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View of William Street, Bathurst
Dated: No date
Digital ID: 12932_a012_a012X2449000063
Rights: www.records.nsw.gov.au/about-us/rights-and-permissions
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Kings Parade, Bathurst
Dated: later than 1933
Digital ID: 12932_a012_a012X2449000062
Rights: www.records.nsw.gov.au/about-us/rights-and-permissions
We'd love to hear from you if you use our photos.
Many other photos in our collection are available to view and browse on our website using Photo Investigator.
A Very Brief History of Bathurst.
Bathurst is the first inland town of mainland Australia and the first NSW town away from the coastal plains of Sydney. It was established by a decree of Governor Macquarie in 1815. This happened at a time when Macquarie was reluctant to open up areas to settlement and to give more land grants. But the pressures of the British Colonial Office and the rapidly developing British industrial revolution meant new supplies of wool for the Lancashire textile mills were needed. Coupled with this was the desire by freed convicts (emancipists), gentlemen settlers and others to open up the west and make a fortune. Bathurst began as a settlement with strong links to England- it was named after Lord Bathurst, the streets were named after British kings- William and George, and other streets were named after British politicians and colonial office leaders- Howick, Gladstone, Peel, Durham, Keppel and others.
The first squatters were Cox, Lawson and Icely but others soon followed. They received “unofficial” land grants in 1815 which were not officially confirmed until 1823 just before Governor Macquarie was ready to leave the colony. As more white people moved into the district the town as the governor set up a depot and barracks in Bathurst. It was a convict town and military barracks. The police were needed to shoot escaped convicts and bushrangers and get the local Aboriginal people under control. The convicts in Australia were seldom incarcerated in prison; they were usually assigned as labourers to pastoralists. So Bathurst was needed to house, police and control convicts and ex-convicts and ticket of leave men (men basically on parole). So the settlement of Bathurst in 1820 consisted on a few free settlers, some wealthy pastoralists, lots of government officials and the town Commandant, and convicts. In fact in 1820 there were 16 free people, 75 convicts and 13 emancipists. The free people were soldiers and their wives. The buildings consisted of Macquarie’s Cottage, the house of the superintendent of convicts, a government store, barracks for soldiers and convicts, and a granary. The focus of town was the police barracks, a site now occupied by the City Bowling Club. In those days it was the Ordinance Ground. The early town was built by convicts and they comprised three quarters of the population. Nothing much remains of the work and effort of the convicts, except for Macquarie’s Bathurst House.
After Macquarie left the colony in 1824 and settlement by free people was being encouraged more and more land grants were given. On the river flats land grants were usually 70 to 100 acres, but the large pastoral runs were obtained by land grants too during the 1820s. By 1828 the Bathurst area had over 1,200 people in it, and convicts had fallen to about 55% of all residents. The most convicts arrived in Bathurst during the 1830s, the peak time for transportation to Australia. Transportation ceased in 1850, just before the 1851 gold rushes. But even then convicts still comprised about 30% of the total population. The gold rushes changed that forever.
Most of the early free settlers lived in Kelso across the river, whilst the wealthy, government officials and convicts lived in Bathurst. The town saw one of the worst conflicts in Australia between whites and the Wiradjura in 1823/24. The Aboriginal leader, Windradyne (now a suburb of Bathurst) led his people on a series of raids and attacks on sheep for food. The whites retaliated with arsenic in damper (arsenic was sued to control scab in sheep) and shooting parties. Aborigines on Kelso river flats stealing potatoes were shot and killed. In relation shepherds were killed by the Aborigines. Thirteen stockmen were killed in one month. Governor Darling declared martial law for Bathurst for six months in 1824. Government reports said 60 to 70 aborigines were killed during this time, but locals claim it was more like two hundred. Three whites were tried for murder of aboriginal people in 1824 but they were acquitted. The government had a £500 reward on the head of the leader Windradyne. This was not claimed. When he returned to Bathurst in 1829, wounded from conflict with another Aboriginal group it was Dr Busby who dressed his wounds before he died. The street where Ben Chifley lived was named after this government doctor.
The early buildings of Bathurst no longer exist. The 19th century town which we can see today mainly dates from the period after the gold rushes (1851), when the town was wealthy and booming in the 1860s and 1870s. Some exceptions are: Macquarie’s Government House (1817); Holy Trinity Anglican Church in Kelso (1835); Kelsoville House in Kelso dating from 1840; the original part of the Methodist church hall (1832); and the original Anglican manse, now Miss Traill’s Cottage ( 1845). So the legacy of convict buildings is gone. The pamphlet on a historical walk around Bathurst available from the Information Centre concentrates on buildings erected between 1860 and 1900.
Streetcars have been a consistent theme in my photography for 2008. Soon this particular series will be replaced by newer, sleeker models so I suppose I am shooting them while they're still on the road.
Facing Russell St is the Neo-Classical courthouse with octagonal Renaissance dome . It is Bathurst's most distinguished public building and is regarded by the National Trust as 'one of Australia's finest examples of Victorian public architecture'. Designed by James Barnet, it was completed in 1880. The wings, built as the postal and telegraph offices, were opened in 1877. The entire structure is 81 m long and 45 m wide.
Donald Horne, author of The Lucky Country, described the building as 'one of the most successful expressions of late colonial self-confidence ever produced. Large and, with forecourt, wasteful enough to belong to the governor of a prosperous province, it has achieved bland certainty by overcoming its own complexities - which include a Doric portico with pediment, an octagonal tower with turret, stone facings and brick pilasters, a colonnade of Doric pillars, a sage-green roof, red bricks, yellow bricks and long lines of sash windows'.
Read more: www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-factsheet/bathurst-20081113-...
Like Weereewa in miniature Lake Bathurst or Bundong comes and goes. It's all on private land and locked away from visitation, or at least that is how it seems now. I've driven by here once before, in the opposite direction, probably thirty years ago and didn't notice it. I suppose it was dry then.
Roll back the clock seventy years and it was to Lake Bathurst that my father had driven roughly thirty miles in his 1927 Oldsmobile — cut down and a flatbed tray fitted. His sole purpose was to collect sand to cast concrete stumps on which to build his house. He took it home, washed it, mixed the concrete with a shovel for my mother to pack it into moulds. At least, that's what I've been told. How times change!
And all that while Lake Bathurst has just sat there minding its own business, coming and going; coming and going with the seasons.
Taken in the Bathurst Estate in Cirencester.
Cirencester, known as the "Capital Of The Cotswolds", is an historic Roman town in the heart of the Cotswolds with attractions from a Roman Ampitheatre to the nearby Chedworth Roman Villa. The Corinium Museum in an important source of information on the local history.
The Greek writer Ptolemy mentions Korinion in his Geography, written about AD 150, and it is agreed that the Romans based the name Corinium on a Celtic word Corn or Corin. This may derive from the name of the British tribe, the Cornovii, and in any case it is connected with the name of the River Churn.
www.cirencester.co.uk/history.htm
Cirencester park is the home of the Bathurst family. The house is not open to the public. Behind the high wall stands a spectacular yew hedge, which was planted in 1720 and is 40 feet high. The annual trimming in July was featured in both The Times and The Daily Telegraph in 1991. Park Street leads round to Cecily Hill, at the top of which is the main entrance to the park, one of the largest in England. The public is allowed on foot or horseback every day from 8.00am to 5.00pm or as stated on the gates. Cars, motorcycles and bicycles are not permitted.
The park and the woodlands were laid out and planted by the first Earl Bathurst starting in 1714, with the help of his friend, the poet Alexander Pope. From the entrance gates on Cecily Hill, the Broad Ride is laid out for a mile and a quarter between chestnut trees, which lead up to the Seven Rides. Here, seven rides meet together to form a Ronde Point which has fine views across the Cotswold landscape. The first Earl Bathurst built a little summer house feature for his friend and adviser Alexander Pope. The famous poet loved to sit here and muse, and it is said that many of his famous poems were written here, hence the name of Pope’s Seat. It is one of the charming folly buildings which adorn Cirencester Park.
The weekend Bathurst to Central morning service crosses the Blue Mountains.
Lawson, NSW.
Sunday 21 October 2012.
Machattie Park, Bathurst - Crago Memorial Fountain erected in 1891, the Court House is in the background.
www.westernadvocate.com.au/story/915040/fixing-up-the-fou...
When the Grand Fountain, erroneously called the Crago Fountain, was opened on Christmas Eve 1891 the rotunda was filled with chairs for the official party of Councilors, members of Parliament, Bathurst Progress Association and their wives.
www.bathursthistory.org.au/history/40-band-pavillion-mach...
Bathurst Lighthouse, Rottnest Island
Shot while at "work"
Comments, Tips, Tricks etc are all welcome
Thanks
Damian
One of the many mews found in London. Originally stables, they were converted to habitable dwellings with the advent of the motor car. Very fashionable in the 'Swinging Sixties'. Bathurst Mews was used as a location for the film Scandal, one of the properties became Christine Keeler's flat.
Jamie Whincup leads the Bathurst 1000 as Mark Winterbottom has a look at a pass. In one corners time, Craig Lowndes would tag Winterbottom from behind spinning the falcon out, Lowndes would get a Stop Go penalty, Winterbottom never recovered from the spin, Whincup would run out of fuel on the last lap and the last car in this scene, Chaz Mostert, would take out one of the greatest and most dramatic Bathurst 1000's to date.
2011-12-24
Bathurst NB, from VIA train "The Ocean"
(trajet Montréal-Halifax)
Rolleicord V
Fuji Neopan Acros 100
Caffenol C-M (+table salt)
Bathurst Correctional Complex, an Australian medium security prison for males, is located in Bathurst, New South Wales, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the central business district. The facility is operated by Corrective Services NSW, an agency of the Department of Attorney General and Justice, of the Government of New South Wales. The Complex accepts felons charged and convicted under New South Wales and/or Commonwealth legislation and serves as a reception prison for Western New South Wales. A minimum-security cellblock, known as X Wing, is located outside the walls of the main part of the gaol. It also detains males on remand: in 2005, over 20% of Australia's prisoners were on remand.
In 2014 it was reported that between seven and ten female offenders were being housed in the Complex each week.
The current structure incorporates a massive, hand-carved sandstone gate and façade that was opened in 1888 based on designs by the colonial architect, James Barnet. The Complex came to national prominence during the 1970s due to a series of riots by inmates protesting over living conditions.
History
Correction facilities were first established in the Bathurst town centre in circa 1830, as the Bathurst Gaol, adjacent to the Bathurst Court House, also designed by Barnet. As sanitary conditions at the town watch house deteriorated, a new gaol was built to Barnet's designs, and proclaimed on 7 June 1888.
The hand-carved sandstone gate at the new goal featured an ornate sculptured lion's head holding a key that is a Victorian symbol designed to impress wrongdoers with the immense power and dignity of the law. Legend has is that when the key falls from the lion's mouth, the prisoner are allowed to go free. The new building which contained 308 cells and "commodious workshops" was complete and partly occupied in 1888. This was one of a number of gaols rebuilt or enlarged in this period, the purpose of which was to commence the program of 'restricted association' of prison inmates. The Governor of the Bathurst gaol reported on restricted association as follows:
"The restricted treatment for male prisoners has been in vogue for the past seventeen months, and has worked in every way satisfactorily. The prisoners are more obedient, and there is a marked improvement in the discipline; several of them have on many occasions told me that they would not desire to return to the old system. On the 11th December, the new treatment was introduced into the female division, under the supervision of the Comptroller-General for Prisons everything passed off satisfactorily, and ever since has worked well. A few days afterward the whole of the prisoners, by yards (when mustered for dinner) desired me to thank the Comptroller-General for his kindness in placing them under the treatment, stating that they were grateful for the concessions allowed to them in the way of reading and light at night."
The gaol generally accommodated prisoners where they "were deemed amenable to reformative influences" up until 1970 where the gaol was reclassified as a maximum security prison.
Riots
In October 1970, prisoners rebelled as a result of dissatisfaction with their living conditions. As best described by Justice John Nagle during proceedings of the Nagle Royal Commission (1976–1978):
"In common with all maximum security gaols built last century, Bathurst has no glass in the windows. Prisoners, who spent about eighteen hours a day in their cells, frequently had their bedding wet by rain and sleet. There was no heating in the cells despite the extreme cold experienced in Bathurst. The cells could be stifling in summer. Screens were not permitted on the windows, and the piggery operated by the gaol outside its southern wall (between towers 4 and 6) contributed to the flies and insects and all types of odorous smells which invaded the cells in summer."
Prison officials retaliated after the protests by beating and punishing prisoners, in what came to be termed the 'Bathurst Batterings'. The Department of Corrective Services conducted an inquiry. Although the officer who conducted the investigation concluded that a prima facie case existed against prison officers generally at Bathurst, this was not communicated to the Minister. The Department, and the Minister, continued to dismiss allegations of misconduct as unfounded.
Larger riots in February 1974 caused A$10 million in damage, partially due to a fire started by petrol bombs as officials had failed to address earlier prison concerns. Again, referring to Justice Nagle:
"Prison officers were issued with arms, and without having been so ordered, began firing on the prisoners. '.....there was an indiscriminate use of firearms, with no proper instructions given or understanding gained of when or where to use them......' The shootings were, moreover, in direct contravention of instructions sent from departmental headquarters."
As a result of this and problems at other correctional facilities, Justice Nagle was appointed to conduct a Royal Commission to oversee reforms to the Australian penal system.
Machattie Park is located on the site of the old Bathurst Gaol that was built c1847 but demolished in 1888. It was named after Dr Richard Machattie, an early doctor who was a respected member of the community who served several terms as Mayor. The park is bounded by William, Keppel, George and Russell Streets.
A few of the large trees in the park are original plantings and there are many other interesting features, including the Caretaker's Cottage, Fernery and Band Rotunda designed by architect J Hine and built in 1890.
The elaborate woodwork of the cottage verandah is a striking illustration of the trend away from cast iron lace which began at this time.
The Great Fountain commonly known as the Crago Fountain was installed in 1891. The Monro Drinking Fountain was erected in 1891 in memory of the Monro family, who had early
banking interests in the town. The Lake, Fernery and Begonia House were constructed later, with the Fernery containing some imposing marble statuary.
Various memorials have been erected since the park was built including the Lewins, Webb, Griffin and Busby Gates as well as the lily pond in memory of Dr John Brooke Moore. See also - www.visitbathurst.com.au/images/stories/History/PDF/Macha...