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Taken from the eastern walkway, just abreast of the southern tower. And looking straight down.
For more on Golden Gate geology, see Part 8 of this set.
Please say a respectful hello to what is currently the largest ocean on Earth. Or at least a tiny portion of that ocean.
Because the construction of most bridges involves spanning straits or bays or lakes or streams, civil engineers who design them have to be especially crafty. They've had to learn how to sink their structures' foundations in sediments or bedrock (as is the case here) lying in a hostile environment, under many thousands of tons of water.
While it might not be obvious at first glance, this photo shows one part of the foundation of the southern Golden Gate Bridge tower. It's all that is visible now of what in 1935 was essentially a very large caisson—a dry cavity in the middle of the strait that contained a basal concrete support section, struts, girders, vertical transportation tubes, and, of course, workers.
Before that space could be drained, however, an outer fender wall, in the shape of a two-pointed oval as seen from above, was constructed. It was made of concrete poured through underwater tubes into wooden molds by teams of divers starting on the sea bottom and eventually working their way up to the surface.
In other words, the fender wall served as a cofferdam. Only when it was completed could the interior be pumped dry and the tower's massive foundation structure built. According to the Golden Gate Bridge Highway and Transportation District, this pumping involved the removal of 9.4 million gallons (35.6 million liters) of seawater that very much wanted to remain there.
Once the tower was finished, however, the caisson was re-flooded. Now, as designed, only the top of the fender wall and the tower base rise above the waves.
As its name suggests, the fender still serves a vital function, as the barrier that protects the tower from errant ships that might otherwise crash into it.
In this shot, one of the points of the oval fender, the one that faces bayward, is discernible at the top of the frame. To me, at least, it truly is a mind-bending thing. It owes its existence to its main ingredient, hydraulic cement, which has the magical quality of setting underwater—an essential attribute in bridge construction.
In essence, hydraulic cement is reconstituted limestone that can be poured as a liquid and set into solid shape wherever it's needed. It's composed of one of a number of other geologically derived substances blended with lime, which is calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide produced by burning the calcium carbonate contained in natural limestone. To make this fender wall, the hydraulic cement was mixed with water and an aggregate (sand or gravel) to form the concrete.
The use of hydraulic cements goes back in history at least as far as the ancient Romans, though those amazing builders had a much different formula that relied on volcanic ash known as pozzolana. This mixture is the basis for a lumpy, chunky sort of concrete they called opus caementicium. It may not look like anything we recognize as concrete, but it has proven to be very enduring, and much more so than modern formulations.
Nowadays, however, the main hydraulic cement type is the Portland variety. It contains clays and gypsum in varying amounts rather than pozzolana. While some natural hydraulic cements were produced in such places as Milwaukee, Wisconsin, they were supplanted by Portland cement early in the twentieth century. So I gather that the latter was used quite exclusively in the Golden Gate project.
The other photos and descriptions of this series can be found in my Love of Bridges album.
The Chettiar Temple's origins date back to the 1850s, but the current structure dates mostly from the 1990s when the complex was rebuilt and enhanced. A colourful gopuram tower adorned with traditional style sculptures marks the main entrance.
The temple is an important centre of local Hindu worship as it marks the end point of the annual Thaipusam procession (which starts at the Perumal Temple we visited earlier in Serangoon Road).
www.travelfish.org/sight_profile/singapore/central_region...
Seen at the East Anglian Railway Museum's 2020 Steam Gala, Chappel and Wakes Colne.
This is the sole survivor of the N7 class, and is currently a static exhibit pending restoration and overhaul.
Nothing beats a fresh install/machine. Not clutter on the desktop and crap laying about. Whats on yours?
No a habido mucho tiempo para tomar fotos y queria subir algo.
La animación fue hecha con el proposito de representar la influencia del viento sobre la circulación de las aguas superficiales de la Bahía de Todos Santos.
Los datos del viento (m/seg), fueron obtenidos una estación meteorológica representada en el mapa con un triangulo, mientras que los datos de las corrientes superficiales (cm/seg) son obtenidos apartir de dos radares, su posicion esta representada en forma de cuadrados.
La dirección del viento se muestra en la esquina superior izquierda, cambiando de direccion y tamaño segun su magnitud y sentido.
A su vez, las corrientes superficiales cambiaran de dirección, tamaño y color segun su magnitud y sentido.
Para la modelación se utilizo MatLab.
This clip represents the influence of wind on surface currents in the Todos Santos Bay
i dont really like how risers look but my wrist are sore from skating so no more bullhorns for now, looks way meaner with the syntace, and yes its not drive side, dwi
Nice Ford Focus from the Netherlands. This was first registered in February 2012, and is currently still owned by a leasing company.
A1(M), West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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The XO-3, Cerise, as she stands on Aug. 24, 2011.
New interface:
White Avocet Racing II saddle
GB Randonneur Bars
Gray Newbaum tape
Sakae CTP-400 pedals
Cinelli stem 100mm
These are the books I'm currently working my way through. Sadly, Wozniak's book reads like it was written by a nine-year-old - a real disappointment.
Title/View: Warsaw University Library: exterior view of main entrance from the south
Title: Warsaw University Library
Other title: Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie; BUW
Creator: Budzynski, Marek; Badowski, Zbigniew
Creator role: Architect
Creator 2: Bajerska, Irena
Creator 2 role: Landscape architect
Date: 1994-2002
Current location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
Description of work: Located between the Vistula River and the Warsaw Escarpment on a culturally and ecologically significant site, the library's design is based on a "city in the woods" concept and was the winning entry of the 1993 design competition for the building. The library is built within the existing topography of the landscape (two levels below grade and two levels above grade) and is constructed of reinforced concrete, steel, glass, and pre-patinated copper. The building's 5,000 square meter green roof is watered by a stormwater irrigation system and contains four thematic gardens, each of which is surrounded by massive skylights and connected by steel bridges. The roof gardens provide expansive views of the city and are integrated into the adjacent University Public Garden by grand staircases and linear water channels. "The library's interior is divided both functionally and physically by a glass enclosed street arcade, which serves to separate and connect the library stacks andleased commercial space.The copper facade along Dobra Street displays eight [4x7 meter] copper tablets containing six different alphabets, mathematical and chemical equations and musical and literary concepts." (Sources: Linke, Lybra, "University Gardens, Warsaw" Topos. Jan. 2005, vol. 51, pp 98-102; Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie. www.buw.uw.edu.pl/en/index.php?option=com_content&tas... Accessed 6/1/16.
Description of view: Looking between the metal structure and ivy-covered building to the main entrance beyond. Bicycles are parked in front of this south entrance to the library.
Work type: Architecture and Landscape
Style of work: Contemporary: Postmodern
Culture: Polish
Materials/Techniques: Metal
Glass
Plants
Source: Pisciotta, Henry (copyright Henry Pisciotta)
Date photographed: May 2011
Resource type: Image
File format: JPEG
Image size: 3648H X 2736W pixels
Permitted uses: This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. Other uses are not permitted.
Collection: Worldwide Building and Landscape Pictures
Filename: WB2014-0294 Library.jpg
Record ID: WB2014-0294
Sub collection: libraries
campuses
Copyright holder: Copyright Henry Pisciotta
Original Department of Immigration and Citizenship PDF
www.immi.gov.au/media/statistics/country-profiles/_pdf/co...
See notes for more details.
Here is a quick look at my current workspace to anyone that cares ,you just got love tri monitors :P
Progress on a pair of colorwork socks. Blogged at: craftyminimeg.blogspot.com/2013/02/current-knitting-proje...
Lower deck interior shot of ECW bodied Bristol Lodekka BAS562 at its current location in Bowermadden, Caithness, on 2/7/2022.
current pedal board.
signal chain:
ernie ball volume jr (with boss tu-2 tuner)
vox clyde wah wah
mxr dyna comp
ibanez ts 808
paul c's timmy
zvex box of rock
eh micro pog
boss noise supressor (under the riser, not shown.)
bbe sonic stomp
malekko 616 analog delay
tc electronics nova delay (run stereo)
boss rv-5 (run stereo)