Grafmonument van gravin Louise de Celles (1830-1832), door kunstenaar Mathieu Kessel, gezien in het Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Oldmasters, in Brussel, België

Funerary monument of Countess Louise de Celles (1830-1832), by the artist Mathieu Kessel, seen at the Museum of Fine Arts, Oldmasters, in Brussels, Belgium

Grabdenkmal der Gräfin Louise de Celles (1830-1832), vom Künstler Mathieu Kessel, gesehen im Museum der Schönen Künste, Oldmasters, in Brüssel, Belgien

النصب التذكاري الجنائزي للكونتيسة لويز دي سيل (1830-1832)، للفنان ماثيو كيسيل، مشاهد في متحف الفنون الجميلة، أولدماسترز، في بروكسل، بلجيكا

伯爵夫人路易丝·德·塞尔（1830-1832）的墓葬纪念碑，由艺术家马修·凯塞尔创作，见于布鲁塞尔美术博物馆，旧大师馆，比利时

Monumento funebre della contessa Louise de Celles (1830-1832), dell'artista Mathieu Kessel, visto al Museo delle Belle Arti, Oldmasters, a Bruxelles, Belgio

Griewmonument vun der Grofin Louise de Celles (1830-1832), vum Kënschtler Mathieu Kessel, gesinn am Musée des Beaux-Arts, Oldmasters, zu Bréissel, Belsch

Museo Nazionale Romano - Palazzo Massimo.

A visitor observes the Lancellotti Discobolus, in a room hosting other Roman statues from the classical age. This discobolus is a perfect copy - perhaps the unique fully preserved - made around the middle of the 2nd century AD to reproduce, in marble, an ancient masterpiece made in bronze by the Greek sculptor Myron, around 450 BC.

Fietspad door het Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Nederland

Bicycle path through the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Netherlands

Radweg durch das Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Niederlande

مسار دراجات عبر متحف ريجكس في أمستردام، هولندا

穿过阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆的自行车道，荷兰

Pista ciclabile attraverso il Rijksmuseum ad Amsterdam, Paesi Bassi

Vëloswee duerch d'Rijksmuseum zu Amsterdam, Holland

© Javier Fraile

Street Photography

Athens, GR

A jibe at classical art....I found these heavy large tubes in a dumpster, painted them and added wood circles from home depot...then painted flat busts to put on top, painted both sides. They stood about 6 feet tall.

Title: The Shipwreck, 1772

Painter: Claude-Joseph Vernet (French, 1714 - 1789)

Material: Oil on canvas

Venue: National Gallery of Art

Gaius (Caligula). AD 37-41. Æ Sestertius (35mm, 23.93 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck AD 37-38. Laureate head left / Gaius standing left on daïs, addressing five soldiers standing right, holding parazonia and shields; four aquilae behind. RIC I 32.For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com

Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search

Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)

Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)

Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)

Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)

Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)

Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)

Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)

Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)

Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.

Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)

Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)

Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)

Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.

Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)

Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)

Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)

Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)

Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)

Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)

Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)

Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)

Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.

Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).

Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.

Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)

Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)

Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)

Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)

Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)

Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)

Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)

Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)

Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)

Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)

Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)

Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)

Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)

Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)

Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)

Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)

Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)

Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)

Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)

Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)

Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)

Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)

Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)

Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)

Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)

Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)

Created using Stable Diffusion (SDXL)

Gaius (Caligula). AD 37-41. Æ Sestertius (34mm, 21.75 g). Rome mint. Struck AD 37-38. Laureate head left; c/m: TI CLAV IMP (ligatured) within incuse rectangle / Legend in four lines within oak wreath. RIC I 37; BMCRE 38; BN 50. cngcoins.com

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com

Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search

Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)

Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)

Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)

Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)

Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)

Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)

Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)

Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)

Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.

Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)

Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)

Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)

Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.

Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)

Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)

Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)

Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)

Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)

Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)

Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)

Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)

Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.

Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).

Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.

Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)

Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)

Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)

Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)

Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)

Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)

Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)

Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)

Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)

Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)

Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)

Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)

Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)

Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)

Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)

Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)

Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)

Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)

Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)

Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)

Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)

Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)

Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)

Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)

Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)

Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)

Aureus 37-38, 7.73 g. C CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR POT Bare head of Gaius r. Rev. DIVVS AVG PATER PATRIAE Radiate head of Augustus r. RIC 15. BMC 16. C 1. CBN 19. Vagi 310. Calicó 332 (this coin).

Few of Rome’s emperors enjoy as foul a reputation as Gaius, who is generally known by the nickname Caligula, meaning ‘bootikin’ or ‘little boots’, which he received from his father’s soldiers while he was still an amiable child. He grew to despise the nickname almost as much as everyone grew to despise him. There is little need to revisit the list of his debaucheries, incests and acts of depravity – we need only note that his behaviour was a special blend of intellect and insanity, and that he has few peers beyond Nero, Commodus and Elagabalus. On the bright side, Caligula was dutiful when it came to his well-produced coinage. Caligula honoured his great-grandfather Augustus, very likely Tiberius, his murdered parents, Germanicus and Agrippina Senior, and his murdered brothers, Nero Caesar and Drusus Caesar. Among the living he honoured his three sisters – in whom he had more than a casual interest – and, on provincial coinage, his final wife Caesonia and their daughter Drusilla Minor, both of whom were murdered within an hour of Caligula.

D'après une oeuvre d'Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)

In the stillness of bronze,

a tempest coils beneath the skin.

Fingers clenched not in fury,

but in defiance —

as if to keep the heavens from collapsing,

as if one gesture might silence the thunder

of a thousand thoughts.

Frozen in a moment

where chaos meets resistance,

the hand does not tremble.

It remembers.

It endures.

It holds back the storm.

Dans l’immobilité du bronze,

une tempête serpente sous la peau.

Les doigts ne se crispent pas de colère,

mais de défi —

comme pour empêcher le ciel de s’effondrer,

comme si un seul geste pouvait faire taire

le tonnerre de mille pensées.

Figée dans l’instant

où le chaos affronte la résistance,

la main ne tremble pas.

Elle se souvient.

Elle endure.

Elle retient l’orage.

P.S. Grazie per il regalo!

Marcus Valerius Longinus Britannicus Optio ad spem ordinis LEGXI CPF - VI COH - I MAN - I CENT

EPIGRAFE:

D(IS) M(ANIBVS) /

M(ARCVS) VAL(ERIVS) LONGINVS BRIT(ANNICVS)/

OPTIO LEG(IONIS) XI CLAVDIAE /

ANNORVM XXXX QUI /

MILITAVIT ANN(OS) XIIII ET /

OPTIO ANN(OS) VI POSVIT /

TITVLVM DE SVO ASTAN/TE

TRADUZIONE

Agli dei dell’oltretomba, M. Valerio Longino Britannico /

optio della legio XI Claudia /

40 anni di età che /

servì per 14 anni e /

per 6 anni come optio pose /

questa stele a sue spese.

LA SUA STORIA

Britannicus era nato in Britannia durante l’imperium di Augustus nel 2 A.D. ( 755 Ab Vrbe Condita).

I genitori erano Lucia Valeria da cui sceglierà il nomen, proveniente dalla corte reale della tribù dei Catuvellauni (prima tribù britannica affrontata da Cesare nell’invasione del 54 AC) e Gaius Antonius Longinus (da cui prenderà il cognomen).

Longius trascorse la sua infanzia presso CASTRA VETERA, odierna Xanten, nella Germania Inferiore, proprio a ridosso del temutissimo confine renano dove era ubicata la Legio V Aulaudae e dove il padre prestava servizio come Centurio della I Cohors.

La Legione prese possesso del Castrum nel A.D. 9 (756 Ab Vrbe Condita) dopo che nella foresta di Teutoburgo la Legio XVIII che la occupava fu annientata insieme alla XVII e la XIX, scontro che vide morire più di 20 mila uomini agli ordini del Governatore P. Quinctilius Varus.

Furono anni duri in cui Britannicus, respirò sempre l’aria del castrum, avendo modo sin da piccolo di conoscere la dura vita e la disciplina che erano richieste ai soldati di Roma, in una terra di confine, inospitale e non ancora pacificata.

All’età di 20 anni giurò fedeltà all’imperatore Tiberius nella cerimonia del Sacramentum ed entrò tra i milites della Legio XI, gloriosa legione arruolata da Julius Caesar nel 58 A.C. (695 Ab Vrbe Condita) per le campagne di Gallia.

Per sua scelta Britannicus voleva allontanarsi dalla terra dove aveva trascorso l’adolescenza per servire Roma in territori più lontani e finì quindi in Dalmazia, a BURNUM (odierna Kistanje in Croazia), dove la sua Legione era dislocata con la sua gemella, la VII.

Britannicus servì nelle Coorti meno esperte fino a raggiungere la VI, dove divenne decanus del suo contubernium e dopo soli due anni fu scelto dal centurione, M. Licinius Crassus, Pilus Prior e comandante della Coorte, come suo vice nel comando della I Centuria del I Manipolo, diventando quindi OPTIO AD SPEM ORDINIS, e ricevendo perciò la paga doppia (duplicarius).

Durante i sei anni in cui militò nella centuria come Optio ricevette la massima onorificenza per un legionario, la CORONA CIVICA, per aver salvato la vita a tre contubernales durante un’imboscata subita dalla sua Coorte in marcia verso il castrum tra la foreste della Pannonia ad opera della tribù dei Breuci.

Nell’A.D. 42 (795 Ab Vrbe Condita) dopo che l’anno prima, Claudius era succeduto nel Principato a suo nipote Caligula, quando il governatore della Dalmazia, Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus si rivoltò, i Legionari della XI e della VII a causa di un evento ritenuto non propizio (l'impossibilità di adornare le loro aquile) rimasero fedeli all’Imperotore Claudius, e spensero la rivolta in soli cinque giorni, uccidendo Scribonianus. Claudius quindi premiò così le due leali legioni concedendo loro il titolo CLAUDIA PIA FIDELIS ("pia e fedele a Claudio").

Britannicus perse la vita proprio negli scontri avvenuti durante questa vicenda, colpito a morte dalla guardia del governatore durante la sua cattura, non riuscendo mai a coronare il suo sogno di diventare centurione come lo fu suo padre, cosa che sarebbe avvenuta di lì a poco.

(Il contenuto della storia pur con connessioni ad eventi realmente avvenuti è di pura fantasia)

M.V.L.B.

Created using Stable Diffusion (SDXL)

A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT BUST OF A JULIO-CLAUDIAN PRINCE

CIRCA 1ST HALF OF THE 1ST CENTURY A.D.

Perhaps Nero Iulius or Drusus Iulius, the two elder sons of Germanicus, brothers of the future emperor Gaius Caesar (Caligula), depicted as a young boy, his head turned to his left, his short wavy hair brushed forward, the characteristic parted locks breaking to the left and right, the locks brushed to the left and right down the nape of his neck, his unarticulated eyes with thick lids, recessed below thin straight brows, the closed mouth with a thin upper lip and undulating lower lip, the philtrum indicated

13 3/8 in. (34 cm.) high

Caligula.

Marble. Late of the 2nd century A.D., restoration of the 16th century.

Height 78 cm.

Inv. No. 142.

Venice, National Archaeological Museum.

Earlier 1st Century AD

H. 16.5 cm.; W. 15 cm.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

SYRIA, Coele-Syria. Chalcis. Mark Antony and Cleopatra. 32-31 BC. Æ 19mm (5.03 g). Diademed and draped bust of Cleopatra right / Bare head of Antony right. RPC I 4771; SNG Copenhagen 382; BMC Phoenicia p. 54, 15.

NERO. 54-68 AD. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.48 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck 68 AD. IMP NERO CAESAR AVG P P, Laureate head right / No legend, legionary aquila between two military standards. RIC I 68; WCN 69; BMCRE 107; RSC 356.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

2021

More artwork at: www.permiandesigns.com/

Instagram: www.instagram.com/permiandesigns/

Bluesky: bsky.app/profile/permiandesigns.bsky.social

NOTE: All works featured here are completely original creations. None are made with the assistance of any form of AI technology in any fashion whatsoever.

Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ Sestertius (or Dupondius?) (21.63 g, 5h). “Triumphal Coinage” issue. Rome mint. P. Lurius Agrippa, moneyer. Struck 7 BC. CAESAR • AVGVST • PONT • MAX • TRIBV-NIC • POT, laureate head of Augustus left; behind, Victory, draped, touching fillet of laurel wreath with right hand and holding cornucopia in left / P • LVRIVS • AGRIPPA • III • VIR • A • A • A • F • F •, large S • C. RIC I 426; BMCRE p. 41, *; BN 618-20. cngcoins.com

2019

More artwork at: www.permiandesigns.com/

Instagram: www.instagram.com/permiandesigns/

Bluesky: bsky.app/profile/permiandesigns.bsky.social

NOTE: All works featured here are completely original creations. None are made with the assistance of any form of AI technology in any fashion whatsoever.

Élégance intemporelle au Château de Chantilly ✨️

Délicates sculptures en marbre, exposées au Musée Condé – deux chefs-d'œuvres de grâce et de sensualité, capturées à jamais dans la pierre. Allongées avec douceur au pied de deux toiles bucoliques signées Henri De Cort. Figures mythologiques qui semblent suspendues entre peinture et sculpture, rêve et réalité.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

Everlasting Gallery

size in120-50CM .

Oil Painting on canvas.

JUDAEA, Roman Administration. Agrippa II, with Nero. Circa 50-100 CE. Æ 18mm (7.42 g). Laureate head of Nero right; [star] to right / Legend in five lines within laurel wreath. Meshorer 130; Hendin 582; RPC I 4989.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

Fragments -

Elgin Marbles (West Pediment), British Museum, London WC1, 31 January 2017

Metropolitan Museum of Art

NYC

His close-up captures Auguste Rodin’s The Kiss, one of his most iconic sculptures. Rendered in bronze, the intertwined figures of Paolo and Francesca embody both tension and tenderness. The black and white treatment enhances the contrast and surface textures, drawing attention to the play of light on muscle, skin, and emotion. With a shallow depth of field and tight framing, the photograph isolates the intensity of the embrace, offering a new perspective on Rodin’s exploration of passion and human connection.

Cette photographie explore le dialogue entre forme et lumière sur une sculpture de Rodin. Le noir et blanc renforce les contrastes du bronze patiné, révélant la tension musculaire, la texture rugueuse et les émotions contenues dans les gestes figés. Le cadrage serré recentre l’attention sur la dynamique des corps, tandis que la profondeur de champ restreinte isole la scène, conférant à cette étreinte une intensité presque palpable. Une œuvre où l'art du sculpteur rencontre celui du regard.

2022

More artwork at: www.permiandesigns.com/

Instagram: www.instagram.com/permiandesigns/

Bluesky: bsky.app/profile/permiandesigns.bsky.social

NOTE: All works featured here are completely original creations. None are made with the assistance of any form of AI technology in any fashion whatsoever.

Esta é a escultura em bronze 'Minotauro', do artista Casto Solano, localizada em Vitoria-Gasteiz. A obra retrata o ser mitológico numa pose relaxada, sentado num banco, contrastando a sua natureza poderosa com a aparente calma do momento. Os detalhes nas vestes, com os seus ornamentos e textura, são minuciosos, assim como a expressão facial do Minotauro, que parece refletir um misto de cansaço e contemplação. A luz do sol realça a cor do bronze e projeta sombras que interagem com a arquitetura urbana ao redor. É uma peça que mescla o mundo clássico da mitologia com a modernidade do espaço público.

Drawn with a Platinum Preppy EF02 fountain pen with Iroshizuku Take Sumi ink in a Leuchtturm1917 journal

Du festival du 300e anniversaire de Neputa..

2019

More artwork at: www.permiandesigns.com/

Instagram: www.instagram.com/permiandesigns/

Bluesky: bsky.app/profile/permiandesigns.bsky.social

NOTE: All works featured here are completely original creations. None are made with the assistance of any form of AI technology in any fashion whatsoever.

Alamela channels a High Fashion interpretation of Leonard Da Vinci's "Vitruvian Man": upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Uomo_Vitruvia...

*******************************************

Episode 08: The Girl Who Falls from Grace

Photo-shoot 08: Modernizing Classical Art

Watch the full episode on YouTube:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoLoskyyMU4

LOVE Alamela's shot? Vote for her for MODEL MUSE this week:

topdollmanagement-bntm.blogspot.com/2010/06/vote-for-mode...

In the hall of statues, Art Institute, Chicago, IL, USA

A ROMAN TERRACOTTA GLADIATOR RELIEF MEDALLION

CIRCA 1ST CENTURY A.D.

From the interior base of a bowl, showing two gladiators in combat, probably a Murmillo gladiator on the left with long curved oblong shield and crested helmet, wearing greaves and protective strapping on arms and legs, a dagger in his right hand, fighting a Thracian (Thraex) with similar apparel but shorter rectangular shield

4 in. (10 cm.) across max.

educational use only

Du festival du 300e anniversaire de Neputa...

Ximena channel's a High Fashion interpretation of James McNeill Whistler's "Whistler's Mother": upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/WhistlersMoth...

*******************************************

Episode 08: The Girl Who Falls from Grace

Photo-shoot 08: Modernizing Classical Art

Watch the full episode on YouTube:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoLoskyyMU4

LOVE Ximena's shot? Vote for her for MODEL MUSE this week:

topdollmanagement-bntm.blogspot.com/2010/06/vote-for-mode...

Élégance intemporelle au Château de Chantilly ✨️

Délicates sculptures en marbre, exposées au Musée Condé – deux chefs-d'œuvres de grâce et de sensualité, capturées à jamais dans la pierre. Allongées avec douceur au pied de deux toiles bucoliques signées Henri De Cort. Figures mythologiques qui semblent suspendues entre peinture et sculpture, rêve et réalité.

Name of this artwork and artist? As seen at The Metropolitan Museum, NYC.

Classical Heads -Museu Nacional de Belas Artes- (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Gustavo Thomas © 2015)

Claudius. AD 41-54. Æ As (28mm, 12.09 g). Rome mint. Struck AD 42-43. Bare head left / Libertas standing facing, head right, holding pileus in right hand and extending left hand. RIC I 113; Cohen 47.

Frammenti di statua colossale di Costantino della parete destra del cortile

Name of this artwork and artist? As seen at The Metropolitan Museum, NYC.