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A profan detail of the awsome cathedral of Parma, a charming city of Emilia Romagna, Italia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma_Cathedral
Dedicated to Franco Coluzzi ( www.flickr.com/photos/franco_coluzzi/ ), who took a beautiful photo of this cieling: www.flickr.com/photos/franco_coluzzi/5757260879/
Explored May 26, 2011 #494
Zwei Kälber auf Gut Sambach, einem Demeter-Hof mit Werkstatt und Wohnheim für behinderte Menschen. Das Gut Sambach befindet am Stadtrand von Mühlhausen im thüringischen Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis.
On the way back from Oxfordshire, I thought about stopping off somewhere to take some church shots.
I'm sure Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey and Sussex have fine churches just off the motorway, but one had stuck in my head, back in Kent, and that Hever.
What I didn't realise is how hard it was to get too.
I followed the sat nav, taking me off the motorway whilst still in Sussex, then along narrow and twisting main roads along the edge of the north downs, through some very fine villages, but were in Sussex.
Would I see the sign marking my return to the Garden of England?
Yes, yes I would.
Edenbridge seemed quite an unexpectedly urban place, despite its name, so I didn't stop to search for an older centre, just pressing un until I was able to turn down Hever Road.
It had taken half an hour to get here.
St Peter stands by the gate to the famous castle, a place we have yet to visit, and even on a showery Saturday in March, there was a constant stream of visitors arriving.
I asked a nice young man who was directing traffic, where I could park to visit the church. He directed me to the staff car park, meaning I was able to get this shot before going in.
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Near the grounds of Hever Castle, medieval home of the Bullen family. Sandstone construction with a nice west tower and spire. There is a prominent chimney to the north chapel, although this is not the usual Victorian addition, but a Tudor feature, whose little fireplace may be seen inside! The church contains much of interest including a nineteenth-century painting of Christ before Caiphas by Reuben Sayers and another from the school of Tintoretto. The stained glass is all nineteenth and twentieth century and includes a wonderfully evocative east window (1898) by Burlisson and Grylls with quite the most theatrical sheep! The south chancel window of St Peter is by Hardman and dated 1877. In the north chapel is a fine tomb chest which displays the memorial brass of Sir Thomas Bullen (d. 1538), father of Queen Anne Boleyn. Just around the corner is a typical, though rather insubstantial, seventeenth-century pulpit with sounding board.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Hever
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HEVER.
SOUTH-EASTWARD from Eatonbridge lies Hever, called in the Textus Roffensis, and some antient records, Heure, and in others, Evere.
This parish lies below the sand hill, and is consequently in that district of this county called The Weald.
There is a small part of it, called the Borough of Linckbill, comprehending a part of this parish, Chidingstone, and Hever, which is within the hundred of Ruxley, and being part of the manor of Great Orpington, the manerial rights of it belong to Sir John Dixon Dyke, bart. the owner of that manor.
THE PARISH of Hever is long, and narrow from north to south. It lies wholly below the sand hills, and consequently in the district of the Weald; the soil and face of the country is the same as that of Eatonbridge, last described, the oak trees in it being in great plently, and in general growing to a very large size. The river Eden directs its course across it, towards Penshurst and the Medway, flowing near the walls of Hever castle, about a quarter of a mile southward from which is the village of Hever and the parsonage; near the northern side of the river is the seat of Polebrooke, late Douglass's, now Mrs. Susannah Payne's; and a little farther, the hamlets of Howgreen and Bowbeach; part of Linckhill borough, which is in the hundred of Ruxley, extends into this parish. There is a strange odd saying here, very frequent among the common people, which is this:
Jesus Christ never was but once at Hever.
And then he fell into the river.
Which can only be accounted for, by supposing that it alluded to a priest, who was carrying the bost to a sick person, and passing in his way over a bridge, sell with it into the river.
Hever was once the capital seat and manor of a family of the same name, whose still more antient possessions lay at Hever, near Northfleet, in this county, who bore for their arms, Gules, a cross argent. These arms, with a lable of three points azure, still remained in the late Mote-house, in Maidstone, and are quartered in this manner by the earl of Thanet, one of whose ancestors, Nicholas Tuston, esq. of Northiam, married Margaret, daughter and heir of John Hever of this county. (fn. 1)
William de Heure. possessed a moiety of this place in the reign of king Edward I. in the 2d of which he was was sheriff of this county, and in the 9th of it obtained a grant of free warren within his demesne lands in Heure, Chidingstone, and Lingefield.
Sir Ralph de Heure seems at this time to have possessed the other moiety of this parish, between whose son and heir, Ralph, and Nicholas, abbot of St. Augustine's, there had been, as appears by the register of that abbey, several disputes concerning lands in Hever, which was settled in the 4th year of king Edward I. by the abbot's granting to him and his heirs for ever, the land which he held of him in Hever, to hold by the service of the fourth part of a knight's fee.
William de Hever, in the reign of king Edward III. became possessed of the whole of this manor, and new built the mansion here, and had licence to embattle it; soon after which he died, leaving two daughters his coheirs; one of whom, Joane, carried one moiety of this estate in marriage to Reginald Cobham, a younger son of the Cobhams of Cobham, in this county; (fn. 2) whence this part of Hever, to distinguish it from the other, acquired the name of Hever Cobham.
His son, Reginald lord Cobham, in the 14th year of that reign, obtained a charter for free warren within his demesne lands in Hever. (fn. 3) He was succeeded in this manor by his son, Reginald lord Cobham, who was of Sterborough castle, in Surry, whence this branch was stiled Cobhams of Sterborough.
The other moiety of Hever, by Margaret, the other daughter and coheir, went in marriage to Sir Oliver Brocas, and thence gained the name of Hever Brocas. One of his descendants alienated it to Reginald lord Cobham, of Sterborough, last mentioned, who died possessed of both these manors in the 6th year of king Henry IV.
His grandson, Sir Thomas Cobham, sold these manors to Sir Geoffry Bulleyn, a wealthy mercer of London, who had been lord mayor in the 37th year of king Henry VI. He died possessed of both Hever Cobham and Hever Brocas, in the 3d year of king Edward IV. leaving by Anne, his wife, eldest sister of Thomas, lord Hoo and Hastings, Sir William Bulleyn, of Blickling, in Norfolk, who married Margaret, daughter and coheir of Thomas Boteler, earl of Ormond, by whom he had a son and heir, Thomas, who became a man of eminent note in the reign of king Henry VIII. and by reason of the king's great affection to the lady Anne Bulleyn, his daughter, was in the 17th year of that reign, created viscount Rochford; and in the 21st year of it, being then a knight of the Garter, to that of earl of Wiltshire and Ormond; viz. Wiltshire to his heirs male, and Ormond to his heirs general.
He resided here, and added greatly to those buildings, which his grandfather, Sir Geoffry Bulleyn, began in his life time, all which he completely finished, and from this time this seat seems to have been constantly called HEVER-CASTLE.
He died in the 30th of the same reign, possessed of this castle, with the two manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas, having had by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, one sonGeorge, executed in his life time; and two daughters, Anne, wife to king Henry VIII. and Mary, wife of William Carey, esquire of the body, and ancestor of the lords Hunsdon and the earls of Dover and Monmouth.
On the death of the earl of Wiltshire, without issue male, who lies buried in this church, under an altar tomb of black marble, on which is his figure, as large as the life, in brass, dressed in the robes of the Garter, the king seised on this castle and these manors, in right of his late wife, the unfortunate Anne Bulleyn, the earl's daughter, who resided at Hever-castle whilst the king courted her, there being letters of both extant, written by them from and to this place, and her chamber in it is still called by her name; and they remained in his hands till the 32d year of his reign, when he granted to the lady Anne of Cleves, his repudiated wife, his manors of Hever, Seale, and Kemsing, among others, and his park of Hever, with its rights, members, and appurtenances, then in the king's hands; and all other estates in Hever, Seale, and Kemsing, lately purchased by him of Sir William Bulleyn and William Bulleyn, clerk, to hold to her during life, so long as she should stay within the realm, and not depart out of it without his licence, at the yearly rent of 931. 13s. 3½d. payable at the court of augmention. She died possessed of the castle, manors, and estates of Hever, in the 4th and 5th year of king Philip and queen Mary, when they reverted again to the crown, where they continued but a short time, for they were sold that year, by commissioners authorised for this purpose, to Sir Edward Waldegrave and dame Frances his wife; soon after which the park seems to have have been disparked.
This family of Waldegrave, antiently written Walgrave, is so named from a place, called Walgrave, in the county of Northampton, at which one of them was resident in the reign of king John, whose descendants afterwards settled in Essex, and bore for their arms, Per pale argent and gules. Warine de Walgrave is the first of them mentioned, whose son, John de Walgrave, was sheriff of London, in the 7th year of king John's reign, whose direct descendant was Sir Edward Waldegrave, who purchased this estate, as before mentioned. (fn. 5) He had been a principal officer of the household to the princess Mary; at the latter end of the reign of king Edward VI. he incurred the king's displeasure much by his attachment to her interest, and was closely imprisoned in the Tower; but the king's death happening soon afterwards, queen Mary amply recompensed his sufferings by the continued marks of her favour and bounty, which she conferred on him; and in the 4th and 5th years of that reign, he obtained, as above mentioned, on very easy terms, the castle and manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas; and besides being employed by the queen continually in commissions of trust and importance, had many grants of lands and other favours bestowed on him. But on the death of queen Mary, in 1558, he was divested of all his employments, and committed prisoner to the Tower, (fn. 6) where he died in the 3d year of queen Elizabeth. He left two sons, Charles, his heir; and Nicholas, ancestor to those of Boreley, in Essex; and several daughters.
Charles Waldegrave succeeded his father in his estates in this parish; whose son Edward received the honour of knighthood at Greenwich, in 1607, and though upwards of seventy years of age, at the breaking out of the civil wars, yet he nobly took arms in the king's defence, and having the command of a regiment of horse, behaved so bravely, that he had conferred on him the dignity of a baronet, in 1643; after which he continued to act with great courage in the several attacks against the parliamentary forces, in which time he lost two of his sons, and suffered in his estate to the value of fifty thousand pounds.
His great grandson, Sir Henry Waldegrave, in 1686, in the 1st year of king James II. was created a peer, by the title of baron Waldegrave of Chewton, in Somersetshire, and had several offices of trust conferred on him; but on the Revolution he retired into France, and died at Paris, in 1689. (fn. 7) He married Henrietta, natural daughter of king James II. by Arabella Churchill, sister of John duke of Marlborough, by whom he had James, created earl of Waldegrave in the 3d year of king George II. who, in the year 1715, conveyed the castle and these manors to Sir William Humfreys, bart. who that year was lord mayor of the city of London. He was of Barking, in Essex, and had been created a baronet in 1714. He was descended from Nathaniel Humfreys, citizen of London, the second son of William ap Humfrey, of Montgomery, in North Wales, and bore for his arms two coats, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, sable, two nags heads erased argent; 2d and 3d, per pale or and gules, two lions rampant endorsed, counterchanged.
He died in 1735, leaving by his first wife, Margaret, daughter of William Wintour, of Gloucestershire, an only son and heir, Sir Orlando Humfreys, bart. who died in 1737, having had by Ellen, his wife, only child of colonel Robert Lancashire, three sons and two daughters; two of the sons died young; Robert, the second and only surviving son, had the castle and manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas, and died before his father possessed of them, as appears by his epitaph, in 1736, ætat. 28.
On Sir Orlando's death his two daughters became his, as well as their brother's, coheirs, of whom Mary, the eldest, had three husbands; first, William Ball Waring, of Dunston, in Berkshire, who died in 1746, without issue; secondly, John Honywood, esq. second brother of Richard, of Mark's-hall, who likewife died without issue, in 1748; and lastly, Thomas Gore, esq. uncle to Charles Gore, esq. M.P. for Hertfordshire; which latter had married, in 1741, Ellen Wintour, the only daughter of Sir Orlando Humfreys, above mentioned.
They, with their husbands, in 1745, joined in the sale of Hever-castle and the manors of Hever Cobham and Hever Brocas, to Timothy Waldo. He was descended from Thomas Waldo, of Lyons, in France, one of the first who publicly opposed the doctrines of the church of Rome, of whom there is a full account in the Atlas Geograph. vol. ii. and in Moreland's History of the Evangelical Churches of Piedmont. One of his descendants, in the reign of queen Elizabeth, to escape the persecution of the duke D'Alva, came over to England, where he and his descendants afterwards settled, who bore for their arms, Argent a bend azure, between three leopards heads of the second; of whom, in king Charles II.'s reign, there were three brothers, the eldest of whom, Edward, was knighted, and died without male issue, leaving two daughters his coheirs; the eldest of whom, Grace, married first Sir Nicholas Wolstenholme, bart. and secondly, William lord Hunsdon, but died without issue by either of them, in 1729. The second brother was of Harrow, in Middlesex; and Timothy, the third, was an eminent merchant of London, whose grandsons were Edward, who was of South Lambeth, esq. and died in 1783, leaving only one daughter; and Timothy, of Clapham, esquire, the purchaser of this estate, as above mentioned, who was afterwards knighted, and died possessed of it, with near thirteen hundred acres of land round it, in 1786; he married, in 1736, Miss Catherine Wakefield, by whom he left an only daughter and heir, married to George Medley, esq. of Sussex, lady Waldo surviving him is at this time intitled to it.
The castle is entire, and in good condition; it has a moat round it, formed by the river Eden, over which there is a draw bridge, leading to the grand entrance, in the gate of which there is yet a port cullis, within is a quadrangle, round which are the offices, and a great hall; at the upper end of which, above a step, is a large oak table, as usual in former times. The great stair case leads up to several chambers and to the long gallery, the cieling of which is much ornamented with soliage in stucco; the rooms are all wainscotted with small oaken pannels, unpainted. On one side of the gallery is a recess, with an ascent of two steps, and one seat in it, with two returns, capable of holding ten or twelve persons, which, by tradition, was used as a throne, when king Henry VIII. visited the castle. At the upper end of the gallery, on one side of a large window, there is in the floor a kind of trap door, which, when opened, discovers a narrow and dark deep descent, which is said to reach as far as the moat, and at this day is still called the dungeon. In a closet, in one of the towers, the window of which is now stopped up, there is an adjoining chamber, in which queen Anne Bulleyn is said to have been consined after her dis grace. The entrance to this closet, from the chamber, is now by a small door, which at that time was a secret sliding pannel, and is yet called Anne Bulleyn's pannel.
In the windows of Hever-castle are these arms; Argent, three buckles gules, within the garter; a shield of four coasts, Howard, Brotherton, Warren, and Mowbray, argent three buckles gules; a shield of eight coats, viz. Bulleyn, Hoo, St. Omer, Malmains, Wickingham, St. Leger, Wallop, and Ormond; and one, per pale argent and gules, for Waldegrave. (fn. 8)
It is reported, that when Henry VIII. with his attendants, came to the top of the hill, within sight of the castle, he used to wind his bugle horn, to give notice of his approach.
There was a court baron constantly held for each of the above manors till within these forty years, but at present there is only one, both manors being now esteemed but as one, the circuit of which, over the neighbouring parishes, is very extensive.
SEYLIARDS is an estate here which extends itself into the parishes of Brasted and Eatonbridge, but the mansion of it is in this parish, and was the antient seat of the Seyliards, who afterwards branched out from hence into Brasted, Eatonbridge, Chidingstone, and Boxley, in this county.
The first of this name, who is recorded to have possessed this place, was Ralph de Seyliard, who resided here in the reign of king Stephen.
Almerick de Eureux, earl of Gloucester, who lived in the reign of king Henry III. demised lands to Martin at Seyliard, and other lands, called Hedinden, to Richard Seyliard, both of whom were sons of Ralph at Seyliard, and the latter of them was ancestor to those seated here and at Delaware, in Brasted. (fn. 9)
This place continued in his descendants till Sir Tho. Seyliard of Delaware, passed it away to John Petley, esq. who alienated it to Sir Multon Lambarde, of Sevenoke, and he died possessed of it in 1758; and it is now the property of his grandson, Multon Lambarde, of Sevenoke, esq.
Charities.
A PERSON gave, but who or when is unknown, but which has time out of mind been distributed among the poor of this parish, the sum of 10s. yearly, to be paid out of land vested in the churchwardens, and now of that annual produce.
The Rev. JOHN PETER gave by will, about 1661, the sum of 10s. yearly, to be paid for the benefit of poor farmers only, out of land vested in the rector, the heirs of Wm. Douglass, and the heirs of Francis Bowty, and now of that annual produce.
The Rev. GEORGE BORRASTON, rector, and several of the parishioners, as appears by a writing dated in 1693, purchased, with money arising from several bequests, the names of the donors unknown, except that of WILLIAM FALKNER, to which the parishioners added 15l. a piece of land, the rent to be distributed yearly among the poor of the parish, vested in the rector and churchwardens, and of the annual produce of 3l. 12s.
Rev. THOMAS LANCASTER, rector, gave by will in 1714, for buying good books for the poor, and in case books are not wanting for the schooling of poor children at the discretion of the mimister, part of a policy on lives, which was exchanged for a sum of money paid by his executor, being 20l. vested in the minister and churchwardens.
SIR TIMOTHY WALDO gave by will in 1786, 500l. consolidated 3 per cent. Bank Annuities, one moiety of the interest of which to be applied for the placing of some poor boy of the parish apprentice to a farmer, or some handicraft trade, or to the sea service, or in cloathing such poor boy during his apprenticeship, and in case no such poor boy can be found, this moiety to be distributed among such of the industrious poor who do not receive alms. The other moiety to be laid out in buying and distributing flannel waistcoats, or strong shoes, or warm stockings, among such of the industrious or aged poor persons inhabiting within this parish, as do not receive alms, vested in the Salters Company.
HEVER is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester, and being a peculiar of the archbishop, is as such within the deanry of Shoreham. The church, which stands at the east end of the village, is a small, but neat building, consisting of one isle and two chancels, having a handsome spire at the west end of it. It is dedicated to St. Peter.
Among other monuments and inscriptions in it are the following:—In the isle is a grave-stone, on which is the figure of a woman, and inscription in black letter in brass, for Margaret, wife of William Cheyne, obt. 1419, arms, a fess wavy between three crescents.—In the chancel, a memorial for Robert Humfreys, esq. lord of the manor of Heaver, only son and heir of Sir Orlando Humfreys, bart. of Jenkins, in Effex, obt. 1736. Against the wall is a brass plate, with the figure of a man kneeling at a desk, and inscription in black letter for William Todde, schoolmaster to Charles Waldegrave, esq. obt. 1585.—In the north chancel, an altar tomb, with the figure on it at large in brass, of Sir Thomas Bullen, knight of the garter, earl of Wilcher and earl of Ormunde, obt. 1538. A small slab with a brass plate, for ........ Bullayen, the son of Sir Thomas Bullayen.—In the belsry, a stone with a brass plate, and inscription in black letter in French, for John de Cobham, esquire, obt. 1399, and dame Johane, dame de Leukenore his wife, and Renaud their son; near the above is an antient altar tomb for another of that name, on which is a shield of arms in brass, or, on a chevron, three eagles displayed, a star in the dexter point. These were the arms of this branch of the Cobhams, of Sterborough-castle. (fn. 10)
This church is a rectory, the advowson of which belonged to the priory of Combwell, in Goudhurst, and came to the crown with the rest of its possessions at the time of the surrendry of it, in the 7th year of king Henry VIII. in consequence of the act passed that year for the surrendry of all religious houses, under the clear yearly revenue of two hundred pounds. Soon after which this advowson was granted, with the scite of the priory, to Thomas Colepeper, but he did not long possess it; and it appears, by the Escheat Rolls, to have come again into the hands of the crown, and was granted by the king, in his 34th year, to Sir John Gage, to hold in capite by knights service; who exchanged it again with Tho. Colepeper, to confirm which an act passed the year after. (fn. 11) His son and heir, Alexander Colepeper, had possession granted of sundry premises, among which was the advowson of Hever, held in capite by knights service, in the 3d and 4th years of king Philip and queen Mary; the year after which it was, among other premises, granted to Sir Edward Waldegrave, to hold by the like tenure.
Charles Waldegrave, esq. in the 12th year of queen Elizabeth, alienated this advowson to John Lennard, esq. of Chevening, and being entailed to his heirs male, by the last will of Sampson Lennard, esq. his eldest son, under the word hereditament possessed it, and it being an advowson in gross, was never disentailed by Henry, Richard, or Francis, lords Dacre, his descendants, so that it came to Thomas lord Dacre, son of the last mentioned Francis, lord Dacre, afterwards earl of Sussex, in 1673, and at length sole heir male of the descendants of John Lennard, esq. of Chevening, above mentioned; and the same trial was had for the claim of a moiety of it, at the Queen's-bench bar, as for the rest of the earl's estates, and a verdict then obtained in his favour, as has been already fully mentioned before, under Chevening.
The earl of Sussex died possessed of it in 1715, (fn. 12) whose two daughters, his coheirs, on their father's death became entitled to this advowson, and a few years afterwards alienated the same.
It then became the property of the Rev. Mr. Geo. Lewis, as it has since of the Rev. Mr. Hamlin, whose daughter marrying the Rev. Mr. Nott, of Little Horsted, in Sussex, he is now intitled to it.
In the 15th year of king Edward I. this church of Heure was valued at fifteen marcs.
By virtue of a commission of enquiry, taken by order of the state, in 1650, issuing out of chancery, it was returned, that Hever was a parsonage, with a house, and twelve acres of glebe land, which, with the tithes, were worth seventy-seven pounds per annum, master John Petter being then incumbent, and receiving the profits, and that Francis lord Dacre was donor of it. (fn. 13)
This rectory was valued, in 1747, at 1831. per annum, as appears by the particulars then made for the sale of it.
It is valued, in the king's books, at 15l. 17s. 3½d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 10s. 8¾d. It is now of the yearly value of about 200l.
¶The priory of Combwell, in Goudhurst, was endowed by Robert de Thurnham, the founder of that house, in the reign of king Henry II. with his tithe of Lincheshele and sundry premises in this parish, for which the religious received from the rector of this church the annual sum of 43s. 4d.
Do not use this image without my permission. © All rights reserved. Kurt Preissler Photography www.kurtpreissler.com
The Palazzo Grimani during The Venice Biennale 2024.
Inside the Sala a Fogliami is a cieling fresco by Camillo Mantovano, where the ceiling entirely covered with fruit trees, flowers and animals.
My name is Connor Queen. Following the death of my father Oliver, I discovered that he wasn’t who I thought he was. He was the saviour of Star City, a masked hero known as the Green Arrow. I intend to continue his mission of saving the innocent from those who do harm and fulfill his legacy; this is my story.
PREVIOUSLY: The masked villain continues to kill costumed heroes in Star City. After Connor is beaten by him, Dinah calls in an old friend to help bring him down.
We zoomed through the city on the motorcycles. My nose was throbbing and my chest ached a bit, but I shook it off. We had someone to catch. The computer said it was at a warehouse downtown. I turned onto Prince Street following my mother and John.
We reached the warehouse where there was a line of police cars surrounding it. Mom approached the chief.
“Commissioner, what’s going on?”
“We’ve got a hostage situation: the serial killer–codenamed Onomatopoeia– is holding approximately 10 officers that disappeared earlier this week.” She looked at John. “You a rookie?”
“We’ll get in there and find them,” I interjected. The commissioner sighed grimly.
“Look, a couple of wannabes have gone in already. They’re probably dead by now. Just... be careful. We haven’t had someone like this in a while. One more thing: recently a lot of pretenders have shown up, do your best to shut them down, make an announcement or something; we know you know what you’re doing, but some of the dead pretenders we’ve found are just 16 year old kids.” I gulped–that was younger than me. I nodded understandingly.
“We can have a crew shoot a video of me, if you want,” I offered. The commissioner shrugged. “We’ll figure something out. Get in there.”
We cautiously crept up to the warehouse. John kicked the door in and we snuck inside.
We cleared the first level–nothing. We got to the second level and there was nothing. When we got to the third level, however, my stomach churned in repulsion–there were 9 dead officers laying on the floor. I looked down the hallway, straining my eyes. Out of another doorway came the two pretenders. I loaded my bow.
“What are you doing here?” I demanded. One of them was wearing a shirt with a skull on it. He spoke up.
“Same thing you are. We want to stop this guy.”
That was it. The past little bit I’d been shot, stabbed, beaten up, and had to sit on the sidelines while fools like these rushed in and thought they could do whatever they wanted. They didn’t think about dying, about the guilt I felt inspiring them to run into the grinder. All that guilt, anger and frustration came to a head.
“You’re not going to stop him. If you try to, he will kill you. YOU UNDERSTAND?!” They jumped as I raised my voice. John put a hand on my shoulder. “Easy, soldier,” he said in a stern, calm voice. I pointed another way.
“You two are going to go outside and turn yourselves in right now. You are never–and I repeat NEVER– to come back out on the streets again. You hear me?” The other one smirked.
“Why should we listen to you?”
This idiot. I honestly hoped he would say that so I could teach him a lesson, or let him go so he could be killed himself. I was about to shoot him through the leg when we heard shouting. At the end of the hallway, someone appeared dressed in security guard apparell.
“Help!” He shouted. Something cold trickled down my spine. This whole thing was a trap. Onomatopoeia wanted me here right now. I looked extra hard and saw that the guard was wearing the mask. However, Snarky couldn’t, and ran off after him. Skull shirt tried to stop him, shouting “Renee–wait!” But Snarky/Renee kept on going, disappearing around the corner after Onomatopoeia.
My stomach seemed to drop to me feet. We had to bet out of here. Now.
“We have to leave. He’s here, and coming for us.”
“What about m–”
“Your friend is DEAD. Do you hear me? There’s nothing you can do now.”
On the roof above us, we heard a crash. Then a part of the cieling caved in, followed by Onomatopoeia standing on the dead body of Snarky. We all ran in different diections as he started shooting the hallway we were in up with two SMGs.
“Bang, bang, bang.”
Skull Shirt tried to get the high ground by standing on a crate by was immediatley shot down. I dived around the corner and loaded my bow. I looked around and saw him fighting John and Mom. John ducked as Onomatopoeia took a swing at him while mom used her Canary’s Cry device and screamed, the soundwaves pushing Onotmatopoeia into the wall. I ran out and shot and arrow into his shoulder and he went down.. He had to be out now, for sure. We gathered around him. He jumped up, kicking mom and I in the face and John shot him. The bullets implanted themselves in his chest–he must hav been wearing some durable material.
I ducked as Onomatopoeia took a shot at me. John nailed him in the face with a right hook while Mom tripped him, bringing him to the ground. He promptly pulled a third gun out of the security guard’s belt and shot her. She crumpled to the ground as John grabbed his head and shoved it into his head, for sure breaking his nose. Onomatopoeia staggered back as I ran straight at him, my blood pulsing in my ears. He had broken me, killed officers and kids, and shot my mom. He was going to pay.
He reached into his belt and pulled out a little pellet. He dropped it and it exploded, filling the room with gas. I frantically covered my nose, but it was no use. As the world went dark and he walked over to me, I managed to get a message to John.
“Get–her–ou–”
The main stairwell in the abandoned Woodmen's Circle Home in Sherman, Texas.
For more information on this old building, click here.
Night, dark room, slight ambient sodium vapor light, natural flashlight and natural strobe.
Atlantean 4760 A760 NNA was the first bus refurbished by GMBuses North at AN depot with semi coach seats, new floors, carpeted cieling and diptac style grab rails.. After ending its GM service life at WN depot it was transfered to First Huddersfield and repainted into Barbie 2. It was a superb bus to travel on and it really should have been preserved! Here is a rear shot of her after setting down just outside Huddersfield bus station.
You've probably seen it before :-) .The Pantheon in Rome from the 2:nd centrury. One of the most photogenic locations in the world. Fantastic architecture.
This picture has been shot with my 35 mm Chinon film camera, developed and scanned to my computer.
Really proud of these pictures. Took about 20 shoots & 2 hours of editing to correct lighting after photo merging. Normally, with larger images like this photo merge does not work. The top left of the picture is oversaturated. I could have cropped out, but I wanted to show the beauty of the high vaulted cieling. Even so, proud of the pic! Happy it turned out the way it did.
Virovitica. (Sa slikom.)
Virovitica, Sesta rimska, inače Verucia, Veroeza, Verevzha. Werowitz, Werwetitz, Weröwitz pisana i nazvana, mjesto je u povjesti našoj dosta važno. Za Rimljana ležaše na cesti, koja no Petovium (Ptuj) sa Mursom (Osiek) spajaše. U okolici nadjeno je Vespasianovih novaca, a jedan kamen ležao je dugo pod humkom vlastelinskoga grada na iztoku ; neznam kud je dospio. Neima dvojbe, da su i u ono vrieme putujuće rimske čete ovdje boravljale , buduć mjesto, na pol puta izmedju spomenutih gradova, dobru sgodu za odmor davaše.
Za vrieme ugarskih kraljeva bijaše Virovitica "arxreginalis" ; u njoj čini 1242. kralj Bela IV. Zagreb slobodnim gradom. Tom sgodom utemelji on ovdje, kako vele, samostan dominikanski, koga 1553. Turci razvališe. Temeljni zidovi toga samostana bijahu još pred 40 godina u vrtu Cindrićevu izmedju stare vojarne i gostione, nu kad se cesta gradila, bude kamenje i opeka povadjena , te za cestu upotriebljena. Godine 1270-1272, dakle za kraljevanja Stjepana. V. kovahu se u Virovitici novci jedino za Hrvatsku i Slavoniju , tako zvani „zagrebački denari", kojih 200 vriediše 5 pjeneza ili 1 marku, t. j. 4 for. ugarska. Novce kovahu poduzetnici uz dobre kamate. Tako iznajmi 1348 . Jakov, sin Ulfarda gričkoga (zagrebačkoga) od kralja Ljudevita 1. pjenezarstvo ciele Slavonije (ovamo se pribrajaše i liep komad Hrvatske Savi na sjeveru) za 300 maraka, mogaše dakle za kovane svoje novce odredjene postotke nametati i pobirati. Nedvojbeno, da je znao taj Manihejac kao i drugi njegove vrsti mastno računati i bolje bditi, da se krivi novci nekuju, nego li ikoj policista. U to vrieme bijaše Virovitica vlastničtvo kraljevskoga dvorskoga nadvratara Mirka Marczalya: njemu pripadaše grad i okolica već od godine 1445. Tvrdjava bila već znatno razširena i za gradjanskoga rata, pod vladanjem Sibinjanina Janka buknuloga, povećana. Sabor doduše peštanski odredi god. 1445, da se pod kaznu veleizdajstva sve u to vrieme podignute tvrdjave opet urušiti imadu, ali dozvoli ujedno, da se osim onih na Savi i oko Požege proti Osmanlijam sagradjenih takodjer i virovitička ostaviti može. Gospodar joj Marczaly pogibe kao j unak na Kosovu 19. listopada 1448. Čini se, da joj tada bio kastelanom Banfy. Ovaj ju učvrsti sa četiri veoma jake kule i dvoje vrata.
Medju uglednimi plemići slavonskimi nalazimo na saboru budirnskom god. ]447, 14. rujna osim Pavla Cerničkoga, Ladislava plem. Lezana, Nikole pl. Lanice, Ivana pl. Lakovleca iz požeške, nadalje Fabijana pl. Filgevara, Ladislava de Bezence i Nikole Deaka iz vukovarske, jošte takodjer i Vida te Osvalda Virovitičkoga iz virovitičke županije."
I sta županija imaše osim danaka, što se redovito uplaćivahu te jedno vrieme , osobito za . kralja Žige po Izraelićanih utjerivahu, jošte u slučaju rata 900 momaka na noge staviti i naoružati. 400 do 900 vojnika bijahu jedna banderija, Plaće dobivaše svaki konjanik jedan forint ili 28 groši, a pješak 13 groši na tjedan. Tako bar za kralja Ladislava po cieloj ugarskoj državi, dakle i po sriemskoj, požeškoj i virovitičkoj županiji, koje se pribrajahu Ugarskoj.
Dok je bio Armin grof Celjski "prorex" god. 1405 do 1435, vladaše on neograničeno ujedno kao prorex ciele Slavonije cielom tom zemljom, dakle i samim gradom Viroviticom. Armin i sin mu Ulrik, u zlobi, okrutnosti i nemoralnosti otcu svomu ne samo ravan nego veći od njega, tlačili su narod strahovito. Oti otimači stekoše silno bogatstvo; kamo dodjoše, zadavahu strah i trepet. Sigurno su tada takodjer i u tamnici virovitičkoj gdje-koji, ma i nedužni, stenjali u verigah, što no jim plemeniti nasilnici nametnuše. Zlotvora Ulrika ubiše neki poštenjaci, kojim je svojimi spletkanii o glavi radio, god. 1456, 11 studenoga u Beogradu. Njim izgubi sva zemlja i županija virovitička gospodara, koj je silnije vladao i teži jaram nametao nego isti kralj. Njegova dobra u Slavoniji kupe Ivan Vitovec grof križevački, bivši kastelan Ulrikov ; zatim grof Montfort i neki njihov rodjak Weisspriacher od Katice, kćeri despote Gjure Brankovića, udove Ulrikove. Ivan Vitovec prkosio još godine 1465 naredbam kralja Matije Korvina tako drzovito, da je kralj svomu ugledu za volju virovitičkoga velikoga župana Bertolda Ellerbacha njegovim nadzornikom imenovati morao. God. 1495 dodje u virovitički grad visok gost. Kralj Vladislav II, uvriedjen po oholom i nepokornom vojvodi Lovrincu Iločkomu (jer preziruć mladoga kralja, njegovim se zapovjedim pokoravati nehtjede), zaključi, da će opornoga vojvodu na poslušnost prisiliti, na plaćanje dužne štibre primorati i najstrožije kazniti radi pogrda, kojimi bijaše kraljevu osobu obezčastio. Vladislav skupi vojsku, kojom prebogatoga velikana proganjati započe. Lovrinac učvrsti krasni orahovički grad te se unj povuče. Medjutim obeća kralj spomenuti grad despoti Vuku Brankoviću, ako ga zauzme; on sam otide u Viroviticu sa množinom pratilaca.Ovdje boravljaše dosta. dugo odbijajuć opetovano prošnje Iločkoga i slušajuć gruvanje topova oko Orahovice.
Za turskih je ratova kao što i mnoga druga mjesta naše, žalibog toli postradale, domovine tako i Virovitica odigrala svoju žalostnu ulogu. Oko nje se 10. rujna 1037 utabori s cielom vojskom general Katzensteiner, da od ovud svoje operacije proti Mohamed-Jahi-Oglu-u udesi te odatle svoj put preko Kapinara, Sopja, Dolnjega Miholjca i Valpova prama Osieku nastavi, gdje se Jahi-Oglu nalazio.
Sliedeće godine, 1538 bude u Velikoj i u Virovitici po naredbi bana Petra Keglevića i Tome Nadaždy-a velika množina zaire za vojsku nagomilana. Nu uzprkos svim tim pripravam uništi Jahi-Oglu malo po malo kraljevsku vojsku po cieloj županiji; Virovitica dodje na novo pod tursko gospodarstvo. Njom vladahu odsele age . i· bezi; tako god. 1591 Mustafa aga Virovitički, koj iste godine sa 72 kapetana Hassan-pašu Bosanskoga do Moslavine u Hrvatskoj odprati, da s njim ovo mjesto i velik dio Hrvatske osvoji. Poražen pako i potjeran odanle od bana Tome Erdöda pobježe sa svojimi kapetani do Gradca, današnje željezničke postaje na pruzi Zakanskoj. Ondje ga i kapetane uloviše i zarobiše gradski zapovjednici Stjepan Grasswein Koprivnički, Alban Grasswein zapovjednik Ivanički i Mihovio Székely, zakovjednik Križevački." Virovitica ostane ipak turska; zaman ju obsjedoše 1597 Žiga grof Herberstein, da ju osvoji. Nemogav ju predobiti, odjuri u Slatinu, pokolje tamo stanujuće Turke, dade mjesto zapaliti, ujedno svu okolicu u obsegu od 4 milje opustošiti a svekolike kršćanske stanovnike premjesti sa svimi pokretniuami i blagom u okolicu Križevačku, po Turčinu stanovnika lišenu i sasvim opustošenu. Žalostno zaista vrieme ! Vojske tobože na obranu dolazeće harahu i pljenjahu istim nasiljem kao i sami Turci! Kako 1597 Herberstein, tako dodje 1603 njemačka četa plieneć i harajuć do blizu Virovitice . Akoprem su takovi podhvati imali biti osveta Turkom, to je ipak samo postradao kukavni naš narod. Silno je, kako vidimo, postradala i Virovitica sa okolicom za onih 130 godina, što bijaše pod turskim gospodstvom, dok ju neoslobodi Jakov grof Leslie 1684. U gradini bilo tada 500 turskih vojnika, nu 2300 inih Turaka, što muževa, što žena i djece, a na čelu jim Ali Beg Mufti sa 6 aga. Imahu 16 većih i manjih topova, dosta zaire. i nekoliko tisuća kamenite soli. Grofovi Leslie, Trautmansdorf, Herberstein i Adam Zrinjski započeše jurišanje žestokom pucnjavom topova nu nemogahu grada osvojiti na juriš, buduć Turci svaki nastali požar brže bolje mokrimi ćebeti ugasiše, Odlučiše dakle grad sa svih strana obkoliti i Turkom odlazak i dolazak 'prepriečiti. To se dade tim laglje učiniti, što je oko grada bila oširoka močvara i duboki obkop. Turci, bojeć se glada, zamole kapitulaciju te se pred odoše uz dozvolu slobodnoga odlazka i oružane pratnje do Save. To jim se dozvoli. 600 vojnika jih odprate, ali putem negdje jih dočekaju krajišniei banski, većinu Turaka pokolju i opliene. Po odlazku Turaka bude zapovjednik virovitički imenovan grof Friedrich Gall, a mjesto na tvrđavom bijaše već tada vojničkoj krajini. Gjurgjevačke pukovnije pripojeno - nu za kratko vrieme.God. 1715 htjedoše stališi na svu silu od cara Karla polučiti, da se županija virovitička kruni pripoji. Istom Marija Terezija odluči, da ima biti spojena s Hrvatskom god. 1746. - 27. travnja. Uz sve nevolje, koje bijahu šibale Viroviticu od prokletoga Turčina. nastojaše ona
ipak kao i ciela županija oko napredka i razvitka škole, osobito počam od godine 1777.
Današnja Virovitica nije doduše više, kao nekoč, središte ciele po njoj nazvane županije - nu središte velikoga vlastelinskoga imanja, što no ga njemački knez Schaumburg Lippe god. 1841 od grofa Aleksandra Pejačevića kupi. Imanje sa Miklošem, 1842 od pl. Mihaljevića i sa Špišić-Bukovicom godine 1861 od grofice Pejačević odnosno obitelji Špišićeve kupljenom, ima svega 77450 katastralnih jutara i 962 četv. hvati, t. j.dakle preko 7 kvadratnih milja.
Najljepša je, upravo krasna sgrada, u mjestu vlastelinski grad na istom mjestu, gdje je jošte god. 1777 stajala prastara tvrdjava na četiriti ugla, sa četiri tornja predebelih zidina. U tih je kulah grof Pejačević držao žito i uredio crkvicu-, nu god. 1798 ili 1799 dade tvrdjavu razvaliti te 1800 do 1804 sagraditi današnji dvor. Od stare tvrdjave preosta jedino kapija ili kuba opekom zametnuta, novom dvoru na zapad. U toj je kapiji ogroman kameni grb, koj se prigodom strahovitoga požara god. 1871, 20 travnja, kada je pol Virovitice i sam vlastelinski dvor izgorio, sa svoga mjesta pod krovom srušio; da nikomu nesmeta, premjestiše ga ovamo. Kapija i grb . veoma su interesantni predmeti. Osim vlastelinskoga dvora spominjemo jošte i samostan Franjevaca. Utemeljen je godine 1325 po kraljici Jelisavi, koja ujedno iste godine Franjevce u Viroviticu uvede . Turci ga razvališe 1533 pa tek bude 1729. od milosrdnih prinesaka na novo sagradjen; crkva 1751 do zidana uza nj.
Ernest Kramberger
s288 6413 Vienac1880 br. 18 Virovitica - Vlastelinski grad Risao prof. Ernest Kramberger Zabavi i pouci Tečaj XII. Uredjuje ga August Šenoa Izdaje dionička tiskara 1880. u Zagrebu Tisak dioničke tiskare
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ERNEST KRAMBERGER
(Podravska Slatina, 1843. - Celovec, 1920.);
Škole je pohađao u Bjelovaru, Grazu i Vinkovcima. Studirao je u Grazu i Beču, 1872. službovao na gimnazijama u Osijeku, Požegi, Karlovcu i Bjelovaru, gdje je od 1886. do 1892. ravnatelj Gimnazije. Plodan je pisac: surađivao je u ˝Vijencu˝, ˝Prosvjeti˝ i drugim listovima.
Napisao je ˝Povijest kr. male real. gimnazije bjelovarske˝, 1877. i niz historijskih rasprava.
Bavio se i crtanjem pejzaža, te su mnogi njegovi radovi bili objavljeni u časopisima i knjigama.
Zajedno s J. Hohnjecom 1885. naslikao je sliku ˝Pogled na Bjelovar s Mlinovca˝, i ta je slika 1888. poklonjena caru Franji Josipu prigodom posjeta Bjelovaru.
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They even had a lift out to get the edge of the ceiling
Picture Taken at: Kroger 5150 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, TX 77005
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On the way back from Oxfordshire, I thought about stopping off somewhere to take some church shots.
I'm sure Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey and Sussex have fine churches just off the motorway, but one had stuck in my head, back in Kent, and that Hever.
What I didn't realise is how hard it was to get too.
I followed the sat nav, taking me off the motorway whilst still in Sussex, then along narrow and twisting main roads along the edge of the north downs, through some very fine villages, but were in Sussex.
Would I see the sign marking my return to the Garden of England?
Yes, yes I would.
Edenbridge seemed quite an unexpectedly urban place, despite its name, so I didn't stop to search for an older centre, just pressing un until I was able to turn down Hever Road.
It had taken half an hour to get here.
St Peter stands by the gate to the famous castle, a place we have yet to visit, and even on a showery Saturday in March, there was a constant stream of visitors arriving.
I asked a nice young man who was directing traffic, where I could park to visit the church. He directed me to the staff car park, meaning I was able to get this shot before going in.
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Near the grounds of Hever Castle, medieval home of the Bullen family. Sandstone construction with a nice west tower and spire. There is a prominent chimney to the north chapel, although this is not the usual Victorian addition, but a Tudor feature, whose little fireplace may be seen inside! The church contains much of interest including a nineteenth-century painting of Christ before Caiphas by Reuben Sayers and another from the school of Tintoretto. The stained glass is all nineteenth and twentieth century and includes a wonderfully evocative east window (1898) by Burlisson and Grylls with quite the most theatrical sheep! The south chancel window of St Peter is by Hardman and dated 1877. In the north chapel is a fine tomb chest which displays the memorial brass of Sir Thomas Bullen (d. 1538), father of Queen Anne Boleyn. Just around the corner is a typical, though rather insubstantial, seventeenth-century pulpit with sounding board.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Hever
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HEVER.
SOUTH-EASTWARD from Eatonbridge lies Hever, called in the Textus Roffensis, and some antient records, Heure, and in others, Evere.
This parish lies below the sand hill, and is consequently in that district of this county called The Weald.
There is a small part of it, called the Borough of Linckbill, comprehending a part of this parish, Chidingstone, and Hever, which is within the hundred of Ruxley, and being part of the manor of Great Orpington, the manerial rights of it belong to Sir John Dixon Dyke, bart. the owner of that manor.
THE PARISH of Hever is long, and narrow from north to south. It lies wholly below the sand hills, and consequently in the district of the Weald; the soil and face of the country is the same as that of Eatonbridge, last described, the oak trees in it being in great plently, and in general growing to a very large size. The river Eden directs its course across it, towards Penshurst and the Medway, flowing near the walls of Hever castle, about a quarter of a mile southward from which is the village of Hever and the parsonage; near the northern side of the river is the seat of Polebrooke, late Douglass's, now Mrs. Susannah Payne's; and a little farther, the hamlets of Howgreen and Bowbeach; part of Linckhill borough, which is in the hundred of Ruxley, extends into this parish. There is a strange odd saying here, very frequent among the common people, which is this:
Jesus Christ never was but once at Hever.
And then he fell into the river.
Which can only be accounted for, by supposing that it alluded to a priest, who was carrying the bost to a sick person, and passing in his way over a bridge, sell with it into the river.
Hever was once the capital seat and manor of a family of the same name, whose still more antient possessions lay at Hever, near Northfleet, in this county, who bore for their arms, Gules, a cross argent. These arms, with a lable of three points azure, still remained in the late Mote-house, in Maidstone, and are quartered in this manner by the earl of Thanet, one of whose ancestors, Nicholas Tuston, esq. of Northiam, married Margaret, daughter and heir of John Hever of this county. (fn. 1)
William de Heure. possessed a moiety of this place in the reign of king Edward I. in the 2d of which he was was sheriff of this county, and in the 9th of it obtained a grant of free warren within his demesne lands in Heure, Chidingstone, and Lingefield.
Sir Ralph de Heure seems at this time to have possessed the other moiety of this parish, between whose son and heir, Ralph, and Nicholas, abbot of St. Augustine's, there had been, as appears by the register of that abbey, several disputes concerning lands in Hever, which was settled in the 4th year of king Edward I. by the abbot's granting to him and his heirs for ever, the land which he held of him in Hever, to hold by the service of the fourth part of a knight's fee.
William de Hever, in the reign of king Edward III. became possessed of the whole of this manor, and new built the mansion here, and had licence to embattle it; soon after which he died, leaving two daughters his coheirs; one of whom, Joane, carried one moiety of this estate in marriage to Reginald Cobham, a younger son of the Cobhams of Cobham, in this county; (fn. 2) whence this part of Hever, to distinguish it from the other, acquired the name of Hever Cobham.
His son, Reginald lord Cobham, in the 14th year of that reign, obtained a charter for free warren within his demesne lands in Hever. (fn. 3) He was succeeded in this manor by his son, Reginald lord Cobham, who was of Sterborough castle, in Surry, whence this branch was stiled Cobhams of Sterborough.
The other moiety of Hever, by Margaret, the other daughter and coheir, went in marriage to Sir Oliver Brocas, and thence gained the name of Hever Brocas. One of his descendants alienated it to Reginald lord Cobham, of Sterborough, last mentioned, who died possessed of both these manors in the 6th year of king Henry IV.
His grandson, Sir Thomas Cobham, sold these manors to Sir Geoffry Bulleyn, a wealthy mercer of London, who had been lord mayor in the 37th year of king Henry VI. He died possessed of both Hever Cobham and Hever Brocas, in the 3d year of king Edward IV. leaving by Anne, his wife, eldest sister of Thomas, lord Hoo and Hastings, Sir William Bulleyn, of Blickling, in Norfolk, who married Margaret, daughter and coheir of Thomas Boteler, earl of Ormond, by whom he had a son and heir, Thomas, who became a man of eminent note in the reign of king Henry VIII. and by reason of the king's great affection to the lady Anne Bulleyn, his daughter, was in the 17th year of that reign, created viscount Rochford; and in the 21st year of it, being then a knight of the Garter, to that of earl of Wiltshire and Ormond; viz. Wiltshire to his heirs male, and Ormond to his heirs general.
He resided here, and added greatly to those buildings, which his grandfather, Sir Geoffry Bulleyn, began in his life time, all which he completely finished, and from this time this seat seems to have been constantly called HEVER-CASTLE.
He died in the 30th of the same reign, possessed of this castle, with the two manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas, having had by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, one sonGeorge, executed in his life time; and two daughters, Anne, wife to king Henry VIII. and Mary, wife of William Carey, esquire of the body, and ancestor of the lords Hunsdon and the earls of Dover and Monmouth.
On the death of the earl of Wiltshire, without issue male, who lies buried in this church, under an altar tomb of black marble, on which is his figure, as large as the life, in brass, dressed in the robes of the Garter, the king seised on this castle and these manors, in right of his late wife, the unfortunate Anne Bulleyn, the earl's daughter, who resided at Hever-castle whilst the king courted her, there being letters of both extant, written by them from and to this place, and her chamber in it is still called by her name; and they remained in his hands till the 32d year of his reign, when he granted to the lady Anne of Cleves, his repudiated wife, his manors of Hever, Seale, and Kemsing, among others, and his park of Hever, with its rights, members, and appurtenances, then in the king's hands; and all other estates in Hever, Seale, and Kemsing, lately purchased by him of Sir William Bulleyn and William Bulleyn, clerk, to hold to her during life, so long as she should stay within the realm, and not depart out of it without his licence, at the yearly rent of 931. 13s. 3½d. payable at the court of augmention. She died possessed of the castle, manors, and estates of Hever, in the 4th and 5th year of king Philip and queen Mary, when they reverted again to the crown, where they continued but a short time, for they were sold that year, by commissioners authorised for this purpose, to Sir Edward Waldegrave and dame Frances his wife; soon after which the park seems to have have been disparked.
This family of Waldegrave, antiently written Walgrave, is so named from a place, called Walgrave, in the county of Northampton, at which one of them was resident in the reign of king John, whose descendants afterwards settled in Essex, and bore for their arms, Per pale argent and gules. Warine de Walgrave is the first of them mentioned, whose son, John de Walgrave, was sheriff of London, in the 7th year of king John's reign, whose direct descendant was Sir Edward Waldegrave, who purchased this estate, as before mentioned. (fn. 5) He had been a principal officer of the household to the princess Mary; at the latter end of the reign of king Edward VI. he incurred the king's displeasure much by his attachment to her interest, and was closely imprisoned in the Tower; but the king's death happening soon afterwards, queen Mary amply recompensed his sufferings by the continued marks of her favour and bounty, which she conferred on him; and in the 4th and 5th years of that reign, he obtained, as above mentioned, on very easy terms, the castle and manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas; and besides being employed by the queen continually in commissions of trust and importance, had many grants of lands and other favours bestowed on him. But on the death of queen Mary, in 1558, he was divested of all his employments, and committed prisoner to the Tower, (fn. 6) where he died in the 3d year of queen Elizabeth. He left two sons, Charles, his heir; and Nicholas, ancestor to those of Boreley, in Essex; and several daughters.
Charles Waldegrave succeeded his father in his estates in this parish; whose son Edward received the honour of knighthood at Greenwich, in 1607, and though upwards of seventy years of age, at the breaking out of the civil wars, yet he nobly took arms in the king's defence, and having the command of a regiment of horse, behaved so bravely, that he had conferred on him the dignity of a baronet, in 1643; after which he continued to act with great courage in the several attacks against the parliamentary forces, in which time he lost two of his sons, and suffered in his estate to the value of fifty thousand pounds.
His great grandson, Sir Henry Waldegrave, in 1686, in the 1st year of king James II. was created a peer, by the title of baron Waldegrave of Chewton, in Somersetshire, and had several offices of trust conferred on him; but on the Revolution he retired into France, and died at Paris, in 1689. (fn. 7) He married Henrietta, natural daughter of king James II. by Arabella Churchill, sister of John duke of Marlborough, by whom he had James, created earl of Waldegrave in the 3d year of king George II. who, in the year 1715, conveyed the castle and these manors to Sir William Humfreys, bart. who that year was lord mayor of the city of London. He was of Barking, in Essex, and had been created a baronet in 1714. He was descended from Nathaniel Humfreys, citizen of London, the second son of William ap Humfrey, of Montgomery, in North Wales, and bore for his arms two coats, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, sable, two nags heads erased argent; 2d and 3d, per pale or and gules, two lions rampant endorsed, counterchanged.
He died in 1735, leaving by his first wife, Margaret, daughter of William Wintour, of Gloucestershire, an only son and heir, Sir Orlando Humfreys, bart. who died in 1737, having had by Ellen, his wife, only child of colonel Robert Lancashire, three sons and two daughters; two of the sons died young; Robert, the second and only surviving son, had the castle and manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas, and died before his father possessed of them, as appears by his epitaph, in 1736, ætat. 28.
On Sir Orlando's death his two daughters became his, as well as their brother's, coheirs, of whom Mary, the eldest, had three husbands; first, William Ball Waring, of Dunston, in Berkshire, who died in 1746, without issue; secondly, John Honywood, esq. second brother of Richard, of Mark's-hall, who likewife died without issue, in 1748; and lastly, Thomas Gore, esq. uncle to Charles Gore, esq. M.P. for Hertfordshire; which latter had married, in 1741, Ellen Wintour, the only daughter of Sir Orlando Humfreys, above mentioned.
They, with their husbands, in 1745, joined in the sale of Hever-castle and the manors of Hever Cobham and Hever Brocas, to Timothy Waldo. He was descended from Thomas Waldo, of Lyons, in France, one of the first who publicly opposed the doctrines of the church of Rome, of whom there is a full account in the Atlas Geograph. vol. ii. and in Moreland's History of the Evangelical Churches of Piedmont. One of his descendants, in the reign of queen Elizabeth, to escape the persecution of the duke D'Alva, came over to England, where he and his descendants afterwards settled, who bore for their arms, Argent a bend azure, between three leopards heads of the second; of whom, in king Charles II.'s reign, there were three brothers, the eldest of whom, Edward, was knighted, and died without male issue, leaving two daughters his coheirs; the eldest of whom, Grace, married first Sir Nicholas Wolstenholme, bart. and secondly, William lord Hunsdon, but died without issue by either of them, in 1729. The second brother was of Harrow, in Middlesex; and Timothy, the third, was an eminent merchant of London, whose grandsons were Edward, who was of South Lambeth, esq. and died in 1783, leaving only one daughter; and Timothy, of Clapham, esquire, the purchaser of this estate, as above mentioned, who was afterwards knighted, and died possessed of it, with near thirteen hundred acres of land round it, in 1786; he married, in 1736, Miss Catherine Wakefield, by whom he left an only daughter and heir, married to George Medley, esq. of Sussex, lady Waldo surviving him is at this time intitled to it.
The castle is entire, and in good condition; it has a moat round it, formed by the river Eden, over which there is a draw bridge, leading to the grand entrance, in the gate of which there is yet a port cullis, within is a quadrangle, round which are the offices, and a great hall; at the upper end of which, above a step, is a large oak table, as usual in former times. The great stair case leads up to several chambers and to the long gallery, the cieling of which is much ornamented with soliage in stucco; the rooms are all wainscotted with small oaken pannels, unpainted. On one side of the gallery is a recess, with an ascent of two steps, and one seat in it, with two returns, capable of holding ten or twelve persons, which, by tradition, was used as a throne, when king Henry VIII. visited the castle. At the upper end of the gallery, on one side of a large window, there is in the floor a kind of trap door, which, when opened, discovers a narrow and dark deep descent, which is said to reach as far as the moat, and at this day is still called the dungeon. In a closet, in one of the towers, the window of which is now stopped up, there is an adjoining chamber, in which queen Anne Bulleyn is said to have been consined after her dis grace. The entrance to this closet, from the chamber, is now by a small door, which at that time was a secret sliding pannel, and is yet called Anne Bulleyn's pannel.
In the windows of Hever-castle are these arms; Argent, three buckles gules, within the garter; a shield of four coasts, Howard, Brotherton, Warren, and Mowbray, argent three buckles gules; a shield of eight coats, viz. Bulleyn, Hoo, St. Omer, Malmains, Wickingham, St. Leger, Wallop, and Ormond; and one, per pale argent and gules, for Waldegrave. (fn. 8)
It is reported, that when Henry VIII. with his attendants, came to the top of the hill, within sight of the castle, he used to wind his bugle horn, to give notice of his approach.
There was a court baron constantly held for each of the above manors till within these forty years, but at present there is only one, both manors being now esteemed but as one, the circuit of which, over the neighbouring parishes, is very extensive.
SEYLIARDS is an estate here which extends itself into the parishes of Brasted and Eatonbridge, but the mansion of it is in this parish, and was the antient seat of the Seyliards, who afterwards branched out from hence into Brasted, Eatonbridge, Chidingstone, and Boxley, in this county.
The first of this name, who is recorded to have possessed this place, was Ralph de Seyliard, who resided here in the reign of king Stephen.
Almerick de Eureux, earl of Gloucester, who lived in the reign of king Henry III. demised lands to Martin at Seyliard, and other lands, called Hedinden, to Richard Seyliard, both of whom were sons of Ralph at Seyliard, and the latter of them was ancestor to those seated here and at Delaware, in Brasted. (fn. 9)
This place continued in his descendants till Sir Tho. Seyliard of Delaware, passed it away to John Petley, esq. who alienated it to Sir Multon Lambarde, of Sevenoke, and he died possessed of it in 1758; and it is now the property of his grandson, Multon Lambarde, of Sevenoke, esq.
Charities.
A PERSON gave, but who or when is unknown, but which has time out of mind been distributed among the poor of this parish, the sum of 10s. yearly, to be paid out of land vested in the churchwardens, and now of that annual produce.
The Rev. JOHN PETER gave by will, about 1661, the sum of 10s. yearly, to be paid for the benefit of poor farmers only, out of land vested in the rector, the heirs of Wm. Douglass, and the heirs of Francis Bowty, and now of that annual produce.
The Rev. GEORGE BORRASTON, rector, and several of the parishioners, as appears by a writing dated in 1693, purchased, with money arising from several bequests, the names of the donors unknown, except that of WILLIAM FALKNER, to which the parishioners added 15l. a piece of land, the rent to be distributed yearly among the poor of the parish, vested in the rector and churchwardens, and of the annual produce of 3l. 12s.
Rev. THOMAS LANCASTER, rector, gave by will in 1714, for buying good books for the poor, and in case books are not wanting for the schooling of poor children at the discretion of the mimister, part of a policy on lives, which was exchanged for a sum of money paid by his executor, being 20l. vested in the minister and churchwardens.
SIR TIMOTHY WALDO gave by will in 1786, 500l. consolidated 3 per cent. Bank Annuities, one moiety of the interest of which to be applied for the placing of some poor boy of the parish apprentice to a farmer, or some handicraft trade, or to the sea service, or in cloathing such poor boy during his apprenticeship, and in case no such poor boy can be found, this moiety to be distributed among such of the industrious poor who do not receive alms. The other moiety to be laid out in buying and distributing flannel waistcoats, or strong shoes, or warm stockings, among such of the industrious or aged poor persons inhabiting within this parish, as do not receive alms, vested in the Salters Company.
HEVER is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester, and being a peculiar of the archbishop, is as such within the deanry of Shoreham. The church, which stands at the east end of the village, is a small, but neat building, consisting of one isle and two chancels, having a handsome spire at the west end of it. It is dedicated to St. Peter.
Among other monuments and inscriptions in it are the following:—In the isle is a grave-stone, on which is the figure of a woman, and inscription in black letter in brass, for Margaret, wife of William Cheyne, obt. 1419, arms, a fess wavy between three crescents.—In the chancel, a memorial for Robert Humfreys, esq. lord of the manor of Heaver, only son and heir of Sir Orlando Humfreys, bart. of Jenkins, in Effex, obt. 1736. Against the wall is a brass plate, with the figure of a man kneeling at a desk, and inscription in black letter for William Todde, schoolmaster to Charles Waldegrave, esq. obt. 1585.—In the north chancel, an altar tomb, with the figure on it at large in brass, of Sir Thomas Bullen, knight of the garter, earl of Wilcher and earl of Ormunde, obt. 1538. A small slab with a brass plate, for ........ Bullayen, the son of Sir Thomas Bullayen.—In the belsry, a stone with a brass plate, and inscription in black letter in French, for John de Cobham, esquire, obt. 1399, and dame Johane, dame de Leukenore his wife, and Renaud their son; near the above is an antient altar tomb for another of that name, on which is a shield of arms in brass, or, on a chevron, three eagles displayed, a star in the dexter point. These were the arms of this branch of the Cobhams, of Sterborough-castle. (fn. 10)
This church is a rectory, the advowson of which belonged to the priory of Combwell, in Goudhurst, and came to the crown with the rest of its possessions at the time of the surrendry of it, in the 7th year of king Henry VIII. in consequence of the act passed that year for the surrendry of all religious houses, under the clear yearly revenue of two hundred pounds. Soon after which this advowson was granted, with the scite of the priory, to Thomas Colepeper, but he did not long possess it; and it appears, by the Escheat Rolls, to have come again into the hands of the crown, and was granted by the king, in his 34th year, to Sir John Gage, to hold in capite by knights service; who exchanged it again with Tho. Colepeper, to confirm which an act passed the year after. (fn. 11) His son and heir, Alexander Colepeper, had possession granted of sundry premises, among which was the advowson of Hever, held in capite by knights service, in the 3d and 4th years of king Philip and queen Mary; the year after which it was, among other premises, granted to Sir Edward Waldegrave, to hold by the like tenure.
Charles Waldegrave, esq. in the 12th year of queen Elizabeth, alienated this advowson to John Lennard, esq. of Chevening, and being entailed to his heirs male, by the last will of Sampson Lennard, esq. his eldest son, under the word hereditament possessed it, and it being an advowson in gross, was never disentailed by Henry, Richard, or Francis, lords Dacre, his descendants, so that it came to Thomas lord Dacre, son of the last mentioned Francis, lord Dacre, afterwards earl of Sussex, in 1673, and at length sole heir male of the descendants of John Lennard, esq. of Chevening, above mentioned; and the same trial was had for the claim of a moiety of it, at the Queen's-bench bar, as for the rest of the earl's estates, and a verdict then obtained in his favour, as has been already fully mentioned before, under Chevening.
The earl of Sussex died possessed of it in 1715, (fn. 12) whose two daughters, his coheirs, on their father's death became entitled to this advowson, and a few years afterwards alienated the same.
It then became the property of the Rev. Mr. Geo. Lewis, as it has since of the Rev. Mr. Hamlin, whose daughter marrying the Rev. Mr. Nott, of Little Horsted, in Sussex, he is now intitled to it.
In the 15th year of king Edward I. this church of Heure was valued at fifteen marcs.
By virtue of a commission of enquiry, taken by order of the state, in 1650, issuing out of chancery, it was returned, that Hever was a parsonage, with a house, and twelve acres of glebe land, which, with the tithes, were worth seventy-seven pounds per annum, master John Petter being then incumbent, and receiving the profits, and that Francis lord Dacre was donor of it. (fn. 13)
This rectory was valued, in 1747, at 1831. per annum, as appears by the particulars then made for the sale of it.
It is valued, in the king's books, at 15l. 17s. 3½d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 10s. 8¾d. It is now of the yearly value of about 200l.
¶The priory of Combwell, in Goudhurst, was endowed by Robert de Thurnham, the founder of that house, in the reign of king Henry II. with his tithe of Lincheshele and sundry premises in this parish, for which the religious received from the rector of this church the annual sum of 43s. 4d.
On the way back from Oxfordshire, I thought about stopping off somewhere to take some church shots.
I'm sure Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey and Sussex have fine churches just off the motorway, but one had stuck in my head, back in Kent, and that Hever.
What I didn't realise is how hard it was to get too.
I followed the sat nav, taking me off the motorway whilst still in Sussex, then along narrow and twisting main roads along the edge of the north downs, through some very fine villages, but were in Sussex.
Would I see the sign marking my return to the Garden of England?
Yes, yes I would.
Edenbridge seemed quite an unexpectedly urban place, despite its name, so I didn't stop to search for an older centre, just pressing un until I was able to turn down Hever Road.
It had taken half an hour to get here.
St Peter stands by the gate to the famous castle, a place we have yet to visit, and even on a showery Saturday in March, there was a constant stream of visitors arriving.
I asked a nice young man who was directing traffic, where I could park to visit the church. He directed me to the staff car park, meaning I was able to get this shot before going in.
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Near the grounds of Hever Castle, medieval home of the Bullen family. Sandstone construction with a nice west tower and spire. There is a prominent chimney to the north chapel, although this is not the usual Victorian addition, but a Tudor feature, whose little fireplace may be seen inside! The church contains much of interest including a nineteenth-century painting of Christ before Caiphas by Reuben Sayers and another from the school of Tintoretto. The stained glass is all nineteenth and twentieth century and includes a wonderfully evocative east window (1898) by Burlisson and Grylls with quite the most theatrical sheep! The south chancel window of St Peter is by Hardman and dated 1877. In the north chapel is a fine tomb chest which displays the memorial brass of Sir Thomas Bullen (d. 1538), father of Queen Anne Boleyn. Just around the corner is a typical, though rather insubstantial, seventeenth-century pulpit with sounding board.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Hever
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HEVER.
SOUTH-EASTWARD from Eatonbridge lies Hever, called in the Textus Roffensis, and some antient records, Heure, and in others, Evere.
This parish lies below the sand hill, and is consequently in that district of this county called The Weald.
There is a small part of it, called the Borough of Linckbill, comprehending a part of this parish, Chidingstone, and Hever, which is within the hundred of Ruxley, and being part of the manor of Great Orpington, the manerial rights of it belong to Sir John Dixon Dyke, bart. the owner of that manor.
THE PARISH of Hever is long, and narrow from north to south. It lies wholly below the sand hills, and consequently in the district of the Weald; the soil and face of the country is the same as that of Eatonbridge, last described, the oak trees in it being in great plently, and in general growing to a very large size. The river Eden directs its course across it, towards Penshurst and the Medway, flowing near the walls of Hever castle, about a quarter of a mile southward from which is the village of Hever and the parsonage; near the northern side of the river is the seat of Polebrooke, late Douglass's, now Mrs. Susannah Payne's; and a little farther, the hamlets of Howgreen and Bowbeach; part of Linckhill borough, which is in the hundred of Ruxley, extends into this parish. There is a strange odd saying here, very frequent among the common people, which is this:
Jesus Christ never was but once at Hever.
And then he fell into the river.
Which can only be accounted for, by supposing that it alluded to a priest, who was carrying the bost to a sick person, and passing in his way over a bridge, sell with it into the river.
Hever was once the capital seat and manor of a family of the same name, whose still more antient possessions lay at Hever, near Northfleet, in this county, who bore for their arms, Gules, a cross argent. These arms, with a lable of three points azure, still remained in the late Mote-house, in Maidstone, and are quartered in this manner by the earl of Thanet, one of whose ancestors, Nicholas Tuston, esq. of Northiam, married Margaret, daughter and heir of John Hever of this county. (fn. 1)
William de Heure. possessed a moiety of this place in the reign of king Edward I. in the 2d of which he was was sheriff of this county, and in the 9th of it obtained a grant of free warren within his demesne lands in Heure, Chidingstone, and Lingefield.
Sir Ralph de Heure seems at this time to have possessed the other moiety of this parish, between whose son and heir, Ralph, and Nicholas, abbot of St. Augustine's, there had been, as appears by the register of that abbey, several disputes concerning lands in Hever, which was settled in the 4th year of king Edward I. by the abbot's granting to him and his heirs for ever, the land which he held of him in Hever, to hold by the service of the fourth part of a knight's fee.
William de Hever, in the reign of king Edward III. became possessed of the whole of this manor, and new built the mansion here, and had licence to embattle it; soon after which he died, leaving two daughters his coheirs; one of whom, Joane, carried one moiety of this estate in marriage to Reginald Cobham, a younger son of the Cobhams of Cobham, in this county; (fn. 2) whence this part of Hever, to distinguish it from the other, acquired the name of Hever Cobham.
His son, Reginald lord Cobham, in the 14th year of that reign, obtained a charter for free warren within his demesne lands in Hever. (fn. 3) He was succeeded in this manor by his son, Reginald lord Cobham, who was of Sterborough castle, in Surry, whence this branch was stiled Cobhams of Sterborough.
The other moiety of Hever, by Margaret, the other daughter and coheir, went in marriage to Sir Oliver Brocas, and thence gained the name of Hever Brocas. One of his descendants alienated it to Reginald lord Cobham, of Sterborough, last mentioned, who died possessed of both these manors in the 6th year of king Henry IV.
His grandson, Sir Thomas Cobham, sold these manors to Sir Geoffry Bulleyn, a wealthy mercer of London, who had been lord mayor in the 37th year of king Henry VI. He died possessed of both Hever Cobham and Hever Brocas, in the 3d year of king Edward IV. leaving by Anne, his wife, eldest sister of Thomas, lord Hoo and Hastings, Sir William Bulleyn, of Blickling, in Norfolk, who married Margaret, daughter and coheir of Thomas Boteler, earl of Ormond, by whom he had a son and heir, Thomas, who became a man of eminent note in the reign of king Henry VIII. and by reason of the king's great affection to the lady Anne Bulleyn, his daughter, was in the 17th year of that reign, created viscount Rochford; and in the 21st year of it, being then a knight of the Garter, to that of earl of Wiltshire and Ormond; viz. Wiltshire to his heirs male, and Ormond to his heirs general.
He resided here, and added greatly to those buildings, which his grandfather, Sir Geoffry Bulleyn, began in his life time, all which he completely finished, and from this time this seat seems to have been constantly called HEVER-CASTLE.
He died in the 30th of the same reign, possessed of this castle, with the two manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas, having had by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, one sonGeorge, executed in his life time; and two daughters, Anne, wife to king Henry VIII. and Mary, wife of William Carey, esquire of the body, and ancestor of the lords Hunsdon and the earls of Dover and Monmouth.
On the death of the earl of Wiltshire, without issue male, who lies buried in this church, under an altar tomb of black marble, on which is his figure, as large as the life, in brass, dressed in the robes of the Garter, the king seised on this castle and these manors, in right of his late wife, the unfortunate Anne Bulleyn, the earl's daughter, who resided at Hever-castle whilst the king courted her, there being letters of both extant, written by them from and to this place, and her chamber in it is still called by her name; and they remained in his hands till the 32d year of his reign, when he granted to the lady Anne of Cleves, his repudiated wife, his manors of Hever, Seale, and Kemsing, among others, and his park of Hever, with its rights, members, and appurtenances, then in the king's hands; and all other estates in Hever, Seale, and Kemsing, lately purchased by him of Sir William Bulleyn and William Bulleyn, clerk, to hold to her during life, so long as she should stay within the realm, and not depart out of it without his licence, at the yearly rent of 931. 13s. 3½d. payable at the court of augmention. She died possessed of the castle, manors, and estates of Hever, in the 4th and 5th year of king Philip and queen Mary, when they reverted again to the crown, where they continued but a short time, for they were sold that year, by commissioners authorised for this purpose, to Sir Edward Waldegrave and dame Frances his wife; soon after which the park seems to have have been disparked.
This family of Waldegrave, antiently written Walgrave, is so named from a place, called Walgrave, in the county of Northampton, at which one of them was resident in the reign of king John, whose descendants afterwards settled in Essex, and bore for their arms, Per pale argent and gules. Warine de Walgrave is the first of them mentioned, whose son, John de Walgrave, was sheriff of London, in the 7th year of king John's reign, whose direct descendant was Sir Edward Waldegrave, who purchased this estate, as before mentioned. (fn. 5) He had been a principal officer of the household to the princess Mary; at the latter end of the reign of king Edward VI. he incurred the king's displeasure much by his attachment to her interest, and was closely imprisoned in the Tower; but the king's death happening soon afterwards, queen Mary amply recompensed his sufferings by the continued marks of her favour and bounty, which she conferred on him; and in the 4th and 5th years of that reign, he obtained, as above mentioned, on very easy terms, the castle and manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas; and besides being employed by the queen continually in commissions of trust and importance, had many grants of lands and other favours bestowed on him. But on the death of queen Mary, in 1558, he was divested of all his employments, and committed prisoner to the Tower, (fn. 6) where he died in the 3d year of queen Elizabeth. He left two sons, Charles, his heir; and Nicholas, ancestor to those of Boreley, in Essex; and several daughters.
Charles Waldegrave succeeded his father in his estates in this parish; whose son Edward received the honour of knighthood at Greenwich, in 1607, and though upwards of seventy years of age, at the breaking out of the civil wars, yet he nobly took arms in the king's defence, and having the command of a regiment of horse, behaved so bravely, that he had conferred on him the dignity of a baronet, in 1643; after which he continued to act with great courage in the several attacks against the parliamentary forces, in which time he lost two of his sons, and suffered in his estate to the value of fifty thousand pounds.
His great grandson, Sir Henry Waldegrave, in 1686, in the 1st year of king James II. was created a peer, by the title of baron Waldegrave of Chewton, in Somersetshire, and had several offices of trust conferred on him; but on the Revolution he retired into France, and died at Paris, in 1689. (fn. 7) He married Henrietta, natural daughter of king James II. by Arabella Churchill, sister of John duke of Marlborough, by whom he had James, created earl of Waldegrave in the 3d year of king George II. who, in the year 1715, conveyed the castle and these manors to Sir William Humfreys, bart. who that year was lord mayor of the city of London. He was of Barking, in Essex, and had been created a baronet in 1714. He was descended from Nathaniel Humfreys, citizen of London, the second son of William ap Humfrey, of Montgomery, in North Wales, and bore for his arms two coats, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, sable, two nags heads erased argent; 2d and 3d, per pale or and gules, two lions rampant endorsed, counterchanged.
He died in 1735, leaving by his first wife, Margaret, daughter of William Wintour, of Gloucestershire, an only son and heir, Sir Orlando Humfreys, bart. who died in 1737, having had by Ellen, his wife, only child of colonel Robert Lancashire, three sons and two daughters; two of the sons died young; Robert, the second and only surviving son, had the castle and manors of Hever Cobham and Brocas, and died before his father possessed of them, as appears by his epitaph, in 1736, ætat. 28.
On Sir Orlando's death his two daughters became his, as well as their brother's, coheirs, of whom Mary, the eldest, had three husbands; first, William Ball Waring, of Dunston, in Berkshire, who died in 1746, without issue; secondly, John Honywood, esq. second brother of Richard, of Mark's-hall, who likewife died without issue, in 1748; and lastly, Thomas Gore, esq. uncle to Charles Gore, esq. M.P. for Hertfordshire; which latter had married, in 1741, Ellen Wintour, the only daughter of Sir Orlando Humfreys, above mentioned.
They, with their husbands, in 1745, joined in the sale of Hever-castle and the manors of Hever Cobham and Hever Brocas, to Timothy Waldo. He was descended from Thomas Waldo, of Lyons, in France, one of the first who publicly opposed the doctrines of the church of Rome, of whom there is a full account in the Atlas Geograph. vol. ii. and in Moreland's History of the Evangelical Churches of Piedmont. One of his descendants, in the reign of queen Elizabeth, to escape the persecution of the duke D'Alva, came over to England, where he and his descendants afterwards settled, who bore for their arms, Argent a bend azure, between three leopards heads of the second; of whom, in king Charles II.'s reign, there were three brothers, the eldest of whom, Edward, was knighted, and died without male issue, leaving two daughters his coheirs; the eldest of whom, Grace, married first Sir Nicholas Wolstenholme, bart. and secondly, William lord Hunsdon, but died without issue by either of them, in 1729. The second brother was of Harrow, in Middlesex; and Timothy, the third, was an eminent merchant of London, whose grandsons were Edward, who was of South Lambeth, esq. and died in 1783, leaving only one daughter; and Timothy, of Clapham, esquire, the purchaser of this estate, as above mentioned, who was afterwards knighted, and died possessed of it, with near thirteen hundred acres of land round it, in 1786; he married, in 1736, Miss Catherine Wakefield, by whom he left an only daughter and heir, married to George Medley, esq. of Sussex, lady Waldo surviving him is at this time intitled to it.
The castle is entire, and in good condition; it has a moat round it, formed by the river Eden, over which there is a draw bridge, leading to the grand entrance, in the gate of which there is yet a port cullis, within is a quadrangle, round which are the offices, and a great hall; at the upper end of which, above a step, is a large oak table, as usual in former times. The great stair case leads up to several chambers and to the long gallery, the cieling of which is much ornamented with soliage in stucco; the rooms are all wainscotted with small oaken pannels, unpainted. On one side of the gallery is a recess, with an ascent of two steps, and one seat in it, with two returns, capable of holding ten or twelve persons, which, by tradition, was used as a throne, when king Henry VIII. visited the castle. At the upper end of the gallery, on one side of a large window, there is in the floor a kind of trap door, which, when opened, discovers a narrow and dark deep descent, which is said to reach as far as the moat, and at this day is still called the dungeon. In a closet, in one of the towers, the window of which is now stopped up, there is an adjoining chamber, in which queen Anne Bulleyn is said to have been consined after her dis grace. The entrance to this closet, from the chamber, is now by a small door, which at that time was a secret sliding pannel, and is yet called Anne Bulleyn's pannel.
In the windows of Hever-castle are these arms; Argent, three buckles gules, within the garter; a shield of four coasts, Howard, Brotherton, Warren, and Mowbray, argent three buckles gules; a shield of eight coats, viz. Bulleyn, Hoo, St. Omer, Malmains, Wickingham, St. Leger, Wallop, and Ormond; and one, per pale argent and gules, for Waldegrave. (fn. 8)
It is reported, that when Henry VIII. with his attendants, came to the top of the hill, within sight of the castle, he used to wind his bugle horn, to give notice of his approach.
There was a court baron constantly held for each of the above manors till within these forty years, but at present there is only one, both manors being now esteemed but as one, the circuit of which, over the neighbouring parishes, is very extensive.
SEYLIARDS is an estate here which extends itself into the parishes of Brasted and Eatonbridge, but the mansion of it is in this parish, and was the antient seat of the Seyliards, who afterwards branched out from hence into Brasted, Eatonbridge, Chidingstone, and Boxley, in this county.
The first of this name, who is recorded to have possessed this place, was Ralph de Seyliard, who resided here in the reign of king Stephen.
Almerick de Eureux, earl of Gloucester, who lived in the reign of king Henry III. demised lands to Martin at Seyliard, and other lands, called Hedinden, to Richard Seyliard, both of whom were sons of Ralph at Seyliard, and the latter of them was ancestor to those seated here and at Delaware, in Brasted. (fn. 9)
This place continued in his descendants till Sir Tho. Seyliard of Delaware, passed it away to John Petley, esq. who alienated it to Sir Multon Lambarde, of Sevenoke, and he died possessed of it in 1758; and it is now the property of his grandson, Multon Lambarde, of Sevenoke, esq.
Charities.
A PERSON gave, but who or when is unknown, but which has time out of mind been distributed among the poor of this parish, the sum of 10s. yearly, to be paid out of land vested in the churchwardens, and now of that annual produce.
The Rev. JOHN PETER gave by will, about 1661, the sum of 10s. yearly, to be paid for the benefit of poor farmers only, out of land vested in the rector, the heirs of Wm. Douglass, and the heirs of Francis Bowty, and now of that annual produce.
The Rev. GEORGE BORRASTON, rector, and several of the parishioners, as appears by a writing dated in 1693, purchased, with money arising from several bequests, the names of the donors unknown, except that of WILLIAM FALKNER, to which the parishioners added 15l. a piece of land, the rent to be distributed yearly among the poor of the parish, vested in the rector and churchwardens, and of the annual produce of 3l. 12s.
Rev. THOMAS LANCASTER, rector, gave by will in 1714, for buying good books for the poor, and in case books are not wanting for the schooling of poor children at the discretion of the mimister, part of a policy on lives, which was exchanged for a sum of money paid by his executor, being 20l. vested in the minister and churchwardens.
SIR TIMOTHY WALDO gave by will in 1786, 500l. consolidated 3 per cent. Bank Annuities, one moiety of the interest of which to be applied for the placing of some poor boy of the parish apprentice to a farmer, or some handicraft trade, or to the sea service, or in cloathing such poor boy during his apprenticeship, and in case no such poor boy can be found, this moiety to be distributed among such of the industrious poor who do not receive alms. The other moiety to be laid out in buying and distributing flannel waistcoats, or strong shoes, or warm stockings, among such of the industrious or aged poor persons inhabiting within this parish, as do not receive alms, vested in the Salters Company.
HEVER is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester, and being a peculiar of the archbishop, is as such within the deanry of Shoreham. The church, which stands at the east end of the village, is a small, but neat building, consisting of one isle and two chancels, having a handsome spire at the west end of it. It is dedicated to St. Peter.
Among other monuments and inscriptions in it are the following:—In the isle is a grave-stone, on which is the figure of a woman, and inscription in black letter in brass, for Margaret, wife of William Cheyne, obt. 1419, arms, a fess wavy between three crescents.—In the chancel, a memorial for Robert Humfreys, esq. lord of the manor of Heaver, only son and heir of Sir Orlando Humfreys, bart. of Jenkins, in Effex, obt. 1736. Against the wall is a brass plate, with the figure of a man kneeling at a desk, and inscription in black letter for William Todde, schoolmaster to Charles Waldegrave, esq. obt. 1585.—In the north chancel, an altar tomb, with the figure on it at large in brass, of Sir Thomas Bullen, knight of the garter, earl of Wilcher and earl of Ormunde, obt. 1538. A small slab with a brass plate, for ........ Bullayen, the son of Sir Thomas Bullayen.—In the belsry, a stone with a brass plate, and inscription in black letter in French, for John de Cobham, esquire, obt. 1399, and dame Johane, dame de Leukenore his wife, and Renaud their son; near the above is an antient altar tomb for another of that name, on which is a shield of arms in brass, or, on a chevron, three eagles displayed, a star in the dexter point. These were the arms of this branch of the Cobhams, of Sterborough-castle. (fn. 10)
This church is a rectory, the advowson of which belonged to the priory of Combwell, in Goudhurst, and came to the crown with the rest of its possessions at the time of the surrendry of it, in the 7th year of king Henry VIII. in consequence of the act passed that year for the surrendry of all religious houses, under the clear yearly revenue of two hundred pounds. Soon after which this advowson was granted, with the scite of the priory, to Thomas Colepeper, but he did not long possess it; and it appears, by the Escheat Rolls, to have come again into the hands of the crown, and was granted by the king, in his 34th year, to Sir John Gage, to hold in capite by knights service; who exchanged it again with Tho. Colepeper, to confirm which an act passed the year after. (fn. 11) His son and heir, Alexander Colepeper, had possession granted of sundry premises, among which was the advowson of Hever, held in capite by knights service, in the 3d and 4th years of king Philip and queen Mary; the year after which it was, among other premises, granted to Sir Edward Waldegrave, to hold by the like tenure.
Charles Waldegrave, esq. in the 12th year of queen Elizabeth, alienated this advowson to John Lennard, esq. of Chevening, and being entailed to his heirs male, by the last will of Sampson Lennard, esq. his eldest son, under the word hereditament possessed it, and it being an advowson in gross, was never disentailed by Henry, Richard, or Francis, lords Dacre, his descendants, so that it came to Thomas lord Dacre, son of the last mentioned Francis, lord Dacre, afterwards earl of Sussex, in 1673, and at length sole heir male of the descendants of John Lennard, esq. of Chevening, above mentioned; and the same trial was had for the claim of a moiety of it, at the Queen's-bench bar, as for the rest of the earl's estates, and a verdict then obtained in his favour, as has been already fully mentioned before, under Chevening.
The earl of Sussex died possessed of it in 1715, (fn. 12) whose two daughters, his coheirs, on their father's death became entitled to this advowson, and a few years afterwards alienated the same.
It then became the property of the Rev. Mr. Geo. Lewis, as it has since of the Rev. Mr. Hamlin, whose daughter marrying the Rev. Mr. Nott, of Little Horsted, in Sussex, he is now intitled to it.
In the 15th year of king Edward I. this church of Heure was valued at fifteen marcs.
By virtue of a commission of enquiry, taken by order of the state, in 1650, issuing out of chancery, it was returned, that Hever was a parsonage, with a house, and twelve acres of glebe land, which, with the tithes, were worth seventy-seven pounds per annum, master John Petter being then incumbent, and receiving the profits, and that Francis lord Dacre was donor of it. (fn. 13)
This rectory was valued, in 1747, at 1831. per annum, as appears by the particulars then made for the sale of it.
It is valued, in the king's books, at 15l. 17s. 3½d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 10s. 8¾d. It is now of the yearly value of about 200l.
¶The priory of Combwell, in Goudhurst, was endowed by Robert de Thurnham, the founder of that house, in the reign of king Henry II. with his tithe of Lincheshele and sundry premises in this parish, for which the religious received from the rector of this church the annual sum of 43s. 4d.
Identify the Artist VII
Week 7 Devil in the Details 3 ( 781 - 785 )
Sunday evening March 6, 2016 at 8:00 PM ET
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These devilish details were on the ceiling at the Philadelphia Museum of Art ( always pays to do a 360 when you enter any gallery , and keep looking up ;-)
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Standings after Week 6
1: Trish Mayo 163
2: Madeleine 140
3: Viejito 70
4: M.Sobers 55
5: C.Verwaal 50
6: Pete Huu 14
7: Sean O’Brien 10
8: F. Rouier 9
9: : judy2 chen 7
10: Jan Diamond 6
11: Anton Shomali 5
12: Phieu A 4
Ismail Can Tufekci 4
David andres Rincon Pelayo 4
Mara Arantes 4
13: T 3
Dr.H.Allender 3
Dennis Mahoney 3
R.A. Bautista 3
Elekecskejudi 3
14: Urszula 2
Melinda Stuart 2
S.Zubkov 2
Gary Winfield 2
Jcsee 2
Ma wuascht 2
Mandalaybus 2
15: Dfretnek 1
A. Tikki 1
S.Garrington 1
Copperdog ~ Diane 1
LS Chu 1
Wiegehtsdir 1
Alex Ruz 1
Ivanich 1
Jeff Friedkin 1
玉琳 廖 1
RubyT 1
Ext –Or 1
Jooka5000 1
Quentin Verwaerde 1
mariah 1
Ernest Koch 1
Capture the Moment 1
Ana-Marija Veg 1
Little Bird 33 1
azaraviolet9 1
F B 1
augfw 1
Chris Costello 1
Leanne 1
My dog hates his picture being taken, he's really getting annoyed that i got a new camera....
Strobist: SB-600 handheld bounced right off cieling.
This frescoe was found in the cieling architecture of one of the many fascinating chambers of the Marksburg Castle
strobist info: speedlight thru umbrella camera left, speedlight on the bed with gobo directed at wall and cieling. . only curves adjusted, no more postprocessing
Putuješ li iz Našica u Požegu, to će te na Južnom obronku planine Krndije, gdje se sa strmina spuštaš u selo Gradište, iznenaditi divan pogled. Tebi pred očima širi se zelena ravnica, obrubljena u dalekih daljinah briegovi raznih oblika. Na lievo ti je Dilj-gora sa liepimi svojimi brežuljci i dolinami ; nad njom strše pod modrimi oblaci glavice bosanskih gora. Na desno gledaš, kao u zelen podrt zid, Sujnik planinu, a daleko se pred tobom pruža od istoka na zapad požeška gora. Njoj na podnožju vidiš svjetle zvonike i biele kuće stare Požege. Vidik je taj zaista krasan. Nehotice svrneš okom, sve to više salazeć, uviek na onaj niz šumovitih stožaca, koji se nad Požegom i vrhovačkim gradom pod oblake dižu ter se svakim kretom ceste na novo ukazuju. Dobrom cestom projuriš na šijačkih kolih kroz Kulu, ostaviš na desno Kutijevo i Vetovo, na lievo Pleternicu i Blacko, pa eto te u Padežu, eto pred tobom Požege na Orljavi. Grad se razprostire istočno-zapadnim pravcem na ušću klanjca Vučjaka pod Babjom gorom, a siže južnim svojim krajem u spomenuti klanjac. Istočni mu dio, tako zvani Arslanovci, i glavni trg leže pod briegovi Grginim-dolom i Kapavcem, a zapadni prema Novoj Gradiški pcd Sokolovcem, nazvanom po hrabrom gvardijanu Fra Luki Imbrišinoviću, Sokolu. Od glavnih tih dielova pruža se pet drugih ulica i trg svete Terezije prema sjeveru, šesta, kako već gore rečeno, u Vučjak. Iz ovoga teče potok istoga imena. Ljeti neznatan, jedva da u njem koja kap vode, zna se on od bujica tako razlievat, da biva po grad pogibeljnim.
U proljetno je vrieme taj klanjac stan nebrojenih slavulja i ivna po njem šetnja do Vrhovaca. Briegovi na desno i na lievo obiluju kestenovim drvećem, raznovrstnim šikarjem, a dalje prema Vrhovcem liepom gorskom šumom. U pol ljeta hladi studen vjetar toplinu sunca i vrući zrak ovoga perivoja.
Požega je u svemu dosta. liepo zidana, kuće imućnijih gradjana ukusne a nova se gimnazija, stan opatica, ujedno djevojačka učiona, zatim kolegija (nadbiskupsko sirotište), crkva sv. Terezije i neke privatne kuće upravo liepimi sgradami nazvati mogu. Trgu se na sjeveru i zapadu nanizao red jednokatnih, većinom svodovanih kuća. Da su jedine ulice ravnije, bilo bi mjesto jošte mnogo ljepše, akoprem vrlo ugodno na svakoga djeluje, tko god. ovamo dodje. Liep su nakit gradu visoki vinogradi, koje i najmanja kišica maglenom koprenom zastire. Strašan je ovdje tutanj gromova, nu prekrasan vidik na cielo požeško polje.
Požega je središte svoje županije u svakom smislu. Tuj stanuje veliki župan, tuj jest sudbeni stol, (ovdje ga zovu sedrijom) porezni ured, mierničtvo, gradski sud, velika gimnazija, viša djevojačka učiona ; tuj su mnogobrojni trgovci, zanatlije svake ruke, a ponajviše opančari, klobučari, čurčije (krznari), čižmari i. t. d., koji cielu okolicu poslužuju svojom robom. Ovamo se na nedjeljne sajmove stiču seljaci sa svih sela, da prodavaju i kupuju. Ljudi su ovi liepi, čisti i dobro obučeni, a nošnja jim jedna od najljepših u cieloj Slavoniji. Ukusno se nosi ženski spol; većinom su žene kriepke i visoke, a mnoge medju njimi krasotice u pravom smislu. Što god vidiš biela na seljakinji ili mužu njenu, sve je domaći obrt žena, pače ponajviše isto sukno.
Okolica požeška od boga blagoslovljena svimi darovi naravi, ubraja se medju najljepše predjele domovine Hrvatske. Jeseni putuju ciele karavane kola kroz Požegu na Osiek, vozeć onamo šljive, kestene, srčike - jabuke, orahe i kruške, kojih su najodličnija vrst tako zvana buzdovanlije, Šteta, da je taj gorski kotao tako udaljen od svjetskih cesta.
Požega rodi već obilan broj odličnih muževa, domovini i svomu imenu na diku a od starina je na glasu kao središte Slavonije. Od ovud i Turci podjarmljivahu ostalu zemlju, kojom poslie gospodovahu, ovamo bježahu za vrieme neprilike.
I ogledajmo na ta vremena davne prošlosti, na te burne i krvave dane pa se divimo, da sam izaslanik smrti, kleti Musloman, nije mogao toliko naravne snage u našega naroda uništiti.
Već praktični Rimljani držahu ovo mjesto po njegovu položaju središtem ovih krajeva, koje nazivahu liepim imenom "vallis aurea;" mjestu nadjenuše imena "Inicerum" i "Recatina". Akoprem ne bijaše po svoj prilici tuj, gdje je dan danas, to je ipak, pružajuć se od Kaptola sve do Orljave, dosizalo dovle. Tako posvjedočavaju novci careva Antonina, Maksimina, Dioklecijana, i Konstantina , ter ostanci izkopanih rimskih sgrada na cieloj pruzi od Kaptola do Požege. Tako je važno mjesto valjalo čuvati proti nenadanim navalam sa sjevera. Tomu doskočiše Rimljani. Od Rekatine išlo se tada preko planine kaptolačke u Podravinu.
Povrh Orahovice, iznad grada Duzluka, na isoku briegu leže razvaline prastara na četir ugla sagradjena grada. Te ogromne zidine biela kamena obrasla je sada šuma, te jih zastire oku. Odavle je viditi cielu Podravinu ća do počuhskih gora .i sigetskih brežuljaka, a put, koji no mimo gradine vodi iz požeškoga polja na Kaptol ili Vetovo preko na Dravu zove se i dan danas jošte rimskim putem. Vjerojatno je, da su rimske straže sa ove strategičke točke nadzirale južne krajeve Panonije. Dobar bo pješak dodje od ovih zidina do Kaptola za dvie ure, pa je dakle straž i lahko bilo dojaviti u Rekatinu koju god pogibelj. Poslie su sjegurno i krvoločni Turci odovud pozornim okom strašili nad nezadovoljnim i slobodu snujućim hrvatskim narodom.
U sred se Požege podigo strm humak, osamljen kao da ga Kentauri ovamo hitnuše; zove se "gradom" jer je na njemu bila nekoč tvrdjava požežka, "Possegavar".
Burna je prošlost potresla i razvalila ove zidine, koje gledahu kroz tolika stoljeća slavu junačkih djela, ali i teško gospodstvo tursko; kojim se jedva jošte trag poznaje. Tko da jih je sagradio, neznam; nu skoro bih mogao uztvrditi, da je grad godine 1163. ako ne baš sagradjen, to sjegurno popravljen na poticanje Bele (Alexius), brata kralja Stjepana IlL, jer usljed njegova nastojanja gradiše Požežani te godine prve kamenom zidane kuće .
Već prije i poslie godine 1224. bijaše Požega imovinom ugarskih kraljeva, ter uživaše sva prava i slobode kr. slobodnoga grada za vladanja Karla. I oko 1311. Vrhovni je nadzor nad njom imao kraljevski blagajnik, koji joj ujedno bijaše vrhovnim sudcem u svih pravosudnih parnicah, a velik ugled ne samo u duhovnih, nego i u svjetovnih stvarih imahu prepošti i abaši požeškoga arcidiakonata. Ovaj bijaše sa 23 župe podredjen g. 1332 biskupiji pečuhskoj, Prepošt požeški bude 11 rujnu 1233. pozvan od kralja Andrije II. u Ostrogon, da uvaži i podpiše, dokumenat, sastavljen o pomirbi kralja i sina mu Bele (poslie kralj Bela IV.), koji se bješe tako ljuto zavadili, da jih je. mirio sam papa Grgur IX.
Godine 1312 upravljaše kastelom požežkim po svoj prilici neki Stjepan Bagim Požeški, koji vojujuć za svoga kralja, Karla I., proti njegovim ustašam u Magjarsku otide, kreševo u dolcu Rozgonu na rieci Tarczi zametne i ondje 15. lipnja zaglavi . Sličan udes stiže i prepošta Mihaila. Kada je najme god. 1330. slavonski ban, ujedno erdeljski vojevoda Toma Farkas predobio Karla na svoju ruku, da osvoje Vlašku zemlju, podje s njimi i požeški prepošt Mihailo. Osvetljivi bojari navale na vraćajućega se iz njihove zemlje kralja ter pokolju, akoprem već mir ugovoren bijaše, od 10. do 14. studenoga većinu kraljevske vojke, sve dvorske svećenike i prepošta požežkoga, od 10. Ako je ovaj pao kao junak, to se je opet drugi odlikovao svojim juridičkim znanjem u stvarih duhovnih. Tako posvjedočuje sliedeći dogadjaj. Henrik, abaš piliški izagna opetovano i nasilno opata Andriju iz samostana cikadorskoga. Andrija podnese svoju tužbu papi Urbanu V. a ovaj pozva godine 1367. nadbiskupa koločkoga i njegova blagajnika sa abašem požežkim, da stvar iztraže i sude kako bude pravo . Ime toga abaša nije mi poznato. Stečeni si ugled čuvahu duhovnici i nadalje, kako se kojih 15 godina za tim dokaza. Godine bo 1383., kada je u Dalmaciji buknuo ustanak proti palatinu Nikoli Gorjanskomu, poradi njegova nasilnoga vladanja posla palatin požežkoga prepošta Nikolu sa Ditrikom Bubekom, bratom dalmatinskoga bana Mirka onamo, da upru sve sile i bunu utaže. Palatinu bje do toga puno stalo, buduć u ime kraljice Marije, kćeri Ljudevitove, vladaše, koja mu svu moć prepusti. Naravno, da da se našlo protivnika, Jedva što spomenuti muževi red i mir u Dalmaciji uzpostaviše, bukne god. 1386, drugi po palatina kobniji ustanak na drugom mjestu. Jasnosti radi pripoviedati ću dogodjaj ponešto obširnije.
Palatinovimi najme spletkami, komu se nedade odreći gospodovanja, bje novo izabrani kralj Karlo Dračanin (Durazzo) u Budimu ubijen. Usljed toga se pristaše kraljevi ujedno protivnici palatina razbjegoše na sve strane, bojeći se, da jih nestigne ista kob kao i kralja.Najžešći neprijatelji Nikole Gorjanskoga, Stjepan Lacković, Stjepan Simontornya ter Ivan Horvat uteknu u Hrvatsku“, odakle sakupljenom ondje vojskom već u travnju i svibnju iste godine na dalmatinske gradove udariše, da se osvete za Karlovo ubojstvo. Oholi Gara, preziruć nepovoljne viesti iz Dalmacije, pozva kraljicu Mariju, kćer Ljudevita i Jelisavu udovu njegovu, da podju s njim u u Slavoniju, gdje mu je djedovina, grad Gorjani kod Djakova. pa da se same osvjedoče o ništetnosti ustaških pokušaja. One se dadoše na put, praćene samo banom Nikolom, njegovimi sinovi i rodjaci, nadalje Blažem Forgačem i malom četicom dvorjana. Na dan svetoga Jakova stigoše u Djakovo. Krenuv pako odavle, dočeka jih obavješteni po dobrih uhodah Ivan Horvat. Znajući za smjer njihova putovanja udari iz zasjede nenadano na nje obkoli jih svojom četom, ter nastane kratka ali žestoka borba napastovanih proti mnogo većemu broju napastnika. Blaža Forgača baci hitac sulice sa konja, a glavu mu od trupla odsjekoše sablje nesmiljenih neprijatelja. Tada skoči palatin strielomice s konja na uzlaz kraljičinih kola pa posegnuv za sabljom trgne ju taj strahoviti čovjek iz korica, da obrani sirote ženske. Preziranju smrti vikao, negleda na leteće oko sebe strielje nu neopazi, takodjer, da se jedan od neprijatelja došnljao izpod kola do njega. Taj ga pograbi za nogu. Sruši ga na tla ter mu na zapovjed Horvata s mjesta glavu odsieče. Najmladjega sina palatinova ulove, stariji uteče sa svojimi bratići. Ulovljenu kraljicu dade Horvat posvoj prilici na Požegu odvesti u grad Krupu u Lici, tada vlastničtvo vranskoga priora. Mislim, da je tom sgodom bila Marija u Požegi, jer se ovdje Horvat u to vrieme češće nalazio, pače ovdje svoje ljude oko sebe sakupljao. Za Jelisavu veli Bonfinius, da ju baciše u rieku Bosut, gdje se utopila, dočim de Paulo tvrdi, da ju je dao vranski prior u Novom gradu zadušiti.
Prolivena krv zlim plodom urodi. Čim je kralj Žiga sjeo na ugarsko prestolje, izdade godine 1387. na sam veliki četvrtak zapovied, da se gospoda hrvatska. i dalmatinska spremaju na vojsku proti slavonskim ustašam, velike čete proti kralju na oružje dignuvšim, ter ovimi svu Slavoniju zlostavivšim. Kraljevoj se zapovjedi prvi odazva mačvanski ban Nikola sin ubijenoga kod Gorjana palatina. Osvojivši brzo Ilok, ulovi ondje Mirka, sina Andrije Lackovića i dovede zatim svoju vojsku pred Požegu. Ovamo bijaše medjutim Ivan Horvat pribjegao pa se u gradinu zatvorio. Obsjedanje započe, ali nada, da će Horvata zarobiti, iznevjeri bana Nikolu. Za vrieme dogovaranja o predaji trdjave izmaknu Horvat pomoćju Simontornye, lažljivoga prijatelja banova, a viernoga svoga na kraljevska vrata u Bosnu. I to bilo jošte godine 1387.
Deset je zatim godina vladao priličan mir oko Požege. Tada udariše 1397 Muslomani sa Tvrdkom Surom na njenu okolicu i na sam grad, dočim jim druga njihova vojska sa nevjernim Simontornyem i Laokovićem Sriem osvajaše. Godine istom 1398. protjera ih ban Ivan Morović preko Save. Usljed toga dodje malo kašnje kralj Žiga osobno u Požegu. Utaborivši ovdje svoju malu vojsku, odluči dulje vremena ostati. Iz Požege napisa list Trogiranom, moleći jih da mu pošalju svoje strojeve za hitanje kamenja i svoje željezne kuke za razvalivanje zidova; koje da će od njih preuzeti izaslanik njegov, Ivan Gorjanski ter dovesti u Dubicu, buduć da je naumio odanle osvajati Bosnu. Ujedno poruči u Magjarsku i u Erdelj, da mu pošalju dovoljan broj banderija. Kraljeva se medjutim nada neizpuni. Travljani nedadoše svojih strojeva radi nemogućnosti i raznih potežkoća, a magjarske banderije nedodjoše; k tomu neimaše on dosta novaca, da veću vojsku sakupi. Zato odluči drugo. Jedan dio vojske odpremi u Vlašku, ostali porazdieli uz duž Save, sam otide u Poljsku. Pet godina kašnje, 1403, bude opet Požega središtem vanredna sastanka. U tih najme i nekih drugih krajevih kraljevine puče glas, da će umjesto Žige zakraljevati Ladislav, sin ubijenoga u Budimu Karla Dračanina. Pristaše se daklenovoga nazovi kralja, većinom sami magjarski velikani sastadoše u Požegi. Svrha njihova viećanja bijaše pismen sastavak o dočeku i krunisanju novoga poglavara zemlje, o kom mišljahu, da će skoro doći. Taj pako nedodje, bojeći se slične kobi, kao što je stigla bila njegova otca. Sastanak požežki, videći, da novoga kralja neima te čuvši, da Žiga kraljem ostaje, razide se opet.
Dosele bijaše Požega kraljevskom imovinom, nu god. 1415 dobi drugoga gospodara; bosanskoga najme vojevodu, Ivana Hrvoju, kojemu ju Žiga kao nagradu za vierno ratovanje proti ustašam pokloni. Nije joj bilo sudjeno ostati Hervojinom. Vojevoda, odmetnuv se naskoro od kralja, bude lišen svih svojih dobara a Požega opet kraljevskim vlastničtvom. Lahko moguće, da ju poslije opet darovao Žiga prije svoje smrti jošte Ladislavu plem. Thamasy-u. Ovaj bo dolazi godine 1437 kao grof požežki. Revan katolik i velik Protivnik Husita i Patarena, stanujućih medju Dunavom i Savom", zavoli on živo papinoga izaslanika, franjevca Jakova de Monte Brandona, koji proti tim razkolnikom po cieloj pečuhskoj biskupiji, naravno i u Požegi propoviedaše. Čini se, da je grofova požežkih bila gradina i poslie godine 1445. U okolici bijahu plemići iza smrti kralja Žige podigli radi buknuloga tada gradjanskoga rata nekoliko novih kula i gradova. Sabor na Rakošu (1445) dozvoli, da se te a i požežka tvrdjava kao branici proti Muslomanom neporuše.
Sabor ustanovi takodjer, da svaki vlastnik svoju kulu ili grad iz vlastitih svojih sredstava popravljati i u dobrom redu držati mora, ali da u tu svrhu nijednoga od svojih podanika na privažanje zaire ili na rad prisiljavati nesmie; nadalje, da svi imućni stanovnici varoša, dakle i gradjani požežki, osobno i to jahajuć na pomoć doći imaju, ako bi Osmanlije navalili. Broj ote konjaničke čete nije bio stalan, ali grof je požežki imao svakiput 100 jahača, a ciela županija 300 momaka na noge staviti. To je svega banderija od kojih 450, strielicami, tobolci mačevi i sabljami naoružanih vojnika. Njim na čelu bijaše po svoj prilici sam grof; regeste bo kralja Žige odredjuju, da svi imućni plemići i baruni osobno u rat poći imadu, postavivši kastelane na obranu svojih tvrdjava i gradina, pa ako bi koji od njih prije dovršena rata potajno povjerenu mu četu ostavio, da gubi svoja imanja.
Dozvola, što no ju gore spomenuti sabor na Rakošu dade, bude razlogom, da su plemići, svakojakimi poveljami obdareni, ovu dozvolu zlo rabili. Njihove se najme kule, proti neprijateljem sagradjene, pretvoriše u gniezda okrutnih otimača, koji sve to bezobraznije ugnjetavahu narod. Svi mogući zločini bijahu na dnevnom redu. Ubojstva, prodavanje ljudi, rušenje kuća, osakaćivanje čeljadi, zatvaranje sudaca, koji hotijahu svojom odlukom kojega od, plemića kazniti, postadoše svakdanjimi dogadjaji a otimanje nescienjahu sramotom, nego vitežkom zabavom. Tomu zlu da na put stane; odredi kralj Matija 1478. da tako zvani judicium generale, to jest krvni sud proputuje županijom .požežkom. Strahom ga i trepetom dočekaše plemički razbojnici, sjedeći u svojih kulah, po zakutcih pakračke-Papuk-Sujnik-požeške i· Krndije-gore, jer strahovit zaista bijaše ovaj pod vedrim nebom držani sud.
Okrivljenika postaviše uz zataknutu u zemlju sulicu, na okolo posjedoše prisjednici. Ove si izabra sam predsjednik Mihailo Orsag plem. Guth, muž strog, nepodmitljiv nu i pravedan. Nakon najstrožije iztrage spusti se sulica nad glavom krivca u znak, da je na smrt odsudjen. Judicium generale dolazilo dva put u Požegu ; drugi put, god. 1480, odsudi slavonskoga bana Ivana Tuza de Lak na prognanstvo.
Pa kakos je djelovao taj krvni sud na poboljšanje objestnoga plemstva? Ostalo sve kako i bilo. Slab je blagoslov, gdje su velika gospoda, koja nepripoznavaju nikakova zakona. Kralj je Matija bio višeput bez novaca, plemići mu posudjivahu svojih, nije dakle čudo, da je jedan zaštićivao drugoga, pa da kralj uz najbolju svoju volju nije mogao red uvesti, kako ga je želio. Posudjivanje i zalaganje bijaše običai plemstva; i Požega bje za posudjene novce založena. Nadošavši njezin god. 1491 novi vlastnik Nikola Hedervarski, te uveden u svoje ovo imanje po konventu Krstaša sv. Stjepana Jeruzolimskoga de Biela. ostavi grad i pripadajuča ovomu dobra Franji Hedervaru. Ovaj založi god. 1500 i grad i gospoštnu svomu šogoru Stjepanu Rozgonju i njegovoj supruzi Katarini; možebit zato, što je ne samo novaca trebao, nego i u strahu bio za svoje, buduć da su Osmanlije god. 1494 Požegu i požešku županiju, isto tako i križevačku i varaždinsku poharali i kojih 7000 zarobljenika u sužanjstvo odveli bili. Hedervar nenasluti zaista uzalud drugu navalu Turaka, jer u ljetu god. 1502. pre djoše oni kod sela Malina, bivše gradiške pukovnije, oriovačke satnije preko Save. udariše opet na Pcžegu, osvojiše i razoriše varoš i gradinu, nastavivši svoje haranje' tja do Vukovara-". Vraćajuće se odanle hametorn potuče Juraj Kanižki kod Mitrovice:", tako, da se nisu mogli nadalje držati u Slavoniji.
Nemiri i otimanje za priestolje u državi ugarskoj, bijahu već od davna povodom, da je poštenija većina težila za uredjivanjem nasljedstva u vladi. Zaradi toga zaključi sabor na Rakošu god. 1505, 4. Iistopada., da odsele samo Magyar kraljem biti može. Taj zaključak bijahu pod pisala i dva izaslanika požeške županije, Nikola Szelnatacs i Žiga Ratkaj. Mir, koji no zavlada u toliko oko Pežege, da se, kako vidimo, moglo-malo više misliti i na poslove unutarnje, umiri i obitelj spomenutih Hedervara. Založenu gradinu i gospoštinu požešku izkupi vlastnik joj Franjo Hedervar na kratko vrieme. Godine 1514 ju sa svim pripadajućim zemljištem uruči Franji Dessofy-u. Predaju potvrdi kralj Vladislav II. a na petak poslie svih svetih iste god. bude Dessofy u svoja dobra i u županiju kao veliki župan uveden". Veliki su župani tada imali više vojničkih posala nego današnji. Valjalo je ne samo novačenje izvesti, nego i gospodu plemiće prisiljivati, da i oni vrše vojničke svoje dužnosti. Kada je god. 1525 kralj Ljudevit II. zahtievao, da se naoružani izaslanici ciele države sakupe kod Hatvana pod gorom Matrom, naredi, da županija požeška kao i vuko varska stalan broj punomoćnika i svaka po 1000 konjanika saboru na dispoziciju pošalje. Tomu se je pozivu županija svakako odazvala, a požežki su konjanici sjegumo valjani i hrabri bili, jer je Ljudevit imao na svom dvoru požežkih husara, medju kojimi je služio za malenu plaću i bivši ban Petar Keglević". Medju velikimi župani pošežkimi nalazimo zatim god. 1526 nekoga Petra Martins-a, Magjara. a godine zatim, 1527. grofa Krisofa Frankopana zaštitnikom iste županije, kojim ga imenova Ivan Zapoljski, kada si je po Slavoniji stranku stvarao proti kralju Ferdinandnu.
Petnaest godina bijaše medjutim minulo, odkada je, Požega postala imanjem Dessöfy-a : nu kako su sve na e svietu mienja tako i gospodari njeni. Godine 1529. pokloni ju Ferdinand I. Ladislavu More-u, učinivši ga 1 ujedno pokroviteljem benediktinske opatije "Gotho", t. j. kutijevačke. Ćudna zaista pokrovitelja samostana! Lav pokrovitelj mirnih gazela, vuk čuvar ovaca! More bijaše nasilnik i otimač, da mu nije bilo para. Ne samo po Slavoniji. nego i po Magjarskoj imaše velik broj otimačkih kula, u kojih naslagaše porobljeno kojekud blago, pače i crkvene dragocjenosti. On bo nije izbirao ; otimati kršćaninu ili Turčinu, seljaku ili crkvi, bogu posvećenoj: to mu bijaše svejed no. I sada zatraži i zadobi pokroviteljstvo samostana kutijevačkoga - da može dohodke njegove pobirati!
Slabo je valjada veselje imala nad tim svojim gospodarom i Požega, akoprem niti novi nadošavši za Moreom ništa bolji od ovoga nebijahu.
Pošto je već prije Solejman veliki dio Slavonije osvojio, dodje god. 1535. Mohamed Jahi Oglu u Požegu, čuvši, da su svi bogatiji stanovnici iz okolice onamo pouticali, osvoji grad, koji se radi slabe svoje posade braniti nemogaše i protjera sve kanonike i svećenike. Ovi utekoše u Pečuh.
Žalostan bijaše odsele udes Požežana, jer Turci strahovito gospodovahu. Ciela bi se knjiga njihova zuluma napisati dala a svako se srdce sgraža nad tolikim krvničtvom, što no ga ovi vam pir i kroz koje 152 godine ovdje počiniše. Ćestiti gradjani hrabro se doduše otimahu, jedan se je junak za drugim podigao, da staru slobodu uzpostavi - ali zaman. Osamljeni i svakoj pomoći u svojoj gorskoj kotlini nepristupni, moradoše podleći. Krvavi oni listovi njihove povjesti, u koliko su fragmentarno sačuvani, pripoviedaju o tih borba, njim na diku a Turkom na vječnu sramotu. Od onih 15 zapovjednika, kojih imena znademo, malo je koji umro naravnom smrću a jedva jih je dvoje, kojim se može nadjenuti častno ime čovjeka. Evo jih u izvadku. Prva su tri Mohamed Jahi Oglu : Mura i Jahija. sin Oglua.
Jahija opljeni samostan franjevaca. Četvrti bijaše Skander-bog. Ovaj pade 1580 kod razvalina grada Gorbonka u bitci proti Baltazaru Batthyanu, Gjuri Zrinjskornu, Franji Nadazsdu i Franji Glaubitzeru. Skanderbergovu glavu poslaše junaci nadvojvodi Karlu u znak, da se bolje bore sa Turci nego li Niemci. Za Skanderbergom sliedi 1581 beg nepoznata imena. Taj podje na zapovjed Šašvarberga u Magjarsku, da ju poharuju. Ondje zaglavi po svoj prilici s drugimi po Zrinjskom, Batthyanu, Nadazsdu i Glaubitzeru poraženi mi Turci u močvarah kod Szent- Balasa.
Imena petoga i šestoga paše nisu poznata; onoga ubiše ustaše požeški kod vrhovačkog grada, ovoga u samoj Požegi. Solčić paša bijaše sedmi u tom kolu. Ime ga odaje poturicom : isto tako i sliedećega za njim Hassan pašu Zloića. Taj zasluži svoje ime u svakom smislu nečovječnošću i krvoločtvom. Za njegova gospodovanja dodje god. 1603. Sigmund Trautmansdorf., da se Turkom osveti na Brestovac u Požegu, razvali gradine i sela, zapljeni marhu, ter otme Turkom sve, što su imali. Kukavna zemlja više postrada tom zgodom, nego isti Turci. Zloića hitnuše Lapsanovićevi vojnici u bezdno (valjda u zdenac). Dobar je i pošten čovjek bio Karamustafa Čunić; njega pako otrovaše Turci, jer je bio pravedan i čuvao kršćane. Hussein Sulimanića ubiFranjo Matijević; Nuri Effendi pogibe, kako vele, od otrova. a i sliedeću dvojicu pogubiše razjareni Slavonci. Serasćera najme usmrti Tomo Bakić; Rustan pašu, najkrvoločnijega zlotvora, koga majka rodi, ustrieli puškom Nikola Šarić. Zadnji. od paša pošežkih bijaše Ibrahim. Slaba i ostarjela tiela ter nemogav se malom svojom posadom odoljeti navali dolazećega u rujnu god. 1687 generala Dünewalda, odluči on, da će ostaviti Požegu. Njegova momčad zapali varoš, oplieni okolicu i pobježe preko Save. Njim se pridružiše i Turci iz susjednih oko Požege kula. Dünewald ostavi 1000 momaka posade u Požegi, pa odjuri u Gradišku. Pred njim pobjegoše svi Turci, stanujući medju Savom i Dravom preko u Bosnu Ali liepi krajevi požeški veoma jim omiliše. God. 1689 udare opet na Požegu, prešav kod mjesta Svinjara. Nu Fra Luka Imbrišinović, gvardijan franjevačkog samostana, obaviešten o njihovu dolazku po fratrih bosanskih, sakupi brzo vojsku, kojom jih na briegu Sokolovcu . i razbije. Car ga Leopold pohvali i sokolom nazva. Nemogavši osvojiti Požege, nahrupe i godine sliedeće 1690. mnogobrojniji i zato silniji ter ju zauzmu. Relju, koji caru Leopoldu Irnbrišinovićeve izvještaje nosaše, na kolac nataknuše , uhvaćenoga pako Imbrišinovića odsudiše doduše na smrt, al ga za velike novce opet na slobodu pustiše. Pokusi, što jih zatim od god. 1691. do 1699. učiniše, da Slavoniju stalno osvoje, nebijahu uspješni. Tvrdjava požeška dobila je po odlazku Turaka jaku posadu, kojoj na čelu bijaše zapovjednik Mihovio Zöld a poslie njega god. 1710. podpukovnik Valvazor. Ovaj. umre god. 1714. - 22. siečnja te bude sahranjen kod franjevaca. Već 1. svibnja iste godine dodje na njegovo mjesto Pinter". Nanj udare Turci 1716. zadnjim svojim, nasrtajem, ali mu u pomoć dodje general grof Drašković tim da je potisnuo Turke iz Hrvatske, najme iz Podzvezde i Biele stiene uslied čega i Slavoniju ostaviše. Kada se pako na broju 4000 povratiše, zauzeše opet Požegu. Nu čini se, da zatim ondje ostali nisu, jer Pinter umre god. 1719. u gradu i bude takodjer kod franjevaca zakopan'". Njega nasliedi gradski zapovjednik Pös, koji izgorjelu god. 1720. varoš ponešto opet podigne. Pös, bijaše dugo u Požegi jer istom 1730. dodje mu zamienik grof Locatelli'". U to je vrieme čestito gradjanstvo marljivo nastojalo oko razvitka zaostale kulture. Isusovci, došavši prvi put g. 1698. u Požegu'", nastaniše se razorenom djeloma samostanu Paulina kod kamenitih vrata, nu sagradiše već 1731. svoju palaču, današnji kolegij.?" Oni, pa nadalje barun Pejačević i obitelj Dessoöffy najviše djelovahu oko razvitka škole ; temelj, što no ga ovi položiše, bijaše dobar, jer se god. 1762 i 1763. bogoslovne i mudroslovne znanosti u Požegi predavahu. Obitelj Dessoöffy imala grad i perivoj uz cestu, kojom se ide iz Brestovca u Orljavac. kod sela po njih "Deževci" nazvanoga. Sada neima niti temeljnih zidova više.
Požeški grad ostade po odlasku zadnje garnizone 1750. prazan'". Zato odredi iste god. županija. da imadu ti njem stanovati 3 županijska pandura: Kralj ga onda g. 1753. predade zagrebačkomu biskupu Thausy-u, koji ga naumi popraviti. Zaište zato i pripadajuće zemljište, kojega mu Požežani nehtjedoše dati, tako, da je biskup od svoje nakane odustao. Tim bijaše sudbina grada, to jest propast potvrdjena.
Kako stari ljudi pripoviedaju, to nebijaše gradina velika, ali veoma visoka i jaka, zazubljenih i puškarnicami probijenih zidina; ulaz joj na iztoku od arslanovačke strane a na zapadu visoka kula. Gromovi su jako pucali u nju a g. 1809. udari tako jako u podrtinu, da je zid prema župnoj crkvi sv. Terezije od ozgor do dole razkolio. Tadanji župnik Luka Peaković u strahu, da bi se zid mogao srušiti na crkvu, zamoli pismeno, da poglavarstvo grad poruši. Izaslana u tu svrhu komisija pristane uz župnika te grad bude srušen. Njegovim su kamenem temelji mnogih kuća pod briegom sazidani. Sada je nešto malo jošte temeljnoga zida vidjeti, ostalo pako poravnano i u šetalište pretvorene. Okružni zid, koji je opasao nekoč gradinu i kuće pod njom, bijaše kulami utvrdjen. Od svega ostade samo malen dio i jedna kula u tako zvanom gradskom majuru, gdje je od ceste uklonjen i tim spašen.
Konačno primiećujem, da je Požega silno postradala od vatre i od vode. Godine 1779. izgori velik dio, zatim 1842. - 29. travnja 168 kuća sa, gradskim arkivom, samostanskom knjižnicom i dragocjenimi u njoj povjestničkimi rukopisi fratara; ujedno nestade i latinskoga rukopisa povjesti slavonske od podžupana Čoke. Treći veliki požar bijaše god. 1854. - 16. travnja
Dva poloma oblaka, prvi god. 1792., a drugi 16. svibnja 1868. počiniše kuće rušeć i sve potapajuć silnu štetu.
Ernest Kramoerqer.
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ERNEST KRAMBERGER
(Podravska Slatina, 1843. - Celovec, 1920.);
Škole je pohađao u Bjelovaru, Grazu i Vinkovcima. Studirao je u Grazu i Beču, 1872. službovao na gimnazijama u Osijeku, Požegi, Karlovcu i Bjelovaru, gdje je od 1886. do 1892. ravnatelj Gimnazije. Plodan je pisac: surađivao je u ˝Vijencu˝, ˝Prosvjeti˝ i drugim listovima.
Napisao je ˝Povijest kr. male real. gimnazije bjelovarske˝, 1877. i niz historijskih rasprava.
Bavio se i crtanjem pejzaža, te su mnogi njegovi radovi bili objavljeni u časopisima i knjigama.
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s437 6939 Vienac1880, Požega - Risao prof. Ernest Kramberger, Zabavi i pouci, Tečaj XII., God., Uredjuje ga August Šenoa, Izdaje dionička tiskara ,1880., u Zagrebu, Tisak dioničke, tiskare
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Povijest.hr:
www.facebook.com/historia.hr/posts/1981834565197944
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Vienac1880:
www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10212827774864361&set...
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Old towns:
www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10212827801905037&set...
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The beautiful stained glass cieling at the great hall of the national gallery of victoria, designed by sir roy grounds
Title: Just Smile
Like the shot? Fav it!
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"Forget the pain, forget the loss... take a minute and just... Smile"
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Another shooting with the gorgeous massilia
This was actually an unplanned outtake but I quite the sweet snuggy feeling it gives as opposed to the rest of my colder more morbid tones of works =P
Hope it makes some of you smile too =)
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Credits:
- Joëlle Stébenne (helped hang the bazillion butterflies from my cieling!)
- Jeanine. C (Makeup, Hair, FX)
- Massilia (Model)
Strobist Info:
1x WL X1600 in 22" Beauty Dish lighting up the face & body
Triggered with Cybersyncs
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Thanks for viewing my photostream =)
Please leave a comment and feel free to throw in some constructive criticism!
©VonWong
Montreal Conceptual Photographer