fault codes.
- Measured Values: Program displays live Data like Engine Speed, Battery voltage, Oxygen
Sensor, Coolant Temperature, etc. Values can be displayed in graph, 9 values at once, or full
listing (all measured values). Logging to file is also supported, which allows offline
analysis.
- Actuator test: Actuator test activates particular actuator (e.g. turn on fuel pump,
lock/unlock wheel, lock/unlock doors, cut off fuel, etc.)
- Language: English / German / French / Japanese / Russian / Spanish / Portuguese / Swedish /
Turkish / Dutch / Polish / Italian / Hungary / Greek / Czech
- Hardware required: Intel Celeron/Pentium III 400 MHz, 128 MB RAM, 50MB free HDD space and USB
1.1 port (USB 2.0 recommended)
- OS required: Windows 98 SR2 / 2000 / XP
- Package includes:
- 1 x Main unit with extension OBD2 cable (120cm-cable)
- 1 x Long 9pin to USB cable (120cm)
- 1 x Short 9pin to USB cable (20cm)
- 1 x OBD2 cable (100cm)
- 1 x 16pin to Clip Cable (135cm)
- 1 x Instruction for Installation and Activation DVD for PP2000
Top 10 Facts for Migraines
1. Migraines are more common than you think
- 37 million people in the U.S. suffer from migraines
2. Migraines are expensive
- Migraines cost $14 billion a year in lost productivity, wages, medical expenses, and diagnostics
3. Migraines can be deadly
- Suicide attempts for young adults with migraines were 3-6x higher then those without migraines
4. Migraines require a lot of care
- Migraine sufferers take 2.5x as many prescription medications as non-sufferers, spend 50% more every month on healthcare, and have 6x as many diagnostic tests performed
5. Treatment success depends on your doctor
- Research found that a doctor’s confidence in treatment directly impacts patients’ reported pain relief
6. Natural cures may help
- Scientists are currently studying two preventative treatments for migraines: Butterbur Herb & Magnesium
7. Silent migraines are a thing
- Silent migraines share the symptoms of nausea, auras, and exhaustion, but not the pain
8. Migraines and allergies are linked
- Both migraines and allergies are tied to inflammation and irritation within the body
9. New treatments are in development
- From antidepressants to beta blockers, researchers are working on new medications for migraine treatment and prevention
10. Many famous people suffered from migraines
- Vincent Van Gogh, Charles Darwin, Elvis Presley
El presidente de la RepĂşblica, MartĂn Vizcarra, realizĂł una visita al Centro de AtenciĂłn y Aislamiento Covid-19 ubicado en la Villa Panamericana, donde inspeccionĂł la ampliaciĂłn de las Torres 1 y 2 para atender a pacientes con coronavirus (Covid-19).
La ampliación permitirá contar con 900 camas adicionales para atender a pacientes diagnosticados con coronavirus, ubicados en un hospital de campaña ubicado frente a las Torres 1 y 2.
Estuvo acompañado por el ministro de Salud, VĂctor Zamora; y la presidenta ejecutiva de EsSalud, Fiorella Molinelli.
Assistance to Ukraine for diagnostics of COVID-19
COVID-19 Equipment donated by the IAEA to Ukraine. 22 June 2020
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is dispatching equipment to countries around the world to enable them to use a nuclear-derived technique to rapidly detect the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. This emergency assistance is part of the IAEA's response to requests for support from Member States in controlling an increasing number of infections worldwide.
Photo Credit: IAEA
NOTICE - Unfortunately due to the small size of the image, not suitable for printing or publication purposes.