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The 9K31 Strela-1 (Russian: 9К31 «Стрела-1» English: Arrow) is a Highly Mobile, Short-Range, Low Altitude Infra-Red Guided Surface-to-Air Missile System. Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K31, it is commonly known by its NATO reporting name ''SA-9 Gaskin''. The system consists of a BRDM-2 Amphibious Vehicle, mounting two pairs of Ready-to-Fire 9M31 Missiles.
The SA-9 Gaskin is a Short Range, Low Altitude Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile Carrying System based on the BRDM-2 amphibious chassis. The vehicle carries four SA-9 SAM (Surface-to-Air Missile) launchers on a revolving mount in place of the machine gun turret. The missiles are usually fired in pairs to increase the kill probability. The Driver and Commander both have infra-red vision systems and the vehicle has standard NBC (nuclear, biological chemical) protection, including overpressure. Weighing in at 6.8 tons and with a crew of 3 (Commander, Gunner and Driver) it first entered service in 1968 and was manufactured in Russia by the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod.
ARMAMENT:
Each SA-9 Gaskin carries four ready-to fire 70lb Mach 1.5 ‘Strela-1’ solid fuel Surface-to-Air Missiles, at 3ft 10in long and 4.7in in diameter with a wing span of 1ft 2in it carries a 5.7lb HE fragmentation warhead and proximity fuse and has a lethal radius of 16ft 4in and a damage radius of 25ft and has a range of 2,952ft 9in to 13,779ft 6in but typically carries no missiles for reloading which is performed manually and usually takes approximately 5 minutes.
ENGINE:
The SA-9 Gaskin is fitted with a GAZ 41 V8 water cooled petrol engine producing 140bhp at 3,400 rpm and is coupled to a gearbox with four forward and one reverse gears, giving the vehicle a top speed of 62mph on the road and 6.2mph in water.
ROLE:
The SA-9 Gaskin was designed as a Close Support Vehicle for Troops and Tanks against an airstrike, it fired a short-range, low altitude, infrared guided surface-to-air missile.
General characteristics:
▪︎Type: Vehicle-Mounted Surface-to-Air Missile System
▪︎Place of Origin: Soviet Union
▪︎In Service: 1968 to present
▪︎Conflicts: Arab–Israeli Wars / Western Sahara War / Yugoslav Wars / South African Border War / Lebanon Wars / Iran–Iraq War / Gulf War / 2003 Invasion of Iraq / Syrian Civil War / Yemeni Civil War (2015 to present)
▪︎Designer: OKB-16 Design Bureau (now the Moscow-based KB Tochmash Design Bureau of Precision Engineering)
▪︎Manufacturer: Soviet state factories
▪︎Produced: 1966
▪︎Variants: 9K31 / CA-95
▪︎Mass: 6.8 tons / Length: 19ft / Width: 7ft 10in / Height: 7ft 6in (travelling)
▪︎Crew: 3 (Commander / Gunner / Driver)
▪︎Armour: 5 mm to 14 mm
▪︎Main Armament: 4 x 9M31 (or 9M31M) Surface-to-Air Missiles
▪︎Guidance System: Infrared homing
▪︎Powerplant: GAZ 41 V-8 water-cooled petrol engine, 140hp at 3,400 rpm
▪︎Power / Weight: 2 hp / ton
▪︎Ground Clearance: 1ft 4in
▪︎Fuel Capacity: 64 imperial gallons
▪︎Operational Range: 466 miles
▪︎Maximum Speed: 62 mph road / 6.2 mph water.
Sourced from:
The Rotor programme was developed to advance the wartime radar technology in detecting and locating fast-flying jets. It was approved by the Air Council in June 1950. The first stage of the programme, Rotor 1, was to technically restore existing Chain Home, centrimetric early warning, Chain Home Extra Low and Ground Controlled Interception Stations and put them under the control of RAF Fighter Command. There were three main components to the Rotor Stations: the technical site, including the radars, operation blocks and other installations; the domestic site, where personnel were accommodated; and the stand-by set house, a reserve power supply. The technical site for RAF Neatishead Rotor Station was located at TG 346 184. Crew were accommodated at RAF Coltishall and the stand-by set house was located at TG 342 200.
The two main constructions at Rotor stations were the operations block and guardhouse. Operations blocks were the largest structures built at Rotor stations. They were constructed of reinforced concrete and designed to withstand 2,000lb bombs. The outer walls and roof of the Rotor operations blocks were 9ft 10in thick and the internal walls between 5.9in to 1ft 11in metres wide. The exterior was coated with an asphalt damp course and surrounded by a 5.9in brick wall. The roof was usually flush with the ground surface and up to 14 ft 2in of earth was mounded on top. The operations blocks, identified by a 'R' prefix, contained technical equipment, domestic facilities, workshops and a plant for air conditioning and gas filtration, all within a single complex.
Four of the blocks (R1-R4) were underground constructions designed for the more vulnerable sites on the east and south-east coasts. Others were semi-submerged (R6) or above ground (R5, R7-R11) heavily protected structures built to withstand 1,000lb bombs. The guardhouses were designed to resemble ''bungalows''. They were single-storey buildings capped with a flat, concrete roof, above which a pitched roof contained water tanks. They were generally constructed of brick, but were built to blend in with the local architectural style. The guard rooms also contained an armoury, store, rest room and lavatories. Those associated with underground operations blocks featured a projecting rear annex that housed a stairwell leading down to an access tunnel.
Aerial photography from 1965 shows the R3 operations bunker at the site, as well as a Type 13, a Type 7 and four Type 14 radar plinths. A range of ancillary buildings survive. The area is part of an active base and museum. In March 1947 the station was established as a Sector Operations Centre. Between 1961 to 1963 the station was reduced to care and maintenance and was then reopened as a Master Radar Station. A fire in 1966 destroyed the underground operations complex and the station was closed until 1974 with a new data-handling system occupying the original Happidrome. In 1994 the Air Defence Radar Museum opened at the site, which also continues to serve as an operational base.
Personal experience of working at Neatishead communicated by email states ''I was posted there as a sgt in 1973 and it was fully operational, T85, T84, HF200 and more all working. Furthermore, the other half of my Locking entry was posted there in 1971 and all worked on the operational radars, txs and rxs. I left in 1976 and visited again in 1977. T85, stuff of legends, 60Mw with all 12 Txs running''. Detailed history of the 50 years of the founding of RAF Neatishead 1941-1991. R30 operations room, R12 Radar equipment building and R3 underground operations block; Listed. For the designation records of this site please see The National Heritage List for England. Decommissioned 2006 and sold. Feb 2013, 25 acres of the site were again sold. The Air Defence Radar Museum was not part of the sale.
Information sourced from — www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?ui...
On one of the trips to the Northeastern Switzerland, I rented a car to explore a broader area. If my memory is correct, I did this trip in the early Fall, when it was quite cold but there hadn't been snow to cover the passes (many of the passes are only open in the summer.) (I don't know why I had left the car door open.)
Pictures in this set (Military Years) are from when I was in the military, from 1967-1970. All photos were originally slides, a friend spent very many hours restoring those slides to being viewable. Best viewed as part of the Military Years set.
The personal details of the GST mitgliedbuch issued to an Uwe Schwarzer (pronounced ‘oovay' schvartser’), born on 10 January 1961, joining the GST when he was seventeen on 1 November 1978. A Communist version of the MPCT, the GST (Gesellschaft fur Sport Und Technik or Society for Sports and Technology) was compulsory for all young people in East Germany if they wanted a career or to go to university.
As for Uve Schwarzer, the rest of his book is blank. Don’t ask me why; either he was booted out, decided not to go ahead with his training or he defected but his photo is there as you can see, as is the section that he chose to go into, which was motorsport. I think the date on which the book was issued was 6 November 1978, I don't know because it's not that fucking legible!
De Historische Collectie Grondgebonden Luchtverdediging (HCGLVD, voorheen HVGLVD) is ontstaan door samenvoeging van de Historische Verzameling Luchtdoelartilleriematerieel (Ede) en de traditiekamer van de Groep Geleide Wapens (Luchtmachtbasis De Peel).
De collectie biedt een overzicht van de ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis van de grondgebonden luchtverdediging vanaf 1915 tot heden.
De collectie is ondergebracht in twee hallen, tevens is er een buitenexpositie. Voor de medewerkers is er een gebouw met kantoren, een vergaderzaal en een werkplaats. Bezoekers kunnen zelfstandig alles bekijken en via de multimediazuilen extra informatie krijgen over de getoonde collectiestukken.
De Historische Collectie Grondgebonden Luchtverdediging (HCGLVD, voorheen HVGLVD) is ontstaan door samenvoeging van de Historische Verzameling Luchtdoelartilleriematerieel (Ede) en de traditiekamer van de Groep Geleide Wapens (Luchtmachtbasis De Peel).
De collectie biedt een overzicht van de ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis van de grondgebonden luchtverdediging vanaf 1915 tot heden.
De collectie is ondergebracht in twee hallen, tevens is er een buitenexpositie. Voor de medewerkers is er een gebouw met kantoren, een vergaderzaal en een werkplaats. Bezoekers kunnen zelfstandig alles bekijken en via de multimediazuilen extra informatie krijgen over de getoonde collectiestukken.
Hungarian Revolutionary display at the VPL
"1:6 scale T-34-85 tank model representing a vehicle captured by Hungarian rebels. Revolutionary insignia and patriotic slogans were often hand-painted by the insurgents.
The figures represent 1950s Hungarian civilians, military personnel and police officers."
The Kelvedon Nuclear Bunker
Hidden in a wood off the A128 Ongar - Brentwood Road, is a small bungalow which hides a big secret. Behind it lies a three floored bunker complex in which 600 people would have been confined behind blast proof doors in the event of a nuclear war.
The deep, 125 foot, bunker was built in 1952/3 as part of Rotor, an urgent government building programme to improve Britain's air defence network. The bunker was the Sector Operations Command for the RAF Fighter Command. Known as SOC - R4, it was to provide command and control of the London Sector of Fighter Command.
Once into the bungalow, it leads to a 100 yard tunnel before you are in the bunker itself. Above you are two more floors, the 'hill' which covers it, and a radio mast, one of two, which would have been vital for communications.
The reason for the bunker was to take on a far more potentially catastrophic role in the 1960's. Because of the threat of nuclear war the bunker became the regional government bunker for London. The aim of the bunker was that it was to be one of the government administration centres communicating with the many other smaller bunkers situated throughout the country, organising the country after a nuclear attack.
GLOSTER JAVELIN FAW.9R -
The Javelin was the world’s first twin jet delta-wing fighter. It was designed for long endurance flights to intercept enemy bombers at high altitudes and at high subsonic speeds. Electronic and radar devices gave it an all-weather, night and day, operational capability; it entered RAF service in February 1956. The final operational variant was the F(AW).9R with a 20ft, detachable in-flight refuelling probe high on the starboard side of the forward fuselage - not present on the museums aircraft. Changes also included fitting an autopilot, and jet-pipes fitted with variable-area nozzles.
XH892 -
Built originally as an R(AW).7, the aircraft was stored at 5 MU Kemble from April 1958 to July 1959 before conversion to F(AW).9 (F/R) standard. It joined 23 Squadron at RAF Coltishall, Norfolk, in 1960 and flight refuelling was practiced by this unit with the Valiants of 214 Squadron at Marham. In 1962 the squadron moved briefly to Horsham St Faith, with conversion to FAW.9R standard and modification to carry four 230 gallon drop tanks, before returning to Coltishall. It was briefly deployed to Singapore, then to Leuchars, Scotland, before joining 64 Squadron at Binbrook in October 1964, and then in 1965 to 29 Squadron in Cyprus. Whilst with the latter, it was deployed for nine months in support of the Zambian Government against neighbouring Rhodesia who had declared UDI. By 1967, the aircraft was in storage at 27 MU Shawbury but was then allocated to the RAF Museum as instructional airframe 7982M, going to its reserve collection at RAF Colerne, it was there from 1973 until the site closed down. The aircraft was sold in 1976 and moved to the Imperial War Museum Duxford airfield, and finally came to the Norfolk & Suffolk Aviation Museum in 1983.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION -
▪︎Year Built: 1958
▪︎Manufacturer: Armstrong Whitworth
▪︎Purpose: All-weather interceptor fighter
▪︎Crew: 2
▪︎Powerplant: 2 x Bristol Siddeley Sapphire turbojets, 11,000 lb thrust - 13,390 lb with reheat
▪︎Armament: 2 x fixed 30mm ADEN cannons in the wings, plus four De Havilland Firestreak missiles or four packs of 37 x 2 in rockets
▪︎Maximum Speed: 620 mph
▪︎Service Ceiling: 49,500 ft
▪︎Range: 930 miles
▪︎Wing Span: 52 ft
▪︎Length: 56 ft 9 ins
▪︎Height: 16 ft 3 in
▪︎Gross Weight: 42,930 lb.
Information from the Norfolk & Suffolk Aviation Museum.
A Cold War gas mask.
50 years after the Cuban Missile Crisis, the National Museum of Flight will take you back in time to experience what life was like in the middle of the Cold War.
Find out more about the Cold War Experience here.
A display of official Government leaflets on what do in the event of nuclear war, as well as protest material by CND and other anti-nuclear groups.
View into East Berlin over the Berlin Wall. Believe this photo is from 1980, as I can remember this place very clearly, but will verify the date. Taken by my father.
Douglas EA-3B at the National Vigilance Park memorial commemorating the sacrifices made by American electronic reconnaissance aircrews during the Cold War. Outside of NSA headquarters in Laurel, MD.
The Leavenworth Series: A Military History of the Cold War
The Onset of the Cold War
with Sean Kalic
Thursday, February 16, 2012 3:00 p.m. at the Dole Institute
Sean Kalic is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Military History at the U.S. Army's Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He is the author of Combating a Modern Hydra: AI Qaeda and the Global War on Terrorism, as well as the chapter "Blurring the Une Between War and Peace: The United States and AI Qaeda in the Global War on Terrorism," in At War for Peace, edited by Mohammad Forough.
Prior to joining the faculty at CGSC, he taught at Norwich University and Kansas State University. He received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Denver; Master of Science in Defense and Strategic Studies from Missouri State University; Master of Arts in History from Youngstown State University, and a PhD from Kansas State University, where he studied modern United States History and Military, History.
The Leavenworth Series: A Military History of the Cold War is an exciting new series that will be a fascinating and in-depth look at the historical actions and events that fueled the Cold War. The Cold War lasted roughly 50 years and spanned a dynamic and tense time in the context of international history. The programs will offer an inside look at the key tactics and pivotal decisions that shaped these world-defining events. But beyond simply focusing on the strategic thermonuclear dynamic between the United States and the Soviet Union, the lecture series will highlight this ideological contest's global nature by providing insights into hot spots such as Cuba, Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan.
Lecture available: www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ9zMoQg_So
If any visitor to Hack Green were allowed to have a go of this, then it would be the most deafening exhibit ever - it's a hand-cranked warning siren, probably from World War II and would have been used to warn of an air raid or, in the case of the Cold War, a nuclear attack.
I think you can buy these on eBay but I'll give it a miss because not only would the price be in Earth orbit but if I used one of these half of fucking South Liverpool would hear, to say nothing of giving anyone who remembered the war a fucking heart attack!
These images are from the 'Let Freedom Ring' calendar produced by the La Guardia and Wagner Archives/CUNY. For more images from the Archives' several collections, go to www.laguardiawagnerarchive.lagcc.cuny.edu
The Angel Flight Annual BBQ occurs in June every year at the Byron Airport in California to benefit the organization. This year it was hosted by Randy Howell in the Patriots Jet Team’s hangar where participants were able to get up close and personal with the aircraft and talk to the team members about their role in the organization.
More information for both organizations can be found at www.angelflightwest.org and patriotsjetteam.com which as their scheduled appearances.
The Kelvedon Nuclear Bunker
Hidden in a wood off the A128 Ongar - Brentwood Road, is a small bungalow which hides a big secret. Behind it lies a three floored bunker complex in which 600 people would have been confined behind blast proof doors in the event of a nuclear war.
The deep, 125 foot, bunker was built in 1952/3 as part of Rotor, an urgent government building programme to improve Britain's air defence network. The bunker was the Sector Operations Command for the RAF Fighter Command. Known as SOC - R4, it was to provide command and control of the London Sector of Fighter Command.
Once into the bungalow, it leads to a 100 yard tunnel before you are in the bunker itself. Above you are two more floors, the 'hill' which covers it, and a radio mast, one of two, which would have been vital for communications.
The reason for the bunker was to take on a far more potentially catastrophic role in the 1960's. Because of the threat of nuclear war the bunker became the regional government bunker for London. The aim of the bunker was that it was to be one of the government administration centres communicating with the many other smaller bunkers situated throughout the country, organising the country after a nuclear attack.
CZK - vz. ČS (57 mm PL kanón) -
57mm PLK čs - Czechoslovakian made anti-aircraft gun. Developed by ŠKODA Plzeň, gradually put into service from 1950 (1952) with the PVOS anti-aircraft regiments (PVO strany protivovozdushnaya oborona strany)
It was designed to destroy aerial targets at altitudes up to 6,000m with data from the SON-9A gunnery radar and the EUZ-2 gunnery computer (SRP). Targets can also be searched for with an optical sight to an altitude of 3,600m. Shooting at ground targets by direct aiming is possible up to a range of 4,000m.
The basic firing unit is a pl battery -
▪︎6-8 pcs PLK - Anti-aircraft guns
▪︎RL SON-9A - ''Fire Can'' Gunnery Radar
▪︎Optical rangefinder DJA-6 - Laser range finder
▪︎SRP EUZ-2 - Gunnery computer
▪︎EC APG-15
The 57mm PLK was later replaced by the Soviet 57mm PLK S-60, the last pieces were retired from the CSLa arsenal in the 1970's.
Specifications -
▪︎Name: 57mm PLK čs
▪︎Producer: Závody V.I. Lenina, n.p. Plzeň
▪︎Production: 1950's
▪︎Number Produced: 219 (prototyp, 18 ks nultej série a 200 ks sériovej produkcie?)
▪︎Prototype Built: 3rd March 1949 označenie výrobcu / production mark R8
▪︎Crew: 1 + 5
▪︎Combat Weight: 10,902 lb
▪︎Manoeuvre Weight: 11,133
▪︎Calibre: 2,24 in
▪︎Barrel Length: 13 ft 1,47 in
▪︎Overall Length: 27 ft 0,8 in
▪︎Overall Width: 6 ft 5,36 in
▪︎Overall Height: 6 ft 3,59 in
▪︎Elevation: -5° - 85°
▪︎Traverse: 360°
▪︎Manoeuvre Speed: 37.3 mph
▪︎Ammunition: 57-JOSv-PLKčs / 57-JONhSv-PLKčs
▪︎Performance: 47,572 ft 2 in - max. range / 33,464 ft 6 in - max. ceiling / 7000 m (max. ceiling with selfdestruction)
▪︎Maximum Range: 6000m (effective range against air targets, use computer) / 3600m (effective range against air targets, use optical sight) / 4000 m (affective range against land targets)
▪︎Rate of Fire: 170-180
▪︎Muzzle Velocity: 985 m/s
▪︎User States: Czechoslovakia.
Information sourced from -