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At the completion of his 1964 All America Season at Cal, Craig Morton held virtually every school record for passing. His then-record 36 touchdown passes, achieved in three seasons and in schedules shorter by one or two games, survived for 25 years after his graduation. In 1964, he won the Pop Warner Award as the most valuable player on the West Coast and was made a first round selection by the Dallas Cowboys in the NFL Draft. He played 18 seasons of pro football for the Cowboys, the New York Giants and the Denver Broncos and was the first quarterback to start for two different teams in the Super Bowl—for Dallas in 1970 and Denver in 1977. Altogether, he played in 11 post season games. At age 38, in his penultimate year as a pro, he still was able to pass for more than 3000 yards and for 21 He was inducted into the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame in 2009, and his plaque can be found at SFO Gate 80.
The Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame, started in 1979 by the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce’s Sports Committee and former president of the San Francisco 49ers, Lou Spadia, honors the Bay Area’s athletic legends. The first Enshrinement Banquet was held in 1980 and honored Bay Area sports legends Joe DiMaggio, Willie Mays, Hank Luisetti, Ernie Nevers and Bill Russell. Each enshrinee receives a bronze plaque of their likeness which is displayed at the banquet and featured in the United Airlines terminal at SFO International Airport before being moved to a permanent location near the stadium, university, golf club, or school they were involved with in the Bay Area.
San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO), located 13 miles south of downtown San Francisco in unincorporated San Mateo County, offers non-stop links with more than 30 international points on 25 international carriers. The Bay Area's largest airport connects non-stop with more than 65 cities in the U.S. on 20 domestic airlines. The airport originally opened on May 7, 1927 as Mills field Municipal Aiport and was renamed San Francisco Municipal Airport in 1931, witht he Municipal replaced by International in 1955.
SFO was voted “North America’s Best Airport” in 2008 by passengers for its outstanding customer service and amenities.
In 2007, the San Francisco International Airport was ranked #121 on the AIA 150 America's Favorite Architecture list.
Small updates as I near completion. I used brick texture styrene to create a rudimentary stencil which I used on the black panelling to add thermal brick texture.
Then today I shaped the command bridge from Delrin before detailing it in the usual way- textured paper and resin. I also realised that the windows on all the modules were way oversized and betrayed the scale making the ship look disproportionate, so I painted over them and drew them back in by hand. Another pass of brushwork and airbrushing to increase tonality and textures also helped bring more life into the ship.
The final parts to focus on are the spherical joints, I've used LEGO 2x2 dishes with tank wheels kitbashed on, and some resin pieces on the 'docking spheres' on four joints, but the backs and insides of the spheres are proving to be a pain...
D9537 is only weeks away from being a running locomotive and being used for the first time on the ELR rails. Here it's seen at Buckley Wells.
Obelisk commemorating the completion of the Newkirk Viaduct (Grays Ferry Bridge). See description of the set for the full engraved text.
The east (primary) face of the obelisk:
PHILADELPHIA WILMINGTON AND BALTIMORE RAILROAD
COMPANY
President
MATTHEW NEWKIRK
Vice President
JACOB J COHEN JR
Directors
Philadelphia Baltimore Matthew Newkirk JJ Cohen Jr John Hemphill Chas F Mayer John Connel John McKim Jr Wm 0 Lewis James Swan Wilmington WA Patterson James Canby Delaware James Price Thomas Smith David C Wilson Chester James A Bayard Solicitor William Chandler Samuel Edwards
Secretary JAMES WILSON WALLACE WILLIAM P BROBSON Ass t Treasurer ALLAN THOMSON AUBRY H SMITH Ass't
Designed by Edward John Woods, SA Architect in Chief from 1878 to 1886, the construction of Z Ward for Criminal and Refractory Patients commenced in September 1884 with the contract being let to William Pett & Son, builders. Work proceeded smoothly, completion being achieved in the second half of 1885. The polychromatic brickwork technique used by Wood in its design is the most elaborate, sophisticated example of this architectural style in South Australia Additionally, Wood incorporated ventilation flues into each room and cell as he had done in designing Old Parliament House, the Mortlock Library and Martindale Hall. Fresh air being considered an important element in curing mental illness.
Lack of staffing and financial resources prevented the new facility for 45 inmates from being opened until 1888, three years after its completion.
Only a minority of patients who were accommodated in Z Ward were Governor’s pleasure patients: those acquitted of their crime on the grounds of their insanity. The majority were people charged and convicted of a minor offence, but exhibiting sufficient signs of psychiatric instability that it was thought more beneficial for them to be placed in an asylum rather than in a gaol to serve their sentence. Another small group of patients were those who were considered to be dangerous to themselves or to others and were placed in there for the protection of the Asylum’s other inmates.
To admit a new inmate, a bell was rung to the right of the front gates. The male attendant in charge would leave his office to the right of the secure entrance way, open the gates, bring the escorted person into this area after locking the gates and the front door. He would then return to his office, locking the door behind him and summon an attendant from inside the ward who would open the internal steel gate with a key that only opened that gate. In this way the new inmate would learn that grabbing an attendant’s keys would not allow passage to the outside gate. Governor’s pleasure inmates were placed at night in the cells to the right on the ground floor with this area closed off by a cyclone screen from the rest of the inmates. The dining area was immediately in front and adjacent to the stairs.
Originally known as “L Ward”, the name was changed to Z Ward following the installation of telephones throughout the hospital in the 1900s. Mishearing the name when the telephone was answered led callers to mistake the ”L” for “Hell”. Adding a line to the “L” to form a “Z” saved in the cost of remarking the ward’s laundry.
Z Ward closed on the 13th December 1973 with the 10 occupants being transferred to the Yatala Security Hospital, only for that facility in turn to be closed in 1988-89 and replaced by James Nash House.
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37 students cross the stage in the Celebration of Completion as they receive their degrees' from Baldwin Wallace University in the John Patrick Theatre at the Kleist Center for Art & Drama.
The Château de Chambord in Chambord, Centre-Val de Loire, France, is one of the most recognisable châteaux in the world because of its very distinctive French Renaissance architecture which blends traditional French medieval forms with classical Renaissance structures. The building, which was never completed, was constructed by the king of France, Francis I.
Chambord is the largest château in the Loire Valley; it was built to serve as a hunting lodge for Francis I, who maintained his royal residences at the Château de Blois and Amboise. The original design of the Château de Chambord is attributed to Italian architect Domenico da Cortona; Leonardo da Vinci may also have been involved or influenced the design.
Chambord was altered considerably during the twenty-eight years of its construction (1519–1547), during which it was overseen on-site by Pierre Neveu. With the château nearing completion, Francis showed off his enormous symbol of wealth and power by hosting his old archrival, Emperor Charles V, at Chambord.
In 1792, in the wake of the French Revolution, some of the furnishings were sold and timber removed. For a time the building was left abandoned, though in the 19th century some attempts were made at restoration. During the Second World War, art works from the collections of the Louvre and the Château de Compiègne were moved to the Château de Chambord. The château is now open to the public, receiving 700,000 visitors in 2007. Flooding in June 2016 damaged the grounds but not the château itself.
Who designed the Château de Chambord is a matter of controversy. The original design is attributed, though with several doubts, to Domenico da Cortona, whose wooden model for the design survived long enough to be drawn by André Félibien in the 17th century. In the drawings of the model, the main staircase of the keep is shown with two straight, parallel flights of steps separated by a passage and is located in one of the arms of the cross. According to Jean-Guillaume, this Italian design was later replaced with the centrally located spiral staircase, which is similar to that at Blois, and a design more compatible with the French preference for spectacular grand staircases. However, "at the same time the result was also a triumph of the centralised layout—itself a wholly Italian element." In 1913 Marcel Reymond suggested that Leonardo da Vinci, a guest of Francis at Clos Lucé near Amboise, was responsible for the original design, which reflects Leonardo's plans for a château at Romorantin for the King's mother, and his interests in central planning and double-spiral staircases; the discussion has not yet concluded, although many scholars now agree that Leonardo was at least responsible for the design of the central staircase.
Archaeological findings by Jean-Sylvain Caillou & Dominic Hofbauer have established that the lack of symmetry of some façades derives from an original design, abandoned shortly after the construction began, and which ground plan was organised around the central staircase following a central gyratory symmetry. Such a rotative design has no equivalent in architecture at this period of history, and appears reminiscent of Leonardo da Vinci's works on hydraulic turbines or the helicopter. Had it been respected, it is believed that this unique building could have featured the quadruple-spiral open staircase, strangely described by John Evelyn and Andrea Palladio, although it was never built.
Regardless of who designed the château, on 6 September 1519 Francis de Pontbriand was ordered to begin construction of the Château de Chambord. The work was interrupted by the Italian War of 1521–1526, and work was slowed by dwindling royal funds and difficulties in laying the structure's foundations. By 1524, the walls were barely above ground level. Building resumed in September 1526, at which point 1,800 workers were employed in building the château. At the time of the death of King Francis I in 1547, the work had cost 444,070 livres.
The château was built to act as a hunting lodge for King Francis I; however, the king spent barely seven weeks there in total, that time consisting of short hunting visits. As the château had been constructed with the purpose of short stays, it was not practical to live in on a longer-term basis. The massive rooms, open windows and high ceilings meant heating was impractical. Similarly, as the château was not surrounded by a village or estate, there was no immediate source of food other than game. This meant that all food had to be brought with the group, typically numbering up to 2,000 people at a time.
As a result of all the above, the château was completely unfurnished during this period. All furniture, wall coverings, eating implements and so forth were brought specifically for each hunting trip, a major logistical exercise. It is for this reason that much furniture from the era was built to be disassembled to facilitate transportation. After Francis died of a heart attack in 1547, the château was not used for almost a century.
For more than 80 years after the death of King Francis I, French kings abandoned the château, allowing it to fall into decay. Finally, in 1639 King Louis XIII gave it to his brother, Gaston d'Orléans, who saved the château from ruin by carrying out much restoration work.
King Louis XIV had the great keep restored and furnished the royal apartments. The king then added a 1,200-horse stable, enabling him to use the château as a hunting lodge and a place to entertain a few weeks each year, for example Molière presented the premiere of his celebrated comedy, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme here. Nonetheless, Louis XIV abandoned the château in 1685.
From 1725 to 1733, Stanislas Leszczyński (Stanislas I), the deposed King of Poland and the father-in-law of King Louis XV, lived at Chambord. In 1745, as a reward for valour, the king gave the château to Maurice de Saxe, Marshal of France who installed his military regiment there. Maurice de Saxe died in 1750, and once again the colossal château sat empty for many years.
In 1792, the Revolutionary government ordered the sale of the furnishings; the wall panellings were removed and even floors were taken up and sold for the value of their timber, and, according to M de la Saussaye, the panelled doors were burned to keep the rooms warm during the sales; the empty château was left abandoned until Napoleon Bonaparte gave it to his subordinate, Louis Alexandre Berthier. The château was subsequently purchased from his widow for the infant Duke of Bordeaux, Henri Charles Dieudonné (1820–1883) who took the title Comte de Chambord. A brief attempt at restoration and occupation was made by his grandfather King Charles X (1824–1830) but in 1830 both were exiled. In Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea, published in the 1830s, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow remarked on the dilapidation that had set in: "all is mournful and deserted. The grass has overgrown the pavement of the courtyard, and the rude sculpture upon the walls is broken and defaced". During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) the château was used as a field hospital.
The final attempt to make use of the colossus came from the Comte de Chambord, but after the Comte died in 1883, the château was left to his sister's heirs, the titular Dukes of Parma, then resident in Austria. First left to Robert, Duke of Parma, who died in 1907 and after him, Elias, Prince of Parma. Any attempts at restoration ended with the onset of World War I in 1914. The Château de Chambord was confiscated as enemy property in 1915, but the family of the Duke of Parma sued to recover it, and that suit was not settled until 1932; restoration work was not begun until a few years after World War II ended in 1945. The Château and surrounding areas, some 5,440 hectares (13,400 acres; 21.0 sq mi), have belonged to the French state since 1930.
In 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, the art collections of the Louvre and Compiègne museums (including the Mona Lisa and Venus de Milo) were stored at the Château de Chambord. An American B-24 Liberator bomber crashed onto the château lawn on 22 June 1944. The image of the château has been widely used to sell commodities from chocolate to alcohol and from porcelain to alarm clocks; combined with the various written accounts of visitors, this made Chambord one of the best known examples of France's architectural history. Today, Chambord is a major tourist attraction, and in 2007 around 700,000 people visited the château.
After unusually heavy rainfall, Chambord was closed to the public from 1 to 6 June 2016. The river Cosson, a tributary of the Loire, flooded its banks and the château's moat. Drone photography documented some of the peak flooding. The French Patrimony Foundation described effects of the flooding on Chambord's 13,000-acre property. The 20-mile wall around the château was breached at several points, metal gates were torn from their framing, and roads were damaged. Also, trees were uprooted and certain electrical and fire protection systems were put out of order. However, the château itself and its collections reportedly were undamaged. The foundation observed that paradoxically the natural disaster affected Francis I's vision that Chambord appears to rise from the waters as if it were diverting the Loire. Repairs are expected to cost upwards of a quarter-million dollars.
The Château de Chambord has further influenced a number of architectural and decorative elements across Europe. Château de Chambord was the model for the reconstruction and new construction of the original Schwerin Palace between 1845 and 1857.
Yet in the later half of the 19th century, the château's style is seen proliferating across the United Kingdom, influencing the Founder's Building at Royal Holloway, University of London, designed by William Henry Crossland and the main building of Fettes College in Edinburgh, designed by David Bryce in 1870. Between 1874 and 1889, the country house in Buckinghamshire, Waddesdon Manor, was built with similar architectural frameworks as the Château de Chambord, disseminated via the architect Gabriel-Hippolyte Destailleur. For instance, the twin staircase towers, on the north façade, were inspired by the staircase tower at the Château.[36] However, following the theme of unparalleled luxury at Waddesdon, the windows of the towers at Waddesdon were glazed, unlike those of the staircase at Chambord, and were far more ornate.
Francis I (French: François Ier; Middle French: Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin once removed and father-in-law Louis XII, who died without a legitimate son.
A prodigious patron of the arts, he promoted the emergent French Renaissance by attracting many Italian artists to work for him, including Leonardo da Vinci, who brought the Mona Lisa, which Francis had acquired. Francis' reign saw important cultural changes with the growth of central power in France, the spread of humanism and Protestantism, and the beginning of French exploration of the New World. Jacques Cartier and others claimed lands in the Americas for France and paved the way for the expansion of the first French colonial empire.
For his role in the development and promotion of the French language, he became known as le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres (the 'Father and Restorer of Letters'). He was also known as François au Grand Nez ('Francis of the Large Nose'), the Grand Colas, and the Roi-Chevalier (the 'Knight-King').
In keeping with his predecessors, Francis continued the Italian Wars. The succession of his great rival Emperor Charles V to the Habsburg Netherlands and the throne of Spain, followed by his election as Holy Roman Emperor, led to France being geographically encircled by the Habsburg monarchy. In his struggle against Imperial hegemony, Francis sought the support of Henry VIII of England at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. When this was unsuccessful, he formed a Franco-Ottoman alliance with the Muslim sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, a controversial move for a Christian king at the time.
Early life and accession
Francis of Orléans was born on 12 September 1494 at the Château de Cognac in the town of Cognac, which at that time lay in the province of Saintonge, a part of the Duchy of Aquitaine. Today the town lies in the department of Charente.
Francis was the only son of Charles of Orléans, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy, and a great-great-grandson of King Charles V of France. His family was not expected to inherit the throne, as his third cousin King Charles VIII was still young at the time of his birth, as was his father's cousin the Duke of Orléans, later King Louis XII. However, Charles VIII died childless in 1498 and was succeeded by Louis XII, who himself had no male heir. The Salic Law prevented women from inheriting the throne. Therefore, the four-year-old Francis (who was already Count of Angoulême after the death of his own father two years earlier) became the heir presumptive to the throne of France in 1498 and was vested with the title of Duke of Valois.
In 1505, Louis XII, having fallen ill, ordered for his daughter Claude and Francis to be married immediately, but only through an assembly of nobles were the two engaged. Claude was heir presumptive to the Duchy of Brittany through her mother, Anne of Brittany. Following Anne's death, the marriage took place on 18 May 1514. On 1 January 1515, Louis died, and Francis inherited the throne. He was crowned King of France in the Cathedral of Reims on 25 January 1515, with Claude as his queen consort.
Reign
As Francis was receiving his education, ideas emerging from the Italian Renaissance were influential in France. Some of his tutors, such as François de Moulins de Rochefort (his Latin instructor, who later during the reign of Francis was named Grand Aumônier de France) and Christophe de Longueil (a Brabantian humanist), were attracted by these new ways of thinking and attempted to influence Francis. His academic education had been in arithmetic, geography, grammar, history, reading, spelling, and writing and he became proficient in Hebrew, Italian, Latin and Spanish. Francis came to learn chivalry, dancing, and music, and he loved archery, falconry, horseback riding, hunting, jousting, real tennis and wrestling. He ended up reading philosophy and theology and he was fascinated with art, literature, poetry and science. His mother, who had a high admiration for Italian Renaissance art, passed this interest on to her son. Although Francis did not receive a humanist education, he was more influenced by humanism than any previous French king.
Patron of the arts
By the time he ascended the throne in 1515, the Renaissance had arrived in France, and Francis became an enthusiastic patron of the arts. At the time of his accession, the royal palaces of France were ornamented with only a scattering of great paintings, and not a single sculpture, not ancient nor modern.
Francis patronized many great artists of his time, including Andrea del Sarto and Leonardo da Vinci; the latter of whom was persuaded to make France his home during his last years. While da Vinci painted very little during his years in France, he brought with him many of his greatest works, including the Mona Lisa (known in France as La Joconde), and these remained in France after his death. Other major artists to receive Francis' patronage included the goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini and the painters Rosso Fiorentino, Giulio Romano, and Primaticcio, all of whom were employed in decorating Francis' various palaces. He also invited architect Sebastiano Serlio, who enjoyed a fruitful late career in France. Francis also commissioned a number of agents in Italy to procure notable works of art and ship them to France.
Man of letters
Francis was also renowned as a man of letters. When he comes up in a conversation among characters in Baldassare Castiglione's Book of the Courtier, it is as the great hope to bring culture to the war-obsessed French nation. Not only did Francis support a number of major writers of the period, but he was also a poet himself, if not one of particular abilities. Francis worked diligently at improving the royal library. He appointed the great French humanist Guillaume Budé as chief librarian and began to expand the collection. Francis employed agents in Italy to look for rare books and manuscripts, just as he had agents looking for artworks. During his reign, the size of the library greatly increased. Not only did he expand the library, but there is also evidence that he read the books he bought for it, a much rarer event in the royal annals. Francis set an important precedent by opening his library to scholars from around the world in order to facilitate the diffusion of knowledge.
In 1537, Francis signed the Ordonnance de Montpellier, which decreed that his library be given a copy of every book to be sold in France. Francis' older sister, Marguerite, Queen of Navarre, was also an accomplished writer who produced the classic collection of short stories known as the Heptameron. Francis corresponded with the abbess and philosopher Claude de Bectoz, of whose letters he was so fond that he would carry them around and show them to the ladies of his court. Together with his sister, he visited her in Tarascon.
Construction
Francis poured vast amounts of money into new structures. He continued the work of his predecessors on the Château d'Amboise and also started renovations on the Château de Blois. Early in his reign, he began construction of the magnificent Château de Chambord, inspired by the architectural styles of the Italian Renaissance, and perhaps even designed by Leonardo da Vinci. Francis rebuilt the Louvre Palace, transforming it from a medieval fortress into a building of Renaissance splendour. He financed the building of a new City Hall (the Hôtel de Ville) for Paris in order to have control over the building's design. He constructed the Château de Madrid in the Bois de Boulogne and rebuilt the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The largest of Francis' building projects was the reconstruction and expansion of the Château de Fontainebleau, which quickly became his favourite place of residence, as well as the residence of his official mistress, Anne, Duchess of Étampes.
Military action
Although the Italian Wars (1494–1559) came to dominate the reign of Francis I, which he constantly participate at the forefront as le Roi-Chevalier, the wars were not the sole focus of his policies. He merely continued the wars that he succeeded from his predecessors and that his heir and successor on the throne, Henry II of France, would inherit after Francis' death. Indeed, the Italian Wars had begun when Milan sent a plea to King Charles VIII of France for protection against the aggressive actions of the King of Naples. Militarily and diplomatically, the reign of Francis I was a mixed bag of success and failure. Francis I tried and failed to become Holy Roman Emperor at the Imperial election of 1519, primarily due to his adversary Charles having threatened the electors with violence. However, there were also temporary victories, such as in the portion of the Italian Wars called the War of the League of Cambrai (1508–1516) and, more specifically, to the final stage of that war, which history refers to simply as "Francis' First Italian War" (1515–1516), when Francis routed the combined forces of the Papal States and the Old Swiss Confederacy at Marignano on 13–15 September 1515. This grand victory at Marignano allowed Francis I to capture the Italian city-state of Duchy of Milan. However, in November 1521, during the Four Years' War (1521–1526) and facing the advancing Imperial forces of the Holy Roman Empire and open revolt within Milan, Francis I was forced to abandon Milan.
Much of the military activity of Francis's reign was focused on his sworn enemy, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Francis and Charles maintained an intense personal rivalry. Charles, in fact, brashly dared to challenge Francis to single combat multiple times. In addition to the Holy Roman Empire, Charles personally ruled Spain, Austria, and a number of smaller possessions neighbouring France. He was thus a constant threat to Francis I's kingdom.
Francis I attempted to arrange an alliance with Henry VIII at the famous meeting at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520, but despite a lavish fortnight of diplomacy they failed to reach an agreement. Francis I and Henry VIII both shared the dreams of power and chivalric glory; however their relationship featured intense personal and dynastic rivalry. Francis I was driven by his intense eagerness to retake Milan, despite the strong opposition of other powers. Henry VIII was likewise determined to recapture northern France, which Francis I could not allow.
However, the situation was grave; Francis I had to face not only the whole might of Western Europe, but also the internal hostility in form of Charles III de Bourbon, a capable commander who fought alongside Francis I as his constable at the great battle of Marignano, but defected to Charles V after his conflict with Francis I's mother over inheritance of Bourbon estates. Despite all this, the Kingdom of France still held the balance of power in its favour. Nevertheless, the defeat suffered from the cataclystic battle of Pavia on 24 February 1525, during part of the continuing Italian Wars known as the Four Years' War upheaved the political ground of Europe. He was actually taken prisoner: Cesare Hercolani injured his horse, and Francis I himself was subsequently captured by Charles de Lannoy. Some claims he was captured by Diego Dávila, Alonso Pita da Veiga, and Juan de Urbieta, from Guipúzcoa. For this reason, Hercolani was named "Victor of the battle of Pavia". Zuppa alla Pavese was supposedly invented on the spot to feed the captive king after the battle.
Francis I was held captive morbidly in Madrid. In a letter to his mother, he wrote, "Of all things, nothing remains to me but honour and life, which is safe." This line has come down in history famously as "All is lost save honour." Francis I was compelled to make major concessions to Charles in the Treaty of Madrid (1526), signed on 14 January, before he was freed on 17 March. An ultimatum from Ottoman Sultan Suleiman to Charles additionally played a role in his release. Francis I was forced to surrender any claims to Naples and Milan in Italy. Francis I was forced to recognised the independence of the Duchy of Burgundy, which had been part of France since the death of Charles the Bold in 1477. And finally, Francis I was betrothed to Charles' sister Eleanor. Francis I returned to France in exchange for his two sons, Francis and Henry, Duke of Orléans, the future Henry II of France, but once he was free he revoked the forced concessions as his agreement with Charles was made under duress. He also proclaimed that the agreement was void because his sons were taken hostage with the implication that his word alone could not be trusted. Thus he firmly repudiated it. A renewed alliance with England enabled Francis to repudiate the treaty of Madrid.
Francis persevered in his rivalry against Charles and his intent to control Italy. By the mid-1520s, Pope Clement VII wished to liberate Italy from foreign domination, especially that of Charles, so he allied with Venice to form the League of Cognac. Francis joined the League in May 1526, in the War of the League of Cognac of 1526–30. Francis' allies proved weak, and the war was ended by the Treaty of Cambrai (1529; "the Peace of the Ladies", negotiated by Francis’ mother and Charles’ aunt).The two princes were released, and Francis married Eleanor.
On 24 July 1534, Francis, inspired by the Spanish tercios and the Roman legions, issued an edict to form seven infantry Légions of 6,000 troops each, of which 12,000 of 42,000 were arquebusiers, testifying to the growing importance of gunpowder. The force was a national standing army, where any soldier could be promoted on the basis of vacancies, were paid wages by grade and granted exemptions from the taille and other taxes up to 20 sous, a heavy burden on the state budget.
After the League of Cognac failed, Francis concluded a secret alliance with the Landgrave of Hesse on 27 January 1534. This was directed against Charles on the pretext of assisting the Duke of Württemberg to regain his traditional seat, from which Charles had removed him in 1519. Francis also obtained the help of the Ottoman Empire and after the death of Francesco II Sforza, ruler of Milan, renewed the contest in Italy in the Italian War of 1536–1538. This round of fighting, which had little result, was ended by the Truce of Nice. The agreement collapsed, however, which led to Francis' final attempt on Italy in the Italian War of 1542–1546. Francis I managed to hold off the forces of Charles and Henry VIII. Charles was forced to sign the Treaty of Crépy because of his financial difficulties and conflicts with the Schmalkaldic League.
This view shows (clockwise, from left) STS-125 Mission Specialist 3 (MS3) John Grunsfeld, MS2 Megan McArthur, MS4 Mike Massimino, MS5 Andrew Feustel, and MS1 Michael Good posing for a photo in Atlantis' airlock after the completion of the fifth session of extravehicular activity (EVA5). Grunsfeld and Feustel are attired in their Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuits.
Credit: NASA
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Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Road, Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharashtra［India］
◼︎Architecture
Architect: Gajanan B. Mhatre
Completion: 1936-43
Art Deco
We started using the new kitchen today, although we haven't moved everything into it yet. The last paint went on the walls (around the windows) last night, and all the drawers are in. We are still waiting for hinges for the cabinet doors, but that's about it.
Rising Sum Motor Inn
Going-to-the-Sun Road at St. Mary Lake; Glacier National Park, Montana
Glacier National Park was established in 1910, when the first wave of tourists viewed the park via horseback, boat and hiking. Rising Sun Motor Inn was part of the second wave of tourism with the completion of the Going-to-the-Sun Road in 1933. Rising Sun Motor Inn has had several names; Rising Sun Auto Camp, Roes Creek Auto Camp, and East Glacier Auto Camp. All names reference the automobile. The facilities were developed for the auto-borne tourists who could traverse the park using the Going-to-the-Sun Road. The location overlooks Saint Mary Lake, the second largest lake in the park. One of the most popular spots for visitors to Glacier National Park is Rising Sun, an overlook of Goose Island in St. Mary Lake and likely the most photographed spot in the park.
By 1940, under increasing pressure from the NPS for more spartan, inexpensive facilities where tipping, dress codes and lavish furnishings were not required, the Glacier Park Hotel Co. began construction of the Roes Creek Auto Camp, later renamed the East Glacier Auto Camp and finally (1950) the Rising Sun Auto Camp. This facility was designed by Great Northern's Hotel Company and approved by NPS.
Rising Sun facilities included a general store, built in 1941 by the Great Northern's Glacier Park Hotel Company, surrounded by log tourist cabins and laundry house. Located 7 miles from the east entrance to Glacier National Park, Rising Sun grew as wayside area that now includes a National Park Service campground, gift shop, restaurant, motel rooms and boat dock on St. Mary's Lake. The modern era restaurant/lobby building was built in 1965. As of 2014 the guest facilities, exluding the campground and boat dock, are managed by the concessionaire Xanterra Parks & Resorts.
Great Northern Railway affiliate Glacier Park Hotel Company constructed and operated the grand park lodges within Glacier National Park from 1910 to 1961. The lodges were built to serve tourists who arrived via Great Northern's passenger trains. The Oriental Limited was Great Northern's passenger train between Chicago and Seattle (70 hour trip). It was the premiere train on its route until 1929 when the Empire Builder started. With new equipment and fewer stops the Empire Builder made the run in 45 hours. Amtrak has operated the Empire Builder since 1971.
The Glacier Park Lodge was built in 1913 adjacent to the Great Northern Depot in East Glacier Park, Montana. The largest was the Many Glacier Hotel, which opened in 1915. The landmark Prince of Wales Hotel in Waterton was completed in 1927, and in 1930 the company was contracted to operate the privately constructed Lake McDonald Hotel. The grand lodges were supplemented by the construction of motel-styled Swiftcurrent Motor Inn and Rising Sun Motor Inn, which were completed in the 1940s to serve Glacie Park's automobile travelers.
With only a 100-day season, and with automobiles reducing the demand for rail travel, Great Northern claims it was losing $500,000 a year on the Glacier hotels. In 1961 Great Northern's Glacier Park Hotel Company sold the Glacier and Waterton concession operations to Don Hummel for $1.4 million. Hummel, a former Tucson mayor and Arizona businessman formed "Glacier Park, Inc." to operate the concessions. GPI received a 20-year concession contract from the National Park Service. Hummel was a Flying Tiger in World War II. As a college student he was a seasonal ranger at Grand Canyon and Lassen Volcanic national parks. He served three terms as mayor of Tucson. In addition to Glacier National Park he had ownership in 2 other national park concession companies - Lassen and Mt. McKinley.
Hummel sold the lodges and motels at the conclusion of its 20 year contract in 1981 to Greyhound Food Management of Phoenix later known as Viad Corporation. Hummel stated "It's been a constant battle attempting to not only pay off the facilities, but to try to upgrade them as well."
In 2013 the Park Service awarded a 16 year concession right for lodging and transportation within Glacier Park to the Xanterra Corporation. Glacier Park Inc., had held the Glacier contract for 32 years since 1981. Xanterra Parks and Resorts took control from Viad Lake McDonald Lodge, Many Glacier Hotel, the Rising Sun and Swiftcureen Motor Inns, and the Red buses. Viad continues to own and operate facilities outside of Glacier National Park, including - Glacier Park Lodge, St. Mary Lodge, and the Prince of Wales Hotel.
In keeping with the era in which Rising Sun Motor Inn's 72 rooms were built, there are no televisions, air conditioning or in-room telephones. However, there are private bathrooms in all guest rooms.
Note: I worked at Rising Sun Motor Inn during the summers of 1967 and 1968. In 1967 I worked as a dish washer, busboy, gift shop attendant and gas station attendant. In 1968 I worked as a desk clerk and as the relief night auditor. LeRoy Wright was our General Manager for both summers. He was the recently retired general manager at the Paso del Norte Hotel in El Paso, TX. Nora Hullings for our chef. Mr & Mrs. Hal Goerz managed the gift shop. Some of my co-workers were Bill Williams, Tom Quail, Tom Amacker, Louis Kawalski, Barb Low, Neil Gerdes, Joe Peek, Karen Willis, and Luci Malone. On the night of Aug. 12, 1967, (known as Night of the Grizzlies) two glacier park employess were mauled to death by two seperate grizzlies at two different locations - Granite Park Campground and Trout Lake Campground. The official address of Rising Sun Motor Inn is: 500 feet north of Going-to-the-Sun Road at St. Mary Lake; Glacier National Park, Montana.
compiled by Dick Johnson, June 2018
The year is 1979, and my cafe racer nears completion. I've already fitted a Gt500 disc front end, along with Dunstall rearsets, a Seeley 6 gallon tank, a Maxton seat and clubmans bars. Still to come, were ported barrells, Barton heads, and a Dresda box swing arm.
My other T500M lurks in the background......and I'm pleased to say I still have both of these bikes !
The SR 167 Completion Project in Fife, WA reaches a major milestone in July 2023, when work begins on restoring and realigning Hylebos Creek as it makes it way toward Commencement Bay.
Before restoration and realignment work can begin, biologists must catch and relocate all the fish in the stream so they're not harmed by this work. This is known as "de-fishing."
In this photo, the environmental experts are setting up a fine meshed screen in the stream. This keeps fish on one side or the other. Once the screen is in place, they'll walk downstream dragging another net, but not actively catching fish. They're trying to shoo the fish downstream and out of the area. It's less stressful for the fish if they can leave under their own steam. After a couple hundred feet, they'll set up a second fine-meshed net, essentially creating an area where fish can't get in or out. Then the crew will begin actively de-fishing the area between the two nets, looking for fish to catch and relocate.
Realigning Hylebos Creek is one part of a much larger and unique environmental mitigation program that we're doing as part of the SR 167 Completion Project.
Decades ago, areas on either side of I-5 at the Fife curve were converted to industrial and agricultural use, turning this area into a shadow of its former self. Hylebos Creek, for example, was diverted into ditches that followed straight lines and ran too close to I-5, allowing runoff from the road to enter the creek. Heavy rains led to chronic flooding on I-5 because the wetlands that used to act as a storage area for floodwater were gone. In addition to restoring the creek and making it more inviting to fish, especially Chinook and coho salmon, we'll also restore wetlands on the east side of I-5. In all, nearly 150 acres of wetlands and streams will be revitalized.
The SR 167 Completion project, along with restoring this vital habitat is part of WSDOT’s Puget Sound Gateway Program which completes critical links in Washington’s highway and freight network. It will build an important new connection to the Port of Tacoma, improve the movement of freight and reduce congestion on local roads and highways.
A touch of old Hollywood meets modern chic. This home came with extra personality in each space. We had fun creating her vision and the results were nothing short of glamorous!
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear. Keenan spent much of his day discussing his art to area children who came to the campus to see him work.
Completion of the reconstruction of RMA 37 at Shaftesbury, and its first day in service, leaving the Verwood Transport yard and taking up its duties from the Jessica Avenue terminus in Verwood; seen also in service at Christchurch.
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.
The completion of the work to rehabilitate seven stations along the D Line in Brooklyn was marked on August 2, 2012, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by MTA leaders and local elected officials.
We installed great new artwork at each of the seven stations. Here are details for the artwork shown in this image and its location.
Bay Parkway -
Artist: Xin Song
Title: Tree Of Life
Date: 2012
Medium: Laminated glass
Location: Mezzanine window
Fabricator: Depp Glass, Inc.
Xin Song’s artwork will be located in the mezzanine window at the Bay Parkway Station. Entitled “Tree of Life,” Song's work is a combination of contemporary photo collage and traditional Chinese paper cuts to evoke the historic status of the Bay Parkway Station. Her work features colorful imagery, intricate patterns, and symmetry. The work can be viewed from two sides. A black silhouette seen from the outside of the window creates a graphic filigree reminiscent of Brooklyn’s historic iron work; while from the mezzanine the same design will be cut from Song’s photographs of contemporary life in the neighborhood. In the medium of glass, the work will become the center of attention upon entering this particular station, and echo the surrounding Asian-American community that has blossomed in recent years.
For more information about art throughout the New York transit system, download the Meridian app.
Photo: MTA Arts for Transit and Urban Design.
Work is nearing completion at Bldg 23 at Longare, Italy. The completed building is designed for Soldiers to repair and maintain vehicles. The building will house a maintenance pit, vehicle lift, communication room, and air compressor. Renovation included expansion of the existing bathroom and shower. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers oversaw the contract to install new fire sprinkler detection and alarm sysstem, repair and upgrade the vehicle exhaust system, replace overhead doors with folding doors and paint building interior. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers photo by Carol E. Davis)
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear. Keenan spent much of his day discussing his art to area children who came to the campus to see him work.
Des Moines, Iowa-based artist Gary Keenan moved nearer to completion on his bear carving in front of Wingo Hall at the University of Central Arkansas on Thursday. The large carving, done with a myriad of chainsaws, will be receiving a coat of stain to make its coloring closer to that of an actual bear.