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The Valparaiso Male and Female College
Valparaiso, Indiana
Date: Circa 1865-1871
Source Type: Carte de visite (CDV)
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Unknown
Postmark: Not applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This extremely rare image is taken from a carte de visite (CDV) photograph imprinted with "The Valparaiso Male and Female College, Valparaiso, Ind." on the reverse. Founded by the Methodist Church, the Valparaiso Male and Female College existed between 1859 and 1871. It was one of the first four year coeducational institutions to operate in the United States. The college went defunct in 1871 and was closed for approximately two years, reopening in 1873 as the Northern Indiana Normal School and Business Institute. The original large brick structure consisted of the west portion of the building (right side of building in the image below). The tower and the east wing were erected in 1867. The structure shown here, with several later additions, was destroyed on February 15, 1923, by a fire originating from an overheated stove.
The individuals seen in the lower right portion of this image may be playing a game of baseball.
------
The following news item appears in the February 22, 1923, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
BUILDING TO RISE FROM THE RUINS
Arising from the blackened ruins of the historic administration building of Valparaiso university which was destroyed by fire last Thursday morning, will come a new and modern administration building and library, according to a decision of the trustees at a meeting held Saturday.
The loss is estimated between $150,000 and $175,000. This was fairly well covered with insurance and the trustees believe the building can be replaced. Committees were named to find out exactly what is needed in the way of new buildings and some decision will be reached at the next meeting of the board, February 28.
The fire which is of unknown origin was hard to fight on account of the cold. It started about 5 A. M. and the flames were not under control before 10:30 o'clock, when the building was a heap of smoldering ruins. For a time the flames threatened to spread to other buildings. Water dashed against the building froze on the walls so that the buildings looked like an ice plant without and a raging inferno within. Two students who lived in the towers narrowly escaped with their lives and lost all personal effects.
Male and co-ed students joined in an effort to save the school library when the fire was discovered. Shielding their faces with dampened towels and handkerchiefs, the students worked frantically, carrying armful after armful of books and records out from the ever-growing inferno into the cold.
Numerous valuable paintings in the art school, also housed in the administration building were destroyed.
In addition to the library and art school the administration building contained executive officers of the university and the class rooms of the university high and dramatic school.
The building was the oldest on the campus. It was erected 50 years ago and housed the original college.
Source:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; February 22, 1923; volume 39, Number 50, Page 1, Column 1. Column titled "Building to Rise From the Ruins."
Copyright 2016. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
THE LIGHTCAP CO.
Date: 1898
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Headlight Engraving Company
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: First operated as a bookstore by William J. Lightcap, the Lightcap Company building later became the Brown and Gold Coffee Shop, brown and gold being Valparaiso University's colors. The building was located directly across the street from the University Auditorium and was frequented by university faculty and students. Interestingly, the building reverted back to its original use as a bookstore. The structure was converted into the Faculty Club in 1960, but later razed in 1986.
Source:
Grand Trunk Railway. 1898. Headlight: Sights and Scenes Along the Grand Trunk Railway: Valparaiso, Ind.. Volume 3, Number, 6, Page 28.
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Date: Pre 1908
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Lewis Publishing Company
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The structure shown in this image, referred to as the Old Joe Marks Building, was located at the northeast corner of Franklin Street and Chicago Street. This location was also commonly referred to as the Franklin Foundry and the Joe Marks Corner. The Pioneer Apartments now stands where the Joe Marks building once stood.
Marks' property was often mentioned in Valparaiso newspapers for its smell and filthy, unkempt appearance. For instance, this news item appeared in the May 25, 1882, issue of the Porter County Vidette:
Several citizens presented a petition praying the council to require Jos. Marks to cleanse and purify his premises, made unhealthy by the presence of a filthy hog pen. The matter was referred to the health committee. Since reference to this matter was made in the last Vidette, the editor, by request, on Tuesday, took personal observation of Mr. Marks's premises, and remarked that while some renovating is needed there to render the place perfectly free from obnoxious gases, there are premises within the corporation much more sickly and hideous. We are glad to say Mr. Marks proposes to give the matter immediate attention, even as he had intended to do without notice, and we trust the authorities, by petition or otherwise, will proceed in their present line of action until every nook and crook within their jurisdiction is void of odium.
Source:
Lewis Publishing Company. 1912. History of Porter County, Indiana: A Narrative Account of its Historical Progress, its People and its Principal Interests. Volume I. Chicago, Illinois: Lewis Publishing Company. 357 p. [see p. 320]
Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; May 25, 1882; Volume 26, Number 21, Page 1, Column 6. Column titled "City Hall Notes."
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Morrison School
Pleasant Township, Porter County, Indiana
Date: Circa 1910
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Kouts Centennial Book (1965)
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The Morrison School was located southwest of the intersection of County Road 950 South and Baum’s Bridge Road. Historically, Morrison School represented School District Number 6 of Pleasant Township. The school was eventually razed and the land reverted back to the family that donated the land for the school.
Sources:
Hardesty, A. G. 1876. Illustrated Historical Atlas of Porter County, Indiana. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. G. Hardesty. 90 p. [see p. 27]
Lee & Lee. 1895. Lee and Lee’s Atlas of Porter County, Indiana. Chicago, Illinois: Lee & Lee. 81 p. [see p. 26]
Lewis Publishing Company. 1912. History of Porter County, Indiana: A Narrative of its Historical Progress, its People and its Principal Interests. Volume I. Chicago, Illinois: Lewis Publishing Company. 357 p. [see p. 163]
The Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; July 3, 1976; Volume 49, Number 307, Since Bailly Insert, Page 19, Columns 1-6. Column titled “First School Located In East Pleasant Township,” by Kouts High School History Class.
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
WOLF'S ORCHESTRA.
Date: 1898
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Headlight Engraving Company
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: It is believed that Wolf's Orchestra was composed of students at Valparaiso's Northern Indiana Normal School and named after August Wolf, who began teaching at the school in 1892 as a professor of violin and kindred instruments. Professor Wolf graduated with the degree of Doctor of Music from the Musical Department in Frohburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Source:
Grand Trunk Railway. 1898. Headlight: Sights and Scenes Along the Grand Trunk Railway: Valparaiso, Ind.. Volume 3, Number, 6, Page 16.
Copyright 2020. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Mace Long.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: William Mace Long and his wife Mary resided at 358 Chestnut Street in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house still stands in 2021.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 108]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 69]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Date: 1920
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Will Voss
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This photograph is labeled "Leon Dacbert from Auburn, Ill. on Sager's lake."
This photograph was included in an album of photographs that appear to have been taken by Will Voss between 1919 and 1921. Most of the photographs in the album are labeled and dated. The bulk of the photographs in the album were taken in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.
It is apparent from the photographs taken in and around Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana, that Will Voss was a student at Polk's School of Piano Tuning in Valparaiso.
Copyright 2023. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
An enlightening list applicable to rejection in love, work and elsewhere.
The obvious possibilities (Just possibilities):
You didn’t perform well.
You’re a work in progress and need to make some more progress.
The less obvious but equally possible (a partial list):
You smell just fine, just no...
howdoidate.com/personal-development/how-to-reject-rejecti...
Date: 1920
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Will Voss
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This photograph is labeled "At the Lakes. Near Valpo." The photograph's label, in combination with other photographs in the album from which this photograph was included, strongly suggests that this image was taken at one of the resorts at Flint Lake. Note the man's face in the window.
This photograph was included in an album of photographs that appear to have been taken by Will Voss between 1919 and 1921. Most of the photographs in the album are labeled and dated. The bulk of the photographs in the album were taken in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.
It is apparent from the photographs taken in and around Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana, that Will Voss was a student at Polk's School of Piano Tuning in Valparaiso.
Copyright 2023. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
H. Wilson.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: J. H. Franklin and his wife Lillian resided at 603 North Franklin Street in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house still stands in 2021.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 158]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 71]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Specht, Finney & Skinner Company
Valparaiso, Indiana
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Presently, the address of this location is 101 East Lincolnway. The Tremont House, a very early Valparaiso inn, once stood at this location. The Specht, Finney & Skinner building was torn down and replaced by the Farmer's State Bank, a limestone building, in 1927. The Specht-Finney Department Store relocated immediately to the right where the empty lot is visible in the image.
The following news item appears in the February 18, 1899, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
D. F. L. Skinner has purchased a 44 foot front of the Hamill lots at the north east corner of the Court house square upon which he will erect a large business block to be occupied as a department store by Specht, Finney & Skinner.
Specht & Finney, one of the Vale's most prosperous firms, will expand on March 1, by taking into the form Mr. Leslie R. Skinner, son of D. F. L. Skinner. The firm name will be Specht, Finney & Skinner and they will erect a large department store on the Hamil property on E. Main street.
The following news item appears in the March 4, 1899, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
Valparaiso.
The plan for the department store of Specht, Finney & Skinner to be erected at the northeast corner of the public square has been prepared, and when completed this will be the finest business block in the state. It will be ready for occupancy early next fall.
The following news item appeared in the November 25, 1899, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
Valparaiso.
Fully five thousand people attended the opening of "The Best," Specht, Finney & Skinner's new store, Tuesday evening and saw the finest store room in Northern Indiana.
Thirty traveling representatives of firms from whom "The Best" buys goods, were present, and were entertained at dinner by the firm.
The interior was decorated throughout with green festoons and chrysanthemums and the bright lights and vari-colored goods displayed presented a scene that will not soon be forgotted [sic] by the guests. Music was furnished during the evening by the Bell orchestra, stationed in the waiting room on the west side of the first floor. Perhaps the finest display features of the establishment are the large show windows on the south and west sides, giving an opportunity for display that can not be excelled. The arrangement of the window display shows much skill and taste. The department is under the direction of Mr. Samuel Buchanan, a past master in the art of decorating.
Souvenirs were given away by the thousand during the evening. Cigars, knife sharpeners, rulers, silver pin trays and fancy china saucers were handed out to the guests as long as the supply lasted.
The building is perfectly modern and up-to-date in every detail. It is 132x44 feet, two stories high, with a basement running the full length of the structure. Built of pressed brick and trimmed with Bedford stone it is one of the architectural beauties of Valparaiso.
Messrs. Specht, Finney & Skinner will be assisted by the following corps of clerks: E. K. Finney, W. B. McCallum, Samuel Buchanan, John Claussen, Herman Sievers, H. Lutz, H. Winneguth, Bertha Smith, Brenda Whitmore, Minnie Martin, Eda Finney, Dela Clifford, Lida Axe, Bertha Specht, Hattie Ritter, Bessie Brown, W. Ritter, Clara Deetz, Etta Mullins, Claus Claussen and Ava Campbell.
Sources:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; February 18, 1899; Volume 15, Number 45, Page 5, Column 3. Column titled "About the County. Valparaiso."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; March 4, 1899; Volume 15, Number 47, Page 1, Column 4. Column titled "Valparaiso."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; November 25, 1899; Volume 16, Number 33, Page 4, Columns 2-3. Column titled "Valparaiso."
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 15]
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Dodge Institute of Telegraphy
Valparaiso, Indiana
Date: Circa 1900
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Unknown
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: J. Bumann
Remark: This photograph was likely taken circa 1900 when Dodge's Institute was located in a wood frame building. The Dodge Institute of Telegraphy was initially established as a department of the Northern Indiana Normal School in 1874 by G. A. Dodge. At that time, Dodge was employed as telegrapher of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad and saw opportunity in better educating future telegraphers. Reorganized by Dodge and F. R. Lunbeck in 1891, the school flourished and became the largest telegraph and railway instruction institution in the United States. As radio entered the scene, training in "wireless" communication was added to the curriculum of the institute. Dr. J. B. Hershman purchased the Dodge Institute in 1939 and moved the campus to the site formerly occupied by Pitkin-Brooks and L. E. Myers companies at Center Street and West Lincolnway. Following World War II, the Dodge Institute was renamed the Valparaiso Technical Institute. Valparaiso Technical Institute went defunct in April of 1991, ending 117 years of operation.
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
From www.thf-berlin.de/en/history-of-location/aviation-history...
Tempelhof airport
Petrol engines and propellers remained the only feasible propulsion methods of aircrafts until the discovery of jet propulsion. In the 1920s and 1930s, civil aviation was engaged the development of larger and faster aircrafts with more space and comfort for passengers as well as expansion of route network in all the regions of the world.
The Treaty of Versailles
The disarmament regulations of the treaty of peace, which the German Reich signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, also concerns military aviation. As the initiator and loser of the First World War, Germany had to dissolve its air force, destroy its plants and aircrafts or hand them over to the victorious powers. Initially, the agreement did not apply to civil aviation. The limitations became applicable even here in May 1921 within the framework of the London Ultimatum. Because it concerned aircraft production among other things, the industry responded with relocations: Dornier now manufactured in Italy, Junkers in Russia and Sweden.
The restrictions ended with the Paris Convention of May 1926. Only the construction of armoured and armed machines continued to be prohibited. At the same time, Germany and France concluded an Aviation Convention: From June onwards, the adversaries of World War I operated an airline together between Berlin and Paris with a stop in Essen and Cologne.
Construction of the Tempelhof central airport
Owing to the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles, even the Tempelhof field, which belonged to Great Berlin since the municipal reform of 1920, could no longer be used as a parade ground. The head of the municipal planning and building control office of Berlin, Leonhard Adler, opposed the plan to develop an exhibition ground here and got involved in the construction of the airfield. Berlin should have a well-connected airport close to the city that is an alternative for the remote airports in Johannisthal and Staaken. Deutsche Aero Lloyd AG as well as Junkers Luftverkehrs AG supported the intention through preliminary financing of the first provisional buildings. They constructed a check-in and administrative building and two hangars.
On 8 October 1923, the airline Berlin-Königsberg began the first operation in Tempelhof. On the same day, the decision of the magistrate was taken to construct the Tempelhof field for Berlin central airport. A signal of the Supreme Army Command was mainly decisive in addition to the negotiating tactics sent by Adler to lower the price of the premises.
The construction of the airport could now begin speedily. At the imaginary intersection of the extended Lilienthalstraße and Paradestraße, halls were constructed in 1924/25 in the New Objectivity architectural style in the middle of what would later become the airfield. In the first phase of construction, the so-called Radio House was also built, which accommodated the air surveillance police among others. As the former predecessor of air-traffic control, it decided take-offs and landings on the basis of weather monitoring and wind direction. Maps and compass were the only aids on board.
The Berliner Flughafengesellschaft (BFG) founded in 1924 operated the airport; Leonhard Adler, who was forced into exile in 1936 by the Nazis because of his Jewish origin, was the Chairman of the Supervisory Board. Although Berlin, Prussia and even the imperial government supported the BFG, its financial position was strained; air shows are said to have catered for additional income.
The construction of the airport was completed five years later with the inauguration of the main building and was again too small. In 1930, Tempelhof was the largest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume. Even the number of flight routes increased; 71 cities of which 25 outside are Germany are headed for Tempelhof. Further construction of the airport was not considered because of financial crisis.
Junkers Luftverkehrs AG and mainly Deutsche Aero Lloyd operated the increasingly dense transport network. In the summer of 1924, Junkers AG attempted night flight with mail transport. The first passenger flight at night flew to Königsberg in May 1926. The entire distance was marked with lamps and headlights; revolving spotlights were installed every 25 to 30 km; even in the night, pilots flew by VFR. Professionalisation brought about instrument flying, which was possible in Tempelhof as of 1930 and was part of the compulsory training for Luft Hansa pilots. With transoceanic flights, the transatlantic transport was ready for aircrafts, which were superior to ships and airships all along because of their speed.
Pioneers of transatlantic flights
On 20th and 21st of May 1927, Charles Lindbergh succeeded in his first “solo crossing” of the Atlantic in his single-engine “Spirit of Saint Louis”. He flew from New York to Paris with no intermediate stops in 33.5 hours. After the first non-stop Atlantic flight of the British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown in a refurbished Long Range Bomber of the First World War on 14 and 15 June 1919, the American pilot Lindbergh, because of his solo performance, became one of the most prominent protagonists in the history of aviation.
Even the Airport Tempelhof and Berlin public took part in this spectacular development. On 7 June 1927, Clarence D. Chamberlin with passenger (and navigator) Charles Levine in “Columbia” landed on the Berlin airfield. They flew from New York to Berlin with a distance of almost 6300 kilometres in 43 hours. In remembrance of this track record, the Prinz-August-von-Württemberg-Straße was renamed to Columbiastraße.
In the following year, Ehrenfried Freiherr von Hünefeld, Hauptmann Hermann Köhl and Major James A. Fitzmaurice were successful in their transatlantic return visit. The Irishman and both the Germans flew in Junkers W 33 “Bremen” against the main wind direction from east to west across the ocean for the first time. After the successful start in Ireland, they reached USA in 36.5 hours and were personally honoured there by President Hoover. The Berliners greeted the trio enthusiastically during their visit to Tempelhof in June 1928.
Comfort for passengers
Since the beginning of 1920s, continental commercial aviation was becoming more and more attractive to the passengers. The airlines now offered aircrafts with closed cabins - gone was the era of flying gear, crash helmets and safety goggles, which the passengers received on loan from the airline. There now were picnic baskets on board small single-engine aircrafts; complete meals were offered on German Sunday connecting flights as on 1928. With the introduction of four-engine Ju 90 and Focke-Wulf Fw 200 “Condor” began the era of flight attendants – a service for which trained nurses were initially engaged by Boeing Air Transport in 1930. Armchairs, smoker's lounges and sleeping cabins offered on board all imaginable convenience.
Larger and faster aircrafts like Junkers Ju 52, Tante Ju, Ju 160 or Focke Wulf Fw 200 “Condor” brought more and more people to their destination in lesser and lesser time in 1930s. With the single-engine Heinkel He 70, the fastest commercial aircraft of its time, Lufthansa, renamed since a year, launched its “lightning distance” from Berlin to Frankfurt am Main in 1934. If flying was thus far hardly faster than a train journey not least because of the location of the airports, flights now really saved time. Aircrafts occupied top position under means of transport.
Development of Lufthansa
Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG), Deutsche Bank, Hapag and Luftschiffbau Zeppelin supported the “Deutschen Luft-Reederei GmbH” (DLR) founded in 1917, the first company to provide passenger transportation via aircrafts throughout the world. After establishing the first commercial scheduled air service from Berlin to Weimar in the year 1919, Hamburg, Gelsenkirchen and Swinemünde became the destinations soon after for mail and passenger service. The aircrafts of DLR already bore a crane on the empennage designed by Otto Firle.
The founding boom in the young business branch “commercial aviation” quickly led to mergers given the economic pressures. Against the competition of Junkers Flugzeugwerke in Dessau, DLR and Lloyd Luftdienst GmbH in Berlin merged to form Deutschen Aero Lloyd AG in February 1923. Reich Ministry of Transport intervened at the peak of competition in 1925. It wanted to separate industrial and transportation interests and offer financial recovery to Junkers factories, which were in acute financial crisis, when Junkers ceded its transportation sector to the Ministry and at the same time pressed for another “market shake-out”. On 6 January 1926, Deutsche Luft Hansa AG emerged from the merger of Aero Lloyd and Junkers. The colours of Junkers Luftverkehrs AG combined with the crane of DLR resulted in the well-known blue-yellow logo of Lufthansa. Tempelhof was its base airport until 1945.
In the summer of 1926, Luft Hansa already operated 64 airlines. In order to prepare for long routes, it undertook expedition flights, for example, to East Asia or Brazil. In 1926, two Junkers G 24 flew to Peking and a flying boat Dornier Wal to South America in ten stages. At the same time, a network was established for freight and postal routes and experiences of long-distance flights collected. In 1932, Luft Hansa was at the forefront among airlines. Its fleet comprised 155 aircrafts, route network of more than 27500 kilometres. Tempelhof was its centre.
After the hand-over of power to the Nazis, the Ministry of Transport forfeited its responsibility related to the issues of aviation. From May 1933, the Reich Air Minister, Hermann Göring, was competent for consulting the entire aviation industry for the build-up of the Air Force, which was initially confidential. The Lufthansa aircrafts bore the swastika on the empennage until 1945.
St. Endlich, M. Geyler-von Bernus, B. Rossé
Date: 1920
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Will Voss
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This photograph is labeled "Lake between Valpo. and Gary." This lake is Flint Lake and visible to the right in this photograph is the conveyor to the storage building of Lytle's ice house situated near the southeast corner of the lake.
This photograph was included in an album of photographs that appear to have been taken by Will Voss between 1919 and 1921. Most of the photographs in the album are labeled and dated. The bulk of the photographs in the album were taken in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.
It is apparent from the photographs taken in and around Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana, that Will Voss was a student at Polk's School of Piano Tuning in Valparaiso.
Copyright 2023. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Established 1887. Powers, Higley & Company. Educational Specialties.
Offices.
Factory Interior.
Stockholders.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The following news item appeared in the February 24, 1910, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
Powers-Higley Co. Is Absorbed by the Valparaiso Lighting Co.
Valparaiso Vidette: H. D. Hayden, superintendent of the Valparaiso Lighting company, states that the deal was completed Saturday whereby his company comes into position of the Powers-Higley plant in this city. The consideration was not named, but it is understood that is was about $4,000. The Powers-Higley plant has been a losing proposition for some time, and the old owners to retain possession was nothing short of a business suicide.
Mr. Hayden stated to a Vidette reporter that the factory operated by the old firm will remain, the power to be furnished by the Lighting company. As far as practicable the Powers-Higley cables and wires will be used and Mr. Hayden hopes to have the current transferred within three weeks, or a month at the latest.
According to the superintendent, only the minimum cost of transferring the system will be charged to the consumers affected. Work of changing the system has already begun, and an extra force of men will be kept "on the job" until the work is completed.
The news of the purchase will not come as much of a surprise, for it was generally known that negotiations were being carried on between the two companies. The deal was not completed, however, until Saturday.
Sources:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; February 24, 1910; Volume 26, Number 48, Page 7, Column 5. Column titled "Powers-Higley Co. Is Absorbed by the Valparaiso Lighting Co."
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 20]
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
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The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Our General conditions are applicable to all legal relationships between
Arnd Bronkhorst Photography and a Counter Party, also after an agreement has
been terminated, unless the parties have deviated from these conditions
expressly and in writing. General Conditions which are employed by a Counter
Party are expressly rejected by Arnd Bronkhorst Photography.
INTERIOR VIEWS, FREEMAN & M'NAY.
Date: 1898
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Headlight Engraving Company
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The following information concerning Freeman and McNay was transcribed from the source of this image.
Freeman & McNay, Dry Goods, Clothing and Furnishing Goods.
Messrs. Freeman & McNay are popular merchants and transact an extensive business in their beautiful store.
William Freeman was born in Porter county in 1848 and has always lived in Valparaiso. He held the office of county treasurer for four years, and at the present time holds the office of treasurer of the school board and also treasurer of the Porter county Agricultural Society.
James McNay was born in Michigan City in 1856 and came to Valparaiso in his babyhood, where he received his education. He is one of the organizers of the Valparaiso fire department, was first captain of Alert Hose Company No. 2, and is now first lieutenant of the central fire department. When Mr. Lowenstein [Lowenstine] first started in business here Mr. McNay was his manager for four years. He is a member of the K. of P. [Knights of Pythias].
Source:
Grand Trunk Railway. 1898. Headlight: Sights and Scenes Along the Grand Trunk Railway: Valparaiso, Ind.. Volume 3, Number, 6, Page 26.
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
BATH HOUSE AND BEACH -- MARQUETTE PARK
Date: 1956
Source Type: Playing Card
Publisher: Brown and Bigelow (#4)
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The following new item appeared in the August 10, 1922, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
GARY HAS BEAUTIFUL NEW PARK
Gary, Ind., August 8. -- Thousands of outdoor lovers now are enjoying Gary's lake front park. With its long stretch of sandy beach, boardwalk and splendid bathing pavilion, it stands out as one of the most attractive parks to be found anywhere, designers and builders of civic beauty assert.
The park represents an expenditure by the city of Gary of more than $600,000. The pavilion, costing $200,000, is equipped with modern apparatus, including showers, lockers, roof garden and other features.
The big structure, which is built of white thydrastone, resembling marble, is between the proposed beach road and the lake shore. Its base is about fifteen feet above water level, the northern front of the building standing about 150 feet from water's edge.
The building fronts on Lake Shore drive, about 100 feet from the drive.
The width of the structure is 120 feet over all, with total length of 171 feet, a large central structure with two wings extending east and west.
The central part is two stories high, with a broad passageway from the front entrance to the lake front on the first floor and a spacious promenade on the second floor overlooking the lake from the north side of the building and the Lake Shore drive on the south side. The front of the pavilion is twenty-seven feet high.
The two wings contain lockers for men and women and showers. There are 1,700 lockers, 1,100 for men and boys, and 600 for women and girls. Eight hundred bathing suits have been bought by the park board and will be rented out at a nominal fee.
The bathing beach, fenced on each end by high wire fences, is two miles long. Eight lifeguards have been engaged to patrol the beach and three lifeguard "lookout" stations have been established near the water. The bathing attire and conduct of bathers will be under the supervision of the lifeguards. Bathers will be warned against going beyond the safety zone, which is roped off several hundred feet from the lifeguard "lookouts."
A winding cinder road leads from Miller, three miles from Gary, to the park and beach. This is to be replaced by a concrete road five miles long, which will encircle the park. Along this highway scores of electric standards are being built. The string of arc lights to extend throughout the park, making the park and beach rival Municipal pier of Chicago at night time
Including the beach front, the park covers approximately 215 acres. For 200 or 300 feet south of the bathhouse the sandy soil will be coated with black loam and grass will be planted. Elsewhere the natural beauty with its dunes and shrubbery will be preserved. More than two dozen teams are employed daily in hauling black loam to the park site. It is estimated that the cost of covering the sandy soil with black soil will be more than $15,000. The soil is shipping into Gary by the carloads from Illinois.
Source:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; August 10, 1922; Volume 39, Number 22, Page 8, Column 1. Column titled "Gary Has Beautiful New Park."
Copyright 2022. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Old College Building 1873
Date: 1873 (published in 1910)
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Elmer E. Starr
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This and six small dwelling houses were all the buildings on College Hill (practically the Fourth Ward of the city) in 1873, when the school was established. The entire ward is now covered with College Buildings, Dormitories and hundreds of private residences, all used by the school.
Founded by the Methodist Church, the Valparaiso Male and Female College operated between 1859 to 1871. It was one of the first four year coeducational institutions to operate in the United States. The college went defunct in 1871 and was closed for approximately two years, reopening in 1873 as the Northern Indiana Normal School and Business Institute. The original large brick structure consisted of the west portion of the building (right side of building in the image below). The tower and the east wing were erected in 1867. The structure shown here, with several additions, was destroyed on February 15, 1923, by a fire originating from an overheated stove.
The following news item appears in the February 22, 1923, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
BUILDING TO RISE FROM THE RUINS
Arising from the blackened ruins of the historic administration building of Valparaiso university which was destroyed by fire last Thursday morning, will come a new and modern administration building and library, according to a decision of the trustees at a meeting held Saturday.
The loss is estimated between $150,000 and $175,000. This was fairly well covered with insurance and the trustees believe the building can be replaced. Committees were named to find out exactly what is needed in the way of new buildings and some decision will be reached at the next meeting of the board, February 28.
The fire which is of unknown origin was hard to fight on account of the cold. It started about 5 A. M. and the flames were not under control before 10:30 o'clock, when the building was a heap of smoldering ruins. For a time the flames threatened to spread to other buildings. Water dashed against the building froze on the walls so that the buildings looked like an ice plant without and a raging inferno within. Two students who lived in the towers narrowly escaped with their lives and lost all personal effects.
Male and co-ed students joined in an effort to save the school library when the fire was discovered. Shielding their faces with dampened towels and handkerchiefs, the students worked frantically, carrying armful after armful of books and records out from the ever-growing inferno into the cold.
Numerous valuable paintings in the art school, also housed in the administration building were destroyed.
In addition to the library and art school the administration building contained executive officers of the university and the class rooms of the university high and dramatic school.
The building was the oldest on the campus. It was erected 50 years ago and housed the original college.
Sources:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; February 22, 1923; volume 39, Number 50, Page 1, Column 1. Column titled "Building to Rise From the Ruins."
Starr, Elmer E. 1910. Souvenir 1910 Valparaiso University. Valparaiso, Indiana: Elmer E. Starr. 22 p.
Copyright 2020. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Heritage Hall
Date: 1910
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Elmer E. Starr
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Originally named Flint Hall, this structure was built as a three story building in 1875 of John C. Flint and served as a boarding house for about eighty students and a residence for Mr. Flint.
The structure's foundation footprint was 38 feet by 134 feet and the building had a mansard roof built by contractors Shade & Perkins. The cost of construction was $8,000.
At 10:00 am on Tuesday, January 25, 1881, a fire was discovered in the southwest corner of the third floor of Flint Hall. Most of the contents were saved, but several individuals suffered injuries. Music Professor Richard A. Heritage then purchased the damaged structure. In remodeling the structure after the fire, the third floor was removed and a flat roof was placed over the second story. The hall was then renamed Heritage Hall. The structure served as the university library from 1925 to 1946. Professor Richard A. Heritage served as head of the Music Department at Valparaiso University from 1877 to 1894.
Sources:
Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; September 9, 1875; Volume 19, Number 36, Page 2, Column 3.
Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; January 27, 1881; Volume 25, Number 4, Page 5, Column 2.
Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; January 27, 1881; Volume 25, Number 4, Page 5, Column 3. Column titled "Fire! Fire! Fire! Flint's Hall Burned Down! One Hundred Students Driven from a Hot House into a Cold World!"
Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; January 27, 1881; Volume 25, Number 4, Page 5, Column 3. Column titled "Normal Notes."
Starr, Elmer E. 1910. Souvenir 1910 Valparaiso University. Valparaiso, Indiana: Elmer E. Starr. 22 p.
Copyright 2020. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Loring Hospital.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Dr. Dennis Johnson Loring constructed and operated the Loring Hospital in 1891 on East Jefferson Street in Valparaiso. The hospital could accommodate up to twelve patients and was the first hospital to operate in Porter County. In 1906, Dr. Simon J. Young approached the National Benevolent Association, located in St. Louis, to request that the Association partner with the Christian Church of Valparaiso in purchasing the Loring Hospital. The Association agreed to cover one-half of the cost of the purchase, while the local church covered the other one-half of the $13,000 purchase price. The Loring Hospital thus changed its name to Christian Hospital and operated until 1939 when Porter Memorial Hospital was constructed.
After the sale of the hospital, Dr. Loring purchased the Narcissa Hamell property located on the northeast corner of Jefferson and Washington Streets in Valparaiso and erected a second hospital. Following the death of Dr. Loring in 1914, Dr. James R. Pagin purchased the property, later selling it too the Elks Lodge. After two years of ownership, the Elks Lodge sold the second Loring Hospital to the Valparaiso Women's Club in 1925.
Source:
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 58]
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Mr. M.H.M.N. Bandara is a Member of the Sri Lanka Foreign Service (2000 batch)
(The following article published on Sunday Nation on 30 September 2007,{www.nation.lk/2007/09/30/special2.htm} and Sunday Observer on 7th October 2007 {www.sundayobserver.lk/2007/10/07/fea01.asp}
Foreign Service Invest further for a fruitful harvest
(The 58th anniversary of the Sri Lanka Foreign Service falls on October 1)
By M.H.M.N. Bandara
The Sri Lanka Foreign Service (SLFS) will commemorate its 58th anniversary on October 1. The SLFS, which commenced its activities independently on October 1, 1949 with five members – Dr. V.L.B. Mendis, H.O. Wijegoonawardena, A. Basnayake, I. B. Fonseka and Y. Yogasunderam – has since grown substantially, having undergone changes, challenges, disputes, etc., and now has a strength of 153 career personnel serving as ambassadors, high commissioners, additional secretaries, directors general and directors.
It is my view that the SLFS has not received its due share of ‘praise’ from both the media and the general public. This is mainly due to the fact that the general public is not appropriately apprised of the onerous duties performed by the members of the SLFS for the benefit of the country as a whole.
One allegation levelled against the SLFS is that SLFS officers are not closely linked with Sri Lankans living abroad. They are at times targetted by the media in a critical manner for not taking action to ‘safeguard’ the Sri Lankan migrant workers who are found guilty of violating the rule of law applicable to the respective countries. Nevertheless, it will have to be conceded that there may be very few instances where SLFS officers have observed the rules in the breach, perhaps unwittingly.
Criticism
Another criticism levelled against SLFS officers is that they are keener on ‘looking after the welfare of their children’s, education,’ rather than the wellbeing of the country. This allegation is baseless and is unfounded.
Of the 419 home based officers serving in Sri Lankan foreign missions abroad, only 97 officials, a mere 23%, are from the SLFS. The remaining 322 personnel, or 77%, comprise officers from various government services and also those who have political patronage.
Of the 153 officers now serving the SLFS, 61% comprise of unmarried officers and officers with one child per officer or none. Most of the children of these officers are not receiving the ‘education allowance.’ Hence, it is not fair by these officers to level such criticism against them.
The SLFS is a specialised service. It runs parallel to the Sri Lanka Administrative service and other combined services in the country. However, its role is different from other services. Broadly, the SLFS officials are tasked with the responsibility of coordinating bilateral and multilateral relations with foreign countries and also with the responsibility of protecting and safeguarding the image of the country.
The SLFS officers have measured up to their counterparts in other countries in discharging their assigned duties with diligence and bringing ‘name and fame’ to our motherland.
When we gained independence in 1948 after a period of foreign domination of almost 150 years, the most sought after and the prestigious service in the country was the then Ceylon Civil Service (CCS). Therefore, every young man with the requisite qualifications aspired to be a ‘civil servant’ and the failures at the Civil Service had the opportunity to join the then Overseas Service, which was then new to the country. However, they had to answer an extra question paper on world affairs.
First Overseas Service Minute
In terms of the first Overseas Service Minute – operative from 1949 to 1959 – nearly 32 officials were recruited to the then Ceylon Overseas Service as probationers and they were designated as ‘Grade IV Officers of the Ceylon Overseas Service.’
The Overseas Service Minute of 1949 was superseded by the Overseas Service Minute of 1959, which had the effect of a revision of the examination to recruit officers to the Overseas Service. From 1949 to 1973, a total of 73 officers had been recruited to the SLFS.
From January 4, 1974 onwards, the scheme of recruitment to the SLFS was revised so as to allow the opportunity to those graduates who had qualified themselves in Sinhala and Tamil media also to sit the examination in Sinhala and Tamil media in addition to the examination in the English medium.
Thereby, many graduates from Sinhala and Tamil speaking rural areas who received their education in the Sinhala and Tamil media and who were the products of ‘central colleges’ established in keeping with the ‘C.W.W. Kannangara vision’ were benefited and the numbers from such rural areas exceeded the numbers from the urban areas.
Until the time of late President Ranasinghe Premadasa, the post of Foreign Affairs Ministry secretary was held by non-SLFS officers. It was during Premadasa’s time that an SLFS officer was appointed to this post for the first time and that honour went to Bernard Tilakaratna.
Subsequently T.H.W. Woutersz (1965 batch), R.C. Vendargart (1967 batch), G. Wijesiri (1970 batch), D.E.N. Rodrigo (1965 batch), B.A.B. Goonetilleke (1970 batch) and H.M.G.S. Palihakkara (1979 batch) held that coveted post.
Creating history
Manel Abeysekera created history in the SLFS by being the first female career diplomat and the first female chief of protocol of the Foreign Ministry. Mary Luxhmi Naganathan was the second female career diplomat and the first from the Tamil community to reach that level.
Sarala Fernando (1975 batch) was the first female permanent representative of the United Nations. Of an approved cadre of 179, the SLFS now has 153 officers in its service in the categories Grade I, II, and III, (and at the additional secretary level too).
The ethnic, religious and gender balance in the SLFS is healthy. Of the 153 serving officers, 52 are females and four of them are serving as heads of missions in Paris (C. Wagiswara), The Hague (Pamela J. Deen), London (Kshenuka Senewiratne) and Vienna (Aruni Wijewardane).
In addition to the aforesaid female heads of missions, SLFS officers head the following missions: New Delhi (C. R. Jayasinghe), New York (Prasad Kariyawasam), Berlin (Jayantha Palipana), Warsaw (C. F. Chinniah), Beijing (Karunathilaka Amunugama Stockholm (Ranjith Jayasuriya – designate) , Tel Aviv (W.M. Senevirathna – designate), Tokyo (Ranjith Uyangoda), Muscat (M. Maharoof), Cairo (I Ansar –designate), Oslo (Esala Weerakoon), Katmandu (Sumith Nakandala), Pretoria (R.K.M.A. Rajakaruna), Hanoi (A. L. Rathnapala), Dhaka (V. Krishnamoorthy), Frankfurt (T. Raveenthiran) and Chennai (P.M. Amza).
Two officers of the ‘ambassador rank’ are serving as an Additional Secretary (Sarala Fernando) and a Director General (Grace Asirwatham) respectively at the Foreign Affairs Ministry.
Of the aforesaid 153 SLFS officers, 57 officers, including the 10 officers recruited in April 2007, are attached to the office of the Foreign Affairs Ministry in Colombo. The remaining 91 SLFS officers are attached to Sri Lankan missions abroad (four officers are on study leave and one of senior officers has been working in the international organisation).
Recruitment
The majority of the SLFS officers had been recruited through competitive examinations and some through the ‘merit system,’ which was an opportunity extended to clerical grade officers serving the Foreign Ministry and the other category through a ‘limited examination’ conducted by the Examinations Department for the benefit of certain grades of public servants with a certain number of years of service to their credit in government departments.
Recruitments to the SLFS under the merit and limited systems were abolished by the new minutes introduced in 2001. Anyone who wishes now to join the SLFS has to sit an Open Competitive Examination conducted by the Examinations Department. The examination comprises six written papers and a viva voice.
When we look back at the performance of some of our SLFS officers during the last ‘half-a-century,’ we can be really proud of our service. Many of them have excelled in their respective fields. I take this opportunity to name a few of them:
Deshamanya Dr. V. L. B. Mendis was in one of the very first batches of officers selected to the overseas service of Sri Lanka (then Ceylon). His contribution to our foreign service is priceless. He was highly respected wherever he served. To his credit, there are several publications authored by him which are a sine qua non to SLFS officers.
The 1976 Non-aligned Summit was the most successful international conference ever held in this country. Dr. Mendis was its secretary general and it was he and the SLFS officials who meticulously planned and programmed the proceedings of the summit. The whole world acclaimed that it was a complete success.
The diplomatically famed Dr. Jayantha Danapala has brought fame not only to the Foreign Service, but also to our motherland as a whole. He is a product of the SLFS and has displayed his ‘diplomatic skills’ internationally by serving the United Nations at different levels. His name was also proposed for the post of secretary general of the United Nations in the year 2006.
Achievements
Dr. John Gunaratne, who joined the Foreign Service in 1967, has several publications to his credit, one of which is A Decade of Confrontations: Sri Lanka and India in the 1980s. His recent publication launched in July 2007 is Negotiating with the Tigers.
S.B. Atugoda joined the Foreign Service in 1975 and he has several publications to his credit – fiction in both Sinhala and English.
Ranjith Gunaratana of the 1992 batch has published several fictions both Sinhala and English.
In 2006 he translated into Sinhala and published the biography of the former Singaporean Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew.
Niluka Kadurugamuwa, who joined the Foreign Service in the 2003, was a journalist at the Lakbima Newspaper. He has translated into Sinhala and published two publications, In Evil Hour authored by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Maya authored by Manel Abeyratne under the titles Vikal Horawa and Maya, respectively.
Bandu de Silva and Kalyananda Godage of the 1956 and 1973 batches respectively are two prolific writers. They subscribe to the local press periodically on matters not only pertaining to the Foreign Service but also of national interest. Their publications have boosted the image of the Foreign Service.
Nihal Rodrigo is not only a diplomat (1965 batch) but is also a painter of no mean repute. Rodrigo, when he once met Cuban Leader Fidel Castro, on the spur of the moment sketched the Cuban Leader’s face on a piece of paper. The Cuban Leader was so happy with the ‘sketch’ that he autographed it. It is now a souvenir with Rodrigo. Rodrigo served as the SAARC Secretary General from January 1, 1999 to January 10, 2002.
T.Z.A. Samsudeen of the 1981 Foreign Service batch served as the executive director of the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IORARC) in Mauritius. Rodney Perera of the 1988 batch and a former ambassador to Italy received one of the highest honours awarded by the Italian government.
Media personnel
Our Foreign Service also possesses experienced media personnel. Ravintha Abeysinghe of the 1988 batch was an announcer as well as a presenter at Sri Lanka Rupavahani Corporation. As a presenter of SLRC, he had also conducted several interviews with visiting VIP leaders of many countries. He is presently the director general of public communications at the Foreign Ministry.
Madhrika Joseph and George Cooke of the 1998 and 2007 batches sharpened their skills as announcers at SLRC and TNL respectively. Several SLFS officers are well versed in UN languages and other international languages.
B. Kandeepan joined the Foreign Service in the year 1996. His hobby is playing the tabla and he is a skilled tabla player. He has displayed his tabla-playing skills even at musical shows conducted by Maestro Visaradha Amaradeva.
Chanaka H. Talpahewa (year 2000 batch) has excelled in the sport of rowing in the country. He became the first rowing captain of Sri Lanka when he led the Sri Lanka rowing team to the Asian Games in South Korea in 2002. He also won a silver medal at the SAF Games in Pakistan (2004) and a bronze medal at the South Asian Games in Colombo (2006). He is the holder of two Sri Lanka records. He is also an accomplished rowing coach and the secretary of the National Rowing Association.
The SLFS had to face an uphill task to redeem the lost prestige of the country. Human rights violations were the main allegation levelled against Sri Lanka. Our officers working in foreign missions, especially New York, Geneva, Brussels and some European countries and India, had to burn the midnight oil to keep the Sri Lankan flag flying with prestige.
Our officers, with the guidance of that great and inimitable statesman, the late Foreign Minister Lakshman Kadirgamar, were not only able to turn the tide against the terrorists and redeem the lost prestige of our motherland but also to persuade several countries, including those who initially supported terrorist activities, to proscribe the anti Sri Lanka movements in their countries. It was a great achievement and the unsung heroes were the Foreign Affairs Ministry officials and the Minister.
Significant role
Foreign Ministry officials played a significant role at the peace talks/negotiations with the LTTE commencing from Thimpu to Geneva. The first Peace Secretariat Secretary General was B.A.B. Goonetilleke, a product of the SLFS 1970 batch. Dr. Jayantha Danapala and Dr. John Gooneratne too had worked at the Peace Secretariat. Presently C. H. Poologasingham of the SLFS 1975 batch is working at the Peace Secretariat. The two SAARC summits held in Sri Lanka were excellently handled by SLFS officers.
The tsunami of December 2004 was the biggest disaster the country ever suffered. The administrative machinery too was affected and several public servants could not even reach their work places. The international community reacted to the situation immediately and the influx of foreign aid was instantaneous. Over 300 foreign delegates arrived in the country.
The SLFS officers were ever ready to meet any situation and the coordination of the visits of the foreign delegates was handled by the SLFS officers to the satisfaction of everyone.
Officers of the Sri Lankan missions abroad collected more than Rs. 500 million as donations as well as officers’ personal contributions. The Sri Lankan Mission in China alone collected approximately Rs. 200 million. With those funds, the Foreign Ministry completed five housing projects comprising 856 housing units for tsunami victims – 152 units at Trincomalee, 300 units at Ampara, 116 units at Galle (two projects) and 288 units at Kalutara.
The recent reception held at the Embassy of Sri Lanka in Japan to commemorate ‘Sri Lanka Day’ was attended by more than 100,000 guests and the spouse of the Japanese Prime Minister graced the occasion as the Chief Guest. It was a great publicity event organised by the SLFS officers of the mission.
Yeoman service
SLFS officers have done a yeoman service to the country. They have protected and safeguarded the image of the country. They have kept the Sri Lankan flag flying with dignity. Their services are indeed praiseworthy.
The next batch to the SLFS is scheduled to be recruited in the near future. As a member of the SLFS, I invite talented young graduates who passed out recently to join the SLFS and serve our motherland.
In conclusion, I mention with gratitude the encouragement given to me by that veteran administrator, Lionel Fernando, a one time Foreign Affairs Ministry secretary and member of the former Civil Service, to make an in-depth study of the SLFS. I thank him from the bottom of my heart.
(The writer is the First Secretary of the Embassy of Sri Lanka, The Hague, The Netherlands. E.mail. menikb@hotmail.com
Auditorium Interior
Date: 1910
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Elmer E. Starr
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The Auditorium at Valparaiso University was constructed in 1892. It served as a center for entertainment and was later converted to a chapel. The structure was destroyed by fire on November 27, 1956.
The following news item concerning the construction of the Auditorium Building appeared in the June 26, 1891, issue of The Tribune:
Valpo's New Normal College.
Never in the history of any school has such marvelous growth and development been seen as of the Normal School of Valparaiso. Professors Brown and Kinsey, by their untiring efforts and indefatigable labors have won for themselves an undying reputation consequent on their establishment and management of the Normal. Their school has multiplied and re-multiplied until now they deem it necessary to enlarge upon their already spacious quarters by erecting a magnificent college building. The edifice is to be situated on the corner of College avenue and Locust street. Active progress is now being made in excavating and preparing the foundation. The building will be 120x60 feet. It will consist of two stories, the first being 14 feet high and the second 32 feet high. The material used in the construction will be pressed brick with stone trimmings. The first floor will consist of six recitation rooms, each with an average seating capacity of one hundred pupils. These rooms will be utilized for the study of mathematics and sciences. The second floor will be used as an auditorium, with a seating capacity of 2,000. It is said the Auditorium will be the largest in Indiana, barring the Hall at Indianapolis. All the modern mechanical appliances are to be inaugurated, electricity and gas will be utilized for lighting purposes. The system of ventilation is complete in every detail. The estimated cost of the building will be forty thousand dollars. the citizens of Valparaiso may well feel proud of this ornament to their now beautiful city.
Sources:
Starr, Elmer E. 1910. Souvenir 1910 Valparaiso University. Valparaiso, Indiana: Elmer E. Starr. 22 p.
The Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; June 26, 1891; Volume 8, Number 11, Page 1, Column 3. Column titled "From Our Neighbors. Newsy Notes From The County Round On The Movements of the People."
Copyright 2020. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Date: 1920
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Will Voss
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This photograph is labeled "Taken in front of school." This photograph was taken on Mechanic Street, now known as Indiana Avenue, south of the Porter county courthouse square. Washington Street would be to the immediate left of the photographer. Lowenstine and Son's Department Store can be seen in the distance to the right of the man. The "school" referred to in this photograph's label is Polk's School of Piano Tuning.
This photograph was included in an album of photographs that appear to have been taken by Will Voss between 1919 and 1921. Most of the photographs in the album are labeled and dated. The bulk of the photographs in the album were taken in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.
It is apparent from the photographs taken in and around Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana, that Will Voss was a student at Polk's School of Piano Tuning in Valparaiso.
Copyright 2023. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Five Points School
Pleasant Township, Porter County, Indiana
Date: Circa 1920
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Kouts Centennial Book (1965)
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: The original Five Points School was located northeast of the intersection of County Road 700 South and Baum’s Bridge Road. Historically, Five Points School represented School District Number 4 of Pleasant Township. The wood frame school was heavily damaged by a torando on May 26, 1917. On July 5, 1917, bids were opened by Pleasant Township Trustee William P. Betterton to rebuild the school with brick across the road and slightly south from its original location on one and one-half acre of land purchased from Herman Grieger of Wanatah. The Foster Lumber and Coal Company of Valparaiso served as the general contractor for the construction of the new brick school. The building was completed in September 1917 and dedicated on September 26 of that year. The structure was considered one of the finest built and equipped schools in that state when it was completed.
The second Five Points School was located west of Baum’s Bridge Road several hundred feet south of County Road 700 South. Historically, Five Points School represented School District Number 4 of Pleasant Township. The brick school was constructed in 1927 after the original school was heavily damaged from a tornado. The school was discontinued in 1937 due to consolidation of the township’s schools and the structure, which still exists as of 2021, was converted into a residence.
Sources:
Centennial Committee. 1965. Kouts Centennial, 1865-1965. Kouts, Indiana: Centennial Committee. 181 p.
Hardesty, A. G. 1876. Illustrated Historical Atlas of Porter County, Indiana. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. G. Hardesty. 90 p. [see p. 27]
George A. Ogle & Company. 1906. Standard Atlas of Porter County, Indiana. Chicago, Illinois: George A. Ogle & Company. 83 p. [see p. 30]
George A. Ogle & Company. 1921. Standard Atlas of Porter County, Indiana: Including a Plat Book of the Villages, Cities and Townships of the County. Chicago, Illinois: George A. Ogle & Company. 61 p. [see p. 26]
Lee & Lee. 1895. Lee and Lee’s Atlas of Porter County, Indiana. Chicago, Illinois: Lee & Lee. 81 p. [see p. 26]
Lewis Publishing Company. 1912. History of Porter County, Indiana: A Narrative of its Historical Progress, its People and its Principal Interests. Volume I. Chicago, Illinois: Lewis Publishing Company. 357 p. [see p. 163]
The Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; June 13, 1917; Page 5, Column 6. Column titled “Notice to Bidders.”
The Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; June 27, 1917; Page 4, Column 3. Column titled “New Site for Five Points School Building.”
The Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; July 11, 1917; Page 2, Column 6. Column titled “Contracts Let For Five Points Schoolhouse.”
The Porter County Vidette, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; September 26, 1917; Page 4, Column 1. Column titled “Five Points School Dedicated Saturday Evening.”
The Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana; August 18, 1936; Volume 10, Section 3, Pages 13-14. Column titled “Kouts High School History of Pleasant Township: As Compiled by History Class and Instructors for The Vidette-Messenger.”
Copyright 2009. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Education is the goal of this young man,encoureging ather's is his destiny.
Qoraaga: Abdirasaq Itaqile
INTRODUCTION
First education or the academic institution may be defined as a set of organized processes designed to transmit knowledge and skills to develop mental abilities. Really education is modern societies serves at least eight different purposes namely:
1-Transmission of culture
2-Teaching of values
3- The promotion of social mobility
4-Certification
5- Job training
6-Establishing social relationships
7-Politcal socialization
8-Baby-sitting
Education is a sound investment for many reasons including economic grounds. In the third world governments spend a large proportion of their budget on education which seemed to them the most profitable form of investment. In Somaliland by contrast government spends half of its budget (50%) on security and very small portion to the schooling especially primary schooling to produce basic literacy and numeracy through out the population.
Actually the educational system of Somaliland was copied from the previous colonial experience and this hindered the country's educational policy since adjustment compatible with our indigenous needs which requires lengthy, torturous attitudinal and institutional change.
SOLSA argues the key to better future for our country depends on governments' control of our own educational system.
It's clear as crystal that the ministry of education has no tangible policy for our education and the ministry's directorate of planning which is in charge of formulating educational policy is not working and this made our own educational system haphazard.
The statement of Arnold Anderson in the book (ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POST PRIMARY EDUCATION) should be applicable to the educational policy of our country which states as follows: "in formulating educational policy every society must compromise among three goals
* Efficiency in allocating training to individuals most likely to profit from it.
· Equity in opening opportunities for education impartially to various groups
· And free choice of educational careers to maximize motivation and flexibility"
"Compromise" suggests that efficiency, equity and freedom of choice are in that sequence, the important elements necessary for sound educational system.
If these three elements can't be attained in equal proportion, priority must be given to the criteria of efficiency
In our country the financial realities and sometimes poor judgment make it impossible for our educational system to balance effectively these three elements. For instance, Somaliland educational system in implementing equity and freedom of choice for student's sacrificed efficiency. This result was of course not intentional on the part of our educational policy makers but was unavoidable. Inadequate financial resources and the crippling factor of mismanagement compound the disparity between intention and achievement.
The efficiency element sometimes necessitates the hiring of educational personnel from distant countries;
Heavy financial requirements involved in such a case makes impossible for our country to fulfill the policy although it’s the country's ultimate benefit contributing to the fulfillment of our education goals.
The equity element is also achieved by having a free educational system open to all citizens at all levels.
Over the last 17 years since the inception of Somaliland's sovereignty and the re-establishment of educational institution for independent democratic country was accomplished thus replacing the dictator policy of censoring publications prohibiting the spread of information to suppress alternative ideas and facts and abolishment of informal education as a result of this shift towards democracy in Somaliland the private education sector took root in Somaliland and reached up to standard thus surpassing the public education sector.
The private schools has been booming and flourishing because they confer special advantage on to students from elite backgrounds, also private schools provide better education than public schools because of high tuition rates.
SOLSA envisions that in the near future the public education sector might vanish with out trace if not saved and the private education sector will become the only educational institution operating in the country and therefore would result that the only well-heeled families to buy better schools for their offspring than can poor families.
If we look the other side of the coin virtually private schools adopted the curriculum of foreign countries such as the UK, SUDAN AND EGYPT and this will have an adverse effect on to the future of our young generation since the ministry of education doesn't recognize the certificates issued by the most of private schools
Viewing the educational system of our country from another perspective SOLSA suggests that an important problem prevailing in the country should be solved, namely the cultural gap resulting from great emphasis on secular education on one hand and the neglect of religious education on the other hand.
Islamic culture is strong in our country but the ministry of education failed to avoid the persistent problem of the modernization of our educational system at the expense of religion.
In Somaliland religious courses in the primary and secondary schools are weak and inadequate, and at the university level no religious courses are offered except to the students of Islamic faculty.
SOLSA recommends that religious courses should be taught at primary and high schools with full seriousness and at the university level reasonable religious courses should be taught along with secular courses in all years because "Islam as a way of life" must be accessible to the educated and uneducated people alike.
The assumption is that religion finds this way to their souls and once this is achieved psychological stability is attained ,consequently the pursuit of all activities is rendered much easier and can be approached with full concentration even after reaching the highest levels of education in various fields .a true Muslim invariably remain faithful to his religion.
The current educational system of Somaliland is based on a primary level with eight grades follows by a secondary level with four grades and a university level.
PRIMARY SCHOOLING
Primary schooling had more impact than any other period of schooling, reading, writing and arithmetic opens doors for people that stayed open through out their lives .also primary schooling is virtually necessary condition for the development of critical thinking for life in democratic society.
in the pre-colonial era there were no primary schools in our country and the few existed ones were kuranic teaching schools which often run by religious leaders as a way of promoting Islamic faith and social values .The arrival of British colonialism in Somaliland and the subsequent expansion of British rule over the hinterlands of our country brought about the establishment of the first primary schools.
Previously primary schools were confined to urban centers and their curriculum was based on British curriculum. English and Arabic languages were the language of instruction as the Somali language wasn't written. The military coup in 1969 and siyad bare's approach of scientific socialism changed the educational system of the country. With the writing of Somali language in Latina script in 1972 replaced the English language and became the language of instruction.
During siyad bare's rule, primary schooling became wide spread and the number of illiterate declined
The downfall of siyad bare's regime and the subsequent inception of Somaliland in 1991 primary schooling were revived mainly through the private initiative of the trained teachers because the three year long civil war devastated all educational infrastructures.
In 1996/1997 the government took over the public schools and started paying salaries to the teachers.
Actually there are three levels of education in the primary schooling .first is the pre-schooling level, which is small sector of educational activity mainly concerned teaching kuran the children but now this level doesn’t exist.
Previously students' enrolment to the primary schooling hinged on how many surats of kuran do the student know and unless student passes kuranic exam he/she wouldn’t get in to the primary.
Today primary schooling enrolment process depends on merely if the student has the tuition fee and the above mentioned factor was omitted.
Secondly there is elementary level which caters for the educational needs of children from the age of six to twelve and thirdly there is intermediate level which caters for children from twelve to fifteen.
In fact The number of pupils has been increasing year by year and therefore the number of students out proportioned the existing classes and this forced the ministry of education to make to shifts (morning and after noon)but this done nothing to reduce the burden .
Really if you visit primary schools you can see 90 students learning one class and this has caused the teacher to lose the control of the class hence the teacher cannot classify the best and worst performing students, what is more the over crowded classes pose health problem because contagious disease can spread easily through the students .
Emphatically physical education which is the sport and physical activity taught as a school subject has been left out and it had an adverse effect on to the students because many of them developed bad habits such as chewing khat smoking cigarette and became dropouts.
The ministry of education defied the conventional wisdom of the English adage" the sound mind is the sound body "by failing to fulfill the PE subject in the primary schools.
To top it all the ministry of education in collaboration with the ministry of sports failed to implement the annual sports tournament of primary schools which has the work of social interaction.
SECONDARY SCHOOLING
With the spread of primary education comes an increasing demand for secondary schooling as well ,and in most parts of the world this schooling is now available to the majority of young people .
With secondary education come skills related to citizenship, people become sufficiently informed to become active in their local communities and to discuss certain political issues.
Students not only learn specific facts in high schools they learn to learn, they acquire a framework of background information in to which they can fit into a new facts.
In 1996 the ministry education opened the doors of first secondary schools which haven't been operational since the civil war in 1988 actually in the world there are comprehensive high schools for both vocational students and those who are preparing for university.
The purpose of this trend is to avoid shutting off options for students and those who could benefit from academic instruction, but in Somaliland this kind of comprehensive high schools doesn't exists because the vocational training schools are not operational.
Emphatically the ministry of education failed to monitor the enrolment process of high schools and therefore a great number of students who haven’t completed or failed the intermediate exams got in through the back door every year by bribing the principles.
Every year hundreds of students fail the final exam in secondary schools while another hundreds of students pass with grade "D" which is not recognized grade and this a clear sign to the ministry's inability to stem the tide by improving the quality of education in secondary schools. The secondary schools in Somaliland have all the infrastructures of education such as text books and science labs but the latter has no use for students since they have learnt theoretically as a result of the teacher's lack of practical help.
Somaliland has the biggest discrepancies between the best and worst performing students, they learn badly because they are taught badly
One approach would have bridged the gap of discrepancy if the ministry of education had implemented which is streaming or tracking i.e. putting of students in groups according to their ability.
In a net shell the ministry of education can't improve the quality of secondary schools with out also doing something about improving the academic standard of the teachers; they are two sides of the same coin.
HIGHER EDUCATION
University level education usually is more specialized than secondary schools though some areas of study are more specialized than others higher education mainly takes place in universities and other institutes where research is carried out and new ideas are generated. And the university is one of the most important places in industrial society not for its teaching function but also for it's creation of new knowledge.
The idea of establishing the first higher institution ( AMOUD UNIVERSITY) was conceived by the intellectuals and elders of Somaliland particularly of the AWDAL region it was formally proposed in a workshop in BORAMA on august 6 1996. The workshop agreed to the proposal and adopted a resolution for the establishment of AMOUND UNIVERSITY.
Amoud University officially started functioning in September 1997 with the faculties of education and business administration.
Three years later university of Hargeisa was inaugurated with the faculties of education and business administration.
The inauguration of Hargeisa University coincided with the graduation of the first patch of secondary schools in Somaliland.
The above-mentioned universities in Somaliland have one thing in common; they offer the same faculties and the profession programs such as engineering, medicine and applied science are absent, although medicine is in its embryonic stage both in Hargeisa and Amoud universities. It would be a right step towards the right direction if they diversify (to complement not to compete).
The management of both Hargeisa and Amoud universities are working hard to upgrade the quality of our universities though still they can't claim to be universities with internationally acknowledged and respected standards of academic and technical excellence in the fields they offer.
In addition to that our universities have no full cooperation with foreign universities and other academic institutions through scientific exchange and scholarships as a result of the country's lack of diplomatic recognition.
The government's expenditure on higher education is not sufficient according to the expenses of our universities, so that every student pays a monthly fee of $40.
The tuition fees are very exorbitant according to the income of our people and many impoverished students gave up hope to pursue university level education as a result of tuition fees.
As a matter of fact there are no rigid entrance requirements to Somaliland universities and this will have an impact on the future graduates.
For instance most students enrolled for medicine in both Hargeisa and Amoud universities haven’t got high grades in the secondary schools exam and you can see grade "C" and "D" students learning medicine in our universities, what a mess.
In our universities in order to maintain high standard students must posses specified academic qualification for admission, this policy is formed for it ensures the universities remain a serious institution of higher learning rather than allowing to be used as a boarding house for unqualified and uninterested students.
Finally there is another problem prevailing in our universities which is the number of students is increasing so rapidly and therefore out proportioning the existing classes and the lack of extension plans in our government.
THE CURRICULUM AND TEACHING MEHTODOLOGY
Curriculum is defined as a presentation of knowledge and organized learning experience.
The organized experience are presented in components that include goals and objectives content, method of delivery and the technology required to deliver the educational content.
The school curriculum is viewed as a sub system of society because the appropriate content to be taught is determined by needs of a society upon which the curriculum development policy is based.
In our curriculum there are too many subjects and this is requires more time to cover and more time the learners to process and reflect on what has been learnt and relate it to what they already know, but the increasing in shifts reduce the number of hours in instruction by half and this causes the goal and objective contents of the curriculum to be omitted leaving unbridgeable gap. In Somaliland subjects like Math's, science, history, geography, and physical education are all taught together. The plan for this kind of education the curriculum is called an integrated skills curriculum because the teachers have integrated the skills or put all the skills in one lesson around topics.
An integrated skills curriculum prepares children for real life but for instance in North America schools; students study each skill separately so that students have separate classes in all subjects.
This is called back-to-basic curriculum which helps students prepare for university work.
If we glance the teaching methodology, issues related to methodology have to do with the following questions.
a) Which is the most appropriate way if teaching?
b) Which is the most appropriate way of acquiring knowledge?
To answer these two questions there are two ways of teaching:
Teacher-centered approach.
Learner-centered approach.
Available resources and the force of tradition determine which method to be adopted and with what result.
Traditional teacher-centered teaching method tends to be more widely practiced in our country despite teacher in-service programs in learner-centered methodology.
Instructional and learning resources such as textbooks and other visual and audio visual teaching equipments associated with learner-centered teaching/learning are often in short supply coupling with the demanding class organization and control that such methods require.
In the developed world schools use modern technology such as television sets computers and VCRs so that lessons are more interesting because of educational videos.
For example science education in JAPAN is technology based children learn the application (use) of science before they learn the principles.
At last SOLSA suggests that ministry of education should come up a new approach to education alternative to traditional schools and traditional ways of learning.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion SOLSA recommends that the ministry of education should make attitudinal and institutional change in the country's educational system by seeking an advice from the most advanced educational systems of the world in order to gear the system's needs to the country's requirements.
Abdirisaaq Ismail Qalinle (itaqile)
SOLSA Board member
Faculty of Engineering, International University of Africa
Khartoum, Sudan
itaqile07@hotmail.com
Phone: +249-121089746
Heatersare typically mounted along the perimeter of the space when applicable. Door areas are stacked with extra units, or tube heater burner boxes are located by doors to provide extra heat. Care is taken to avoid violating the published clearances to combustibles with doors in the open position and/or lifts (with cars on them) in the up position. Common applications also utilize tubes located between lift rows (center of the building) or along side a wall with the heat shined inward. Outside combustion air is highly recommended. Lastly, do not place any heater inside of a paint booth
Date: 1920
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Will Voss
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This photograph is labeled "Between Valpo and Gary." Given other photographs in the album from which this photograph was included, it is believed that these four men are standing on the shoreline of Flint Lake. They likely arrived there by taking the interurban line that ran between Valparaiso and Gary, Lake County, Indiana.
This photograph was included in an album of photographs that appear to have been taken by Will Voss between 1919 and 1921. Most of the photographs in the album are labeled and dated. The bulk of the photographs in the album were taken in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.
It is apparent from the photographs taken in and around Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana, that Will Voss was a student at Polk's School of Piano Tuning in Valparaiso.
Copyright 2023. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Proportions are applicable to the HTC Eris Droid PDA. Please feel free to utilize artwork on your phone!
Heatersare typically mounted along the perimeter of the space when applicable. Door areas are stacked with extra units, or tube heater burner boxes are located by doors to provide extra heat. Care is taken to avoid violating the published clearances to combustibles with doors in the open position and/or lifts (with cars on them) in the up position. Common applications also utilize tubes located between lift rows (center of the building) or along side a wall with the heat shined inward. Outside combustion air is highly recommended. Lastly, do not place any heater inside of a paint booth
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Geo. Miller.
Date: 1905
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: A. H. Reading
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: George H. Miller and his wife Kate resided at 405 North Lafayette Street in Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. This house no longer exists.
Sources:
Bumstead & Company. 1905. Bumstead's Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory, Including Rural Routes. Chicago, Illinois: Radtke Brothers. 421 p. [see p. 117]
Reading, A. H. 1905. The City of Homes, Schools and Churches: A Pictorial Story of Valparaiso, Its People and Its Environs. Valparaiso, Indiana: A. H. Reading. 82 p. [see p. 76]
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Yannick Val Gesto – Booming
28 november 2015 – 9 january 2016
CINNNAMON, Rotterdam
Opening: Nov 28, 5-8pm
'Deliberately naive' is also a phrase that is applicable to the work of Yannick Val Gesto. His work is an expression of a fast paced world of cyber culture and internet memes, but his prints also give away a longing for in-the-worldness that parallels Rachel de Joode's.
Delving into a wealth of images to be found on the web, Val Gesto cleverly cuts and pastes his source material into intricate works that have a surprisingly painterly quality. Drawing from online subcultures to be found in gaming, manga forums, etc, Val Gesto is specifically intrigued by the amateur aesthetics of 'fan art' that people put online. Val Gesto appropriates and reworks this footage into complex, layered images. Lines, patterns and scribbles are added, seemingly at random and deliberately clumsy, but for the trained eye it is clear that these works are minutely composed and genuinely skillful.
For this exhibition at CINNNAMON Val Gesto has created and installation with mural drawings, prints, and a found footage video, allowing the viewer to be physically present in the otherwise virtual realm of his work. Scanning the room and zooming in on the details it becomes clear that Val Gesto's over-anxious virtual universe entails its own negation: we can read feel good quotes like "Wii are one" and "stay positive" on the works and the walls, a relaxing found footage video of a rainy rain forest plays in the background.
-
Yannick Val Gesto (Belgium, 1987) studied graphic design and visual arts at St Lucas Academy in Antwerp. He lives and works in Antwerp. Booming is Val Gesto's first solo exhibition in the Netherlands.
Previously exhibitions include: Soul Hackers - with Kate Steciw, Lvey Delval, Brussels (2015); Close Both Eyes To See, Obsolete Studio, Brussels (solo, 2015); Don't look a gift horse in the mouth, The Stable, Waregem (2015); V.I.P., Hole of The Fox, Antwerp (2014); Soft Intensities, Gloria Knight Gallery, Auckland (2014); The New Beauty of Our Modern Life, Higher Pictures, New York (2014); Bad Gateway, Elaine Levy Project, Brussels (2013)
-
displayed works:
believe
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
50 x 70 cm
-
wii are one
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
120 x 70 cm
eternal
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
120 x 70 cm
yogimii
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
120 x 70 cm
lil sprout
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
120 x 70 cm
-
Wilderness Rainshower
2015
excerpt from Wilderness Rainshower 11 Hours -Sounds of Nature 27 of 59 - Pure Nature Sounds
168 minutes
Courtesy of Gaia & Soft Music & Yoga ~ YogaYak
-
The Poem for Everyone's Souls
2015
mural, acrylic paint
variable dimensions
-
Special thanks to Pieter, Rachel, Shana, Werner, Martine, Benny, Saskia, Elaine, Florent, Alexandra and Leon.
Yannick Val Gesto – Booming
28 november 2015 – 9 january 2016
CINNNAMON, Rotterdam
Opening: Nov 28, 5-8pm
'Deliberately naive' is also a phrase that is applicable to the work of Yannick Val Gesto. His work is an expression of a fast paced world of cyber culture and internet memes, but his prints also give away a longing for in-the-worldness that parallels Rachel de Joode's.
Delving into a wealth of images to be found on the web, Val Gesto cleverly cuts and pastes his source material into intricate works that have a surprisingly painterly quality. Drawing from online subcultures to be found in gaming, manga forums, etc, Val Gesto is specifically intrigued by the amateur aesthetics of 'fan art' that people put online. Val Gesto appropriates and reworks this footage into complex, layered images. Lines, patterns and scribbles are added, seemingly at random and deliberately clumsy, but for the trained eye it is clear that these works are minutely composed and genuinely skillful.
For this exhibition at CINNNAMON Val Gesto has created and installation with mural drawings, prints, and a found footage video, allowing the viewer to be physically present in the otherwise virtual realm of his work. Scanning the room and zooming in on the details it becomes clear that Val Gesto's over-anxious virtual universe entails its own negation: we can read feel good quotes like "Wii are one" and "stay positive" on the works and the walls, a relaxing found footage video of a rainy rain forest plays in the background.
-
Yannick Val Gesto (Belgium, 1987) studied graphic design and visual arts at St Lucas Academy in Antwerp. He lives and works in Antwerp. Booming is Val Gesto's first solo exhibition in the Netherlands.
Previously exhibitions include: Soul Hackers - with Kate Steciw, Lvey Delval, Brussels (2015); Close Both Eyes To See, Obsolete Studio, Brussels (solo, 2015); Don't look a gift horse in the mouth, The Stable, Waregem (2015); V.I.P., Hole of The Fox, Antwerp (2014); Soft Intensities, Gloria Knight Gallery, Auckland (2014); The New Beauty of Our Modern Life, Higher Pictures, New York (2014); Bad Gateway, Elaine Levy Project, Brussels (2013)
-
displayed works:
believe
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
50 x 70 cm
-
wii are one
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
120 x 70 cm
eternal
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
120 x 70 cm
yogimii
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
120 x 70 cm
lil sprout
2015
inkjet print on gatorfoam, matte finish, aluminum
120 x 70 cm
-
Wilderness Rainshower
2015
excerpt from Wilderness Rainshower 11 Hours -Sounds of Nature 27 of 59 - Pure Nature Sounds
168 minutes
Courtesy of Gaia & Soft Music & Yoga ~ YogaYak
-
The Poem for Everyone's Souls
2015
mural, acrylic paint
variable dimensions
-
Special thanks to Pieter, Rachel, Shana, Werner, Martine, Benny, Saskia, Elaine, Florent, Alexandra and Leon.
The Inca Trail is a magnificent, well preserved Inca Trail route which connects Machu Picchu with what once were other regions of the Inca Empire, and today it is one of the world’s most popular treks. This four-day walk goes from the highlands of 4,200mts and down through the cloud forests to finally arrive at Machu Picchu - 2,380mts.
DAY 01. - Between 06:00 and 06:30 we pick you up at your hotel in our private bus. Ensure you have your original passport and ISIC student card (if applicable – for a discount on entree fee to Machu Picchu).
The journey by bus to km 82 (the starting point for the Inca Trail) takes approximately 3 hours. Once we get there and are all ready to go, this first day will have us walking mostly through the valley. It starts at 2380m with a small climb to a plateau overlooking the Incan site of Llactapata and rewards you with superb views of Mount Veronica. Walking times are always approximate depending on weather conditions, group ability and other factors, but generally you will walk about 2-3 hours before lunch. Then after lunch we walk on just past the village of Wayllabamba to reach our first campsite at 3000m.
Approx 14km, 6 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 02. - Day 2 is the most difficult day as you Inca Trail walk from about 3000m to 4200m — the highest pass of the trek (known as Dead Woman’s Pass – but don’t be discouraged!). You can walk at your own pace and stop to get your breath whenever you like. You’ll find your energy returns once you continue down to the valley of Pacaymayo, where we camp at 3600m.
You can hire a porter from the village of Wayllabamba to carry your pack to the top of this pass for approximately 70 soles. If you wish to do so you must organize and pay this money directly to the person who carries your items, and please check your belongings upon receiving them at the end of this service as these people are not Sap Adventures staff.
This is the coldest night at Inca Trail; between +2/+4 degrees Celsius (in December) and -3/-5 degrees Celsius (in June). Approx 12km, 7 hours walking this day at Inca Trail.
DAY 03.- Day 3 is exceptionally beautiful because of the ruins you will witness and the incredible stone Inca Trail you walk one, and also because there is a lot more downhill than uphill! However, there are about 2000 stairs descending from the ruins of Phuyupatamarca to those of Wiñaywayna, so take care with your knees. If you have had knee or ankle injuries an extra porter is recommended so that you are not carrying extra weight and overstressing your joints. There is a guided tour of all the ruins on the way. Camping is usually at Wiñaywayna 2700 mtrs.
Take extra care of your personal belongings at this campsite as all the tours campsites are nearby. As usual, always keep your daypack containing your valuables with you. The only hot shower on the Inca Trail is on this third night at Wiñaywayna. There is a hostel near the campsite with an 8min hot shower for 5 soles, and a bar and restaurant where you can purchase bottled water.
Approx 16km, 6 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
DAY 04.- We get up extremely early to arrive at the magical Intipunku "The Gate of the Sun" as the first rays begin illuminating the lost city of Machu Picchu down bellow. A further 20 min walk down from here takes us to the famous view from the terraces at the end of the trail. It is a good time to take pictures before the 10:30 crowds arrive. Your tour of Machu Picchu should last about 2 hours and finish between 10:30 and 11:00am. Then you have free time to climb Huayna Picchu if you wish (This is the famous peak in the background of most images of Machu Picchu. The trek is about 90 minutes). A maximum of 400 hikers can climb this mountain per day so if you are determined then start immediately after your tour! Or, of course, you may simply just collapse under a tree and quietly reflect in amazement at the mystery, the architectural achievement and beauty of Machu Picchu.
From Machu Picchu, it is a pleasant walk through sub-tropical jungle down to Aguas Calientes (about 45 mins), but if you are weary you may also take a bus – the $7 bus ticket is included and your guide will give you the ticket.
Once in Aguas Calientes you can have a hot shower, and then store your backpack while you go to have lunch, visit the hot springs or shop around the village.
If you are not extending your stay for one night in Aguas Calientes*, you will leave around 6pm to return to Cusco by train or by a combination of train & bus. Please note that during the high season there are a number of different departure times for the trains that run only to Ollantaytambo, from where buses run onwards till Cusco. The type of return journey depends simply on availability. You will arrive back in Cusco around 9 - 9.30pm.
Approx 7km, 2 hours walking this day on Inca Trail.
Heatersare typically mounted along the perimeter of the space when applicable. Door areas are stacked with extra units, or tube heater burner boxes are located by doors to provide extra heat. Care is taken to avoid violating the published clearances to combustibles with doors in the open position and/or lifts (with cars on them) in the up position. Common applications also utilize tubes located between lift rows (center of the building) or along side a wall with the heat shined inward. Outside combustion air is highly recommended. Lastly, do not place any heater inside of a paint booth
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