View allAll Photos Tagged article
blogged a bit about my recent article in FRANKIE magazine...
The article is on shooting with different toy cameras.
Covers all my favs.
LOMO, Holga, fisheye, polaroid sx-70 and a few other bits peices....
oh Frankie how i love thee! except when you put crap photo with my article!
Dangerous Liaisons
by Choderlos de Laclos
An article by Valerie Mamicheva
Choderlos de Laclos, an eighteenth-century French novelist, is best remembered for Les liaisons dangereuses, or Dangerous Liaisons. This epistolary novel tells of the unscrupulous libertinism practiced by the central characters, Valmont and Merteuil. Together they plot for pleasure and power, but their scheme turns against them.
Laclos was a reasonably successful army general in his time. Although at one stage he was imprisoned for his work on Les liaisons dangereuses, the novel was an enormous success (and a veritable scandal).
And, obviously, the main characters of "Dangerous liaisons" are vicomte de Valmont and madam de Merteuil. Exactly they braid all intrigues together and spoil the lives of so many people. That is what we see on the example of Cecile de Volanges and madam de Tourvel. The famous director Milos Foreman in his filming of "Dangerous Liaisons" remarked, that the main theme and idea of the novel is opening of the image and the goal of of the deeds of unamendabled lover Valmont, his growing up under influence of madam de Tourvel's love? That's why Milos Foreman renamed his film from "Dangerous Liaisons" to simply "Valmont". Exactly, in Valmont Choderlos de Laclos wanted to show vices of his century, Valmont is its reflection. But madam de Merteuil hasn't gone too far from Valmont. In the novel we are watching their correspondence. Why Choderlos de Laclos chose epistolary genre? Because only in a letter we can clearly consider and perceive some thoughts and feelings of a man. Even a style of writing a letter can can tell us much about him. For example, let us take madam de Merteuil – she writes in a exquisite and dainty style, using many epithets and specific words, in her "speech" we see utterances of the famous philosophers of her time, her own dictums. And more, this dainty schemer owns a flexible and sharp wit, sense of humour, and she is well educated and interested in all latest news about theatre and music. She is an interesting person to deal with. Madam de Merteuil can stand for herself, she can get every man she wants, she can be charming and attractive, virtuous and modest (remember her relationships with madam de Volanges). She early understood that a woman can conquer a man, subordinate him, if she wants so. But this woman is ought not only to be able to talk about a fashion and to have good manners – wise marquise consulted with philosophers, writers, moralists. She knows how to behave herself with men and she knows what she wants. She enjoys this "game of love" and a sharp intrigue she twisted between the lovers -- chevalier Danceny and Cecile de Volanges. It gives her pleasure and joy. Cecile is too young and naive to understand a cunning plan of de Merteuil. But Danceny revealed her bad nature at the end. Her accomplice is skilful in love vicomte de Valmont.
Valmont is a face of his age. It is worth of thinking, was Valmont the only representative of such "tending to love" in all Paris? Off course, no. But, maybe, Valmont isn't so insidious lecher as it seemed at first. Maybe, the matter is in marquise de Merteuil, who supplies this poisonous source in his soul and culls her vanity in it. That is what Valmont couldn't understand, he was only a toy in the hands of the cunning marquise, who calculated everything. Yet, marquise realized that Valmont's new love (madam de Tourvel) began to ennoble him and change him. And she insisted on his brake with madam de Tourvel because she is afraid to lose him. The intrigue with de Tourvel went too far, she considers. Not realizing – that, Valmont fights for his love he suggests an alternative to marquise, she chooses a war. And he loses, he dies, he has a talk with Danceny, to whom he opened what he understood quite recently – now he knows all essence of this maleficent woman. He died, but morally towered over her. He died free from burden of his sins.
And what do Valmont and de Merteil have common and and different? Both of them – mean souls, capable to fraud and treason, connoisseurs of a sharp intrigue and they are interested in its flexible uncoupling. To use surrounding people in your own purposes is the greatest pleasure. An intrigue for them is a whole art, ability to stay alive and to get wishing. Hundreds, or even thousands of people got victims of this art. They are accomplices in their sins, the plans they invent together. That is what united them. But their lives in society ended differently. For madam de berteuil – it was a great disgrace, departure in big hurry from France, she got ravaged and ashamed. Valmont – he dies in a duel with Danceny, but he dies with realization of his terrible way of life, he understands that he spoiled a lot of women's reputations, and he is sorry for that. He apologizes to Madam de Tourvel, his soul is saved from marquise's poison. His did exalted him.
One more heroine of "Dangerous liaisons" is Cecile de Volanges. She has just arrived from the monastery, she is young and inexperienced, trustful and lightheaded. She fell in love with Danceny. Having fallen into the trap made by Valmont and marquise de Mereuil she let them use herself how do they like. She is defenseless before their cunning and dainty cruelty. And the love to Danceny made her absolutely simple victim. De Merteuil wants to revenge her last lover and Cecile de Volanges is only one section in a chain of cunningly braided intrigues. They shamed her before the all society, before her own mother. Poor Cecile, at the end, went to a monastery. Her pure and noble soul couldn't solve this riddle. Her mother didn't find out the all truth about what had happened.
One more noble heart and virtuous soul is madam de Tourvel. For Valmont to spoil a woman with a high moral principles and pure soul is a real victory. But for madam de Tourvel it was a real pure and beautiful love which happens only once in a life. Valmont's letters she read for hundreds times and knew them by heart. But for him it is only a fine game, light amusement. Madam de Tourvel couldn't betray her moral principles, her husband and a religion. Valmont made her do it. Gradually, Valmont didn't mention himself to fall in love with madam de Tourvel. He didn't notice that his feelings began to change from shameful and dirty into gentle and romantic. He wanted to donate his love in the name of his reputation of the "first reprobate in Paris". The result of his mistake was madam de Tourvel's death. Though he was in time to analyze his mistake and not only this one, but others either. At the end, we can say, that "Dangerous Liaisons's goal was not only the reflection of the atmosphere of dainty libertinism and lie hidden with virtue but to suppress these vices and others on the example of Valmont and madam de Merteuil.
"Dangerous liaisons" is very moral, special philosophical-moral-ethical creation.
— Valerie Mamicheva
Newspaper piece about the opening of Clover Store in Westmont Plaza, Haddon Township NJ. This space was later a Super Fresh Food Market, then was Crystal Lake Thriftway.
Sydney Morning Herald article about sea horses in sydney:
www.smh.com.au/environment/conservation/seahorses-thrive-...
Seahorses thrive on shark nets: expert
They are found clinging to Sydney's shark nets, where they make their home, fall in love and dance together each morning.
While critics decry shark nets as environmentally destructive underwater eyesores, Sydney's seahorses need the nets to survive, says University of Newcastle marine scientist and seahorse expert David Harasti.
Harasti, whose research on the marine creatures' dependence on shark nets will be published in a scientific journal later this year, says it is their way of adapting to the changing harbour environment.
"Over the years we've lost a lot of habitat like sponge gardens, soft corals and sea grasses," he says.
"The seahorses are now adapting to change and living on the shark nets."
He says the nets are "perfect" for seahorses.
"They're very weak swimmers and they can't swim away to escape predators so they rely on two things - something to curl their tail around and something [weedy] they can hide among. The nets provide both."
He said that, when the nets at Clifton Gardens, adjoining Sydney Harbour National Park, were last replaced, the local seahorse population refused to return for two years.
In his soon-to-be-published paper, he recommends leaving a layer of growth on the bottom metre of the nets when cleaning them.
"The seahorse population in Sydney Harbour is stable and doing well and that's mainly because of the nets," he said.
"I refer to the nets as an underwater pub, an attraction device ... you get one seahorse there, then another one will come along ... and then more and more will start to come."
Harasti's latest research will focus on 22 baby seahorses bred at Sydney Aquarium and released at Clifton Gardens on May 17. This follows the release of 30 babies in 2007 at Sydney's Manly beach.
Seven of the 2007 batch are regularly seen and one has started breeding.
Harasti wants to see if survival will be better at Clifton Gardens where there is a different habitat and less wave action.
All the babies will be tagged with a pink or yellow fluorescent tag and monitored by divers every two weeks.
"The main thing is to see if captive-bred animals will survive in the wild once they're released," Harasti says.
"If we've got an area where sea horses were wiped out through over-collection or loss of habitat there may be an opportunity to reintroduce seahorses back and repopulate."
Sydney Harbour is home to two species, the potbelly seahorse - the largest seahorse in the world - and the more common White's seahorse, which is found only along the coast from Foster to Sydney.
Australia has 20 species of seahorses and there are about 60 species around the world. They are found everywhere except the cold Arctic and Antarctic waters.
They are most threatened in waters around Vietnam, Thailand and the Philippines, where they are harvested for traditional Chinese medicine.
Harasti describes the seahorse as unique because the male gives birth, the only animal to do so.
They also "like company and are very, very sociable and one of the few marine animals that fall in love", he says.
"At the start of breeding, a male and female will come together and they'll stay together the whole season," he says.
"They'll live about a metre apart and every morning they'll come together and do a little mating dance where the male and female curl their tails together.
"We've just found that the same pairs actually come together the following breeding season as well. They are long-term monogamists."
The male gives birth about four or five times over summer, producing about 100 babies at a time. As soon as he's done, the female deposits more eggs in his pouch.
Harasti says the evolutionary reason for the male seahorse's pregnancy is a mystery, as is where they go during winter.
"What happens in Sydney and Port Stephens every winter after the breeding season finishes is a lot of the adult sea horses disappear.
"We think that they move into deep water but we've never ever been able to find them over winter.
"The same animals ... turn back up in shallow water on the nets in breeding season again.
"It's a big mystery where they go in the winter months."
Harasti says there is something inherently fascinating about seahorses.
"It's their whole appearance, they've got the head of a horse, the body of a mermaid," he says.
"It's just the way they look - they've got that sort of mystic aura about them."
Grandad on the cover of The Alexandria Journal, in honor of 50th Anniversary of D-Day. About halfway down the article text you can read some very personal stuff about his specific actions on D-Day, including his chilling quote, "In war, they don't scream like they normally would. They scream for their mothers."
PHOTO CAPTION: "Former United Press correspondent Doug Werner, left, dodged heavy fire while unarmed and carrying a typewriter. James L[REDACTED], below, swam to shore after more than a third of his unit was killed leaving the boat."
FULL ARTICLE TEXT:
"Fifty Years Ago, on June 6, 1944, the allies attacked a continent enchained by a forced of evil that historians today still struggle to understand. Nazi Germany had plundered civilized Europe and murdered millions of its peoples for nearly five yeras. The invasion launched early on that June day sought to put an end toall that and restore peace to what was left of a continent. From sites in southern England the Allies crossed the English Channel in the greatest amphibious invasion in history. On D-Day, soldiers--supported by air and naval forces--begin the long, bloody fight to free Europe and the world from the Nazis. The war in Europe did not end on D-Day, far from it. But it marked the beginning of the closing chapter of the most destructive war in history.
[COLUMN CUT OFF, SO THIS PART IS FRAGMENTS]
future wife, Ronni [sic; my grandma], from a
camp.
,000 others like them endured
es the rough English Channel
so lethal that even the most
surprised.
rt, we were oversold," said
from his [my grandad] home in Alexandria.
were members of the 16th
1st Infantry Division, which
Sicily in 1943 and in Algeria
were prepared to meet the
ere.
and the 29th Infantry divi-
irst wave onto Omaha Beach
ia National Guard, were met
resistance than anyone had
had been on tactical drills in
ng days were already along the
beach, positions to fire on the
rs and prevent reconnaissance
s came to U.S. Army Rangers
ross the beach and climb the
o big guns positioned to the fire
t the beach,they got the evil
[Grandad] said.
Casualties, the Rangers eventu-
f the cliffs only to find that the
aken the guns down.
they and other units encoun-
re trapped among defensive
to have been cleared from the
[DONE WITH CUT OFF COLUMN, BACK TO NORMAL]
it," said Finke, whose father had come to the United States to learn the cotton business, was born in Mississippi but grew up in Germany. He returned to the United States in his teens and joined the U.S. Army.
Although his cousin was a major general in the German army, Finke said there was no question of loyalty to the Allies.
"As far as I was concerned, I was fighting for the U.S. and their cause. I hated Hitler. I detested him. I just kept quiet how I felt. There was no sense in starting a family feud," Finke said.
Although his father never left Germany and died be3fore his son fought in World War II, Fike said he would have been pleased that he fought for the Allies.
As commander of the 16th Infantry's F Company, Finke hid the fact that he had fractured his ankle days before the invasion, and he boarded the ship with his troops.
At 33, Finke was at least 10 years older than most of the soldiers, who saw him more as a father figure than a commanding officer.
For Finke, that underscored his responsibility to his troops on D-Day -- the day they would need him most.
"We just kept quiet about it," he said of his ankle. "nNo one wanted me to not be there. If I hadn't come, that company wouldn't have functioned very well. If I hadn't have gone, they would have felt betrayed."
Sitting in his home recently at The Fairfax retirement community at Fort Belvoir, Finke recalled with emotion a major who avoided D-Day with claims of a back injury.
[BACK TO STUFF ABOUT MY GRANDAD, NEXT COLUMN]
"to avoid the gunfire, the navy r____ and mistakenly dropped the ramp into the ocean. Thirty-five of the 102 men on board were killed just getting off the boat, [Grandad] said.
"People went in all directions," he said. "They were jumping in water clear up to their necks with 109 pounds on their backs, going this way and thatt to avoid fire."
When he saw what was happening, [Grandad] and three others jumped off the side of the boat into the ocean.
All around them the water turned red from the dead soldiers, some of whom served as cover for the living. The wounded, some with limbs torn off, lay next to them, screaming for help.
In war, [Grandad] said, "They don't scream like they normally would. They scream for their mothers."
Looking back out to sea, the soldiers could see other disasters. A battalion with 16 Double Dry tanks struggled with floatation devices and padded propellers that wouldn't hold up in the choppy water.
"Look at the tanks out there! Look at what the 735th is doing!" [Grandad] recalled the soldiers yelling. "All 16 sunk to the bottom. We knew all of them."
With fire spitting all around them, [Grandad] and the other three made their way to the beach, taking cover behind sand dunes to catch their breath.
From behind a dune being battered on both ends, [Grandad] directed the men to go single-file over the top. After several minutes, [Grandad] made his way over the dune. When he got to the other side, he found the three men lying dead in front of him.
As he climbed the dune, machine gun fire tore ... [Please see D-DAY, A9]
Damn I want to know what happened next!
James.
Alexandria Journal, newspaper article.
from Dad.
Normandy, Nanny and Grandad's house, Alexandria, Virginia, France.
June 3, 1994.
... Read my blog at ClintJCL.wordpress.com
James Bernard L, my grandfather (dad's dad). Born 2/18/1922 in Fairmont, WV. Died 12/18/2001 in Arlington, VA.
Son of James and Minnie
Husband of Maria Clara ("Ronnie")
Father of Victor (dad)
Brother of Arnold Ray, Lena May and Charles
James Bernard L was a long-serving member of the 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division, and its Association. He joined the National Guard in 1936, then the 16th Infantry in 1940 at Fort Jay, New York. In the Allied landings in Africa in November, 1942, he was the Regimental Sergeant Major. He fought in Sicily and later, in the Normandy Invasion, as a Warrant Officer under General Omar Bradley. He continued with the 16th Infantry through France, the Battle of the Bulge, Germany and Czechoslovakia, earning a Silver Star.
After the war, he served at Fort Knox, Kentucky, the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon, Fort Shafter, Hawaii, Ft. Sam Houstin in San Antonio, TX, and the Adjutant Generals School, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, where he retired in 1960 as a CWO-4.
James then became one of the strongest supporters of the Regimental Association, writing many articles and booklets produced by the Association, and was a contributor, editor, and participant in the production of the recent volume of the regiment's history, "Blood and Sacrifice."
James was also an avid flag collector and member of NAVA, and a longtime philatelist.
Ronnie L, born Maria Clara Rechen, is Clint's grandmother (dad's mom). Born 10/25/1918 in Lvov, Poland. Died 11/13/2003 in Alexandria, VA.
Daughter of Jozefa and Jacob, she was the only survivor of the holocaust in her family. She was liberated from a work camp by Clint's grandfather (James Bernard L.), who stormed Normandy 20 minutes into the D-Day invasion.
Demel
The title of this article is ambiguous. Other uses, see Demel (disambiguation).
K.u.K. Hofzuckerbäcker Ch Demel 's Söhne GmbH
Founded in 1786
Coffee and pastry industry
Products Coffee, tea, cakes
website www.Demel.at
Interior furnishings from Komptoir Demel in Vienna, from Portois Fix
When decorating goods Visitors may watch.
Demel is one of the most famous Viennese pastry at the carbon (cabbage) market (Kohlmarkt) 14 in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. Demel was a k.u.k. Hofzuckerbäcker and runs this item today in public.
History
1778 came the of Wurttemberg stemming confectioner Ludwig Dehne to Vienna. 1786, he founded his pastry shot at the place of St. Michael. Dehne died in 1799 of tuberculosis. His widow then married the confectioner Gottlieb Wohlfahrt. In 1813 they bought the house in St. Michael's Square 14. Despite numerous innovations such as frozen the company's finances could not be rehabilitated. After the death of Gottlieb Wohlfahrt in 1826 the widow and her son from her first marriage August Dehne succeeded but the economic boom. August Dehne managed to great wealth, he invested in land. As the son of August Dehne struck another career as a lawyer, Dehne sold the confectionery in 1857 to his first mate Christoph Demel.
Demel also had success in the continuation of the company and established it to a Viennese institution. After the death of Christoph Demel in 1867 his sons Joseph and Charles took over the business, which is why it since "Christoph Demel 's Söhne" means. On request Demel received 1874 the Hoflieferantentitel (the titel as purveyor to the court). The proximity to the Imperial Palace directly opposite made business more profitable. The Hofburg borrowed from Demel occasionally staff and tableware for special occasions such as proms and parties. Recent developments in the art of confectionery were brought from Paris. Trained at Demel, professionals quickly found employment.
1888 Old Burgtheater was demolished at Michael's place and transformed the place. Demel had to move out of the house and he moved to the Kohlmarkt 14. The new store inside was equipped inside with high costs by purveyor to the court Portois & Fix. The interior is decorated in the style of Neo-Rococo with mahogany wood and mirrors. Regulars were members of the Viennese court as Empress Elisabeth, and other prominent members of the Vienna society of the time, the actress Katharina Schratt and Princess Pauline von Metternich. A peculiarity of Demel from the time of the monarchy is that the always female attendance, which originally was recruited from monastic students, is dressed in a black costume with a white apron. They are called Demelinerinnen and address the guest traditionally in a special "Demel German", which is a polite form of the third person plural, omitting the personal salutation and with questions such as "elected Have you?" or "want to eat?" was known.
After the death of Joseph and Carl Demel took over Carl's widow Maria in 1891 the management. She also received the k.u.k. Hoflieferantentitel. From 1911 to 1917 led Carl Demel (junior) the business and then his sister Anna Demel (4 March 1872 in Vienna - November 8, 1956 ibid ; born Siding). Under her leadership, the boxes and packaging were developed by the Wiener Werkstätte. Josef Hoffmann established in 1932 because of a contract the connection of the artist Friedrich Ludwig Berzeviczy-Pallavicini to Anna Demel. The design of the shop windows at that time was an important means of expression of the shops and there were discussions to whether they should be called visual or storefront (Seh- or Schaufenster - display window or look window). While under the Sehfenster (shop window) an informative presentation of goods was understood, the goods should be enhanced by staging the showcase. From 1933 until his emigration in 1938 took over Berzeviczy-Pallavicini the window dressing of Demel and married in 1936 Klara Demel, the adopted niece of Anna Demel.
During the Nazi regime in Austria the confectioner Demel got privileges from the district leadership because of its reputation. Baldur von Schirach and his wife took the confectioner under their personal protection, there were special allocations of gastronomic specialties from abroad in order to continue to survive. But while the two sat in the guest room and consumed cakes, provided the Demelinerinnen in a hallway between the kitchen and toilet political persecutws, so-called U-Boats. Those here were also hearing illegal radio stations and they discussed the latest news.
1952 Anna Demel was the first woman after the war to be awarded the title Kommerzialrat. She died in 1956. Klara Demel took over the management of the bakery. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini, who lived in the United States until then returned to Vienna. After Clara's death on 19 April 1965, he carried on the pastry. During his time at Demel he established the tradition to make from showpieces of the sugar and chocolate craft extravagant neo-baroque productions. Baron Berzeviczy sold the business in 1972 for economic reasons to the concealed appearing Udo Proksch, who established in 1973 in the first floor rooms for the Club 45; also Defence Minister Karl Lütgendorf had his own salon. After Proksch was arrested in 1989 in connection with the Lucona scandal, he sold Demel to the non-industry German entrepreneur Günter Wichmann. 1993 it came to insolvency. Raiffeisen Bank Vienna as principal creditor, acquired the property in 1994 from the bankrupt company to initially continue itself the traditional Viennese company through a subsidiary. In the process of the renovation in March 1995 on the fourth floor were mura painting from the 18th century exposed and the baroque courtyard covered by a glass construction which since the re-opening on 18 April 1996 can be used as Schanigarten (pavement café) or conservatory.
In 2002 the catering company Do & Co took over the Demel. The company was awarded with the "Golden Coffee Bean " of Jacobs coffee in 1999. Demel now has additional locations in Salzburg and New York.
Products
Demel chocolate products
One of the most famous specialty of the house is " Demel's Sachertorte" . The world-famous Sachertorte was invented by Franz Sacher, but completed only in its today known form by his son Eduard Sacher while training in Demel. After a 1938 out of court enclosed process occurred after the Second World War a till 1965 during dispute between Demel and the Sacher Hotel: The hotel insisted on its naming rights, Demel, however, could pointing out already since the invention of the "Original Sacher" called pie "having used the denomination". Demel had after the death of Anna Sacher in 1930, under defined conditions, the generation and distribution rights for "Eduard-Sacher-Torte" received. The dispute was settled in favor of the Hotel Sacher and the Demelsche cake is today, "Demel 's Sachertorte" and is still made by hand. While a layer of apricot jam under the chocolate icing and another in the center of the cake can be found in the "Original Sacher-Torte", is in "Demel 's Sachertorte " the layer in the middle omitted.
Besides the Sachertorte helped another specialty the pastry to world fame: the original gingerbread figures whose modeling came from the collection of Count Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek on Castle Kreuzenstein. Then there are the Demel cake (almond-orange mass with blackcurrant jam, marzipan and chocolate coating), Anna Torte, Dobos cake, cake trays, Russian Punch Cake, Esterházy cake, apple strudel and other confectionary specialties. Popular with many tourists are the candied violets with which Demel earlier supplied the imperial court and they allegedly have been the Lieblingsnaschereien (favorite candies) of Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"). Rooms in the upper floors as the Pictures Room, Gold Room and the Silver rooms are rented for events. In addition to the pastry shop Demel operates, as it did at the time of the monarchy, a catering service, after the re-opening in 1996 as well as storage, shipping and packaging was desettled in the 22nd District of Vienna. Demel is also responsible for the catering at Niki Aviation.
The Brisbane Courier
15 November 1926
VICTIM'S DEATH. AN ARREST MADE. CUSTOMS HOUSE ACCIDENT.
Mr. William Joseph Charles Shaw (46, single), who was knocked down by a motor car at the Customs House tram stop at about midnight on Friday, and who sustained a fracture of the skull, died at the General Hospital at 11.45 on Saturday morning. Mr. Shaw, who was a shopwalker at M'Donnell and. East Ltd.'s, lived at New Farm. A. brother, Mr. "John Shaw, resides in Kenilworth street, Sherwood.
Stanley Harrison Young, Kent-stieet, New Farm, was arrested yesterday in connection with the matter, and a charge of unlawful killing will be preferred against him in the Police Court this morning.
Queensland State Archives DR18
Brisbane's recorded history dates from 1799, when Matthew Flinders explored Moreton Bay on an expedition from Port Jackson, although the region had long been occupied by the Yugara and Turrbal aboriginal groups. First Nations Australians lived in coastal South East Queensland (SEQ) for at least 22,000 years, with an estimated population between 6,000 and 10,000 individuals before European settlers arrived in the 1820s.
At this time the Brisbane area was inhabited by the Turrbal people, (Turrbal also being the name of the language they spoke) who knew the area that is now the central business district as Mian-jin, meaning "place shaped as a spike". Archaeological evidence suggests frequent habitation around the Brisbane River, and notably at the site now known as Musgrave Park.
The first convict jail was built in Redcliffe in 1824 and that was moved to the site of the present-day CBD in 1825. Officials believed the natural bend in the river provided an effective barrier against escape.
Read more about the Moreton Bay convict settlement in this article: blogs.archives.qld.gov.au/2021/10/05/moreton-bay-convict-...
Its suitability for fishing, farming, timbering, and other occupations, however, caused it to be opened to free settlement in 1838. Civilian occupation of the area began in 1842, and by the late 1880s Brisbane became the main site for commerce, and the capital-to-be began to develop distinct architectural features and culture.
With an abundance of sunshine and laid-back lifestyle, Brisbane quickly drew people eager to settle in its environs. The city grew steadily over the years and a turning point in its advancement was during World War II when it housed the main allied headquarters in the South Pacific for Australian and American service personnel.
The post-war population boom brought a spurt in industry and Brisbane staked a claim as the third-largest city in Australia.
Despite its rapid progress, Brisbane was often seen as lagging culturally behind Sydney and Melbourne. But two landmark events in the 1980s brought about a major change and accelerated Brisbane towards Australia’s new world city it is today.
The Commonwealth Games came to Brisbane in 1982, and this resulted in a massive injection of new infrastructure and sporting facilities. Then the eyes of the world turned to Brisbane in 1988 and thousands of visitors flocked to Expo 88. The subsequent birth of South Bank on the Expo site has resulted in a thriving cultural hub and Brisbane is more than matching it with its southern counterparts.
FIRST NATIONS HISTORY
Prior to European colonisation, the Brisbane region was occupied by Aboriginal tribes, notably clans of the Yugara, Turrbal and Quandamooka peoples. The oldest archaeological site in the Brisbane region comes from Wallen Wallen Creek on North Stradbroke Island (21,430±400 years before present), however, settlement would likely occurred well prior to this date.
The land, the river and its tributaries were the source and support of life in all its dimensions. The river's abundant supply of food included fish, shellfish, crab, and prawns. Good fishing places became campsites and the focus of group activities. The district was defined by open woodlands with rainforest in some pockets or bends of the Brisbane River.
A resource-rich area and a natural avenue for seasonal movement, Brisbane was a way station for groups travelling to ceremonies and spectacles. The region had several large (200–600 person) seasonal camps, the biggest and most important located along waterways north and south of the current city heart: Barambin or 'York's Hollow' camp (today's Victoria Park) and Woolloon-cappem (Woolloongabba/South Brisbane), also known as Kurilpa. These camping grounds continued to function well into historic times, and were the basis of European settlement in parts of Brisbane.
TOWN PLAN
Buildings were constructed for the convict settlement, generally at right angles to the river's shoreline in the direction of Queen Street, and along the shoreline south-east of today's Victoria Bridge. The outstanding surviving building is the Commissariat Store (1828-29), originally two storeys, in William Street. The street layout, however, developed from a thoroughfare from the river's edge running north-east to the prisoners' barrack near the corner of today's Queen and Albert Streets. When a town survey was done in 1840 that thoroughfare was chosen as the main street – Queen Street – and the grid pattern of square blocks moved out from the Queen Street axis. There were several versions of the town survey. The proposed streets varied in width from 20 to 28 metres but Governor Gipps, anticipating an inauspicious future for the settlement, trimmed them back to the lesser figure. Streets running parallel to Queen Street were named after British and related royalty, among them Queen Mary II, Queen Charlotte (wife of George III) and Queen Adelaide (wife of William IV). William, George, Albert and Edward Streets, running at right angles, had similar royal antecedents. Creek Street's position approximated the course of a minor stream, Wheat Creek.
The town survey occurred about three years after a select committee of the British Parliament had concluded that transportation had ceased to deter crime and, in any event, was tainted with inhumanity. By 1839 Moreton Bay was being transformed from a convict settlement to a free settlement, and in July 1842 the first sales of Brisbane land took place in Sydney. Nearly 60 allotments, each of 36 perches, in North and South Brisbane were offered. Twelve months later blocks in Kangaroo Point were sold. Little care was taken to reserve land or space along the river's edge for public purposes, but the government farm at the south-east end was kept and in time became the botanic gardens.
OUTER SETTLEMENTS
The scatter of urban land sales detracted from North Brisbane's role as a central place in Moreton Bay. Wharves were set up on both sides of the river, and there was an Ipswich-Cleveland 'axis' backed by rural interests which wanted the administrative centre and a port at those places. Probably it was the building of a customs house in 1849 on the river in North Brisbane which had a decisive effect: wharf interests moved, to be closer to the customs house, which in turn influenced the location of warehouses and merchandising. South Brisbane remained at a disadvantage until a permanent Victoria Bridge (1874) replaced ferry crossings.
Four years after the first land sales North and South Brisbane's populations were 614 and 346 respectively. The town was nothing much to look at: convict buildings were dilapidated, new structures had been roughly built and mainly it was the steady inflow of new inhabitants which held the best prospects for improvement. A Catholic school had been opened in 1845 and the Moreton Bay Courier weekly newspaper began publication in 1846, but it was not until the end of the decade that noticeable civic amenities emerged. Coinciding with the arrival of the Fortitude immigrants in 1849 (who were settled outside the town boundary, north of Boundary Street), an Anglican school was opened and a Wesleyan church built in Albert Street. A school of arts was established, moving into its own hall in Creek Street in 1851. Regular postal deliveries were introduced in Brisbane in 1852.
During the 1850s most Churches constructed substantial buildings: St Stephens Catholic in Elizabeth Street (1850), St Johns Anglican, William Street, Presbyterian, Ann Street (1857) and Baptist, Wharf Street (1859). There were three ferry services, to South Brisbane, Kangaroo Point and the 'middle' service from Edward Street, also to Kangaroo Point. The Brisbane Municipal Council was proclaimed, just before colonial self-government, in 1859.
There had been land sales well beyond the town boundaries, but in the early 1860s allotments were cut up for working-class cottages in Spring Hill, Petrie Terrace and Fortitude Valley. In 1861 a census recorded over 8000 people in Brisbane and another 5000 in adjoining areas. An Ipswich to Brisbane telegraph began operation and the unused convict windmill (1828) up in Wickham Terrace was converted to a signal station with a time ball.
TOWN IMPROVEMENTS
Municipal improvements were brought in with improved town lighting from the Brisbane gas works (1864) in Petrie Bight, north of the customs house, and the widely felt need for recreation space was officially recognised by a survey of Yorks Hollow (where the Fortitude migrants had been sent) for Victoria Park. Progress there was slow, with the council using the site for sewage disposal until 1886. Fires rid parts of Queen Street of time-worn commercial buildings in 1864, clearing the way for better structures built under the supervision of fire-protection bylaws. The council also found the need to divide its area into four wards, expanding it into six in 1865 (East, West, North, South, Valley and Kangaroo Point). The council also expanded to a new town hall in Queen Street (1866), by when a short-lived bridge to South Brisbane (1865-67) was in operation. The water supply ponds were hopelessly inadequate, and in 1866 a supply from Breakfast Creek, Enoggera, was turned on.
Gympie gold (1867) brought prosperity to the colony, but the rural-dominated legislature spent the money outside Brisbane, a prime example being the Darling Downs railway to Ipswich (1867) with the intent of having a port on the Bremer River. Legislative shenanigans could not stop the growth of the capital city's population (15,000 in 1871, 23,000 in 1881) nor that of the adjoining suburbs. Brisbane's 1881 population of 23,000 included South Brisbane. Ten years later, after South Brisbane had been made a separate municipality in 1887, their combined populations were 49,000. By 1891 Brisbane and suburbs had a population of over 100,000.
With population and export income from gold there came pressure for public buildings appropriate to the town's growing prosperity. The first of them was the general post office in Queen Street (1872), followed by the government printing office (1874) near the Commissariat Store in William Street. A torrent came in the 1880s, with the Queensland National Bank at the corner of Queen and Creek Streets, the Margaret Street Synagogue, Finney Isles Big Block emporium in Adelaide Street, and in 1889 the new Customs House, the Treasury Building in William Street and the Ann Street Presbyterian church. The legislature aspired to grandeur quite early, in 1868, with its Parliament House near the botanic gardens.
TRAINS AND TRAMS
The Ipswich railway line was joined to Brisbane by a bridge across the river at Chelmer and Indooroopilly in 1876. Ten years later a line to the South Coast was under construction, but the lines were at first organised with rural freight rather than suburban passengers in mind. Suburban transport services started with a horse tram out to New Farm (1885-86), and across the Victoria Bridge to West End. Electric powered trams began in 1887. Central Brisbane was crossed by a Queen Street tram, connected to termini at Newstead, West End and Logan Road at Buranda. The main shopping centre was around Queen, George and Adelaide Streets, competing with Brunswick and Wickham Streets in Fortitude Valley. The south side had shopping at Five Ways, Woolloongabba, and at South Brisbane, although the latter declined after the 1893 floods.
Northside tram lines from Red Hill, Kelvin Grove, Clayfield and Hamilton were opened during 1897-1902, coming into the city via Edward Street in most cases. By 1890 there were also suburban railway lines, to Sandgate via Nundah (1882), to Enoggera and to Cleveland (1889). Brisbane Central station (1889) brought northside travellers right into Brisbane, as before then the Sandgate line had ended at Roma Street via a cost saving line through Victoria Park. The line to Brisbane Central station also passed through busy Fortitude Valley.
With the addition of a tram line to Lutwyche and Kedron in 1913 the pressure of traffic led to the construction of a line along Adelaide Street (1915), which in turn required the Council to widen Adelaide Street by four metres between George and Creek Streets in 1922-23.
HOUSE SIZES
Since 1885 minimum house allotments had been set at 16 perches (10m x 40m). Residents could therefore look forward to more airy, spacious houses outside the city and its adjoining suburbs such as Spring Hill and Petrie Terrace. The better-off population invariably sought out the higher ridges on elevated sites overlooking the river, making Hamilton (with a tram in 1899) one of the most sought after suburbs. It was the new upper-working and middle-class suburbs, however, that showed the change most clearly.
CENTRAL CITY SHOPPING
Central Brisbane had grand department stores, Finney Isles, and Allan and Stark, but not as many as Fortitude Valley. A third one came later in George Street, near the Roma Street railway station: McDonnell and East built a low-rise emporium there in 1912. Commercial and government buildings, usually of a modest height, sometimes had a massive footprint. An exception to the prevailing height practice was the Queensland (later Commonwealth) Bank administration building of eight storeys at the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets (1920) clad with sandstone and granite. The CML building, next to the GPO, went to the legal limit of 11 storeys in 1931 and was exceeded in height only by the Brisbane City Hall tower (1930).
The changing commercial centre was thought to need a distinctive civic space and an Anzac Square was proposed in 1915. It was completed in 1930, coinciding with the City Hall and the construction of a second bridge out of the city, across the river to South Brisbane. Named after William Jolly, first Lord Mayor of the amalgamated Brisbane Metropolitan Council (1925), the bridge was opened in 1932. A third bridge was opened in 1940 from the other (eastern) end of the city across to Kangaroo Point. Neither bridge had trams, but each integrated with the metropolitan council's planned arterial road system.
The opening of the Story Bridge was followed by 20 years of building quietude in central Brisbane. The war and postwar recovery explains part of the inactivity, but central Brisbane made do with its prewar building stock during the 1950s. Suburban expansion was the focus of activity, exemplified by Allan and Stark building a drive-in shopping centre at Chermside in 1957. Another change was the removal of the wholesale food market from Roma Street to Rocklea in 1962.
After recovery from the 1961 credit squeeze, commercial pressure and interstate example succeeded in raising the building height limit. The Pearl Assurance building (1966) at Queen Street was 15 storeys and the Manufacturers Mutual Insurance building (1967), also in Queen Street, was 22 storeys. The SGIO building (1970) in Turbot Street was an even more significant structure.
A lack of building activity in central Brisbane in the 1950s did not detract from its role as a retailing destination. Central city shopping boomed while there were low postwar car ownership and strong radial public transport services. The 1953 retail census for metropolitan Brisbane showed that the city and inner suburbs (Fortitude Valley, Bowen Hills, South Brisbane etc) had 74% of total retail sales.
OFFICES AND SHOPS
Set against the decline in retailing was the growth in high-rise office and commercial buildings. By the late 1980s central Brisbane had about 1.75 million sq metres of office space, ten times the amount of retail floor space. Its share of metropolitan office space was over 70%, and fringe areas such as Spring Hill, Fortitude Valley, Milton and Woolloongabba had another 25%. The change in Brisbane's skyline was evident from across the river, an example being the view from Kangaroo Point to the Riverside Centre office building (1987) at Eagle Street. The eastern commercial end of Ann, Adelaide and Queen Streets began to resemble the closed in narrow streets of Sydney's office precinct.
In contrast to office high rise, the Queen Street retailing centre has kept many of its old buildings. The facades are partly concealed by pedestrian mall shade sails and other structures, but the shops and arcades generate plenty of activity. The most significant addition was the Myer Centre (1988) with eight cinemas and 200 other stores, bounded by Queen, Albert and Elizabeth Streets. It replaced Allan and Stark (Queen Street, opposite side) and McWhirters, Fortitude Valley, which had both been taken over by Myer several years before. When opened, the Myer Centre's retail floor area was nearly 108,000 sq m, 26% more than the largest competing regional drive-in centre, at Upper Mount Gravatt.
PARKS AND RESIDENTS
By the 1960s the growth of metropolitan population and motor traffic was putting central Brisbane's streets under strain. All three river bridges fed into the central business district, although the Centenary Bridge (1960) at Jindalee gave temporary relief. Closer in, relief came in 1969 with the widening of the Story Bridge approaches, and the opening of the fourth Victoria Bridge, often known as the Melbourne Street Bridge. The Riverside Expressway was completed in 1976, a close-in ring road along the western edge of central Brisbane, from Victoria Bridge to the new Captain Cook Bridge, and leading to the south-eastern suburbs. The Expressway decisively altered the appearance of Central Brisbane. The tram crossing had ceased to function when trams were replaced by buses, but a railway crossing came very belatedly with the Merivale Bridge, linking South Brisbane and Roma Street stations in 1978. Prior to that the lines from Beenleigh and Cleveland and the trunk standard gauge from Sydney terminated at the South Brisbane station.
Roma Street had been the site of the wholesale food market, and for decades the land had remained under-used. The central city had incrementally added open spaces to its fabric – King George Square enlarged in 1975 and the Post Office Square opened in 1984 – and in 2001-03 the largest addition, the 16 ha Roma Street Parkland was completed.
Along with Albert Park and Wickham Park, the Parkland gives inner city residents generous open space. The residential population of central Brisbane, however, changed little between 1981 and 2001. The inner city (approximately between Ann and Elizabeth Streets) had just 45 dwellings in 1981 and 689 in 2001. The resident populations for the respective years were 1174 and 976, a decrease. Apartments had replaced boarding houses and rooms. The rest of central Brisbane (including Petrie Terrace) also saw an increase in dwellings (758 to 1282) and a decrease in population (3511 to 1797). Single person apartments had increased, multi-person dwellings had decreased and some of each were not lived in full time, often being held for prospective capital gain. The boom in apartment building from 2001 has added thousands of apartments, many rented by overseas students.
The distinctive features of twenty-first century Brisbane are its increasing resemblance to other capital city office precincts, with forecourts, sub-tropical decorative plants and outdoor cafes. Queen Street's signature silver bullet trams last ran in 1969, but the street's unusual width (Andrew Petrie apparently persuaded Governor Gipps on this point) has provided for a signature shopping mall with generous outdoor seating and dining areas. Out of the central retail area elegant sandstone government and commercial buildings have survived, surely an iconic architectural form. Some buildings have removed their clerks and accountants, substituting hotel patrons, tourists and casino visitors. The historic customs house was purchased by The University of Queensland from the federal government, and includes meeting, dining and gallery space. The City Hall (1930), once the tallest building, has been dwarfed by surrounding skyscrapers, so its clock tower no longer affords a commanding view over Central Brisbane. In 2008 the Brisbane City Council agreed to underpin City Hall which was in danger of gradual sinking on inadequate foundations.
The gothic-style St Johns Anglican Cathedral, commenced in 1901-06, was finally completed in 2009. Bounded by Ann and Adelaide streets, the cathedral roof and other buildings sustained extensive damage in a storm in 2014.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane & www.visitbrisbane.com.au/information/about-brisbane/histo... & queenslandplaces.com.au/brisbane-central
The Brisbane Customs House, located at the northern end of Queen Street and beside the Brisbane River at the northern end of the Town Reach, is an imposing two-storeyed rendered brick building in the classical style. The site is prominent due to the proximity to the river, the bend in Queen Street and the general topography which opens up many views to and from the building. A prominent feature is the large copper dome at the semi-circular northern end which is a focal point viewed from both directions along Queen Street and from the river for ships arriving from Moreton Bay. The architectural form of the building announces the northern edge of the city centre and is sympathetic to the landscape features of cliffs and river bends.
The architectural form clearly demonstrates the intended purpose of the building with the double entrance from both the city and the river, which is a response to the siting of the building between the river and the town. The riverside setting allows long views across and along the river to the building.
Other features of the Brisbane Customs House which demonstrate its former use are more characteristic of late 19th century customs houses in Australia, especially the general design and planning arrangement of the building to include an imposing masonry façade, an impressive public space (the former Long Room now used for functions), a secure bonded warehouse (the former Queens Warehouse, now converted to an art gallery), offices and a secure boundary fence.
The Brisbane Customs House is a well proportioned and skilfully designed example of a Victorian building in the Renaissance mode executed to take best advantage of its dominant site and solve the practical problems of dual access from the town and from the river. It has considerable unity in its scale, form and use of materials.
The main structure of the building is of brick on a stone foundation. The columns, pilasters, balusters to the colonnade, the parapet and side entrances are of Murphy's Creek sandstone. There are cast iron balustrades on the recessed verandahs and external stairs. The main roof is clad with corrugated iron. Timber window and door joinery survives reasonably intact on the exterior walls.
The exterior of the building is very intact except for the loss of the original roof, which was replaced by the present steel trussed roof in the 1940s, the removal of chimneys and the widening of the northwestern end of the balconies in the 1940s.
The interior fabric is less intact due to the alterations and additions carried out during its use as a customs house and to the most recent refurbishment, which removed much of the 1940s fabric but recovered aspects of the 19th century form, including reconstruction of the original timber staircase.
Inside the building the most imposing space is that of the Long Room beneath the dome. Fluted Corinthian pilasters of painted plaster are below the coffered ceiling of the dome, which has a central glazed section. In the basement some of the original walls with arched openings remain.
The 1890-91 Moggill sandstone retaining wall carries around the perimeter of the site reasonably intact and incorporates a wrought iron balustrade, masonry piers, stairs and rooms for the former underground privies at the river's edge. There is a small ground with a mature fig tree and sunken garden, which contribute to the building's riverside setting.
The Brisbane Customs House at the northern end of the Town Reach of the Brisbane River, near Petrie's Bight, was erected between 1886 and 1889 to a design prepared by Charles McLay of the Queensland Colonial Architect's Office.
The 1880s building replaced an earlier and much smaller customs house on the site. The location had been chosen in 1849 following the declaration of Moreton Bay as a port of entry in 1846 and after considerable discussion as to the most suitable location for a customs house. At the time shipping activity was centred on the South Brisbane Reach and the decision to locate a customs house at the northern end of the Town Reach acted as an impetus for the development of wharves along this part of the river. A small building was erected for customs purposes in 1850 and in the following decades became increasingly inadequate as Brisbane emerged as the principal commercial centre and port of Queensland.
In 1884 the Queensland Government decided to construct a new customs house. In March 1886 a design by Charles McLay was selected from many proposals in the Colonial Architect's Office for a new Brisbane Customs House. McLay completed the specification in May 1886 and construction commenced in September that year.
Charles McLay was the major designer under the colonial architect George Connolly and was appointed Chief Draftsman in 1889. His works include the Bundaberg Post Office, probably the Fortitude Post Office and the Lady Norman Wing Brisbane Children's Hospital (with JJ Clark), of which the Brisbane Customs House is by far the most ambitious and prominent design.
The contract was let to one of Brisbane's oldest and most respected contractors, John Petrie & Son, who tendered with a price of £37,342. The contract time was 30 months but because of difficulties with the supply of some materials, especially stone for the foundations, and alterations to the original plans, the building took longer than anticipated to complete and it was opened on 2 September 1889. Retaining walls, fencing, a double staircase down to the river and nearby earth closets were also constructed.
Construction was finished in three years at a cost of £38,346. The downstream end of the Brisbane central business district was selected to spur the development of wharves in the precinct known as Petrie Bight. The lower floor contained a secure warehouse where goods not having been passed customs were stored.
The completed building incorporated pedimented gables and a massive colonnade. Heraldic scenes in the pediments were precursors to the official Queensland coat of arms, which was not granted until 1893. A curved iron balustrade to the balconies included the initials of the reigning sovereign, Victoria Regina, in the cast. Red cedar was used extensively for desks, counters, cabinets and tables as well as for a massive and elegant staircase.
The Brisbane Customs House was built during a period of economic prosperity and a construction 'boom' in Queensland and was amongst the more impressive of a number of notable public and commercial buildings erected in Brisbane during the 1880s, which included the first stage of the Treasury Building (1886-1889). Public pride in the new customs house was considerable. On 7 September 1889, a few days after the building was opened for business, the local Brisbane Courier newspaper drew attention to "the handsome and imposing appearance, especially as seen from the river or from Petrie's Bight" and predicted that the Brisbane Customs House with its tall columns, pilasters and large copper-sheathed dome would "become one of the features of the city".
In 1891 stables, additional retaining walls and fencing, and more earth closets were erected at a cost of £446. By the mid-1890s gardens and a driveway had been developed. The mature fig tree now at the site was possibly planted about this time. Minor repairs were carried out throughout the 1890s, including some work in 1895 after seven feet (2.1 m) of water inundated the basement during the Brisbane River floods early in 1893.
By December 1908 the Brisbane Customs House, valued at £80,804 (£40,804 for the structure and £40,000 for the site), had been transferred to the Commonwealth.
In 1906 the inadequacies of the original flat roof were overcome by the installation of a new hipped roof. Rearrangement of counters and partitions in the Long Room was carried out in 1911 and again in 1919. Frequently minor repairs, cleaning and maintenance work was carried out to the interior of the building in succeeding decades. In 1947 major internal alterations were undertaken: all but two of the internal masonry walls were demolished; the timber floors were replaced by concrete slabs; the cedar staircase was removed and a new terrazzo one was installed at another location; mezzanine floors were erected in the Long Room; and the roof was replaced - without the original chimneys. In 1978 part of the exterior was cleaned, repaired and sealed and painted.
In the mid-1980s the Australian Customs Department moved out of the building to Australia House. The building remained vacant from 1988 until leased by the University of Queensland and restored as a convention centre and art gallery in the mid-1990s. At this period some of the interior masonry walls that had been removed in 1947 were replaced and the original timber stair was reconstructed. Non-significant partitions added after 1948 and parts of the 1940s fit out were removed except for some good quality intact 1940s office cabinetry which survived and part of the 1940s main stair which provided access to the basement. Two of the 1940s galleries added to the Long Room were removed and one, at the southwest end, retained and adapted. Timber window and door joinery was conserved and plaster mouldings reconstructed where they were missing.
In 2015, Customs House continues to be used by the University of Queensland as a function centre, art gallery and restaurant.
Woohoo! Well here it is, and a page longer than I was expecting! I've just spent bloody ages trying to figure out my iphone so I could post these! This article is in the 30th Jan edition of MacUser magazine. As far as I know it's UK only, but if you want a copy I'm sure you could order one online.
I'm so, so pleased with how this turned out. The magazine treated everything with lots of care and respect and I couldn't be happier.
liverpool albert docks the city that built its wealth on the slave trade Albert Dock
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Good article
This article is about the dock in Liverpool, for other uses see Albert Dock (disambiguation)
Albert Dock
Albert Dock viewed from across Canning Dock
Albert Dock is located in Liverpool
Location of Albert Dock within Liverpool
Coordinates 53°24′1.08″N 2°59′33.72″W / 53.4003°N 2.9927°W / 53.4003; -2.9927
Location Liverpool
Owner Albert Dock Company Ltd
Current tenants The Beatles Story, Merseyside Maritime Museum, Tate Liverpool
Started 1841
Completed 1846 (official opening), 1847 (structural completion)
Floor area 1.29m sq ft (warehouse space), 7.75 acres (dock basin area)
Cost £782,265
Architect Jesse Hartley, Phillip Hardwick
The Albert Dock is a complex of dock buildings and warehouses in Liverpool, England. Designed by Jesse Hartley and Philip Hardwick, it was opened in 1846, and was the first structure in Britain to be built from cast iron, brick and stone, with no structural wood. As a result, it was the first non-combustible warehouse system in the world.[1]
At the time of its construction the Albert Dock was considered a revolutionary docking system because ships were loaded and unloaded directly from/to the warehouses. Two years after it opened it was modified to feature the world's first hydraulic cranes.[2] Due to its open yet secure design, the Albert Dock became a popular store for valuable cargoes such as brandy, cotton, tea, silk, tobacco, ivory and sugar. However, despite the Albert Dock's advanced design, the rapid development of shipping technology meant that within 50 years, larger, more open docks were required, although it remained a valuable store for cargo.
During the Second World War, the Albert Dock was requisitioned by the Admiralty serving as a base for boats of the British Atlantic Fleet. The complex was damaged during air raids on Liverpool, notably during the May Blitz of 1941. In the aftermath of the war, the financial problems of the owners and the general decline of docking in the city meant that the future of the Albert Dock was uncertain. Numerous plans were developed for the re-use of the buildings but none came to fruition and in 1972 the dock was finally closed. Having lain derelict for nearly ten years, the redevelopment of the dock began in 1981, when the Merseyside Development Corporation was set up, with the Albert Dock being officially re-opened in 1988.
Today the Albert Dock is a major tourist attraction in the city and the most visited multi-use attraction in the United Kingdom, outside of London.[3] It is a vital component of Liverpool's UNESCO designated World Heritage Maritime Mercantile City and the docking complex and warehouses also comprise the largest single collection of Grade I listed buildings anywhere in the UK.[4]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 History
o 1.1 Grand beginnings and early history
o 1.2 Changing fortunes and role in World War II
o 1.3 Post War history and decline
o 1.4 The MDC and regeneration of the Albert Dock
* 2 Structural design and construction
* 3 Albert Dock today
* 4 Gallery
* 5 See also
* 6 References
o 6.1 Notes
o 6.2 Bibliography
* 7 External links
[edit] History
[edit] Grand beginnings and early history
The Albert Dock's design allowed ships to lay up and be loaded and unloaded directly from the large warehouses
The history of the Albert Dock dates back to 1837, when Jesse Hartley first began the development of plans for a combined dock and warehouse system.[1] The plans drawn up by Hartley and fellow civil engineer Philip Hardwick for the Albert Dock were at the time considered quite 'radical', as they envisioned the loading and unloading of ships directly from the warehouses.[5] However, this idea was not new, and as far back as the 1803 Warehousing Act, legislation had been passed to allow this form of development to occur, whilst the concept was first actually used in the construction of St Katharine's Dock in London, which was opened in 1828.[6] As part of the development process, Hartley was eager to test the fire resistance of any particular design by constructing an 18 ft (5.5 m) by 10 ft (3.0 m) dummy structure, filling it with timber and tar, and setting it alight. After testing several structural designs he settled on the combination of cast iron, brick, sandstone and granite.[7] The design was submitted for planning permission in 1839 although it wasn't until 1841, when the bill authorising the design of the dock was eventually passed by Parliament, that construction was allowed to begin.[8][9]
Jesse Hartley
The site chosen for the dock to be built on was an area of land boarded by Salthouse Dock to the east, the entrance channel to Canning Dock to the north and by Dukes Dock to the south. The land earmarked for the site had to be cleared, with 59 tenants being evicted and numerous premises demolished including a pub, several houses and the Dock Trustee's Dockyard.[7] Upon the clearance of this land both the Salthouse and Canning dock's were drained to allow entrance passages into the Albert Dock to be constructed, whilst hundreds of 'Navvies' were employed to dig out the dock basin and construct the new river wall. The dock basin was completed by February 1845, allowing the first ships to enter the Albert Dock, although with the warehouses still under construction this was merely to allow these boats to 'lay-up'.[10]
The dock complex was officially opened in 1846 by Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria and the man in honour of whom it was named. This event marked the first occasion in the Liverpool's history in which a member of the Royal Family had made a state visit to the city and as a result the occasion was marked with a major celebrations.[11] Many thousands of people turned out for the Royal visit with the newspaper The Pictorial Times noting the reception Prince Albert received:
"His reception was most enthusiastic; balconies were erected along the line of procession, and these and the windows of houses were filled with gay and animated parties. There was a most brilliant display of flags, banners & c. [sic]. All business is suspended. There are 200,000 strangers in town, and all the inhabitants are in the streets. All is gaiety and splendour." (The Pictorial Times, 1846).[12]
The Prince was taken on a processional tour through the city, including a visit to the town hall where the royal address was made, before departing aboard the fairy across to the Cheshire side of the Mersey and then northwards towards the Albert Dock.[12][13] Again this stage of the procession route was laden with onlookers with The Pictorial Times describing the Prince's entrance into the Albert Dock:
"From the Cheshire side of the river the Fairy crossed to the Liverpool side, and returned along the line of docks amidst the cheers of assembled thousands and the roar of artillery. The sight was really magnificent, all the ships in the docks were decked out in gayest colours and the river was crowded with boats filled with people. At half-past two the fairy entered the dock, where were assembled two thousand ladies and gentlemen, the elite of the town; they cheered enthusiastically, which his Royal Highness returned, and in order to gratify the crowd sailed round the dock." (The Pictorial Times, 1846).[13]
Despite the official opening occurring in 1846, the construction of the Albert Dock was not fully completed until 1847. In 1848, a new dock office was built and the dock itself was upgraded to feature a hydraulic cargo handling hoist system, the first of its kind in the world.[2] Over the next decade several more buildings where added including houses for the piermaster, his assistant & the warehouse superintendent; and a cooperage. Warehousing in the dock was also expanded to meet the increasing demand by joining together the eastern and western ends of the Southern Stack.[14]
[edit] Changing fortunes and role in World War II
British Empire Dockyards and Ports, 1909
The enclosed design of the Albert Dock and the direct loading and unloading of goods from warehouses meant that the complex was more secure than other docks within Liverpool. As a result it became a popular store for valuable cargoes including brandy, cotton, tea, silk, tobacco, ivory and sugar. At the same time their openness to natural light and well ventilated stores meant natural goods such as hemp or sugar could be kept fresher, for longer.[5] The dock came to dominate Liverpool's far eastern trade, with over 90% of the city's silk imports from China coming through it and more generally half of all the far eastern trade income.[15]
Despite the great prosperity the dock afforded the city, within 20 years of its construction the Albert Dock was beginning to struggle. Designed and constructed to handle sailing ships of up to 1000 tonnes, by the turn of the century only 7% of ships into the Port of Liverpool were sailing vessels.[9] The development of steam ships in the later 19th century meant that soon the dock simply wasn't large enough, as its narrow entrances prevented larger vessels from entering it.[15] Its lack of quayside was also becoming an issue. Generally steamships could be loaded and unloaded far quicker than sailing ships, and in a cruel twist of irony, the dockside warehouses that had once made the Albert Dock so attractive, were now hindering its future development.[5] None the less the Albert Dock remained an integral part of the dock system in Liverpool and in 1878 the pump house was built as part of redevelopment that saw the majority of the cranes converted to hydraulic use, whilst in 1899, part of the north stack was converted to allow for ice production and cold storage.[16]
By the 1920s virtually all commercial shipping activity had ceased at the dock, although its warehouses did remain in use for the storage of goods transported by barge, road or rail.[16][17] The onset of World War II in 1939 saw the Albert Dock being 'requisitioned' by the Admiralty and used as base for the British Atlantic fleet including submarines, small warships and landing craft. During the war the dock was struck on several occasions including a bombing raid in 1940 that damaged ships within it, and more destructively during the May Blitz of 1941 when German bombing caused extensive damage to the south west stack.[17] By the end of the war almost 15% of the Albert Dock's floor space was out of use because of bomb damage.[18]
[edit] Post War history and decline
By the time World War II had finished the Albert Dock's future looked bleak. The owners of the dock, the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board (MDHB) were in financial crisis and chose not to repair any of the wartime bomb damage, adopting an attitude of 'if its not broke don't fix it and if it is broke we still won't fix it'.[19] At the same time a change in geo-political orientation towards Europe, coupled with the advent of containerisation meant the whole docking system in the city of Liverpool suffered as newer, stronger ports emerged elsewhere in the UK.[20] None the less the architectural and technological value of the docks was recognised in 1952 when the Albert Dock was granted Grade I listed building status.[16]
Despite this recognition, the increasing debts of the MDHB meant that by the 1960s the company was eager to get rid of the Albert Dock. Having considered demolishing the buildings and redeveloping the land,[17] the MDHB soon entered negotiations to sell the land to Oldham Estates, a property developer owned by Harry Hyams.[19] Many plans for the site were developed including one that envisioned the development of a mini city that would provide 10m sq feet of letting space, hotels, restaurants, bars and underground parking in the drained dock basin.[21] With the council reluctant to allow such a grandiose development to occur and with the huge public opposition to it (inspired at least in part by the work of Quentin Hughes), Oldham Estates were forced into scaling-down the plan and so in 1970 returned with a new vision known as 'Aquarius City', which had as its centrepiece a 44-storey skyscraper. Once again the plan failed to develop and no sooner had it been announced, than the MDHB's financial problems reached crisis point, Oldham Estates withdrew their deposit and the whole scheme fell through.[19]
The Albert Dock viewed from the River Mersey in 1979
With the MDHB on the verge of bankruptcy a decision was taken to shut down and sell off the whole of the south docks system. The warehouses were emptied and in 1972 the Albert Dock finally closed down. The Brunswick Dock gates, which separated the South Docks system from the River Mersey, were opened allowing tidal movements in and the process of the clogging up the docks with sewage polluted silt began.[22][23] In many senses just as the Albert Dock's development had symbolised the prosperity in the Liverpool at the time of its construction, its subsequent decline after World War II symbolised the collapse of the local economy as a whole.[24]
Throughout the early 1970s plans continued to emerge for the redevelopment of the Albert Dock site and the whole of the south docks system in general. Many of these plans were quite extreme including Liverpool City Council's suggestion to use the dock basin as a landfill site. The Mersey Docks and Harbour Company (MDHC), the reincarnation of the now defunct Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, however felt it could get more money by filling in the dock basin with sand and selling it as developable land and not derelict land. One plan for the Albert Dock that was taken more seriously was the idea that it become the new home of Liverpool Polytechnic (now John Moores University). The government was even willing to provide £3m in funding but like so many other plans this too fell by the wayside.[25]
The creation of Merseyside County Council (MCC) in 1974 brought new hope that the Albert Dock could be redeveloped, with the MCC placing a high priority on its development. They soon entered negotiations with the MDHC and in 1979 eventually negotiated a deal to take over the running of the south docks.[26] Despite this seeming step forward political wrangling between the MDHC (the dock owners), Liverpool City Council (the local planning authority) and Merseyside County Council (the group now responsible for redeveloping the docks) continued to hinder any development plans.[25] Fed up with the in fighting the newly elected Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher decided that the city was incapable of handling regeneration initiatives itself and under the guidance of the 'Minister for Merseyside' Michael Heseltine, set up the Merseyside Development Corporation in 1981 to take over the responsibility of regenerating and redeveloping Liverpool's south docks.[
Summer holiday 2014
In and around Berlin Germany
Berlin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the capital of Germany. For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation).
Berlin
State of Germany
Clockwise: Charlottenburg Palace, Fernsehturm Berlin, Reichstag building, Berlin Cathedral, Alte Nationalgalerie, Potsdamer Platz and Brandenburg Gate.
Clockwise: Charlottenburg Palace, Fernsehturm Berlin, Reichstag building, Berlin Cathedral, Alte Nationalgalerie, Potsdamer Platz and Brandenburg Gate.
Flag of Berlin
Flag Coat of arms of Berlin
Coat of arms
Location within European Union and Germany
Location within European Union and Germany
Coordinates: 52°31′N 13°23′ECoordinates: 52°31′N 13°23′E
Country
Germany
Government
• Governing Mayor
Michael Müller (SPD)
• Governing parties
SPD / CDU
• Votes in Bundesrat
4 (of 69)
Area
• City
891.85 km2 (344.35 sq mi)
Elevation
34 m (112 ft)
Population (December 2013)[1]
• City
3,517,424
• Density
3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi)
Demonym
Berliner
Time zone
CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)
CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code(s)
10115–14199
Area code(s)
030
ISO 3166 code
DE-BE
Vehicle registration
B[2]
GDP/ Nominal
€109.2 billion (2013) [3]
NUTS Region
DE3
Website
berlin.de
Berlin (/bərˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] ( listen)) is the capital of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people,[4] Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union.[5] Located in northeastern Germany on the River Spree, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 4.5 million residents from over 180 nations.[6][7][8][9] Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.[10]
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).[11] Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world.[12] After World War II, the city was divided; East Berlin became the capital of East Germany while West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989).[13] Following German reunification in 1990, the city was once more designated as the capital of all Germany, hosting 158 foreign embassies.[14]
Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science.[15][16][17][18] Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations, and convention venues.[19][20] Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination.[21] Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction, and electronics.
Modern Berlin is home to renowned universities, orchestras, museums, entertainment venues, and is host to many sporting events.[22] Its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions.[23] The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts, and a high quality of living.[24] Over the last decade Berlin has seen the upcoming of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene.[25]
20th to 21st centuries[edit]
Street, Berlin (1913) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
After 1910 Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement. In fields such as architecture, painting and cinema new forms of artistic styles were invented. At the end of World War I in 1918, a republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. The act increased the area of Berlin from 66 to 883 km2 (25 to 341 sq mi). The population almost doubled and Berlin had a population of around four million. During the Weimar era, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties, but also became a renowned center of the Roaring Twenties. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major world capital and was known for its leadership roles in science, the humanities, city planning, film, higher education, government, and industries. Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
Berlin in ruins after World War II (Potsdamer Platz, 1945).
In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. NSDAP rule effectively destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which had numbered 160,000, representing one-third of all Jews in the country. Berlin's Jewish population fell to about 80,000 as a result of emigration between 1933 and 1939. After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's persecuted groups were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp or, starting in early 1943, were shipped to death camps, such as Auschwitz.[39] During World War II, large parts of Berlin were destroyed in the 1943–45 air raids and during the Battle of Berlin. Around 125,000 civilians were killed.[40] After the end of the war in Europe in 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into which Germany was divided. The sectors of the Western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin.[41]
The Berlin Wall in 1986, painted on the western side. People crossing the so-called "death strip" on the eastern side were at risk of being shot.
All four Allies shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949.[42] In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany. West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but it politically was aligned with the Federal Republic of Germany despite West Berlin's geographic isolation. Airline service to West Berlin was granted only to American, British, and French airlines.
The fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989. On 3 October 1990, the German reunification process was formally finished.
The founding of the two German states increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the Eastern part as its capital, a move that was not recognized by the western powers. East Berlin included most of the historic center of the city. The West German government established itself in Bonn.[43] In 1961, East Germany began the building of the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. John F. Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" – speech in 1963 underlining the US support for the Western part of the city. Berlin was completely divided. Although it was possible for Westerners to pass from one to the other side through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners travel to West Berlin or West Germany prohibited. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany.[44]
In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished. Today, the East Side Gallery preserves a large portion of the Wall. On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became the official German capital. In 1991, the German Parliament, the Bundestag, voted to move the seat of the (West) German capital from Bonn to Berlin, which was completed in 1999. Berlin's 2001 administrative reform merged several districts. The number of boroughs was reduced from 23 to twelve. In 2006 the FIFA World Cup Final was held in Berlin.
"Neues Palais" Potsdam
The New Palace (German: Neues Palais) is a palace situated on the western side of the Sanssouci royal park in Potsdam, Germany. The building was begun in 1763, after the end of the Seven Years' War, under Frederick the Great and was completed in 1769. It is considered to be the last great Prussian baroque palace.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Palace_(Potsdam)
I have a new article out in AEON magazine, about the evolution of large and small animals, especially fishes. The article also features my underwater photographs (though not teh cover photo, which is by Koichi Shibukawa).
aeon.co/ideas/is-bigger-always-better-or-will-the-tiny-in...
diningwithdana: Black Royalty in the Now Next Wednesday Dining with Dana will be covering “Rococoa”, discussing black royalty in the niche subculture and the importance it holds today. Join in on Wednesday 14th in The Scene! First picture by Fabiola Jean-Louis, Rewriting History Rococoa and the Frivolous Fro (article) 2nd photo is fashion photography afaik, ‘Black and White’ by Robert Flammier (German, I believe, so perhaps I’m limited by language on this one) The 3rd photo is also one of Fabiola Jean-Louis’s paper dresses, although I don’t recognize the specific photograph. Fourth photo is hard to find source for because I think it’s possibly been cropped at some point, but ended up in some odd places Fifth Photo is from Kehinde Wiley’s Economy of Grace: www.thecut.com/2015/02/kehinde-wiley-spring-portfolio.html 6th photo I believe may have been someone’s personal Halloween or reenactment costume based of of the character Calypso from Pirates of the Caribbean (and ended up posted on Pinterest at some point) 7th photo is Jimmy Jean-Louis & Aïssa Maïga in ‘Toussaint Louverture’ (2012) The last photo is “Elegance” by PorcelainPoet on DeviantArt if anyone knows more accurate sources for #2, #4, and #6, feel free to add them!
I'm a little late with this one, but I thought to add this to my photostream too. Me and Jannepaint got an article of light painting published Finland's biggest camera magazine called 'Kamera-lehti'. Three pages with pictures, not bad at all :)
LINK to another version of this photo used in a Vancouver newspaper - 28 July 1908 - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-westminster-l...
LINK to another version of this photo with all players identified - (Vancouver Province newspaper - 22 July 1908) - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-the-minto-cup-cha...
LINK to another version of this photo (11 July 1908) - New Westminster Lacrosse Champions Leave for the Trip East - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-westminster-l...
LINK to - Record of Players of the New Westminster Lacrosse Team - www.newspapers.com/article/the-victoria-daily-times-recor...
Postcard photograph of the 1908 Minto Cup champions, the New Westminster Salmonbellies Lacrosse Club. C. Spring, C. Galbraith, W. Turnbull, J. Bryson, T. Gifford (Captain), A Turnbull, L. Turnbull, J. Gifford, C.A. Welsh (Business manager), C.D. Peele (team manager), A.B. Gray, T. Rennie, C.P. Latham, J. Feeney, I Wintemute, G. Rennie.
Alexander / Alex Baird "Sandy" Gray, goal-keeper, 23 years, 148 pounds; born in New Westminster and commenced playing senior lacrosse in 1901. A stalwart wall in goal for the New Westminster Salmonbellies at the start of their Minto Cup championship run, Alex ‘Sandy’ Gray was the best goalie on the Coast during the four seasons (1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911) in which he played professional lacrosse for the Salmonbellies. LINK - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2014/01/25/alex-sandy-gray/
(b. 24 June 1884 in Wellington, Nanaimo Regional District, British Columbia or New Westminster, B.C. - d. 28 June 1966 at age 82 in New Westminster, B.C.) - Outside of lacrosse, ‘Sandy’ Gray worked for 34 years as the provincial government agent at the New Westminster courthouse until his retirement in 1949. LINK to his death certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/e3... - LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/97005883/alexander-baird-gray LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/nanaimo-daily-news-obituary-fo...
Charley Galbraith, point, 26 years, 170 pounds; came to New Westminster in youth and has been in senior company since 1905.
Charles "Charlie / Charley" Galbraith
(b. August 28, 1881 in Belledune, Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada – d. November 10, 1924 at age 43 in Langley, Greater Vancouver Regional District, British Columbia, Canada) - he played for the New Westminster Salmonbellies Lacrosse team (1905-1911). LINK to his life story - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2016/04/03/charlie-galbra... LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/143533925/charles-galbraith
LINK to his newspaper obituary - Charles "Charlie" Galbraith Obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-charles-char...
Thomas "Tommy" Gifford, cover point (captain), 28 years, 188 pounds; has been playing senior since 1898; went east on both former trips made by team in 1900 and 1902. LINK to his life story - www.clhof.org/index.php/en/about/in-the-news/news/28-old-...
Thomas Stoddart Gifford
(b. 5 June 1880 in Lockerbie, Scotland - d. 4 May 1966 at age 85 in Seattle, Washington) - HOF lacrosse player - he played for the New Westminster Salmonbellies Lacrosse team (1898-1912). LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-thom...
James "Jimmy" Stoddart Gifford, first defence, 21 years, 150 pounds; playing senior since 1905. By the time the professional game came along in 1909, Gifford had already earnt the reputation for being one of the hardest and toughest players to take to the field. During the professional era his heated rivalry with ‘Newsy’ Lalonde of the Vancouver Lacrosse Club was legendary, nasty, and relentless. Even in old age Gifford continued to hold a grudge and could not bear being in the presence of Lalonde – even refusing to attend his hall-of-fame induction because Lalonde would also be there receiving the same honour, over 50 years passing since their last bloody battles had been fought. LINK - laxhall.com/2023/09/jimmy-gifford/
James "Jimmy" Stoddart Gifford
(b. 26 September 1886 in Scotland or St. Paul, Minnesota - d. 9 November 1976 at age 90 in New Westminster, B.C.) - he played with the New Westminster Salmonbellies Lacrosse Club from 1905 to 1912. LINK to his life story - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2015/09/20/jimmy-gifford/ LINK to his death certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/b5...
LINK to - James "Jimmy" Stoddart Gifford - Field Lacrosse Great Dies in Royal City - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-james-jimmy-... - and LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-jame...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Rennie, second defence, 26 years, 160 pounds; playing senior since 1901; went east on one former trip made by team.
Biography - In 26 years as a lacrosse player with the New Westminster Salmonbellies, New Brunswick - born George Rennie won five national championships and was selected to help represent Canada at the 1908 Summer Olympics. There he earned a gold medal with his team after it won its only match against Great Britain 14-10. He served in World War I, which interrupted his tenure with the Salmonbellies that had begun in 1901, but returned to the club after the conflict. He later served as an officer with the Royal City Adanacs lacrosse club and was inducted into the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame as a charter member in 1966. LINK - www.olympedia.org/athletes/17802
George Haddow Rennie
(b. 10 March 1882 in Newcastle, New Brunswick, Canada - d. 13 December 1966 at age 84 in New Westminster, British Columbia) LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for... - LINK to his death certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/6b...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tom Rennie, third defence, 24 years, 160 pounds; commenced playing senior in 1902; went east with old lacrosse team as reserve man In 1902.
James (Pat) Feeney, centre, 22 years, 145 pounds; born in New Westminster and commenced playing senior in 1904.
W. Turnbull, third home, 22 years, 165 pounds; born in New Westminster and commenced playing senior in 1906.
Irving "Punk" Wintemute, second home, 22 years. 150 pounds; born in New Westminster and commenced playing senior in 1905.
(b. February 24, 1886 – d. March 28, 1937)
New Westminster Salmonbellies (1905-1915; 1919)
‘Punk’ Wintemute was a member of the 1908 Minto Cup team that went East to pry the silver mug from the Montréal Shamrocks. He would then go on to play eight seasons at the professional level for the New Westminster Salmonbellies. LINK to his complete life story - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2015/09/07/irving-punk-wi...
Alexander Turnbull, first home, age unknown, 160 pounds; got into the game about 44 (estimated) years ago; has been with New Westminster team since 1897.
Len Turnbull, outside home, 148 pounds, 19 years; born in New Westminster, and commenced playing senior in 1906.
Jack Bryson, inside home, 160 pounds, 21 years; born in New Westminster, and commenced playing senior in 1903.
C. P. Latham, spare man, 160 pounds, 24 years of age; commenced playing senior in 1902.
C. Spring, spare man, 166 pounds, 19 years; first played senior last year.
With the exception of Alex. Turnbull every man on the team learned the game in New Westminster.
John "Jack" Gifford - Team mascot - Jack Gifford, of Famous Lacrosse Family - Jack, who Is the youngest of the famous Gifford family of lacrosse players, has never taken the interest in the game that his elder brothers did in years past. He has played indifferently and the opportunity to get away from the moll and turmoil of coast lacrosse proved too much for him and he seized with avidity the opening offered.
John Jardine Gifford
(b. 25 November 1895 in New Westminster, B.C. – d. 5 August 1974 at age 80 in New Westminster, B.C.) LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/159549161/john-jardine-gifford LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for...
LINK to his life story - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2024/02/27/jack-gifford/
LINK to - Jack Gifford in Munition Corps - www.newspapers.com/article/vancouver-daily-world-jack-gif... LINK to his WWI records - recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/Home/Record...
C. D. "Biscuits" Peele, the team manager, who will have charge of the aggregation on the eastern tour, commenced in senior ranks and was one of the team which made the eastern tour In 1895. He also played with the 1900 and 1902 teams In the east. He was born here 34 years ago, and has been identified with the game since he was big enough to play. In fact, the Peele family were once known as "the lacrosse family," there being four Peele boys in lacrosse ranks at one time. C. D. Peele left the team in 1905.
Clarence Dale Peele
(b. 28 June 1874 in New Westminster, B.C. - d. 31 October 1933 at age 59 In New Westminster, British Columbia) - LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for...
Charles Almeron Welsh, the business manager who will 'accompany the team,' has never played lacrosse, but, during his residence in this city, has always followed and been closely associated with the sport. He was president of the club for two years.
Charles was a member of the Harbour Board, and the Royal Agricultural and Industrial Society, the Board of Trade, the City Council and the Police Commission. He was a staunch conservative who ran unsuccessfully against A. Wells Gray in 1927. Fraternally, he was a Mason, a member of King Solomon Lodge, and was a past potentate and honourary life delegate of the Shrine, Gizeh Temple. He was also a member of the local Kiwanis Club. Charles Welsh was a sportsman with membership in the Vancouver Golf and country Club. His main sporting interest was however in lacrosse, where he was on the Board of B.C. Lacrosse Association, was a trustee of the Minto Cup, and was involved with the New Westminster Salmonbellies for many years, with his highlight coming as manager in 1908 when his team won the Minto Cup.
The first Postmaster at New Westminster Sub Office No. 2 was Charles Almeron Welsh from the opening - 1 September 1912 to 9 April 1935. This Sub Office was located in his Grocery Store on 1117 Sixth Ave in New Westminster, B.C.
Charles Almeron Welsh
(b. 17 February 1866 in Midland City, Michigan, USA - d. 25 February 1938 at age 72 in New Westminster, B.C.) - LINK to his newspaper obituary - spokesman.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun/106049... LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/77856566/charles-almeron-welsh
Rev. Dr. James Sutherland Henderson - President of the New Westminster Lacrosse team.
(b. 11 June 1858 in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada - d. 18 March 1940 at age 81 in Vancouver, British Columbia) - LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-rev-...
In 1903, Rev. J.S. Henderson became minister of St. Andrew’s Church, in New Westminster, B.C. Ten years, rich in service rendered and full of abundant activities, were passed in the Royal City. In his youth, for two years he had been a member of the champion football team of Ontario. Now lacrosse stirred his blood. For several years he was a member of the executive of the New Westminster Lacrosse Club - familiarly known as “The Salmonbellies,” and in 1908 when this team won the World Championship he was its honored president. LINK to his complete life biography - freemasonry.bcy.ca/grand_masters/henderson_j/henderson_j....
Daniel Trowling McElroy - New Westminster Lacrosse Team Trainer
(b. 5 April 1871 in Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland - d. 2 October 1941 (aged 70) in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada) - LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/143397451/daniel-trowling-mce... - LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-dani...
LINK to a newspaper article - Pte. D.T. McElroy injury in France during WWI - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-pte-dt-mcelroy-in...
Son of Daniel McElroy and Jane Geddes
Husband of Mary Ellen Nicholson - married in 1898 - LINK to their marriage certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/bb...
WW1 veteran, Private Daniel Trowling McElroy, Reg No. 790647. Enlisted with the 131st Overseas Battalion CEF in New Westminster, BC on 18 Feb 1916. Served in France with the Canadian Forestry Corps. Was discharged 8 Oct 1918 for being medically unfit for further service. LINK to his WWI records - recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/Home/Record...
The team's average weight per man is 158 2/3 pounds.
New Westminster Salmonbellies travelled to Montreal for a challenge match. They beat the Montreal Shamrocks for its first Minto Cup (then given to the top senior team in Canada).
1908 was a pivotal year in the history of the Minto Cup when the New Westminster Salmonbellies defeated the Montréal Shamrocks 12 to 7 in their two-game, total-goals series. The first game of the series was a close 6-5 result before the Salmonbellies responded with a commanding 6-2 win in the rematch to clinch the silverware.
LINK to newspaper report - New Westminster Wins First Game of the Minto Cup Match - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-westminster-w...
LINK to - New Westminster Wins Minto Cup - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-westminster-w...
With the benefit of hindsight, the 1908 New Westminster-Montréal series signaled a changing of the guard and is probably the most historically significant event in the cup’s history until the juniors took over control of the mug. It saw the game’s first dynasty coming to an end with a brand-new one at the opposite end of the country ready to take its place. The victory for the Royal City was notable for two other important reasons: the New Westminster Salmonbellies were the last bonafide amateur team to challenge and win the professional trophy as well as the first club from the Pacific Coast to pry the silver mug from the hands of the Easterners. LINK to the complete article - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/
- the photographer - Frederick Louis Hacking
(b. 2 July 1880 in Ontario, Canada - d. 20 February 1969 at age 88 in Monterey, California, USA)
He started as a photo printer with the Wadds Brothers, then purchased S.J. Thompson's former New Westminster studio and by 1908 was running his own Vancouver studio at 445 Granville St. in the Fairfield Block. His landscape photographs attacted notice at the 1899 New Westminster exhibition.
The Daily News-Advertiser described his Vancouver studio when it opened in the Fairfield Block (Building) in 1908. Hacking, who was the official representative from BC at the Photographers' Association of the Pacific Northwest 1910 conference in Vancouver, was also elected vice-president for BC that year.
He later immigrated to California and registered for the US World War Two draft in 1942.
VANCOUVER STUDIO (FAIRFIELD BUILDING) DESCRIPTION:
This description of F.L. Hacking's new photo studio was published by the (Vancouver) Daily News-Advertiser on 14 Aug 1908, p. 15. The article was illustrated with three photographs depicting the "Reception Room", the "Skylight Room" and "Another View of Reception Room."
"An Artistic Studio.
A member of the "News-Advertiser" staff visited the new photographic studio of Mr. F.L. Hacking in the Fairfield Building, Granville Street, where for weeks past contractors and decorators have been transforming several suites of rooms and offices into what is now recognized as the most complete and artistic studio in the Province.
On entering the reception room, one is immediately impressed by the beautiful and quaint appearance of the apartment, which is furnished in the early English style. Amongst the many special features one's attention is drawn to the beautiful panelled walls, enriched with copper nailing, the unique fire grate and the casement windows and doors, whilst four heavy clusters of drop lights, suspended from the beamed ceilings--all designed and made especially for this studio--give the room a pleasing and uncommon appearance.
The delightful color scheme, from the rich rug on the floor to the delicate harmony of walls and ceilings, tends to show to advantage the specimens of artistic portraiture displayed, and gives visitors that feeling of repose and satisfaction that assures them that their own work could not be entrusted to better hands.
Leading from the reception room through a massive archway are the dressing rooms, each fitted with long pier mirrors and furnished in the same good taste.
The skylight room, one of the most important features of Mr. Hacking's business, has been constructed to give lighting facilities which will enable photographs to be taken at all reasonable times and under all conditions. The room is large and not encumbered with a hetreogeneous [sic] mass of painfully artificial scenery and paraphernalia; instead you see instruments and accessories of the best lenses by Dallmeyer, of London, England, and Goerz, of Berlin; camera by Anthony, of New York, and the necessary backgrounds are a revelation of simplicity and rich value, all painted especially by Packard, of Boston.
Nearly every modern equipment known to photography may be found in this up-to-date studio. The developing and finishing rooms are complete in every detail, giving this studio advantages for promptly executing work, a desideratum of no small importance, and one that will be immediately appreciated.
As a capable photographer, Mr. Hacking needs but little introduction in Vancouver. He was apprenticed when a young man in a leading Eastern studio, where high ideals and careful workmanship were early acquired. Eleven years ago he came to Vancouver and after eight years connected with Wadds Brothers' studio purchased the studio in New Westminster formerly conducted by Mr. S.J. Thompson. His artistic work brought immediate success that has necessitated branching out into the broader fields of opportunity offered in Vancouver.
Not being satisfied with anything but the best location and equipment, he finally secured the present quarters in the Fairfield building, the heart of the best district, which our readers are heartily commended to visit and inspect.
Mr. Hacking aptly says that "the aim and purpose of this studio is to turn out only high grade photographs, and the best that experience, artistic training, perfect equipment and skilled workmanship can produce is offered to its patrons." LINK to the complete article - cameraworkers.davidmattison.com/getperson.php?personID=I1...
Exposition du 1er au 15 Juin 2012 à Chaouen - Kasbah place Uttah El Hammam
Exhibition from 1st to 15 of June 2012 in Chaouen - At the Kasbah, Place Uttah El Hammam
You are all Welcome ,o)
This is an old pic of mine, but I recently found that they had used it for an article back in January.
While they did not contact me and ask if they could use it directly-the main thing is they still cited my page for photo credit.
www.wbez.org/story/latin-kings-gang-leader-sentenced-60-y...
International Monetary Fund Managing Director Christine Lagarde (C), Mission Chief Nigel Chalk (2nd R), Division Chief Stephan Danniger (L), Director Alejandro Werner (2nd L) and Communications Director Gerry Rice (R) hold a joint press conference on the conclusion of the 2016 US Article IV consultation June 22, 2016 at the IMF Headquarters In Washington, DC. IMF Staff Photo/Stephen Jaffe
An article featuring my work from here on flickr in a special publication from Romantic Homes Magazine....
Stilettos are nice, but there is more to life than a stiletto heel. Fashion boots often have a different style of heel, which I like. I suspect I have used the Liquorice Allsorts analogy before. I really like the pink bobbly Liquorice Allsorts, but a diet of nothing but pink bobbly Liquorice Allsorts would get boring very quickly. Variety is the spice of life, and like Liquorice Allsorts, different styles of heel are very lovely. Sticking with the Liquorice Allsorts analogy, I think Crocs and Uggs are the footwear version of those little twists of hard liquorice, which only exist to make the rest of the box of Liquorice Allsorts more of a pleasure to eat.
Enough of the sweets. I do like the variety in this collection of images of girls in some really rather lovely boots. Cool. :)
See the article at www.eriegaynews.com/news/article.php?recordid=201110pride...
Erie Pride Parade & Rally a Great Time!
by Michael Mahler
On Saturday, August 27, about 230 people participated in the Erie Pride Parade & Rally. This year’s Pride events were organized by the Pride Planning committee, which is an informal coalition of groups and individuals.
Parade
About 100 people marched in the parade from the Zone Dance Club to Perry Square. John Daly King was the Grand Marshal for the parade, in a convertible driven by Caitlyn. Also in the parade were beloved local gay icons Jesse and Ricardo, who rode their tandem bike.
Parade units included
Lake Erie Belly Dance
Doctor Who contingent
PFLAG Erie/Crawford County
Erie Gay News
Lake Erie Derby Dames
LBT Women
Latonia Theatre
PFLAG Butler
Erie Sisters
Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Erie
Community United Church
OUT (Pittsburgh newspaper)
There were also many people marching as individuals, as well as a float carrying current and former Miss Eries.
Rally
The rally in Perry Square begins at 2 PM and will include speakers and performers. Please check in at the registration table when you arrive in Perry Square. The rally will include a variety of vendors and information booths.
Speakers and performers included:
Greg Rabb, Openly gay Jamestown City Council President and Councilman at Large
Misty Kall, Miss Erie 2011
Rich McCarty of Equality PA, Greater Erie Alliance for Equality and Community United Church
Chris Wolfe, Erie Idol finalist 2011
Tammie Johnson, 2 term President of ACLU-NWPA
Brian T, singer, also with Pittsburgh Out TV
Jason Landau Goodman, founding Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Student Equality Coalition. The first and only youth-led statewide LGBTQ organization in the nation
Michelle Michaels, Former Miss Erie and Coordinator for FACE Show at Zone
Fiona Hensley, Chair of the Student Network Across Pennsylvania, SNAP, Regional Chair of the Erie-West region for SNAP and President of Queers and Allies at Allegheny College in Meadville, PA.
Diva D’Vyne
Games
The Dunk a Drag Queen game was very popular! We look forward to making this an annual tradition
Donors
Many businesses and organizations gave generously to help support Pride this year. These included
AdultMart
Allegheny College Bookstore
BeautiControl
Blue Heron Inn
Body Language
Chicory Hill Herbs
Coca-Cola/Erie
Country Fair
Craze Night Club
Crime Victim Center of Erie County
Douglas Kolcun
Drenched Fur
Earthshine Company
Eerie Horror Film Festival
emma's revolution
Erie Book Store
Erie County Democratic Party
Erie County Department of Health
Erie Playhouse
Erie Seawolves
Erie Sisters
Erie Spine and Wellness
Family United Counseling
Gaudenzia / SHOUT Outreach
Giant Eagle - Buffalo Road
Glass Growers
Good Health Rejuvenation
Greater Erie Alliance for Equality, Inc.
Hal Leonard Performing Arts Publishing Group
Hollywood Stories
Horomanski's DJ'ing Services
JR's Last Laugh
Kensington Books
La bella
Larese Floral Design
LBT Women
Lion's Den Adult Super Store
MLR Books
Pennsylvania Coaltion to End Homelessness
Pie in the Sky Cafe
Presque Isle Gallery Coffeehouse
Sam's Club
Shakira Nakelle's Mementos, Gifts & More
Silk Screen Unlimited
Smith's Hot Dogs
State Farm Insurance Agent Natalie Braddock
Tanglez Hair and Nail Studio
The Ringbearer
Tops Friendly Markets - W 38th St
Wegman's- Peach St
Wendy's of Erie
Zone Dance Club
Committee Members & Volunteers
Many people from the committee worked hard to make the day enjoyable for everyone! Committee members included
Season
Chris
Preston
Mark H
Erin Moll
Amy
Sue McCabe
Alex
Jeff H
John Daly King
Kerry
In addition to the committee members, volunteers included:
Kevin Schultz
Dok
Johauna
Wanda
Bob H
Eric Rogers
Maria S.
Deb Spilko
Brian
Info Tables & Vendors
Info tables included:
Adagio Health
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), NWPA Chapter
Community United Church
Crime Victim Center of Erie County
Equality Pennsylvania
Erie County Democratic Party
Erie County Human Relations Commission
Erie Gay News
Erie Sisters
Lake Erie Derby Dames
LBT Women
Pennsylvania Student Equality Coalition
PFLAG Erie/Crawford County
SafeNet Center
United Way of Erie County
Voices for Independence
Vendors included
BeautiControl
Book Merchant
Christopher's Novelty Gifts
Shakira Nakelle's Mementos, Gifts & More
Collecting Food
We collected 23 pounds of food for the Second Harvest Food Bank of NW PA.
티아라 지연이 28일 오후 경상북도 경주 시민운동장에서 열린 ‘2014 한류 드림 페스티벌’에서 화려한 공연을 펼치고 있다.이날 콘서트에는 엑소-케이(EXO-K)를 비롯해 카라, 씨스타, 포미닛, 빅스, 비투비, 블락비, 에일리, 시크릿, 비에이피, 크레용팝, 티아라, 달샤벳, 탑독, 포커즈, 갓세븐, 베스티, 딕펑스, 레드벨벳, 소년공화국, 헤일로, 루커스 등이 출연했다.
Figure 7 from PeerJ article "Malleable ribonucleoprotein machine: protein intrinsic disorder in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosome" (peerj.com/articles/2/)
Figure Title: STRING analysis of the interactomes of illustrative spliceosomal proteins. (Figure URL: dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2/fig-7)
Figure Caption: A. Cwc21; B. Ntc20; C. Isy1/Ntc30; D. Prp45; E. Snu66; F. Cwc15; G. Spp381; H. Syf2; I. Cwc26; J. Slu7; K. Yju2/Cwc16; L. Ntr2; M. Npl3; N. Spp2; O. Bud31; P. SmB; Q. Yhc1; R. Cus1; S. Lin1; T. Prp3; U. LSm4; V. Prp5; W. Cbc2; and X. Msl5. STRING database is the online database resource Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, which provides both experimental and predicted interaction information (Szklarczyk et al., 2011). For each protein, STRING produces the network of predicted associations for a particular group of proteins. The network nodes are proteins. The edges represent the predicted functional associations. An edge may be drawn with up to 7 differently colored lines – these lines represent the existence of the seven types of evidence used in predicting the associations. A red line indicates the presence of fusion evidence; a green line – neighborhood evidence; a blue line – co-occurrence evidence; a purple line – experimental evidence; a yellow line – text mining evidence; a light blue line – database evidence; a black line – co-expression evidence (Szklarczyk et al., 2011).
Authors: Maria de Lourdes Coelho Ribeiro, Julio Espinosa, Sameen Islam, Osvaldo Martinez, Jayesh Jamnadas Thanki, Stephanie Mazariegos, Tam Nguyen, Maya Larina, Bin Xue, Vladimir N. Uversky
Demel
The title of this article is ambiguous. Other uses, see Demel (disambiguation).
K.u.K. Hofzuckerbäcker Ch Demel 's Söhne GmbH
Founded in 1786
Coffee and pastry industry
Products Coffee, tea, cakes
website www.Demel.at
Interior furnishings from Komptoir Demel in Vienna, from Portois Fix
When decorating goods Visitors may watch.
Demel is one of the most famous Viennese pastry at the carbon (cabbage) market (Kohlmarkt) 14 in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. Demel was a k.u.k. Hofzuckerbäcker and runs this item today in public.
History
1778 came the of Wurttemberg stemming confectioner Ludwig Dehne to Vienna. 1786, he founded his pastry shop at the place of St. Michael. Dehne died in 1799 of tuberculosis. His widow then married the confectioner Gottlieb Wohlfahrt. In 1813 they bought the house in St. Michael's Square 14. Despite numerous innovations such as frozen the company's finances could not be rehabilitated. After the death of Gottlieb Wohlfahrt in 1826 the widow and her son from her first marriage August Dehne succeeded but the economic boom. August Dehne managed to great wealth, he invested in land. As the son of August Dehne struck another career as a lawyer, Dehne sold the confectionery in 1857 to his first mate Christoph Demel.
Demel also had success in the continuation of the company and established it to a Viennese institution. After the death of Christoph Demel in 1867 his sons Joseph and Charles took over the business, which is why it since "Christoph Demel 's Söhne" means. On request Demel received 1874 the Hoflieferantentitel (the titel as purveyor to the court). The proximity to the Imperial Palace directly opposite made business more profitable. The Hofburg borrowed from Demel occasionally staff and tableware for special occasions such as proms and parties. Recent developments in the art of confectionery were brought from Paris. Trained at Demel, professionals quickly found employment.
1888 Old Burgtheater was demolished at Michael's place and transformed the place. Demel had to move out of the house and he moved to the Kohlmarkt 14. The new store inside was equipped inside with high costs by purveyor to the court Portois & Fix. The interior is decorated in the style of Neo-Rococo with mahogany wood and mirrors. Regulars were members of the Viennese court as Empress Elisabeth, and other prominent members of the Vienna society of the time, the actress Katharina Schratt and Princess Pauline von Metternich. A peculiarity of Demel from the time of the monarchy is that the always female attendance, which originally was recruited from monastic students, is dressed in a black costume with a white apron. They are called Demelinerinnen and address the guest traditionally in a special "Demel German", which is a polite form of the third person plural, omitting the personal salutation and with questions such as "elected Have you?" or "want to eat?" was known.
After the death of Joseph and Carl Demel took over Carl's widow Maria in 1891 the management. She also received the k.u.k. Hoflieferantentitel. From 1911 to 1917 led Carl Demel (junior) the business and then his sister Anna Demel (4 March 1872 in Vienna - November 8, 1956 ibid ; born Siding). Under her leadership, the boxes and packaging were developed by the Wiener Werkstätte. Josef Hoffmann established in 1932 because of a contract the connection of the artist Friedrich Ludwig Berzeviczy-Pallavicini to Anna Demel. The design of the shop windows at that time was an important means of expression of the shops and there were discussions to whether they should be called visual or storefront (Seh- or Schaufenster - display window or look window). While under the Sehfenster (shop window) an informative presentation of goods was understood, the goods should be enhanced by staging the showcase. From 1933 until his emigration in 1938 took over Berzeviczy-Pallavicini the window dressing of Demel and married in 1936 Klara Demel, the adopted niece of Anna Demel.
During the Nazi regime in Austria the confectioner Demel got privileges from the district leadership because of its reputation. Baldur von Schirach and his wife took the confectioner under their personal protection, there were special allocations of gastronomic specialties from abroad in order to continue to survive. But while the two sat in the guest room and consumed cakes, provided the Demelinerinnen in a hallway between the kitchen and toilet political persecutws, so-called U-Boats. Those here were also hearing illegal radio stations and they discussed the latest news.
1952 Anna Demel was the first woman after the war to be awarded the title Kommerzialrat. She died in 1956. Klara Demel took over the management of the bakery. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini, who lived in the United States until then returned to Vienna. After Clara's death on 19 April 1965, he carried on the pastry. During his time at Demel he established the tradition to make from showpieces of the sugar and chocolate craft extravagant neo-baroque productions. Baron Berzeviczy sold the business in 1972 for economic reasons to the concealed appearing Udo Proksch, who established in 1973 in the first floor rooms for the Club 45; also Defence Minister Karl Lütgendorf had his own salon. After Proksch was arrested in 1989 in connection with the Lucona scandal, he sold Demel to the non-industry German entrepreneur Günter Wichmann. 1993 it came to insolvency. Raiffeisen Bank Vienna as principal creditor, acquired the property in 1994 from the bankrupt company to initially continue itself the traditional Viennese company through a subsidiary. In the process of the renovation in March 1995 on the fourth floor were mura painting from the 18th century exposed and the baroque courtyard covered by a glass construction which since the re-opening on 18 April 1996 can be used as Schanigarten (pavement café) or conservatory.
In 2002 the catering company Do & Co took over the Demel. The company was awarded with the "Golden Coffee Bean " of Jacobs coffee in 1999. Demel now has additional locations in Salzburg and New York.
Products
Demel chocolate products
One of the most famous specialty of the house is " Demel's Sachertorte" . The world-famous Sachertorte was invented by Franz Sacher, but completed only in its today known form by his son Eduard Sacher while training in Demel. After a 1938 out of court enclosed process occurred after the Second World War a till 1965 during dispute between Demel and the Sacher Hotel: The hotel insisted on its naming rights, Demel, however, could pointing out already since the invention of the "Original Sacher" called pie "having used the denomination". Demel had after the death of Anna Sacher in 1930, under defined conditions, the generation and distribution rights for "Eduard-Sacher-Torte" received. The dispute was settled in favor of the Hotel Sacher and the Demelsche cake is today, "Demel 's Sachertorte" and is still made by hand. While a layer of apricot jam under the chocolate icing and another in the center of the cake can be found in the "Original Sacher-Torte", is in "Demel 's Sachertorte " the layer in the middle omitted.
Besides the Sachertorte helped another specialty the pastry to world fame: the original gingerbread figures whose modeling came from the collection of Count Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek on Castle Kreuzenstein. Then there are the Demel cake (almond-orange mass with blackcurrant jam, marzipan and chocolate coating), Anna Torte, Dobos cake, cake trays, Russian Punch Cake, Esterházy cake, apple strudel and other confectionary specialties. Popular with many tourists are the candied violets with which Demel earlier supplied the imperial court and they allegedly have been the Lieblingsnaschereien (favorite candies) of Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"). Rooms in the upper floors as the Pictures Room, Gold Room and the Silver rooms are rented for events. In addition to the pastry shop Demel operates, as it did at the time of the monarchy, a catering service, after the re-opening in 1996 as well as storage, shipping and packaging was desettled in the 22nd District of Vienna. Demel is also responsible for the catering at Niki Aviation.
Demel
The title of this article is ambiguous. Other uses, see Demel (disambiguation).
K.u.K. Hofzuckerbäcker Ch Demel 's Söhne GmbH
Founded in 1786
Coffee and pastry industry
Products Coffee, tea, cakes
website www.Demel.at
Interior furnishings from Komptoir Demel in Vienna, from Portois Fix
When decorating goods Visitors may watch.
Demel is one of the most famous Viennese pastry at the carbon (cabbage) market (Kohlmarkt) 14 in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. Demel was a k.u.k. Hofzuckerbäcker and runs this item today in public.
History
1778 came the of Wurttemberg stemming confectioner Ludwig Dehne to Vienna. 1786, he founded his pastry shop at the place of St. Michael. Dehne died in 1799 of tuberculosis. His widow then married the confectioner Gottlieb Wohlfahrt. In 1813 they bought the house in St. Michael's Square 14. Despite numerous innovations such as frozen the company's finances could not be rehabilitated. After the death of Gottlieb Wohlfahrt in 1826 the widow and her son from her first marriage August Dehne succeeded but the economic boom. August Dehne managed to great wealth, he invested in land. As the son of August Dehne struck another career as a lawyer, Dehne sold the confectionery in 1857 to his first mate Christoph Demel.
Demel also had success in the continuation of the company and established it to a Viennese institution. After the death of Christoph Demel in 1867 his sons Joseph and Charles took over the business, which is why it since "Christoph Demel 's Söhne" means. On request Demel received 1874 the Hoflieferantentitel (the titel as purveyor to the court). The proximity to the Imperial Palace directly opposite made business more profitable. The Hofburg borrowed from Demel occasionally staff and tableware for special occasions such as proms and parties. Recent developments in the art of confectionery were brought from Paris. Trained at Demel, professionals quickly found employment.
1888 Old Burgtheater was demolished at Michael's place and transformed the place. Demel had to move out of the house and he moved to the Kohlmarkt 14. The new store inside was equipped inside with high costs by purveyor to the court Portois & Fix. The interior is decorated in the style of Neo-Rococo with mahogany wood and mirrors. Regulars were members of the Viennese court as Empress Elisabeth, and other prominent members of the Vienna society of the time, the actress Katharina Schratt and Princess Pauline von Metternich. A peculiarity of Demel from the time of the monarchy is that the always female attendance, which originally was recruited from monastic students, is dressed in a black costume with a white apron. They are called Demelinerinnen and address the guest traditionally in a special "Demel German", which is a polite form of the third person plural, omitting the personal salutation and with questions such as "elected Have you?" or "want to eat?" was known.
After the death of Joseph and Carl Demel took over Carl's widow Maria in 1891 the management. She also received the k.u.k. Hoflieferantentitel. From 1911 to 1917 led Carl Demel (junior) the business and then his sister Anna Demel (4 March 1872 in Vienna - November 8, 1956 ibid ; born Siding). Under her leadership, the boxes and packaging were developed by the Wiener Werkstätte. Josef Hoffmann established in 1932 because of a contract the connection of the artist Friedrich Ludwig Berzeviczy-Pallavicini to Anna Demel. The design of the shop windows at that time was an important means of expression of the shops and there were discussions to whether they should be called visual or storefront (Seh- or Schaufenster - display window or look window). While under the Sehfenster (shop window) an informative presentation of goods was understood, the goods should be enhanced by staging the showcase. From 1933 until his emigration in 1938 took over Berzeviczy-Pallavicini the window dressing of Demel and married in 1936 Klara Demel, the adopted niece of Anna Demel.
During the Nazi regime in Austria the confectioner Demel got privileges from the district leadership because of its reputation. Baldur von Schirach and his wife took the confectioner under their personal protection, there were special allocations of gastronomic specialties from abroad in order to continue to survive. But while the two sat in the guest room and consumed cakes, provided the Demelinerinnen in a hallway between the kitchen and toilet political persecutws, so-called U-Boats. Those here were also hearing illegal radio stations and they discussed the latest news.
1952 Anna Demel was the first woman after the war to be awarded the title Kommerzialrat. She died in 1956. Klara Demel took over the management of the bakery. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini, who lived in the United States until then returned to Vienna. After Clara's death on 19 April 1965, he carried on the pastry. During his time at Demel he established the tradition to make from showpieces of the sugar and chocolate craft extravagant neo-baroque productions. Baron Berzeviczy sold the business in 1972 for economic reasons to the concealed appearing Udo Proksch, who established in 1973 in the first floor rooms for the Club 45; also Defence Minister Karl Lütgendorf had his own salon. After Proksch was arrested in 1989 in connection with the Lucona scandal, he sold Demel to the non-industry German entrepreneur Günter Wichmann. 1993 it came to insolvency. Raiffeisen Bank Vienna as principal creditor, acquired the property in 1994 from the bankrupt company to initially continue itself the traditional Viennese company through a subsidiary. In the process of the renovation in March 1995 on the fourth floor were mura painting from the 18th century exposed and the baroque courtyard covered by a glass construction which since the re-opening on 18 April 1996 can be used as Schanigarten (pavement café) or conservatory.
In 2002 the catering company Do & Co took over the Demel. The company was awarded with the "Golden Coffee Bean " of Jacobs coffee in 1999. Demel now has additional locations in Salzburg and New York.
Products
Demel chocolate products
One of the most famous specialty of the house is " Demel's Sachertorte" . The world-famous Sachertorte was invented by Franz Sacher, but completed only in its today known form by his son Eduard Sacher while training in Demel. After a 1938 out of court enclosed process occurred after the Second World War a till 1965 during dispute between Demel and the Sacher Hotel: The hotel insisted on its naming rights, Demel, however, could pointing out already since the invention of the "Original Sacher" called pie "having used the denomination". Demel had after the death of Anna Sacher in 1930, under defined conditions, the generation and distribution rights for "Eduard-Sacher-Torte" received. The dispute was settled in favor of the Hotel Sacher and the Demelsche cake is today, "Demel 's Sachertorte" and is still made by hand. While a layer of apricot jam under the chocolate icing and another in the center of the cake can be found in the "Original Sacher-Torte", is in "Demel 's Sachertorte " the layer in the middle omitted.
Besides the Sachertorte helped another specialty the pastry to world fame: the original gingerbread figures whose modeling came from the collection of Count Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek on Castle Kreuzenstein. Then there are the Demel cake (almond-orange mass with blackcurrant jam, marzipan and chocolate coating), Anna Torte, Dobos cake, cake trays, Russian Punch Cake, Esterházy cake, apple strudel and other confectionary specialties. Popular with many tourists are the candied violets with which Demel earlier supplied the imperial court and they allegedly have been the Lieblingsnaschereien (favorite candies) of Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"). Rooms in the upper floors as the Pictures Room, Gold Room and the Silver rooms are rented for events. In addition to the pastry shop Demel operates, as it did at the time of the monarchy, a catering service, after the re-opening in 1996 as well as storage, shipping and packaging was desettled in the 22nd District of Vienna. Demel is also responsible for the catering at Niki Aviation.
Article in this months American Bungalow magazine. Authentic period fashions from Syacuse University's Sue Ann Genet Costume Collection with styling by Jeffrey Mayer, curator. Mannequin makeup by Dash-N-Dazzle.
International Monetary Fund Division Chief Stephan Danninger (L), Director Alejandro Werner (2nd L), Mission Chief Nigel Chalk (2nd R) and Communications Director Gerry Rice (R) hold a joint press conference on the conclusion of the 2017 US Article IV consultation June 27, 2017 at the IMF Headquarters In Washington, DC. IMF Photo/Samantha Jaffe
Demel
The title of this article is ambiguous. Other uses, see Demel (disambiguation).
K.u.K. Hofzuckerbäcker Ch Demel 's Söhne GmbH
Founded in 1786
Coffee and pastry industry
Products Coffee, tea, cakes
website www.Demel.at
Interior furnishings from Komptoir Demel in Vienna, from Portois Fix
When decorating goods Visitors may watch.
Demel is one of the most famous Viennese pastry at the carbon (cabbage) market (Kohlmarkt) 14 in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. Demel was a k.u.k. Hofzuckerbäcker and runs this item today in public.
History
1778 came the of Wurttemberg stemming confectioner Ludwig Dehne to Vienna. 1786, he founded his pastry shot at the place of St. Michael. Dehne died in 1799 of tuberculosis. His widow then married the confectioner Gottlieb Wohlfahrt. In 1813 they bought the house in St. Michael's Square 14. Despite numerous innovations such as frozen the company's finances could not be rehabilitated. After the death of Gottlieb Wohlfahrt in 1826 the widow and her son from her first marriage August Dehne succeeded but the economic boom. August Dehne managed to great wealth, he invested in land. As the son of August Dehne struck another career as a lawyer, Dehne sold the confectionery in 1857 to his first mate Christoph Demel.
Demel also had success in the continuation of the company and established it to a Viennese institution. After the death of Christoph Demel in 1867 his sons Joseph and Charles took over the business, which is why it since "Christoph Demel 's Söhne" means. On request Demel received 1874 the Hoflieferantentitel (the titel as purveyor to the court). The proximity to the Imperial Palace directly opposite made business more profitable. The Hofburg borrowed from Demel occasionally staff and tableware for special occasions such as proms and parties. Recent developments in the art of confectionery were brought from Paris. Trained at Demel, professionals quickly found employment.
1888 Old Burgtheater was demolished at Michael's place and transformed the place. Demel had to move out of the house and he moved to the Kohlmarkt 14. The new store inside was equipped inside with high costs by purveyor to the court Portois & Fix. The interior is decorated in the style of Neo-Rococo with mahogany wood and mirrors. Regulars were members of the Viennese court as Empress Elisabeth, and other prominent members of the Vienna society of the time, the actress Katharina Schratt and Princess Pauline von Metternich. A peculiarity of Demel from the time of the monarchy is that the always female attendance, which originally was recruited from monastic students, is dressed in a black costume with a white apron. They are called Demelinerinnen and address the guest traditionally in a special "Demel German", which is a polite form of the third person plural, omitting the personal salutation and with questions such as "elected Have you?" or "want to eat?" was known.
After the death of Joseph and Carl Demel took over Carl's widow Maria in 1891 the management. She also received the k.u.k. Hoflieferantentitel. From 1911 to 1917 led Carl Demel (junior) the business and then his sister Anna Demel (4 March 1872 in Vienna - November 8, 1956 ibid ; born Siding). Under her leadership, the boxes and packaging were developed by the Wiener Werkstätte. Josef Hoffmann established in 1932 because of a contract the connection of the artist Friedrich Ludwig Berzeviczy-Pallavicini to Anna Demel. The design of the shop windows at that time was an important means of expression of the shops and there were discussions to whether they should be called visual or storefront (Seh- or Schaufenster - display window or look window). While under the Sehfenster (shop window) an informative presentation of goods was understood, the goods should be enhanced by staging the showcase. From 1933 until his emigration in 1938 took over Berzeviczy-Pallavicini the window dressing of Demel and married in 1936 Klara Demel, the adopted niece of Anna Demel.
During the Nazi regime in Austria the confectioner Demel got privileges from the district leadership because of its reputation. Baldur von Schirach and his wife took the confectioner under their personal protection, there were special allocations of gastronomic specialties from abroad in order to continue to survive. But while the two sat in the guest room and consumed cakes, provided the Demelinerinnen in a hallway between the kitchen and toilet political persecutws, so-called U-Boats. Those here were also hearing illegal radio stations and they discussed the latest news.
1952 Anna Demel was the first woman after the war to be awarded the title Kommerzialrat. She died in 1956. Klara Demel took over the management of the bakery. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini, who lived in the United States until then returned to Vienna. After Clara's death on 19 April 1965, he carried on the pastry. During his time at Demel he established the tradition to make from showpieces of the sugar and chocolate craft extravagant neo-baroque productions. Baron Berzeviczy sold the business in 1972 for economic reasons to the concealed appearing Udo Proksch, who established in 1973 in the first floor rooms for the Club 45; also Defence Minister Karl Lütgendorf had his own salon. After Proksch was arrested in 1989 in connection with the Lucona scandal, he sold Demel to the non-industry German entrepreneur Günter Wichmann. 1993 it came to insolvency. Raiffeisen Bank Vienna as principal creditor, acquired the property in 1994 from the bankrupt company to initially continue itself the traditional Viennese company through a subsidiary. In the process of the renovation in March 1995 on the fourth floor were mura painting from the 18th century exposed and the baroque courtyard covered by a glass construction which since the re-opening on 18 April 1996 can be used as Schanigarten (pavement café) or conservatory.
In 2002 the catering company Do & Co took over the Demel. The company was awarded with the "Golden Coffee Bean " of Jacobs coffee in 1999. Demel now has additional locations in Salzburg and New York.
Products
Demel chocolate products
One of the most famous specialty of the house is " Demel's Sachertorte" . The world-famous Sachertorte was invented by Franz Sacher, but completed only in its today known form by his son Eduard Sacher while training in Demel. After a 1938 out of court enclosed process occurred after the Second World War a till 1965 during dispute between Demel and the Sacher Hotel: The hotel insisted on its naming rights, Demel, however, could pointing out already since the invention of the "Original Sacher" called pie "having used the denomination". Demel had after the death of Anna Sacher in 1930, under defined conditions, the generation and distribution rights for "Eduard-Sacher-Torte" received. The dispute was settled in favor of the Hotel Sacher and the Demelsche cake is today, "Demel 's Sachertorte" and is still made by hand. While a layer of apricot jam under the chocolate icing and another in the center of the cake can be found in the "Original Sacher-Torte", is in "Demel 's Sachertorte " the layer in the middle omitted.
Besides the Sachertorte helped another specialty the pastry to world fame: the original gingerbread figures whose modeling came from the collection of Count Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek on Castle Kreuzenstein. Then there are the Demel cake (almond-orange mass with blackcurrant jam, marzipan and chocolate coating), Anna Torte, Dobos cake, cake trays, Russian Punch Cake, Esterházy cake, apple strudel and other confectionary specialties. Popular with many tourists are the candied violets with which Demel earlier supplied the imperial court and they allegedly have been the Lieblingsnaschereien (favorite candies) of Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"). Rooms in the upper floors as the Pictures Room, Gold Room and the Silver rooms are rented for events. In addition to the pastry shop Demel operates, as it did at the time of the monarchy, a catering service, after the re-opening in 1996 as well as storage, shipping and packaging was desettled in the 22nd District of Vienna. Demel is also responsible for the catering at Niki Aviation.
International Monetary Fund Division Mission Chief Nigel Chalk holds a joint press conference on the conclusion of the 2017 US Article IV consultation June 27, 2017 at the IMF Headquarters In Washington, DC. IMF Photo/Samantha Jaffe
From the Wikipedia article:
"At the south-western side of the Circus, moved from its original position in the centre, stands the Shaftesbury Monument memorial fountain, erected in 1892-1893 to commemorate the philanthropic works of Lord Shaftesbury. It is topped by Alfred Gilbert's winged nude statue, sometimes known as The Angel of Christian Charity. It is popularly known as Eros after the mythical Greek God of Love, although he is intended to be Eros' twin Anteros. The statue has become a London icon, and a graphical illustration of the statue is used as the symbol of the Evening Standard newspaper and appears on its masthead.
The use of a nude figure on a public monument was controversial at the time of its construction, but it was generally well-received by the public. The Magazine of Art described it as, "...a striking contrast to the dull ugliness of the generality of our street sculpture, ... a work which, while beautifying one of our hitherto desolate open spaces, should do much towards the elevation of public taste in the direction of decorative sculpture, and serve freedom for the metropolis from any further additions of the old order of monumental monstrosities."'
Technologically ground-breaking at the time, this statue was the first in the world to be cast in aluminium. The statue originally pointed its bow to the north, up Shaftesbury Avenue. However, during the Second World War the statue was removed for safe keeping, and when it was returned its bow was fixed pointing in to the south, towards Lower Regent Street.
The winged figure on the fountain is generally called Eros, is often supposed to be The Angel of Christian Charity, but was intended to be Anteros, a brother of Eros, and is recorded as such in the records of Westminster City Council. The sculptor Alfred Gilbert had already sculpted a statue of Anteros, when commissioned for the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, and chose to reproduce the same subject, who as 'The God of Selfless Love' was deemed to suitably represent the philanthropic 7th Earl of Shaftesbury. Gilbert described Anteros as portraying 'reflective and mature love, as opposed to Eros or Cupid, the frivolous tyrant.' The model for the sculpture was a 16-year-old Italian, whose name appears to have vanished from history. The fountain, when originally placed, was meant to have Anteros pointing his bow towards Wimborne Saint Giles in Dorset, which was the Earl's country seat.
When the memorial was unveiled, there were numerous complaints. Some felt it was sited in a vulgar part of town (the theatre district) and others felt that it was too sensual as a memorial for a famously sober and respectable Earl. Some of the objections were tempered by renaming the statue as The Angel of Christian Charity, which was the nearest approximation that could be invented in the Christian pantheon for the role of Anteros in the Greek. But the name never became widely known, and the original name came back, under the shortened form Eros, signifying the God of Sensual Love; quite inappropriate to commemorate the Earl, but just right to signify the carnal neighbourhood of London, into which Soho had developed.
The iconography deteriorated to the level where the memorial came to be seen as the lustful, half-naked Eros burying his shaft up Shaftesbury Avenue, absolutely typifying degenerate Soho. During his life-time Gilbert had already said of his sculpture 'There is more than £3,000 worth of copper. take it down, melt it, and turn it into pence and give it to the unfortunate people who nightly find a resting place on the Thames Embankment, to the everlasting shame and disgrace of the greatest metropolis in the world'."
International Monetary Fund Division Chief Stephan Danninger (L), Director Alejandro Werner (2nd L), Mission Chief Nigel Chalk (2nd R) and Communications Director Gerry Rice (R) hold a joint press conference on the conclusion of the 2017 US Article IV consultation June 27, 2017 at the IMF Headquarters In Washington, DC. IMF Photo/Samantha Jaffe