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ANTONIA, mother of Claudius, † AD 39. Denarius posthumous, struck by Claudius, Lyon, about 41-42. AR 3.74 g. ANTONIA - AVGVSTA Draped bust r., crowned with ears of corn, hair fastened in a long plait at the back. Rev. CONSTANTIAE - AVGVSTI Constantia, wearing long dress and cloak, standing facing, head turned r., holding cornucopiae in her l. hand, long torch with her r. hand. RIC 124, 66. C. 2. BN II, 81, 13. Rare.
Gaius (Caligula). AD 37-41. Æ Sestertius (27.94 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck AD 37-38. C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT, laureate head left / ADLOCVT COH, Gaius standing left on daïs with camp chair behind, addressing five soldiers standing right, holding parazonia and shields; four aquilae behind. RIC I 32; BMCRE 33; BN 46; Cohen 1.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ Sestertius (34mm, 25.18 g, 12h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck AD 10-14. Laureate head right / Front elevation of the Altar of Lugdunum, decorated with the corona civica between laurels, flanked by nude male figures; to left and right, Victories on columns, facing one another. RIC I 231a; Lyon 95.
Divus Julius Caesar. 40 BC. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.85 g, 6h). Rome mint. Q. Voconius Vitulus, moneyer. Laureate head right; lituus behind / Bull-calf walking left. Crawford 526/2; CRI 329; Sydenham 1132; RSC 46.
This image was no doubt inspired from Milton's "Paradise Lost." St. Michael's army of angels outnumbered Lucifer's, and the result is that those who fought on Lucifer's side were cast into Hell via a long, long journey through Chaos.
Augustus (Emperor from 27 BC to AD 14)
Circa 20 BC for the head. First third of the second century AD for the draped body.
Augustus (Emperor from 27 BC to AD 14)
The head of this statue of Augustus resembles the head of the statue (dated 20 BC) found in Livia's villa in Prima Porta, showing the emperor wearing a cuirass. In the eighteenth century the head was joined to a toga-clad body which is generally attributed to the Hadrianic period. The portrait is a prime example of Roman Augustan art: classical Greek idealism and Roman republican verism combine to extol the qualities of the emperor who restored peace and order to Rome.
Description
A composite work
The Louvre has a number of portraits of Augustus, in various guises and at various ages. He is depicted here at about forty years old. It is generally admitted that the toga-clad body was carved at a later date than the portrait itself. The treatment of the loose, flowing folds of the toga recalls Hellenistic art, leading some to interpret it as a work from the Hadrianic period. It is thought that the head and body were assembled during the eighteenth century when the portrait belonged to the Giustiniani collection in Venice; by the time it reached the Vatican collections in 1780, it was in its present form. After the Treaty of Tolentino in 1797, the statue came to France together with other works from the papal collections; following Napoleon's defeat in 1815 it did not return to Italy, but was exchanged for Canova's colossal statue of Napoleon, and remained in Paris.
The emperor Augustus (27 BC to AD 14)
The emperor's features are familiar from the many other portraits of Augustus: a finely-drawn profile with a hooked nose and pronounced chin, a high forehead above low, well-defined eyebrows, clear, bright eyes and prominent cheekbones. The forked locks of hair on the forehead are another distinctive feature.
The typology of this portrait has been compared to a statue of the emperor wearing a cuirass, found in his wife Livia's villa in Prima Porta and dated to circa 20 BC. Augustus, fresh from negotiating peace with the Parthian kingdom, is shown as the serene, magnificent architect of the Pax Romana, a period of relative tranquility throughout the Roman world, that lasted until the end of the reign of Marcus Aurelius in AD 180.
Augustan classicism as a political tool
This statue illustrates the classicizing taste that characterized most imperial portraits from the Julio-Claudian Period.
The inclusion of certain recognizable, individual traits echoes Roman republican traditions of verism, but the physiognomy is nonetheless highly idealized. The moderation and authority of the ruler of Rome are glorified using techniques and styles borrowed from classical Greek sculpture: the avoidance of dark shadows on the face, the resolute but unstrained expression. The subject is imbued with an almost superhuman nobility. Imperial portraitists did not attempt to create a perfect physical likeness, but to serve the emperor's ideology and extol his qualities.
educational use only
A JULIO-CLAUDIAN MARBLE PORTRAIT HEAD OF A YOUTH
CIRCA LATE 1ST CENTURY B.C./EARLY 1ST CENTURY A.D.
Probably depicting Lucius Caesar (or Gaius Caesar), shown with short wavy hair, characteristically arranged in parted locks over the forehead, the eyes with unarticulated pupils, right ear and nose restored, on 18th Century bust with cuirass and paludamentum, on socled mount
Head 7½ in. (19 cm.) high excl. bust
Lot Notes
Lucius Caesar (20 B.C.-4 A.D.) and Gaius Caesar (17 B.C.-2 A.D.) were the sons of Agrippa and were adopted in 17 B.C. by Augustus. They were intended as Augustus' successors, but Lucius died at Marseilles on his way to the armies in Spain, while Gaius died in Lycia.
educational use only
Sarcófago de la cacería del león.
Cultura romana.
Siglo III d. C.
Procedente de Barcelona.
Museo Arqueológico de Barcelona.
KINGS of THRACE. Rhoemetalces II, with Tiberius. Circa AD 19-36. Æ 23mm (9.30 g, 6h). Jugate heads of Rhoemetalkes II, diademed, and his queen right / Bare head of Tiberius right. RPC I 1721; Youroukova 201-203.
Augustus, with Tiberius as Caesar. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (3.75 g, 6h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck AD 13-14. CAESAR AVGVSTVS • DIVI F PATER PATRIAE, laureate head right / TI • CAESAR in exergue, [AVG F] TR POT XV above, Tiberius, standing right, driving triumphal quadriga, holding eagle tipped scepter in left hand and laurel branch and reins in right; two horses facing right and two left. RIC I 224; Lyon 92; RSC 301; BMCRE 509-10; BN 1690.
Head of Germanicus.
Marble. After 19 A.D.
Height 41 cm.
Inv. No. 760.
Copenhagen, New Carlsberg Glyptotek.
educational use only
PHOENICIA, Ace-Ptolemais. Mark Antony. 42-31 BC. Æ 25mm (8.12 g, 12h). Dated CY 11 (39/38 BC). Bare head right within laurel wreath / Tyche Soteiros (Fortuna Redux) standing left on prow of galley, head right, holding aplustre and rudder in right hand, cornucopia and palm in left. RPC I 4740; Seyrig, Monnayage 19; Kadman, Akko 73; Rosenberger -; SNG Copenhagen -.
L'Empereur Claude
(empereur de 41 à 54 après J.-C.)
Découvert à Gabies (Pontano) entre 1792 et 1795
H. : 1,76 m.
Cette statue, dont la tête présente un visage encore juvénile, fut réalisée à la fin du règne de Caligula ou au début du règne de Claude, en pendant de la statue de Germanicus, son frère, qui lui fait face dans la galerie. Toutes deux ornaient le forum de Gabies (Italie).
La calotte crânienne et les pieds sont modernes. La restauration du bras droit a été retirée.
educational use only
A FRAGMENTARY BRONZE PORTRAIT HEAD OF THE EMPEROR AUGUSTUS OR A MEMBER OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN FAMILY, ROMAN IMPERIAL, CIRCA EARLY 1ST CENTURY A.D.
from a large figure, his head turned to the right, his face with aquiline nose and eyes meant for inlay.
private auction news
Tomb of Lucius Varius Sacco (Landesmuseum, Mainz)
Later, XV Primigenia was stationed with the Fourteenth at Mainz in Germania Superior. Perhaps this had been supposed to be its base all along, because the number XV may have been chosen to fit XIV. The tombstone of a mounted legionary suggests that one cavalry subunit was at least temporarily based at Worms.
In 43, the emperor Claudius, who had succeeded Caligula in 41, invaded Britain and took some legions with him. This left vacancies, and XV Primigenia moved to Xanten in the northern province of Germania Inferior, which had been evacuated by XXI Rapax.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ As (24mm, 11.06 g, 4h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck circa 15-10 BC. Laureate head right / Front elevation of the Altar of Lugdunum, decorated with the corona civica between laurels, flanked by nude male figures; to left and right, Victories on columns, facing one another. RIC I 230.
ROMAN REPUBLICAN MARBLE HEAD OF A FEMALE
Her himation over her head.
Mid-to-Late 1st Century BC
H. 10 1/8 in. (25.8 cm.)
Art of the Ancient World, 2003, no. 23
Art of the Ancient World, 1992, no. 38
educational use only
Eugene Decisy 'Mashing Brewers at Bethencourt', 1892, The Grohmann Museum, 'Man at Work' collection, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
ROMAN MARBLE LIFE-SIZE PORTRAIT BUST OF A PATRICIAN YOUTH
With fine features, a pronounced forehead and parted hairdo based on the fashion popularized by emperors of the Julio-Claudian period. An exceptionjal portrait said to have been found in the waters off Spain.
Acquired in London, October 1990.
Ca. 35-40 AD
H. 14 3/4 in. (37.5 cm.)
RAG
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Bust of Tiberius.
Marble. Copy from the beginning of the 1st century A.D. after original from 20—12 B.C.
Height 47 cm.
Inv. No. 1445.
Copenhagen, New Carlsberg Glyptotek.
educational use only
Britannicus. AD 41-55. Æ Sestertius (26.03 g, 6h). Uncertain Balkan/Thracian mint. Struck under Claudius, AD 50-54. Bare-headed and draped bust right / Mars advancing left, holding spear and shield. RIC I p. 130, note; von Kaenel, Thrakien, Type A, B3 (same obv. die). The rarer of the two varieties of this very rare sestertius, with the portrait of Britannicus facing right not left.
The attribution of Britannicus’ sestertii has been a matter of some controversy. In earlier scholarship, the issue had been attributed to Rome around the end of Claudius’ reign when Britannicus adopted the toga virilis. Mattingly demonstrated that such an attribution was problematic, as the Roman mint was not producing aes at that time, and he assigned the type instead to the early years of Titus, when many restoration and commemorative issues were being struck. More recently, substantial numbers of Latin coins (sestertii and dupondii) in the name of Britannicus, Agrippina Jr., Nero Caesar, and Nero Augustus have been found localized in the Balkan region, and von Kaenel argued for a Thracian origin for the series. Von Kaenel’s analysis must be correct, for the style and fabric of the coins, as well as the find spots, indicate a Thracian mint, and there is nothing in the types or legends to suggest that any of these coins are posthumous. These local issues would have been struck for use by the legions servicing the border.
KINGS of PONTUS. Polemo II, with Agrippina Junior(?). AD 38-64. AR Drachm (3.59 g, 1h). Dated RY 24 (AD 51/2). Diademed head of Polemo right / Diademed and draped bust of Agrippina Junior right; I D (date) to right. RG 33; RPC I 3825; SNG Copenhagen 239 var. (RY).
Burnett in RPC I identified the female on these drachms as Antonia Tryphonaea, the mother of Polemo II, based on the portrait’s similarity to those silver and bronze issues which also bear her name. These drachms, however, have no such identifying legend and from the known regnal dates, were struck during the period AD 49-54. Stylistically, they fit within the series bearing clearly identifiable portraits of Claudius and Nero, as well as two examples, dated AD 55/6 and AD 56/7, with a portrait which Burnett tentatively identified as that of Britannicus. As Polemo owed his installation as king to Agrippina Junior’s brother, Caligula, it is quite possible that Claudius’ marriage to his benefactor’s sister in AD 49 prompted him to begin striking these coins which continued, as evidenced by the regnal dates, during her period of influence at court.
Mark Antony. Summer 38 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.29 g, 6h). Athens mint. Mark Antony standing right, veiled and wearing the priestly robe of an augur, holding lituus / Radiate head of Sol right. Crawford 533/2; CRI 267; Sydenham 1199; RSC 13a.
Nero. As Caesar, AD 50-54. Æ Sestertius (26.70 g, 6h). Thracian mint. Struck AD 51. Bare-headed and draped bust right / EQVESTER / OR-DO / PRINCIPI / IVVENT in four lines across shield; vertical spear behind. RIC I 108; cf. von Kaenel, Thrakien, N2/N1 (V2/R1 - unlisted die combination); BMCRE p. 195 note; Cohen 99.
Latin coins (sestertii and dupondii) in the name of Britannicus, Agrippina Jr., and the young Nero have been found localized in the Balkan region, and were most likely struck at a local mint servicing the legions guarding the border. The missing S C is consistent with a provincial issue not issued under the nominal authority of the Roman Senate. RPC I proposed Perinthus as a mint, though always prefacing any opinion with "if any of them are genuine." Since that volume's publication, more examples from the Balkans have appeared on the market, all of which clearly appear genuine.
PHOENICIA, Berytus. Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ 20mm (21mm, 6.11 g). P. Quinctilius Varus, legate. Struck 6-4 BC. Bare head right / Two aquilae. RPC I 4535.23 (this coin); AUB 35-36; Rouvier 493.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
AV-Aureus, 54, Rom; 7.63 g. Beider Büsten einander gegenüber//In Kranz: EX S C. BMC 1; Calico 399; Coh. 6; RIC² 1.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.91 g, 12h). Rome mint. P. Petronius Turpilianus, moneyer. Struck 19/8 BC. Bare head right / Tarpeia standing facing, wearing tunic, raising both hands, buried to her waist under ten shields. RIC I 299; RSC 494.
Tarpeia was a Vestal Virgin that betrayed the city of Rome to the Sabines when they were attempting to rescue their wives and daughters. As payment for her betrayal, she demanded she be given what the Sabine soldiers wore on their left arms, meaning their gold bracelets. The Sabines were offended by Tarpeia's reprehensible greed and treason, and took her demand literally. She met her death under the crushing weight of the soldiers' shields.
AE 1967, 108. Miliario de Nerón del año 58 erigido a la salida del Municipio romano de Cápara (Cáceres, España) a 110 millas romanas de Emerita Augusta, cuyo texto dice: NERO· CL[AVDIVS]/ CAESAR [AVG(ustus)· GERM(anicus)/ PO]NTIF(ex) MAX(imus)/ [TRIB(unicia)] POTEST(ate) V [CO(n)S(ul) III]/ IMP(erator)· IIII· P(ater)· P(atriae)/ CX.
Date 10-08-2006
Source Own work
Author Agustín Jiménez
Permission
(Reusing this image) Trabajo propio. Dominio público
Nero. AD 54-68. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.38 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck circa AD 64-65. Laureate head right / Roma seated left on cuirass, holding Victory and parazonium, foot on helmet. RIC I 55; WCN 59; RSC 258. cngcoins.com
Sextus Pompey. 44-43 BC. AR Denarius (21mm, 3.99 g, 9h). Massilia (Marseilles) mint; Q. Nasidius, commander of the fleet. Bare head of Pompey the Great right; NEPTVNI to left, trident to right; below head, dolphin right / Quinquereme with five rowers, advancing right under full sail, gubernator at stern, uncertain figure at prow; six-rayed star in upper left field; Q • NASIDIVS below. Crawford 483/2; CRI 235; Sydenham 1350; Kestner 3698; BMCRR Sicily 21-4; RSC 20 (Pompey the Great).
Quintus Nasidius was commander of Sextus' fleet while Sextus was in Massalia watching political events unfold further east. Coins of this issue do not bear the title praefectus classis et orae maritimae (commander-in-chief of the fleet and of the sea coasts) awarded to Sextus by the Senate in April 43 BC, indicating a prior striking date. They also do not bear Sextus' name, although the trident, dolphin, and legend NEPTVNI may refer to Sextus' naval superiority in the western Mediterranean.
Gaius (Caligula), with Germanicus. AD 37-41. AR Denarius (3.68 g, 6h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. 2nd emission, AD 37-38. C • CAESAR • AVG • GERM • P • M • TR • POT [•], laureate head of Gaius (Caligula) right / GERMANICVS • CAES • P • C • CAES • AVG • GERM, bare head of Germanicus right. RIC I 18; Lyon 172; RSC 2; BMCRE 19; BN 28-9. cngcoins.comFor more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see:
Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search
Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)
Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)
Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)
Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)
Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.
Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)
Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)
Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)
Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)
Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)
Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.
Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)
Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)
Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)
Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)
Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.
Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)
Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)
Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)
Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)
Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)
Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)
Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)
Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)
Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)
Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)
Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.
Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).
Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.
Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)
Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)
Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)
Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)
Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)
Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)
Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)
Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)
Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)
Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)
Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)
Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)
Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)
Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)
Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)
Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)
Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)
Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)
Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)
Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)
Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)
Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)
Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)
Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)
Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)
Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)
Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)
Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)
Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)
Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)
Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)
Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)
Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)
Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)
Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)
Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)
Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)
Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)
Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)
Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)
Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
EGYPT, Alexandria. Claudius, with Antonia. AD 41-54. Billon Tetradrachm (26mm, 12.60 g). Dated RY 2 (AD 41/42). Laureate head right / Draped bust of Antonia right. Köln 62; Dattari 114; Milne 61; RPC I 5117; Emmett 73.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
LYDIA, Thyateira. Claudius, with Agrippina Junior. AD 41-54. Æ (20mm, 4.17 g, 12h). Struck AD 50-54. Bare head of Claudius right / Draped bust of Agrippina right. RPC I 2380; SNG München 611. cngcoins.com
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ As (26mm, 9.94 g). Rome mint. P. Lurius Agrippa, moneyer. Struck 7 BC. Bare head left / Legend around large S C. RIC I 428; BMCRE 214; BN 640.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Tiberius. AD 14-37. AV Aureus (7.87 g, 12h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Group 1, AD 15-18. TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS, laureate head right / PONTIF MAXIM, Livia (as Pax) seated right on chair, holding scepter in right hand and olive branch in left; plain chair legs, double line below. RIC I 25; Lyon 143; Calicó 305e; BMCRE 30-33; BN 13-5; Cohen 15.
English: Emperor August. Marble, Roman artwork, ca. Christian Era.
Français : L'empereur Auguste. Marbre, œuvre romaine, environs de lère chrétienne.
Dimensions H. 36 cm (14 in.)
Credit line Borghese Collection; purchase, 1807
Accession number Ma 1280 (MR 427)
Location Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Denon, ground floor, room 23
Source/Photographer Jastrow (2007)
GAUL, Nemausus. Augustus, with Agrippa. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ Dupondius (27mm, 13.14 g, 12h). Struck AD 10-14. Heads of Agrippa, wearing combined rostral crown and laurel wreath, and Augustus, laureate, back to back / Crocodile right, chained to palm frond with wreath at top; two palm fronds at base. RPC I 525; RIC I 159; SNG Copenhagen 700-1.
SPAIN, Dertosa. Tiberius. AD 14-37. Æ As (22mm, 9.42 g, 12h). Laureate head right / Corbita under sail left; above, palm frond in incuse rectangular countermark. For coin: RPC I 207; SNG Copenhagen 532-3; for countermark: Howgego 384. cngcoins.com
Providing the empire with an uninterrupted supply of grain, as well as other necessary supplies, the merchantman (navis oneraria) was a ship with a broad beam. Many of these vessels, like the ponto or more common actuaria resembled the shape of a trireme and could be powered by both oars and sails. Since ships of this type were used to transport vital commodities such as wine and grain, they, like the large ponto, are often those shown on coins from the Black Sea. The great Roman merchantman, or corbita, often seen in part on imperial issues commemorating the annona, is more familiar. Powered by two large sails, it featured a rear cabin in the shape of a swan and was the true workhorse of Roman merchant vessels; its type continued well into the Byzantine period.
cngcoins.com