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Colouring History - WWII
D-Day, U.S. soldiers approach Omaha Beach, their weapons wrapped in plastic to keep them dry, June 1944.
Original B&W photo: inapcache.boston.com/universal/site_graphics/blogs/bigpic...
Apollon musagète et Thyase dionysiaque
Panneaux d'un coffret ou décor de meuble
Ivoire d'éléphant
Plaque scciée en plusieurs fragments
Alexandrie, VIème Siècle
H. 21,5 x L. 12 x H. 7,2 ; 6,9 ; 7 cm
Réutilisé comme plat de reliure au Moyen-Age
Ancien trésor de la cathédrale Saint-Etienne de Bourges.
Au revers, traces d'écriture (XVe siècle) et notation musicale.
Inv. E 2686/55 n° 303
Daf XF105 510 SK08APZ and DSS 3 D Steven & Son, Wick. Also Leyland Beaver ECD345C and Crane drawbar trailer.
Pentacon (Contax D) with Carl Zeiss Jena Tessar T 2.8/50,
Meyer-Optik Görlitz 2.8/100, Gossen Sixtomat
Instruction manuals for camera, exposure meter and lenses with preset diaphragm.
Content of an inconspicuous Revue leatherette camera bag from the Seventies (besides a very incongruous Beroflex 2.8/35). The camera obviously has a standard problem. While all gears (long shutter speeds, self-timer) are working fine, the shutter curtains are traveling erraticly, especially the first one often stops 5 mm before its final position. I found advice on the net: when the curtains are renewed, all trouble will go away. Would be a nice challenge, to find a cloth for the curtains, or the correct tension for the spools without shutter speed tester. And though that camera from the early fifties with its built-in prism was the roll model for SLRs for decades, it is still charming. The viewer screen is just a ground glass without Fresnel rings, so it has a hot spot in the center. Nevertheless, you can focus correctly and colors are brilliant, if there is enough light. Meanwhile I think, that viewer screen in some AF-SLRs are *too* bright, and therefore manual focusing is more difficult. The image in the viewer is surrounded by a "bright frame", the instruction manual explains, that the frame has a size of 20 x 30 mm, so that everything of your subject will be on your photo for sure.
Prices in a West German catalog of the early Fifties: Pentacon with Schacht Travenar 2.8/50: 592,- Deutsche Mark, Exakta Varex with 2.8/50: 600,- DM.
When I removed the front ring in the filter thread of the Tessar for proper cleaning I was surprised to find a second one. I knew that there are "masked" lenses from Carl Zeiss Jena, but not that it is that simple. If you have an old CZJ lens with two slots in the front ring, you certainly have one of those. The reason for that was a lawsuit between Zeiss east and Zeiss west. Zeiss west demanded the ownership of names like Tessar and Sonnar, and won. So for the export to western countries the according lenses of Zeiss east were called "T" and "S", or like here, have other fanciful names. That lawsuit is also the reason, why that Contax was renamed with Pentacon.
BTW, the serial numbers of the two rings are different (shocking!).
Tessar lens:
SN: 3857298
SN of Abbe Ring: 3805127
Filter thread 40.5 mm
Q1-quality
Black distance scale in meter only
Engraved "GERMANY"
The Meyer 2.8/100 is a classical triplet, designed by Stefan Roeschlein already in the 1930ies. It's a later version, without "V", and actually it can be very sharp when focused ;)
Penyal d'Ifac is a massive limestone outcrop emerging from the sea in the town of Calpe, rising to 332 metres at the peak.
Of course I only discovered this view of the rock on the last day we were in Calpe, and there was a large bank of clouds which stopped the colours of sunrise from lighting up the clouds. but sometimes it's nice to get a more understated image!
Le cavallette sole
sorridono in mezzo alla gramigna gialla;
i moscerini danzano nel sole
trema uno stelo sotto una farfalla.
omaggio a Giovanni Pascoli
Maine Coon Cats are good communicators.
The tell a lot and interact with signs.
Using face ears and eyes.
And the tail!
LESSON ONE :
THIS MEANS Yes or any confirmation!
Côte d’Ivoire, 2020: UNICEF staff and schoolchildren take part in Green School activities in Gonzagueville, a suburban of Abidjan. As part of the activities, children received environmental advice, planted and watered trees and seeds and learned how to wash their hands properly. Green School initiatives in the country have been implemented by UNICEF along with young champions, to ensure healthy environs for all. On this World Environment Day, UNICEF promotes the right, for every child, to a clean environment.
© UNICEF/UNI331776/Diarassouba
To learn more: UNICEF Overview of Environment and Climate Change
say cheese
*cheesee*
i reaalllyy adore this pic(=
ohkay so i was tagged by a buuncha people so lemme write....
1. i LOVE traveling. i basicly went everyywhere. my dream is to be on the amazing race
2. i LOVE justin bieber<3333
3. i am VERY witty as a person. cant blamee me tho.
4. i speak german and i constantly say "ich habe drei-undzwanzig katzen im meine Hose" go look up what it means(;
5. ive always wanted a pet duck.
6. perry the platapus is my lifee!(x
7. team ninja in pirates vs ninjas
8. im runningg ouut of ideas of what to say.
9. my teachers say i talk ALOT.
10. DONT EVER call me "meg". call me megan, megaarooonie, meggie, i would even answer to beatrice, but NEVER to meg (preferly megan, por favoor).
...
i tag... EVERYONE:D
Boeing 767 - MSN 25170 - D-ABUM
Airline Condor
Registration : D-ABUM
Country : Germany
Date : 1955 -
Codes DE CFG
Callsign : Condor
History: Rebranded Thomas Cook in March 2003 and May 2004 decided to use the old name again Web site : www.condor.com
Serial number 25170 LN:542
Type 767-31BER
First flight date 17/05/1994
Engines 2 x GE CF6-80C2B6F
27/05/1994 China Southern Airlines B-2566
11/12/1998 Eurofly EI-CRF
20/09/2003 Alitalia EI-CRF Named Umberto Nobile
30/07/2012 Condor D-ABUM Named Achim
District line D78 Farewell Tour train enters Mansion House station - the train is moving a slightly blurred. Next to it is the empty trackbed from the now disused former platform track. Still image from HD video.
Today's MIT Tech Review opening seems like a good prompt to tell the story of the D-Wave Orion that adorns our office:
"Inside a blocky building in a Vancouver suburb is a place chilled colder than anywhere in the natural universe. Inside that is a computer processor that Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and the CIA's investment arm, In-Q-Tel, believe can tap the quirks of quantum mechanics to unleash more computing power than any conventional computer chip.
If the bet works out, some of the world's thorniest computing problems, such as the hunt for new drugs or efforts to build artificial intelligence, would become dramatically less challenging.
D-Wave's supercooled processor is designed to handle what software engineers call "optimization" problems, the core of conundrums such as figuring out the most efficient delivery route, or how the atoms in a protein will move around when it meets a drug compound. "Virtually everything has to do with optimization, and it's the bedrock of machine learning, which underlies virtually all the wealth creation on the Internet," says Geordie Rose, D-Wave's founder and chief technology officer."
So with that preamble, let me share the story of this artifact (and detailed photos below), with huge thanks to Murray, our historical scribe and Research Engineer at D-Wave:
"The ORION-IO project was a lot of fun and all the more remarkable in the context of the quantum computing processor, fabrication, and software development that were taking place with it. In 2007 it became somewhat emblematic of the complexity and teamwork that were characteristic of the whole quantum computing system.
The technical specifications and contextual history are more rich than can be captured in a short summary, but I’ve tried to provide some design notes that tell elements of the story.
ORION-IO Design Notes:
[Component Elements]
i.Wiring from room temperature to 20mK
ii.The Lumped-Element-Filter (LEF) bank in a plate stack.
iii.The Copper-Powder-Filter (CPF) bank in a honeycomb bar
iv.The Chip Packaging and Pedestal Mount
[Time]
The ORION-IO project kicked-off with defining requirements in May 2006. The first 16 qubit chip was installed and cooled in an ORION-IO assembly on Nov 21st, 6.5 months later. Before the end of 2006 Mike Simmonds, then VP of Quantum Design (a cryogenics equipment manufacturer), visited and reviewed the design. He proposed a 1-year project to do an iteration on the system, not knowing that we had built the original in almost half that time.
[Temperature]
The entire ORION-IO system operates at ~20mK (0.020K) with the quantum processor (save for the top section of wiring.) That's more than 100X colder than interstellar space -- 2.725K for the cosmic microwave background radiation. There are no known processes in the Universe that can achieve temperatures that cold. So unless there is other intelligent life somewhere in space, this assembly was the coldest place in the Universe during it's working life.
[Space]
The ORION-IO was tightly space constrained. The assembly had a 2mm vacuum gap around the LEF plates and a 5mm vacuum gap off of its end.
[Resistance]
The quantum processors that mounted in the ORION-IO system had all superconducting circuitry. To support quantum computation at 20mK all of the wiring in the ORION-IO assembly had to be superconducting as well. This included printed circuit boards, wire bond pads, solder contacts, connectors, wires, and filters.
[Filtering]
The filters in the ORION-IO are low-pass filters with a 3MHz cut-off frequency. The noise above the signal bandwidth is severely attenuated for a cryogenic environment. The strongest attenuation begins at 6GHz when the noise power is attenuated 1 Billion Billion times (10^-18). There are no resistive losses on the signal path.
[Chip Packaging]
The aluminum plates around the chip serve as a superconducting shield that freeze the remnant magnetic field in place around the processor. However superconducting aluminum is an extremely poor thermal conductor. To reduce the cool-down time from days to hours, the printed circuit board (PCB) is bolted to a copper under-plate with 12 gold-plated copper screws. The PCB itself has gold and tin plating on the surface metal layer as well as superconducting traces on its inner wire layer. At each edge are non-magnetic, superconducting contact pins that must mate with any ORION-IO filtering assembly. One additional concern is that each assembly must manage multiple 300K temperature cycles. This combination of constraints made the chip packaging the most challenging section to design.
[Vacuum Annealing]
Most of the mechanical parts are made out of high-purity Oxygen-free copper. The heaviest copper parts were vacuum annealed to remove Hydrogen that gets captured in the metal during Oxygen removal (Hydrogen goes through a state transition at low-Temperatures that slows cool-down). The annealing creates large domain crystals in the metal that you can see on the surface under the gold plating.
[Dry Mechanical Joints]
There are 12 plate-to-plate joints in the ORION-IO assembly between the fridge and the chip packaging. The gold plating prevents oxidation on the surface of the copper that would reduce thermal conductivity at these interfaces. All of these mechanical joints are dry contacts between mirror-polished plates. These joints were the first of their kind and went against standard practice amongst low-temperature designers. Ultimately the final performance proved the design.
[State of the Art]
Cooling chips to 20mK is one thing. Cooling the electrons in the superconducting circuitry is another thing altogether. To characterize the D-Wave quantum processors the electron temperature had to be measured in the circuitry. Temperatures as low as 17mK were observed. By comparison, a research team at MIT was reporting electron temperatures of 80-90mK in their superconducting quantum circuits (results quoted are circa 2007).
[Mask Generations Tested]
The ORION-IO was one of the longer lasting IO designs at D-Wave. It was used in tests of all of the following mask generations over 5 years:
•Vesuvius
•Shasta
•Rainier
•Quaoar
•Pushkin
•Oberon
•Nacimiento
•Metis
•Leda
•Kalyke
•Iapetus
•Hyperion
•Ganymede
•Phobos II
•Phobos
•Europa II
[Notable Results]
During the course of quantum processor development on ORION-IO systems, some of the more notable results obtained include the following:
• 16-qubit QC demo in Mountain View, CA and Vancouver; Feb 2007
• 28-qubit Demo at HPC conference; Nov 2007
• Geometrical dependence of the low-frequency noise in superconducting flux qubits; Phys Rev B.; T. Lanting et al.
• 52-qubit Google Demo, Nov 2009
• A lot of photography that became marketing material, and some of the artwork lining the D-Wave hallways [and DFJ conference rooms]
[Art and Design Concept]
The design of the ORION-IO was largely determined by the tight space constraints -- 110 filtered lines plus a quantum chip in roughly the space of a bread pan. The filtering attenuation was very large at frequencies where electromagnetic noise can pass through tiny apertures; so the output of the filters had to be carefully isolated from their input. This is where the dry, mirror-polished joints in the body served double-duty for high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical isolation.
The cylindrical concept was to keep the noisy space outside the cylinder, and the clean signals at the center. With each plate in the stack enclosing a narrow channel for all of the filters in the plate beneath.
There was little freedom for artistic choices although the one notable exception was the colour of the printed circuit boards, each chosen to complement the colour of the metal surfaces around it.
[No Room For Error]
The design for ORION was based on scaling the 23-line ARIES-IO system. The perceived risk of failed lines was substantial, so multiple redundancies were designed into the stages of the system to allow for possible failures (the system was designed as a single module, once constructed). The maximum line yield for an ORION-IO system was 128 lines. The first ORION-IO came online with 126/128 line yield. After final assembly the system passed all operational tests on its first cool down. Over their lifetime the highest yield of the four systems built was 128, the lowest was 122.
D-ABUB - Boeing B-767-330ER/W - Condor
at Toronto Lester B. Pearson Airport (YYZ)
with some Janosch cartoon characters
c/n 26.987 - built in 1992 for Condor
Quiero que lo escuches hoy
lo que hay en mi corazon
quiero que sepas si no respiro
si no estas al lado mi amor
cuando menos lo esperabas
encontre mi gran amor
te encontre a vos corazon
y yo no me separare de vos
te conoci, te conoci
me enamore gracias
a dios yo te encoontre
y de ti yo no me separare
te conoci, te conoci
me enamore me enamore♪