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Heatersare typically mounted along the perimeter of the space when applicable. Door areas are stacked with extra units, or tube heater burner boxes are located by doors to provide extra heat. Care is taken to avoid violating the published clearances to combustibles with doors in the open position and/or lifts (with cars on them) in the up position. Common applications also utilize tubes located between lift rows (center of the building) or along side a wall with the heat shined inward. Outside combustion air is highly recommended. Lastly, do not place any heater inside of a paint booth
Western Townsite Company of Idaho
Lewiston, Nez Perce County, Idaho
Date: Not Issued
Source Type: Stock Certificate
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Goes Lithographing Company
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The Western Townsite Company of Idaho, located in Lewiston, Nez Perce County, Idaho, was incorporated in the State of Idaho on February 7, 1906. The company dissolved its corporate status on April 26, 1909.
The Western Townsite Company of Idaho was "organized for the purpose of carrying on a general real estate business and for the purpose of platting lands into streets, block, alleys and public grounds and of selling the same when so platted." The company was incorporated by its three officers; namely, E. W. Cook of Seattle, H. H. Field of Seattle, and L. N. Smith of Lewiston, Idaho.
The company did plat and sell land, including in the small village of St. Joe, Kootenai County, Idaho.
Sources:
Coeur d'Alene Evening Press, Coeur d'Alene, Kootenai County, Idaho; December 18, 1907; Volume 2, Number 109, Page 1, Column 6. Column titled "Real Estate Transfers."
Daily Idaho Press, Wallace, Shoshone County, Idaho; June 7, 1907; Volume 1, Number 208, Page 4, Column 2. Column titled "Real Estate Firm Formed."
Copyright 2024. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
John Clifford.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: John B. Clifford and his wife Hannah resided at 552 West Chicago Street in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house still stands in 2021.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 69]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 71]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Book and Printing Department
Date: 1910
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Elmer E. Starr
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This building housed the M. E. Bogarte Book Company, which was organized in 1904. Martin E. Bogarte operated a penmanship school at the Northern Indiana Normal School and Business Institute, the predecessor of Valparaiso University. He was a professor at the school for several decades.
If present day Short Street were extended south and College Avenue extended east, then this building would have been located on the northeast corner where these two roads once intersected one another.
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The following newspaper item from the November 13, 1891, issue of The Tribune relates the first elevator accident in Valparaiso took place in this bookstore:
Twinklings From The Star.
The first elevator accident in this city occurred on last Saturday afternoon, and it came near terminating fatally. B. F. Perrine has just completed and taken possession of a handsome business building on College Hill. The structure is a four story one and equipped with modern conveniencies, among which is the steam elevator. Bert Wise, an employe of the printing department, and James, a son of Mr. Perrine's, were on the elevator passing from the basement to the bindery on the top floor. A young lady employe asked that they bring the dust pan from below. As they passed the next floor James leaned out of the elevator door and was tantalizing the young lady who was waiting for the dust pan. The elevator passed upward and James realized his dangerous situation in time to draw back his head but not his hand, which was caught between the elevator and floor and drawn up half-way to the elbow before the machinery working the elevator could be stopped and a downward motion secured. The flesh of the arm was rolled and bruised in a most painful manner.
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The following news item appeared in the September 9, 1904, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
Chesterton Chips.
Friday's Indianapolis News has the following in its incorporation notes: The M. E. Bogarte Book company, Valparaiso, capital, $11,000; directors, M. E. Bogarte, John E. Roessler, George W. Neet and Charles W. Benton.
Sources:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; September 9, 1904; Volume 21, Number 23, Page 9, Column 6. Column titled "Chesterton Chips."
Starr, Elmer E. 1910. Souvenir 1910 Valparaiso University. Valparaiso, Indiana: Elmer E. Starr. 22 p.
The Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; November 13, 1891; Volume 8, Number 31, Page 4, Column 4. Column titled "Twinklings From The Star."
Copyright 2020. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Postal Date: Circa 1911
Scott Catalog Number of Postage Stamp: Not applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
SENDER:
None
RECIPIENT:
Roy Denny
REMARK:
Inserted within this postal cover are four pages of handwritten lines for Shakespeare's play The Taming of the Shrew.
One of Valparaiso's most noted musical organizations was the Salisbury Family Orchestra. Led by Joseph M. Salisbury and his wife, Abbie, the family performed professionally for seventeen years. When the youngest Salisbury child was about five years old (circa 1900), the family began to give public performances. The family disbanded in June 1917, giving several farewell concerts in Valparaiso. After disbanding, some members of the family then joined other organizations and were involved in vaudeville work. Agents for the family included Ernest Butler, Edgar Dowdell, and John Manion. Joseph and Abbie Salisbury were both killed when a South Shore electric train struck their automobile in The Pines subdivision in Pine Township, Porter County, on May 1, 1932.
Copyright 2011. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Paratriathletes compete over three disciplines, in five classification groups (PT1 – PT5). Although the disciplines are the same for the Olympic athlete, the training principles aren’t directly transferrable.
The short history of the sport means that effective training principles for the paratriathlete are still being developed, and there’s very little applicable published data in the area.
The British Triathlon Federation (BTF) and their paratriathlon performance manager Jonathan Riall decided that the best way to develop effective training principles for paratriathletes would be to carry out a scientific study of the development/elite squad of athletes, while documenting existing knowledge.
The BTF – with funding from the Peter Harrison Foundation – granted a physiological support project at Loughborough University (2014-2015) for the paratriathlon performance athletes.
The team at the Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport consists of Katy Griggs has carefully planned a programme of testing that will support the athletes and coaches during the build up to Rio 2016.
The main purpose is to give athletes a physiological advantage over their competitors, by ensuring that they’re in the best shape for Rio with an effective training strategy.
Phil Hogg at Loughborough University
The project involves assessing the squad members over a range of test protocols at specific points in their training cycle. As noted before, paratriathlon sports training knowledge is still developing and some of the ‘empirical laws’ of training may need to be challenged.
This has therefore provided staff within the PHC a valuable opportunity to collect data of this nature. Alongside the longitudinal physiological profiles of paratriathletes, three main applied research topics have been developed:
1. Understanding the economy of running/pushing following the transition of the cycle discipline;
2. Monitoring the immune function in paratriathletes across a season;
3. Cooling and acclimatisation strategies for paratriathletes.
Many paratriathletes will display a unique physiological response during exercise depending upon their physical impairment. For example, for athletes in the PT1 class (wheelchair athletes), the considerably smaller amount of muscle mass used and varying trunk stability must be taken into account. These athletes will also have impaired thermoregulatory capacity compared with their able-bodied counterparts.
British paratriathlete at Loughborough University
This is most likely caused by impairment to the nervous system which disrupts the control of skin blood flow. Moreover, athletes with cerebral palsy will display impaired movement patterns during fatigue and may also find exercise in the heat detrimental to performance. Research is still ongoing for the second and third topics highlighted above, but further work is warranted.
It is envisaged that the applied research findings, together with the testing and monitoring of the training programmes, will enable the PHC team to educate the athletes and their coaches to understand the physiological background of training principles and preparation strategies. In turn this will help with the development of training programmes that are specific to the sport as well as to the individual concerned.
J. F. Talcott.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: J. F. Talcott and his wife Minerva resided at 204 East Water Street [now Brown Street] in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house still stands in 2021.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 147]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 72]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Claus Specht.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Claus Specht and his wife Anna resided at 108 Michigan Avenue in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house may still stand but has been significantly remodeled to change the roof appearance.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 142]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 76]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
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Searchers in Cellar of Gunnes Home
Date: 1908
Source Type: Photo Negative
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Unknown
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Belle Gunness, often referred to as the Lady Bluebeard, is considered to be the first American female serial killer.
Born in 1858 in Selbu, Norway, Belle Gunness emigrated to America in the mid 1880s. Belle married Mads Sorenson in 1893, and together they operated a store in Chicago. The store burned down, and Mads and Belle collected insurance on the property. Mads Sorenson died in 1900, with Belle collecting approximately $8,000 through his life insurance policy.
On April 1, 1902, Belle married Peter Gunness in LaPorte, Indiana. Together, Peter and Belle owned and operated a small farm on McClung Road in LaPorte County. Belle again collected insurance on a husband when Peter died after a coffee grinder allegedly fell from a shelf hitting him on the head. Following Peter's death, Belle began advertising in Norwegian language newspapers in America for a husband.
Several suitors answered Belle's advertisements. However, many of these potential bridegrooms would suddenly leave in the night, leading Belle's 18 year old niece, Jenny Olson, to be suspicious as to their welfare. Jenny then mysteriously disappeared, though Belle told friends and neighbors that she had left for schooling in California.
The final man to respond to Belle's advertisement was Andrew Helgelein. Belle requested that Andrew sell his property and bring his money (about $3,000) to LaPorte, which he did in 1908. Andrew's brother, Asa Helgelein became suspicious when letters from Andrew ceased to arrive. Asa therefore traveled to LaPorte County to inquire about the welfare of his brother.
In the early morning of April 28, 1908, the Gunness farmhouse burned to the ground. The Gunness children were found in the ashes of the home, as well as the body of a headless woman. This headless body, however, was much smaller in size than the rotund stature of Belle's body. After sluicing through the ashes of the home, dental work reportedly to be Belle's was found. Asa Helgelein arrived several days after the fire, and at his urging, the LaPorte County Sheriff began to further investigate the fire and Belle's relations with out-of-town men. The investigation turned into a national sensation, as numerous bodies were soon found to be buried on Belle's farm..
The remains of Andrew Helgelein were the first to be found, buried in a shallow grave in the garden. Jenny Olson's body was soon discovered nearby. In all, at least twelve other bodies were recovered from the property. It has been estimated that Belle may have buried forty men on the farm.
Enormous crowds, numbering in the thousands, visited the farm during the investigation. Special trains from Chicago and Indianapolis, as well as from other towns and cities, brought curious onlookers to the farm. Picnics were common. A farm building was used as a temporary morgue, where onlookers could view the remains as they were recovered and put on display. Numerous postcards were produced and sold during and after the investigation.
Ray Lamphere, a farm hand of Belle's, was eventually charged with murder and arson. Though not convicted of murder, Lamphere was found guilty of arson and incarcerated in the nearby Indiana State Prison in Michigan City, where he died a few years later. While in prison, Lamphere maintained that Belle had escaped and insisted that her body was not found in the debris of the burnt house. Lamphere's statement led to numerous reported sightings of Belle Gunness across the United States for many years, none of which were ever confirmed.
Copyright 2010. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Have you been seeking a new cellular phone? Do you wish to select the best manufacturer? Do you need to learn to utilize your phone to produce life easier? Regardless of what one is applicable to you, this informative article can assist you study a lot about cellular phones.
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Hopefully, you sense considerably more confident now about with your cellphone efficiently to integrate mobile technology with the life. In today's hectic world, a cellular phone that literally brings you a great deal of information and services is necessary. Keep in mind the tips shared here. spy-phone.info/parental-monitoring/suggestions-about-pare...
Name: Hannah Uhlig
Hometown: Earlysville, Virginia
Major: Nutritional Sciences, Didactic Program in Dietetics, Pre-Health Professions Certificate
Expected Graduation: Spring 2016
What sparked your interest in science?
Science is something that has always intrigued me. It is applicable to daily life. Knowing how the world functions—chemistry, physics, astronomy—is a powerful tool. Knowing how the body functions—biology, physiology, biochemistry, neurobiology—all of it is so fascinating. I feel like science is something we should all know since we are constantly affected by it.
Why did you choose UT Austin?
Being out-of-state, I felt that UT offered me the chance to expand and experience new things. The university’s size helps to develop networks; there are so many research opportunities and student organizations to get involved in. Austin is such a neat city and fits my lifestyle well. Seventy degree weather in February? Yes, please!
How (or why) did you choose your major?
Nutrition is such a practical thing to know. It surprises me how little people know about something we encounter throughout every day. I’ve witnessed friends struggle with eating disorders and others who are overweight or obese and suffering from the numerous associated complications (sleep apnea, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc). Majoring in nutritional sciences allows me to learn about something I enjoy and that I believe is meaningful. It also satisfies the pre-medical school requirements. Although I view nutrition as a preventative medicine, I think that it will prove to be a relevant foundation moving into the medical professions.
What have you gained/experienced at UT that you perhaps didn't expect?
In high school, I was told that they were “preparing” me for college each time burdensome homework was assigned or a teacher went through slides too fast. They seem to have done their job because I was surprised at how easy the transition was for me. I really feel like UT sets its students up for success. Between recitation sessions, office hours, residence hall study groups, PLUS groups, tutors, advisors, and more, I feel like we are given so many opportunities as students to do well at a big university. Oftentimes, lecture slides are even available for students online!
What UT Academic Programs and Student Organizations have you participated in?
Vice President of Texas WOD (Workout Of the Day) Club, CNS Ambassador, CNS Student Recruiter, CNS 101 Peer Facilitator, CNS College Readiness Mentor, School of Human Ecology Mentor, Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society, Alpha Lambda Delta & Phi Eta Sigma honor societies Texas Nutrition, Peer-Led Undergradute Studying (PLUS) preceptor.
Your most rewarding or exciting experience as a CNS student?
Being the honored student speaker at CNS Family Day! It was incredibly flattering to be approached and asked to share my experiences with students and their loved ones. I spoke alongside the Dean, Associate Dean, and a faculty member from the College of Natural Sciences. I have truly cherished my journey here at UT, making the most of my time both on campus and in the surrounding Austin community. It was so exciting welcoming families into our community, getting to share some of what I do, and encouraging others to be actively involved.
Advice for students considering UT's College of Natural Sciences?
You do not have to want to be in a research lab to join us at the CNS. There are so many different majors and, if science is something you really enjoy, I am confident that there is a place for you at UT Austin’s College of Natural Sciences. You will be provided with ample resources when you're here so take advantage of them if you find that you are struggling in class or with the adjustment to college. You'll find a great community here in UT's CNS and we all want to see you succeed!
Your time at UT in one sentence...
My experience at UT Austin has been challenging, rewarding, and dynamic.
What are your plans after graduation?
After I graduate, I am planning to attend medical school and, as of now, pursue a career as an obstetrician.
Registration D323URC
Make VOLKSWAGEN
Model GOLF GL
Description 1.8 5 SPEED
Date of Liability 01 02 2005
Date of First Registration 01 01 1987
Year of Manufacture 1987
Cylinder Capacity (cc) 1781CC
CO2 Emissions Not Available
Fuel Type Petrol
Export Marker Not Applicable
Vehicle Status Unlicensed
Vehicle Colour RED
A. D. Bartholomew.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Artillus D. Bartholomew resided at 503 North Franklin Street in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house still stands in 2021.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 54]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 66]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
I noticed a couple things when installing my TRD pro heritage grill yesterday on my 2020. Specifically about the grill upper part. I expect that this info would also be useful if you ever go back to stock or if you need to replace your stock grill upper with another grill upper with the large Toyota emblem and the chrome. While I did this on my 2020, some if not all of the info may be applicable to earlier years.
First, this isn't something that I figured out myself, but it bears repeating. For the big sheet on the top of the radiator housing, you can push in on the button in the center of the plugs to help free them. After the button's down, you can use pliers or a flat head screwdriver to gently pull the plugs up instead of prying them up. You can push the inner pins which are controlled by the button into the up position later before reinstalling them. Then after you reinstall the plugs at the end, you can push the button down to the locking position. It should be flush with the outer housing of the plug. If you push it all the way down, you pushed it too far and into the unlock position you did in the first step, so don't do that.
Second, this is something that I noticed myself. This comes after you remove the big sheet. All of the videos I've seen say that you have to forcefully pry the 6 plugs out that are under the big sheet. These plugs are a different shape than the ones that held in the sheet. They work in much the same way, but they are a bit different. Before you go pulling these up, look closely at the top of the plug. You'll see they have a similar button to the other ones. You can't push it down into a lower position like the previous plugs, but you can use a flat head screwdriver to pop the button up. You can see it's possible because the housing surrounding this button gives you room to do so. After you pop the button up, you can easily pull the whole plug up. I noticed this after forcefully pulling out the first plug. I looked at the construction of the plug and realized that I could just pull up on the button. I did my method on the following 5 plugs, and they all came out perfectly smoothly. If I remember correctly, even the official instructions say to forcefully pry it out, but it's unnecessary and possibly damaging. Of course, when reinstalling, make sure the buttons are up, place the plug in the hole, and then push the button down. It will lock in place.
Finally, this is the big one that I saw people on videos on the internet getting wrong. They say to yank the grill upper out. Some of them were kind of forceful about it. I was able to get the one clip out on the far left and had trouble with the rest. I looked at the one clip that I got out and realized how the grill upper clips into the body. I couldn't see how it all went together until I got the one out, but there are 6 clips. Have a look at the photo, and you'll see where the clips are. What I did with the 3 remaining easy clips was I shoved a long and smooth flat head screwdriver into the space between the grill upper and the body. This helped to free the clips on the grill upper from the holes on the body. After I got the easy ones free, I had to deal with the 2 more difficult clips. I couldn't come up with a better course of action than elbow grease, but at least I had more room to work with since the 4 easy clips were free. I was able to get the 2 difficult clips free without too much trouble. You may wish to lay down some masking tape before you shove the screwdriver into the 4 easy clip spots, but it would be worse to break the body than to scratch the paint if you don't do anything at all with the clips. And since you understand how the parts clip together, you can be more sure about putting it back together. You won't even have to worry about using the 2 more difficult clip holes if you're going to the TRD pro grill.
Historical - Safeguards Inspectors
Originally applicable only to nuclear reactors, the Safeguards systems of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria, against the diversion of nuclear materials to military use has been extended to cover also fuel reprocessing plants. Further extension to plants for processing nuclear materials and fabricating reactor fuel has also been dealt with by the IAEA Board of Governors. This and the possible future application to uranium enrichment plants as well would provide for control of the whole cycle of handling and use of nuclear material.
In photo, IAEA inspectors Pedro Herzberg and Jacques-Jules Champion (left to right) record data from the main controls of the Nuclear Fuel Services Plant in West Valley, New York, during the first IAEA Safeguards inspection of the processing of spent fuel from a nuclear power reactor in August 1967.
Photo Credit: US AEC
Angela Davis, Los Angeles, California. 11th March 1970. Personality rights may be applicable for commercial use.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
W. J. Henry.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: W. J. Henry and his wife Emma resided at 702 East Main Street [now Lincolnway] in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house still exists in 2021.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 94]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 72]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
A Painted Stork with its prey - @ Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary - Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Pulicat lake bird sanctuary is a saline backwater lake lying along the T.N.-A.P coast; part extending to Chengalpattu district of T.N. It has an area of 481 sq.KM and it is the 2nd largest brackish water lagoon in India after Chilka lake in Orissa. The area on the TN side is 153.67 sq.km.
The Pulicat sanctuary is drained by Arni river while the Buckingham canal brings in the city’s drainage water. At the southern end is an opening on to Bay of Bengal through a shallow mouth of 200 m in width. The rest of the lake is closed by a sand bar running parallel to the Bay of Bengal in the form of the Sriharikota island.
The sanctuary has an area of 321 Sq. KM with 108 sq.KM of National Park area.
It lies within 11o 30’ N to 11o 42’ N and 76o 30’ E to 76o 45’ E.
Rainfall ranges from 800 - 2000mm. Temperature varies from 14o C to 33o C.
Altitude ranges from 100’ MSL to 1200’ MSL.
The wetlands eco system are considered as among the richest areas of bio diversity. Pulicat, by virtue of the mixing of fresh water with sea water is found to be an ideal habitat for diverse life-forms. 160 species of fish, 25 species of polychaete worms, 12 species of prawn, 19 species of mollusk and 100 speceis of birds are well documented apart from a number of other aquatic flora and fauna.
Among the most spectacular is the flamingo-a tall gaunt, white-coloured bird with a touch of pink on the wings, pink beak and legs, seen feeding in shallow water. The squat, large-billed grey pelican with gular pouch and a number of ducks are commonly seen. Flocks of sea gulls and terns circling in the sky or bobbing up and down on the water are an added attraction at pulicat. Besides, there are a number of waterside birds and waders such as curlews, stilts, plovers, sand pipers, lapwings, redshank. Egrets, herons, kites etc. are some other birds found here. The lake is also home to crabs, clams, mussels, oysters, snails, fish worms, insects, spiders, sponges, anemone, prawns, plankton and so on including rare endemic species like gilled leech, an unidentified bloodred fish, etc., Rapid siltation has caused loss of bio diversity. It is seen that mangrove opllen is found on Sriharikota Island indicating their existence some years back. Loss of mangroves may be one of the resons hastening siltation, reducing biodiversity and hence depriving fisherfolk of their livelihood.
Source : www.forests.tn.nic.in/wildbiodiversity/bs_plbs.html
Paul Nuppnau.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Paul Nuppnau and his wife Lottie resided at 501 Lafayette Street in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house still stands in 2021 though the wrap-around porch has been removed from the structure.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 121]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 77]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Science Building
Date: 1911
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Joseph Decker
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Science Hall, also referred to as Baldwin Hall, was constructed in 1900 at a cost of more than $65,000. The three story building had a footprint of 60-feet by 120-feet and was constructed with pressed brick and terra cotta. The building was sited upon ground where two identical dormitories once stood - East and West Sefton Halls.
The hall was renamed in honor of Samantha Elizabeth "Mantie" Baldwin in 1959, a professor at the university from 1873 to November 1914.
On June 8, 1939, the roof of Science Hall was torn away when a wind storm or possible tornado hit the southeast portion of Valparaiso. Due to rising costs to maintain, Science Hall was razed in 1996.
Source:
Decker, Joseph. 1911. Souvenir Book of Valparaiso, Indiana. Valparaiso, Indiana: Valparaiso Printing Company. Unpaginated.
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
L. Wheeler.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Leon Wheeler and his wife Lina resided at 105 North Campbell Street in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house may still exists but has experienced significant remodeling to the structure.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 155]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 75]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
シンビジウム オーイソ
(Cym.) Cymbidium Oiso
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from RHS Sander's List.
Cymbidium Oiso (Ikeda, 01/02/1956)
Genus : Cymbidium
Epithet : Oiso
Synonym Flag : This is not a synonym
Registrant Name : Ikeda
Originator Name : Ikeda
Date of registration : 01/02/1956
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Seed parent : Cym. floribundum Lindl., 1833
Pollen parent : Cym. ?
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DNA=
50.0% : Cym. floribundum Lindl., 1833
50.0% : na (not applicable)
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Canon EOS 5D Mark II
Carl Zeiss Makro-Planar T＊ 100mm F2.8
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“Cym. Oiso” is it has been 67 years old, Judging from the germination of the seeds, is it an individual about 70 to 75 years old? Past ago my father bought to me 3 pots. “Cym. Oiso”, “Cym. Sazanami”, “Cym. Wakakusa”, At that time, the Orchid Nursery's owner told my father, that “Cym. Oiso” should not be used for crossbreeding.
Among Modern Cymbidiums, there are some whose DNA is “na (not applicable)”, the original species of which is unknown. The worst individual is
“Cym. Ruby (J.Crombleholme, 01/01/1936) = Cym. iridioides × Cym. ? ” Somehow this kind of thing makes my heart fuzzy.
Cymbidium is one of The Five Orchid Genera, and is a plant of “Aristocratic Horticulture”. In aristocratic society, lineage should be important, and the existence of “Sander's List.” is the best example.
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Cym. Oiso は発表してから67年、タネの発芽から考えると70～75歳ほどの個体でしょうかね? 私の幼稚園時代に、“Cym. Oiso”、“Cym. Sazanami”、“Cym. Wakakusa”、の3鉢を父が私に買ってきてくれました。そのときの洋蘭屋さんには、“Cym. Oiso” は交配に使用しない方が良いよと言われたそうで、後からわかったことですが、片親が不明だからだそうです。
現代 Cymbidium の中でDNAに “na (not applicable)” という原種が不明なものがあり、苦々しい思いをすることがありますが、この点の大部分は “Cym. Ruby (J.Crombleholme, 01/01/1936) = Cym. iridioides × Cym. ? ” が一番の害悪です。なんだかこういう点は心がモヤモヤします。
Cymbidium は Orchid 5大属に数えられる、「貴族社会園藝」の植物です。貴族社会に於いては血筋が大切なはずで、「Sander's List.」が存在するのが一番良い例でしょう。
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“Cym. 大磯”是不是已經67歲了，從種子的發芽情況來看，是70到75歲左右的個體嗎？ 過去，我父親給我買了 3 盆。 “Cym. Oiso”，“Cym. Sazanami”，“Cym. Wakakusa”，當時，蘭花苗圃的主人告訴我父親，“Cym. Oiso” 不應用於雜交育種。
現代大花蕙蘭中，有DNA為 “na” （不適用）的，原種不詳。 最壞的人是
“Cym. Ruby (J.Crombleholme, 01/01/1936) = Cym。 iridioides × Cym。 ？ ” 不知怎的，這種事情讓我的心有些模糊。
大花蕙蘭為蘭科五屬之一，為 “貴族園藝” 植物。 在貴族社會，血統應該是重要的，還有 “桑德名單” 的存在。 就是最好的例子。
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“Cym. Oiso” có phải là đã 67 tuổi, Đánh giá từ sự nảy mầm của hạt giống, đó có phải là một cá nhân khoảng 70 đến 75 tuổi không? Trước đây bố tôi đã mua cho tôi 3 cái nồi. “Cym. Oiso”, “Cym. Sazanami”, “Cym. Wakakusa”, Lúc bấy giờ, ông chủ vườn lan nói với cha tôi rằng “Cym. Oiso” không nên được sử dụng để lai tạo.
Trong số các loài địa lan hiện đại, có một số loài có DNA là “na (không áp dụng)”, không rõ loài gốc của chúng. Cá nhân tồi tệ nhất là
“Cym. Ruby (J.Crombleholme, 01/01/1936) = Cym. iridioides × Cym. ? ” Không hiểu sao chuyện này lại khiến lòng tôi xao xuyến.
Địa Lan là một trong Ngũ Chi Phong Lan, và là một loại cây của “Nghề Làm Vườn Quý Tộc”. Trong xã hội quý tộc, dòng dõi nên được coi trọng và sự tồn tại của “Danh sách của Sander”. là ví dụ tốt nhất.
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“Cym. Oiso” มีอายุ 67 ปีแล้ว ตัดสินจากการงอกของเมล็ด มีอายุประมาณ 70 ถึง 75 ปีหรือเปล่า เมื่อก่อนพ่อของฉันซื้อให้ฉัน 3 หม้อ “Cym. Oiso”, “Cym. Sazanami”, “Cym. Wakakusa” ขณะนั้นเจ้าของเรือนเพาะชำกล้วยไม้บอกพ่อของฉันว่าไม่ควรใช้ “Cym. Oiso” ในการผสมข้ามพันธุ์
ในบรรดา Modern Cymbidiums มีบางส่วนที่มี DNA "na (ไม่เกี่ยวข้อง)” ซึ่งไม่ทราบสายพันธุ์ดั้งเดิม
“Cym. Ruby (J.Crombleholme, 01/01/1936) = Cym. iridioides × Cym. ? ”
Cymbidium เป็นหนึ่งในกล้วยไม้ทั้งห้าสกุล และเป็นพืชของ “พืชสวนของชนชั้นสูง” ในสังคมชนชั้นสูง เชื้อสายควรมีความสำคัญ และการมีอยู่ของ “รายชื่อแซนเดอร์” คือตัวอย่างที่ดีที่สุด
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“Cym. Oiso” fuit 67 annorum, ex germinatione seminum iudicans, estne unus de 70 ad 75 annos natus? Pater meus antehac mihi emit 3 ollas. “Cym. Oiso”, “Cym. Sazanami”, Cym. Wakakusa”, In illo tempore, dominus Orchidarum seminarium dixit patri meo, quod “Cym. Oiso” enim crossbreeding adhiberi debet.
Inter Cymbidium Modernum, nonnullae sunt quarum DNA est “na (non applicabilis)”, cuius species originalis ignoratur. Pessimus quisque est
“Cym. Ruby (J.Crombleholme, 01/01/1936) = Cym. iridioides × Cym. ? ” Nescio quomodo hoc caliginosum facit cor meum.
Cymbidium unum est e Quinque Orchidarum Generibus, quae planta est “Horticulturae Aristocraticae”. In aristocratica societate, stirps magna debet esse, et exsistentia “Sander's List”. optimum exemplum.
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Many years back Swami had written the letter to students. It is applicable to all the students who have faith and devotion to Swami as well as for Sai Bhaktas also. I hope everybody will like to read and ponder over His Divine Guidance.
Sai Ram!
MESSAGE FROM BHAGAVAN BABA
Students!
Accept My Blessings. Received your letters full of fragrant flowers of information and prayerful salutation. They have caused this nice letter to be sent to you. This letter is giving joy to Sai and bringing Sai to you.
The need of the hour is not to picture life as a garden of happiness and romantic love, but to hold it out as a battle (field) meant to be lived as an ideal of heroism and courage. In the present circumstances, a play of words would be of no use at all. By obtaining mere degrees, we can neither make your motherland glow with glory nor can you blossom for yourselves. Seeking Truth, you should transform yourselves into great devotees, lovers of God and be ready for any supreme sacrifice including laying down life itself. Bidding goodbye to all selfishness and self-interest, making Divine love as the bow and Wisdom as heroic students placing your faith in transcendental truth and God.
You should know that you are born to achieve great and stupendous tasks in life. You are the children of God, heroes in action, great soldiers in the age of Kali, full of compassion and success in the world.
This is not the time for rest and sleep. The future image of a glorious new Bharath depends on you. The mother is awaiting you arrival on the scene. If the morality of Bharath is destroyed, the world will sink into utter ruin. If the spirituality of Bharath suffers any setback, it will be for the destruction of the world. The unity and integrity of the nation would suffer a setback. The morality of Bharath is its sweet experience of Divine Love. The Love for God should saturate and flow as the very life-blood. Hearts should fill and overflow with waves of idealism. Do not become slaves of external life and education and destroy the small saplings of spirituality in your heart. Light the lamps of Truth and dispel all weakness in your heart. You are messengers of God and not servants of the Lord of death. Establish the Kingdom of devotion. Earn the love of God. Develop spiritual knowledge along with worldly education. Love based on gunas suffers modification. Make that transcendental love as your goal in life.
Do not become slaves of low desires and feelings. Make spirituality as your dwelling place. Every object in creation is transient. It is only the Bliss of Atma which is inexhaustible. Strive to attain it. Only through Love of God can you attain such bliss and develop it into full fruition. The inner significance of Krishna Tulaa Bhaara is to show that all the wealth of the world with all its gold and diamonds cannot match God. It is only Divine Love which is equal to Him. Foster such devotion in your hearts. Most of you have not understood the principles that Swami embodies, nor can you comprehend. Understand Sai’s Love. You cannot trace any selfishness in any corner of Sai. Whatever He does, is for your sack. There is nothing in the world which Sai needs.
Camphor is white as also the celestial cow,
Stars are white and also the wings of swan,
And so is the sweet smile of a Beautiful Sai,
Sweeter than sweet juice of sugercane or
even the wine is the Love of Sai.
The Love of Sai is more soothing and comforting than the sight of a beautiful flower or the sweet smile of an innocent child.
Sai’s word can confer all joy, happiness and
prosperity of the world
Sai’s look can shower the delight of the rain of
the paarijaatha flower
Sai’s Hand can confer the comfort of a loving
mother’s hand
This alone is for your joy and welfare - the
conferrer of Love.
I expect from you only one thing, i.e., you should transform yourselves into ideal children full of Bliss, the very embodiments of Atma, proving all this to the world by your behaviour and conduct in life. That alone is True Education. All other types of education are only its limbs and parts.
What happiness did the Demon Somakasura enjoy,
stealing the sacred scriptures and abusing Hari?
What did the ten-headed (Ravana) carry with him,
seeking the wife of another person?
By how much did Duryodhana gain by even denying an
inch of space (to Pandavas).
Could Kansa, who vengefully and watchfully killed
the innocent children, save himself (from death)?
Even today that would be the fate of people, who are
opposed to Dharma.
What more can I convey to you? Recognising this truth carefully behave yourselves on proper path and conduct.
Thus, Sai,
the Resident of your heart.
Valparaiso Creamery
Date: 1911
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Joseph Decker
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The Valparaiso Creamery was established by an organization of farmers and businessmen in 1910. In 1914, the creamery business was sold to George Sheeks, who then sold it in 1916 to I. H. Riley of Granville, North Dakota. Riley removed the equipment to Rensselaer, Indiana, soon after purchasing it.
Louis Gast and Joseph Henderlong owned the property (building and land). Together, these two businessmen would work with Peter J. Horn to tear down the creamery and erect a six-flat building on the site, which was completed and occupied in October 1919. Today [2022], this site is known as the Saran Apartments with an address of 3 North Napoleon Street.
Newspaper reports indicate that in 1912 the creamery produced 59,837 pounds of butter and 3,000 gallons of ice cream.
The building partially visible to the left of the creamery in this image was a grocery store, which was located at the northwest corner of Napoleon Street and Main Street.
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The following newspaper item appears in the September 15, 1910, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
New Factory for Valpo.
A new factory is to be located in or near Valparaiso before long. It will be a plant for pasteurizing milk and making ice cream and butter. The stock, which has all be subscribed will be owned by seventy Porter county citizens, mostly milk producers, who will thus secure a reliable convenient and profitable market for their product. The concern was promoted by J. H. Kidwell, a representative of the Burnap Building and Supply Co., of Toledo, Ohio, who has been in the county since early in July. there will be a meeting of the stockholders at the Farmer's room in the court house Wednesday afternoon at 2 o'clock for the purpose of selecting a committee to pick out a location for the plant. -- Valparaiso Messenger.
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The following newspaper item appears in the April 27, 1911, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
Local, Personal, Social
August Harbrecht, one of the Chesterton citizens who went to Valparaiso last week to investigate the creamery proposition at the instance of the man who started the Valparaiso creamery, and who wants to launch a similar proposition here, returned with a very unfortunate report. He talked with stockholders in the Valparaiso creamery, and learned that so far it was a losing venture. Mr. Harbrecht thinks that there will be nothing done here to put in a creamery.
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The following newspaper item appears in the October 30, 1913, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
CHESTERTON ITEMS
Harold M. Jones, manager of the Valparaiso creamery, has been appointed deputy dairy commissioner for the state of Kansas by George S. Hine, head of the dairy department at Manhattan.
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The following newspaper item appears in the December 25, 1913, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
Local, Personal, Social
The Valparaiso Creamery has been sold to George Sheeks, of Paoli, Ind. The transfer included the building, equipment, ground and the ground and building formerly occupied by the Herrick grocery. The stockholders of the Creamery company did not realize a penny on the deal. The new owner is a practical creamery man, who with his father, has been connected with a creamery for the past twelve years. He will move to Valparaiso and operate the plant.
Sources:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; September 15, 1910; Volume 27, Number 25, Page 1, Column 6. Column titled "New Factory for Valpo."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; April 27, 1911; Volume 28, Number 5, Page 5, Column 4. Column titled "Local, Personal, Social."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; October 30, 1913; Volume 30, Number 32, Page 7, Column 4. Column titled "Chesterton Items."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; December 25, 1913; Volume 30, Number 40, Page 5, Column 5. Column titled "Local, Personal, Social."
Decker, Joseph. 1911. Souvenir Book of Valparaiso, Indiana. Valparaiso, Indiana: Valparaiso Printing Company. Unpaginated.
The Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; March 14, 1928; Volume 1, Page 2, Column 5. Column titled "Do You Remember the Day?"
The Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; May 24, 1929; Volume 2, Page 2, Column 6. Column titled "Do You Remember the Day?"
The Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; May 15, 1931; Volume 4, Page 10, Column 6. Column titled "Do You Remember the Day?"
The Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; October 14, 1932; Volume 6, Page 4, Column 6. Column titled "Looking Backward."
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Heatersare typically mounted along the perimeter of the space when applicable. Door areas are stacked with extra units, or tube heater burner boxes are located by doors to provide extra heat. Care is taken to avoid violating the published clearances to combustibles with doors in the open position and/or lifts (with cars on them) in the up position. Common applications also utilize tubes located between lift rows (center of the building) or along side a wall with the heat shined inward. Outside combustion air is highly recommended. Lastly, do not place any heater inside of a paint booth
Prof. Roessler.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Professor J. E. Roessler and his wife Anna resided at 601 East Main Street [now Lincolnway] in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house no longer exists.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 132]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 81]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Habitat:
Foliage in parks, gardens, hills or villages. Usually larger and more abundant in cooler areas.
Notes:
These beautiful spiders (applicable only to females) are so-called because of the "X" shape resting position they assume while resting. Stabilimenta i.e. zig-zag shaped webs which act to strengthen the spider web can often be seen on the webs of these spiders (especially larger ones).
Although the abdominal patterns on females remain more or less similar, female Argiope spiders tend to become darker with each moult, and the abdomen becomes more pentagonal as well. (*photos of female show progression from young to adult)
Male Argiope versicolor spiders are almost entirely brown, while some show net-like patterns on the abdomen. They are very much smaller than females and their pedipalps are often tucked below the body- not visible when viewed from the top. it is very difficult to differentiate male Argiope versicolor spiders from males of different species unless if seen during mating with a female, or when DNA technology is applied.
Eggs are often laid in cone-like sacs and the mother will often stay close by.
Distribution: Common throughout Malaysia
(*Penang, Kedah, Selangor)
** This photo belongs to the original uploader and should not be copied for any form of use. If you are interested in acquiring the photo, please contact the original uploader.
** Flickr: Spiders of Malaysia will not be held accountable for any complications arising from photo theft.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Chas. Childs.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Charles A. Childs and his wife Blanche resided at 358 West Main Street [now Lincolnway] in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. this house no longer exists.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 68]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 74]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Inmates of "Libby Prison." Group photograph outside of Stiles Hall, Valparaiso University
Valparaiso, Indiana
Date: Circa 1903
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Unknown
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Occasionally referred to as the Stiles Hotel, this structure was located on the southeast corner of the present day intersection of Greenwich Street and Union Street and built by Leander Stiles.
The contractors for the building, which consisted of 69 rooms, were Frank P. Thompson, carpenter, and Henry Lemster, mason. The footprint of the structure was 120' x 34'. The ground floor contained 14 rooms, each 11' x 13' in size, one 20' x 31' dining room, a 18' x 20' kitchen, a store room and bedroom off the kitchen, and two closets. The second story had five pairs of rooms, each room being 6½' x 11' feet, and 17 single rooms of 11' x 13' in size. The third story consisted of 22 rooms, each 11' x 13' in size.
The ceilings for each floor were ten feet high and every room was wainscoted. The building also had two cellars, each 15' x 30' in area. The cornice at the top of the building was four feet high and made of heavy galvanized iron. Bay windows extended from the first to third story along the front of the building.
Furniture for the new building was reportedly "first-class in all respects." Leander Stiles contracted with Henrietta LaPell to supply the furniture.
Stiles Hall was considered a relatively modern building when constructed, having steam heat and "modern improvements." During World War I, troops from Company C were housed here. One noted resident of Stiles Hall was Lowell Thomas, a famous writer, broadcaster, and traveler. The hall was operated by the Stiles family under relatively strict rules. Dues to these rules, the hall was popularly referred to as "Libby Prison."
--------
The following news item appeared in the August 24, 1911, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
VALPARAISO
Mrs. Mary F. Stiles has let the contract for the improving of Stiles Hall on College Hill. Hardwood floors, hot and cold water will be put in and replastering and painting done. Work was started Monday and when completed will be one of the finest rooming houses on the Hill.
Sources:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; August 24, 1911; Volume 28, Number 32, Page 2, Column 1. Column titled "Valparaiso."
Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; July 29, 1880; Volume 24, Number 31, Page 3, Column 5. Column titled "The Stiles Block."
Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; August 5, 1880; Volume 24, Number 32, Page 3, Column 1. Column titled "Local."
Copyright 2007. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Historical - Safeguards Inspectors
Originally applicable only to nuclear reactors, the Safeguards systems of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria, against the diversion of nuclear materials to military use has been extended to cover also fuel reprocessing plants. Further extension to plants for processing nuclear materials and fabricating reactor fuel has also been dealt with by the IAEA Board of Governors. This and the possible future application to uranium enrichment plants as well would provide for control of the whole cycle of handling and use of nuclear material.
In photo: IAEA inspector Pedro Herzberg (right) records data on dissolved fuel at a sampling station in the Nuclear Fuel Services plant in West Valley, New York, during the first IAEA safeguards inspection of the processing of spent fuel from a nuclear power reactor in August 1967.
Photo Credit: US AEC
The Parker Varnish Factory
Date: 1911
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Joseph Decker
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This structure, portions of which still stand in 2021, was located along Poplar Street and Locust Street in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana.
C. H. Parker Company was established in Valparaiso in 1871 by Charles H. Parker, Senior. The company manufactured and sold varnishes, paint dryers, Japans, black iron enamels, and various paint specialty products. Parker's three sons would enter into the business and the company would soon become one of the largest asphaltum black producers in the United States.
The company incorporated in 1895. In 1911, the officers of the company were Charles H. Parker, Senior, President and Treasurer; M. F. Parker, General Manager and Secretary; Charles H. Parker, Junior, Superintendent; and E. M. Parker, Sales Manager.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 124]
Decker, Joseph. 1911. Souvenir Book of Valparaiso, Indiana. Valparaiso, Indiana: Valparaiso Printing Company. Unpaginated.
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Heatersare typically mounted along the perimeter of the space when applicable. Door areas are stacked with extra units, or tube heater burner boxes are located by doors to provide extra heat. Care is taken to avoid violating the published clearances to combustibles with doors in the open position and/or lifts (with cars on them) in the up position. Common applications also utilize tubes located between lift rows (center of the building) or along side a wall with the heat shined inward. Outside combustion air is highly recommended. Lastly, do not place any heater inside of a paint booth
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Date: Circa 1906
Source Type: Photograph
Printer, Publisher, Photographer: Unknown
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Gordon D. Rogers
Remark: Emil Anderson is the man on the left in this photograph. The other man is believed to be Lloyd Sherwood or William McFarlan. The meat market was located next to the five and dime store.
The scale was produced by the The Computing Scale Company of Dayton, Ohio. Printed on the two boxes to the right of the scale is the following:
QUALITY BRAND
HAMS BACON
PURE LEAF LARD
"Perfection in Pork Products"
Behind the scale is a sign reading: "WE SELL FOR CASH ONLY." Printed on the bins located behind the man on the right is the following: "Sawyer Biscuit Co., Chicago."
The following is a biography of Emil Anderson taken from Cannon, Loring, and Robb's 1927 book (pp. 501-502) concerning the history of the Calumet Region on Indiana:
EMIL ANDERSON - Emil Anderson is one of the owners of the firm known as Wannegar and Anderson, of Porter, Indiana, which occupies a distinctive place in this community, it being the only concern handling a line of lumber, coal, coke and building material. Prior to this activity Mr. Anderson had a diversified business experience. He was born in Chesterton, Indiana, on May 10, 1888, the son of Charles F. and Emma (Sederberg) Anderson, both of whom were of Swedish nativity and came to America shortly after their marriage. They located in Chesterton in 1881 and to them were born the following children: Charles W.; Hilma; J. A.; Emil; Esther, the wife of Alex Carlson; Anna, wife of Arthur Pillman; Jennie, who is now Mrs. Bryan Sewall of Gary; and Emma, the wife of John Charlesworth. Emil Anderson attended the Chesterton schools and on the completion of his studies he secured work as a grocery clerk and later served in the Gary steel mills. In 1920 he decided to come to Porter and in that year he engaged in the lumber and coal business in this town. While the nucleus of the business was modestly substantial, it was a firm foundation upon which has since been developed the present business. The firm occupies not only a singular place in the community, but also enjoys a wide measure of popularity due to the very evident fairness and good business methods used by those who direct it. On the organization of the company Frank Wannegar became a partner, and it has since been conducted as it was on its organization. Mr. Anderson married Bertha, the daughter of Frank and Alice (Czizek) Wannegar, of Porter, Indiana, the father being the partner in the firm. To this union was born one child, Dorothy May, a student in the Porter schools. Mr. Anderson belongs to a number of organizations and has probably been more active in promoting the interests of the Chamber of Commerce than any other body, but nevertheless he has found time to divert his attention to general matters of civic interest.
The following obituary for Emil Anderson was published in The Vidette-Messenger on August 26, 1959:
EMIL ANDERSON
PORTER -- Emil Anderson, 71, Porter, died at 5:30 a.m. today at his home on Lincoln avenue after an extended illness.
He was a lifelong resident of the Chesterton-Porter area and owner of a lumber business in Porter until 1946.
Born May 10, 1886 at Waverly to Charles and Emma Seederburg Anderson, he was married to Bertha Wannegar at Joliet, Oct. 23, 1916.
Surviving are his widow, one daughter, Mrs. Dorothy Mae Rogers and one grandchild of Arizona.
Other survivors are one brother, Charles Anderson, Gary, and four sisters, Mrs. Anna Pillman, Porter, Mrs. Hilma Anderson, Gary, Mrs. James Sewell, Muskegon, Mich., and Mrs. Ruth Felton, Chicago.
The body is at Carl Edmonds Funeral home in Chesterton. Funeral arrangements are incomplete.
Sources
Cannon, Thomas H., H. H. Loring, and Charles J. Robb. 1927. History of the Lake and Calumet Region of Indiana Embracing the Counties of Lake, Porter and Laporte. Volume II. Indianapolis, Indiana: Historians' Association. 827 p.
The Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; August 26, 1959; Volume 33, Number 45, Page 6, Column 3
Copyright 2014. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
So applicable to so many parts of the world right now...
Seen on a car in the parking lot at a discussion about the war in Iraq on Saturday. Heard presentations by Scott Ritter (who headed up the UN Weapons Inspection team in Iraq) and Ray McGovern (a former CIA analyst and advisor to a number of administrations). They were discussing how we got into Iraq, how we get out and a number of other critical and troubling issues.
A Painted Stork eagerly looking for a fish - @ Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary - Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Pulicat lake bird sanctuary is a saline backwater lake lying along the T.N.-A.P coast; part extending to Chengalpattu district of T.N. It has an area of 481 sq.KM and it is the 2nd largest brackish water lagoon in India after Chilka lake in Orissa. The area on the TN side is 153.67 sq.km.
The Pulicat sanctuary is drained by Arni river while the Buckingham canal brings in the city’s drainage water. At the southern end is an opening on to Bay of Bengal through a shallow mouth of 200 m in width. The rest of the lake is closed by a sand bar running parallel to the Bay of Bengal in the form of the Sriharikota island.
The sanctuary has an area of 321 Sq. KM with 108 sq.KM of National Park area.
It lies within 11o 30’ N to 11o 42’ N and 76o 30’ E to 76o 45’ E.
Rainfall ranges from 800 - 2000mm. Temperature varies from 14o C to 33o C.
Altitude ranges from 100’ MSL to 1200’ MSL.
The wetlands eco system are considered as among the richest areas of bio diversity. Pulicat, by virtue of the mixing of fresh water with sea water is found to be an ideal habitat for diverse life-forms. 160 species of fish, 25 species of polychaete worms, 12 species of prawn, 19 species of mollusk and 100 speceis of birds are well documented apart from a number of other aquatic flora and fauna.
Among the most spectacular is the flamingo-a tall gaunt, white-coloured bird with a touch of pink on the wings, pink beak and legs, seen feeding in shallow water. The squat, large-billed grey pelican with gular pouch and a number of ducks are commonly seen. Flocks of sea gulls and terns circling in the sky or bobbing up and down on the water are an added attraction at pulicat. Besides, there are a number of waterside birds and waders such as curlews, stilts, plovers, sand pipers, lapwings, redshank. Egrets, herons, kites etc. are some other birds found here. The lake is also home to crabs, clams, mussels, oysters, snails, fish worms, insects, spiders, sponges, anemone, prawns, plankton and so on including rare endemic species like gilled leech, an unidentified bloodred fish, etc., Rapid siltation has caused loss of bio diversity. It is seen that mangrove opllen is found on Sriharikota Island indicating their existence some years back. Loss of mangroves may be one of the resons hastening siltation, reducing biodiversity and hence depriving fisherfolk of their livelihood.
Source : www.forests.tn.nic.in/wildbiodiversity/bs_plbs.html
Dates :::
Taken on----------December 16, 2012 at 11.28am IST (edit)
Posted to Flickr----------January 6, 2013 at 1.37AM IST (edit)
Main Exif data :::
Camera----------Canon EOS 7D
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Focal Length----------400 mm
ISO Speed----------100
Exposure Bias----------0 EV
Flash----------Off, Did not fire
Image Width----------5184
Image Height----------3456
X-Resolution----------500 dpi
Y-Resolution----------500 dpi
Exposure Program----------Program AE
Date and Time (Original)----------2012:12:16 11:28:05
Date and Time (Digitized)----------2012:12:16 11:28:05
Custom Rendered----------Normal
Exposure Mode----------Auto
White Balance----------Auto
Scene Capture Type----------Standard
Compression----------JPEG (old-style)
Lens----------EF100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM