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The Timna Valley is located in southern Israel in the southwestern Arabah, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the Gulf of Aqaba and the town of Eilat. The area is rich in copper ore and has been mined since the 5th millennium BCE. There is controversy whether the mines were active during the Kingdom of Israel and the biblical King Solomon.[1]
A large section of the valley, containing ancient remnants of copper mining and ancient worship, is encompassed in a recreation park.
In July 2011, the Israeli government approved the construction of an international airport, the Timna Airport, in the Timna valley.
Copper mining[edit]
Copper has been mined in the area since the 5th or 6th millennium BCE.[3] Archaeological excavation indicates that the copper mines in Timna Valley were probably part of the Kingdom of Edom and worked by the Edomites, described as biblical foes of the Israelites,[4] during the 10th century BCE, the period of the legendary King Solomon.[5] Mining continued by the Israelites and Nabateans through to the Roman period and the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, and then by the Ummayads from the Arabian Peninsula after the Arab conquest (in the 7th century CE) until the copper ore became scarce.[6]
The copper was used for ornaments, but more importantly for stone cutting, as saws, in conjunction with sand.[7]
The recent excavations dating copper mining to the 10th century BCE also discovered what may be the earliest camel bones with signs of domestication found in Israel or even outside the Arabian peninsula, dating to around 930 BCE. This is seen as evidence by the excavators that the stories of Abraham, Joseph, Jacob and Esau were written or rewritten after this time seeing that the Biblical books frequently reference traveling with caravans of domesticated camels.[8]
Modern history
Scientific attention and public interest was aroused in the 1930s, when Nelson Glueck attributed the copper mining at Timna to King Solomon (10th century BCE) and named the site "King Solomon's Mines". These were considered by most archaeologists to be earlier than the Solomonic period until an archaeological excavation led by Erez Ben-Yosef of Tel Aviv University's found evidence indicating that this area was being mined by Edomites, a group who the Bible says were frequently at war with Israel.[10][11]
In 1959, Professor Beno Rothenberg, director of the Institute for Archeo-Metallurgical Studies at University College, London, led the Arabah Expedition, sponsored by the Eretz Israel Museum, and the Tel Aviv University Institute of Archaeology. The expedition included a deep excavation of Timna Valley, and by 1990 he discovered 10,000 copper mines and smelting camps with furnaces, rock drawings, geological features, shrines, temples, an Egyptian mining sanctuary, jewelry, and other artifacts never before found anywhere in the world.[12] His excavation and restoration of the area allowed for the reconstruction of Timna Valley’s long and complex history of copper production, from the Late Neolithic period to the Middle Ages.[13]
The modern state of Israel also began mining copper on the eastern edge of the valley in 1955, but ceased in 1976. The mine was reopened in 1980. The mine was named Timnah after a Biblical chief.
Geological features
Timna Valley is notable for its uncommon stone formations and sand. Although predominantly red, the sand can be yellow, orange, grey, dark brown, or black. Light green or blue sand occurs near the copper mines. Water and wind erosion have created several unusual formations that are only found in similar climates.
Solomon's Pillars
The most striking and well-known formation in Timna Valley are Solomon's Pillars. The pillars are natural structures that were formed by centuries of water erosion through fractures in the sandstone cliff until it became a series of distinct, pillar-shaped structures.[6]
American archaeologist Nelson Glueck caused a surge of attention for the pillars in the 1930s. He claimed that the pillars were related to King Solomon and gave them the name "Solomon's Pillars".[citation needed] Although his hypothesis lacked support and has not been accepted, the name stuck, and the claim gave the valley the attention that helped bring about the excavations and current national park.
The pillars are known as the backdrop for evening concerts and dance performances the park presents in the summer.[15]
Mushroom
The Mushroom is an unusual monolithic, mushroom-shaped, red sandstone rock formation known as a hoodoo. The mushroom shape was caused by wind, humidity, and water erosion over centuries.[15] The Mushroom is surrounded by copper ore smelting sites from between the 14th and 12th centuries BCE.[6]
Arches[edit]
The Arches are natural arches formed by erosion, as well, and can be seen along the western cliff of the valley. Arches are not as rare as Solomon's Pillars and the Mushroom, and similar structures can be found in elsewhere in the world. The walking trail that goes to the Arches also goes past the copper mine shafts.[6]
Source Wikipedia
I recently agreed to join the current round of the Portland Grid Project. I was a bit hesitant about the commitment but at the same time recognized the value in having some additional motivation to not just get out to make more photos, but to get outside of my usual routes in search of those photos. The first grid sent me off to the edge of Multnomah Village. I didn't quite know what to make of the area photographically, but that sort of exploration is also one of the reasons I figured this project might prove of value to me. So I took a couple of cameras with me but it was my Holga I ended up using the most. While other cameras I own may be more trusted, or more battle-worn, or have been with me longer, I don't know any other camera I would rather take into a situation where I don't know what I intend to do creatively speaking. Something about this camera lends itself well to exploration of various sorts, and encourages me to try different things. Anyway, at some point I was walking down one of the side streets noting the differences, but mostly the similarities, between the homes lined up one next to the other. So I spent an entire block stopping and overlapping a picture of one house over the next.
Holga 120N
Kodak Ektar 100 (but it is much better in b&w)
Approximate Focus Distance : 21.8m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/8.0
Exposure : 1/500 secs
Exposure Bias : -1/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 8.93m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 800
Aperture : f/10.0
Exposure : 1/1250 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 5.96m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/8.0
Exposure : 1/15 secs
Exposure Bias : +1/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 7.86m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS III USM Lens
ISO Speed 2000
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/30 secs
Exposure Bias : -4/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 8.93m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 640
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/640 secs
Exposure Bias : -1 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Taken from the Eastern Platform.
Dent railway station is on the historic Settle-Carlisle Line, with services to Leeds railway station and Carlisle railway station. Dent village is approximately 4.8 miles (8 km) by road to the west, and 400 ft (120 m) below the height of the station, with Cowgill being the nearest small village, located around half a mile away but at the foot of a steep (maximum 20% or 1 in 5) spiral access road.
At an altitude of 1,150 ft (350 m) and situated between Blea Moor Tunnel and Rise Hill Tunnel immediately to its north, Dent is the highest operational railway station on the National Rail network in England.
Approximate Focus Distance : 8.93m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 640
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/125 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
This lake is approximately 2.8 km (1.7 miles) in length by about 0.8 km (0.5 mile) in width, with a surface area of 5.3 sq/km (2 sq/miles) at an elevation of 1,860 m (6,100 ft)
It is fed by Peyto Creek, which drains water from Caldron Lake and Peyto Glacier which is part of the Wapta Icefield and rests along the continental divide.
During the summer, significant amounts of glacial rock flour flows into the lake from Peyto glacier, these suspended rock particles refract the light and gives off a vivid teal or turquoise color.
The colour varies depending on the season and even with the time of day. (Rock flour is essentially bedrock that has been ground down into extremely fine grains by glacial erosion)
Peyto Lake was named for Bill Peyto, a pioneer, mountain guide, and early park warden of the Banff National Park back in the early 1900’s.
If you’re wondering how to pronounce the name, it is ‘pea-toe’, but don’t worry if you still say and hear ‘pay-toe’; it’s how many people still say it!
Approximate Focus Distance : 12.2m
Canon EOS 5DS +
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM III Lens
ISO Speed 1600
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/200 secs
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 19.0m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 800
Aperture : f/8.0
Exposure : 1/640 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Looking approximately at Oughterard and Lough Corrib from the hills to the southwest of them. The river was really running after all of the rain we have had over the past few days.
Approximately 25km from Zakynthos Town is the small village of Anafonitria situated near Volimes. It is home to this 15th century Byzantine monastery, which was built in honour of the Virgin Mary. It was in this monastery that the patron saint of Zakynhtos, Agios Dionysios, lived the last years of his life as a monk.
© Neil Mair 2018. All rights reserved.
Use of my images without my explicit written permission is an infringement of copyright law.
Tagged with #monastery #anafonitria #zante #island #europe #travel #tourism #tourist #zakinthos #archway #entrance #tunnel #landscape #summer #ionian #greece #zakynthos
Approximate Focus Distance : 6.69m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/9.0
Exposure : 1/6 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 15.1m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 640
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/800 secs
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 11.6m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 320
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/1000 secs
Exposure Bias : -1/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
At approximately 0749 on September 15, 2020, UP Train MCXNP 14 ran a stop indication and derailed on a crossover switch at State Line Jct. on the KCT High Line while crossing over from 75 to 74 Track. The switches were out of correspondence, being thrown while the stop signal violation took place. At over 20 MPH, both engines and the head 5 cars derailed, listing but upright.
The derailment thankfully stayed on the ballasted deck bridge without falling to the ground below, but presented a unique challenge with where the equipment came to rest, necessitating the use of several contractors to remove the locomotives and railcars.
Wilkerson Crane Rental, Inc., and Cranemasters did most of the lifting, while Mainline Services LLC., under the direction of BNSF engineering forces, as they have the MOW contract on the KCT; replaced the track. Watco/KCTL dropped new ballast with a BNSF rock train to replace what was removed from the bridge deck during cleanup.
A myriad of other contractors also assisted in moving the needed materials and equipment into the site. The line returned to service at 0450 on the 17th without the crossover, which will be restored at a later date. It was nothing short of a fascinating procedure to watch as the equipment was recovered.
After Cranemasters and Wilkerson rerailed the lead unit, Mainline moved it aside with a Sideboom Cat, and the teams begin to work on rerailing the trailing SD70ACe. Underneath a KCT Transfer returns to Mill Street after running "out east" to Blue River Yard.
Locomotives: UP 6539, UP 9104
Rolling Stock: TTGX 697357
9-16-20
Kansas City, MO
Approximately 375 30-second exposures all stacked together. I think the addition of the off-road vehicles in this attempt adds a little something :)
Approximate Focus Distance : 25.7m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 640
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/250 secs
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 10.1m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/100 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 8.61m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS III USM Lens
ISO Speed 1600
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/500 secs
Exposure Bias : -1 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 25.7m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/500 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 25.7m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 800
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/8 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 5.38m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/80 secs
Exposure Bias : -1 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 9.05m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS III USM Lens
ISO Speed 2000
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/160 secs
Exposure Bias : -1/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 12.6m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/400 secs
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximately 100 Bald Eagles are perched in trees across the Harrison River. They gathered to feast on the dead salmon after they had spawned.
A best it is a poor record shot but it does give you a feel for what is out there. In about 180 degree view I suspect there were 500 to a 1000. Unfortunately they were very distant and were not feeding while I was there.
This 8x10 inch (approximately A4) cyanotype print was made with the classic cyanotype formula using 11x14 inch (approximately B4) Arches Aquarelle paper. The digital negative was made using a hand adjusted curve based on Peter Mrhrar and his free Easy Digital Negative (EDN) process. The digital negative was printed on a Canon Pixma Pro-100 printer using a generic inkjet transparency medium. The print was exposed in a home made enclosure containing ten UV tubes.
This print was made using techniques dating from 1842. I enjoy the challenges of using the same chemistry and techniques from over 180 years ago. This labor-intensive practice transforms a casual, ephemeral, disposable digital image into a unique, hand-crafted photographic print.
Approximate Focus Distance : 10.1m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/9.0
Exposure : 1/50 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Antofagasta, a port city in northern Chile, is featured in this image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.
Located around 1000 km north of Santiago, Antofagasta is the capital of both the Antofagasta Province and Region. The Antofagasta province borders the El Loa and Tocopilla provinces to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
The city stretches approximately 22 km along the coast, snuggled between the ocean and the arid mountains to the east. The largest city in northern Chile, Antofagasta has a population of around 400 000 people. The city’s early growth resulted from the discovery of nitrate deposits in 1866, while today the economy is mainly based on the exploitation of various minerals such as copper and sulphur.
In the right of the image, large, emerald green geometric shapes are visible and are most likely evaporation ponds used in mining operations. These bright colours are in stark contrast with the surrounding desert landscape, which is largely devoid of vegetation, making them easily identifiable from space.
The city of Antofagasta is also a communications centre on the Pan-American Highway, visible as distinctive black lines in the right of the image, and is also linked by rail to the mines, as well as Bolivia and Argentina.
Antofagasta is located within the Atacama Desert which is considered one of the driest places on Earth, as there are some parts of the desert where rainfall has never been recorded. Antofagasta typically has a cold desert climate with abundant sunshine, with January being its warmest month.
This image, captured on 6 January 2021, shows little cloud cover over the city and surrounding area but strong westerly winds have created distinct wave patterns over the ocean – visible all the way from space.
This image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission – a two-satellite mission to supply the coverage and data delivery needed for Europe’s Copernicus programme. Each satellite carries a high-resolution camera that images Earth’s surface in 13 spectral bands. Data from Sentinel-2 can help support ocean applications, monitor changes in urban expansion, land-cover change and agriculture monitoring.
This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme.
Credits: contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2021), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Approximate Focus Distance : 15.1m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 400
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/640 secs
Exposure Bias : +1 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
For my video; youtu.be/jb0HnSjlg40,
The bird had dropped it onto the beach from approximately 10 meters breaking it open
West End, Vancouver, British Columbia
Approximate Focus Distance : 15.1m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 50
Aperture : f/10.0
Exposure : 1/20 secs
Exposure Bias : -1 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 6.69m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1600
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/20 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Approximate Focus Distance : 11.4m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS III USM Lens
ISO Speed 1000
Aperture : f/8.0
Exposure : 1/2500 secs
Exposure Bias : -2/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm