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Often descriptions end up leaving me with nothing to write other than "I love (insert subject of photo)" and then that is all I have to offer. I'm going to do it again. I love street lights. They remind me of light houses but for cars and people or whatever needs a street light as you linger in the dark.
Description from A Climber’s Guide to the High Sierra (1954):
"This is a jagged ridge of grotesque spires extending westward from Deerhorn Mountain. A complete east to west traverse was made on August 3, 1939, by Ted Waller, Don Woods, and Edward Koskinen, who found no records of previous visits on any of the spires."
Description in english below. But I’m warning you, I’m bad at grammar in french (wich i was born in), so imagine in english !
More link in my page.
Bon j’ai laissé tomber IDM, ou l’inverse…
Et je me suis enfin mit à Studio. Sauf que je me suis dit que le mieux ce serait de me faire un exercice. J’ai donc pris des plans que j’avais achetés sans compter les utiliser un jour. Je suis client BrickVault, et j’avais prit leur offre sur les 4 Ties (Le Normal, l’Interceptor, le X1 de Vador et le Bomber). Tous sont de Jerac. En fait seul les 3 premiers m’intéressaient, le Tie Bomber osef un peu. Je le trouve nul dans ce rôle : c’est un Tie (donc pas de bouclier, d’hyperdrive ou de système vitaux) qui sert de bombardier. Donc il est lent (tu perds l’intérêt du Tie) et peu blindé (ce qui est quand même embêtant pour un bombardier).
Pour la puissance de feu, l’Empire a ses vaisseaux capitaux. Les Bombardiers sont peut-être plus précis, mais ils sont fragiles ceux-là. Et puis pour bombarder les cibles sur des planètes avec atmosphère, déjà le Tie classique à l’aérodynamisme d’un parpaing, bin le Tie Bomber, c’est l’aérodynamisme de deux parpaings. Ensuite ils ont fait encore mieux mais j’y reviendrai.
Alors il n’est pas complètement inutile, il peut réaménager son côté armement pour le transport. Et franchement ça peut faire une estafette pas cher utile hors cadre militaire. Ils s’en servent de celui-là pour débarquer des troupes et une variante sert de navette à Needa pour rencontrer son destin.
J’ai aussi vu une variante du Tie Stricker en mode Tie Bomber, mais je pense que c’était un fan-art. Ce n’est pas bête, ça le rend plus pratique pour bombarder dans l’atmosphère.
Quoiqu’il en soit c’était un bon exercice pour apprendre à me servir de Studio, du coup je ne me suis pas arrêté là. J’aime en effet les Ties, surtout les moches ou pas pratique. Et dans le genre…
Avez-vous déjà joué à Star Wars Galactic Battleground 1 et 2, c’est un jeu de gestion stratégie à la « Age of Empire ». Je me suis pas mal éclaté dessus, d’autant qu’il y avait un bon mode histoire, un mode création de carte génial, et… bref. Les unités évoluaient, en ce qui concerne le Tie Bomber, il passait d’un chasseur à 1 puis 2 puis 4 compartiments armés…
Le Tie Heavy Bomber d’abords avec 2 compartiments armés. L’évolution suivante possède 3 noms : Tie « Advanced » Bomber, le Tie « Punisher » ou encore le Tie « Enterdictor ». Je préfère « Interdictor », parce que « Punisher » … C’est lui qui va se faire punir !
Ces deux variantes ne perdent pas tellement en vitesse ou mobilité car chaque compartiment à ses propres moteurs, mais ils ont d’autres problèmes.
-Sans appuie de chasseurs, ils sont morts. (Pas de boucliers)
-Ils sont plus gros. Ils font donc des cibles plus faciles, l’un des avantages des Ties classique c’est qu’ils font de petites cibles face à l’ennemi.
-Plus de bombes signifie plus de risque pour l’escorte en cas de destruction du bombardier. L’escorte pourraient finir en cendre par ricochés.
-Aérodynamisme… Pour l’Interdictor, c’est plus des parpaings, c’est un mur qui essaie de voler face au vent !
-Les ailes : Leur tailles ne changent pas. Donc déjà ils ne peuvent pas se poser à cause de la sortie des bombes qui dépasse. Ensuite je ne suis pas spécialiste mais elles servent à quoi ces ailes ? Selon les sources on parle de collecteur d’énergie ou pour disperser l’énergie. Quoiqu’il en soit dans le cas de l’Interdictor, avec 3 compartiments de plus que le Bombardier classique… Soit il sera limité en énergie, soir prompt aux surchauffes.
Je les ferai peut-être un jour en lego, mais j’ai d’autres idées de Tie lego à faire avant sans parler d’autre projets dont un qui prendra des années à ce concrétiser.
In English
So I dropped IDM, or the other way around...
And I finally got into Studio. Except I figured the best thing to do was to get some exercise. So I took some instructions I'd bought and didn't plan to use them. I'm a BrickVault customer, and I took their offer on the 4 Ties (The Normal, the Interceptor, the Vader X1 and the Bomber). All are from Jerac. In fact only the first 3 interested me, the Tie Bomber, no so much. I find it bad in this role: it's a Tie (so no shield, hyperdrive or life support system) which is used as a bomber. So it's slow (you lose the interest of the Tie) and not very armored (which is still annoying for a bomber).
For firepower, the Empire has its capital ships. Bombers may be more precise, but those are fragile. And then to bombard targets on planets with atmosphere, already the classic Tie Bomber has the aerodynamics of one cinder blocks, the Tie Bomber has the aerodynamics of two cinder blocks. Then they did even better, but I'll come back to that.
It's not completely useless, it can rearrange its armament side for transport. And frankly it can make a cheap courier ship useful outside the military. They use this one to land troops and a variant is used as a shuttle to Needa to meet his fate.
I also saw a variant of the Tie Stricker in Tie Bomber mode, but I think it was fan art. It's not stupid, it makes it more convenient for bombing in the atmosphere.
Anyway it was a good exercise to learn how to use the Studio, so I didn't stop there. I do like Ties, especially the uglies ones or not practical.
Have you ever played Star Wars Galactic Battleground 1 and 2 ? It's a strategy management game, "Age of Empire" but in Star Wars. I had a lot of fun on it, especially since there was a good story mode, an awesome map creation mode... The units were evolving, as far as the Tie Bomber was concerned, it went from a fighter to 1 then 2 then 4 armed compartments...
The Tie Heavy Bomber first with 2 armed compartments. The following evolution has 3 names: Tie "Advanced" Bomber, the Tie "Punisher" or the Tie "Enterdictor". I prefer "Interdictor", because "Punisher" ... He's the one who will be punished!
These two variants don't lose so much speed or mobility because each compartment has its own engines, but they have other problems.
-Without fighter support, they're dead. (No shields)
-They're bigger. So they make easier targets, one of the advantages of the classic Ties is that they make small targets in front of the enemy.
-More bombs means more risks to the escort in case the bomber is destroyed. The escort could end up in ash.
-Aerodynamics... For the Interdictor, it's not like cinder blocks, it's like a wall trying to fly into the wind!
-The wings: Their sizes doesn't change. So they can't land because the bombs "distributor" are sticking out. Then I'm not a specialist, but what are these wings for? Depending on the source, they are used as energy collectors or to disperse energy. Anyway, in the case of the Interdictor, with 3 compartments more than the classic bomber... Either it will be limited in energy, or will be prone to overheating.
I may do them one day in lego, but I have other ideas of Tie lego to do before, not to mention other projects, including one that will take years to materialize.
soundcloud.com/oxiceek/sets/20-read-description
So it's here, but it's incomplete...
First, I turned 20, August the 25th. So here's something special!
The concept was to make a remix of a track matching a specific year. 20 tracks (including 1 original track for 2016)were planned, but I only managed to make 8 of them and they're not perfect to me. But still, I wanted to share them so there you go!
Not sure I'll finish this project one day, but it was worth it to try.
Oh and the album is absolutely free!
Description:
New housing estate at Ballinderry, Co. Westmeath.
Mullingar Rural District Council
Date: c.1960
Reference: D4069/19/7
For queries in relation to reproducing this image, please contact PRONI (proni@communities-ni.gov.uk) citing the relevant catalogue reference number.
"DESCRIPTION: Portulaca is a small group of trailing annuals. P. grandiflora, Sun Plant, is a popular kind native of Brazil. The sprawling stems grow 4 or 5 inches long and are clothed with somewhat succulent, cylindrical leaves. Several large flowers, up to an inch in diameter, grow at the ends of the stems. They come in an array of bright, beautiful colors; purple, scarlet, yellow and pink are just a few. There are both single- and double-flowered varieties. P. oleracea, the common Purslane, can grow up to 6 inches high. It is from southern Europe and can be an annoying garden weed. This and a variety of it, P. oleracea variety sativa can be grown in the vegetable garden. Even the weedy wild Purslane is good used as a potherb or in a salad, but the cultivated variety is larger and more tender. Purslane is a trailing annual with reddish, fleshy stems whose joints will form roots when they come in contact with the ground. The fleshy leaves are spoon shaped and up to 2 inches long and the small flowers are a brilliant yellow. Cultivated Purslane (also known as Pusley & Verdolaga) grows about 3 inches high and 12 to 18 inches wide. The plants are succulent and delicate."
Description: Rho Ophiuchi and IC 4592 are two stunning nebulae that offer a glimpse into the complex beauty of our galaxy. The Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, located about 427 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus, is a vibrant mix of bright stars, blue reflection nebulae, and intricate dark dust lanes. It is one of the closest star-forming regions to Earth, providing a rich laboratory for studying the birth of stars and the role of interstellar dust. Just a short cosmic distance away lies IC 4592, the Blue Horsehead Nebula, in the constellation Scorpius. This reflection nebula, shaped intriguingly like a horse's head, is illuminated by the star Nu Scorpii and is composed of fine dust particles that scatter the starlight, creating its characteristic blue hue. Both nebulae are prominent in the summer skies of Kuwait and can be captured in a breathtaking two-panel mosaic using a 135mm lens, a dedicated cooled astronomy camera, and an equatorial mount. This region of the sky not only showcases the dynamic processes of stellar evolution but also offers a mesmerizing vista for astrophotographers and astronomers alike.
Acquisition Details;
Panel 1:
Date: June 10, 2023
Frames: 23×300" at f/2.8
Total integration:1h 55′
Avg. Moon age: 21.80 days
Avg. Moon phase: 53.70%
Locations: Al Salmy Desert, Al Jahra Governorate, Kuwait
Panel 2:
Dates: April 18, 2023
Frames: 87×120″ at f/2.8
Integration: 2h 54′
Avg. Moon age: 27.73 days
Avg. Moon phase: 3.62%
Locations: Al Salmy Desert, Al Jahra Governorate, Kuwait
Calibration:
Darks: 30
Flats: 30
Bias: 50
Equipment:
Lens: Rokinon 135mm f/2.0 ED UMC
Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI2600MC Pro
Mount: ZWO AM5
Accessories: ZWO ASIAIR Plus · ZWO EAF
Description: Man in center is identified as George Young, a camp counselor. Two boys are unidentified.
Photographer: unknown
Date: 1933
Medium: Black and white photograph
Repository: American Jewish Historical Society
Call Number: I-42-SeriesVI-006
Parent Collection: Records of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of the City of New York (I-42)
Persistent URL: access.cjh.org/1550237
Rights Information: No known copyright restrictions; may be subject to third party rights. For more copyright information, click here.
See more information about this image and others at CJH Digital Collections.
To inquire about rights and permissions, or if you have a question regarding the collection to which the image belongs, please contact the Reference Department of the American Jewish Historical Society by email.
Description: An unidentified driver takes advantage of the Post Office Department's new snorkel chute curbside mailbox. The mailboxes were designed to permit motorists to drop off their mail without getting out of their cars. This mailbox was placed in front of New York City's main city post office.
Creator/Photographer: Unidentified photographer
Medium: Black and white photographic print
Culture: American
Geography: USA
Date: 1953
Museum
Collection: U.S. Mailboxes
Repository: www.postalmuseum.si.edu/
[DESCRIPTION]
Talon Dropship units contain a troop compartment unit in the middle, which can transport around 8-10 troops inside, as well as a front cockpit unit with multiple HUD displays.
Description: Miranda in his studio, working on a sculpture. Annotated: "to my friend Mr. W. H. (?) Ostrander, F. Miranda." Photographer unknown.
Miranda, Fernando, b. 1842
Creator/Photographer: Unidentified photographer
Medium: Black and white photographic print
Dimensions: 30 cm x 21 cm
Date: c. 1870
Persistent URL: www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/fernando-miranda...
Repository: Archives of American Art
Accession number: aaa_miscphot_8259
Description: Astronomers have studied two star clusters to gain insight on how clusters of stars like our Sun form. This composite image shows one of the clusters, NGC 2024, in X-rays from Chandra (purple) and infrared data from Spitzer Space Telescope (red, green, and blue). A study of NGC 2024 and the Orion Nebula Cluster suggest that the stars on the outskirts of these clusters are older than those in the central regions. This is different from what the simplest idea of star formation predicts, where stars are born first in the center of a collapsing cloud of gas and dust when the density is large enough.
Creator: Chandra X-ray Observatory Center
Record URL: chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2014/flame/
Vacant shells are often entirely translucent milky-white.
Shell height 1.6 mm, Anglesey, Wales, May 2016.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION BELOW
Sets of OTHER SPECIES: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
Rissoella diaphana (Alder, 1848)
Synonyms: Rissoa diaphana Alder, 1848; Rissoella glabra Gray, 1847.
Meaning of name: Rissoella= named after G.A. Risso. diaphana (Greek) = transparent, translucent.
Vernacular: Gewone dropslak (Dutch);
GLOSSARY below.
Introduction
Rissoella diaphana is a minute gastropod living on fine green and red sea weeds in rock pools, sheltered sea lochs and lagoons at marine and brackish salinities. It is unlikely to be noticed unless samples of weed are examined under magnification, preferably with a stereo-microscope at 10 to 20X. Its small size and specialized habitat may have led to evolution of some of its unusual anatomical features.
Shell description
The minute, colourless, transparent shell is usually 1-1.5 mm high and 0.78-0.85 mm wide (Fretter & Graham, 1978). Exceptionally, it reaches 1.95 mm high and 1.05 mm broad, 01Rd flic.kr/p/HARucc . The shell walls are very thin and fragile. It has fine sutures distinctly defined between tumid whorls which are smoothly rounded except for a flattened, narrow, subsutural shoulder 02Rd flic.kr/p/HyryXW .
Its profile is conical with a blunt apex formed by a protoconch which is slightly wider than the teleoconch at their juncture, causing a small bulge. The apical angle is about 50° 02Rd flic.kr/p/HyryXW . Its width is 54-60% of the height, decreasing with growth. The height of the body whorl is 64-75% of shell height 01Rd flic.kr/p/HARucc . The only sculpture on the smooth surface is sparse growth lines. The height of the oval aperture is 36-47% of the shell height, decreasing with growth 01Rd flic.kr/p/HARucc . The adapical angle of the aperture is c. 90º or a little less. . The thin palatal (outer) lip curves smoothly and the slightly sigmoid edge of the columellar lip continues as the parietal lip. The columellar lip is slightly reflected over a small umbilical chink 02Rd flic.kr/p/HyryXW . When live, the shell is glossy, transparent and colourless, clearly showing the distinctive colours and form of the soft parts within 02Rd flic.kr/p/HyryXW . Vacant shells may be translucent milky-white 03Rd flic.kr/p/HyryEG . The oval operculum has concentric whorls around its nucleus at the middle of its columellar edge, adjacent to the umbilical chink. It is usually transparent colourless apart from a faint brownish streak on its columellar edge 02Rd flic.kr/p/HyryXW . On very large specimens, the operculum may be entirely translucent horn-colour 04Rd flic.kr/p/HhHQAG . The inner face of the operculum has three ribs radiating from a peg-shaped process; one in each direction along the columellar edge and a third across the centre of the operculum. On live melanistic specimens the pale ribs can be seen through the operculum, contrasting with the black flesh 05Rd flic.kr/p/Hyryiu . On more usual specimens, the pale flesh is seen through the operculum, often with an arc of brown opercular lobe at either end of palatal edge 02Rd flic.kr/p/HyryXW .
Body description
The snout is so deeply and widely bifid as to resemble stout blunt tentacles 06Rd flic.kr/p/HhHQiN .The mouth is a longitudinal slit at its base 07Rd flic.kr/p/HhHQc5 . Cephalic tentacles arise from the base of the snout; they are cylindrical, slightly tapering to blunt tips 08Rd flic.kr/p/HyrxCG . Each eye is on a slight bulge far back from the tentacles; they are usually kept within the transparent shell 06Rd flic.kr/p/HhHQiN and are only rarely exposed beyond it 09Rd flic.kr/p/HyrxuA .
The long narrow foot tapers at its posterior, and the anterior is truncated with a medial embayment 10Rd flic.kr/p/Hyrxdy and a rounded flexible lobe at each side 11Rd flic.kr/p/GMoRDQ . The sole is translucent white with opaque white spots. It is divided by a medial longitudinal furrow which has at its brownish centre the posterior pedal mucous gland with a groove running to the posterior. On typical pale specimens the whitish opercular disc supporting the operculum is slightly exposed laterally as small brown opercular lobes 12Rd flic.kr/p/HyrvZb . The disc and lobes are often visible through the transparent operculum when the animal is retracted into its shell 10Rd flic.kr/p/Hyrxdy . The bilaminate structure of the foot is clearly distinguished on melanistic specimens as the ventral sole layer is white and the dorsal layer is black. The two layers do not precisely coincide. To the anterior of the snout the dorsal layer of the foot, like the snout, is deeply and widely bifid exposing a large 'V' of the white sole layer 13Rd flic.kr/p/HARsmD . The dorsal layer can shift position relative to the sole layer, sometimes extending beyond it 14Rd flic.kr/p/Hyrx4f and sometimes retracting short of it 13Rd flic.kr/p/HARsmD . The anterior pedal mucous gland opens at the fork of the 'V' 07Rd flic.kr/p/HhHQc5 . The wide white periphery of the foot on melanistic specimens suggests that the upper-layer may not cover the sole-layer there 14Rd flic.kr/p/Hyrx4f .
The ground colour of flesh on typical specimens is translucent white with opaque white spots; usually with brown longitudinal bands on the dorsal surface of the snout, head and neck and a brown diagonal band on each side of the foot and brown opercular lobes 09Rd flic.kr/p/HyrxuA . The extent and shade of brown varies 01Rd flic.kr/p/HARucc ; some lack brown on the opercular lobes and on some the brown coalesces all over body and some others are entirely purple-brown or black. Usually, the sole, tentacles and distal half of the snout are whitish even on melanistic specimens 15Rd flic.kr/p/HhHPxQ .
The whitish mantle often extends slightly beyond the edge of the aperture 06Rd flic.kr/p/HhHQiN . Copious mucus can be exuded by mantle 09Rd flic.kr/p/HyrxuA . The transparent shell reveals the colours of the body within it. The hypobranchial gland consists of some groups of white and yellow granules and one large dark brown/black oval. There are various other brown and opaque white marks in the mantle, a brown digestive gland interspersed with black excretory cells, and a yellow/orange hermaphrodite gonad 16Rd flic.kr/p/HhHPmh . There is no ctenidium or osphradium within the mantle cavity. A small penis lies in a groove on the right.
Key identification features
Rissoella diaphana
1) Shell, usual maximum height 1.5 mm, extreme 1.95 mm, conical. Height noticeably more than (1.7 to 1.85X ) the width. Aperture less than 50% of shell height (usually 36-47%). 01Rd flic.kr/p/HARucc . Colourless transparent when live, milky white when vacant 03Rd flic.kr/p/HyryEG .
2) Conspicuous brown/black oval in hypobranchial gland is visible dorsally through body whorl of live animal 16Rd flic.kr/p/HhHPmh (Obscured in melanistic specimens).
3) Snout deeply and widely bifid 06Rd flic.kr/p/HhHQiN , cephalic tentacles not bifid 08Rd flic.kr/p/HyrxCG .
4) Small, narrow umbilical chink 02Rd flic.kr/p/HyryXW .
In marine and brackish salinities.
Similar species
Rissoella opalina (Jeffreys, 1848)
17Rd flic.kr/p/2pydqDK 18Rd flic.kr/p/2pydqpM & 19Rd flic.kr/p/2pybPS4
1) Shell, maximum height 2 mm, rounded but not as globular as R. globularis. Height a little more than (c. 1.4X) the width. Aperture height c. 50% of shell height. Yellowish brown when vacant.
2) Wide hypobranchial gland with U shaped end, visible through transparent body whorl, is yellowish or white with saturated colour in flounced margin. Scattered, variable, rounded and squared brown or black dots are also visible in body whorl on mantle and body.
3) Snout slightly bifid, but cephalic tentacles deeply and widely bifid.
4) Small umbilical chink, more obscure than on R. diaphana.
Rissoella globularis (Forbes & Hanley, 1852). See figs. 17-19 in Villari & Scuderi (2022) doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2022.13.3.717.728
1) Shell, maximum height 1 mm, globular. Height equal to or slightly less than width. Aperture height about 60% of shell height. White when vacant.
2) Brown viscera visible through transparent shell when alive.
3) Snout bifid, short cephalic tentacles not bifid.
4) Round umbilicus.
Most British records from W. Scotland. Minute size may cause it to be overlooked.
Habits and ecology
R. diaphana lives on fine red or green sea weeds below MTL on rocky shores, especially in large rock pools and sites, such as sea lochs and lagoons where there is shelter from strong wave action or currents that dislodge snails and their food from weed. Most records are from coasts reached by oceanic water.
R. diaphana relies on pallial respiration as it lacks a ctenidium. The kidney extends forwards into the mantle skirt where its rich vascular supply assists oxygenation of the haemolymph (blood). The respiratory current is created by strip of ciliated epithelium between the anus and mantle edge; it draws oxygenating water through the mantle cavity and expels faecal pellets and excreta.
The narrow furrowed foot with flexible anterolateral lobes 11Rd flic.kr/p/GMoRDQ is well adapted for gripping and movement among filaments of weed. The posterior pedal gland exudes mucus which is formed into a thread in a ciliated groove running to the posterior of the foot. The thread hardens on contact with sea water and is used to secure the animal and assist movement between different levels.
It feeds by grazing diatoms, algal fragments and detritus trapped by filamentous weeds. Breeding is in spring and summer. Like most heterobranchs it is a simultaneous hermaphrodite with mutual internal fertilization by short penes. Egg capsules are manufactured one at a time in the pallial oviduct. The capsules are hemispherical with a flat base that is attached to fine weed. Each capsule contains one or two ova floating in fluid. The brief veliger stage is passed within the capsule; crawlers hatching after two weeks. Subsequent growth is rapid when conditions are suitable. Several generations may coexist in summer, but in winter numbers decline and mainly juveniles are found, though occasional very large specimen, c. 2mm, found in early spring 01Rd flic.kr/p/HARucc suggests that some adults may survive winter.
Distribution and status
R. diaphana occurs from Norway to the Canary Islands and into the Mediterranean. It is absent from the Baltic and there are no records from the continental coast of the North Sea, GBIF map www.gbif.org/species/5191465. In Britain, it is found mainly in the west between the Isle of Wight and Orkney, but is absent from the north-east Irish Sea. There are few records from the North Sea coast of Britain, but it may be overlooked as it was found at five sites/dates in North Yorkshire in 1992 and 2014 during visits by experienced members of Conchological Society of G.B. & Ireland 20Rd flic.kr/p/HH5VLk . U.K. map NBN species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000177731
Species of Rissoellidae are difficult to distinguish globally because the small shells have few useful features and there is lack of consensus on which soft-part characters are diagnostic (Caballer et al 2011). But much has been done to clarify European species by Villari and Scuderi (2022).
Acknowledgements
For use of images I gratefully thank Marc and Florence Cochu and Alen Petani.
Links and references
Caballer, M., Ortea, J. & Narciso S. 2011. Description of two new species of Rissoella Gray, 1847 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from Venezuela, with a key to the Caribbean species known for the genus. zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=3048
Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1853. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 3 , London, van Voorst. (As Jeffreysia diaphana; archive.org/stream/historyofbritish03forb#page/150/mode/2up
Fretter, V. 1948. The structure and life history of some minute prosobranchs of rock pools: Skeneopsis planorbis (Fabricius), Omalogyra atomus (Philippi), Rissoella diaphana (Alder) and Rissoella opalina (Jefffreys). J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K. , 27 (3): 597-632. plymsea.ac.uk/1294/ or www.mba.ac.uk/nmbl/old_jmba/vol27/vol27no3.htm
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs. London, Ray Society.
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1978. The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 4 Marine Rissoacea. J. Moll. Stud. Suppl. 6.
Graham, A. 1988. Prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. London.
Jeffreys, J.G. 1867. British conchology. vol. 4. London, van Voorst. (As Jeffreysia diaphana) archive.org/stream/britishconcholog04jeffr#page/58/mode/2up
Villari, A. & Scuderi, D. 2022. Mainly Mediterranean Rissoellidae (Heterobranchia Acteonimorpha?) with the description of Rissoella camillae n. sp. Biodiversity Journal, 13 (3): 717–728. doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2022.13.3.717.728
Wigham, G.D. & Graham, A. 2022. Marine gastropods 4: Heterobranchia 1. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.63. (300 pages). Field Studies Council, Telford, England.
Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141147
Glossary
abapical = away from the apex of the shell.
adapical = towards the apex of the shell.
anterolateral = situated in front and to the side of.
aperture = mouth of gastropod shell; outlet for head and foot.
bifid = divided into two parts by a cleft.
Caenogastropoda = Littorinimorpha and Neogastropoda; mostly sea snails. Combined with the Patellogastropoda, they formed most of the now unaccepted Prosobranchia in the Twentieth Century.
cephalic = (adj.) of or on the head.
cilia = (pl.) vibrating linear extensions of membrane used in feeding or locomotion.
ciliated = (adj.) coated with cilia.
columella = solid or hollow axial “little column” around which gastropod shell spirals; hidden inside shell, except on final whorl next to lower part of inner lip of aperture where hollow ones may end in an umbilicus, umbilical chink or siphonal canal.
columellar = (adj.) of or near columella (central axis of spiral gastropod).
columellar lip =lower (abapical) part of inner lip of aperture.
diatom = microscopic aquatic alga with siliceous cell-walls.
ctenidium = comb-like molluscan gill.
distal = away from centre of body or point of attachment.
epithelium = tissue forming outer layer of body surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures.
haemolymph = circulating fluid in molluscs which carries nutrients, waste and hormones. Analogous to vertebrate blood, but most molluscs have copper-based haemocyanin, instead of red haemoglobin, to carry oxygen.
height = (of gastropod shells) distance from apex of spire to base of aperture.
hermaphrodite, simultaneous = individual acts as both male and female at the same time.
Heterobranchia = includes Nudibranchia, most sea slugs with internal shell and the Rissoellidae which were formerly included in the now unaccepted Prosobranchia.
hypobranchial gland = thickened, sometimes puckered, tissue on roof of mantle cavity of many gastropods. Secretes mucus to trap and consolidate particles from inhalant water. Often other biologically active compounds produced.
mantle = sheet of tissue which secretes the shell and forms a cavity for the genital and renal openings, anus etc.
MTL = mean tide level.
opercular = (adj.) of the operculum.
opercular disc = part of foot that growing operculum rests on.
opercular lobe = extension of opercular disc beyond edge of part of operculum.
operculum = plate of horny conchiolin used to close shell aperture.
osphradium = organ for testing water quality (chemical and/or for particles).
palatal lip = outer lip of gastropod aperture.
pallial = (adj.) of the mantle (a.k.a. pallium).
pallial respiration = oxygen absorbed from water by the mantle (a.k.a. pallium).
parietal lip = inner side of gastropod aperture adapically of columellar lip.
periostracum = thin horny layer of chitinous material often coating shells.
plankton = animals and plants which drift in pelagic zone (main body of water).
protoconch = apical whorls produced during embryonic and larval stages of gastropod; often different in form from other whorls (teleoconch).
subsutural = located immediately below a suture.
suture = groove or line where whorls of gastropod shell adjoin.
teleoconch = entire gastropod shell other than the apical, embryonic & larval stage protoconch.
umbilicus = cavity up axis of some gastropods, open as a hole or chink on base of shell.
umbilical chink = narrow slit-like umbilicus, often inconspicuous.
veliger = shelled larva of marine gastropod or bivalve mollusc which swims by beating cilia of a velum (bilobed flap). Stage may be passed in plankton or within liquid-filled egg-capsule.
description from Wikipedia.
Lom Stave Church is in Lom municipality in the Gudbrandsdal district of Norway. The church is a triple nave stave design using free standing inner columns to support a raised section in the ceiling of the main nave. This type of church is a very old design. The church dates to approximately second part of 12th century, but was rebuilt into a cruciform church during the 17th century. The chancel was decorated in 1608, and the nave was enlarged towards west in 1634. The cross section was added in 1663, but this was made in stave like frame work. A complete restoration also took place in 1933, and a smaller one in 1973. This stave church is actually one of just a very few stave churches of which the original medieval crest with a dragon head still survives.
In profile, anterior and posterior straight.
Key id. features BELOW
SPECIES DESCRIPTION part A 2Pu flic.kr/p/BG8mKq
SPECIES DESCRIPTION part B 3Pu flic.kr/p/BRHsiR
OTHER SPECIES ALBUMS
www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
Key identification features of typical British specimens.
Patella ulyssiponensis
1) Basal half of pallial tentacles has opaque pigment which can be white, off-white, cream or, on large specimens, yellowish or orange. The distal half fades to a translucent tip. Opaque basal half is often distinct from translucent mantle-skirt that they arise from, so it is possible to confuse with P. depressa. It is important to use pallial tentacles in combination with foot-colour/shell-length for identification. Examples at 26Pu flic.kr/p/BGqszN .
2) Foot is NOT pitch-brown/black or dark khaki. It can be whitish when young 30Pu flic.kr/p/BGqk4q becoming yellowish 31Pu flic.kr/p/BGrKw1 and, sometimes, orange with age 21Pu flic.kr/p/AUuNww . Juveniles under 12mm length may show a blackish internal shadow through the thin pale translucent foot 30Pu flic.kr/p/BGqk4q as they lack gonads above the foot that mask the dark viscera of adults.
Similar species
Patella vulgata
Extremely variable species; foot colours and nearly all shell-features have overlaps with P. depressa and P. ulyssiponensis.
1. Pigment-less pallial tentacles are slender, translucent and same colour as mantle-skirt they arise from. 40Pu flic.kr/p/BPJ1vQ .
Cautions:
Pallial tentacles of P. vulgata may look white when arise from colourless mantle-skirt in some lighting, but no pigment 41Pu flic.kr/p/AUxuXs .
Translucency and fineness of pallial tentacles of P. vulgata often make discernment difficult, especially when mantle skirt retracted from shell-rim and pallial tentacles viewed against shell 42Pu flic.kr/p/BGtg3y ; often virtually invisible when out of water as may be retracted as well as highly translucent 43Pu flic.kr/p/AUDqUz .
Foot colour of P. vulgata varies greatly, sometimes orange resembling P. ulyssiponensis 53PualbumPvhigh.
Shell interior can be white or tinted orange in P. vulgata 53PualbumPvhigh and 44Pu flic.kr/p/BPKJ6G .
Patella depressa
[1 & 2 in combination, not singly, are diagnostic of typical specimens but exclude intermediates.]
1. Pigmented pallial tentacles are opaque chalky-white for more than half of extended-length; may have translucent tip; distinctly whiter than buff mantle-skirt from which they arise 45Pu flic.kr/p/BJLMBx . Even when mantle-skirt retracted, pallial tentacles often clearly visible contrasting with the darker mantle 46Pu flic.kr/p/AUxm6u .
2. Sole of foot pitch-brown 47Pu flic.kr/p/AUDiJH to black 46Pu flic.kr/p/AUxm6u .
3. On shell-interior, whitish projecting points of ribs have short, unglazed, chalky, pure-white central line, but reduced or lacking where projecting points of ribs eroded 48Pu flic.kr/p/BS4e7v . [This feature recently recognised by S. Payne, and applies to all in large sample examined by IFS. Unsure yet if universal on P. depressa and exclusive of P. vulgata and P. ulyssiponensis.]
Caution:
Shell interior can be orange-cream in P. depressa 49Pu flic.kr/p/BixiVz
Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 1758.
Does not occur in Britain. In Iberia and Mediterranean, separation from it of some specimens of P. ulyssiponensis could not be achieved with foot colour and shell morphology by Sanna et al. (2011) who relied on the use of DNA sequencing. They did not mention attempting the use of pallial tentacle colour on live specimens; it may be worth investigation. See Sanna et al. for images of P. caerulea.
The Pinnacle of Bizarre Hungarian May Day Fair Festivities including poppunk/MIA/dubstep-y cover bands, men with lovely glasses, meat everywhere and baked cinnamon tubes galore.
Description: Chandra's image of SNR 0540-69.3 reveals two aspects of the enormous power released when a massive star explodes. An implosion crushed material into an extremely dense (10 miles in diameter) neutron star, triggering an explosion that sent a shock wave rumbling through space at speeds in excess of 5 million miles per hour. The central intense white blaze of high-energy particles about 3 light years across was created by a rapidly rotating neutron star, or pulsar. Surrounding the white blaze is a shell of hot gas 40 light years in diameter that marks the location of the supernova shock wave. The colors red, green and blue in the image correspond to low, medium and high-energy X-rays, respectively.
Creator/Photographer: Chandra X-ray Observatory
NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, which was launched and deployed by Space Shuttle Columbia on July 23, 1999, is the most sophisticated X-ray observatory built to date. The mirrors on Chandra are the largest, most precisely shaped and aligned, and smoothest mirrors ever constructed. Chandra is helping scientists better understand the hot, turbulent regions of space and answer fundamental questions about origin, evolution, and destiny of the Universe. The images Chandra makes are twenty-five times sharper than the best previous X-ray telescope. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls Chandra science and flight operations from the Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Medium: Chandra telescope x-ray
Date: 2004
Persistent URL: chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2004/snr0540/
Repository: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Gift line: NASA/CXC/SAO
Accession number: snr0540_xray
Description taken from my previous pic:
"
Lofoten, kvalvika beach.
After a hike in the very muddy way to this piece of heaven, I arrived to this beach under a cold drizzle, that was unexpectedly giving life to this landscape. I couldn't stop looking at those mountains, fainting in the light rain and the sunset light
"
Description: Shanghai: Female Prisoners
Location: Shanghai, China
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Our Catalogue Reference: Part of CO 1069/416.
This image is part of the Colonial Office photographic collection held at The National Archives. Feel free to share it within the spirit of the Commons.
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Tittel / Title: Typus Orbis descriptione Ptolemaei
Beskrivelse / Description: Trykket og håndkolorert verdenskart (tresnitt). Løst kartblad fra Fries ptolemaiosutgave.
Dato / Date: 1541
Sted / Place: Wien
Kartograf / Cartographer: Laurent Fries (Laurentius Frisius)
Digital kopi av original / Digital copy of original: no-nb_krt_00676
Eier / Owner Institution: Nasjonalbiblioteket / National Library of Norway
Lenke / Link: www.nb.no
Bildesignatur / Image Number: Kart 4873
Description: The name Guérande derives from the Breton language and means "White Land" - a reference to the salt trade upon which the town was founded.
Salt used to be a most precious commodity, used for preserving food. Roman soldiers were paid a regular wage in salt, which is where our word 'salary' comes from (the French for salt is 'sel'). The salt from around Guérande is still reckoned to be some of the finest - and purest - in the world.
The main reason why Brittany historically produced hardly any famous cheeses (apart from St-Paulin) is that with such a ready access to salt, the Bretons could keep their butter from going rancid. In other parts of France, they were forced to turn their butter into cheese - apparently not the favoured option!
Equipment: Sony Alpha 100 (11mm ultra-wide)
Date: January 2008