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Roman, Imperial period, 1st or 2nd century A.D.
Copy of Greek statue of the 3rd or 2nd century B.C.
The goddess of love is shown as though surprised at her bath. Originally, her arms reached forward to shield her breasts and pubis in a gesture that both concealed and accentuated her sexuality.
Statues of Aphrodite in the nude proliferated during the Hellenistic period. All were inspired to some degree by the Aphrodite of Knidos (Cnidus), created in the fourth century B.C. by the famous Attic sculptor Praxiteles. That statue, the first major Greek work to show the goddess without clothing, was celebrated throughout antiquity as one of the seven wonders of the world. This particular work has the same gesture of modesty as the Knidia and is very similar to another Roman copy, the so called Medici Venus, which has stood in the Tribuna of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence since 1688. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it was considered one of the finest ancient works in existence.
Metropolitan Museum of Art
NYC
Bancadas do teatro romano de Mérida, um dos mais importantes vestígios da antiga Emerita Augusta, fundado em 16 a.C. Sob o comando do imperador Augusto, este espaço podia acomodar até 6.000 espectadores e era palco de grandes produções teatrais. Hoje, o teatro mantém-se como um ícone da história romana na Península Ibérica e ainda é utilizado para eventos culturais.
REGIONE LAZIO
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Aureus 37-38, 7.73 g. C CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR POT Bare head of Gaius r. Rev. DIVVS AVG PATER PATRIAE Radiate head of Augustus r. RIC 15. BMC 16. C 1. CBN 19. Vagi 310. Calicó 332 (this coin).
Few of Rome’s emperors enjoy as foul a reputation as Gaius, who is generally known by the nickname Caligula, meaning ‘bootikin’ or ‘little boots’, which he received from his father’s soldiers while he was still an amiable child. He grew to despise the nickname almost as much as everyone grew to despise him. There is little need to revisit the list of his debaucheries, incests and acts of depravity – we need only note that his behaviour was a special blend of intellect and insanity, and that he has few peers beyond Nero, Commodus and Elagabalus. On the bright side, Caligula was dutiful when it came to his well-produced coinage. Caligula honoured his great-grandfather Augustus, very likely Tiberius, his murdered parents, Germanicus and Agrippina Senior, and his murdered brothers, Nero Caesar and Drusus Caesar. Among the living he honoured his three sisters – in whom he had more than a casual interest – and, on provincial coinage, his final wife Caesonia and their daughter Drusilla Minor, both of whom were murdered within an hour of Caligula.
… daughter of Trajan’s elder sister Marciana and wife of his adopted son Hadrien (who’s granny Ulpia was the younger sister of Trajan’s own dad - interesting family tree :-).
She was the arch Roman aristo, and acting with Trajan’s own wife Plotina, instrumental in making Hadrien Trajan’s heir.
Watch it properly @ Gallery Minimal!
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REGIONE LAZIO
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REGIONE LAZIO
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Octavian was bestowed the title of Augustus by the sanate of Rome.
Augustus was the first Emperor of Rome. He ruled from 27 BC until 14 AD. He was responsible for establishing the "Pax Romana" which was a period of peace and
stability within the Empire lasting until 180 AD.
"Octavian"
27 years before Jesus Christ was born, the Senate of Rome bestowed upon Octavian the title Augustus. Augustus became the first "Emperor", which comes from the military title imperator. In actuality he became no more than first senator, but he skillfully combined within himself all the powers of consul, tribune, and other offices, and he really had no rival.
Augustus was also shrewd in that he directly controlled the strongest military provinces. He was smart enough to avoid Julius Caesar's mistake which was to oppose the senators. Augustus brought a great Roman peace (Pox Romana) which extended all the way to the Danube River and the Black Sea.
Augustus was clearly the greatest Emperor in all of Roman history, and the title "Father of his country" was well-deserved. He made many wise and clear decisions throughout the provinces, boasting that he had transformed Rome "from a city of brick into a city of marble."
Augustus was very religious, as celebrated in the famous Altar of Peace in the city of Rome. He restored as many as 80 temples, he attempted to regulate morals, and he even banished his own daughter Julia for her immorality. He encouraged marriage and childbearing and he even used legislation to do so. In fact according to his census records the number of Roman citizens grew from 4,000,000 in eight BC to 5,000,000 in 14 A.D.
It was during a time of great peace in the reign of Augustus that Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem. He would have been born in Nazareth, the home of his parents Joseph and Mary, had it not been for the census ordered by Augustus, requiring all adults to register at their ancestral home towns.
www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/people/augu...
In front of the Pantheon, Rome at 5 o'clock in the morning. No crowds, no hustle and bustle… just quietness there.
*****
EXPLOREd, Aug. 15, 2013
(#31, as of Apr. 23, 2016)
And I'm taking one of them. This Roman Road in Ostia Antica still shows the marvelous engineering from nearly 2000 years ago. I'll try posting from there, otherwise be back on flickr soon!
REGIONE LAZIO
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Marcus Valerius Longinus Britannicus Optio ad spem ordinis LEGXI CPF - VI COH - I MAN - I CENT
EPIGRAFE:
D(IS) M(ANIBVS) /
M(ARCVS) VAL(ERIVS) LONGINVS BRIT(ANNICVS)/
OPTIO LEG(IONIS) XI CLAVDIAE /
ANNORVM XXXX QUI /
MILITAVIT ANN(OS) XIIII ET /
OPTIO ANN(OS) VI POSVIT /
TITVLVM DE SVO ASTAN/TE
TRADUZIONE
Agli dei dell’oltretomba, M. Valerio Longino Britannico /
optio della legio XI Claudia /
40 anni di età che /
servì per 14 anni e /
per 6 anni come optio pose /
questa stele a sue spese.
LA SUA STORIA
Britannicus era nato in Britannia durante l’imperium di Augustus nel 2 A.D. ( 755 Ab Vrbe Condita).
I genitori erano Lucia Valeria da cui sceglierà il nomen, proveniente dalla corte reale della tribù dei Catuvellauni (prima tribù britannica affrontata da Cesare nell’invasione del 54 AC) e Gaius Antonius Longinus (da cui prenderà il cognomen).
Longius trascorse la sua infanzia presso CASTRA VETERA, odierna Xanten, nella Germania Inferiore, proprio a ridosso del temutissimo confine renano dove era ubicata la Legio V Aulaudae e dove il padre prestava servizio come Centurio della I Cohors.
La Legione prese possesso del Castrum nel A.D. 9 (756 Ab Vrbe Condita) dopo che nella foresta di Teutoburgo la Legio XVIII che la occupava fu annientata insieme alla XVII e la XIX, scontro che vide morire più di 20 mila uomini agli ordini del Governatore P. Quinctilius Varus.
Furono anni duri in cui Britannicus, respirò sempre l’aria del castrum, avendo modo sin da piccolo di conoscere la dura vita e la disciplina che erano richieste ai soldati di Roma, in una terra di confine, inospitale e non ancora pacificata.
All’età di 20 anni giurò fedeltà all’imperatore Tiberius nella cerimonia del Sacramentum ed entrò tra i milites della Legio XI, gloriosa legione arruolata da Julius Caesar nel 58 A.C. (695 Ab Vrbe Condita) per le campagne di Gallia.
Per sua scelta Britannicus voleva allontanarsi dalla terra dove aveva trascorso l’adolescenza per servire Roma in territori più lontani e finì quindi in Dalmazia, a BURNUM (odierna Kistanje in Croazia), dove la sua Legione era dislocata con la sua gemella, la VII.
Britannicus servì nelle Coorti meno esperte fino a raggiungere la VI, dove divenne decanus del suo contubernium e dopo soli due anni fu scelto dal centurione, M. Licinius Crassus, Pilus Prior e comandante della Coorte, come suo vice nel comando della I Centuria del I Manipolo, diventando quindi OPTIO AD SPEM ORDINIS, e ricevendo perciò la paga doppia (duplicarius).
Durante i sei anni in cui militò nella centuria come Optio ricevette la massima onorificenza per un legionario, la CORONA CIVICA, per aver salvato la vita a tre contubernales durante un’imboscata subita dalla sua Coorte in marcia verso il castrum tra la foreste della Pannonia ad opera della tribù dei Breuci.
Nell’A.D. 42 (795 Ab Vrbe Condita) dopo che l’anno prima, Claudius era succeduto nel Principato a suo nipote Caligula, quando il governatore della Dalmazia, Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus si rivoltò, i Legionari della XI e della VII a causa di un evento ritenuto non propizio (l'impossibilità di adornare le loro aquile) rimasero fedeli all’Imperotore Claudius, e spensero la rivolta in soli cinque giorni, uccidendo Scribonianus. Claudius quindi premiò così le due leali legioni concedendo loro il titolo CLAUDIA PIA FIDELIS ("pia e fedele a Claudio").
Britannicus perse la vita proprio negli scontri avvenuti durante questa vicenda, colpito a morte dalla guardia del governatore durante la sua cattura, non riuscendo mai a coronare il suo sogno di diventare centurione come lo fu suo padre, cosa che sarebbe avvenuta di lì a poco.
(Il contenuto della storia pur con connessioni ad eventi realmente avvenuti è di pura fantasia)
M.V.L.B.
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Anfiteatro romano de El Djem, Túnez, construido en 283 d.c. (siglo III) por por el procónsul Gordiano, bajo el reinado del emperador Maximino el Tracio, en la antigua ciudad de Thysdrus, ubicada en la entonces provincia romana de Africa Proconsularis.
REGIONE LAZIO
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The Piscina Mirabilis, built under Augustus (27 BC - 14 AD).
It's the biggest known cistern built by ancient Romans with huge proportions, entirely dug out of the tuff hill with the following dimensions: 15 metres high, 70 metres long and 25 metres wide.
Bacoli, Italy.
© Roberto Conte (2021)
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SANTA SEDE (HOLY SEE)
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SANTA SEDE (HOLY SEE)
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