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This article was written by ANDREW SCOTT - MASSETT - The other commercial centre is Masset (or Massett, as the post office name was originally spelled), located at the mouth of Masset Inlet on the north shore of Graham Island. It also got its start in the early 1900s. An application submitted in 1900 by post office inspector W. H. Dorman proposed Charles Harrison as postmaster but was rejected. “Residents at Massett now receive their mail from Port Simpson,” wrote Dorman, “from which place all supplies are obtained, by means of an Indian schooner which makes occasional trips between these places. It is possible that arrangements might be made to have an occasional mail conveyed between Massett and Port Simpson, but there would be no regularity about such a service. I do not consider a post office at Massett is required at present.” The post office was eventually authorized in 1906, it seems, but its opening was delayed until 1909 (Archives Canada lists Jan 6, 1910, as the date of establishment but Aug. 1, 1909, as the date of appointment of the first postmaster). This was Rev. William E. Collison, son of the noted Anglican missionary William Henry Collison. Do a search of "Early Postal History of B.C.’s Haida Gwaii" where you can read the complete article.
(from - Wrigley's 1918 British Columbia Directory) - MASSETT - a post office, fishing and lumbering village on the northern part of Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, 86 miles from Prince Rupert, in Prince Rupert Provincial Electoral District, reached by Grand Trunk Pacific boats from Prince Rupert. Has telegraph office. Anglican church. The population in 1918 was 150. Local, resources: Lumbering, farming, mining and fishing.
MASSETT Post Office was opened - 1 August 1909. The spelling adjusted to MASSET Post Office - 28 May 1948.
LINK - to a list of all the Postmasters who served at the MASSETT / MASSET Post Office - central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=posoffposmas&id=2...
- sent from - / MASSETT / AU 25 / 11 / B.C. / - split ring cancel - this split ring hammer (A1-1) was proofed - 25 June 1909 - (RF C).
- arrived at - / SOUTH HILL / AU 28 / 11 / B.C. / - split ring backstamp (poor strike) - this split ring hammer (A1-1) was proofed - 15 September 1908 - (RF D).
The South Hill Post Office was established - 1 October 1908 - it became Vancouver Sub Office South Hill - 1 July 1914.
Addressed to: Miss Dora Erlindsson / South Hill / B.C.
Halldóra Maren (nee Erlandsson) Glenzer / (Dora Marie Erlandson)
(b. 22 April 1894 In Winnipeg, Manitoba – d. in Washington, USA)
Her father - Vigfies Erlindsson
(b. 1859 in Iceland – Deceased)
Her mother - Oddbjorg (nee Saemundsdottir) Erlindsson
(b. 1857 in Iceland – Deceased) - they were married - 28 November 1885 in Stokkseyri, Árnessýsla, Suðurland, Iceland.
Her husband - John William Glenzer
(b. 20 February 1882 in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, United States – d. 31 March 1944 at age 62 in Everett, Snohomish, Washington, United States) - they were married - 23 May 1917 in Bella Bella, Central Coast, British Columbia, Canada. Occupation - Mill worker.
An excerpt: "The knowledge of the heart is very important. Without the knowledge of the heart, you cannot reach anywhere for except churches, mosques and temples."
Read the article here: medium.com/@YounusAlGohar/thoughts-on-extra-celestial-sec...
Parabiotic with Messor spp, Pheidole pallidula, Tapinoma magnum.
[Euryopis Menge 1868: 75 (IT: 8) spp]
E. episinoides is a tiny Theridiidæ occurring in southern Europe. It builds a small retreat made of few strands of silk under rocks or any flat object. This species was found to catch only ants in nature, particularly of the genus Messor. It hunts prey on the ground without the use of web. The spider positions itself near an ant trail with its prosoma on the ground and its abdomen and a pair of hind-legs outstretched and raised in the air and waits until a prey passes by. It catches prey by throwing strands of silk drawn from spinnerets. In the laboratory, the spiders were able to catch few prey types, including flies. Adaptive significance of food imprinting and associated learning may differ between specialists and generalists. Associated learning may be more important than food imprinting for generalist species, as they need to consume a wide variety of prey types in order to balance their nutrient intake. It is also advantageous in a changing environment where different types of prey co-occur. Food imprinting, on the other hand, should be important for specialists as they need to consume only one or a few closely related prey (e.g. ants) which shows rather stable occurrence. Food imprinting should allow actively searching specialised predators to optimise their foraging behaviour and to focus on cues of their focal prey.
REFERENCES
I had the honor of writing an article for my favorite Lego blog on my recent experiences at various cons and why you should go to one. Give it a read and join the discussion if you're so inclined.
And if you haven't read the Manifesto before, you really should. It's some of the best-written commentary (present company excluded) on the Lego community you're likely to find anywhere.
Article link: keithlug.com/2017/09/15/convoluted/
I swear I will actually post a MOC one of these months.
Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays to you. Wishing you the best.
Each year our city has a lighted boat parade. Thousands gathered to see the lighted boat procession. The photos are always better when the water is flat so many of the better reflection shots are of them docked.
Click here to see the article and videos on the light show called Thousands Show Up For Petaluma’s Lighted Boat Parade
Click to other photos in Petaluma
Click to see photos you found Most Interesting
Click to see photos that you Most Viewed .
Click to see photos you liked so much they were featured on Explore
I read this article (www.dpmag.com/how-to/shooting/time-collapse.html) and loved the effects that Matt Molloy was getting. I wanted to do a long exposure of the sunset at Port Hawkesbury, but I'd forgotten my ND filter back at the motel. I remembered this article and tried it out. My results didn't work out as I'd hoped, but it's something kind of different.
My article this week is all about Beverage Photography. So here are 3 LIGHTING SETUPS (AND 2 TIPS) FOR TASTY BEVERAGE LIGHTING.
Check out the whole article here:
www.diyphotography.net/3-lighting-setups-2-tips-tasty-bev...
Strobist info:
Beer
Studiostrobe thru softbox and between scrim subject left @ 1/16
Studiostrobe thru softbox subject back and right for kick @ 1/8
Studiostrobe with yellow gel pointed at background @ 1/4
silver reflector subject right
Pepsi
Studiostrobe thru softbox subject left and right @ 1/8
Bare studiostrobe back of subject pointing at white seamless paper @ 1/2
Scrim camera right
Coke
Studiostrobe thru softbox subject back left and right @ 1/4
YN-470 speedlight with snoot top of subject @ 1/4
Lakewood, NY. September 2019.
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If you would like to use THIS picture in any sort of media elsewhere (such as newspaper or article), please send me a Flickrmail or send me an email at natehenderson6@gmail.com
Please see Isle of Mull set www.flickr.com/photos/wendycoops224/albums/72157670775845566
And there's a blog.. flylady-photography-by-wendy-cooper.foliopic.com/article/...
This photo links to my article at www.heatheronhertravels.com/mani-peninsula-greece/
This photo may be used for non commercial purposes on condition that you credit Heatheronhertravels.com and link to www.heatheronhertravels.com/
For commercial use please contact me for permission at heather@heatheronhertravels.com
I was thrilled to join a friend and his family at Gale's today. This tiny diner is reputed to be the cheapest eats in Toronto. Prices on the menu have not changed in decades, lunch for four was just over $10. The service was friendly and the food was good. The place was full almost the entire time we were there.
From The Toronto Star: "Besides being a contender for the title of Toronto's cheapest luncheonette, Gale's Snack Bar is also one of the oldest and tiniest. The eatery has been slinging diner staples at Eastern and Carlaw Aves. in Toronto for 80 years. It has been decades since there have been renovations at Gale's, and years since the menu prices were raised. "My father has always wanted our prices to be low so that people can afford the food," explains Eda Chan, daughter of owner David Chan. Eda and David have operated Gale's Snack Bar for 35 years, but never bothered to change the restaurant's name."
read more www.thestar.com/living/article/592520--at-gale-s-get-retr...
www.blogto.com/restaurants/galessnackbar
{Explore #66} July 15th, 2012
Bath, NY. October 2019.
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I continue to be amazed about the impact of Flickr for magazine articles and photos. This is a scan of page 35 of the October, 2007 issue of What Digital Camera magazine from the United Kingdom.
The photo at the top is one of my HDR images and it is one of four from Flickr photographers utilized in the magazine article that explains HDR photography. Writer Paul Nuttall - who also happens to be a Flickr member - does a fine job of explaning this relatively new photo technique. He had contacted me about using one of my images and even utilized a couple of my tips for high dynamic range imagery in his article.
The photo they used was this one from my Flickr photostream:
flickr.com/photos/jeffclow/1017847208/
I thought I would share this scan with my friends here because it continues to show how the sharing of photos via this magical site can lead to additional exposure of your images in print......
The three tin foil bowls on the end of the lower arms indicate that this space vehicle has feet and is intended to land somewhere. This is reinforced by the fully-extended digger arm (surface sampler arm in NASA-speak) that today hangs even lower.
The Surveyor programme was run by NASA from June 1966 to January 1968, sending seven robotic spacecraft to the surface of the Moon. Seen above is a test article, a full-scale mock-up, which is now suspended from the ceiling in the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum on the Mall in Washington DC.
The programme's primary goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of soft landings on the Moon. The Surveyor craft were the first American spacecraft to achieve soft landing on an extraterrestrial body. The missions called for the craft to travel directly to the Moon on an impact trajectory, a journey that lasted 63-65 hours, and ended with a deceleration of just over three minutes to a soft landing.
The programme was implemented by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to prepare for the Apollo programme. JPL selected Hughes Aircraft to develop the spacecraft system which was launched into space aboard an Atlas-Centaur rocket. The total cost of the Surveyor programme was officially $469 million.
Five of the Surveyor craft successfully soft-landed on the moon, including the first one. The other two failed: Surveyor 2 crashed at high velocity after a failed mid-course correction, and Surveyor 4 was lost to contact (possibly exploding) 2.5 minutes before its scheduled touch-down.
All seven spacecraft are still on the Moon; none of the missions included returning them to Earth. Some parts of Surveyor 3 were returned to Earth by the crew of Apollo 12, which landed near it in 1969. The camera from this craft is also on display at the National Air and Space Museum.
There is no sense of scale in the picture, but the whole craft is 3m high and 3.5m wide. Its sisters weighed 283 kg as they landed on the moon.
Europe Europa
Belgique België Belgien Belgium Belgica
Province du Luxembourg
Marche-en-Famenne
www.7sur7.be/7s7/fr/1531/Culture/article/detail/3226220/2...
www.dhnet.be/regions/namur-luxembourg/statues-en-marche-u...
Article complet sur BlogAutomobile :
blogautomobile.fr/citroan-ds5-thp-200-une-voiture-normale...
Website : www.julien-fautrat.fr
Facebook page : www.facebook.com/JulienFautratPhotographe
Butler, PA. February 2017.
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If you would like to use THIS picture in any sort of media elsewhere (such as newspaper or article), please send me a Flickrmail or send me an email at natehenderson6@gmail.com
This photograph was published online in an article in RADIO FRANCE in the France Culture section on May 11th 2023 titled:
'' SERIE MECANIQUES DU VIVANT, SAISON 3: LE CORBEAU ''
Épisode 1 : Un oiseau noir pourtant si brillant
In English:
'' Mechanics of life, season 3: The crow ''
Episode 1: A black bird yet so brilliant
It was also Published online in an article in RADIO FRANCE in the France Culture section on May 11th 2023
Chronique sur les animaux
Les corbeaux et les corneilles : de petits génies de la nature (chronicle on animals
Ravens and crows: little geniuses of nature).
It was previously published as my 3,819th image in the GETTY IMAGES COLLECTION on November 5th 2019 (I now have 7,000+ images published)
CREATIVE RF gty.im/1185462929 MOMENT OPEN COLLECTION**
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Photograph taken at an altitude of Twenty One metres, at 12:34pm on Monday 4th November 2019, off Hyde Park Corner and Park Lane A4202 in the grounds of Hyde park, a Grade 1 listed Royal Park (the largest of) of London.
LEGEND AND MYTHOLOGY
By Paul Williams
Crows appear in the Bible where Noah uses one to search for dry land and to check on the recession of the flood. Crows supposedly saved the prophet, Elijah, from famine and are an Inuit deity. Legend has it that England and its monarchy will end when there are no more crows in the Tower of London. And some believe that the crows went to the Tower attracted by the regular corpses following executions with written accounts of their presence at the executions of Anne Boleyn and Jane Gray.
In Welsh mythology, unfortunately Crows are seen as symbolic of evilness and black magic thanks to many references to witches transforming into crows or ravens and escaping. Indian legend tells of Kakabhusandi, a crow who sits on the branches of a wish-fulfilling tree called Kalpataru and a crow in Ramayana where Lord Rama blessed the crow with the power to foresee future events and communicate with the souls.
In Native American first nation legend the crow is sometimes considered to be something of a trickster, though they are also viewed positively by some tribes as messengers between this world and the next where they carry messages from the living to those deceased, and even carry healing medicines between both worlds.
There is a belief that crows can foresee the future. The Klamath tribe in Oregon believe that when we die, we fly up to heaven as a crow. The Crow can also signify wisdom to some tribes who believe crows had the power to talk and were therefore considered to be one of the wisest of birds. Tribes with Crow Clans include the Chippewa (whose Crow Clan and its totem are called Aandeg), the Hopi (whose Crow Clan is called Angwusngyam or Ungwish-wungwa), the Menominee, the Caddo, the Tlingit, and the Pueblo tribes of New Mexico.
The crow features in the Nanissáanah (Ghost dance), popularized by Jerome Crow Dog, a Brulé Lakota sub-chief and warrior born at Horse Stealing Creek in Montana Territory in 1833, the crow symbolizing wisdom and the past, when the crow had become a guide and acted as a pathfinder during hunting. The Ghost dance movement was originally created in 1870 by Wodziwob, or Gray Hair, a prophet and medicine man of the Paiute tribe in an area that became known as Nevada.
Ghost dancers wore crow and eagle feathers in their clothes and hair, and the fact that the Crow could talk placed it as one of the sages of the animal kingdom. The five-day dances seeking trance, prophecy and exhortations would eventually play a major part in the pathway towards the white man's broken treaties, the infamous battle at Wounded knee and the surrender of Matȟó Wanáȟtaka (Kicking Bear), after officials began to fear the ghost dancers and rituals which seemed to occur prior to battle.
Historically the Vikings are the group who made so many references to the crow, and Ragnarr Loðbrók and his sons used this species in his banner as well as appearances in many flags and coats of arms. Also, it had some kind of association with Odin, one of their main deities. Norse legend tells us that Odin is accompanied by two crows.
Hugin, who symbolizes thought, and Munin, who represents a memory. These two crows were sent out each dawn to fly the entire world, returning at breakfast where they informed the Lord of the Nordic gods of everything that went on in their kingdoms. Odin was also referred to as Rafnagud (raven-god).
The raven appears in almost every skaldic poem describing warfare. Coins dating back to 940's minted by Olaf Cuaran depict the Viking war standard, the Raven and Viking war banners (Gonfalon) depicted the bird also.
In Scandinavian legends, crows are a representative of the Goddess of Death, known as Valkyrie (from old Norse 'Valkyrja'), one of the group of maidens who served the Norse deity Odin, visiting battlefields and sending him the souls of the slain worthy of a place in Valhalla. Odin ( also called Wodan, Woden, or Wotan), preferred that heroes be killed in battle and that the most valiant of souls be taken to Valhöll, the hall of slain warriors.
It is the crow that provides the Valkyries with important information on who should go. In Hindu ceremonies that are associated to ancestors, the crow has an important place in Vedic rituals. They are seen as messengers of death in Indian culture too.
In Germanic legend, Crows are seen as psychonomes, meaning the act of guiding spirits to their final destination, and that the feathers of a crow could cure a victim who had been cursed. And yet, a lone black crow could symbolize impending death, whilst a group symbolizes a lucky omen! Vikings also saw good omens in the crow and would leave offerings of meat as a token.
The crow also has sacred and prophetic meaning within the Celtic civilization, where it stood for flesh ripped off due to combat and Morrighan, the warrior goddess, often appears in Celtic mythology as a raven or crow, or else is found to be in the company of the birds. Crow is sacred to Lugdnum, the Celtic god of creation who gave his name to the city of Lug
In Greek mythology according to Appolodorus, Apollo is supposedly responsible for the black feathers of the crow, turning them forever black from their pristine white original plumage as a punishment after they brought news that Κορωνις (Coronis) a princess of the Thessalian kingdom of Phlegyantis, Apollo's pregnant lover had left him to marry a mortal, Ischys.
In one legend, Apollo burned the crows feathers and then burned Coronis to death, in another Coronis herself was turned into a black crow, and another that she was slain by the arrows of Αρτεμις (Artemis - twin to Apollo). Koronis was later set amongst the stars as the constellation Corvus ("the Crow").
Her name means "Curved One" from the Greek word korônis or "Crow" from the word korônê.A similar Muslim legend allegedly tells of Muhammad, founder of Islam and the last prophet sent by God to Earth, who's secret location was given away by a white crow to his seekers, as he hid in caves. The crow shouted 'Ghar Ghar' (Cave, cave) and thus as punishment, Muhammad turned the crow black and cursed it for eternity to utter only one phrase, 'Ghar, ghar). Native Indian legend where the once rainbow-coloured crows became forever black after shedding their colourful plumage over the other animals of the world.
In China the Crow is represented in art as a three legged bird on a solar disk, being a creature that helps the sun in its journey. In Japan there are myths of Crow Tengu who were priests who became vain, and turned into this spirit to serve as messengers until they learn the lesson of humility as well as a great Crow who takes part in Shinto creation stories.
In animal spirit guides there are general perceptions of what sightings of numbers of crows actually mean:
1 Crow Meaning: To carry a message from your near one who died recently.
2 Crows Meaning: Two crows sitting near your home signifies some good news is on your way.
3 Crows Meaning: An upcoming wedding in your family.
4 Crows Meaning: Symbolizes wealth and prosperity.
5 Crows Meaning: Diseases or pain.
6 Crows Meaning: A theft in your house!
7 Crows Meaning: Denotes travel or moving from your house.
8 Crows Meaning: Sorrowful events
Crows are generally seen as the symbolism when alive for doom bringing, misfortune and bad omens, and yet a dead crow symbolizes potentially bringing good news and positive change to those who see it.
This wonderful bird certainly gets a mixed bag of contradictory mythology and legend over the centuries and in modern days is often seen as a bit of a nuisance, attacking and killing the babies of other birds such as Starlings, Pigeons and House Sparrows as well as plucking the eyes out of lambs in the field, being loud and noisy and violently attacking poor victims in a 'crow court'....
There is even a classic horror film called 'THE CROW' released in 1994 by Miramax Films, directed by Alex Proyas and starring Brandon Lee in his final film appearance as Eric Draven, who is revived by a Crow tapping on his gravestone a year after he and his fiancée are murdered in Detroit by a street gang. The crow becomes his guide as he sets out to avenge the murders.
The only son of martial arts expert Bruce Lee, Brandon lee suffered fatal injuries on the set of the film when the crew failed to remove the primer from a cartridge that hit Lee in the abdomen with the same force as a normal bullet. Lee died that day, March 31st 1993 aged 28.
The symbolism of the Crow resurrecting the dead star and accompanying him on his quest for revenge was powerful, and in some part based on the history of the carrion crow itself and the original film grossed more than $94 Million dollars with three subsequent sequels following.
TAKING A CLOSER LOOK
So, let's move away from legend, mythology and stories passed down from our parents and grandparents and look at these amazing birds in isolation.
Carrion crow are passerines in the family Corvidae a group of Oscine passerine birds including Crows, Ravens, Rooks, Jackdaws, Jays, Magpies, Treepies, Choughs and Nutcrackers. Technically they are classed as Corvids, and the largest of passerine birds. Carrion crows are medium to large in size with rictal bristles and a single moult per year (most passerines moult twice).
Carrion crow was one of the many species originally described by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (Carl Von Linne after his ennoblement) in his 1758 and 1759 editions of 'SYSTEMA NATURAE', and it still bears its original name of Corvus corone, derived from the Latin of Corvus, meaning Raven and the Greek κορώνη (korōnē), meaning crow.
Carrion crow are of the Animalia kingdom Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae Genus: Corvus and Species: Corvus corone
Corvus corone can reach 45-47cm in length with a 93-104cm wingspan and weigh between 370-650g. They are protected under The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 in the United Kingdom with a Green UK conservation status which means they are of least concern with more than 1,000,000 territories.
Breeding occurs in April with fledging of the chicks taking around twenty nine days following an incubation period of around twenty days with 3 to 4 eggs being the average norm. They are abundant in the UK apart from Northwest Scotland and Ireland where the Hooded crow (Corvus cornix) was considered the same species until 2002. They have a lifespan of around four years, whilst Crow species can live to the age of Twenty years old, and the oldest known American crow in the wild was almost Thirty years old.
The oldest documented captive crow died at age Fifty nine. They are smaller and have a shorter lifespan than the Raven, which again is used as a symbol in history to live life to the full and not waste a moment!
They are often mistaken for the Rook (Corvus frugilegus), a similar bird, though in the UK, the Rook is actually technically smaller than the Carrion crow averaging 44-46cm in length, 81-99cm wingspan and weighing up to 340g. Rooks have white beaks compared to the black beaks of Carrion crow, a more steeply raked ratio from head to beak, and longer straighter beaks as well as a different plumage pattern.
There are documented cases in the UK of singular and grouped Rooks attacking and killing Carrion crows in their territory. Rooks nest in colonies unlike Carrion crows. Carrion crows have only a few natural enemies including powerful raptors such as the northern goshawk, the peregrine falcon, the Eurasian eagle-owl and the golden eagle which will all readily hunt them.
Regarded as one of the most intelligent birds, indeed creatures on the planet, studies suggest that Corvids cognitive abilities can rival that of primates such as chimpanzees and gorillas and even provide clues to understanding human intelligence.
Crows have relatively large brains for their body size, compared to other animals. Their encephalization quotient (EQ) a ratio of brain to body size, adjusted for size because there isn’t a linear relationship is 4.1.
That is remarkably close to chimps at 4.2 whilst humans are 8.1. Corvids also have a very high neuronal density, the number of neurons per gram of brain, factoring in the number of cortical neurons, neuron packing density, intraneuronal distance and axonal conduction velocity shows that Corvids score high on this measure as well, with humans scoring the highest.
A corvid's pallium is packed with more neurons than a great ape's. Corvids have demonstrated the ability to use a combination of mental tools such as imagination, and anticipation of future events.
They can craft tools from twigs and branches to hook grubs from deep recesses, they can solve puzzles and intricate methods of gaining access to food set by humans,and have even bent pieces of wire into hooks to obtain food. They have been proven to have a higher cognitive ability level than seven year old humans.
Communications wise, their repertoire of wraw-wraw's is not fully understood, but the intensity, rhythm, and duration of caws seems to form the basis of a possible language. They also remember the faces of humans who have hindered or hurt them and pass that information on to their offspring.
Aesop's fable of 'The Crow and the Pitcher, tells of a thirsty crow which drops stones into a water pitcher to raise the water level and enable it to take a drink. Scientists have conducted tests to see whether crows really are this intelligent. They placed floating treats in a deep tube and observed the crows indeed dropping dense objects carefully selected into the water until the treat floated within reach. They had the intelligence to pick up, weigh and discount objects that would float in the water, they also did not select ones that were too large for the container.
Pet crows develop a unique call for their owners, in effect actually naming them. They also know to sunbathe for a dose of vitamin D, regularly settling on wooden garden fences, opening their mouths and wings and raising their heads to the sun. In groups they warn of danger and communicate vocally.
They store a cache of food for later if in abundance and are clever enough to move it if they feel it has been discovered. They leave markers for their cache. They have even learned to place walnuts and similar hard food items under car tyres at traffic lights as a means of cracking them!
Crows regularly gather around a dead fellow corvid, almost like a funeral, and it is thought they somehow learn from each death. They can even remember human faces for decades. Crows group together to attack larger predators and even steal their food, and they have different dialects in different areas, with the ability to mimic the dialect of the alpha males when they enter their territory!
They have a twenty year life span, the oldest on record reaching the age of Fifty nine. Crows can leave gifts for those who feed them such as buttons or bright shiny objects as a thank you, and they even kiss and make up after an argument, having mated for life.
In mythology they are associated with good and bad luck, being the bringers of omens and even witchcraft and are generally reviled for their attacks on baby birds and small mammals. They have an attack method of stunning smaller birds before consuming them, tearing violently at smaller, less aggressive birds, which is simply down to the fact that they are so highly intelligent, and also the top of the food chain.
Their diet includes over a thousand different items: Dead animals (as their name suggests), invertebrates, grain, as well as stealing eggs and chicks from other birds' nests, worms, insects, fruit, seeds, kitchen scraps. They are highly adaptable when food sources grow scarce. I absolutely love them, they are magnificent, bold, beautiful and incredibly interesting to watch and though at times it is hard to witness attacks made by them, I cannot help but adore them for so many other and more important reasons.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PAIR IN MY GARDEN
Known mostly for my landscape work, Covid-19 changed everything for me photographically speaking thanks to a series of lock downs which naturally impeded my ability to travel. I began to spend more time on my own land, photographing the wildlife, and suddenly those wildlife photographs began to sell worldwide in magazines and books.
Crows have been in the area for a while, but rarely had strayed into my garden, leaving the Magpies to own the territory. Things changed around mid May 2021 when a beautiful female Carrion crow appeared and began to take some of the food that I put down for the other birds. Within a few days she began to appear regularly, on occasions stocking up on food, whilst other times placing pieces in the birdbath to soften them. She would stand on the birdbath and eat and drink and come back over the course of the day to eat the softened food. Naturally I named her Sheryl (Crow).
Shortly afterwards she brought along her mate, a tall and handsome fella, much larger than her who was also very vocal if he felt she was getting a little too close to me. I named him Russell (Crow). By now I had moved from a seated position from the patio as an observer, to laying on a mat just five feet from the birdbath with my Nikon so that I could photograph the pair as they landed, scavenged and fed.
Sheryl was now confident enough to let me be very close, and she even tolerated and recognized the clicking of the camera. At first, I used silent mode to reduce the noise, but this only allowed two shooting frame rates of single frame or continuous low frame which meant I was missing shots. I reverted back to normal continuous high frames, and she soon got used to the whirring of the mechanisms as the mirror slapped back and forth.
Russell would bark orders at her from the safety of the fence or the rear of the garden, whilst she rarely made a sound. That was until one day when in the sweltering heat she kept opening her beak and sunning on the grass, panting slightly in the heat.
I placed the circular water sprayer nearby and had it rotating so that the birdbath and grass was bathed in gentle water droplets and she soon came back, landed and seemed to really like the cooling effect on offer. She then climbed onto the birdbath and opened her wings slightly and made some gentle purring, cooing noises....
I swear she was expressing happiness, joy even....
On another blisteringly hot day when the sprayer was on, she came down, walked towards it and opened her wings up running into the water spray. Not once, but many times.
A further revelation into the unseen sides to these beautiful birds came with the male and female on the rear garden fence. They sat together, locked beaks like a kiss and then the male took his time gently preening her head feathers and the back of her neck as she made tiny happy sounds.
They stayed together like that for several minutes, showing a gentle, softer side to their nature and demonstrating the deep bond between them. Into July and the pair started to bring their three youngsters to my garden, the nippers learning to use the birdbath for bathing and dipping food, the parents attentive as ever. Two of the youngsters headed off once large enough and strong enough.
I was privileged to be in close attendance as the last juvenile was brought down by the pair, taught to take food and then on a night in July, to soar and fly with its mother in the evening sky as the light faded. She would swoop and twirl, and at regular intervals just touch the juvenile in flight with her wing tip feathers, as if to reassure it that she was close in attendance.
What an amazing experience to view. A few days later, the juvenile, though now gaining independence and more than capable of tackling food scraps in the garden, was still on occasions demand feeding from its mother who was now teaching him to take chicken breast, hotdogs or digestive biscuits and bury them in the garden beds for later delectation.
The juvenile also liked to gather up peanuts (monkey nuts) and bury them in the grass. On one occasion I witnessed a pair of rumbunctious Pica Pica (Magpies), chasing the young crow on rooftops, leaping at him no matter how hard he tried to get away. He defended himself well and survived the attacks, much to my relief.
Into August and the last youngster remained with the adults, though now was very independent even though he still spent time with his parents on rooftops, and shared food gathering duties with his mum. Hotdog sausages were their favourite choice, followed by fish fingers and digestive biscuits which the adult male would gather up three at a time.
In October 2021, the three Crows were still kings of the area, but my time observing them was pretty much over as I will only put food out now for the birds in the winter months. The two adults are still here in December and now taking the food that I put out to help all birds survive in the winter months. They also have a pair of Magpies to compete with now.
Late February 2022 and Cheryl and Russell and their youngster are still with me, still dominant in the area and still taking raw chicken, hotdogs, biscuits and fat balls that I put out for them. Today I saw them mating for the first time this year in the tree and the cycle continues.
By October 2022 the pair had successfully reared a new baby who we nicknamed Baboo, and the other youngster flew the coup. The three now recognised our car returning from weekends away, and were enjoying sausages, hotdogs, raw chicken, fish and especially cheese, but life was hard as they aged with daily morning and evening tussles in the air with invaders and intruders hoping to take their land.
Russell picked up an injury during one fight and hobbled about for a few weeks before fully recovering, though a slight limp remained long-term, but Sheryl was visibly ageing and struggled at times to gain height from a vertical ground take off. I placed a garden chair near the house and she would often jump onto the top and then onto the fence and then the roof in stages.
Baboo became the dominant garden watcher, swooping in to take advantage of the food I put out, though he now faced competition from a gaggle eight resident Magpies, and gulls which seemed to have adopted the area, and brave enough to snatch food from under his nose and eat on the grass in his presence. The three crows still held on to our garden and the territory and loved cheese, hot dogs, raw chicken, fish fingers and digestive biscuits and also mixed nuts, crusty bread and cakes and fat from steak or gammon plus fish skin from salmon or haddock. But by December 13th 2022, feeding became almost impossible as Black headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus), Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Common Gulls (Larus canus), seemed to take up residence, swooping from nowhere in dozens as soon as I tried to feed the crows and Magpies. I had to wait until any of my three crows were nestled in the Chestnut tree which seeps into my garden, before throwing food out to them, watching as they grabbed what they could, followed by the resident Magpies, before the gulls began to swoop once more!
The three crows could recognise my car and know if we were returning home, and call each other, and wait for me to feed them. They enjoyed Tesco finest mince pies, tinned Salmon steaks, fatballs and raw meatballs over the festive period, and Sheryl particularly loved her mature cheddar cheese in large chunks. Into February, March and April 2023 and the morning skirmishes with bands of four or more outsider crows grew in regularity and intensity. Russell and Sheryl are by now getting older, at least into their third year, probably fourth or more, and the battles must have been getting harder to win.
Corvus Corone.... magnificently misunderstood by some!
Paul Williams June 4th 2021 (Updated on April 3rd 2023)
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Nikon D850 Focal length 240mm Shutter speed 1/60s Aperture f/11.0 iso1250 RAW (14 bit uncompressed) Image size L 8256 x 5504 FX). Hand held with Sigma Image stabilization enabled . Colour space Adobe RGB. Nikon Back button focusing enabled. Focus mode AF-C focus 51 point with 3-D tracking. AF Area mode single. Exposure mode - Manual exposure. Matrix metering. ISO Sensitivity: Manually set. Nikon Distortion control on. Vignette control Normal. Active D-lighting on Automatic. High ISO Noise Reduction: On. Picture control: Auto with Sharpening A+1.00.
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This article appeared in the Tampa Tribune on Apr. 10, 2004.
By CAROL JEFFARES HEDMAN
LeHeup Hill gets all the glory.
It’s thought by most to be the highest point in Pasco County, and at one time it was a contender for the highest point in Florida.
The summit, south of Dade City along Fort King Road, doesn't top the list. But it’s the state’s 23rd highest point above sea level, according to America’s Roof, americasroof.com, an organization that records such things.
But for a brief time in 1936, another Pasco County “mountain” vied for the title along with LeHeup Hill.
“Pasco Claims Highest Points in Florida,” the Jan. 10, 1936 edition of the Dade City Banner proclaimed. But the so-called highest point wasn't LeHeup Hill. It was the farm and grove property three miles northwest of Dade City purchased by L.E. Rowland, principal of Zephyrhills High School. Rowland believed the land was 330 feet above sea level.
From his home on the “brow of a hill” accessible via a little traveled road “can be seen a remarkable panorama of the eastern half of the county showing Dade City, the mills of Lacoochee, hills, lakes, groves and homes for miles around,” the article stated.
The view from there was unobstructed to the north and south. “But the longest distance can be seen to the east across the low river swamps between Dade City and Orlando,” the Banner said.
Rowland had reported seeing smoke from trains between Lakeland and Orlando and, at night, airport lights in Orlando, Lakeland and Plant City. And a “glow in the sky” came from Tampa and Brooksville.
But Rowland was most amazed on clear days to see smoke moving in the far distance. From its comparatively slow progress, Rowland believed it came from coastal steamships.
Rowland wished he could have measurements taken to measure his property against LeHeup Hill.
Many years earlier, Dade City, Clermont and other Florida towns were claiming the highest land in Florida, the Banner said. Dade City’s claim was the property of Gertie M. Dew on Fort King Road. The site, now called LeHeup Hill, overlooks Lake Pasadena and was measured at 330.2 feet above sea level, slightly more than the height given the Rowland property, the article said.
But “which ever point is finally proved to be the highest, it is certain that no other section of the state can surpass Pasco County in the height of its hills and beauty of its views,” the Banner said.
LeHeup Hill is now designated at 242 feet above sea level, records show. Not making Florida’s Highest Named Summits list is Clay Hill, six miles northwest of Dade City, recorded at 301 feet. That would make it the highest point in both Pasco and Hernando counties. Frazee Hill, at 251 feet above sea level and perhaps where the Rowland property was located, even tops LeHeup Hill.
But still the hill named for the family that moved there in 1911 gets the glory as Pasco’s highest point. Its adjoining Nursery Hill, also 242 feet above sea level, and nearby Greer Hill, at 229 feet above sea level, both made the Florida Highest Named Summits list.
The highest summit on the list is Britton Hill, at 345 feet above sea level, in Walton County.
Credit for the data above is given to the following websites:
www.anyplaceamerica.com/directory/fl/pasco-county-12101/s...
www.fivay.org/lake_pasadena.html
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
Irondequoit, NY. September 2016.
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If you would like to use THIS picture in any sort of media elsewhere (such as newspaper or article), please send me a Flickrmail or send me an email at natehenderson6@gmail.com
reminds us that seeing things as others see us can give us broader perspectives on the world around us: www.spiegel.de/international/world/donald-trump-is-a-mena... Photo by Frank.
台南孔子廟 - 明倫堂 / 人來得見大學之道 - 孔子面前不賣文藻
Tainan City Confucian temple - Ming Lun hall / People come to see the great academic Road - Do not sell the article at Confucius face front
Templo confuciano de la ciudad de Tainan - Ming Lun vestíbulo / La gente viene a ver el camino académico excelente - no vender el artículo a cara frente Confucio
台南の孔子廟 - 明倫堂 / 人は見大学の道に来ます - 孔子の目の前は文藻を売りません
Konfuzianischer Tempel der Tainan-Stadt - Ming Lun Halle / Die Leute kommen zu den großen akademischen Road zu sehen - nicht verkaufen den Artikel zu Konfuzius Gesicht vor
La ville de Tainan confucéenne temple - Ming Lun salle / Les gens viennent pour voir la grande route académique - Ne pas vendre l'article à la face avant Confucius
Tainan Taiwan / Tainan Taiwán / 台灣台南
管樂小集 2012/10/14 台南孔廟演出 Tainan Confucius Temple performances
{ Dos gardenias para ti / あなたのためにくちなし }
{View large size on fluidr / 觀看大圖}
{My Blog / 管樂小集精彩演出-觸動你的心}
{My Blog / Great Music The splendid performance touches your heart}
{My Blog / 管楽小集すばらしい公演-はあなたの心を心を打ちます}
{Mi blog / La gran música el funcionamiento espléndido toca su corazón}
{Mein Blog / Große Musik die herrliche Leistung berührt Ihr Herz}
{Mon blog / La grande musique l'exécution splendide touche votre coeur}
家住安南鹽溪邊
The family lives in nearby the Annan salt river
隔壁就是聽雨軒
The next door listens to the rain porch
一旦落日照大員
The sunset Shineing to the Taiwan at once
左岸青龍飛九天
The left bank white dragon flying in the sky
The Facility Compatibility Article (FCA), on the workstand in Chamber A, Space Environment Simulation Laboratory (SESL)/Bldg 32, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), circa April 1966, during compatibility checkout.
Prior to manned thermal vacuum tests within the chamber, the CSM boilerplate was used for insertion procedure familiarization, as the entire CSM could not be inserted into the chamber in one piece. Each module had to be transferred individually and then stacked on the test stand/platform inside it.
With the work platform in place:
Credit: Internet Archive website
Additional info at:
ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/CR-2003-208933...
Credit: Johnson Space Center
www.drewexmachina.com/2016/10/26/the-apollo-flights-to-no...
Credit: DrewExMachina website/Andrew LePage
Last, but not least:
www.nps.gov/articles/space-environmental-simulation-labor...
Cape Baboons in the Upper Thendele Camp
Bärenpaviane im Upper Thendele Camp
(Wikipedia)
The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus), also known as the Cape baboon, is, like all other baboons, from the Old World monkey family. It is one of the largest of all monkeys. Located primarily in southern Africa, the chacma baboon has a wide variety of social behaviors, including a dominance hierarchy, collective foraging, adoption of young by females, and friendship pairings. These behaviors form parts of a complex evolutionary ecology. In general, the species is not threatened, but human population pressure has increased contact between humans and baboons. Hunting, accidents, and trapping kill or remove many baboons from the wild, thereby reducing baboon numbers and disrupting their social structure.
Due to hybridization between different baboon (Papio) populations across Africa, authors have occasionally grouped the entire radiation as a single species, the hamadryas baboon, Papio hamadryas. Arbitrary boundaries were then used to separate the populations into subspecies. Other authors considered the chacma baboon a subspecies of the yellow baboon, Papio cynocephalus, though it is now recognised as a separate species, Papio ursinus. The chacma baboon has two or three subspecies, depending on which classification is followed. Grubb et al. (2003) listed two subspecies,[4] while Groves (2005) in Mammal Species of the World listed three. This article follows Groves (2005) and describes three distinct subspecies. In the Grubb et al. (2003) paper, P. u. raucana was believed to be synonymous with P. u. ursinus.
Papio ursinus ursinus Kerr, 1792 – Cape chacma (found in southern South Africa)
P. ursinus griseipes Pocock, 1911 – Gray-footed chacma (found in northern South Africa to southern Zambia)
P. ursinus raucana Shortridge, 1942 – Ruacana chacma (found from Namibia to southern Angola, but not accepted by all authorities as distinct.
The chacma baboon is perhaps the longest species of monkey, with a male body length of 50–115 cm (20–45 in) and tail length of 45–84 cm (18–33 in). It also one of the heaviest; the male weighs from 21 to 45 kg (46 to 99 lb) with an average of 31.8 kg (70 lb). Baboons are sexually dimorphic, and females are considerably smaller than males. The female chacma weighs from 12 to 25 kg (26 to 55 lb), with an average of 15.4 kg (34 lb). It is similar in size to the olive baboon, averaging slightly higher in mean body mass, and of similar weight to the more compact mandrill, the males of which weigh on average about 1 kg (2.2 lb) more than a chacma baboon, the females weigh 3 kg (6.6 lb) less than the female chacma. While the mandrill is usually crowned the largest of all modern monkeys, going on total length and average (but not maximum) body weight between the sexes, the chacma baboon appears to be the largest extant monkey. The chacma baboon is generally dark brown to gray in color, with a patch of rough hair on the nape of its neck. Unlike the males of northern baboon species (the Guinea, hamadryas, and olive baboons), chacma males do not have a mane. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of this baboon is its long, downward-sloping face. The canine teeth of male chacma baboons have a mean length of 3.86 ± 0.30 cm (1.52 ± 0.12 in) at the time they emigrate from their natal troop. This is the time of greatest tooth length as the teeth tend to wear or be broken thereafter.
The three subspecies are differentiated by size and color. The Cape chacma is a large, heavy, dark-brown, and has black feet. The gray-footed chacma is slightly smaller than the Cape chacma, lighter in color and build, and has gray feet. The Ruacana chacma generally appears to be a smaller, less darkly colored version of the Cape chacma.
The chacma baboon inhabits a wide array of habitats including woodland, savanna, steppes, and subdesert, from the grassy alpine slopes of the Drakensberg to the Kalahari desert. During the night the chacma baboon needs hills, cliffs, or large trees in which to sleep. During the day water availability may limit its range in arid areas. It is found in southern Africa, ranging from South Africa north to Angola, Zambia, and Mozambique. The subspecies are divided across this range. The Cape chacma is found in southern South Africa; the gray-footed chacma, is present from northern South Africa, through the Okavango Delta in Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique (south of the Zambezi), to southwest Zambia; and the Ruacana chacma is found in northern Namibia and southern Angola.
The chacma baboon is omnivorous with a preference for fruits, while also eating insects, seeds, grass, smaller vertebrate animals, and fungi (the desert truffle Kalaharituber pfeilii); at the Cape of Good Hope in particular, it is also known for taking shellfish and other marine invertebrates. It is generally a scavenger when it comes to game meat, and rarely engages in hunting large animals. One incident of a chacma baboon killing a human infant has been reported, but the event is so rare, the locals believed it was due to witchcraft. Normally, chacma baboons will flee at the approach of humans, though this is changing due to the easy availability of food near human dwellings.
The chacma baboon usually lives in social groups, called troops, which are composed of multiple adult males, adult females, and their offspring. Occasionally, however, very small groups form that consist of only a single adult male and several adult females. Chacma troops are characterized by a dominance hierarchy. Female ranking within the troop is inherited through the mother and remains relatively fixed, while male ranking is often in flux, especially when the dominant male is replaced. Chacmas are unusual among baboons in that neither males nor females form strong relationships with members of the same sex. Instead, the strongest social bonds are often between unrelated adult males and females. Infanticide is also common compared to other baboon species, as newly dominant males will often attempt to kill young baboons sired by the previously dominant male. Baboon troops possess a complex group behavior and communicate by means of body attitudes, facial expressions, vocalizations and touch.
The chacma baboon often sleeps in large groups on cliffs or in trees at night to avoid predators. The morning dispersal from the sleeping site is synchronized, with all members leaving at the same time. In most cases, dispersal is initiated by a single individual, and the other members of the group decide whether or not to follow. At least five followers must be recruited for a successful dispersal initiation, and not all initiation attempts are successful. Surprisingly, the initiator's dominance status shows little correlation with successful initiation of departure; more-dominant individuals are no more likely to lead a successful departure than subordinate individuals. One study has shown that while the success rate of dispersal initiation attempts is relatively constant across all sexes, male are more likely to attempt initiation than females, and lactating females are less likely to attempt initiation than females without dependent offspring. A separate study has achieved slightly different results. While dominance hierarchy does not play a significant role in initiating the morning dispersal, social affiliation does. Chacma baboons that play a more central role in the group (as measured by grooming behavior and time spent with other members) are more likely to be followed during the morning dispersal. This study concluded that group members are more likely to follow the behavior of individuals with which they are closely affiliated.
Dominance does play a role in group foraging decisions. A dominant individual (usually the alpha male) leads the group to easily monopolized resources. The group usually follows, even though many subordinate members cannot gain access to that particular resource. As in morning dispersal, the inclination of group members to follow the leader is positively associated with social interactions with that dominant individual.
Collective foraging behavior, with many individuals taking advantage of the same resource at once, has also been observed. However, this behavior can be chiefly attributed to shared dietary needs rather than social affiliation. Pregnant females, who share similar dietary needs, are more likely to synchronize their behavior than fertile females. Foraging synchronization decreases in areas with lower food density.
Adoption behavior has been observed in chacma baboons. Orphaned baboons whose mothers have disappeared or died are often too small to care for themselves. In one study of nine natural orphans and three introduced orphans, all but one orphan were adopted by another member of the group. The individual that was not adopted was 16 months old, four months older than the next oldest orphan, and was old enough to survive on its own. Adoption behavior includes sleeping close to the orphaned infant, grooming and carrying the orphan, and protecting it from harassment by other members of the troop. Both males and females care for infants, and care does not depend on the infant's sex. Additionally, all caregivers are prereproductive, only four or five years of age. The two major theories explaining this behavior are kin selection, in which caregivers take care of potentially related orphans, and parental practice, in which young caregivers increase their own fitness by using an orphan to practice their own parental skills.
Males and female chacma baboons often form relationships referred to as "friendships". These cooperative relationships generally occur between lactating females and adult males. The females are believed to seek out male friendships to gain protection from infanticide. In many baboon species, immigrant alpha males often practice infanticide upon arrival in a new troop. By killing unrelated infants, the new male shortens the time until he can mate with the females of the troop. A female with dependent offspring generally does not become sexually receptive until she weans her offspring at around 12 months of age. However, a mother usually becomes sexually receptive shortly after the death of her offspring.
This protection hypothesis is supported by studies of stress hormones in female baboons during changes in the male hierarchy. When an immigrant male ascends to the top of the male dominance hierarchy, stress hormones in lactating and pregnant females increases, while stress hormones in females not at risk of infanticide stay the same. Additionally, females in friendships with males exhibit a smaller rise in stress hormones than do females without male friends.
The benefits of friendship to males are less clear. A male is more likely to enter into friendships with females with which he has mated, which indicates males might enter into friendships to protect their own offspring and not just to protect that female's future reproductive success. These friendships may play a role in the mating system of chacma baboons. A female will often mate with several males, which increases the number of potential fathers for her offspring and increases the chances she will be able to find at least one friend to protect her infants.
Female chacma baboons have been observed to compete with each other for male friends. This may be the result of one male having a high probability of paternity with multiple females. These competitions are heavily influenced by the female dominance hierarchy, with dominant females displacing subordinate females in friendships with males. Generally, when a more-dominant female attempts to make friends with an individual which is already the friend of a subordinate female, the subordinate female reduces grooming and spatial proximity to that male, potentially leaving her offspring at higher risk of infanticide.
The chacma baboon is widespread and does not rank among threatened animal species. However, in some confined locations, such as South Africa's Southern Cape Peninsula, local populations are dwindling due to habitat loss and predation from other protected species, such as leopards and lions. Some troops have become a suburban menace, overturning trash cans and entering houses in their search for food. These troops can be aggressive and dangerous, and such negative encounters have resulted in hunting by frustrated local residents. This isolated population is thought to face extinction within 10 years.
The chacma is listed under Appendix II of CITES as it occurs in many protected areas across its range. The only area in South Africa where they are monitored is in the Cape Peninsula, where they are protected.
Observations by those working hands-on in South Africa's rehabilitation centers have found this species is damaged by human intervention; troop structures are influenced, and over the years a significant loss in numbers has occurred. Because they live near human habitats, baboons are shot, poisoned, electrocuted, run over, and captured for the pet industry, research laboratories and muthi (medicine).[32] Despite this, assessors working for the IUCN believe there are no major threats that could result in a range-wide decline of the species.
(Wikipedia)
Der Bärenpavian oder Tschakma (Papio ursinus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Paviane innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae). Er lebt im südlichen Afrika.
Mit einer Kopfrumpflänge von bis zu 115 Zentimetern, wozu noch ein bis zu 71 Zentimeter langer Schwanz kommt, und einem Gewicht von 15 bis 31 Kilogramm bilden sie die größte und schwerste Pavianart. Ihr Fell ist an der Oberseite dunkelbraun oder grau gefärbt, die Unterseite ist heller, die Hände und Füße sind meist schwarz. Die langgezogene, unbehaarte Schnauze ist dunkelviolett oder schwarz gefärbt, ebenso die Sitzschwielen. Die Fellfärbung und die Größe sind nach Region variabel, so gibt es eine Population mit grauen Pfoten; besonders kleine Exemplare kommen zum Beispiel in der Kalahari vor.
Die Männchen sind deutlich größer und schwerer als die Weibchen und haben auch längere Eckzähne, im Gegensatz zu den übrigen Pavianarten fehlt ihnen aber die Mähne an den Schultern und am vorderen Rücken.
Bärenpaviane leben im südlichen Afrika, genauer in Angola, Botswana, Mosambik, Namibia, Südafrika und Sambia. Sie bewohnen sowohl Steppen und Savannen als auch offene Waldgebiete, sind jedoch auf das Vorhandensein von Wasser angewiesen.
Wie alle Paviane leben sie in Gruppen, meistens in gemischten Gruppen, in manchen Regionen (zum Beispiel im gebirgigen Südafrika) dominieren jedoch die Einmännchengruppen (siehe Gruppenverhalten der Paviane). Die Bärenpaviane zeigen ein komplexes Gruppenverhalten und kommunizieren mittels Körperhaltungen, Gesichtsausdrücken, Lauten und durch Körperkontakte. Bärenpaviane sind Allesfresser; sie haben eine Vorliebe für Früchte, nehmen jedoch auch Blätter, Insekten, Samen und kleinere Wirbeltiere zu sich.
Die Fortpflanzung kann das ganze Jahr über erfolgen, die Weibchen weisen während der fruchtbaren Phase eine ausgeprägte Regelschwellung auf. Innerhalb der gemischten Gruppen kann sich prinzipiell jedes Männchen mit jedem Weibchen paaren. Das führt zu teilweise erbitterten Auseinandersetzungen unter den Männchen um das Paarungsvorrecht.
Nach einer rund 180-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt, das zunächst schwarz gefärbt ist. Mit rund einem Jahr werden die Jungen entwöhnt, mit drei bis fünf Jahren tritt die Geschlechtsreife ein. Das Höchstalter eines Tieres in menschlicher Obhut betrug 45 Jahre, in freier Wildbahn ist die Lebenserwartung deutlich geringer.
Bärenpaviane sind weit verbreitet und zählen nicht zu den bedrohten Tierarten. Manchmal gelten sie als Plage, da sie Plantagen verwüsten.
In Uitenhage war in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts ein Bärenpavian namens Jack Assistent eines körperbehinderten Streckenwärters.
(Wikipedia)
St Mary at Quay, Key Street, Ipswich
Back in 1999, I said in an early version of this article that St Mary at Quay had surely the most urban and industrial setting of any East Anglian church. It was, and is, a grubby little jewel, and its setting in a sea of concrete and high-rise, surrounded by factories and dual-carriageways, created quite a contrast.
When I first moved to Ipswich in the 1980s, this was a busy area, a hive of industrial activity. Immediately opposite the church was the Cranfield factory; they made animal feed, and a bit further down was Paul, the malsters. To the west was the white tower of Burton, the confectionery factory. On crisp winter mornings the air was full of sweetly fragranced steam, the smell of Wagon Wheels and Jammie Dodgers being made. The waterfront, behind the factories, was increasingly moribund, with the larger boats no longer able to negotiate the lock gates. Still, you might see grain ships from Hamburg, or timber being offloaded from Soviet Russia, the sailors on the decks mysterious as they looked wistfully out at the town centre skyline. At the end of the docks was the Tolly Cobbold brewery, another set of sweet smells and activity.
Today, almost all of that activity and setting has gone. The dock has become a busy upmarket marina, and St Mary sits on the edge of what became the largest building site in the east of England, the regeneration of the Ipswich docklands. Not without controversy, the Waterfront Development changed the face of Ipswich. The vast factory complexes made way for high rise apartment blocks and loft conversions. The brewery has stood empty these last twenty years. There are restaurants and retail spaces, a dance theatre, and most of all a new University.
Although most of the development, which stretches around all sides of the Wet Dock, is no more than ten storeys high, the Mill. a centrepiece tower not far from St Mary which rises to an amazing 25 storeys, is the highest residential block in the east of England. Beside it stands the wine rack, twelve storeys of concrete shell, abandoned when the economy collapsed in 2008 and no doubt one day either to be demolished or finished.
A regeneration scheme on this scale, especially where the land has had hundreds of different owners and must be bought up painstakingly by the developers, inevitably causes a lot of planning blight. To visit this church any time in the last ten years has been to see it surrounded by a wasteland of overgrown empty lots, and only the dual carriageway gives the scene life. And yet, St Mary at Quay is very beautiful, and would be much admired and better known in a different setting. It has a pretty little tower, delicate windows and a beautiful clerestory. There are grand transepts. It is all of a piece, built in the 1450s. The hammerbeam roof is the original. This is Perpendicular writ small.
In Medieval times the dedication of the church was probably to Sancta Maria Stella Maris: Our Lady, Star of the Sea. The wealth of 15th and 16th century merchants like Henry Tooley and Thomas Pounder left their mark, in the form of fine fittings and magnificent memorials. These can now be seen in Ipswich Museum, and there is a replica of the Pounder brass on view in the church.
St Mary at Quay has been out of use for longer than any other Ipswich church. The church was restored rather primitively in the 1870s, but this restoration failed to address the greatest problem of the church. It is built on such marshy soil that it suffered from water ingress. This was worst in warm, wet weather, when the church vaults would flood, filling the building with an unbearable smell.
In 1898 the church closed, and the vaults were dug out and filled in to try and address the problem. But it recurred, causing frequent closures, until one night in 1943 when German bombs fell beside the little church, destroying the windows and causing other major structural damage.
The church closed again, this time never to reopen for regular worship. The fine set of benches went to St Andrew, Ipswich, where they can still be seen. The traditional East Anglian late medieval font went to Brantham, although it has now been returned. The organ went to a church in Norwich. From the 1950s to the 1970s, the church was used as a hall by Ipswich Boys Brigade. Well into the 21st Century, the curious brick partitions in the south aisle were still visible as the remains of their internal dividing walls. You could still see their badminton court marked out in the nave.
After its somewhat turbulent 20th Century, and to its eternal salvation, St Mary at Quay found itself in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust, their only Ipswich church. They gave the building a thorough restoration in the 1990s, and the church was rented out to Ipswich Arts who used it for exhibitions and art 'happenings' and Red Rose Chain Theatre, Ipswich's prominent alternative theatre company, whose home it became for several years. Their banked temporary seating, facing westwards, gave a stunning close view of Ipswich's finest medieval hammerbeam roof. In 2004, the building itself became an installation art project; geiger counters were put outside, and fitted up to the lighting system. They caused a flash of illumination every time background radiation was detected in the docklands air. This was pretty startling if you happened to be driving along the docks road at night, I can tell you.
I first visited the church in the late 1980s, and the most striking impression was of the sense of decay. The walls were blackened, the pillars of the arcades eroded by water ingress. Coming back in 2005 after the restoration, the church was full of light, and completely empty. The nave seemed square, it was so bereft of furnishing.
However, even as I was wandering around inside, it was becoming clear that the CCT's restoration was largely cosmetic. Decades of heavy traffic rolling past a few feet from the door as well as industrial activity on the soft ground around, coupled with the well-meaning but unfortunate misuse of a concrete raft to stabilise the foundations in the 1940s, meant that St Mary at Quay was crumbling and sinking, and something had to be done urgently. The repair bill would run into millions of pounds.
The Churches Conservation Trust went into partnership with the mental health charity Suffolk Mind, who applied for a Heritage Lottery Fund grant to convert St Mary at Quay into a well-being centre. They were awarded an astonishing £3.6 million, but even so a large proportion of the CCT's budget for the east of England was taken up with the project for a couple of years. A glass mezzanine was put up in the south aisle, which leads through to a two-storey glass and flint office extension in the south-east corner. This is rather alarming when viewed from the east, rather spoiling the harmony of the church's unified Perpendicular shape, but it could have been a lot worse. It seems almost to echo George Gilbert Scott's south transept on St Peter at the Waterfront a couple of hundred yards to the west.
Work began in April 2014, and is expected to be completed by the end of 2016. The building has been rebadged as Quay Place, and will be available for hire for exhibitions, concerts and so on. What access there will be for church explorers remains to be seen, although everyone involved in the project when I visited at Open Heritage Weekend in September 2016 seemed very friendly, even though they wouldn't let me go and have a look inside the new extension.
1934 Ford Brewster voiture de ville_Montage_01_2
www.hemmings.com/stories/article/1934-36-ford-town-car-by...
Most American companies were suffering from the economic quagmire of the Depression in the early 1930s, and Brewster & Co., the nation's oldest and most prestigious coachbuilder, was on the verge of financial ruin. On the other hand, the Ford Motor Company was running full steam ahead in the early 1930s, with its popular cars rolling on a wave of V-8 torque and affordable prices. Pairing the cheap Ford chassis with high-profile custom bodies might have been the key to Brewster's salvation, but the results did not take; what remained was a small group of cars that shared one of the most distinctive grilles in automotive history.
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La plupart des entreprises américaines souffraient du bourbier économique de la Dépression au début des années 1930, et Brewster & Co., le plus ancien et le plus prestigieux carrossier du pays, était au bord de la ruine financière. D'un autre côté, la Ford Motor Company fonctionnait à plein régime au début des années 1930, avec ses voitures populaires roulant sur une vague de couple V-8 et des prix abordables. Jumeler le châssis Ford bon marché avec des carrosseries personnalisées prestigieuses aurait peut-être été la clé du salut de Brewster, mais les résultats n'ont pas pris; ce qui restait était un petit groupe de voitures qui partageaient l'une des calandres les plus distinctives de l'histoire de l'automobile.
J'ai appris ce magnifique modèle au M.F.P.P. Paris. j'aime ce porte-monnaie pour plusieurs raisons la première : le design géométrique, la seconde : le format A , un des format les plus courant, la troisième : la simplicité des étapes., et la quatrième : ce modèle se pli en moins de 3 min, J'adore :). Le flickr de Hans-Werner Guth : www.flickr.com/photos/hwguth/https://www.flickr.com/photo...
I learned this wonderful model from M.F.P.P. Paris. I like this wallet for several reasons the first: the geometric design, the second: the format A, one of the most common format, the third: the simplicity of the steps., and the fourth: this model folds less of 3 min, I love :). The flickr of Hans-Werner Guth: www.flickr.com/photos/hwguth/https://www.flickr.com/photo...
Link to NowPublic.com article on Iceland
www.nowpublic.com/world/iceland-most-peaceful-nation-us-97th
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Press Release
YOKO ONO TO PRESENT CITYWIDE ART PROJECT FOR “STREET SCENES, DC” DURING THE MONTH OF APRIL 2007
Artist Yoko Ono will present a series of installations and audience participation works around Washington, D.C., as part of Street Scenes: Project for DC, a public art program curated by Nora Halpern and Welmoed Laanstra.
Ms. Ono will exhibit ten trees around the city, as part of her ongoing Wish Tree project, which she began in the 1990s as a way of encouraging the public to become participants in the art process. The trees will be installed at the steps of the Jefferson Memorial at the Tidal Basin as part of the National Cherry Blossom Festival, at THEARC in Anacostia, and at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden on the National Mall
“As a child in Japan, I used to go to a temple and write out a wish on a piece of thin paper and tie it around the branch of a tree,” Ms. Ono said. “Trees in temple courtyards were always filled with people’s wish knots, which looked like white flowers blossoming from afar.”
With her Wish Trees, which are part of a city-wide project called IMAGINE PEACE, Ms. Ono is invoking the intention of the initial 1912 gift of cherry blossom trees to the United States from the nation of Japan, and she asks that we contemplate all aspects that the words inspire. Ms. Ono invites people to write a wish (either a personal or a global-minded one) and tie it onto a Wish Tree. At the end of the installation, the Washington, DC, wishes will be collected and added to the other wishes generated by the Wish Tree projects she has mounted around the world and become part of her Imagine Peace Tower, which will be inaugurated in October 2007 in Reykjavik, Iceland. Following the Street Scenes installation, the trees from the Tidal Basin and the trees at THEARC will be planted in the Anacostia community. The Wish Tree installation at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden will become a permanent artwork, gifted to the museum by the artist.
In addition, Ms. Ono will visit the site at the Japanese Lantern Lawn, just west of the Kutz Bridge at Independence Avenue & 17th Street. SW, on the other side of the Tidal Basin, where the first cherry blossoms were planted in 1912. The artist will ask participants to "whisper a wish to the bark of the trees."
Ms. Ono will also present text pieces, including disseminating IMAGINE PEACE posters, and ribbons that read, “this line is a part of a very large circle.” These artworks will be free to the public and will be distributed at three locations: the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, THEARC and Provisions Library.
An IMAGINE PEACE billboard will be installed on the Verizon Center (at the intersection of 7th Street and G Street, NW) and will be on display through April 30. A poster page will be placed in the March 29 edition of The Washington Post Express (circulation almost 200,000), in the hopes that they will wind up hanging in offices and homes around the city and surrounding areas.
“This project,” say Street Scenes co-curators Nora Halpern and Welmoed Laanstra, “is part of our effort to turn the streets of Washington, DC, into a living art gallery. Ms. Ono's work celebrates the universal longing for peace: whether it is individual peace of mind, peace for a local community, or a more global aspiration. By installing components throughout the city, the project seeks to unite the varying neighborhoods of Washington and their residents and workers in the desire for progress and understanding--in matters large and small, at home and abroad."
IMAGINE PEACE is the third installation of Street Scenes: Projects for DC. The overarching concept of Yoko Ono’s project parallels the working philosophy of Street Scenes: Projects for DC: art and the ideas it generates can unify a city and all of its neighborhoods by creating an experience shared by those who are art aficionados and those who are not.
Street Scenes: Projects for DC was created in the spring of 2006 and is supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, Maria and Bill Bell, Stuart Mott Charitable Trust, the National Cherry Blossom Festival, The DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities, Downtown BID, Bussolati and Associates, Americans for the Arts, The Mandarin Oriental Hotel, Barbara and Aaron Levine and several generous individuals.
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Washington Post
April 4, 2007
Yoko Ono (widow of Beatles singer John Lennon) wants Washington to give peace a chance
Tourists wandering by the Jefferson Memorial on Monday morning got a bit of a celebrity surprise, as Yoko Ono stopped by as part of her interactive Wish Tree art project.
“Hello, this is Yoko,” she said as she took the stage in front of the Tidal Basin, adding that the “cherry blossoms are even more beautiful than I ever heard about.”
Wearing black and a white pageboy cap with sunglasses, Ono asked everyone present to fill out a tag with a wish and tie it to one of six potted cherry tree saplings (not the actual cherry trees — touching them is illegal).
But first, she showed them how it was done. Her wish: “The cherry blossoms in Washington, D.C., will always bring beauty and peace to this city. So be it. 4-02-07.”
In addition to the throng of Japanese media, we even spotted a couple of Beatles enthusiasts in the crowd — one in a Beatlemania T-shirt and another in a Ringo T-shirt. Apparently, they’re not among the segment of fans who blame her for breaking up the band.
The installation is part of Ono’s citywide “Imagine Peace” project, which also includes a large billboard outside the Verizon Center.
“We’re going around the world trying to get the message of ‘imagine peace’ around the world,” she said.
After the Tidal Basin event, Ono traveled to THEARC cultural center in Anacostia, where three more Wish Trees were set up. All nine trees from the Tidal Basin and Anacostia will be permanently planted at THEARC. A 10th tree will be planted at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
But what of the wishes themselves? Fear not, she said. They will not be destroyed, but rather will go to the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland, where they’ll be kept for a “couple of centuries.”
Article complet sur : militaryphotoreport.blogspot.com/2020/10/les-griffon-du-p...
Complete article on : militaryphotoreport.blogspot.com/2020/10/les-griffon-du-p...
Article in French here : www.blogotheque.net/Fleet-Foxes
Article in English here : www.blogotheque.net/Fleet-Foxes,4532
A friend’s friend let us into an abandoned wing of the Grand Palais. There were empty spaces, as if abandoned at short notice, unreasonably high ceilings. The perfect place for the Fleet Foxes.
www.takeawayshows.com / www.myspace.com/fleetfoxes
Produced by Chryde and La Blogotheque : www.blogotheque.net / Directed by Vincent Moon : www.temporaryareas.com / Edited by Lucas Archambault / Sound by JB Aubonnet
This is a frame from a video. You can watch it on Vimeo.
Published by Jos. M. Etches.
Postally unused (c.1960s).
See the article by Douglas G Hope, Researcher, here: www.yorkrambling.btck.co.uk/AboutthefounderofCHAHF
In case it vanishes, here is Douglas G Hope's text:
The legacy of Thomas Arthur Leonard, founder of co-operative and communal holidays and Father of the open-air holiday movement.
Thomas Arthur Leonard, who founded the Co-operative Holidays Association (CHA) in 1893 and the Holiday Fellowship (HF) in 1913, was described on his death in 1948 as the Father of the open-air holiday movement. This article seeks to show that this epitaph is no under-statement.
By common consent, the CHA originated in 1891 when Leonard, Minister of the Dockray Square Congregational Church in Colne, Lancashire, took 32 members of the church’s social guild on a four day’s holiday to Ambleside in the Lake District. Leonard sought to dissuade the young workers of Colne from going in droves during ‘Wakes Week’ to Blackpool, Morecambe or the Isle of Man and introduce them instead to the pleasures of the wilds of Pendle Hill, Ribblesdale and the Lake District. The following photograph of that first holiday group is taken from ‘A Hundred Years of Holidays’ edited by Robert Speake, a long serving CHA Member, and published to celebrate the centenary of the CHA in 1993.
In most references to the origins of the CHA and HF, Leonard is described as the Reverend T A Leonard, a congregational minister from Colne, Lancashire, and the image presented is of an elderly Victorian gentleman. The following photograph is taken from David Hardman’s History of the Holiday Fellowship: 1913-1940, published in 1981, which also appears in Harry Wroe’s more recent Story of HFholidays, published in 2007.
What else do we know about Thomas Arthur Leonard, the man, and of his many achievements?
According to his birth certificate, Leonard was born in Finsbury, London on 12 March 1864, at 50 Tabernacle Walk near John Wesley’s first chapel on City Road, Finsbury. His father was a clock and watchmaker; Finsbury and neighbouring Clerkenwell being centres of clock and watchmaking in the 19th century. His mother was the daughter of the eminent congregational minister, John Campbell, minister at the Whitefields Tabernacle on Tabernacle Row just round the corner. Leonard, therefore, inherited a Congregationalist tradition.
Leonard’s father unfortunately died when he was five years old and the family moved to Hackney, where Leonard’s education included trips to Heidelburg in Germany, an experience which sowed the seed for his interest in International relations. Little is known about this phase of his life but Census Records show that by 1881, the family had moved to Eastbourne, where Leonard’s mother ran a lodging house. Leonard worked as a builder’s clerk and it was at Eastbourne that he met his future wife, Mary Arletta Coupe, a Sunday-school teacher. His leaning towards the congregational church led him to enrol in 1884 at the Congregational Institute in Nottingham, newly established by Dr. John Brown Paton, a pioneer of educational and social reform. Subsequent events confirm that J B Paton’s undoubted influence on Leonard shaped the character of the future CHA and HF.
After 3 years at the Nottingham Institute, Leonard took up his first pastorate at the Abbey Road Congregational Church in Barrow-in-Furness in 1887. At this time, Barrow was expanding fast with widespread squalor, sickness and conflict between migrant communities. Leonard sought to improve the social as well as spiritual conditions of his congregation but struggled to reconcile his faith and ideals with the reality of life in this Victorian boomtown. Church records reveal that he had a few differences of opinion with his deacons, who felt that he was rather too radical. It was at Barrow that he first took his congregation on rambles in the Lake District.
He resigned his post at Barrow-in-Furness at the beginning of 1890 and it was in September of that year that he arrived at Colne. The following June, he took his first holiday party to the Smallwood House Hotel on Compston Road, Ambleside. “It were champion” was the verdict of the thirty-two men who had walked the fells, heard talks on flowers and trees and the contours of the mountain scene, listened to the poetry of Wordsworth, and learned the pleasures of fellowship. The details are described in Leonard’s book Adventures in Holiday Making.
After an equally successful trip to Caernarvon in North Wales in 1892, J B Paton encouraged Leonard to expand his holiday programme under the auspices of the National Home Reading Union (NHRU), which Paton had founded in 1889. “Do it for thousands” he is reported to have said. From 1893, holidays followed to an increasing number of destinations with a voluntary committee with Paton as Chairman and Leonard as Secretary. Holidays under the auspices of the NHRU continued until 1897 when the Co-operative Holidays Association was formally constituted with Paton as President and Leonard as General Secretary.
The objects of the CHA, as set out by T A Leonard were:
To provide simple and strenuous recreative and educational holidays and to promote friendship and fellowship amid the beauty of the natural world.
Leonard has been described as a Christian Socialist and disciple of Matthew Arnold and John Ruskin. There is no doubt that he was influenced by contemporary social and political thought. He gained inspiration from William Morris, Edward Carpenter and Charles Kingsley. The term guest-house for the CHA accommodation, first used when Ardenconnel House near Rhu on the Clyde was purchased in 1898, came from Morris’s News from Nowhere, although the term Gasthaus was in common usage in Germany. Lecturers and guides at CHA centres included leading academics and distinguished professionals such as Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley of Crosthwaite, near Keswick, later founder of the National Trust, who introduced the first parties to the Lake District to the poetry of Wordsworth and the teachings of John Ruskin.
Reflecting Leonard’s philosophy, the CHA’s first purpose-built centre, Moor Gate Guest House, at Hope in the Derbyshire Peak District, opened in 1916, was designed in the Arts and Crafts Style. The house was extensively refurbished in 1991 with the introduction of en-suite facilities and continued to provide all the year round CHA holidays until 1999 when it was sold to Shearings. Now privately owned, and re-named the Losehill House Hotel, it is a luxury hotel and conference centre.
Leonard was also an enthusiastic member of the fledgling Independent Labour Party in the 1890s and knew many of its leading figures. He shared a platform with Keir Hardy at a meeting in Colne in 1894 and advertised holidays in Labour Prophet, a socialist journal established by John Trevor, a Unitarian Minister who founded the Labour Church. Leonard was outspoken at meetings on socialism, betting and liquor reform and the local paper, the Colne and Nelson Times, reported many of his speeches and activities during his time at Colne. In fact, his socialist views once again caused friction with the deacons of his church, although the majority of his congregation strongly supported him.
Leonard resigned his Ministerial post at Colne Congregational Church in 1894 in order to pursue his wider social aspirations. Letters and other contributions to the Colne and Nelson Times illustrate the heart-felt sorrow of many of his congregation at his decision to leave his work at Colne.
Leonard and his wife left Colne on 24 December 1894 “accompanied by the well wishes of a large crowd of townspeople who met them at Colne Station”. Leonard spent 1895 running J B Paton’s first Social Institute in Islington, London, although he did return to Colne on a number of occasions to preach and give speeches in local halls. During 1895, the holiday scheme operated from an office in South Tottenham and in 1896 from the CHA’s first centre at Abbey House, Whitby. However, by 1897, the continued expansion of the holiday programme required a permanent office and so the Co-operative Holidays Association was established as a legal entity.
By 1913, the CHA had thirteen British centres catering for 20,000 guests. Although foreign travel was not one of its original objectives, the CHA experimented with trips to Switzerland, France, Germany and Norway. During this time, Leonard became great friends with J B Paton’s son, John Lewis Paton, who as High Master of Manchester Grammar School was an outstanding educationalist of the Victorian and Edwardian periods. With J L Paton, Leonard organised exchange school trips between Britain and Germany, students and young workers staying at CHA centres.
It came as a great shock to many members of the CHA, when in November 1912, Leonard announced his intention to resign from his post as General Secretary of the CHA and form a new organisation. The reason given by Leonard in his book was his desire to extend the work begun 20 years ago and bring holidays within the reach of poorer folk. Records reveal a growing dis-satisfaction with the General committee’s desire to improve the quality of centres. In his letter of resignation he makes his views clear:
I have been conscious for some time that an important section of the Committee have lacked confidence in my judgement upon certain matters…..The questions upon which my advice has been passed over has reference to the appointment or otherwise of Manageresses, the selection of furnishings, provisioning and other arrangements at the centres.
It may also be that his opinions on British-German relations jarred with the views of some members of the Association. Leonard was a convinced pacifist and supported efforts to prevent the outbreak of the First World War. He became great friends with a number of like-minded labour politicians. Hubert Beaumont, a future Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons in the 1945 Labour Government, was a family friend before the First World War and both Ramsay MacDonald and Philip Snowden (Prime Minister and Chancellor respectively of the Labour Government in the 1920s) were visitors to Leonard’s home at ‘Bryn Corach’ at Conwy in North Wales during World War One. In his book he describes ‘Bryn Corach’ as ‘A haven of peace to many nerve-strained folk from the raided areas and for the soldiers in training and their friends, and not least to those peace-lovers who suffered for their principles in those days’.
Nevertheless, the split with the CHA was reasonably amicable, with the HF taking over the CHA’s centre at Newlands in the Lake District and a centre at Kelkheim in Germany. The objects of the new organisation were similar to those of the CHA but with a greater emphasis on International Relations. There was no thought of competition between the two organisations.
Prior to 1913, Leonard had moved from CHA centre to CHA centre. Leaving Colne in December 1894, he lived in Tottenham, London for a year and then took up residence at Abbey House, Whitby in 1896. The CHA’s office and Leonard moved to Ardenconnel, Rhu in 1899 and then to Park Hall, Hayfield in 1902. When the CHA established its office in Brunswick Street, Manchester in 1908, the Leonard’s took up residence in Marple Bridge, near Stockport. In 1914 he moved to ‘Bryn Corach’, Conwy, the HF’s first headquarters.
Leonard was General Secretary of HF from 1914 until 1925 when HF decided to establish its headquarters in London. He resigned as General Secretary and the post of International Secretary was created for him, a post he occupied from 1925-1930. He then took a back seat, moving from ‘Bryn Corach’ into a nearby cottage, ‘Wayside’ in 1935, but remained on the General Committee. He was elected President of the HF in 1938/39 and was then Vice-President until his death in 1948.
By the time of his death, HF operated some 30 centres with over 45,000 guests. CHA meanwhile had also expanded and operated some 25 guest houses with 30,000 guests. Notwithstanding Leonard’s aim of returning to more Spartan accommodation, the CHA and HF developed in a very similar way with country house accommodation. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the HF operated some 40 British Centres catering for over 60,000 guests. The CHA, renamed Countrywide Holidays in 1964, operated 25-30 guest houses catering for some 30,000 guests. The following graph shows how the two organisations were seriously affected by changing economic circumstances in the latter part of the twentieth century. Recession and inflation in the 1980s led to a considerable down-sizing of both organisations with the CHA eventually going out of business in 2004 with the sale of its last property, Stanley Ghyll House in Eskdale in the Lake District.
Although Leonard’s involvement with HF declined after 1930, he never rested on his laurels. It’s probably true to say that through the 1920s and 30s, Leonard also became dis-satisfied with the progress of the HF. Minutes reveal him constantly trying to reign-in those who wanted to continually expand and improve the standard of accommodation provided. He pushed for youth centres and Spartan accommodation such as that provided at Wall End Farm in Great Langdale in the Lake District, rather than the country house type of accommodation favoured by the General Committee of HF.
His desire to keep accommodation as simple as possible led him to play a prominent part in the establishment of the Youth Hostels Association. It was at the headquarters of the Liverpool HF Club that the Liverpool & District Branch of the British YHA was set up in December 1929 by Leonard, Harry H Symonds, Tom Fairclough and others. When the YHA was formally founded in April 1930, Leonard became one of its four Vice-Presidents. When he was gifted Goldrill House in Patterdale by HF on his retirement in 1932, he promptly let it to the YHA as one of its first youth hostels.
He was President of the Merseyside Ramblers’ Federation before the establishment of the Ramblers’ Association and chaired the first meeting of the ten Area Ramblers’ Federations held in 1931 to form the National Council of Ramblers’ Federations. He became the National Council’s first Chairman and continued in this role until 1938 when the Ramblers’ Association was formed. He then became the Ramblers’ Association’s first President, a role he held until 1946 when it was taken over by John Dower, the architect of the 1949 National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act.
Leonard was connected with a range of other organisations. He strongly supported the National Trust (founded by his close friend, Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley and Octavia Hill), the Footpaths Preservation Society and the Campaign for National Parks. He was a founding member of the Friends of the Lake District in 1934. He was President of the Grey Court Fellowship, founded in 1935 to provide holidays for unemployed workers and their families from North-east Lancashire. They still run a holiday centre near Arnside on Morecambe Bay. He founded the Family Holidays Association after the Second World War, which was formed to convert derelict Government training camps into holiday homes for families. This organisation continued well into the 1960s.
Leonard joined the Society of Friends shortly after the First World War, the absence of a rigid creed and the freedom for intellectual thought which it afforded appeal strongly to him and he was a member of the Colwyn Bay Meeting for almost 30 years. In reaching this decision he might well have been influenced by friends and acquaintances such as Arnold Rowntree, Liberal MP, who championed the cause of conscientious objectors during the First World War. Arnold Rowntree was a prominent Quaker from the famous York confectionary family and was the first President of the Holiday Fellowship.
Leonard was awarded the OBE in the 1937 Coronation Honours for his work in outdoor activities. The extent of his influence on the development of countryside leisure is illustrated by the range of organisations represented at his 80th birthday celebrations held at the Friend’s House in London on 18 March 1944 attended by almost 100 guests.
The attendance book is signed by representatives of the CHA, HF, YHA, Ramblers’ Association, National Trust and the Councils for the Protection of Rural England and Rural Wales. All these organisations owed their existence to some degree to the example set by Leonard. Many of Leonard’s old friends such as Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley and Ramsay MacDonald had died by 1944 but signatories include Lord Woolton, President of CHA, who as Fred Marquis was MD of Lewis’s in Liverpool before World War Two and was Minister for Food during the war (and famous for “Woolton Pie”); Hubert Beaumont, Derbyshire County Councillor between the wars and Labour MP in Ramsay MacDonald’s Government in the 1930s; C E M Joad, an eminent philosophy, ranking alongside Bertrand Russell and George Bernard Shaw, who also visited Leonard at ‘Bryn Corach’; Tom Stephenson, celebrated access campaigner and originator of the Pennine Way; Harry Griffin, journalist and writer, who wrote the Guardian’s Country Diary for 53 years; and John Lewis Paton, son of J B Paton who had such a strong influence on the development of the CHA and HF. Arnold Rowntree, President of HF, was too ill at the time to attend the celebrations but York was represented by Walter Ingleby, President of the York CHA & HF Rambling Club.
In his book, The Englishman’s Holiday published in 1947, J A R Pimlott ranks Leonard alongside Thomas Cook and Billy Butlin as a pioneer of the holiday movement.
A series of photographs taken in 1947, probably for a newspaper article, glorify Leonard’s accomplishments.
When he died he was cremated at a simple Friends Service at Anfield Crematorium in Liverpool. Obituaries appeared in newspapers published all over England, Wales and Scotland. They describe him as at his best and happiest when originating some new venture; a crusader; also a rebel, never reluctant to ‘tilt at windmills’; but also generous and gracious. One obituary states “His fertile imagination, his great powers of persuasion, his friendship and warm heartedness were responsible for the initiation and success of many enterprises which brought joy, happiness, fellowship and comfort to tens of thousands. He sought no personal gain for himself.’
The memorial plaques erected after his death are inscribed with the words: Believing that “The best things any mortal hath are those which every mortal shares”, he endeavoured to promote “Joy in widest commonalty spread”. The first part is taken from a hymn, written by Quaker Lucy Larcom, which was a popular CHA and HF song before the Second World War. The second part is taken from Wordsworth’s poem, ‘The Prelude’. They epitomise Leonard’s approach to holiday making and are still relevant today.
This article has concentrated on Leonard and his many achievements in the field of outdoor recreation. He has been somewhat ignored in recent times, as his vision of simple, affordable and sober holiday-making combined with the quiet enjoyment of the countryside has suffered as a result of increasing consumerism, changing cultural attitudes and expectations, and the search for more adventurous and exciting forms of outdoor recreation. Nevertheless, his promotion of friendship and fellowship in the outdoors remains as relevant today as it was 100 years ago.
His achievements in the outdoor recreation movement are rather under-rated today and I hope, through my research, to put that right.
Douglas G Hope
Researcher
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One American Family by Jim Kjelgaard
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