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A person trained in human osteology would notice several skeletal features of interest in this individual.
For example, the epiphysis on the distal end of the right humerus has not yet fused. In males, fusion takes place at between 15 and 18 years of age. That means our Halloween skeleton is a teen, which is about right.
Also, the 5 metacarpals in his right hand have fused together, a condition that could only occur through chronic overuse of that appendage.
His scapulae are so small as to scarcely provide any support to his shoulders. This is consistent with the slump-shouldered posture of a teen boy who spends too much time on his mobile device.
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In 2020 a severe rainstorm totaled a building that housed a popular restaurant on the strip at the tourist town of Long Beach, Washington.
After standing vacant for the remainder of 2020, the building finally showed signs of life last year.
Yesterday we noticed this seasonal art on the ground-floor windows. If the quality of the restaurant is as high as the designs, Long Beach can look forward to the opening of another good dining spot.
TrackSTAR Track Strength Testing Analysis and Recording hy-rail highway / railway inspection vehicle. Note the railroad horns.
This photo was taken when I worked at OCR's Walkley train yard.
Dendroolithus sp. - fossil dinosaur egg from the Cretaceous of China.
Biogenic products are objects produced by ancient organisms. Many paleontologists refer to these as trace fossils, but they really aren't. Examples of fossil biogenic products include eggs, amber (fossilized tree sap), coprolites (fossilized feces), and spider silk. Eggs were originally small, living cells, but the hard eggshells are mineralized - the material was never alive, and thus are biogenic products.
The most impressive fossil eggs are those of dinosaurs. Dinosaur nests having eggs in their original position are known from several localities. Sometimes, x-ray analysis or cat-scan analysis shows the presence of dinosaur embryos inside intact eggs. An embryo would be a body fossil, but the surrounding eggshell material is a biogenic product.
Fossil eggs can be given scientific names. In this case, the specimen belong to the oogenus Dendroolithus. The specific identity of the eggmaker is uncertain.
Classification: Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Reptilia, Dinosauria
Stratigraphy: Majiacun Formation, Santonian Stage, middle Upper Cretaceous
Locality: unrecorded / undisclosed site in the Xixia Basin, Henan Province, China
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Info. at:
[Stenosis Herbst 1799: 125 (IT: 8) spp]
Tenebrioninæ are traditionally divided in some 20-30 tbb. The exact delimitation and validity of several of these is unclear. Molecular phylogenetic studies have yielded inconsistent results, perhaps due to hybridization, horizontal gene transfer by Wolbachia bacteria, and insufficient taxon sampling obfuscating the information contained in DNA sequence data.
Most of Tenebrionidæ living in urban Rome are not rare and the urban area is an important hold for few species of conservation concern. This suggests that contrary to current practice, insect conservation programmes in an urban area should be more addressed to single species action plans than protection of as many areas as possible.
REFERENCES
S.Q. Zhang & Y. al. 2018: Coleoptera evolutionary history.
D.M. Linz & Y. Tomoyasu 2018: Origin of insect wings.
M.L. Yuan & Y. al. 2016: Coleoptera phylogeny.
W. Shyy & al. 2016: Insect-scale flapping-wing flight.
N.L. Gunter & al. 2014: Tenebrionoidea phylogeny.
... the decorator, teacher and psychologist inside me joined their forces and wrote a post analysing the beautiful style of the pictures seen above, all derived from the Ikea Family Live frlickr group
Thank you to Isis, Ana and Desiree for their contribution.
More.....actually much more here....you'll need a cup of tea in hand my dears ; )
As a final slide in my Flickr stats analysis, here are the things that I have found that drive high view counts:
Explore can drive really high counts, especially getting in the top 10.
The Flickr Blog galleries also get tons of views. I like getting in these galleries because there is a person curating the gallery. And the images follow a theme. I think these Flickr blog galleries are my favorite feature for browsing new photos. I also often post my photos in the comments section of galleries when I like the theme.
Search terms can drive views, but the only one that has gotten a really high count is World War II.
Finally, being used to illustrate blogs is always fun. I use the Common Attribution license and that makes it easy for blogs and news sites to use my photos. I have found some really interesting blogs by seeing them in my stats referral section. My most popular blog photo is the Drone and Moon photo. Drones with cameras have been very topical over the last year. Also my photo of the Crooked House on the beach gets used in environmental blogs. There have been others used along the way too.
I hope you enjoyed my Flickr analysis. This is the last of the PowerPoint slides, at least until next time. Back to the fun stuff.
Marines assigned to Fox Company, 2nd Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment, Regimental Combat Team 7, ground guide their vehicles on the way to provide security for an improvised explosive device (IED) post blast analysis near Forward Operating Base Now Zad, Helmand province, Afghanistan, Nov. 25, 2012. The Marines provided explosive ordnance disposal assets to assist an Afghan National Army unit whose truck struck an IED that resulted in several casualties.
(U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Alejandro Pena)
Leica M6 TTL
Leica Summicron 35mm f/2 IV "King of Bokeh"
Fuji Neopan 400
Microphen 1+0
7.5 min 20°C
Scan from negative film
Newsweek: Obama better represents Catholics than does the Pope
WSJ: Unemployment Up from 4.8% to currently 9.5% (20% in MI) and expected to rise
Obama flies pizza chef to Washington, DC from St. Louis to cater a party for him and his pals at White House.
Obama: "We are out of money"
Obama: "Its Working"
Facts: Government has nationalized AIG, Chrysler, GM, Citibank and has its eyes set on Health Care
This administration and congress has already outspent all previous 43 presidents combined
"Stimulus" is spent on bailing out failed social experiments and entitlement sinkholes by state governments controlled by "progressives"
House passes largest Tax Increase in the History of America - they aim to tax the air we breathe
Charitable donation levels and business investments down as tax levels increase
Obamas plan vacation at Martha's Vineyard
Obama promised unemployment would not exceed 8% - now its 9.5% and rising
Obama said it was mandatory that the 10 to 20 trillion dollar (with debt servicing) "stimulus" was passed right away or we are doomed - it was voted on and passed without those voting in the affirmative for it even reading it.
Once passed, the vast majority of the "stimulus" spending is deferred to 2010 which coincidentally is an election year for the politicians who voted for passage. An inference is that the only crisis was the socialists getting reelected after their policy of fascism failed to turn around the economy. A study of history will reveal their concern - no fascist/socialist enterprise has been successful at improving the quality of life for its citizens at any time in human history. No civilization has successfully taxed and spent its way out of a recession in the history of humanity.
Those who hold America's debt are frantically calling for a "world currency", knowing full well, that the certain forthcoming hyperinflation in America will significantly devalue the US Dollar and their investments will then be worth pennies on the dollar.
Now, Obama says that health care must be nationalized right away or we are doomed.
Now, Obama says that Sotomayor must be confirmed right away or we are doomed.
Now, Obama says that Cap and Trade (destroy and nationalize the energy sector) bill must be passed right away or we are doomed.
Now, Obama says that trillions of dollars of new taxes must be passed right away or we are doomed. These new taxes are on top of the trillions of dollars in new taxes that were already included in his "stimulus" bill and budget.
Is there a pattern? Does "we" refer to his constituents or perhaps himself and his political cronies?
No civilization has reversed a downward unemployment spiral by shrinking its private sector and growing its government bureaucracy.
The countries who have tried the fascist/socialist experiment are now moving back to more capitialistic free market policies - why? because shrinking their private sector and burdening it with increased government confiscatory/redistribution policies created misery in the form of unemployment, loss of individual freedom, lower quality of life and medical care rationing, shortages and misery.
Biden: We have to keep spending money to keep from going bankrupt.
Obama: We must pass nationalized health care so we can reduce costs. (We must do it now or we are doomed)
CBO Chief: Health Bills To Increase Federal Costs
White House wants more power to set Medicare rates
wiki.answers.com/Q/Name_and_explain_two_effects_of_price_...
When thinking about price controls, think of the supply and demand curves and remember that with a price control, it is impossible for a price to get into equilibrium. With that in mind, we can identify two problems that result from this.
1. A shortage/oversupply of the good. If there is a price ceiling, you have a shortage (a la gasoline during the price controls of the 70's.) If there is a floor, you have overproduction (a la ethanol. Which, granted, is subsidized, but that is effectively like a price floor). *Note* also consider the housing markets where rent control is present.
2. An inefficient allocation of resources. With ethanol being subsidized, we witnessed a massive increase in the price of corn. The market did not want this, and thus we saw an inefficient allocation of resources.
Should National Health Care pass in this country, I will not know where or when I will die, but I will know how - substandard medical care, denial of care, lack of r&d due to price controls and rationing emposed by the government - all based on decisions by bureaucrats, actuaries, accountants and political appointees who I do not know and who do not know me or my specific needs or wishes ... and more importantly do not care ... they care only about passing the next government audit cycle for cost control.
PLEASE STOP THIS TYRANNY
Analysis of Health Care Bill HR 3200 Print E-mail
Thursday, 06 August 2009 20:28
Below is a detailed, line by line, analysis of the Health Care bill (HR 3200) by CADC’s advisory board member, Mat Staver of the Liberty Council, and Dean of Liberty University School of Law.
Obama Health Care Plan Details
HR 3200 currently under consideration in the House of Representatives
*HC = "Health Care"
* Pg 22 of the HC Bill MANDATES the Government will audit the books of ALL EMPLOYERS that self insure!!
* Pg 29 lines 4-16 in the HC Bill - YOUR HEALTH CARE IS RATIONED!!!
* Pg 30 Sec 123 of HC Bill - THERE WILL BE A GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE that decides what treatments/benefits you get
* Pg 42 of HC Bill - The Health Choices Commissioner will choose your benefits for you. You have no choice!
* Pg 50 Section 152 in HC Bill - HC will be provided to ALL non-U.S. citizens, illegal or otherwise
* Pg 58 HC Bill – Government will have real-time access to individual’s finances and a National ID Health Care Card will be issued!
* Pg 59 HC Bill lines 21-24 Government will have direct access to your banks accounts for electronic funds transfer.
* Pg 65 Sec 164 is a payoff subsidized plan for retirees and their families in unions and community organizations (ACORN).
* Pg 72 Lines 8-14 Government is creating a Health Care Exchange to bring private health care plans under government control.
* Pg 84 Sec 203 HC Bill - Government mandates ALL benefit packages for private health care plans in the Exchange
* Pg 85 Line 7 HC Bill - Specs for of Benefit Levels for Plans = The government will ration your health care!
* Pg 91 Lines 4-7 HC Bill - Government mandates linguistic appropriate services.
* Pg 95 HC Bill Lines 8-18 The government will use groups i.e., ACORN & AmeriCorps to sign up individuals for government Health Care Plan
* Pg 85 Line 7 HC Bill - Specs of Ben Levels 4 Plans. #AARP members - Your health care WILL be rationed
* Pg 102 Lines 12-18 HC Bill - Medicaid Eligible Individual will be automatically enrolled in Medicaid. No choice.
* Pg 124 lines 24-25 HC No company can sue the government on price fixing. No "judicial review" against this government monopoly.
* Pg 127 Lines 1-16 HC Bill - Doctors/ #AMA - The government will tell YOU what you can make.
* Pg 145 Line 15-17 An employer MUST auto enroll employees into public option plan. NO CHOICE
* Pg 126 Lines 22-25 Employers MUST pay for health care for part-time employees AND their families.
* Pg 149 Lines 16-24 ANY Employer w/ payroll 400k and above who does not prov. pub opt. pays 8% tax on all payroll
* Pg 150 Lines 9-13 Businesses with payroll between 251k and 400k who do not provide public opt pays 2-6% tax on all payroll
* Pg 167 Lines 18-23 ANY individual who doesn’t have acceptable health care according to government will be taxed 2.5% of income.
* Pg 170 Lines 1-3 Any NONRESIDENT Alien is exempt from individual taxes (Americans will pay).
* Pg 195 Officers & employees of HC Administration (GOVT) will have access to ALL Americans' financial and personal records.
* Pg 203 Line 14-15 HC - "The tax imposed under this section shall not be treated as tax." Yes, it says that.
* Pg 239 Line 14-24 HC Bill Government will reduce physician services for Medicaid. Seniors, low income, poor affected.
* Pg 241 Line 6-8 HC Bill - Doctors, it does not matter what specialty you have, you’ll all be paid the same.
* Pg 253 Line 10-18 Government sets value of doctors' time, prof judg, etc. Literally value of humans.
* Pg 265 Sec 1131Government mandates and controls productivity for private health care industries.
* Pg 268 Sec 1141 Federal Government regulates rental and purchase of power-driven wheelchairs.
* Pg 272 SEC. 1145. Treatment of certain cancer hospitals – Cancer patients - welcome to rationing!
* Page 280 Sec 1151 The government will penalize hospitals for what government deems preventable readmissions. (Incentives for hospital to not treat and release.)
* Pg 298 Lines 9-11 Doctors that treat a patient during initial admission that results in a readmission-Government will penalize you.
* Pg 317 L 13-20 PROHIBITION on ownership/investment. Government tells Doctors what/how much they can own.
* Pg 317-318 lines 21-25, 1-3 PROHIBITION on expansion- Government is mandating hospitals cannot expand.
* pg 321 2-13 Hospitals have opportunity to apply for exception, BUT community input required. Can you say ACORN?!!
* Pg335 L 16-25 Pg 336-339 - Government mandates establishment of outcome based measures. Health Care the way they want. Rationing.
* Pg 341 Lines 3-9 Government has authority to disqualify Medicare Advantage Plans (Part B), HMOs, etc. Forcing people into Government plan.
* Pg 354 Sec 1177 - Government will RESTRICT enrollment of special needs people!
* Pg 379 Sec 1191 Government creates more bureaucracy – Tele-health Advisory Committee. Health care by phone/Internet?
* Pg 425 Lines 4-12 Government mandates Advance [Death] Care Planning Consultion. Think Senior Citizens end of life.
* Pg 425 Lines 17-19 Government will instruct and consult regarding living wills, durable powers of attorney. Mandatory!
* Pg 425 Lines 22-25, 426 Lines 1-3 Government provides approved list of end of life resources, guiding you in death.
* Pg 427 Lines 15-24 Government mandates program for orders for end of life. The government has a say in how your life ends.
* Pg 429 Lines 1-9 An "advanced care planning consult" will be used frequently as patient's health deteriorates.
* Pg 429 Lines 10-12 " advanced care consultation" may include an ORDER for end of life plans. AN ORDER from Government.
* Pg 429 Lines 13-25 - The government will specify which doctors can write an end of life order.
* PG 430 Lines 11-15 The government will decide what level of treatment you will have at end of life.
* Pg 469 - Community Based Home Medical Services=Non-profit orgs. Hello, ACORN Medical Services here!!?
* Pg 472 Lines 14-17 PAYMENT TO COMMUNITY-BASED ORG. 1 monthly payment to a community-based org. Like ACORN?
* Pg 489 Sec 1308 The government will cover Marriage and Family therapy. They will insert government into your marriage.
* Pg 494-498 Government will cover Mental Health Services including defining, creating, rationing those services.
* PG 502 Sec 1181 Center for Comparative Effectiveness Research Established. – Hello Big Brother – Literally.
* Pg 503 Lines 13-19 Government will build registries and data networks from YOUR electronic medical records.
* Pg 503 lines 21-25 Government may secure data directly from any department or agency of the U.S. who have any of your data.
* Pg 504 Lines 6-10 The "Center" will collect data both published and unpublished (that means public and your private info).
* PG 506 Lines 19-21 The Center will recommend policies that would allow for public access of data.
* PG 518 Lines 21-25 The Commission will have input from Health Care consumer reps – Can you say unions and ACORN?
* PG 524 18-22 Comparative Effectiveness Research Trust Fund set up. More taxes for ALL.
* PG 621 Lines 20-25 Government will define what quality means in health care. Since when does government know about quality?
* Pg 622 Lines 2-9 To pay for the Quality Standards, government will transfer money from other government Trust Funds. More Taxes.
* PG 624 "Quality" measures shall be designed to assess outcomes and functional status of patients.
* PG 624 "Quality" measures shall be designed to profile you including race, age, gender, place of residence, etc.
* Pg 628 Sec 1443 Government will give "Multi-Stake Holders" Pre-Rule Making input into Selection of "Quality" Measures.
* Pg 630 9-24/631 1-9 Those multi-stake holder groups include unions and groups like ACORN deciding health care quality.
* Pg 632 Lines 14-25 The Government may implement any "Quality measure" of health care services as they see fit.
* PG 633 14-25/ 634 1-9 The Secretary may issue non-endorsed "Quality Measures" for Physician Services and Dialysis Services.
* Pg 635 to 653 Physicians Payments Sunshine Provision – Government wants to shine sunlight on doctor but not government.
* Pg 654-659 Public Reporting on Health Care-Associated Infections – Looks okay.
* PG 660-671 Doctors in Residency – Government will tell you where your residency will be, thus where you’ll live.
* Pg 676-686 Government will regulate hospitals in EVERY aspect of residency programs, including teaching hospitals.
* Pg 686-700 Increased Funding to Fight Waste, Fraud, and Abuse. Do they mean like the government with an $18 million website?
* PGs 701-704 Sec 1619 If your part of health care plan isn’t in Government Health Care Exchange but you qualify for Federal aid, no payment.
* PG 705-709 SEC. 1128 If Secretary gets complaints (ACORN) on health care provider or supplier, government can do background check.
* PG 711 Lines 8-14 The Secretary has broad powers to deny health care providers/ suppliers admittance into Health Care Exchange. Your doctor could be thrown out of business.
* Pg 719-720 Sec 1637 ANY Doctor who orders durable medical equipment or home medical services MUST be enrolled in Medicare.
* PG 722 Sec 1639 Government MANDATES doctors must have face-to-face with patient to certify patient for Home Health Services.
* PG 724 23-25 PG 725 1-5 The same government certifications will apply to Medicaid and CHIP (your kids).
* PG 724 Lines 16-22 Government reserves right to apply face-to-face certification for patient to ANY other health care service.
* Pg 735 lines 16-25 For law enforcement, proposes the Secretary-HHS will give Attorney General access to ALL data.
* PG 740-757 Government sets guidelines for subsidizing the uninsured (That's your tax dollars people).
* Pg 757-762 Federal Government will shift burden of payments to Disproportionate Share Hospitals (DSH) to States. (Taxes)
* Pg 763 1-8 No DS/EA hospitals will be paid unless they provide services without regard to national origin.
* Pg 765 Sec 1711 Government will require Preventative Services including vaccines. (Choice?)
* Pg 768 Sec 1713 Government – Nurse Home Visitation Services (Hello union paybacks).
* Pg 769 11-14 Nurse Home Visit Services include economic self-sufficiency, employ adv, school-readiness.
* Pg 769 3-5 Nurse Home Visit Services - "increasing birth intervals between pregnancies." Government ABORTIONS anyone?
* Pg 770 SEC 1714 Federal Government mandates eligibility for State Family Planning Services. Abortion and State Sovereignty.
* Pg 789-797 Government will set, mandate drug prices, controlling which drugs brought to market. Bye innovation.
* Pgs 797-800 SEC. 1744 PAYMENTS for graduate medical education. The government will now control doctors’ educations.
* PG 801 Sec 1751 The government will decide which health care conditions will be paid. Can you say RATION!
* Pg 810 SEC. 1759. Billing Agents, clearinghouses, etc. req. to register. Government takes over private payment system.
* Pg 820-824 Sec 1801 Government will identify individuals ineligible for subsidies. Will access all personal financial information.
* Pg 824-829 SEC. 1802. Government sets up Comparative Effectiveness Research Trust Fund. Another tax black hole.
* PG 829-833 Government will impose a fee on ALL private health insurance plans including self-insured to pay for Trust Fund!
* PG 835 11-13 fees imposed by government for Trust Fund shall be treated as if they were taxes.
* Pg 838-840 Government will design and implement Home Visitation Program for families with young kids and families expecting kids.
* PG 844-845 This Home Visitation Program includes government coming into your house and telling you how to parent!!!
* Pg 859 Government will establish a Public Health Fund at a cost of $88,800,000,000. Yes that’s billion.
* Pg 865 The government will MANDATE the establishment of a National Health Service Corps.
* PG 865 to 876 The NHS Corps is a program where doctors perform mandatory health care for two years for part loan repayment.
* PG 876-892 The government takes over the education of our medical students and doctors.
* PG 898 The government will establish a Public Health Workforce Corps to ensure supply of public health prof.
* PG 898 The Public Health Workforce Corps shall consist of civilian employees of the U.S. as Secretary deems.
* PG 898 The Public Health Workforce Corps shall consist of officers of Regular and Reserve Corps of Service.
* PG 900 The Public Health Workforce Corps includes veterinarians.
* PG 901 The Public Health Workforce Corps WILL include commissioned Regular and Reserve Officers. HC Draft?
* PG 910 The government will develop, build, and run Public Health Training Centers.
* PG 913-914 Government starts a health care affirmative action program thru guise of diversity scholarships.
* PG 915 SEC. 2251. Government MANDDATES Cultural and linguistic competency training for health care professionals.
* Pg 932 The Government will establish Preventative and Wellness Trust fund- initial cost of $30,800,000,000 billion.
* PG 935 21-22 Government will identify specific goals & objectives for prevention & wellness activities. That means controlling YOU!!
* PG 936 Government will develop "Healthy People and National Public Health Performance Standards" Tell me what to eat?
* PG 942 Lines 22-25 More government? Offices of Surgeon General -Public Health Svc, Minority Health, Women’s Health
* PG 950- 980 BIG GOVERNMENT core pub health infrastructure including workforce capacity, lab systems, health info sys, etc.
* PG 993 Government will establish school based health clinics. Your kids won’t have a chance.
* PG 994 School Based Health Clinic will be integrated into the school environment. Say government brainwash!
* PG 1001 The government will establish a National Medical Device Registry. Will you be tracked?
When I visited Suomi Lodge in Astoria, I spotted a wall hanging I had not seen before. The design struck me as possessing "big magic," as my late sister would have said. I had to learn what it signifies.
Here is ChatGPT's analysis of the piece. It turns out I was correct.
## 1. Description of the design
The piece is a long, narrow, flat-woven wool hanging in two colours: a very dark ground (almost black) and a light, straw-coloured pattern. The design is strongly vertical and organized in horizontal bands:
* **Top band:** a row of tall, slender staffs rises from the lower edge of the band, each topped with a small diamond or bud shape.
* **Second band:** four large, jagged rosettes or “sunbursts” sit on stiff stems. Each rosette has a different interior pattern, all highly geometric.
* **Narrow divider band:** a row of rectangular, stepped motifs, like stylized fences, altars, or plinths.
* **Central panel:** two dense bands of alternating motifs:
* Circle medallions containing different signs (equal-armed cross, star-like figure, spiral/sun-wheel types, etc.).
* Shield- or banner-shaped motifs between the circles, hanging downwards.
* **Lower panel:** another row of four large rosettes/sunbursts on very long stems, again ending in plinth-like blocks.
* **Top and bottom:** braided or twisted fringe.
Visually it reads like a **procession of standards** or **tall flowers/trees** whose “crowns” are sun disks and protective signs.
---
## 2. What kind of textile is this?
Structurally, this looks like a **raanu** rather than a pile rug (ryijy):
* A raanu is a **flat-woven wool tapestry** in which both faces look essentially the same, traditionally using bold, rhythmic colour areas and geometric motifs. ([Selvedge Magazine][1])
* Raanus were especially associated with **Lapland**, where they served as wall hangings, bed covers and sled blankets; their colours were “often arranged to tell a story about nature.” ([Tikka Wilderness Lodges][2])
* In the 20th century, raanu and ryijy weaving were revived in Finland and often adapted into modern, abstract compositions while still carrying folk symbolism. ([Norwegian Textile Letter][3])
So stylistically we’re probably looking at a **mid-20th-century Finnish raanu-type wall hanging**: minimal colour, strong geometry, and a story told through repeated motifs.
---
## 3. Motifs and their roots in Finnish symbolic traditions
### a. Sunbursts and sun-wheels
The large rosettes at top and bottom and many of the circle medallions use forms closely related to the **sun cross / wheel cross** (a cross or spokes inside a circle) and to spoked sun-wheels:
* The sun or wheel cross—equilateral cross in a circle—is a very old symbol found throughout prehistoric Scandinavia and Europe, where it is usually understood as a solar or cosmological sign. ([Lufolk][4])
* In Scandinavian folk art and textile design, sun-wheels and related crosses are associated with **life, movement, fertility, and cosmic order**. ([DIVA Portal][5])
Finnish and Sámi traditions share this solar vocabulary. In many Nordic contexts, such signs could be both **cosmic** (sun, seasons, divine order) and **protective**, keeping misfortune away from the household.
### b. Crosses and Christian layering
Several roundels contain **equal-armed crosses** or a cross with a small central square. These sit in a region where pre-Christian solar crosses and later **Christian crosses** overlap:
* In Scandinavian textiles, stars and crosses were commonly used to connect household textiles with Christian symbolism—linking family life, fertility and continuity to divine protection. ([Smile to Talk][6])
* Finnish Lutheran church textiles in the 20th century often expressed theology through abstract, repeated symbols—vines of life, roses for Christ’s wounds, etc.—woven into altar cloths and wall hangings. ([ArtWay][7])
So these medallions can reasonably be read as part of a **Christianised but very folkish iconography**: crosses that are simultaneously suns and signs of Christ’s guarding presence.
### c. Protective “magic” signs: cousins of Hannunvaakuna and Tursaansydän
While I don’t see a literal **hannunvaakuna** (looped square / St John’s Arms) or **tursaansydän** in the hanging, the whole grammar of repeated circular and knot-like signs fits into that protective universe:
* The **looped square** (Hannunvaakuna / käpälikkö) is a pre-Christian Finnic symbol widely carved or painted on houses, barns, utensils and sometimes embroidered on textiles to **ward off evil spirits and bad luck.** ([Wikipedia][8])
* The **tursaansydän** (“heart of Tursas”) is another ancient Finnish sign believed to bring good luck and protection from curses, commonly used as a decorative motif on wooden furniture and buildings. ([Wikipedia][9])
* In broader Scandinavian vernacular architecture, linked sun-cross or swastika variations were explicitly understood as devices to keep malicious spirits from entering the house. ([The Creative Flux][10])
Your hanging’s medallions—spokes, crosses, nested circles—sit very close to these protective repertoires. Even if the exact historic talismans aren’t copied, the **intention feels the same: a field of blessings and wards for the room and the people who gather there.**
### d. Trees, staffs, or candles?
The tall verticals topped with little diamonds and the long stems of the big rosettes are typical of how Finnish and other Scandinavian weavers stylise **trees of life**, **plants**, and sometimes **candles**:
* Scandinavian ryijy and related rugs often adapt the Near Eastern or “tree of life” design to represent **family lineage and continuity**, with a central trunk and branching flowers or rosettes. ([Nazmiyal Antique Rugs][11])
* In Finnish church textiles, upright elements and repeating floral forms may symbolize the **vine or tree of life** and the community gathered around Christ. ([ArtWay][7])
The way the rosettes sit on long, straight stems over blocky bases could also suggest **processional standards or candles on stands**—appropriate imagery for a Lutheran context, where candles represent prayer, remembrance and Christ as light of the world.
### e. Banners, plinths and ordering the world
The small rectangular and banner-like motifs between and under the medallions help “ground” the composition:
* Rows of horizontal blocks at the transitions between bands are reminiscent of **fences, altars, benches or house-fronts**—the human, built world.
* In Lapland raanu, weavers often arrange colours and shapes to “tell a story about nature,” with horizontal bands marking sky, horizon, earth and so on. ([Weavers Guild of Minnesota][12])
So one way to read the hanging is as **layers of the world**: sky with vertical standards, a band of solar and protective emblems, a band of human banners and houses, and again the great suns rising over solid foundations.
---
## 4. Spiritual and ethnographic context
Finnish scholars and museum writers are very clear that these textiles were never “just decoration”:
* Ryijy and related rugs were part of **wedding rituals and dowries**; they could be used as prayer rugs at the ceremony and then hung in the home as enduring, protective textiles. ([Norwegian Textile Letter][3])
* Finnish domestic textiles—whether ryijy, raanu or embroidered blankets—served as **bed covers, sleigh rugs, wall hangings and even palls for the deceased**, appearing at key moments of life and death. ([National Museum of Finland][13])
* Contemporary Finnish writers describe carpets like raanu and ryijy as **“protectors, storytellers and works of art”** that embody home, history and identity. ([Instagram][14])
Within that frame, the mixture of solar signs, crosses and vertical life-forms in your hanging makes good sense:
* It mirrors the **syncretic spirituality** of rural Finland, where Lutheran Christianity layered over older Finno-Ugric ideas about the sun, protective spirits and enchanted boundaries.
* It also lines up with how **Finnish goddess and fate embroideries** used cloth as a medium for myths about light, time, life and death—cloth not only as ornament but as **votive offering and carrier of sacred power.** ([Academia][15])
And in the immigrant context:
* Nordic-American churches and halls frequently used home-made textiles—altar cloths, banners, wall hangings—drawing on local weaving traditions and Christian symbolism to sacralise new spaces in North America. ([Preserving Nordic American Churches][16])
---
## 5. A reasonable reading for Suomi Hall
Putting all of that together, a grounded—but still honest—interpretation would go something like this:
* **Formally,** this is a Finnish raanu-type wall hanging, probably mid-20th century, in the Lapland / modernist flat-weave tradition.
* **Iconographically,** it weaves together:
* solar rosettes and wheel-crosses (sun, life, seasons, God’s ordering of time),
* cross-bearing medallions (Christ’s protection, but also very old solar signs),
* and a field of smaller circular “charms” that echo the language of Finnic protective signs like Hannunvaakuna and Tursaansydän—symbols historically used to shield buildings, objects and families from evil.
* **Compositionally,** the repeated verticals and bases read as trees or candles on stands, or as processional standards: a stylised **procession of lights and protective emblems** standing guard.
* **Functionally,** as a bequest from a Finnish elder to Suomi Hall, it almost certainly served as a **talismanic object of memory and protection** for the community space—a piece that quietly says:
*“Here, under the signs of the sun, the cross, and the old protective marks, our people gather, warmed and watched over.”*
We can’t prove what the individual weaver intended without documentation, but the design sits squarely inside the **documented Finnish textile tradition** of using woven symbols to express cosmic order, Christian faith and everyday spiritual protection.
Structurally this is almost certainly **weft-faced tabby (plain weave)** in the raanu tradition.
### How the light areas are made
In raanu weaving:
* The **warp** is usually cotton or linen.
* The **weft** is wool, beaten in very firmly so the warp disappears – a classic *weft-faced* cloth. ([All Fiber Arts][1])
To get the pattern, the weaver uses **two (or more) weft colours on the same warp**:
1. **Across-the-width runs** (for solid bands, bases, etc.):
The light weft is woven for some picks, then the dark weft, and so on. Because the cloth is weft-faced, what you see on the surface is simply “this section has light weft packed in, this section has dark.”
2. **Motifs and “pixels”** (the circles, crosses, sunbursts):
* The weaver works with **discontinuous wefts**—short lengths (or “butterflies”) of the light yarn that travel only under the part of the shed where the motif lives, while the dark weft covers the rest.
* At the boundary between colours, the two wefts are usually **interlocked or dovetailed** like tapestry so there isn’t a slit; that’s why the shapes have those crisp, stair-step edges along the warp/weft grid.
* A common raanu instruction is: “Often 2 or more shuttles of different colours of yarn are woven in alternating order creating simple yet complex designs.” ([All Fiber Arts][2])
So there’s no supplementary structure or pile; just very tightly packed weft in different colours, placed where you want the motif.
### Is it two-sided? Are the colours reversed?
For a **weft-faced tabby raanu** like this:
* Yes, it is effectively **double-faced**: both sides are finished surfaces with the same two colours and the same overall design.
* But the colours are **not reversed like a photographic negative**. On the back you still see light where there is light on the front and dark where there is dark; the only difference is tiny shifts where the wefts pass over/under each other, so edges can look slightly “shadowed” or offset. One raanu draft notes that a “reverse pattern design shows up on the back, as on the alternate pick the weft yarn travels under each other during weaving.” ([All Fiber Arts][2])
When you do see true colour-reversal front/back in Finnish wall textiles, that’s usually **täkänä (double weave)** rather than raanu proper: two layers of cloth with the colours swapped between layers, giving a perfectly inverted face. Those are explicitly sold and described as “double weave, reversible” pieces. ([Etsy][3])
So for your Suomi Hall hanging, the safest structural story is:
> **Single-layer, weft-faced modified tabby on a floor loom, pattern built with discontinuous light and dark wefts; same design on both sides, not colour-reversed.**
[1]: allfiberarts.com/raanu-weaving/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Raanu Weaving"
[2]: allfiberarts.com/raanu-weaving-draft/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Raanu Weaving Draft"
[3]: www.etsy.com/listing/1563578574/finnish-wall-hanging-taka... "Finnish Wall Hanging Takana Double Weave Reversible ..."
[1]: www.selvedge.org/blogs/selvedge/the-forgotten-finnish-raa... "The Forgotten Finnish Raanu"
[2]: tikkawildernesslogesblog.jimdofree.com/carpets/?utm_sourc... "Which carpets define Finnish homes and what is the story behind ..."
[3]: norwegiantextileletter.com/article/finnish-ryijy-rugs-at-... "Finnish Ryijy Rugs at the American Swedish Institute"
[4]: lufolk.com/blogs/paganism-and-folklore/wheel-cross-in-sca... "Wheel Cross in Scandinavia - Lufolk"
[5]: www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2%3A1441319/FULLTEXT02.... "Multiple Expressions of the Wheel Cross Motif in South ..."
[6]: www.smiletotalk.com/blog/history-and-characteristics-of-s... "History and Characteristics of Scandinavian Carpets"
[7]: www.artway.eu/posts/finnish-church-architecture?utm_sourc... "Finnish Church Architecture | Maija Paavilainen"
[8]: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looped_square?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Looped square"
[9]: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tursaansyd%C3%A4n?utm_source=chatgp... "Tursaansydän"
[10]: thecreativeflux.wordpress.com/2012/12/30/magic-and-mystic... "Magic and Mysticism in Scandinavian Vernacular Architecture"
[11]: nazmiyalantiquerugs.com/blog/vintage-shag-pile-swedish-ry... "Vintage Shag Pile Swedish Rya Rug History"
[12]: www.weaversguildmn.org/news/wynne-mattilas-raanu-rugs?utm... "Wynne Mattila's Raanu Rugs – Weavers Guild of Minnesota"
[13]: www.kansallismuseo.fi/en/digitaalinen-kokoelma/tutkijan-v... "Traditional blankets from the ethnological collections"
[14]: www.instagram.com/p/DOV4FtyEzfx/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "A day of hidden histories and hand-stitched stories. ..."
[15]: www.academia.edu/26236183/Cloths_of_Fate_Inter_weavings_o... "Cloths of Fate: Inter-weavings of Finnic Goddess ..."
[16]: nordicamericanchurches.org/folk-art-tradition/traditional... "Traditional Textiles | Preserving Nordic American Churches"
This text is a collaboration with ChatGPT.
Voronezh is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronizh in Ukraine). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.
A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus.
In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol. As well as the name of Voroneț Monastery known for its blue shade.
Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (ворон) and hedgehog (еж) into Воронеж. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.
In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars. The city was named after the river.
17th to 19th centuries
In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu's map of 1645. Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line, Goto Predestinatsia. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh, was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate, which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate.
In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet, and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.
-> of the direction of the spine in respectively norwegian, danish, english, american, german and italian bookdesign. All lie front up, which causes italian and german books to have their spine upside-down.
M6
I received 42 frames from my lab from my last roll with M6. The first frame on top left hand is considered unusable. Next was the one at the bottom left hand corner that I shot to kill off the counter. I think it looks good with some cropping on the right.
IMHO, 41 usable frames from a roll of 36 exposures film is a good return from my experience in shooting film. I think M6 has thin spacings between negatives and I managed my personal record of 41 frames from 36 exposures negative.
© copyrighted
i've always loved drawing trees. When i was a teenager i used to sit in various parks in Grand Haven, Michigan, and draw the twist of branches and the wrinkles of bark. The texture and the endless variety amazes me still.
These trees were inspired by an analysis of my handwriting, done when i was also a teen. It was a very accurate analysis, pointing out the exact age i was when my parents divorced and which parent i leaned to most at varying times in my life. i still have a cassette tape of the analysis somewhere, but i no longer have a tape player.
At my first show, the Around the Coyote Festival in September of 2005, this was the first piece of art i ever sold. Jon Johnson took it from me and hung it expertly in his home.
Marker on watercolor.
February 2004 - 12 x 16
Sold.