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ORATORIO: Detail
The following was written by the artist after the completion of THE PROCRUSTES TRILOGY:
ORATORIO portrays an event that occurred during the Second Holocaust, a performance of the Verdi Requiem at the Terezín concentration camp in 1944, with full orchestra and chorus of Jewish prisoners, for an audience of Nazis. The Procrustean overtones here are so obvious as to be grotesque and hideous in their irony. That this event precedes the Third Holocaust by barely a year increases its tragi-comedic theatricality. The laughter of Procrustes is his most terrifying edge and here, in ORATORIO, it is in full display. The Second Holocaust completes the cycle of biblical time initiated by J in the book of Genesis making possible the fulfillment of prophecies. The significance of ORATORIO is not the tragedy of the Jews but rather the paradox of theism: one man’s God is another man’s Satan.The portrayal of Jews in performance of a doctrinal Catholic requiem in a Nazi concentration camp is irony of such magnitude as to make Procrustes himself blush. The similarities of facial contortions involved with singing, screaming, and lamentation are so obvious as to be banal. The permission and encouragement of the Nazi propagandists for such a grandiose undertaking in the face of appalling circumstances is sadism of procrustean virtue.
The following is excerpted from Robert Cremean's THE TENTH ARCH, the sequel to VATICAN CORRIDOR, A Non-Specific Autobiography:
ORATORIO was begun early in the summer of 1995. Sub-titled Variation On A Theme By Josef Bor, ORATORIO is an ambient composition of seven sculptures and a leaning wall eight feet high by thirty-two feet long. The chorus of images intends to cast into metaphor the significance of art in the face of death, the supreme confrontation of the real and the actual.
Eichmann was there and so was Moese. The event was the VERDI REQUIEM presented with full orchestra and chorus. . .
"The summer of the year 1944 was a time of storm.The shattered and demoralized German armies were retreating on all fronts, the German cities were transformed into heaps of bizzare ruins, and Hitler, inflamed into open madness by the attempt on his life, scattered death in the ranks of the Wehrmact. The Nazi empire was collapsing to its very foundations. None of this interfered with Eichmann’s plans. The tactics of his “final solution of the Jewish problem” in the field of Central Europe remained unchanged. Construction was completed on the strictly secret and perfectly disguised Birkenau work camp at Neu Berun,which had a capacity of ten thousand human bodies per twenty-four hours. And the chief device by which the disguise was maintained, a great assembly camp, the ghetto of Terezín, heretofore a place of suffering, hunger, and death, was in the short space of a few weeks rebuilt and decked out into a gigantic, astonishing film set, commissioned for the penultimate act of the tragedy of Terezín. In accordance with Eichmann’s scenario, living people had to help create this film set. And they believed in it; they began to hope and to live."
The Terezín Requiem
by Josef Bor
The performance was cut to an hour’s length to accommodate the official entourage, and the entire group of musicians was shipped off to Auschwitz a few days later. Procrustes is omnipresent; no myth he. He lives in simplistic answers and expedient solutions.... Artists are his favorite guests.
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THE PROCRUSTES TRILOGY:
Procrustes In Situ
Oratorio, Variation On A Theme By Joseph Bor
Martyrs Of The Cities Of The Plain
Collection:
Fresno Art Museum
Fresno, California
The Maryland National Guard Freestate Challenge Academy held their course completion ceremony for the 22 week residency phase for 104 cadets of class #47 at Havre de Grace High School, Havre de Grace, Md., Dec. 10, 2016. .
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Retired Air Force Gen. Larry O. Spencer, who served as the VIce Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force, spoke to the cadets as the keynote speaker..
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The Academy is a two-phased 17-month intervention program for underemployed, drug-free, “at-risk” high school dropouts from the state of Maryland between 16-18 years of age. Following graduation from the resident phase, the cadets are mentored for an additional 12 months, during which time they are placed into jobs, continue their higher education, or vocational trades training or enter the military..
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The mission of the Academy is to intervene in and reclaim the lives of at-risk youth and to produce graduates with the values, skills, education and self-discipline needed to succeed as adults..
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The students were brought into a structured and highly disciplined quasi-military academic setting that builds confidence and self-esteem to become productive and contributing members of our society. Cadets attend academic classes to prepare them for the test for the General Education Development (GED) credential and Maryland High School Diploma.
No visit to York would be complete without a walk around the City Walls. At 3.4 kilometres long, the beautifully preserved walls are the longest medieval town walls in England. About 2.5 million people walk along all or part of the City walls each year, enjoying some amazing views. The completion of the entire circuit will take approximately 2 hours. There are five main bars or gateways, one Victorian gateway, one postern (a small gateway) and 45 towers.
York City Walls
The city or ‘bar’ walls of York are the most complete example of medieval city walls still standing in England today. Beneath the medieval stonework lie the remains of earlier walls dating as far back as the Roman period.
The Roman walls survived into the 9th century when, in AD 866, York was invaded by the Danish Vikings. The Vikings buried the existing Roman wall under an earth bank and topped with a palisade – a tall fence of pointed wooden stakes.
The wooden palisade was replaced in the 13th and 14th centuries with the stone wall we see today.
The medieval city walls originally included 4 main gates or ‘bars’ (Bootham Bar, Monk Bar, Walmgate Bar and Micklegate Bar), 6 postern or secondary gates and 44 intermediate towers. The defensive perimeter stretched over 2 miles encompassing the medieval city and castle.
By the late 18th century, however, the walls were no longer required as defences for the city and had fallen into disrepair. In 1800, the Corporation of York applied for an Act of Parliament to demolish them. In addition to the poor condition of the walls at the time, the narrow gateways of the bars were inconvenient and the walls themselves hindered the city’s expansion.
Many other cities, including London, were removing their outdated, medieval city walls at this time. In York, however, the city officials met with fierce and influential opposition and by the mid-nineteenth century the Corporation had been forced to back down.
Unfortunately, the call for preservation came too late for some parts of the walls – the barbicans at all but one of the gateways (Walmgate Bar) had been torn down along with 3 postern gates, 5 towers and 300 yards of the wall itself.
Since the mid-nineteenth century the walls have been restored and maintained for public access, including the planting of spring flowers on the old Viking embankment. Today the walls are a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade 1 listed building.
Bootham Bar
There has been a gateway here for nearly 2000 years - Bootham Bar is on the site of one of the four main entrances to the Roman fortress.
The existing structure is not Roman but it has been around for quite a while. The archway itself dates from the 11th century and the rest of the structure is largely from the 14th century. In 1501 a door knocker was installed as Scots were required to knock first and seek permission from the Lord Mayor to enter the city.
The bar was damaged during the siege of York in 1644. Like Micklegate Bar, it was sometimes used to display the heads of traitors, the heads of three rebels opposing Charles II’s restoration were placed here in 1663.
Bootham Bar was the last of the gates to lose its barbican, demolished in 1835.
Fishergate Bar
1315AD - 1487AD
Fishergate Bar is one of six gateways in the city walls. It faces South towards Selby. Nearby used to be the large flooded area known as the King’s Fishpond.
‘Barram Fishergate’ is the first documented reference to the bar, in 1315. A central stone above the archway reveals the date of the current bar. It contains the York coat of arms and an inscription which reads:
‘A.doi m.cccc.lxxx.vii Sr Willm Tod knight mayre this wal was mayd in his days lx yadys’
This tells us that sixty yards of the wall, including the bar, was built in 1487 under Sir William Tod, mayor of York.
But just two years later, in 1489, Fishergate Bar suffered considerable damage in the Yorkshire peasants’ revolt against Henry VII. The rebels burned the gates of the bar after murdering the Earl of Northumberland. The gateway was bricked up soon after and wasn’t re-opened until 1834, to give better access for the cattle market.
Micklegate Bar
Micklegate Bar was the most important of York’s four main medieval gateways and the focus for grand events. The name comes from 'Micklelith', meaning great street.
It was the main entrance to the city for anyone arriving from the South. At least half a dozen reigning monarchs have passed through this gate and by tradition they stop here to ask the Lord Mayor's permission to enter the city.
The lower section of the bar dates from the 12th century, the top two storeys from the 14th. The building was inhabited from 1196. Like the other main gates, Micklegate Bar originally had a barbican built on the front, in this case demolished in 1826.
For centuries the severed heads of rebels and traitors were displayed above the gate, the many victims include Sir Henry Purcey (Hotspur) in 1403 and Richard, Duke of York in 1460. The last of the severed heads was removed in 1754.
Monk Bar
Monk Bar is the largest and most ornate of the bars, it dates from the early 14th century. It was a self-contained fortress, with each floor capable of being defended. On the front of the bar is an arch supporting a gallery, including 'murder-holes' through which missiles and boiling water could be rained down upon attackers.
Monk Bar has the city’s only working portcullis, in use until 1970. Like the other main gateways, Monk Bar originally had a barbican on the front. This was demolished in 1825.
The rooms above the gateway have had various uses over the years, including as a home and as a jail for rebellious Catholics in the 16th century.
The Red Tower
1490AD - 1491AD
The Red Tower, built in 1490, forms the only brick section of York’s famous city walls. Because it was built of brick its construction did not sit well with the local stone masons. So much so that it was the cause of dispute, and even murder.
The masons who worked on the majority of York’s walls and buildings were unhappy about the employment of tilers to build the Red Tower; their unhappiness led to them attempting to sabotage the building of the tower. The tilers had to ask for protection from the city council to stop the masons from threatening them and breaking their tools.
This protection made little difference, however. In 1491, the tiler John Patrik was murdered. Two leading masons, William Hindley and Christopher Homer, were charged with the murder but quickly acquitted.
The first recorded use of the name “The Red Tower” was in 1511, presumably in reference to its red brick colour rather than its bloody past.
Despite forming an important and unique part of the city walls, the Red Tower fell quickly into disrepair. It had to be repaired multiple times, notably in 1541 and 1545, and was in ruins by 1736. It was roughly restored in 1800 and became known as ‘Brimstone House’ – probably a reference to its former use as a manufactory for gunpowder. It has two storeys, and a garderobe. The way that the tower appears now is thanks to G F Jones’ restorations in 1857-8.
Walmgate Bar
Walmgate Bar is the most complete of the four main medieval gateways to the city, it is the only bar to retain its barbican, portcullis and inner doors.
Its oldest part is a 12th century stone archway, the walled barbican at the front dates from the 14th century, the wooden gates from the 15th century and the timber-framed building on the inside from the 16th century.
It was burned by rebels in 1489 and battered by cannon during the siege of 1644.
Baile Hill
William the Conqueror ordered two castles to be built in York, one on either side of the River Ouse.
They formed a defensive system in response to the recent violent unrest.
'York Castle' was later reinforced and eventually rebuilt in stone and so now appears much more substantial. But originally both castles were of a similar size and layout.
Baile Hill is the name given to all that remains of York's other castle. It was the man-made mound, or motte, of the castle.
Excavations in 1979 revealed remains of timber buildings and a strong fence at the summit of the mound, together with a staircase up one side. The surrounding bailey was defended by a bank of earth built on top of the original Roman city wall.
Barker Tower
This river-side tower was built in the 14th century. It was positioned at the boundary of the medieval city-centre and, in conjunction with Lendal Tower on the opposite bank, was used to control river traffic entering the city. A great iron chain was stretched across the river between the two towers and boatmen had to pay a toll to cross it. The chain also served as a defence for the city. As early as 1380 Thomas Smyth was named as the tower’s ‘keeper of the chain’.
For boats coming downstream it would be the second toll in quick succession; St Mary's Abbey had its own tower and toll collection system a little further up the river.
Barker tower was leased for long periods to various ferrymen (and at least one woman) who ran passengers across the Ouse until Lendal Bridge was built in 1863. The ferry ran 'in summer and winter, fair weather and foul, Sundays and weekdays'.
The ferry was put out of business when Lendal Bridge opened in 1863. The tower has had plenty of other uses over the years, including as a mortuary for a brief time in the 19th century.
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.
The Derby RTC sidings always had a large variety of vehicles either awaiting test or awaiting departure following completion for testing. The sidings also provided stabling for locomotives awaiting investigations and those arriving for test train haulage duties. Class 20 locomotive 20029 spent a few days at the RTC in Derby including a visit inside the EDU (Engineering Development Unit) workshop. It is seen here stabled on the No 1 road at the south end of the RTC sidings on the 6th July 1987. The locomotive was built in 1959 as D8029 fitted with tablet catcher recess below each cabside window for operation on single line routes. With the development in signalling systems, the tablet catcher equipment was removed and bodyside recesses plated over. The locomotive was renumbered as 20029 in 1973 and remained in service until 1991, being scrapped during 1993 at MC Metals.
© Dave Bower
RAIL VEHICLE TESTING - www.bowerbooks.co.uk
A Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiative with Ricoh Innovations Pvt. Ltd in Bangalore by www.trinitycarefoundation.com/csr for a Government High School.
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37 students cross the stage in the Celebration of Completion as they receive their degrees' from Baldwin Wallace University in the John Patrick Theatre at the Kleist Center for Art & Drama.
SLAC scientists and engineers celebrated the completion of a new clean room, where the lab will assemble and test the camera of the future Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Read more: www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2015-05-12-construction-lsst-...
(Andy Freeberg/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)
Booker T Washington Camp Hope Completion Ceremony with Comm. Jeffrey Watson at Former Tuyo Restaurant, Wolfson campus on July 16, 2021
Desert View Watchtower Level 3 murals after completion of conservation work, October5, 2017
Grand Canyon National Park is working with area tribes and art experts to restore the Fred Kabotie murals and The rock art images, painted by Fred Geary, which have been damaged by water. The first phase of the project is being funded through a grant from American Express obtained by Grand Canyon Association.This grant will help with the evaluation, documentation and testing process that is a critical component of all historic preservation projects. The park intends to preserve the murals while remaining true to Mary Colter’s design. Over the next year, a conservation specialist will analyze and restore the murals with the help of students participating in an intern training program.
On January 1, 2015, the Watchtower was purchased from the concessionaire managing it and designated a National Park Service building. NPS plans to return the Watchtower to its intended purpose, as a tribute to the Native American tribes who have cultural ties to Grand Canyon. The park is moving forward with plans to restore the tower to reflect Mary Colter’s original vision for the building.Visitors first enter through the large, open Kiva Room. Until recently, this room was filled to capacity with a large gift shop. The gift shop has since been removed from the rotunda and reduced to a much smaller footprint. The new Grand Canyon Association Park Store fits into the original space Colter envisioned for a gift shop: a corner off to the side of the rotunda. All the proceeds support the park.
Originally the Watchtower was designed as a space where visitors could see Native American craft demonstrations by weavers and basket makers. The park will bring Native American artists back into the space to share tribal traditions, dances, songs, skills, art and oral histories with the public. The park is also considering turning the old Desert View visitor center into a Native American cultural center.The transformation of the Watchtower back to its original intent is already proving to be a dramatic experience for visitors and park staff. NPS Photo/M.Quinn
We held a ceremony to recognize the first cohort to complete our Nuclear Regulator Apprenticeship Network program. They are working as inspectors, technical reviewers, risk analysts, and program and project managers. To complete the program and land a permanent position, they successfully completed a significant number of technical training courses, seminars and assignments, finish a group project and complete several hands-on apprenticeships – including some at NRC-licensed nuclear facilities.
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
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For additional information, or to comment on this photo contact: OPA Resource.
Title: City Council members, town planners, real estate agents, and builders toured St. Thomas in March 1969 looking at projects which had been completed or were in stages of completion. The tour was to make planners aware of difficulties and to seek ideas for more economical densities of development and zoning. The planning board and builders would meet later to discuss their findings.
Creator(s): St. Thomas Times-Journal
Bygone Days Publication Date: March 8, 2012
Original Publication Date: March 1, 1969
Reference No.: C9 Sh3 B1 F8 10
Credit: Elgin County Archives, St. Thomas Times-Journal fonds
(further pictures and information are available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
History of the Vienna Hofburg
First residence
With the elevation of Austria to Archduchy in 1156, Vienna became a city of residence. From the residence of the Babenberg dynasty, who was located on the present site "Am Hof", unfortunately, there do not exist any remains anymore. After the extinction of the Babenberg, Ottokar II of Bohemia (1230-1278) took over by marriage the rule in Vienna and began in 1275 with the construction of a castle within the city walls of Vienna. This castle was equipped with four towers around a rectangular court that is known as Schweizerhof today. In the battle for the German crown Ottokar was defeated at the Battle of Dürnkrut by Rudolf I of Habsburg (1218-1291) and killed during the retreat.
As the old residence of the Babenberg in 1276 burned down, Rudolf probably 1279 moved into the former castle of Ottokar. The descendants of Rudolf extended the castle only slightly: castle chapel (documentary mention in 1296), St. Augustine's Church (consecrated in 1349), reconstruction of the chapel (1423-1426). Due to the division of the lands of the Habsburg Vienna lost its importance and also lacked the financial resources to expand the castle.
Imperial residence
Under Frederick III. (1415-1493) the Habsburgs obtained the imperial title and Vienna became an imperial residence. But Friedrich and his successors used the Vienna Residence only rarely and so it happened that the imperial residence temporarily orphaned. Only under Ferdinand I (1503-1564) Vienna again became the capital of the Archduchy. Under Ferdinand set in a large construction activity: The three existing wings of the Swiss court were expanded and increased. The defensive wall in the northwest as fourth tract with the Swiss Gate (built in 1552 probably by Pietro Ferrabosco) was rebuilt. In the southwest, a tract for Ferdinand's children (the so-called "children Stöckl") was added. The newly constituted authorities Exchequer and Chancery were located in adjacent buildings at Castle Square. Were added in the castle an art chamber, a hospital, a passage from the castle to St. Augustine's Church and a new ballroom.
First major extensions of the residence
In the area of "desolate church" built Ferdinand from 1559 a solitary residence for his son. However, the construction was delayed, and Maximilian II (1527-1576) after his father's death in 1564 moved into the ancient castle. His residence he for his Spanish horses had converted into a Hofstallgebäude (Stallburg - stables) and increased from 1565 .
Ferdinand I decided to divide his lands to his three sons, which led to a reduction of Vienna as a residence. Moreover, stayed Maximilian II, who was awarded alongside Austria above and below the Enns also Bohemia and Hungary, readily in Prague and he moved also the residence there. In 1575 he decided to build a new building in front of the Swiss court for the royal household of his eldest son, Rudolf II (1552-1612). The 1577 in the style of the late Renaissance completed and in 1610 expanded building, which was significantly fitted with a turret with "welscher hood" and an astronomical clock, but by the governor of the Emperor (Archduke Ernst of Austria) was inhabited. However, the name "Amalienborg Castle" comes from Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (wife of Joseph I.), which in 1711 there installed her widow seat.
In the late 16th and early 17th Century only a few extensions were carried out: extension of a separate tract in the northeast of the castle for the Treasure and Art chamber (1583-1585) and setting up of a dance hall in the area of today's Redoutensäle (1629-1631).
Under Leopold I the dance hall by Ludovico Burnacini 1659/1660 was rebuilt into an at that time modern theater ("Comedy House"). 1666 Leopold I in the area of today's castle garden a new opera house with three tiers and a capacity of 5,000 people had built.
In the 1660-ies under Leopold I (1640-1705) after the plans of architect Filiberto Lucchese an elongated wing building between the Amalienborg Castle and the Schweizerhof, the so-called Leopoldine Wing, was built. However, since the tract shortly after the completion burned down, this by Giovanni Pietro Tencala was set up newly and increased. Architecturally, this tract still connects to the late Renaissance. The connection with the Amalienborg castle followed then under Leopold's son Joseph I (1678-1711).
After completion of the Leopoldine Wing the in the southeast of castle located riding school was renewed, the south tower of the old castle pulled down, the old sacristy of the chapel replaced by an extension. Under Charles VI. (1685-1740) the Gateway Building between cabbage market (Kohlmarkt) and Courtyard by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt was transformed into a monumental triumphal arch as a representative sign of the imperial power. However, this construction does not exist anymore, it had to give way to the Michael tract.
Baroque redesign of the Hofburg
In the early 18th Century set in a buoyant construction activity. The emperor commissioned Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach with the construction of new stables outside the city walls and a new court library.
After the death of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, his son Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach took over the construction management for the stables and the court library. 1725 the palatial front of the stables was completed. As already during the construction period has been established that the stables were dimensioned too small, the other wings were not realized anymore. The with frescoes by Daniel Gran and statues of Emperors by Paul Strudel equipped Court Library was completed in 1737.
Opposite the Leopoldine Wing a new Reich Chancellery should be built. 1723 was entrusted with the planning Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. 1726, however, the supervision the Reich Chancellery was withdrawn and transferred to the Chancery and thus Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, who also designed the adjacent Court Chamber and the front to St. Michael's Church. 1728 the Court Chamber and the facade of the two buildings were completed. By Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach was also the Michaelertrakt, the connection between the Winter Riding School and the Imperial Chancellery Wing planned. However, since the old Burgtheater the building was in the path, this was half done for a period of 150 years and was only completed in 1889-1893 by Ferdinand Kirschner .
Under Maria Theresia (1717-1780) the at St. Michael's Square located and only as remnants existing Ballhaus was adapted as a court theater. Beside the Emperor hospital in return a new ball house was built, being eponymous for the Ballhausplatz. Subsequently, there occured again and again conversions and adaptations: reconstruction of the comedy hall according to the plans of Jean Nicolas Jadot into two ballrooms, the small and large ball room (1744-1748). The transformation of the two halls (from 1760), repair of the Court Library, and from 1769 onwards the design of the Josephsplatz took place under Joseph Nicolas of Pacassi. These buildings were completed by the successor of Pacassi Franz Anton Hillebrandt. As an extension for the Court Library in the southeast the Augustinian tract was built.
Other structural measures under Maria Theresia: establishment of the court pharmacy into the Stallburg, relocation of the in the Stallburg housed art collection into the Upper Belvedere, razing of the two remaining towers of the old castle, the construction of two stairways (the ambassador stairway and the column stairways (Botschafter- and Säulenstiege).
Extensions in the 19th Century and early 20th century
Francis II (1768-1835) gave Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen and his wife Marie Christine (daughter of Maria Theresa) the Palais Tarouca south of the Augustinian monastery. From 1800 this was remodeled by Louis Montoyer and extended by a wing building to today's Albertina.
1804, Francis II proclaimed the hereditary Empire of Austria and was, consequently, as Franz I the first Emperor of Austria. With the by Napoleon Bonaparte provoked abdication of the emperor in 1806 ended the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
1809 part of the old bastions was blown up at the castle in consequence of the war with Napoleon, and after it blazed. Towards today's ring road, then new outworks were created (the so-called Hornwerkskurtine and the Escarpen). In the early 20-ies of the 19th Century were layed out three gardens: the private imperial castle garden with two of Louis Remy planned steel/glass- constructed greenhouses, Heroes Square (Heldenplatz) with avenues and the People's garden (Volksgarten) with the Theseus Temple (Pietro Nobile). At the same time, emerged also the new, 1821 by Luigi Cagnola began and 1824 by Pietro Nobile completed outer castle gate.
1846 was built a monumental memorial to Francis I in Inner Castle Square. In the turmoil of the 1848 revolution the Stallburg was stormed and fought fiercely at the outer castle square and the castle gate. As a result, the roof of the court library burned. The political consequences of the revolution were the abdication of Emperor Ferdinand I (1793-1875), the dismissal of the dreaded Chancellor Clemens Lothar Fürst Metternich and the enthronement of Ferdinand's nephew Franz Joseph.
In the first years of the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I (1830-1916) the royal stables of Leopold Mayer have been redesigned and expanded. As part of the expansion of the city, the city walls were razed and instead of the fortifications arose place for a magnificent boulevard, the Ringstrasse. 1862, the idea of an Imperial Forum by architect Ludwig Förster was born. On the surface between the Hofburg and the Imperial Stables should arise court museums (Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History).
At the outer Castle Square (today's Heldenplatz) were in the 60-ies of the 19th Century the by Anton Dominik Fernkorn created equestrian statues of Archduke Charles (victor over Napoleon at the Battle of Aspern) and Prince Eugene of Savoy (victor over the Turks in several battles) set up.
After an unsuccessful architectural competition on the design of the Heroes' Square area in 1869 Gottfried Semper could be won. This led to the involuntary and not frictionless collaboration with Carl Freiherr von Hasenauer. Planned was a two-wing complex beyond the ring road, with the two flanking twin museums (Art and Natural History Museum) and the old stables as a conclusion. 1871 was began with the Erdaushebungen (excavations) for the museums. 1889, the Museum of Natural History was opened, and in 1891, the Museum of Art History.
On a watercolor from 1873 by Rudolf Ritter von Alt (1812 - 1905) an overall view of the Imperial Forum is shown.
1888, the Old Court Theatre at St. Michael's Square was demolished, as the new KK Court Theatre (today's Burgtheater), built by Gottfried Semper and Carl Freiherr von Hasenauer, was finished. The since 150 years existing construction site at St. Michael's Square could be completed. The roundel got a dome, the concave curved Michaelertrakt was finalized by Ferdinand Kirschner. The once by Lorenzo Mattielli created cycle of statues on the facade of the Reich Chancellery was continued with four other "deeds of Hercules' at he side of the passage arches. 1893, the Hofburg had finally got its ostentatious show facade.
1901, the old greenhouses were demolished and replaced by an orangery with Art Nouveau elements according to plans by Friedrich Ohmann (completed in 1910). In 1907, the Corps de Logis, which forms the end of the Neue Burg, is completed. Since Emperor Franz Joseph I in budding 20th Century no longer was interested in lengthy construction projects and the heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1863-1914) was against the establishment of a throne hall building, but was in favour for the construction of a smaller ballroom tract, the implementation of the second wing was dropped. After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este in Sarajevo, the First World War broke out. Franz Joseph I died in 1916. A great-nephew of Franz Joseph I, Charles I (1887-1922), succeeded to the throne, however, he held only two years. The end of the First World War also meant the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. On 11 November 1918 the First Republic was proclaimed. As Karl although renounced to government business, but not to the throne, he had to go into exile with his family.
The Imperial Palace in the 20th century
The interior design of the ballroom tract and the Neue Burg continued despite the end of the monarchy until 1926. By the end of the monarchy, many of the buildings lost their purpose. Furthermore used or operated was the Riding School. The stables were used from 1921 as an exhibition site of the Vienna Fair ("Fair Palace"). In 1928, the Corps de Logis, the Museum of Ethnology, until then part of the Natural History Museum, opened. In 1935 the collection of weapons (Court, Hunting and Armour Chamber) of the Kunsthistorisches Museum (Museum of Art History) came in the Neue Burg.
1933/1934 the outer castle gate by Rudolf Wondracek was transformed into the hero monument to the victims of the First World War. 1935 emerged on the left and on the right of the castle gate the pylon portals with eagle sculptures by William Frass. In March 1938, the Heroes Square and the balcony of the Neue Burg gained notoriety after Adolf Hitler to the cheering crowd at the Heldenplatz announced the annexation of Austria to the German Reich. The Nazis were planning a redesign of the Heroes' Square to a paved parade and ceremony space. The plans were not realized since 1943 a fire pond at Heldenplatz was dredged and the place was later used for agriculture. In the Trade Fair Palace during the period of Nazism propaganda events were held.
During the war, the Hofburg (Imperial Stables, St. Augustine's Church, Albertina, the official building of the Federal President, the current building of the Federal Chancellery) was severely damaged by bombing: The first President of the Second Republic, Dr. Karl Renner, in 1946 the Office of the President moved into the Leopoldine Wing (in the former living quarters of Maria Theresa and Joseph II).
During the occupation time the seat of the Inter-Allied Commission was housed in the Neue Burg.
1946 first events were held in the Exhibition Palace again, and were built two large halls in the main courtyard of the Exhibition Palace. In the course of the reconstruction war damages were disposed and the Imperial Palace was repaired, the barn castle (Stallburg) erected again. In 1958, in the ballroom wing the convention center has been set up.
1962-1966 the modern Library of the Austrian National Library is housed in the Neue Burg.
1989 emerged for the first time the notion of a "Museum Quarter". The museum quarter should include contemporary art and culture. The oversized design by Laurids and Manfred Ortner but was downsized several times after resistance of a citizens' initiative. It was implemented a decade later.
1992 the two Redoutensäle (ball rooms) burned out completely. Yet shortly after the fire was started with reconstruction. The roof was reconstructed and the little ball room (Kleiner Redoutensaal) could be restored. The big ball room, however, was renovated and designed with paintings by Josef Mikl. In 1997 the two halls were reopened.
From 1997-2002 the Museum Quarter (including Kunsthalle Wien, Leopold Collection) was rebuilt and the old building fabric renovated.
Was began in 1999 with the renovation of the Albertina. The by a study building, two exhibit halls and an underground storage vault extended Museum was reopened in 2003. The Albertina ramp was built with an oversized shed roof by Hans Hollein.
In 2006, additional rooms for the convention center were created by the boiler house yard.
(Source: Trenkler, Thomas: "The Hofburg Wien", Vienna, 2004)
www.burghauptmannschaft.at/php/detail.php?ukatnr=12185&am....
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.
After the completion of Karl-Marx-Allee from Strausberger Platz to Proskauer Straße, it was planned to extend to Alexanderplatz. After the plans of Hermann Henselmann were rejected, a competition was initiated in which seven architectural firms participated. In contrast to the first phase of construction of the Allee, dominated by the construction of elaborate Socialist Classicist buildings, the second phase included a mixture of Plattenbau, retail stores, restaurants, and cultural facilities according to plans of Edmund Collein, Werner Dutschke, and Josef Kaiser. These included the Café Moskau, the Mokka-Milch-Eisbar and the Kino International.
Planning and Architecture
The theater was designed by Josef Kaiser and Heinz Aust as a three-story reinforced concrete frame construction with light sandstone façades. Kaiser had already designed the Kino Kosmos and Café Moskau. Due to the predefined boundaries of the bar area, the floor plans of each story vary: the ground floor is 38x35 m and the second floor is 47x35 m. A characteristic open space with glass surfaces faces the street, while the side façades are closed. The side surfaces show reliefs from Waldemar Grzimek, Hubert Schiefelbein, and Karl-Heinz Schamal.
After its two-year construction, the theater was opened on November 15, 1963 with a grand opening premiere. In addition to the theater itself, other rooms included a library, an office of the Oktoberklub, and a "Representation Room" in which state and party leader celebrated before and after film premieres. Today, these rooms host regular parties of Kino International's gay and lesbian club.
Cinema Hall and Technology[edit]
The 1950s and 1960s saw many new buildings built in a special new kind of cinema architecture, including the Zoo-Palast and the Royal Palast. This new style was meant to give the viewer optimal viewing and sound experiences. This was also considered during the planning of Kino International. The cinema, which holds almost 600 viewers, is inclined. The acoustic technology was developed especially for the theater and is similar to that of a recording studio. Walls are covered with acoustic dampening panels and the wall coverings, made of offset wood panels with open joints guaranteed an acoustic experience that was unique at that time. The waved ceiling also optimally reflects sounds to the seating area. In the 1980s, Kino International was one of the first cinemas in the GDR equipped with Dolby Stereo.
Theater for Premieres[edit]
Until 1989, Kino International was the main theater for premieres in the GDR. Multiple films produced by the DEFA (state-owned film studio) held their premieres here. Especially important for the party and national leadership were the eight rows with optimal views and extra legroom. Before and after premieres, state visitors sojourned in the "Representation Room", today called the Honecker Lounge. In the basement, a small bunker and elevator were later added for the state leadership. The Kino's last premiere in the GDR was Heiner Carow's Coming Out on November 9, 1989, the day the Berlin Wall fell.
Today, the International is used by many filmmakers for premieres due to the theater's ambience and is one of the venues of the Berlinale. Visitors from Berlin are fond of the theater's history and special atmosphere. The large film posters on the outside of the theater show the film of the week and are still painted by hand.
Buddha Dordenma is a gigantic Shakyamuni Buddha statue under construction in the mountains of Bhutan. The statue will house over one hundred thousand (one hundred thousand) smaller Buddha statues, each of which, like the Buddha Dordenma itself, will be made of bronze and gilded in gold. The Buddha Dordenma is sited amidst the ruins of Kuensel Phodrang, the palace of Sherab Wangchuck, the thirteenth Desi Druk, overlooking the southern approach to Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan. Upon completion, it will be one of the largest Buddha rupas in the world, at a height of 169 feet (51.5 meters). Although its completion was planned for October 2010, construction is still ongoing as of May 2014.
The statue alone is being built at a cost of US$47 million, by Aerosun Corporation of Nanjing, China, while the total cost of the Buddha Dordenma Project is well over US$100 million. The interior will accommodate 100,000 8-inch-tall and 25,000 12-inch-tall gilded Buddhas respectively. Names of sponsors will be displayed in the meditation hall which forms the throne of the Buddha Dordenma.
Apart from commemorating the centennial of the Bhutanese monarchy, it fulfills two prophecies. In the twentieth century, the renowned yogi Sonam Zangpo prophesied that a large statue of either Padmasambhava, Buddha or of a phurba would be built in the region to bestow blessings, peace and happiness on the whole world. Additionally the statue is mentioned in the ancient terma of Guru Padmasambhava himself, said to date from approximately the eighth century, and recovered some 800 years ago by terton Pema Lingpa.
Under the eyes of the Buddha statue, the Kuenselphodrang nature park was formally opened as a recreational park in 2011. The park conserves 943.4 acres of forest area that surrounds the Buddha Dordenma statue.
Photograph taken by Adam Kropinski-Myers Order reference: AWM2018.4.252.66 Contact: esales@awm.gov.au
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.
President Donald Trump, along with Acting Secretary Chad Wolf and Acting Commissioner Mark Morgan, visited the border wall in Yuma, Arizona on June 23, 2020. The visit marked the completion of 200 miles of new border wall constructed along the southwest border. CBP photo by Jerry Glaser.
Rising Sum Motor Inn
Going-to-the-Sun Road at St. Mary Lake; Glacier National Park, Montana
Glacier National Park was established in 1910, when the first wave of tourists viewed the park via horseback, boat and hiking. Rising Sun Motor Inn was part of the second wave of tourism with the completion of the Going-to-the-Sun Road in 1933. Rising Sun Motor Inn has had several names; Rising Sun Auto Camp, Roes Creek Auto Camp, and East Glacier Auto Camp. All names reference the automobile. The facilities were developed for the auto-borne tourists who could traverse the park using the Going-to-the-Sun Road. The location overlooks Saint Mary Lake, the second largest lake in the park. One of the most popular spots for visitors to Glacier National Park is Rising Sun, an overlook of Goose Island in St. Mary Lake and likely the most photographed spot in the park.
By 1940, under increasing pressure from the NPS for more spartan, inexpensive facilities where tipping, dress codes and lavish furnishings were not required, the Glacier Park Hotel Co. began construction of the Roes Creek Auto Camp, later renamed the East Glacier Auto Camp and finally (1950) the Rising Sun Auto Camp. This facility was designed by Great Northern's Hotel Company and approved by NPS.
Rising Sun facilities included a general store, built in 1941 by the Great Northern's Glacier Park Hotel Company, surrounded by log tourist cabins and laundry house. Located 7 miles from the east entrance to Glacier National Park, Rising Sun grew as wayside area that now includes a National Park Service campground, gift shop, restaurant, motel rooms and boat dock on St. Mary's Lake. The modern era restaurant/lobby building was built in 1965. As of 2014 the guest facilities, exluding the campground and boat dock, are managed by the concessionaire Xanterra Parks & Resorts.
Great Northern Railway affiliate Glacier Park Hotel Company constructed and operated the grand park lodges within Glacier National Park from 1910 to 1961. The lodges were built to serve tourists who arrived via Great Northern's passenger trains. The Oriental Limited was Great Northern's passenger train between Chicago and Seattle (70 hour trip). It was the premiere train on its route until 1929 when the Empire Builder started. With new equipment and fewer stops the Empire Builder made the run in 45 hours. Amtrak has operated the Empire Builder since 1971.
The Glacier Park Lodge was built in 1913 adjacent to the Great Northern Depot in East Glacier Park, Montana. The largest was the Many Glacier Hotel, which opened in 1915. The landmark Prince of Wales Hotel in Waterton was completed in 1927, and in 1930 the company was contracted to operate the privately constructed Lake McDonald Hotel. The grand lodges were supplemented by the construction of motel-styled Swiftcurrent Motor Inn and Rising Sun Motor Inn, which were completed in the 1940s to serve Glacie Park's automobile travelers.
With only a 100-day season, and with automobiles reducing the demand for rail travel, Great Northern claims it was losing $500,000 a year on the Glacier hotels. In 1961 Great Northern's Glacier Park Hotel Company sold the Glacier and Waterton concession operations to Don Hummel for $1.4 million. Hummel, a former Tucson mayor and Arizona businessman formed "Glacier Park, Inc." to operate the concessions. GPI received a 20-year concession contract from the National Park Service. Hummel was a Flying Tiger in World War II. As a college student he was a seasonal ranger at Grand Canyon and Lassen Volcanic national parks. He served three terms as mayor of Tucson. In addition to Glacier National Park he had ownership in 2 other national park concession companies - Lassen and Mt. McKinley.
Hummel sold the lodges and motels at the conclusion of its 20 year contract in 1981 to Greyhound Food Management of Phoenix later known as Viad Corporation. Hummel stated "It's been a constant battle attempting to not only pay off the facilities, but to try to upgrade them as well."
In 2013 the Park Service awarded a 16 year concession right for lodging and transportation within Glacier Park to the Xanterra Corporation. Glacier Park Inc., had held the Glacier contract for 32 years since 1981. Xanterra Parks and Resorts took control from Viad Lake McDonald Lodge, Many Glacier Hotel, the Rising Sun and Swiftcureen Motor Inns, and the Red buses. Viad continues to own and operate facilities outside of Glacier National Park, including - Glacier Park Lodge, St. Mary Lodge, and the Prince of Wales Hotel.
In keeping with the era in which Rising Sun Motor Inn's 72 rooms were built, there are no televisions, air conditioning or in-room telephones. However, there are private bathrooms in all guest rooms.
Note: I worked at Rising Sun Motor Inn during the summers of 1967 and 1968. In 1967 I worked as a dish washer, busboy, gift shop attendant and gas station attendant. In 1968 I worked as a desk clerk and as the relief night auditor. LeRoy Wright was our General Manager for both summers. He was the recently retired general manager at the Paso del Norte Hotel in El Paso, TX. Nora Hullings for our chef. Mr & Mrs. Hal Goerz managed the gift shop. Some of my co-workers were Bill Williams, Tom Quail, Tom Amacker, Louis Kawalski, Barb Low, Neil Gerdes, Joe Peek, Karen Willis, and Luci Malone. On the night of Aug. 12, 1967, (known as Night of the Grizzlies) two glacier park employess were mauled to death by two seperate grizzlies at two different locations - Granite Park Campground and Trout Lake Campground. The official address of Rising Sun Motor Inn is: 500 feet north of Going-to-the-Sun Road at St. Mary Lake; Glacier National Park, Montana.
compiled by Dick Johnson, June 2018
One World Trade Center, more simply known as 1 WTC and previously known as the Freedom Tower, is the lead building of the new World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The 104-story supertall skyscraper is being constructed in the northwest corner of the 16-acre World Trade Center site, occupying the location where the original 8-story 6 World Trade Center once stood. The building is bounded to the west by West Street, to the north by Vesey Street, to the south by Fulton Street, and to the east by Washington Street. Construction on below-ground utility relocations, footings, and foundations for the building began on April 27, 2006.[8] On March 30, 2009, the Port Authority confirmed that the building would be known by its legal name of One World Trade Center, rather than the colloquial name, Freedom Tower.
At the time of its completion in 2013, One World Trade Center will be the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere and the third-tallest building in the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m) in reference to the year of American independence.[9][10] It has been the tallest building in New York since April 30, 2012.[11][12] However, its overall roof height, at 1,368 feet (417.0 m), will still be 82 feet (25.0 m) shorter than the roof of Chicago's 108-story Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower). The new World Trade Center complex will also feature three other high-rise office buildings, located along Greenwich Street, and the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, located just south of One World Trade Center, where the Twin Towers once stood. The construction is part of an effort to memorialize and rebuild after the original World Trade Center complex was destroyed during the attacks of September 11, 2001.
Courtesty of Wikipedia
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear. Keenan spent much of his day discussing his art to area children who came to the campus to see him work.
Work is nearing completion at Bldg 23 at Longare, Italy. The completed building is designed for Soldiers to repair and maintain vehicles. The building will house a maintenance pit, vehicle lift, communication room, and air compressor. Renovation included expansion of the existing bathroom and shower. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers oversaw the contract to install new fire sprinkler detection and alarm sysstem, repair and upgrade the vehicle exhaust system, replace overhead doors with folding doors and paint building interior. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers photo by Carol E. Davis)
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.