reminds us that seeing things as others see us can give us broader perspectives on the world around us: www.spiegel.de/international/world/donald-trump-is-a-mena... Photo by Frank.

 

shotkit.com/stuart-paton/

Auther; Brigitte Forgeur,

Photographers: Christian Sarramon,

Publisher: Flammarion

Gaga

The Facility Compatibility Article (FCA), on the workstand in Chamber A, Space Environment Simulation Laboratory (SESL)/Bldg 32, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), circa April 1966, during compatibility checkout.

 

Prior to manned thermal vacuum tests within the chamber, the CSM boilerplate was used for insertion procedure familiarization, as the entire CSM could not be inserted into the chamber in one piece. Each module had to be transferred individually and then stacked on the test stand/platform inside it.

 

With the work platform in place:

 

archive.org/details/S66-30818

Credit: Internet Archive website

 

Additional info at:

 

ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/CR-2003-208933...

Credit: Johnson Space Center

 

www.drewexmachina.com/2016/10/26/the-apollo-flights-to-no...

Credit: DrewExMachina website/Andrew LePage

 

Last, but not least:

 

www.nps.gov/articles/space-environmental-simulation-labor...

This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

Armenian Quarter

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search

For other Armenian quarters, see List of Armenian ethnic enclaves.

 

Map of the Armenian Quarter, without the area considered by Israel as part of the Jewish Quarter (centre right). The monastery (Patriarchate) compound is shown in grey. The Cathedral of St. James is shown in darker grey.

The Armenian Quarter (Arabic: حارة الأرمن‎, Harat al-Arman; Hebrew: הרובע הארמני‎, Ha-Rova ha-Armeni; Armenian: Հայոց թաղ, Hayots t'agh)[1][2][a] is one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem. Located in the southwestern corner of the Old City, it can be accessed through the Zion Gate and Jaffa Gate. It occupies an area of 0.126 km² (126 dunam), which is 14% of the Old City's total. In 2007, it had a population of 2,424 (6.55% of Old City's total). In both criteria, it is comparable to the Jewish Quarter. The Armenian Quarter is separated from the Christian Quarter by David Street (Suq el-Bazaar) and from the Jewish Quarter by Habad Street (Suq el-Husur).

 

The Armenian presence in Jerusalem dates back to the 4th century AD, when Armenia adopted Christianity as a national religion and Armenian monks settled in Jerusalem. Hence, it is considered the oldest living diaspora community outside the Armenian homeland. Gradually, the quarter developed around the St. James Monastery—which dominates the quarter—and took its modern shape by the 19th century. The monastery houses the Armenian Apostolic Church's Jerusalem Patriarchate, which was established as a diocese in the 7th century AD. The patriarchate is the de facto administrator of the quarter and acts as a "mini-welfare state" for the Armenian residents. The Armenian community has been in decline since the mid-20th century, and is in immediate danger of disappearing, according to Bert Vaux.

 

Though formally separate from Greek Orthodox and Latin (Catholic) Christians, the Armenians consider their quarter to be part of the Christian Quarter. The three Christian patriarchates of Jerusalem and the government of Armenia have publicly expressed their opposition to any political division of the two quarters. The central reasons for the existence of a separate Armenian Quarter is the miaphysitism and distinct language and culture of the Armenians, who, unlike the majority of Christians in Jerusalem (also in Israel and Palestine), are neither Arab nor Palestinian.[b] However, for all intents and purposes, the Armenians living in the Armenian Quarter are considered Palestinians by Israel and the United Nations (UN). They have faced many of the same restrictions on their lives as have the Palestinians.

  

Contents

1Location, borders and surface

2History

2.1Origins

2.2Byzantine, Arab, and Mamluk periods

2.3Ottoman period

2.4World War I, British, and Jordanian periods

2.5Israeli period

3Demographics

3.1Decline of Armenian population

4Landmarks and institutions

4.1Armenian

4.2Other (non-Armenian)

5Political status and views

5.1Armenian views

5.2U.S. Old City division proposal

5.3Palestinian views

5.4Israeli and Jewish views

5.5Christian views

6See also

7References

8Bibliography

8.1Books & book chapters

8.2Journal articles

8.3Other

9External links

Location, borders and surface

The Armenian Quarter is located in the southwestern corner of Jerusalem's Old City.[5] The quarter can be accessed through the Zion Gate and Jaffa Gate.[6] According to a 2007 study published by the International Peace and Cooperation Center, the quarter occupies an area of 0.126 km² (126 dunam), which is 14% of the Old City's total.[7] The Armenian Quarter is formally separated from the Christian Quarter by David Street (Suq el-Bazaar) and by Habad Street (Suq el-Husur) from the Jewish Quarter.[8]

 

History

Armenian Orthodox Patriarchate Rd. signs in Hebrew (top) , Arabic (middle), English (bottom) and classical Armenian (bottom photo)

  

Origins

In the early 4th century[c] Armenia, under king Tiridates III, became the first country to adopt Christianity as a state religion. A large number of Armenian monks are recorded to have settled in Jerusalem as early as the 4th century,[12][13] after the uncovering of Christian holy places in the city.[14] However, the first written records are from the 5th century.[15] Jerusalem is thus considered the oldest living diaspora community outside the Armenian homeland.[16] Philip Marsden wrote that the survival of Armenians in Jerusalem–"most intense of all cities"—proves their extraordinary resilience.[17] Armenian churches were constructed during that period, including the St. James Monastery.[18] The latter was last expanded in the mid-12th century.[19] An Armenian scriptorium was in operation by the mid-5th century.[20] A secular community composed of merchants and artisans was established in the 6th century in the Zion Quarter, where an Armenian street existed (Ruda Armeniorum).[13][21]

 

Byzantine, Arab, and Mamluk periods

In the First Council of Dvin (506), the Armenian Church broke off from the rest of Christianity by rejecting the dual nature of Christ, which was agreed upon in the Council of Chalcedon of 451. Thus, the Armenians found themselves in direct confrontation with the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Justinian I persecuted the Monophysite Armenians, forcing them to leave Jerusalem.[20]

 

A 7th-century Armenian chronicler mentioned the existence of seventy Armenian monasteries in Palestine, some of which have been revealed in excavations.[12] The Byzantines ceded Jerusalem to the Rashidun Caliphate after a siege in 637. Until this point, Jerusalem had a single Christian bishop. In 638 AD,[20] Armenians established their own archbishop, Abraham I.[22] He was officially recognized by Rashidun Caliph Umar.[23] The foundation of the Armenian migration to Jerusalem thus solidified.[15] In the 12th century, around one thousand Armenians moved to Jerusalem with the Crusaders, presumably mainly from the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.[15]

  

The entrance to St. James monastery

In 1311, during Mamluk rule, Archbishop Sarkis (1281–1313) assumed the title of patriarch according to a decree by Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad.[21] In the 1340s, the Armenians were permitted to build a wall around their quarter. This signified that the Mamluk rulers felt that the quarter did not pose a threat. Destroying city walls and fortifications had been a staple of Mamluk governance in order to prevent the Crusaders from returning and reestablishing their rule. The Mamluk government also engraved the following declaration in Arabic on the western entrance to the quarter:

 

The order of our master Sultan Jaqmaq [has been issued] which stipulates that the taxes levied [ahdaiha] recently by the town governor (?) regarding the payment by the Armenian enclosure [dayr alarmani] be cancelled, ... and it has been requested that this cancellation be recorded in the Honored Books in the year 854 of the Hijra (1451 C.E.). Anyone who renews the payment or again takes any tax of extortion is damned, son of the damned, and the curse of Allah will be upon him.[24]

Jerusalemite historian Mujir al-Din provided a detailed description of pre-Ottoman Jerusalem in 1495 in which he mentioned Dir el-Arman (Monastery of the Armenians) or Kanisat Mar Ya'qub (St. James Cathedral).[25]

 

Ottoman period

 

An Armenian priest in Jerusalem c. 1900 pictured smoking a hookah with the Dormition Abbey in the background

During Ottoman rule, Jerusalem developed into a cosmopolitan city. There was religious tolerance and an Ottoman administration existed to sort out religious differences between the rival Christian churches and Muslims. Israeli historians Kark and Oren-Nordheim wrote in 2001: "The Armenian Quarter, although Christian, represented a distinct ethnic group with its particular language and culture, intent on retaining separate identity and unity, minimizing the contacts with Arabs and the Ottoman authorities for fear of persecution."[26] However, the Armenian community in Jerusalem was Arabic-speaking (in addition to Armenian or European languages) and self-identified with Palestinian society.[27]

 

In 1538, the current walls of Jerusalem were completed on the orders of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. These walls, along with the internal walls built by the Armenians, determined the outline of the quarter. In the 1562–63 record, only 189 Armenians were counted, whereas 640 were counted by the Ottomans in 1690, an increase of 239%.[28] According to the chronicler Simeon Lehatsi only some twelve Armenian families lived in Jerusalem in 1615–16.[13] The significant increase in the population in 1690 is attributed to urbanization experienced by the Armenians and other Christians. Thus Armenians came to make up 22.9% of Jerusalem's Christians by 1690, becoming the second largest Christian community.[28]

 

In the 19th century, most of the Armenian and Christian quarters had "European-style gable roofs" as opposed to the domes preferred in the Muslim and Jewish quarters.[29] In 1833 the Armenians established the city's first printing press.[19][30][31][32] A seminary was opened in 1857.[20] In 1855 the first photographic workshop in Jerusalem was founded in the Armenian Quarter.[19] Schools for boys (1840) and girls (1862) were united in 1869 under the name Holy Translators' School[20] and became the first coeducational school in Jerusalem.[4]

  

An 1883 map of the Old City, showing the four quarters

In 1883, 102 Armenian families (8%) constituted the third largest Christian community in the Old City after the Greek Orthodox and Catholic (Latin) communities.[33] Besides these residents, in the same year, 46 Armenian priests and monks and 55 servicemen lived within the St. James Monastery.[34] According to the 1905 Ottoman census in the Old City, the Armenian Quarter had a population of 382, of which Armenians (121) comprised less than one-third (31.7%). Jews (127) made up 33.2%, other Christians (94) 24.6% and Muslims (40) 10.5%.[35] The Jews, who numbered a little more than the Armenians, inhabited the eastern part of the Armenian Quarter, which in the second half of the nineteenth century, became the western part of the Jewish Quarter.[36]

 

World War I, British, and Jordanian periods

Prior to World War I, there were some 2,000–3,000 Armenians in Palestine, mostly in Jerusalem, which was captured by the British in 1917. From 1915 and onward, thousands of Armenian Genocide survivors from Cilicia (Adana Vilayet) found refuge, and settled in the quarter, increasing its population. [37][38] In 1925, around 15,000 Armenians are believed to have lived in all of Palestine, with the majority in Jerusalem.[39] During the British Mandate period, the number of Armenians is estimated to have reached up to 20,000.[39][31] However, the 1931 British census showed only 3,524 Armenians in all of Palestine.[39]

 

In 1947, around 1,500 Armenians from Palestine repatriated to Soviet Armenia as part of the Soviet government's efforts to boost Armenia's population by a large-scale repatriation of ethnic Armenians, mostly from the Middle East. This marked the beginning of the long-term decline of the Armenian community of Jerusalem.[40] During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Armenian Quarter was damaged by bombs.[5] It housed many Armenians from around Palestine. An Armenian civil guard, armed with what Der Matossian describes as "makeshift weapons", was formed to defend the quarter. Over 40 Armenians died during the war.[41]

 

Israeli period

Jerusalem's Old City came under Israeli control in the aftermath of the Six-Day War in 1967. However, the Armenian patriarchate is the de facto administrator of the quarter and acts as a "mini-welfare state" for the Armenian residents.[4] The Arab-Israeli conflict significantly impacted the quarter's politically uninvolved Armenian population. A 1992 article published by the Catholic Near East Welfare Association stated that "Armenians in Jerusalem try to maintain good relations with Arabs and Israelis, but they do not deny that their community has been affected by tensions in the city."[19]

Worth the Wait

 

I have finally been published in a lovely glossy magazine, titled, TASMANIA 40˚South, Issue 84, March 2017.

 

I first wrote to the Editor, 24 February 2013.

 

It might be worth noting that I have been published, as a photographer, for a quarter of a century. Add ten more years to that, as a writer.

 

Note: I just picked up a copy of the magazine (22 March 2017) and you might be shocked to know the Editor/Publisher gave me an inside cover photo, opposite the index, an article with 5 photos starting on page 40, and two two-page spreads. Just Wow!

 

The photos were taken with a Nikon D3x camera with an AF-Nikkor 28mm f/1.4D lens attached.

 

fortysouth.com.au/tasmania-40south/

www.facebook.com/fortysouth/

 

facebook: @fortysouth

 

cassidyphotography.net

cassidyphotography.net/photography-portfolio/landscape/ta...

Wonder who Romeo takes after as he is really rather cute as kids go.......................

- dippy, greatwideyonder, 12/4/2011 3:53

Click to rate Rating 15Report abuse

It seems that she wants to call the baby "Santa " because of Santa Monica......Victoria if you read i suggest Monica would be a really nice name and it's also the name of Virgin Mary's mother!!!!!!!

- Jessica, Venice Italy , 12/4/2011 3:37

Click to rate Rating 2Report abuse

Sat on the grass..whoopee doo doo, Thats big news. And still as miserable as ever....

- I have a lovely life, THE UK , BRITISH AND PROUD OF IT, 12/4/2011 3:08

Click to rate Rating 3Report abuse

Isn't she turning from Victoria to Morticia Addams? That hairstyle is not very flattering. She looks as a good mum, touhg and I wish her the best in her pregnancy

- Ana, Madrid, Spain, 12/4/2011 3:01

Click to rate Rating 6Report abuse

What is wrong with flat shoes Victoria? - Charlotte, Croydon, 11/4/2011 10:52 What is wrong with high heels?

- Catherine, CA, USA, 12/4/2011 1:51

Click to rate Rating 8Report abuse

I continue to wonder why she doesn't smile. Many people/close friends say she is a lovely woman and I have to say she looks beautiful when she does. Try it Victoria. The whole world isn't against you!

- Jan, Surrey, 11/4/2011 23:20

Click to rate Rating 8Report abuse

Does this woman ever smile? She always looks so 'glum'....... - Lorraine, Connecticut, USA, 11/4/2011 12:02============Why should she have a teeth out all the time like some cheap back street woman. Try being followed around by strangers 24/7 for just a week.

- Tamo, Scotland, 11/4/2011 22:48

Click to rate Rating 2Report abuse

stilletos in th park......

- JOHN DOBO, WOLVES, 11/4/2011 22:22

Click to rate Rating 1Report abuse

Always in those ridiculously high heels...

- Wanda, Pennsylvania, USA, 11/4/2011 21:48

Click to rate Rating (0)Report abuse

Justagirl, London I know she's excited to be having another baby, but Victoria really seems to HATE being pregnant - or rather, seems to hate being photographed pregnant...sad, really. You could carry that statement on forever!! Never in the history of the world has someone courted the attentions of the press and all it entails for every appearance she makes as much as Victoria Beckham .... who? .......... and then she gurns like a good-un!! Would it really hurt her to 'smile' once in a while for a photograph. She comes over as being so utterly miserable every time we see her. If she hadn't played up to the media so much they would have been left alone. Plenty of real celebrities manage to stay well out of the media so why couldn't they?

- Barbara, Edinburgh, Scotland, 11/4/2011 21:32

Click to rate Rating 4Report abuse

I love victoria!

- Ruby, Wigan, 11/4/2011 21:29

Click to rate Rating 1Report abuse

Ok where are the "why is she embarrassed about her bump?" posts?! I'll answer you in advance - her pregnancy is none of your business!!!! - Fiona, Glasgow, 10/4/2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------No, then why were they so quick to announce it, because if they had not done so I doubt anyone would guess. And why tell us the sex of the unborn, is that our business? Could it be because they actually WANT all of this publicity. Very few pictures of any celebritys are truly papped these days, theyare just staged to look papped, so then celeb can weep crodile tears and cry, 'why wont they leave me alone' when it suits them!

- anon, uk, 11/4/2011 21:09

Click to rate Rating 2Report abuse

I'm sure the reason why she doesn't smile, is because her feet are killing her! Nothing worse!

- Anon, South Wales, UK, 11/4/2011 20:37

Click to rate Rating 4Report abuse

Isn't it warm over there now ? What's with the cardi and all that black ??!!

- judephf, Leeds, 11/4/2011 20:37

Click to rate Rating 3Report abuse

Hi Cathy, Watford, England, Well said!

- Jade, Sussex, 11/4/2011 20:35

Click to rate Rating 1Report abuse

Does this woman ever smile? She always looks so 'glum'....... - Lorraine, Connecticut, USA, 11/4/2011 12:02 Why do you feel the need for VB to be a performing seal? I'm sure she realises that while the publicity is good for brand Beckham, I doubt anyone really wants cameras shoved in their faces 24/7. As for those criticising the heels-well I'm sure she's mature enough to decide for herself what to wear. Most of you would be better off stopping fixating about 'celebs' who have no direct impact on your life.

- Steve , Oxford, 11/4/2011 20:23

Click to rate Rating 3Report abuse

Can she design sunglasses for stomachs?

- MumOfThree, Marbella, Spain, 11/4/2011 20:17

Click to rate Rating 2Report abuse

What is wrong with flat shoes Victoria? - Charlotte, Croydon, 11/4/2011 10:52 -------------------------------- What's wrong with high heels, Charlotte?

- Matilda, London, 11/4/2011 20:10

Click to rate Rating 3Report abuse

Having read many of the comments, I learn she hates her smile, she has bunions, she doesn't like being short and has a complex about it, she's funny, she's happily married with three delightful boys, she's pregant (oh yes she is!). The headline tells me 'she relaxes ... '. One thing I'm sure of, she never looks relaxed in public.

- Maggie, Cyprus, 11/4/2011 20:04

Click to rate Rating 1Report abuse

I think its about time you stop mentioning in every article about the Beckhams that their son suggested Justine Bieber as a name! It's getting old!

- rebecca, hove, 11/4/2011 19:45

Click to rate Rating 3Report abuse

Never mind looking miserable...If I was married to David Beckham I wouldn't be able to stop grinning!!

- jan, leeds, 11/4/2011 19:38

Click to rate Rating 3Report abuse

Does this woman ever smile? She always looks so 'glum'.......

- Lorraine, Connecticut, USA, 11/4/2011 19:02

Click to rate Rating 74Report abuse

I really don't think anyone has the right to judge how a pregnant woman dresses. Some women like are proud to show off their bumps but others don't like to - it doesn't mean they aren't happy to be pregnant or are bad mothers. When I was pregnant I hated showing off my bump, and not for a fear of looking fat, I just somehow felt vunerable! I'm always surprised by how horrible the comments about Victoria Beckham are - what has she actually done wrong - apart from be successful, happily married and stylish?!

- Claire, Darlington, 11/4/2011 18:54

Click to rate Rating 395Report abuse

I hope this miserable woman stays in America....why oh why, did she get an invite to the royal wedding?

- Vicky, London, 11/4/2011 18:24

Click to rate Rating 249Report abuse

If I were her kids, I would be saying, "cheer up mummy, life's not that bad...in fact we are pretty charmed so smile!"

- Caroline, London, 11/4/2011 18:23

Click to rate Rating 94Report abuse

What is wrong with flat shoes Victoria?

- Charlotte, Croydon, 11/4/2011 17:52

Click to rate Rating 117Report abuse

I know she's excited to be having another baby, but Victoria really seems to HATE being pregnant - or rather, seems to hate being photographed pregnant...sad, really. But it explains how she managed to completely avoid being photographed during her pregnancies with Romeo and Cruz, and why she covers herself up so quickly now. Someone needs to tell her she needn't worry - we all know the difference between fat and pregnant, and heaven forbid we ever thinks she's the former. - Natalie, Bristol, 10/4/2011 20:35 I think it's more of a protective gesture that she covers her tummy while being completely mobbed by paparazzi all the time. Have you ever seen how pushy some photographers get?

- Justagirl, London, 11/4/2011 17:44

Click to rate Rating 193Report abuse

Are there no limits to this woman's vanity? Wearing stiletto heels on the grass at a kids' soccer game is beyond ridiculous.

- Mary, Canada, 11/4/2011 17:13

Click to rate Rating 14Report abuse

People posting on here are always moaning about Mylene Klass and other pregnant celebs taking plaster casts of their bumps, wearing next to nothing or cupping their hands under their bumps. Saying they are all show offs and that they are not the first people to get pregnant. Then along comes Victoria Beckham, who keeps her bump to herself, the complete opposite of these other celebs and that is wrong too. Some of you should make your minds up. I'd far rather see VB than any of these other celebs. Perhaps all you VB haters should google interviews that she has given. She is actually a very funny, loving, caring person, mother and wife. She doesn't like her smile, she thinks it's wonky, which is why she doesn't smile and she wears heels because she is short and because she likes them. What crime has she committed that make so many of you haters. She has stuck by David when rumours of infidelity were rife and is successful. GREEN EYED MONSTERS SPRINGS TO MIND.

- Cathy, Watford, England, 11/4/2011 17:01

Click to rate Rating 28Report abuse

and still... no smile!

- Jess, Plymouth, 11/4/2011 16:47

Click to rate Rating 11Report abuse

Im not too sure what the point of this article is.. A pregnant woman sits down whilst her husband gets his legs waxed?

- Anonymouse, Mouseland, 11/4/2011 16:31

Click to rate Rating 25Report abuse

still as rough as ever. and i thought pregnant women "glows?" URGH imagine what her feet looks like!!!

- Catherine, London, 11/4/2011 16:29

Click to rate Rating 18Report abuse

i love VB, but is it me or does she always wear pretty mach the same thing all the time? black blazer, dark top and skinny jeans - and of course a pair of stilettos. haha.

- hannah, mid glamorgan, 11/4/2011 15:59

Click to rate Rating 5Report abuse

Crikey, it was a slow news weekend wasn't it? What with Posh Spice and Billip Piper sitting down, Katie Price went food shopping, Katona went to Alton Towers (with her film crew), some bird from Essex went to the hairdressers.... it's exciting stuff!

- Richard Castles NOTEPAD, Left pocket, hiding behind the blackberry , 11/4/2011 15:43

Click to rate Rating 41Report abuse

Justine Beiber Beckham ha ha ha, kids are so funny. Bless him. Good luck to the Beckhams, lovely family.

- Gail, Ipswich, 11/4/2011 15:19

Click to rate Rating 21Report abuse

Most of us have seen a pregnant woman. If we hadn't, there has been a positive parade of celebrity expectant months over recent months. So much so that I began to wonder why you don't just have a preggers page. We don't need Post to 'reveal' her bump and if she prefers to cover up - that is her choice. I think most people would be self-conscious to have photographers invading all aspects of our life with our (very personal) pregnancy in mind.

- Jo, Bournemouth, England, 11/4/2011 14:23

Click to rate Rating 50Report abuse

Most women love to show off to the world their bump when they are pregnant, she just looks embarrassed by it.

- hellbentyaz, manchester, 11/4/2011 14:14

Click to rate Rating 35Report abuse

sullen, sullen and sullen, does she never give herself a day off?

- estebe, bristol, 11/4/2011 13:26

Click to rate Rating 70Report abuse

Probably taking weight off those bunions!!! Sorry but those shoes are positively awful, it's no wonder she had to sit and rest, they make my feet ache just looking at them! Fancy going to a football game in them too, you would think that just once, she could actually really "relax" and let her hair down........but vb is too aware of the paps for that. Self indulged prima dona

- Chris, Spain, 11/4/2011 13:20

Click to rate Rating 169Report abuse

***STOP PRESS*** Pregnant woman sits down!

- Martina, Bexley, GB, 11/4/2011 12:58

Click to rate Rating 419Report abuse

Please, for all that is Holy: EAT SOMETHING!

- Marie, Tampa, FL USA, 11/4/2011 12:31

Click to rate Rating 125Report abuse

Oh dear DM, Your hot-off-the-press gems today include stories about people: Sitting in a park (VB and Piper) Grocery shopping (Price) At an all expenses paid day out w kids (Katona) People simply walking down the road (Knightly and SJP) and a drug addicts nose (TPT), which incidently left her face years ago. Hardly a rivetting read really hey ? Although most are simply stalking cases, i would have a fiver on Katona's people ringing up to tell you where she was going. - dave, hk, 11/4/2011 03:23 It hasn't stopped you reading the website though has it?

- Aideyb, Somewhere, UK, 11/4/2011 11:56

Click to rate Rating 86Report abuse

Oh dear DM, Your hot-off-the-press gems today include stories about people: Sitting in a park (VB and Piper) Grocery shopping (Price) At an all expenses paid day out w kids (Katona) People simply walking down the road (Knightly and SJP) and a drug addicts nose (TPT), which incidently left her face years ago. Hardly a rivetting read really hey ? Although most are simply stalking cases, i would have a fiver on Katona's people ringing up to tell you where she was going.

- dave, hk, 11/4/2011 10:23

Click to rate Rating 115Report abuse

If this was any other celebrity mom people would be praising her for spending time with her children BUT since its Victoria people will find something to criticize her, in this case the heels and hiding baby bump comments are pouring. I have seen pics of her kissing her sons and being affectionate but DM seems to choose not to publish it.

- jane, NY, 11/4/2011 10:20

Click to rate Rating 56Report abuse

This woman is totally stupid why has she got the heels on please someone tell me its beyond me i am so disguisted why cant she be natural and wear flats because obviously she will be caught out without her image of i am the greatest mother in the world you are a law untoo yourself victoria not posh enough for public school and most certainly not posh in my eyes money cannot buy you class of which you and your family sadly lack - elimay335, middlesbrough, 10/4/2011 23:36 Would all the money in the world buy you some punctuation? Or are you too busy being bitter, hating someone you know next to nothing about?

- Matthew, Belfast, Ireland, 11/4/2011 9:13

Click to rate Rating 38Report abuse

How nice to see a woman taking care of herself and staying attractive for her hubby throughout her pregnancy, after all you don't stop being a wife because you are carrying a child... - Em, Az, 10/4/2011 17:24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ugh staying attractive for your hubby???? I find this portion of this comment quite nauseating. I can't stand Victoria but I will say that her overzealous vanity is for the benefit of her public image and for her massive ego and has little to do with staying attractive for David's benefit. Ridiculous comment all the way around.

- Princess Edwina(In a State of Grace), Edwina Manor, Edwinashire , 11/4/2011 9:06

Click to rate Rating 13Report abuse

Some nasty comments on this site. I don't think she is trying to hide her bump, I don't think she has much of a bump (some women don't have a big bump you know). I am not a big fan of Victoria but credit where credit is due, she seems to be a good mother also when I have heard her being interviewed she comes accross as having a good sense of humour and not snobby at all.

- cents, nowhereland, 11/4/2011 8:28

Click to rate Rating 45Report abuse

Lay off the poor girl, you don't know that she hates being pregnant, I think she looks a whole lot better than the usual Hollywood women who wear tight dresses or tops that stretch over their baby bump. There's nothing glamourous about them, they look awful. As for her heels, she's always worn high heels and she's obviously comfy in them too. She and David appear to be great parents, at least they have their children with them and she is at the game to watch her son, unlike so many of these so called stars whose children you see only when it's a good photo op. Reading some of these comments the word "Mieow" comes to mind. Good luck Victoria.

- doreenmoles, san diego california, 11/4/2011 7:36

Click to rate Rating 54Report abuse

I felt vile and extremely tired and ill during all of my pregnancies, she might be feeling rotten and only be out and about for the sake of her boys. Why should she she have to smile and flash her tummy to the world? Also, I'm pretty certain I would not be smiling if strangers were always hiding in the bushes trying to take pictures of my children. I'd be cautious and on-guard, as any caring Mum would be.

- RM, New Zealand, 11/4/2011 7:33

Click to rate Rating 131Report abuse

Leave her alone! Being pregnant isn't a reason to turn into an unstylish whale. Judging her for wearing heals is utterly ridiculous, either you can walk in heels or you can't. As for people assuminng she is hiding her bump, ever think that it might be subconsciously protecting it from the glare and scrutiny of most of the jealous, small minded women such as those leaving comments on this site. I just had a baby and wore my louboutins to the hospital after going into labour and believe it or not CPS didn't come to whisk away my son at birth. How nice to see a woman taking care of herself and staying attractive for her hubby throughout her pregnancy, after all you don't stop being a wife because you are carrying a child...

- Em, Az, 11/4/2011 7:24

Click to rate Rating 100Report abuse

wow people are so mean and nasty...u don't even know the woman. She looks like a great mom, always with her kids and at their games and practices. Leave her alone. And as for her bump...it is so sad that the fact she isn't showing it to the world or that she wears heels while pregnant offends everyone. It certainly doesn't bother me...not like shes smoking or drinking while preggars. If the woman wants to wear heels and kill her back, let her!

- Ashten, New Orleans USA, 11/4/2011 6:48

Click to rate Rating 114Report abuse

This woman is a joke! At least by having the baby in LA she will get what she always wanted - American citizenship.

- Doctor of Philosophy, UK, 11/4/2011 6:43

Click to rate Rating 152Report abuse

i'm the one scared for her being on those heels! by the way, i wonder where she's carrying the baby in her body, i see no big area on her at all.

- hermie weasley, surrey, 11/4/2011 6:40

Click to rate Rating 51Report abuse

This woman is totally stupid why has she got the heels on please someone tell me its beyond me i am so disguisted why cant she be natural and wear flats because obviously she will be caught out without her image of i am the greatest mother in the world you are a law untoo yourself victoria not posh enough for public school and most certainly not posh in my eyes money cannot buy you class of which you and your family sadly lack

- elimay335, middlesbrough, 11/4/2011 6:36

Click to rate Rating 131Report abuse

Looking at these pictures, you can almost feel her silly fear to gain too much weight during her pregnancy, she looks almost as skinny as usual. It must be an enormous challenge for her to 'eat for two', but I doubt she even does it...I can already see the headline 'Posh sheds baby weight in 7 days' , after their baby girl is born. That woman is just insanely vain!

- celebobsessed, Berlin, Germany, 11/4/2011 6:32

Click to rate Rating 36Report abuse

I tell you, I like any WAG in the world above Victoria. She is so contrived and addicted to her image that I don't know how any one can warm to her. I am often baffled at the positive and even nauseatingly adoring comments she receives. Really cringeworthy, and very odd, especially when you read the negative comments directed at Alex Curran and the others.........I often do wonder at the double standards.

- Princess Edwina(In a State of Grace), Edwina Manor, Edwinashire , 11/4/2011 6:31

Click to rate Rating 51Report abuse

Makes me laugh when she tries to cover her bump up. Why? Well she was all too quick to announce she was pregnant and then announce it is a girl, so why the false modesty at 'pretending' to hide her bump? Typical attention seeking and typical stupid press response - annabel, leeds, 11/4/2011 5:49 I don't know if she's trying to cover her "bump" or not but I'd certainly prefer her modest demeanor towards her pregancy than all those other pregnant celebrities who can't be photographed without a hand or both tellingly cupped under their bellies complete with skin-tight clothing (or no clothing at all). Leave her alone, your criticism is truly pathetic.

- Reubenene, Somewhere In The World, 11/4/2011 6:29

Click to rate Rating 46Report abuse

Why should she parade her pregnancy in front of the whole world? Just to satisfy you?! She is clearly a good mother to her sons and undoubtedly will be to her little girl as well so why is it any of your concern that she does not enjoy being pregnant? She doesn't need to embrace her pregnancy as long as she'll be a good mother, it's not like the baby will ever remember what her mom was like when she was pregnant with her! And I admire her for not conforming to the big grin routine set out by DM readers!

- Diana, NC, 11/4/2011 6:26

Click to rate Rating 390Report abuse

This will all takes its toll on her body in about 20 years.

- opinionated, usa, 11/4/2011 6:25

Click to rate Rating 71Report abuse

You can all disparage her all you want, if it makes you feel better, but the facts are still the facts . . . she seems to have a strong and thriving marriage, and three beautiful children to whom she and her husband are devoted. Unlike many celebs, she appears to have her priorities straight--her family comes first, and that is really all that matters. Where is the problem?

- Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA, 11/4/2011 6:24

Click to rate Rating 657Report abuse

She looks amazing! Victoria looks incredible and just like the mother that should be a role model for all the WAG fans... Victoria and Davis are wonderful parents and this unwanted (yet taken while being parents like so many of us with children just try and be, without the pappz) I think they are a role model set of parents and role models to any of us who have children should look up on... Rather then the other celebs we read about...

- vodkacat, England, 11/4/2011 6:23

Click to rate Rating 242Report abuse

at least she has her own babies, instead of "buying/adopting" them like some celebs....

- sue, Australia, 11/4/2011 6:16

Click to rate Rating 194Report abuse

she seems more concerned aboout her image than her safety

- sami, brighton, 11/4/2011 6:16

Click to rate Rating 180Report abuse

NO ONE CARES XX

- lollie x, strawberry xxx, 11/4/2011 6:15

Click to rate Rating 98Report abuse

Puts her feet up? She doesn't have a proper job for starters. Miserable as usual, childishly hiding her bump.

- Tina Sparkles, UK, 11/4/2011 5:53

Click to rate Rating 173Report abuse

Natalie I completely agree with you. It's not as if she even has a giant bump to hide! if there is a bump there at all it has to be pretty small because she is still wearing her superskinny jeans unless she has had some especially made with a stretchy tummy! that she hides under her slightly looser tops.

- Colette, Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada, 11/4/2011 5:46

Click to rate Rating 39Report abuse

Silly woman!! Best not have my belly on show, I've had an edame bean for lunch..... Ugh!!! I look so fat now!!! Pathetic woman!!! And teetering on those Christian Laboutin boots is utterly irresponsible. High heels are bad for your back when you are not pregnant but when you are pregnant, it tilts your pelvis the wrong way. Oh I forgot ......Victoria is too Posh to Push!!!

- NL , London, 11/4/2011 5:36

Click to rate Rating 103Report abuse

Lea, Paris, France, 10/4/2011 21:49....Well said!...My thoughts exactly.!

- Anna, Sunny Britain, 11/4/2011 5:30

Click to rate Rating 19Report abuse

Does this woman ALWAYS sulk?

- Jill, London, 11/4/2011 5:30

Click to rate Rating 18Report abuse

How come some celeb kids have their faces fuzzed out while others dont? It is because some like to pimp out their kids more than others? Just curious... no red arrows needed. :P

- Milly, London, 11/4/2011 5:15

Click to rate Rating 8Report abuse

I wouldn't want to be around her if she took her shoes off. Have you seen the state on her feet? On second thoughts i have no wish to be around her at all. I'd rather be down the pub with my mates.

- taff, wales, 11/4/2011 5:15

Click to rate Rating 40Report abuse

she covers her bump all the time :( she should be proud and not be afraid to show it x

- Laila, UK, 11/4/2011 5:14

Click to rate Rating 47Report abuse

Is it healthy for this woman to sqeeze her pregnancy into tight fitting jeans (because odds on she isn't wearing maternity jeans!). I appreciate some women can have 'small' pregnancies, but she looks completely unnatural, given that according to most media reports she is 5 months pregnant!!! As to those heels, I have little respect for any pregnant woman stupid enough to wear tottering heels like that, they are at a far higher risk of taking a tumble and according to medical experts it tilts the womb!!!

- JT, London, 11/4/2011 5:10

Click to rate Rating 10Report abuse

How can she feel comfortable wearing such high heels when she's pregnant? I'd be afraid of falling over!

- JoJo, Somewhere in Surrey, 11/4/2011 5:09

Click to rate Rating 34Report abuse

Why does Victoria never embrace her pregnancy. She has always seemed to want to hide it.

- Cathy, Brittany , France, 11/4/2011 5:07

Click to rate Rating 53Report abuse

how interesting

- nige b, west yorks, 11/4/2011 5:06

Click to rate Rating 13Report abuse

does she ever wear flats !!!!! i dunno wen i was preg i cudnt do heels was too worried wud harm my posture n baby

- laura, london, 11/4/2011 4:53

Click to rate Rating 18Report abuse

I bet she always calls the paps to come around and plays this pathetic plastic persona for the cameras because it's not possible to look so lifeless, joyless and utterly sad when out with her boys each and every time. I click on the articles about her because I'm into fashion and want to see what she's wearing but her joyless "public" existence fills me with desperation

I sincerely hope she takes this look off her face when alone with her family and friends, she's so much to be thankful for after all. She hasn't just lost her home and relatives in Japan, even those people look more hopeful than this weird sourpuss.

- Lea, Paris, France, 11/4/2011 4:49

Click to rate Rating 33Report abuse

Why would anyone not be proud of their baby bump? She seems embarrassed by it. She is so vain. Poor David!

- Emma, Derbyshire UK, 11/4/2011 4:47

Click to rate Rating 38Report abuse

Since announcing her pregnancy earlier this year she hasn't relaxed her demanding schedule which includes designer her collections "Designer her collections? Oh dear DM. ha ha hahaaaaaa!

- THERESA ARCARI, TENERIFE, 11/4/2011 4:32

Click to rate Rating 8Report abuse

Just looking at the size of those heels make my feet burn

- Jennifer, Lancashire, England, 11/4/2011 4:28

Click to rate Rating 25Report abuse

Has she had something done to her lip? Her top one looks a bit Troutish!!

- Troupstar, Kent, UK, 11/4/2011 4:24

Click to rate Rating 33Report abuse

well isn't young Romeo the absolute image of his father?! and good for them enjoying some normal family time together, certainly the weather for it

- laurie, cheltenham, england, 11/4/2011 4:21

Click to rate Rating 99Report abuse

She Looks Ridicolous, as always, in thoes heels! I bet she goes to bed with her towers just in case she needs to go to the bathroom in the middle of the night so that she won't feel short and imperfect.

- Mar, SPAIN BARCELONA, 11/4/2011 4:20

Click to rate Rating 30Report abuse

Ok where are the "why is she embarrassed about her bump?" posts?! I'll answer you in advance - her pregnancy is none of your business!!!!

- Fiona, Glasgow, 11/4/2011 4:19

Click to rate Rating 71Report abuse

ugly & hightly dangerous heels - especially when would do anything to have a girl ! its still early into the pregnancy

- claire, TQ devon, 11/4/2011 4:03

Click to rate Rating 38Report abuse

Victoria looked fabulous and take note,her 3 beautiful boys are growing fast esp. Brooklyn

- bernarda m.gonzales, leeds, 11/4/2011 3:55

Click to rate Rating 111Report abuse

Makes me laugh when she tries to cover her bump up. Why? Well she was all too quick to announce she was pregnant and then announce it is a girl, so why the false modesty at 'pretending' to hide her bump? Typical attention seeking and typical stupid press response

- annabel, leeds, 11/4/2011 3:49

Click to rate Rating 73Report abuse

I know she's excited to be having another baby, but Victoria really seems to HATE being pregnant - or rather, seems to hate being photographed pregnant...sad, really. But it explains how she managed to completely avoid being photographed during her pregnancies with Romeo and Cruz, and why she covers herself up so quickly now. Someone needs to tell her she needn't worry - we all know the difference between fat and pregnant, and heaven forbid we ever thinks she's the former.

- Natalie, Bristol, 11/4/2011 3:35

Click to rate Rating 134Report abuse

I wish I looked that glam whilst being pregnant. I am 5 months and feel like a whale. High street clothes don´t off the same sense of sophistication.

- LR, somewhere out there, 11/4/2011 3:20

Click to rate Rating 305Report abuse

She has a complex about her height, being short, you would want to wear tall heeled, stiletos.

- Amy, UK, 11/4/2011 3:16

Click to rate Rating 66Report abuse

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Read more: www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1375479/Victoria-Be...

la moneta articolata

Cajsa,

 

I just read your article about my blog posts on New World Notes, and I am absolutely gobsmacked! Your write-up is incredibly generous, and I’m so grateful for the time and effort you put into it.

 

Thank you for the fantastic support and for highlighting my work in such a thoughtful way. It truly means the world to me!

 

Warmest regards,

 

Charly xo

 

The Article Link - nwn.blogs.com/nwn/2024/08/charly-rayne-sl-fashion-blog.html

 

The full article that includes this photo lives at www.akihabaranews.com/news-17257-X.html

You may also want to check out www.flickr.com/photos/akihabaranews/ for similar photos

 

The full article that includes this photo lives at www.akihabaranews.com/news-17257-X.html

You may also want to check out www.flickr.com/photos/akihabaranews/ for similar photos

Nº 37.

Citroën 2CV 6 "Polizei" (1986).

Escala 1/43.

Collection "La 2CV Citroën" - Hachette.

Norev.

France.

Año 2005.

 

Date of production: 7/2003.

 

More info:

cntrois.over-blog.com/article-30798786.html

picclick.it/2cv-6-Citroen-Polizei-1986-Norev-N%C2%B037-1-...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

[Deutsche Polizeioldtimer Museum / Polizei-Motorsport Club Marburg]

 

Citroen 2 CV "Pol-duck"

Police emergency vehicle

 

"This is the prototype of a new patrol car for the German police.

It is characterized by low production costs and simple operation, due to lack of technology. The tried and tested construction method does not quite meet today's safety requirements, but what does it matter. These unimportant drawbacks are balanced by the sparkling 0.6-liter engine and its powerful 27 hp. The first test came to the conclusion that the car was to be introduced to the water protection police. ..

 

... reason: you get seasick on bends!

 

... and indeed there was such an operational vehicle probably in the ranks of the police in the bordering Federal States to France - so we were informed, however, "

(...)

 

Sources:

www.polizeioldtimer.de/

translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&h...

www.polizei.hessen.de/Dienststellen/Polizeipraesidium-Mit...

 

The vehicle fleet of the

Police Motorsports Club Marburg 1990 e. in:

www.polizeioldtimer.de/

translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&h...

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Citroen 2CV6 (1970 - 1991)

 

(...)

"The roots of the Citroen 2CV6 can be traced right back to 1936 when the first 2CV (Deux Cheveaux) was built in prototype form. Fully 250 such cars were built prior to the 1939 Paris Autosalon but production was halted when Hitler took an acquisitive interest in France.

 

It wasn't until 1948 that the car was finally showed at the Paris Autosalon and full scale production commenced the following year, the cars powered by a 9bhp 375cc engine. This propelled them to a rather glacial top speed of 40mph.

 

The car gradually evolved over the intervening years, and in 1970 the 2CV6 was introduced to the French market, powered by a 602cc engine with 28bhp.

 

This model was subsequently imported to the UK in 1974.

 

In 1979 the entry-level 2CV6 was dubbed the Club and a ritzier Special trim level was introduced with round lights and chrome trim on the doors.

 

Charleston special edition models appeared in 1980 but these proved so popular that Citroen marketed the Charleston as a mainstream range model.

 

In 1981 the James Bond limited edition was launched. With stick-on bullet holes, this car was a replica of the 2CV6 that undertook a thrilling downhill dive in the movie 'For Your Eyes Only'.

 

1982 saw the bright green Bamboo model that some may recall from being blown to smithereens by a Boeing 747 jet engine on Top Gear TV.

 

1983 saw the brief introduction of the blue and white striped Beachcomber edition while in 1985 came the wildly popular 'Dolly' special edition, named after the 2CV6's latterly acquired nickname.

 

On July 27th 1990, the last Citroen 2CV6 rolled off the production lines.

UK sales continued into early 1991.

 

After sales of over 5.11 million, the 2CV line had come to an end. Or so it would seem. Even today there are some specialists such as www.frome2cv.co.uk that will sell you a fully galvanised, rebuilt or restored car.

The 2CV6 just refuses to die."

(...)

 

Source: www.rac.co.uk/buying-a-car/car-reviews/citroen/2cv6/207838

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Breve historia del Citroën 2CV6

 

1970

"Crece la familia 2CV, que se comercializa en dos nuevas versiones:

El 2CV 4 "tipo AZL 4", con 435 c.c., 24 cv DIN a 6750 rpm, 102 Km/h y 5,4 litros a los cien.

El 2CV 6 "tipo AZL 6", con 602 c.c., 28,5 cv DIN a 6750 rpm, 110 Km/h y un consumo de 6,1 litros a los cien.

Estos dos modelos montan de serie cinturones de seguridad."

 

1973

"Todos los 2CV incorporan un nuevo logotipo, y el 2CV 6 un nuevo volante monobrazo."

 

1974

"Los faros rectangulares sustituyen a los faros redondos y se incorpora una nueva calandra de plastico.

Se incorpora una banda de protección de caucho en los paragolpes y una cubierta de plastico en el interior de las puertas.

La situación económica y política de Chile determina el cierre de los talleres de montaje del 2CV en este país."

 

1975

"Aparece el 2CV "Spécial", una versión básica, con la mecanica del 2CV 4, que vuelve a incorporar los faros redondos y suprime la luneta de custodia.

Las bandas de caucho de los paragolpes se sustituyen por bandas adhesivas negras y se introducen amortiguadores delanteros.

La potencia del 2CV 6 se reduce de 28,5 cv a 26 cv a causa de las nuevas normas antipolución."

 

1977

"Los cinturones de seguridad enrollables se comienzan a montar de serie en los 2CV.

En las furgonetas se montan los cinturones de serie, pero no enrollables."

 

1978

"En marzo sale el Acadiane, una nueva furgoneta derivada del Dyane que reemplaza a las furgonetas 2CV. Monta un motor de 602 c.c., 31 cv DIN a 5750 rpm y alcanza los 100 Km/h.

También se deja de fabricar el 2CV 4.

El 2CV 6 es dotado de un nuevo carburador Solex de doble cuerpo, que consigue arrancarle al motor de 602 c.c. 29 cv DIN a 5750 rpm., y el filtro del aire pasa a ser de plástico."

 

1979

"El 2CV 4 "Spécial", con motor de 435 c.c. es reemplazado por un 2CV "Spécial" con el motor de 602 c.c. del 2CV 6.

El 2CV 6 es reemplazado por el 2CV "Confort" (2CV 6 CT)."

 

1980

"En el Salón de París aparece el 2CV "Charleston" de carroceria bicolor y faros redondos, en serie especial limitada a 8000 unidades, basado en el 2CV 6.

Cierra la fábrica de Bruxelles-Forest en Belgica."

 

1981

"El 2CV Charleston se empieza a fabricar en serie solo para Francia."

 

1983

"Sale el una serie limitada de 2000 coches, el 2CV "France 3", basados en el 2CV "Spécial", aunque en Gran Bretaña fue denominado 2CV "Beachcomber", y en el resto de paises 2CV "Olimpique".

 

1984

"Se fabrican otras 2000 unidades del 2CV "Olimpique".

 

1985

"Aparece una nueva serie especial limitada a 3000 unidades, el 2CV "Dolly".

1986

Sale en Francia el 2CV "Cocorico", una patriotica edición limitada a 1000 unidades, que estaba pintado con los colores de la bandera francesa.

En Gran Bretaña sale el 2CV "Bamboo", de color vede, que alcanzó gran popularidad."

 

1987

"El Citroën Mehari deja de ser producido."

 

1988

"La fábrica de Mangualde, en Portugal, acapara ahora la totalidad de la producción de los 2CV.

En Belgica sale a la venta el 2CV "Perrier", edición limitada a 1000 unidades, de color verde y blanco."

 

1990

"El 27 de Julio de 1990 cesa la fabricación del 2CV.

Después de 41 años, 8 meses y 21 dias de fabricación, se han vendido 3.872.583 2CV, hasta el 31 de Mayo de 1991."

 

Fuente: debates.coches.net/showthread.php?76568-La-Historia-Del-C...

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Citroën 2CV

 

Manufacturer

Citroën

 

Production

1948–1990

 

Assembly

Forest/Vorst, Belgium

Liège, Belgium

Slough, UK

Jeppener, Argentina (1960–1962),

Buenos Aires, Argentina (1962–1980)

Montevideo, Uruguay (Panel van & pick-up)

Arica, Chile

Mangualde, Portugal

Paris, France

Vigo, Spain

Koper, Slovenia (former Yugoslavia)

 

Designer

André Lefèbvre

Flaminio Bertoni

Walter Becchia

Marcel Chinon

  

Class

Economy car

 

Body style

5-door hatchback

2-door panel van

2-door pick-up

 

Layout

Front engine, front-wheel drive / four-wheel drive

 

Related

Citroën Dyane

Citroën FAF

Citroën Méhari

Citroën Ami

Citroën Bijou

 

Engine

375 cc (23 CID) H2 air-cooled 9 hp.

425 cc H2 air-cooled 12hp.

435 cc H2 air-cooled 18 hp.

602 cc H2 air-cooled 29 hp.

 

Transmission

4-speed manual

 

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_2CV

 

More info: tractors.wikia.com/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_2CV

 

Elmira, NY. November 2015.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you would like to use THIS picture in any sort of media elsewhere (such as newspaper or article), please send me a Flickrmail or send me an email at natehenderson6@gmail.com.

to make a long story longer......... i was driving thru dedham (massachusetts) on my way to return some tile, when i noticed a car with a 24 bottle case of water on its top; so being the ever-helpful person that you all know, i followed it flashing lights and honking my horn. they finally noticed when the case slid off about a mile later but meanwhile i was in a part of town that i hadn't been, so meandered my way back out til i was near the greenhouses of the endicott mansion estate. (does the state still own that??) imagine my astonishment to see a gaily painted rabbit, which is probably 3 feet tall and 5 feet long, sitting in this pool of light. and, of course, since i take pictures of everything, i shot this one. (i read an article interview with one of the artists-- it is 4 feet tall counting its ears.)

 

then i went over to legacy place where i spotted the second one near whole foods...... ok, so 1/one is an oddity, 2/two made me think the beginnings of a pattern, and went downtown near the county courthouse and there was the 3rd/third. came home to check it out online and it appears that they will eventually have 15-- with different artists painting each.

 

had seen this before in upstate NY several years ago where a town invited artists to paint 10 cows and placed them around town to support local art community and as a charity fund raiser. in haverhill i think they've placed gigantic shoes around town. made me curious about why rabbits in dedham? and the article mentioned dedham pottery, which had used the bunny as its symbol on its distinctive crackle finish stoneware. you can find reproduction dedham pottery pieces today.

www.dedhampottery.com/

 

meanwhile i am humming about alice's rabbit and falling down rabbit holes..............

 

have since learned that this is outside the endicott branch of the dedham library-- seems fitting, eh?

 

"Ace the White Rabbit"

By SarahJane Cassie

From the onset the questions about the nature of humanity has always been a thing that comes from the mind of human beings as a group.

  

Talking about the traits of human characters; humane qualities and the aspect of our life.

  

What long-standing aspiration do you have? What Vision, ideas, or dreams do you today? What do you constantly imagine yourself doing? Meaning that is your motivation for doing it for positive or selfish interest?

  

What do you imagine yourself becoming? What do you likely or really desire to do that you may not have told anybody about it. That is, it may be something you think about a lot while you’re awake or at your work place and may be wishing to do something else for humanity instead of your current job.

  

Probably it is something you lie awake at night and imagine yourself building, writing articles, journals, books, drawing, paintings, constructing, baking, doctor, lawyer, or performing arts etc. You have dreamed about doing this ever since you were born or were a child.

 

Visit our blog:http://creativeartssolutionfoundation.blogspot.com.ng/2018/01/what-to-do-for-humanity.html

   

Information from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod

 

Cape Cod

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the area of Massachusetts. For other uses, see Cape Cod (disambiguation).

For other uses, see Cod (disambiguation).

 

Coordinates: 41°41′20″N 70°17′49″W / 41.68889°N 70.29694°W / 41.68889; -70.29694

Map of Massachusetts, with Cape Cod (Barnstable County) indicated in red

Dunes on Sandy Neck are part of the Cape's barrier beach which helps to prevent erosion

 

Cape Cod, often referred to locally as simply the Cape, is an island and a cape in the easternmost portion of the state of Massachusetts, in the Northeastern United States. It is coextensive with Barnstable County. Several small islands right off Cape Cod, including Monomoy Island, Monomoscoy Island, Popponesset Island, and Seconsett Island, are also in Barnstable County, being part of municipalities with land on the Cape. The Cape's small-town character and large beachfront attract heavy tourism during the summer months.

 

Cape Cod was formed as the terminal moraine of a glacier, resulting in a peninsula in the Atlantic Ocean. In 1914, the Cape Cod Canal was cut through the base or isthmus of the peninsula, forming an island. The Cape Cod Commission refers to the resultant landmass as an island; as does the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in regards to disaster preparedness.[1] It is still identified as a peninsula by geographers, who do not change landform designations based on man-made canal construction.[citation needed]

 

Unofficially, it is one of the biggest barrier islands in the world, shielding much of the Massachusetts coastline from North Atlantic storm waves. This protection helps to erode the Cape shoreline at the expense of cliffs, while protecting towns from Fairhaven to Marshfield.

 

Road vehicles from the mainland cross over the Cape Cod Canal via the Sagamore Bridge and the Bourne Bridge. The two bridges are parallel, with the Bourne Bridge located slightly farther southwest. In addition, the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge carries railway freight as well as tourist passenger services.

Contents

[hide]

 

* 1 Geography and political divisions

o 1.1 "Upper" and "Lower"

* 2 Geology

* 3 Climate

* 4 Native population

* 5 History

* 6 Lighthouses of Cape Cod

* 7 Transportation

o 7.1 Bus

o 7.2 Rail

o 7.3 Taxi

* 8 Tourism

* 9 Sport fishing

* 10 Sports

* 11 Education

* 12 Islands off Cape Cod

* 13 See also

* 14 References

o 14.1 Notes

o 14.2 Sources

o 14.3 Further reading

* 15 External links

 

[edit] Geography and political divisions

Towns of Barnstable County

historical map of 1890

 

The highest elevation on Cape Cod is 306 feet (93 m), at the top of Pine Hill, in the Bourne portion of the Massachusetts Military Reservation. The lowest point is sea level.

 

The body of water located between Cape Cod and the mainland, bordered to the north by Massachusetts Bay, is Cape Cod Bay; west of Cape Cod is Buzzards Bay. The Cape Cod Canal, completed in 1916, connects Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay; it shortened the trade route between New York and Boston by 62 miles.[2] To the south of Cape Cod lie Nantucket Sound; Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, both large islands, and the mostly privately owned Elizabeth Islands.

 

Cape Cod incorporates all of Barnstable County, which comprises 15 towns: Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee, Barnstable, Yarmouth, Dennis, Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. Two of the county's fifteen towns (Bourne and Sandwich) include land on the mainland side of the Cape Cod Canal. The towns of Plymouth and Wareham, in adjacent Plymouth County, are sometimes considered to be part of Cape Cod but are not located on the island.

 

In the 17th century the designation Cape Cod applied only to the tip of the peninsula, essentially present-day Provincetown. Over the ensuing decades, the name came to mean all the land east of the Manomet and Scussett rivers - essentially the line of the 20th century Cape Cod Canal. Now, the complete towns of Bourne and Sandwich are widely considered to incorporate the full perimeter of Cape Cod, even though small parts of these towns are located on the west side of the canal. The canal divides the largest part of the peninsula from the mainland and the resultant landmass is sometimes referred to as an island.[3][4] Additionally some "Cape Codders" – residents of "The Cape" – refer to all land on the mainland side of the canal as "off-Cape."

 

For most of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, Cape Cod was considered to consist of three sections:

 

* The Upper Cape is the part of Cape Cod closest to the mainland, comprising the towns of Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee. Falmouth is the home of the famous Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and several other research organizations, and is also the most-used ferry connection to Martha's Vineyard. Falmouth is composed of several separate villages, including East Falmouth, Falmouth Village, Hatchville, North Falmouth, Teaticket, Waquoit, West Falmouth, and Woods Hole, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Davisville, Falmouth Heights, Quissett, Sippewissett, and others).[5]

 

* The Mid-Cape includes the towns of Barnstable, Yarmouth and Dennis. The Mid-Cape area features many beautiful beaches, including warm-water beaches along Nantucket Sound, e.g., Kalmus Beach in Hyannis, which gets its name from one of the inventors of Technicolor, Herbert Kalmus. This popular windsurfing destination was bequeathed to the town of Barnstable by Dr. Kalmus on condition that it not be developed, possibly one of the first instances of open-space preservation in the US. The Mid-Cape is also the commercial and industrial center of the region. There are seven villages in Barnstable, including Barnstable Village, Centerville, Cotuit, Hyannis, Marstons Mills, Osterville, and West Barnstable, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Craigville, Cummaquid, Hyannisport, Santuit, Wianno, and others).[6] There are three villages in Yarmouth: South Yarmouth, West Yarmouth and Yarmouthport. There are five villages in Dennis including, Dennis Village(North Dennis), East Dennis, West Dennis, South Dennis and Dennisport.[7]

 

* The Lower Cape traditionally included all of the rest of the Cape,or the towns of Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. This area includes the Cape Cod National Seashore, a national park comprising much of the outer Cape, including the entire east-facing coast, and is home to some of the most popular beaches in America, such as Coast Guard Beach and Nauset Light Beach in Eastham. Stephen Leatherman, aka "Dr. Beach", named Coast Guard Beach the 5th best beach in America for 2007.[8]

 

[edit] "Upper" and "Lower"

 

The terms "Upper" and "Lower" as applied to the Cape have nothing to do with north and south. Instead, they derive from maritime convention at the time when the principal means of transportation involved watercraft, and the prevailing westerly winds meant that a boat with sails traveling northeast in Cape Cod Bay would have the wind at its back and thus be going downwind, while a craft sailing southwest would be going against the wind, or upwind.[9] Similarly, on nearby Martha's Vineyard, "Up Island" still is the western section and "Down Island" is to the east, and in Maine, "Down East" is similarly defined by the winds and currents.

 

Over time, the reasons for the traditional nomenclature became unfamiliar and their meaning obscure. Late in the 1900s, new arrivals began calling towns from Eastham to Provincetown the "Outer Cape", yet another geographic descriptor which is still in use, as is the "Inner Cape."

[edit] Geology

Cape Cod and Cape Cod Bay from space.[10]

 

East of America, there stands in the open Atlantic the last fragment of an ancient and vanished land. Worn by the breakers and the rains, and disintegrated by the wind, it still stands bold.

“

”

Henry Beston, The Outermost House

 

Cape Cod forms a continuous archipelagic region with a thin line of islands stretching toward New York, historically known by naturalists as the Outer Lands. This continuity is due to the fact that the islands and Cape are all terminal glacial moraines laid down some 16,000 to 20,000 years ago.

 

Most of Cape Cod's geological history involves the advance and retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet in the late Pleistocene geological era and the subsequent changes in sea level. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, researchers have determined that around 23,000 years ago, the ice sheet reached its maximum southward advance over North America, and then started to retreat. Many "kettle ponds" — clear, cold lakes — were formed and remain on Cape Cod as a result of the receding glacier. By about 18,000 years ago, the ice sheet had retreated past Cape Cod. By roughly 15,000 years ago, it had retreated past southern New England. When so much of Earth's water was locked up in massive ice sheets, the sea level was lower. Truro's bayside beaches used to be a petrified forest, before it became a beach.

 

As the ice began to melt, the sea began to rise. Initially, sea level rose quickly, about 15 meters (50 ft) per 1,000 years, but then the rate declined. On Cape Cod, sea level rose roughly 3 meters (11 ft) per millennium between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago. After that, it continued to rise at about 1 meter (3 ft) per millennium. By 6,000 years ago, the sea level was high enough to start eroding the glacial deposits that the vanished continental ice sheet had left on Cape Cod. The water transported the eroded deposits north and south along the outer Cape's shoreline. Those reworked sediments that moved north went to the tip of Cape Cod.

 

Provincetown Spit, at the northern end of the Cape, consists largely of marine deposits, transported from farther up the shore. Sediments that moved south created the islands and shoals of Monomoy. So while other parts of the Cape have dwindled from the action of the waves, these parts of the Cape have grown.

Cape Cod National Seashore

 

This process continues today. Due to their position jutting out into the Atlantic Ocean, the Cape and islands are subject to massive coastal erosion. Geologists say that, due to erosion, the Cape will be completely submerged by the sea in thousands of years.[11] This erosion causes the washout of beaches and the destruction of the barrier islands; for example, the ocean broke through the barrier island at Chatham during Hurricane Bob in 1991, allowing waves and storm surges to hit the coast with no obstruction. Consequently, the sediment and sand from the beaches is being washed away and deposited elsewhere. While this destroys land in some places, it creates land elsewhere, most noticeably in marshes where sediment is deposited by waters running through them.

[edit] Climate

 

Although Cape Cod's weather[12] is typically more moderate than inland locations, there have been occasions where Cape Cod has dealt with the brunt of extreme weather situations (such as the Blizzard of 1954 and Hurricane of 1938). Because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, temperatures are typically a few degrees cooler in the summer and a few degrees warmer in the winter. A common misconception is that the climate is influenced largely by the warm Gulf Stream current, however that current turns eastward off the coast of Virginia and the waters off the Cape are more influenced by the cold Canadian Labrador Current. As a result, the ocean temperature rarely gets above 65 °F (18 °C), except along the shallow west coast of the Upper Cape.

 

The Cape's climate is also notorious for a delayed spring season, being surrounded by an ocean which is still cold from the winter; however, it is also known for an exceptionally mild fall season (Indian summer), thanks to the ocean remaining warm from the summer. The highest temperature ever recorded on Cape Cod was 104 °F (40 °C) in Provincetown[13], and the lowest temperature ever was −12 °F (−24.4 °C) in Barnstable.[14]

 

The water surrounding Cape Cod moderates winter temperatures enough to extend the USDA hardiness zone 7a to its northernmost limit in eastern North America.[15] Even though zone 7a (annual low = 0–5 degrees Fahrenheit) signifies no sub-zero temperatures annually, there have been several instances of temperatures reaching a few degrees below zero across the Cape (although it is rare, usually 1–5 times a year, typically depending on locale, sometimes not at all). Consequently, many plant species typically found in more southerly latitudes grow there, including Camellias, Ilex opaca, Magnolia grandiflora and Albizia julibrissin.

 

Precipitation on Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket is the lowest in the New England region, averaging slightly less than 40 inches (1,000 mm) a year (most parts of New England average 42–46 inches). This is due to storm systems which move across western areas, building up in mountainous regions, and dissipating before reaching the coast where the land has leveled out. The region does not experience a greater number of sunny days however, as the number of cloudy days is the same as inland locales, in addition to increased fog. Snowfall is annual, but a lot less common than the rest of Massachusetts. On average, 30 inches of snow, which is a foot less than Boston, falls in an average winter. Snow is usually light, and comes in squalls on cold days. Storms that bring blizzard conditions and snow emergencies to the mainland, bring devastating ice storms or just heavy rains more frequently than large snow storms.

[hide]Climate data for Cape Cod

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average high °C (°F) 2.06

(35.7) 2.5

(36.5) 6.22

(43.2) 11.72

(53.1) 16.94

(62.5) 23.5

(74.3) 26.39

(79.5) 26.67

(80.0) 25.06

(77.1) 18.39

(65.1) 12.56

(54.6) 5.44

(41.8) 26.67

(80.0)

Average low °C (°F) -5.33

(22.4) -5

(23.0) -1.33

(29.6) 2.72

(36.9) 8.72

(47.7) 14.61

(58.3) 19.22

(66.6) 20.28

(68.5) 15.56

(60.0) 9.94

(49.9) 3.94

(39.1) -2.22

(28.0) -5.33

(22.4)

Precipitation mm (inches) 98

(3.86) 75.4

(2.97) 95

(3.74) 92.5

(3.64) 83.6

(3.29) 76.7

(3.02) 62.2

(2.45) 65

(2.56) 74.7

(2.94) 84.8

(3.34) 90.7

(3.57) 92.7

(3.65) 990.9

(39.01)

Source: World Meteorological Organisation (United Nations) [16]

[edit] Native population

 

Cape Cod has been the home of the Wampanoag tribe of Native American people for many centuries. They survived off the sea and were accomplished farmers. They understood the principles of sustainable forest management, and were known to light controlled fires to keep the underbrush in check. They helped the Pilgrims, who arrived in the fall of 1620, survive at their new Plymouth Colony. At the time, the dominant group was the Kakopee, known for their abilities at fishing. They were the first Native Americans to use large casting nets. Early colonial settlers recorded that the Kakopee numbered nearly 7,000.

 

Shortly after the Pilgrims arrived, the chief of the Kakopee, Mogauhok, attempted to make a treaty limiting colonial settlements. The effort failed after he succumbed to smallpox in 1625. Infectious diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza caused the deaths of many other Kakopee and Wampanoag. They had no natural immunity to Eurasian diseases by then endemic among the English and other Europeans. Today, the only reminder of the Kakopee is a small public recreation area in Barnstable named for them. A historic marker notes the burial site of Mogauhok near Truro, although the location is conjecture.

 

While contractors were digging test wells in the eastern Massachusetts Military Reservation area, they discovered an archeological find.[citation needed] Excavation revealed the remains of a Kakopee village in Forestdale, a location in Sandwich. Researchers found a totem with a painted image of Mogauhok, portrayed in his chief's cape and brooch. The totem was discovered on property on Grand Oak Road. It is the first evidence other than colonial accounts of his role as an important Kakopee leader.

 

The Indians lost their lands through continued purchase and expropriation by the English colonists. The documentary Natives of the Narrowland (1993), narrated by actress Julie Harris, shows the history of the Wampanoag people through Cape Cod archaeological sites.

 

In 1974, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council was formed to articulate the concerns of those with Native American ancestry. They petitioned the federal government in 1975 and again in 1990 for official recognition of the Mashpee Wampanoag as a tribe. In May 2007, the Wampanoag tribe was finally federally recognized as a tribe.[17]

[edit] History

Cranberry picking in 1906

 

Cape Cod was a landmark for early explorers. It may have been the "Promontory of Vinland" mentioned by the Norse voyagers (985-1025). Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 approached it from the south. He named Martha's Vineyard Claudia, after the mother of the King of France.[18] The next year the explorer Esteban Gómez called it Cape St. James.

 

In 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold named it Cape Cod, the surviving term and the ninth oldest English place-name in the U.S.[19] Samuel de Champlain charted its sand-silted harbors in 1606 and Henry Hudson landed there in 1609. Captain John Smith noted it on his map of 1614 and at last the Pilgrims entered the "Cape Harbor" and – contrary to the popular myth of Plymouth Rock – made their first landing near present-day Provincetown on November 11, 1620. Nearby, in what is now Eastham, they had their first encounter with Native Americans.

 

Cape Cod was among the first places settled by the English in North America. Aside from Barnstable (1639), Sandwich (1637) and Yarmouth (1639), the Cape's fifteen towns developed slowly. The final town to be established on the Cape was Bourne in 1884.[20] Provincetown was a group of huts until the 18th century. A channel from Massachusetts Bay to Buzzards Bay is shown on Southack's map of 1717. The present Cape Cod Canal was slowly developed from 1870 to 1914. The Federal government purchased it in 1928.

 

Thanks to early colonial settlement and intensive land use, by the time Henry Thoreau saw Cape Cod during his four visits over 1849 to 1857[21], its vegetation was depauperate and trees were scarce. As the settlers heated by fires, and it took 10 to 20 cords (40 to 80 m³) of wood to heat a home, they cleared most of Cape Cod of timber early on. They planted familiar crops, but these were unsuited to Cape Cod's thin, glacially derived soils. For instance, much of Eastham was planted to wheat. The settlers practiced burning of woodlands to release nutrients into the soil. Improper and intensive farming led to erosion and the loss of topsoil. Farmers grazed their cattle on the grassy dunes of coastal Massachusetts, only to watch "in horror as the denuded sands `walked' over richer lands, burying cultivated fields and fences." Dunes on the outer Cape became more common and many harbors filled in with eroded soils.[22]

 

By 1800, most of Cape Cod's firewood had to be transported by boat from Maine. The paucity of vegetation was worsened by the raising of merino sheep that reached its peak in New England around 1840. The early industrial revolution, which occurred through much of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, mostly bypassed Cape Cod due to a lack of significant water power in the area. As a result, and also because of its geographic position, the Cape developed as a large fishing and whaling center. After 1860 and the opening of the American West, farmers abandoned agriculture on the Cape. By 1950 forests had recovered to an extent not seen since the 18th century.

 

Cape Cod became a summer haven for city dwellers beginning at the end of the 19th century. Improved rail transportation made the towns of the Upper Cape, such as Bourne and Falmouth, accessible to Bostonians. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Northeastern mercantile elite built many large, shingled "cottages" along Buzzards Bay. The relaxed summer environment offered by Cape Cod was highlighted by writers including Joseph C. Lincoln, who published novels and countless short stories about Cape Cod folks in popular magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post and the Delineator.

 

Guglielmo Marconi made the first transatlantic wireless transmission originating in the United States from Cape Cod, at Wellfleet. The beach from which he transmitted has since been called Marconi Beach. In 1914 he opened the maritime wireless station WCC in Chatham. It supported the communications of Amelia Earhart, Howard Hughes, Admiral Byrd, and the Hindenburg. Marconi chose Chatham due to its vantage point on the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded on three sides by water. Walter Cronkite narrated a 17-minute documentary in 2005 about the history of the Chatham Station.

 

Much of the East-facing Atlantic seacoast of Cape Cod consists of wide, sandy beaches. In 1961, a significant portion of this coastline, already slated for housing subdivisions, was made a part of the Cape Cod National Seashore by President John F. Kennedy. It was protected from private development and preserved for public use. Large portions are open to the public, including the Marconi Site in Wellfleet. This is a park encompassing the site of the first two-way transoceanic radio transmission from the United States. (Theodore Roosevelt used Marconi's equipment for this transmission).

 

The Kennedy Compound in Hyannisport was President Kennedy's summer White House during his presidency. The Kennedy family continues to maintain residences on the compound. Other notable residents of Cape Cod have included actress Julie Harris, US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis, figure skater Todd Eldredge, and novelists Norman Mailer and Kurt Vonnegut. Influential natives included the patriot James Otis, historian and writer Mercy Otis Warren, jurist Lemuel Shaw, and naval officer John Percival.

[edit] Lighthouses of Cape Cod

Race Point Lighthouse in Provincetown (1876)

 

Lighthouses, from ancient times, have fascinated members of the human race. There is something about a lighted beacon that suggests hope and trust and appeals to the better instincts of mankind.

“

”

Edward Rowe Snow

 

Due to its dangerous constantly moving shoals, Cape Cod's shores have featured beacons which warn ships of the danger since very early in its history. There are numerous working lighthouses on Cape Cod and the Islands, including Highland Light, Nauset Light, Chatham Light, Race Point Light, and Nobska Light, mostly operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The exception is Nauset Light, which was decommissioned in 1996 and is now maintained by the Nauset Light Preservation Society under the auspices of Cape Cod National Seashore. These lighthouses are frequently photographed symbols of Cape Cod.

 

Others include:

 

Upper Cape: Wings Neck

 

Mid Cape: Sandy Neck, South Hyannis, Lewis Bay, Bishop and Clerks, Bass River

 

Lower Cape: Wood End, Long Point, Monomoy, Stage Harbor, Pamet, Mayo Beach, Billingsgate, Three Sisters, Nauset, Highland

[edit] Transportation

 

Cape Cod is connected to the mainland by a pair of canal-spanning highway bridges from Bourne and Sagamore that were constructed in the 1930s, and a vertical-lift railroad bridge. The limited number of access points to the peninsula can result in large traffic backups during the tourist season.

 

The entire Cape is roughly bisected lengthwise by U.S. Route 6, locally known as the Mid-Cape Highway and officially as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway.

 

Commercial air service to Cape Cod operates out of Barnstable Municipal Airport and Provincetown Municipal Airport. Several bus lines service the Cape. There are ferry connections from Boston to Provincetown, as well as from Hyannis and Woods Hole to the islands.

 

Cape Cod has a public transportation network comprising buses operated by three different companies, a rail line, taxis and paratransit services.

The Bourne Bridge over the Cape Cod Canal, with the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge in the background

[edit] Bus

 

Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority operates a year-round public bus system comprising three long distance routes and a local bus in Hyannis and Barnstable Village. From mid June until October, additional local routes are added in Falmouth and Provincetown. CCRTA also operates Barnstable County's ADA required paratransit (dial-a-ride) service, under the name "B-Bus."

 

Long distance bus service is available through Plymouth and Brockton Street Railway, with regular service to Boston and Logan Airport, as well as less frequent service to Provincetown. Peter Pan Bus Lines also runs long distance service to Providence T.F. Green Airport and New York City.

[edit] Rail

 

Regular passenger rail service through Cape Cod ended in 1959, quite possibly on June 30 of that year. In 1978, the tracks east of South Dennis were abandoned and replaced with the very popular bicycle path, known as the Cape Cod Rail Trail. Another bike path, the Shining Sea Bikeway, was built over tracks between Woods Hole and Falmouth in 1975; construction to extend this path to North Falmouth over 6.3 miles (10.1 km) of inactive rail bed began in April 2008[23] and ended in early 2009. Active freight service remains in the Upper Cape area in Sandwich and in Bourne, largely due to a trash transfer station located at Massachusetts Military Reservation along the Bourne-Falmouth rail line. In 1986, Amtrak ran a seasonal service in the summer from New York City to Hyannis called the Cape Codder. From 1988, Amtrak and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation increased service to a daily frequency.[24] Since its demise in 1996, there have been periodic discussions about reinstating passenger rail service from Boston to reduce car traffic to and from the Cape, with officials in Bourne seeking to re-extend MBTA Commuter Rail service from Middleboro to Buzzards Bay[25], despite a reluctant Beacon Hill legislature.

 

Cape Cod Central Railroad operates passenger train service on Cape Cod. The service is primarily tourist oriented and includes a dinner train. The scenic route between Downtown Hyannis and the Cape Cod Canal is about 2½ hours round trip. Massachusetts Coastal Railroad is also planning to return passenger railroad services eventually to the Bourne-Falmouth rail line in the future. An August 5, 2009 article on the New England Cable News channel, entitled South Coast rail project a priority for Mass. lawmakers, mentions a $1.4-billion railroad reconstruction plan by Governor Deval Patrick, and could mean rebuilding of old rail lines on the Cape. On November 21, 2009, the town of Falmouth saw its first passenger train in 12 years, a set of dinner train cars from Cape Cod Central. And a trip from the Mass Bay Railroad Enthusiasts on May 15, 2010 revealed a second trip along the Falmouth line.

[edit] Taxi

 

Taxicabs are plentiful, with several different companies operating out of different parts of the Cape. Except at the airport and some bus terminals with taxi stands, cabs must be booked ahead of time, with most operators preferring two to three hours notice. Cabs cannot be "hailed" anywhere in Barnstable County, this was outlawed in the early nineties after several robbery attempts on drivers.

 

Most companies utilize a New York City-style taximeter and charge based on distance plus an initial fee of $2 to $3. In Provincetown, cabs charge a flat fare per person anywhere in the town.

[edit] Tourism

Hyannis Harbor on Nantucket Sound

 

Although Cape Cod has a year-round population of about 230,000, it experiences a tourist season each summer, the beginning and end of which can be roughly approximated as Memorial Day and Labor Day, respectively. Many businesses are specifically targeted to summer visitors, and close during the eight to nine months of the "off season" (although the "on season" has been expanding somewhat in recent years due to Indian Summer, reduced lodging rates, and the number of people visiting the Cape after Labor Day who either have no school-age children, and the elderly, reducing the true "off season" to six or seven months). In the late 20th century, tourists and owners of second homes began visiting the Cape more and more in the spring and fall, softening the definition of the high season and expanding it somewhat (see above). Some particularly well-known Cape products and industries include cranberries, shellfish (particularly oysters and clams) and lobstering.

 

Provincetown, at the tip of Cape Cod, also berths several whale watching fleets who patrol the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Most fleets guarantee a whale sighting (mostly humpback whale, fin whale, minke whale, sei whale, and critically endangered, the North Atlantic Right Whale), and one is the only federally certified operation qualified to rescue whales. Provincetown has also long been known as an art colony, attracting writers and artists. The town is home to the Cape's most attended art museum, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum. Many hotels and resorts are friendly to or cater to gay and lesbian tourists and it is known as a gay mecca in the summer.[26]

 

Cape Cod is a popular destination for beachgoers from all over. With 559.6 miles (900.6 km) of coastline, beaches, both public and private, are easily accessible. The Cape has upwards of sixty public beaches, many of which offer parking for non-residents for a daily fee (in summer). The Cape Cod National Seashore has 40 miles (64 km) of sandy beach and many walking paths.

 

Cape Cod is also popular for its outdoor activities like beach walking, biking, boating, fishing, go-karts, golfing, kayaking, miniature golf, and unique shopping. There are 27 public, daily-fee golf courses and 15 private courses on Cape Cod.[27] Bed and breakfasts or vacation houses are often used for lodging.

 

Each summer the Naukabout Music Festival is held at the Barnstable County Fair Grounds located in East Falmouth,(typically) during the first weekend of August. This Music festival features local, regional and national talent along with food, arts and family friendly activities.

[edit] Sport fishing

 

Cape Cod is known around the world as a spring-to-fall destination for sport anglers. Among the species most widely pursued are striped bass, bluefish, bluefin tuna, false albacore (little tunny), bonito, tautog, flounder and fluke. The Cape Cod Bay side of the Cape, from Sandwich to Provincetown, has several harbors, saltwater creeks, and shoals that hold bait fish and attract the larger game fish, such as striped bass, bluefish and bluefin tuna.

 

The outer edge of the Cape, from Provincetown to Falmouth, faces the open Atlantic from Provincetown to Chatham, and then the more protected water of Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, from Chatham to Falmouth. The bays, harbors and shoals along this coastline also provide a robust habitat for game species, and during the late summer months warm-water species such as mahi-mahi and marlin will also appear on the southern edge of Cape Cod's waters. Nearly every harbor on Cape Cod hosts sport fishing charter boats, which run from May through October.[28]

[edit] Sports

 

The Cape has nine amateur baseball franchises playing within Barnstable County in the Cape Cod Baseball League. The Wareham Gatemen also play in the Cape Cod Baseball League in nearby Wareham, Massachusetts in Plymouth County. The league originated 1923, although intertown competition traces to 1866. Teams in the league are the Bourne Braves, Brewster Whitecaps, Chatham Anglers (formerly the Chatham Athletics), Cotuit Kettleers, Falmouth Commodores, Harwich Mariners, Hyannis Harbor Hawks (formerly the Hyannis Mets), Orleans Firebirds (formerly the Orleans Cardinals), Wareham Gatemen and the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. Pro ball scouts frequent the games in the summer, looking for stars of the future.

 

Cape Cod is also a national hot bed for baseball and hockey. Along with the Cape Cod Baseball League and the new Junior Hockey League team, the Cape Cod Cubs, many high school players are being seriously recruited as well. Barnstable and Harwich have each sent multiple players to Division 1 colleges for baseball, Harwich has also won three State titles in the past 12 years (1996, 2006, 2007). Bourne and Sandwich, known rivals in hockey have won state championships recently. Bourne in 2004, and Sandwich in 2007. Nauset, Barnstable, and Martha's Vineyard are also state hockey powerhouses. Barnstable and Falmouth also hold the title of having one of the longest Thanksgiving football rivalries in the country. The teams have played each other every year on the Thanksgiving since 1895. The Bourne and Barnstable girl's volleyball teams are two of the best teams in the state and Barnstable in the country. With Bourne winning the State title in 2003 and 2007. In the past 15 years, Barnstable has won 12 Division 1 State titles and has won the state title the past two years.

 

The Cape also is home to the Cape Cod Frenzy, a team in the American Basketball Association.

 

Soccer on Cape Cod is represented by the Cape Cod Crusaders, playing in the USL Premier Development League (PDL) soccer based in Hyannis. In addition, a summer Cape Cod Adult Soccer League (CCASL) is active in several towns on the Cape.

 

Cape Cod is also the home of the Cape Cod Cubs, a new junior league hockey team that is based out of Hyannis at the new communtiy center being built of Bearses Way.

 

The end of each summer is marked with the running of the world famous Falmouth Road Race which is held on the 3rd Saturday in August. It draws about 10,000 runners to the Cape and showcases the finest runners in the world (mainly for the large purse that the race is able to offer). The race is 7.2 miles (11.6 km) long, which is a non-standard distance. The reason for the unusual distance is that the man who thought the race up (Tommy Leonard) was a bartender who wanted a race along the coast from one bar (The Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole) to another (The Brothers Four in Falmouth Heights). While the bar in Falmouth Heights is no longer there, the race still starts at the front door of the Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole and now finishes at the beach in Falmouth Heights. Prior to the Falmouth race is an annual 5-mile (8.0 km) race through Brewster called the Brew Run, held early in August.

[edit] Education

 

Each town usually consists of a few elementary schools, one or two middle schools and one large public high school that services the entire town. Exceptions to this include Dennis-Yarmouth Regional High School located in Yarmouth which services both the town of Yarmouth as well as Dennis and Nauset Regional High School located in Eastham which services the town of Brewster, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown (optional). Bourne High School is the public school for students residing in the town of Bourne, which is gathered from villages in Bourne, including Sagamore, Sagamore Beach, and Buzzards Bay. Barnstable High School is the largest high school and is known for its girls' volleyball team which have been state champions a total of 12 times. Barnstable High School also boasts one of the country's best high school drama clubs which were awarded with a contract by Warner Brothers to created a documentary in webisode format based on their production of Wizard of Oz. Sturgis Charter Public School is a public school in Hyannis which was featured in Newsweek's Magazine's "Best High Schools" ranking. It ranked 28th in the country and 1st in the state of Massachusetts in the 2009 edition and ranked 43rd and 55th in the 2008 and 2007 edition, respectively. Sturgis offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in their junior and senior year and is open to students as far as Plymouth. The Cape also contains two vocational high schools. One is the Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Harwich and the other is Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical High School located in Bourne. Lastly, Mashpee High School is home to the Mashpee Chapter of (SMPTE,) the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. This chapter is the first and only high school chapter in the world to be a part of this organization and has received much recognition within the Los Angeles broadcasting industry as a result. The officers of this group who have made history are listed below:

 

* President: Ryan D. Stanley '11

* Vice-President Kenneth J. Peters '13

* Treasurer Eric N. Bergquist '11

* Secretary Andrew L. Medlar '11

 

In addition to public schools, Cape Cod has a wide range of private schools. The town of Barnstable has Trinity Christian Academy, Cape Cod Academy, St. Francis Xavier Preparatory School, and Pope John Paul II High School. Bourne offers the Waldorf School of Cape Cod, Orleans offers the Lighthouse Charter School for elementary and middle school students, and Falmouth offers Falmouth Academy. Riverview School is located in East Sandwich and is a special co-ed boarding school which services students as old as 22 who have learning disabilities. Another specialized school is the Penikese Island School located on Penikese Island, part of the Elizabeth Islands off southwestern Cape Cod, which services struggling and troubled teenage boys.

 

Cape Cod also contains two institutions of higher education. One is the Cape Cod Community College located in West Barnstable, Barnstable. The other is Massachusetts Maritime Academy in Buzzards Bay, Bourne. Massachusetts Maritime Academy is the oldest continuously operating maritime college in the United States.

[edit] Islands off Cape Cod

 

Like Cape Cod itself, the islands south of the Cape have evolved from whaling and trading areas to resort destinations, attracting wealthy families, celebrities, and other tourists. The islands include Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, as well as Forbes family-owned Naushon Island, which was purchased by John Murray Forbes with profits from opium dealing in the China trade during the Opium War. Naushon is one of the Elizabeth Islands, many of which are privately owned. One of the publicly accessible Elizabeths is the southernmost island in the chain, Cuttyhunk, with a year-round population of 52 people. Several prominent families have established compounds or estates on the larger islands, making these islands some of the wealthiest resorts in the Northeast, yet they retain much of the early merchant trading and whaling culture.

 

「毎日新聞に学ぶ「売春で捕まらないための11の方法」

news.livedoor.com/article/detail/3705775/

 

読者から驚きのタレ込みを頂いた。日本やアジアの国のおもしろおかしい情報を扱っている海外の大規模なサイトが、

毎日新聞のHENTAI記事を元に「わずかなお金でロリコンの男性が、日本でロリータのように見える女性と遊ぶ方法」を提供していたのだ。

 

このサイト、「Japundit」というのだが、ページの評価を示すGoogleページランクは5であり(日本ではネタフル、

GIGAZINEなどがページランク5である)、かなり大きな媒体であることが分かる。下記にその内容を翻訳したものを示す。

 

１．未成年は避ける。

２．メールで顔文字や絵文字を多く使う少女は避ける。

３．少女に年齢を教えてくれるようにし向け、18歳以上であると明記したメールを送って貰う。

４．待ち合わせ場所には、待ち合わせ時間よりも早く行く。

５．少女があなたの好みかどうかを隠れた場所からチェックし、少女があなたがいない間に何をしているかを観察する。

６．待ち合わせの場所を前もって訪れておき、逃走ルートを確保しておく。

７．少女が未成年だった場合、友達が近くにいて彼女がそれを終えて帰ってくるのを待っている場合があるので気をつける。

８．少女が美人局の場合は、男が近くにいる場合がある。

９．美人局は、近くのファミレスやコンビニで待っていることが多いので、疑わしいと感じたらその場所をチェックしろ。

１０．ホテルに行く時はかならず別々に入り、できれば出る時も別々に出た方が良い。

１１．車で行く時はナンバーを覚えられないように、離れた場所に駐車せよ。

 

「Japundit」の記事はこれで終わっているが、毎日新聞のHENTAI記事の方は「もしこれで捕まっても、正直に話せば少額の罰金で済む。

それに家族や恋人、会社にもバレないよ」と書いてある。 」

 

Can not forgive their attitude.

I sent them a letter.

 

Dear Members of the Open Newspaper Committee,

 

I have learned that Mainichi Newspaper has been distributing unreliable gossip articles mostly including sexual non-true "Japanese customs" through the world wide web for more than 7 years.

I have seen some of the articles and it is way beyond awful, which makes the people around the world misunderstand Japan and the Japanese and it is insulting.

 

I do feel a lot of anger towards these acts and I do not think the current measures taken by Mainichi is enough to only suspend the reporter for 3 months , and some tiny salary cut (0.83% of annual salary) for the General Manager and Managing Director.

The term "Manage" is to manage the whole web site and it was obvious that it was very wrongly managed.

 

I have learned that Mainichi has put some "meta keywords" or "tags" for the readers to let find the waiwai site easily, to my shock, the keywords included words like "hentai", "geisha", "sex", and more, which Mainichi have deleted already, and to my knowledge have not disclosed to the public the fact that these keywords were written in Mainichi web site and Mainichi have deleted this secretly.

Mainichi even tagged the word "hentai" to the articles related to the Emperors family, when the Constitutions say the Emperor is the symbol for Japan, I assume Mainichi is insulting the whole country, Japan.

 

I have read that the rape crime against Japanese women has been increasing since 2001 when waiwai started their vulgar articles.

 

The following is another article based on Mainichi's report.

This might cause war between Japan and Ecuador, Belarus or Kenya, it certainly would not please the people in these countries and it is a threat to the peace of this globe.

 

”

mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp/waiwai/archive/news/2003/07/200307...

 

Outbound travel has been hit hard this year by such factors as the war on Iraq and the SARS outbreak, but plenty of Japanese have headed overseas on underground tours involving sex, slavery and savagery, according to Tokusatsu Shinsengumi.

 

For Japanese men sick of plying professionals, there are always the rape brokers of Vietnam - touts who'll apparently drag a woman off the streets so a Japanese man can violate her.

 

In Ecuador, Japanese can, according to the men's weekly, hunt for children in a different manner as they are armed with a rifle and permitted to track down a youth let loose in the jungle. About 10 Japanese have so far taken part in the tours, with only three getting a shot off at their target and no fatalities reported.

 

Japanese are tapping into the underground in European countries, too. Belarus attracts a monthly gathering of people from all over the world for its sickening slave auctions.

 

"Customers are looking for something different these days, right? Eastern Europeans or South Americans just aren't good enough any more. So, I decided to get myself some black women. A coordinator I know told me about the slave auctions in Africa and asked if I was interested in taking part. The coordinator's job is to bring foreign women to Japan. He said he was going to the auction again. I thought it looked interesting, so decided to tag along with him," the operator of an Osaka bordello tells Tokusatsu Shinsengumi. "It was held in Kenya. They brought out over a dozen young men and women and lined 'em all up in front of us like they were products. I asked who they were and was told they were all people badly in debt. Just looking at what was going on, I couldn't possibly buy anybody. I came home empty handed, but I've heard of sex businesses in Japan that use slaves. If they ever got picked up, there'd be an almighty uproar.""

  

I strongly suggest that Mainichi will have statement to "review and correct" these articles and not just deleting them but display and distribute such correction for more than the period that these crazy articles have been in place, more than 7 years.

 

I will blog this around the world until Mainichi would respond in a serious and sincere way to the public in English and Japanese language, not to me.

 

The fact that Mainichi has mislead the world, instead of spreading the truth which is a special role for journalists, is a huge mistake and Mainichi will have to "reborn" and take these back from the world in every possible way that they can.

 

I do have another concern that the Members of the committee is consisted of pro-Mainichi people, but my hope is that the Members would seek for the truth and act like a real journalist, for the only way that Mainichi would survive.

Not hide what was wrong but disclose, review and correct.

 

Lastly let me add that the Japanese Mainichi site includes far the most sexual articles among the Japanese newspapers, Asahi, Yomiuri, Nikkei and Mainichi, and this Japanese site including these sexual articles are easily "linked" from the "Mainichi Elementary School Newspaper"site.

Again please do not "delete and hide" but "review, apologize and correct" the situation there as well.

 

Thank you for paying attention to my sincere e-mail letter.

 

Best regards,

 

Reader of Mainichi Newspaper

J'ai appris ce magnifique modèle au M.F.P.P. Paris. j'aime ce porte-monnaie pour plusieurs raisons la première : le design géométrique, la seconde : le format A , un des format les plus courant, la troisième : la simplicité des étapes., et la quatrième : ce modèle se pli en moins de 3 min, J'adore :). Le flickr de Hans-Werner Guth : www.flickr.com/photos/hwguth/https://www.flickr.com/photo...

 

I learned this wonderful model from M.F.P.P. Paris. I like this wallet for several reasons the first: the geometric design, the second: the format A, one of the most common format, the third: the simplicity of the steps., and the fourth: this model folds less of 3 min, I love :). The flickr of Hans-Werner Guth: www.flickr.com/photos/hwguth/https://www.flickr.com/photo...

It may seem like a big yellow hairstyle too often preferable for the majority of the ladies can not say goodbye to former hair color.

However, sometimes they may have different ideas. The new model will be an alternative to Brown Hair Do not give up hair color was collected in this article.

We...

 

www.brillianthairstyles.com/brown-hair-color-for-2015.html

Article in the January 2023 issue of Playdolls Magazine. This month's store: Von Fyrsten.

I take only one acception to one word in this article......the word "Dummies"

Watertown, NY. August 2016.

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If you would like to use THIS picture in any sort of media elsewhere (such as newspaper or article), please send me a Flickrmail or send me an email at natehenderson6@gmail.com

(more details later, as time permits)

 

************************

 

In late May of 2014, my wife mentioned that she had seen a New York Times article indicating that some interesting sculptures were being installed in Riverside Park South — the stretch of Riverside Park (along the Hudson River, on the western edge of Manhattan) between 70th Street and 59th Street. If you’re interested in checking it out, the article is titled "Sculptors to bring works to city parks,” from the May 29, 2014 issue of the paper.

 

Of course, I thought that the sculptures might be really interesting, and thus worthy of some photographs; alas, they turned out to be rather mundane (at least from a photographer’s perspective), but there was no way I could know that until I saw them first-hand.

 

I had been down to this section of Riverside Park once before to photograph — but I was shocked to see that it had been four years earlier, in May 2010. If you’re curious, you can see those photos here on Flickr:

 

www.flickr.com/photos/yourdon/sets/72157624207637080

 

Here’s an excerpt/summary of what I wrote after that initial May 2010 photo-stroll:

 

"After lunch [at an outdoor cafe at the base of the pier that extends out into the Hudson River at 70th Street], I was planning to walk north and check out the new pathway [connecting Riverside Park to Riverside Park North] ... but first, there was an old abandoned freight elevator at the edge of the water, which I decided I should photograph. It was just to the south of the 70th-Street cafe, and after taking the photos, I looked a little further south, and saw that there was a broad pathway, carefully mowed grass, and lots of people strolling ... where? further south!

 

"So I followed the path, and found that it expanded into a complex web of sidewalks, mini-gardens, mini-piers jutting out into the river, wooden-slat chairs, picnic benches, and boardwalks leading through wild grass and flowers that had been carefully planted. All of this continued, block after block after block, down below the elevated West Side Highway, all the way down to 59th Street. And it turns out that that is where "Riverside Park South" actually starts.

 

"So that's where most of the photos in this set were actually taken. There are some strange sights along the way, because the whole area used to be occupied by working piers that loaded and unloaded ships filled with freight and cargo, on and off railroads that snaked their way along the west side of Manhattan. But as ship-borne cargo was gradually replaced by truck, rail, and air cargo, the piers and docks gradually fell into disuse; and when the Penn Central Railroad went bankrupt, they really fell into disuse.

 

"It turns out that there was a massive fire along this area back in June of 1971 (a time when I lived in the Park Slope section of Brooklyn, and was more-or-less oblivious to what was going on in Manhattan), and the fire was so hot that it melted and warped the steel girders of many of the docks, cranes, and loading structures. When the whole area was renovated recently (apparently part of a required "civic contribution" by Donald Trump when he acquired the rights to build condos and apartment buildings along the stretch of the far West Side of Manhattan, from 72nd Street to the mid-60s), the city planners initially intended to remove all of the old twisted metal and rotting wooden piers. But local civic groups prevailed upon the city to leave some of it intact, as a reminder of what was there before... I could go on with more details, but you can check it out for yourself here on Wikipedia…”

 

So, now — in early June of 2014 — I took only a few photos, including two out on the pier that extends into the river at 70th Street. You’ll get a sense of the grass and the trees and the spring season that lent a magical air to everything in the park at that point. But as for the sculptures: yawn. Maybe if I was a “real” artist, I would be better equipped to understand and appreciate them. Maybe the problem is that I really only know how to do “street photography.” Anyway, I’ll leave the sculptures to someone else to capture...

Article complet sur : militaryphotoreport.blogspot.fr/2017/11/exercice-humieres...

 

Et magazine photo bientôt disponible sur www.military-photo-report.com

Article: Ridley, G.S. (1991). The New Zealand species of Amanita (Fungi: Agaricales). Australian Systematic Botany 4(2): 325-354.

Description: Basidiocarps small to large, solitary to subgregarious. Pileus 40-115 mm, convex to plano-convex, or plano-conical, margin inflexed, appendiculate (less so in older specimens), pale luteous ochreous, occasionally with slight rosy buff tinge, dry, possibly subviscid when wet, tending to split into large, fleshy squamules, volva remnants on disc conical to broadly conical warts, becoming smaller, subfelted crumbs towards margin, pale luteous, to ochreous at the tip. Lamellae crowded, free, 7-12 mm wide, smooth to slightly floccose margin, very pale buff; lamellulae gradually attenuate. Stipe 50-120 mm high, 10-18 mm diameter, solid, from bulbous base, 28-42 mm diameter, surface above annulus floccose, striate, flushed rosy buff, below annulus fibrillose, pale luteous, becoming finely scaled towards base, at base scales becoming larger, slightly recurved, and palisade-like, usually flushed rosy buff. Annulus membranous, striate, tearing unevenly, pale luteous. Context of pileus and stipe unchanging, white to very pale buff.

Spore print white. Basidiospores (85/8), 8-12 x (6.5-)8-10.5 µm, Qm 1.09, Q 1.00-1.25(-1.38), globose to broadly ellipsoid (to ellipsoid), hyaline, amyloid. Basidia 46-86 x 9-16 µm, 4-spored, not clamped. Lamella margin cells numerous, 18-5-47.5 x 14.5-31.5 µm, globose, clavate, sphaeropedunculate, hyaline. Pileipellis consisting of 85-140 µm wide, slightly gelatinised suprapellis, and dense, non-gelatinised subpellis. Volva remnants composed of globose, ellipsoid or clavate cells, 8.5-159 x 8.5-68 µm, hyaline, becoming smaller towards tip of wart, mixed with abundant, branching hyphae, 5-17 µm wide; tending to vertically orientated, and clamps absent.

"my picture" ...well it is from my Flickr account but if truth be known, Paula clicked the picture.

 

I am in the picture

 

Down Recorder 22 January 2025 - documenting the great fundraising achievements at Sunflower Cottage his year!

You can read my Article on how to shoot fireworks here at Bokeh by DigitalRev

Published on Pitchfork.

 

IMG_0575_Radiohead

Gaga

The March issue is out and the building paintings are looking great!

 

www.spur.org/publications/article/2014-03-10/urban-field-...

A Starliner structural test article at Boeing's Huntington Beach Facility in California, where the spacecraft, including the service module and other hardware of the Atlas V upper stage, are undergoing rigorous qualification testing, including tests like shock, separation and vibration. Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner will launch on the Atlas V rocket to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. Photo credit: Boeing

NASA image use policy.

 

Charleston, WV. June 2016.

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If you would like to use THIS picture in any sort of media elsewhere (such as newspaper or article), please send me a Flickrmail or send me an email at natehenderson6@gmail.com

article hero

from More Fantasy art Masters

Expensive crap for Millennials but a cool Sign

Awesome news! I just got the issue of Simplified Living and Dali made the cover!

Along with that i have an article inside with a full write up and 7 photos inside about my photography Its a local Ontario magazine which runs out of Alban and its now available to in North Bay as well at --- Allison The Bookman --or Gulliver's Quality Books & Toys--- both on Main street in North Bay --The magazine is also available in Sudbury at Artists On Elgin or Black Cat and even in Sturgeon Falls at stop and shop as well as many other places in Ontario ---Feel free to message me if you need some info or want a copy and are far away I can even ship ya one--- So if you need a new magazine and looking to support the Arts It would be awesome if you could pick up a copy. A huge thanks to Melissa from Simplified Living for doing such an awesome job, i super appreciate the support and exposure. High 5 Dali on your 1st cover!

article complet sur : militaryphotoreport.blogspot.com/2021/07/livret-ciada-202...

Varosha - Maras is the southern quarter of the Famagusta, a de jure territory of Cyprus, currently under the control of Northern Cyprus. Varosha has a population of 226 in the 2011 Northern Cyprus census. The area of Varosha is 6.19 km2 (2.39 sq mi).

 

The name of Varosha derives from the Turkish word varoş (Ottoman Turkish: واروش, 'suburb'). The place where Varosha is located now was empty fields in which animals grazed.

 

In the early 1970s, Famagusta was the number-one tourist destination in Cyprus. To cater to the increasing number of tourists, many new high-rise buildings and hotels were constructed. During its heyday, Varosha was not only the number-one tourist destination in Cyprus, but between 1970 and 1974, it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world and was a favorite destination of such celebrities as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Raquel Welch, and Brigitte Bardot.

 

Before 1974, Varosha was the modern tourist area of the Famagusta city. Its Greek Cypriot inhabitants fled during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, when the city of Famagusta came under Turkish control, and it has remained abandoned ever since. In 1984 a U.N. resolution called for the handover of the city to UN control and said that only the original inhabitants, who were forced out, could resettle in the town.

 

Entry to part of Varosha was opened to civilians in 2017.

 

In August 1974, the Turkish Army advanced as far as the Green Line, a UN-patrolled demilitarized zone between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, and controlled and fenced Varosha. Just hours before the Greek Cypriot and Turkish armies met in combat on the streets of Famagusta, the entire Greek Cypriot population fled to Paralimni, Dherynia, and Larnaca, fearing a massacre. The evacuation was aided and orchestrated by the nearby British military base. Paralimni has since become the modern-day capital of the Famagusta province of Greek Cypriot-led Cyprus.

 

The Turkish Army has allowed the entry of only Turkish military and United Nations personnel since 2017.

 

One such settlement plan was the Annan Plan to reunify the island that provided for the return of Varosha to the original residents. But this was rejected by Greek Cypriots in a 2004 referendum. The UN Security Council Resolution 550 states that it "considers attempts to settle any part of Varosha by people other than its inhabitants as inadmissible and calls for the transfer of this area to the administration of the United Nations".

 

The European Court of Human Rights awarded between €100,000 and €8,000,000 to eight Greek Cypriots for being deprived of their homes and properties as a result of the 1974 invasion. The case was filed jointly by businessman Constantinos Lordos and others, with the principal judgement in the Lordos case dating back to November 2010. The court ruled that, in the case of eight of the applicants, Turkey had violated Article 1 of Protocol 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights on the right of peaceful enjoyment of one's possessions, and in the case of seven of the applicants, Turkey had violated Article 8 on the right to respect for private and family life.

 

In the absence of human habitation and maintenance, buildings continue to decay. Over time, parts of the city have begun to be reclaimed by nature as metal corrodes, windows are broken, and plants work their roots into the walls and pavement and grow wild in old window boxes. In 2014, the BBC reported that sea turtles were observed nesting on the beaches in the city.

 

During the Cyprus Missile Crisis (1997–1998), the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, threatened to take over Varosha if the Cypriot government did not back down.

 

The main features of Varosha included John F. Kennedy Avenue, a street which ran from close to the port of Famagusta, through Varosha and parallel to Glossa beach. Along JFK Avenue, there were many well known high rise hotels including the King George Hotel, The Asterias Hotel, The Grecian Hotel, The Florida Hotel, and The Argo Hotel which was the favourite hotel of Elizabeth Taylor. The Argo Hotel is located near the end of JFK Avenue, looking towards Protaras and Fig Tree Bay. Another major street in Varosha was Leonidas (Greek: Λεωνίδας), a major street that came off JFK Avenue and headed west towards Vienna Corner. Leonidas was a major shopping and leisure street in Varosha, consisting of bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and a Toyota car dealership.

 

According to Greek Cypriots, 425 plots exist on the Varosha beach front, which extends from the Contandia hotel to the Golden Sands hotel. The complete number of plots in Varosha are 6082.

 

There are 281 cases of Greek Cypriots who filed to the Immovable Property Commission (IPC) of Northern Cyprus for compensation.

 

In 2020, Greek Cypriot Demetrios Hadjihambis filed a lawsuit seeking state compensation for financial losses.

 

The population of Varosha was 226 in the 2011 Northern Cyprus census.

 

In 2017, Varosha's beach was opened for the exclusive use of Turks (both Turkish Cypriots and Turkish nationals).

 

In 2019, the Government of Northern Cyprus announced it would open Varosha to settlement. On 14 November 2019, Ersin Tatar, the prime minister of Northern Cyprus, announced that Northern Cyprus aims to open Varosha by the end of 2020.

 

On 25 July 2019, Varosha Inventory Commission of Northern Cyprus started its inventory analysis on the buildings and other infrastructure in Varosha.

 

On 9 December 2019, Ibrahim Benter, the Director-General of the Turkish Cypriot EVKAF religious foundation's administration, declared all of Maraş/Varosha to be the property of EVKAF. Benter said "EVKAF can sign renting contracts with Greek Cypriots if they accept that the fenced-off town belongs to the Evkaf."

 

In 2019–20, inventory studies of buildings by the Government of Northern Cyprus were concluded. On 15 February 2020, the Turkish Bar Association organised a round table meeting at the Sandy Beach Hotel in Varosha, which was attended by Turkish officials (Vice President Fuat Oktay and Justice Minister Abdulhamit Gül), Turkish Cypriot officials, representatives of the Turkish Cypriot religious foundation Evkaf, and Turkish and Turkish Cypriot lawyers.

 

On 22 February 2020, Cyprus declared it would veto European Union funds to Turkish Cypriots if Varosha were opened to settlement.

 

On 6 October 2020, Ersin Tatar, the Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus, announced that the beach area of Varosha would reopen to the public on 8 October 2020. Turkey's president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, said Turkey fully supported the decision. The move came ahead of the 2020 Northern Cypriot presidential election, in which Tatar was a candidate. Deputy Prime Minister Kudret Özersay, who had worked on the reopening previously, said that this was not a full reopening of the area, that this was just a unilateral election stunt by Tatar. His People's Party withdrew from the Tatar cabinet, leading to the collapse of the Turkish Cypriot government. The EU's diplomatic chief condemned the plan and described it as a "serious violation" of the U.N. ceasefire agreement. In addition, he asked Turkey to stop this activity. The U.N. Secretary-General expressed concern over Turkey's decision.

 

On 8 October 2020, some parts of Varosha were opened from the Officers' Club of Turkish and Turkish Cypriot Army to the Golden Sands Hotel.

 

In November 2020, the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Turkey's ambassador to Nicosia, visited Varosha. In addition, the main avenue in Varosha has been renamed after Semih Sancar, Chief of the General Staff of Turkey from 1973 to 1978, a period including the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus.

 

The European Parliament on 27 November, asked Turkey to reverse its decision to re-open part of Varosha and resume negotiations aimed at resolving the Cyprus problem on the basis of a bi-communal, bi-zonal federation and called on the European Union to impose sanctions against Turkey, if things do not change. Turkey rejected the resolution, adding that Turkey will continue to protect both its own rights and those of Turkish Cypriots. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus presidency also condemned the resolution.

 

On 20 July 2021, Tatar, the president of Northern Cyprus announced the start of the 2nd phase of the opening of Varosha. He encouraged Greek Cypriots to apply Immovable Property Commission of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to claim their properties back if they have any such rights.

 

Bilal Aga Mosque, constructed in 1821 and taken out of service in 1974, was re-opened on 23 July 2021.

 

In response to a decision by the government of Turkish Cyprus, the presidential statement of the United Nations Security Council dated on 23 July said that settling any part of the abandoned Cypriot suburb of Varosha, "by people other than its inhabitants, is 'inadmissible'." The same day, Turkey rejected the presidential statement of the UNSC on Maras (Varosha), and said that these statements were based on Greek-Greek Cypriot propaganda, were groundless and unfounded claims, and inconsistent with the realities on the Island. On 24 July 2021, the presidency of Northern Cyprus condemned the presidential statement of the UNSC dated on 23 July, and stated that "We see and condemn it as an attempt to create an obstacle for the property-rights-holders in Varosha to achieve their rights".

 

By 1 January 2022, nearly 400,000 people had visited Varosha since its opening to civilians on 6 October 2020.

 

On 19 May 2022, Northern Cyprus opened a 600m long X 400m wide stretch of beach on the Golden Sands beach (from the King George Hotel to the Oceania Building) in Varosha for commercial use. Sun beds and umbrellas were installed.

 

UNFICYP said it would raise the decision taken by Turkish Cypriot authorities to open that stretch of beach in Varosha with the Security Council, spokesperson for the peacekeeping force Aleem Siddique said on Friday. The UN announced its "position on Varosha is unchanged and we are monitoring the situation closely".

 

In October 2022, the Turkish Cypriots announced that public institutions will be opened in the city.

 

In April 2023, Cleo Hotel, the 7-floor Golden Seaside Hotel, and the 3-star Aegean Hotel were purchased by a Turkish Cypriot businessman (from their Greek Cypriot owners) who will operate them within 2025.

 

On 10 August 2023, the Government of Northern Cyprus decided to construct a marina and tourist facility in Varosha.

 

Varosha was analyzed by Alan Weisman in his book The World Without Us as an example of the unstoppable power of nature.

 

Filmmaker Greek Cypriot Michael Cacoyannis described the city and interviewed its exiled citizens in the film Attilas '74, produced in 1975.

 

In 2021, the Belarusian group Main-De-Gloire dedicated a song to this city that has become a ghostly place.

 

Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.

 

Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.

 

A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.

 

Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.

 

Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.

 

Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.

 

Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.

 

The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.

 

Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.

 

Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.

 

By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.

 

EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.

 

However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.

 

On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.

 

In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.

 

By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.

 

In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.

 

The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.

 

After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".

 

As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.

 

Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.

 

On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.

 

The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.

 

Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.

 

The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis".[31] Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.

 

Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.

 

Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria

An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."

 

In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.

 

Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.

 

In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.

 

Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.

 

Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.

 

Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.

 

The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:

 

UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.

 

The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.

 

By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."

 

After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.

 

On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.

 

The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.

 

During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.

 

In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.

 

Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.

 

A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.

An article in the local paper this past week caught my attention, not just because of an historical finding in our area but because the subject is a favorite of mine: an old house. This is a prime example of the importance of preserving these pieces of our history. When the new owners of this house began tearing away the siding and the addition that had been built 150 years ago, they discovered this treasure underneath. It is believed to be the original Rocky Station Fort House built in 1774 or 1775 by Isaac Chrisman. The logs are hand-hewn and held together by round pegs (no nails). Clay mud was used for the chinking. The fireplace was built of rocks tooled from a quarry on the farm and there is a hand-dug basement. The house was used as a hospital during the Civil War and as a courthouse for a while before one in Jonesville was built. Plans for the town of Jonesville were drawn up at this house. The piece of plastic covers a doorway that was cut in the wall to allow access to the addition (see below).

 

www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/serbian-anti-govt-protes...

LEAH GARCHIK writes in the San Francisco Chronicle: 'I am informed by ADDA DADA , who never misses a party, that the winner of the Hunky Jesus Contest was TWERKING JESUS. And "Why carry your cross when you can ride it?" is what REBECCA ZITO when she spotted a cyclist so accessorized.'

 

In Wednesday's Leah Garchik column in the San Francisco Chronicle.

 

www.sfgate.com/entertainment/garchik/article/Dancing-in-t... ............................................................................................SISTER's of PERPETUAL INDULGENCE's 35th Annual HUNKY JESUS & FOXY MARY fun....The best thing about the Sister's show were the Marijuana 4/20 folks who incorrectly wandered into the Sister's party space...They were like "OMG, This is like , OZ, man."

  

Yes, it was.

 

Probably because it was the Sister's 35th Anniversary and it was an homage to the Wizard of Oz. The lawn in front of the stage was filled with red-paper poppies. There were several 'Cowardly Lions", many "Glenda the Good Witch", a couple of 'Bad Witches" including one on a bike...a very young 6-year old Judy Garland passing out Giradelli Chocolate, an awesome Scarecrow of indeterminate sex, a few Tin Men (and one obviously Tin Woman), and even a couple of 'munchkins'...yes, real little people. Though, ADDA DADA is happy to report that there were no Flying Monkeys.

 

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A few more from the Forest, there's now a blog as well - please do pop over for a read & feel free to share it about! www.flyladyphotographybywendycooper.co.uk/article/see-her...

The name of this car was alternately spelled Towne Shopper and Town Shopper, both in the media and in company publications.