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CO2 (O=C=O) asymmetric stretch and bends. Firefly 8.2.0 DFT B3LYP 6-311++G(d,p) geometry-optimized structure (energy minimum, no imaginary frequencies). C=O bond length = 1.16 Å. Gabedit 2.4.8 visualization. In a classical Newtonian sense, the atoms can be considered small weights on springs (covalent bonds) that vibrate at certain frequencies. The blue arrows represent the direction of atom movement within the molecule.
Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric pollutant, contributing to global warming and a mildly electrophilic acidic oxide, slightly reducing the pH in oceans by forming carbonic acid (CO2(aq) + H2O(l) → H2CO3(aq); reversible equation) which is affecting some aquatic life. There are global efforts to reduce CO2 formation and presence from combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation. The molecule absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation (heat) due to the asymmetric stretching and bending motions (the two asymmetric bending modes occur at the same frequency). There is also symmetric stretching, but is not shown here, as it is not detected in an IR spectrum. The dense atmosphere of Venus is mostly CO2, so has an uninhabitable surface temperature.
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Cholesterol is needed in the body to:
•make up the structure of the membrane (outer layer) of every cell in the body,
•insulate nerve fibres,
•make hormones, such as sex hormones and steroid hormones, and
•make bile acids, which are needed for the digestion and absorption of fats.
'Good' and 'bad' cholesterol
Cholesterol cannot travel around the body on its own because it does not dissolve in water. Instead, it is carried in your blood by molecules called lipoproteins.
The two main lipoproteins are LDL and HDL.
•Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL is the main cholesterol transporter and carries cholesterol from your liver to the cells that need it. If there is too much cholesterol for the cells to use, this can cause a harmful build-up in your blood. Too much LDL cholesterol in the blood can cause cholesterol to build up in the artery walls, leading to disease of the arteries. For this reason, LDL cholesterol is known as 'bad cholesterol', and lower levels are better.
•High-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL carries cholesterol away from the cells and back to the liver, where it is either broken down or passed from the body as a waste product. For this reason, it is referred to as 'good cholesterol', and higher levels are better.
The amount of cholesterol in the blood (including both LDL and HDL) can be measured with a blood test.
Triglycerides:
Your doctor or nurse may also measure your level of triglycerides. Triglycerides are the fats you use for energy and come from the fatty foods you eat, and you store what you do not use in the fatty tissues of your body. Excess triglycerides in the blood also increase heart problems.
Blood cholesterol is measured in units called millimoles per litre of blood, often shortened to mmol/L. The government recommends that cholesterol levels should be less than 5mmol/L.
Evidence strongly indicates that high cholesterol levels can cause narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis), heart attack and stroke.
There are many factors that can increase your chance of having heart problems or stroke if you have high cholesterol. These are called risk factors.
•Some risk factors, such as an unhealthy diet and smoking, can be changed by altering your lifestyle.
•Some risk factors, such as having diabetes or high blood pressure, can be treated with medication.
•Some risk factors, such as having a family history of stroke or heart disease, cannot be changed.
Carbon dioxide (O=C=O) is a greenhouse gas, that absorbs at several wavelengths in the near infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Starting with the linear molecule (top), asymmetric stretching (below top image) at 2349 cm-1 and bending (second from bottom) at 667 cm-1 (this data source Wikipedia). The bending is a degenerate pair mode (direction of vibration orthogonal to each other) and the stretching mode the more intense peak in the spectrum. There is also symmetric stretching (bottom; at 1388 cm−1), but is not detected in the IR spectrum.
The atmospheric infrared absorption causes these molecular vibrations and the molecule re-emits infrared heat in all directions, including downwards to Earth, causing extra warming (in addition to the Sun's radiation). Therefore, CO2 (and other greenhouse gases, e.g. methane from Arctic tundra) acts like a heat blanket. The dense atmosphere of Venus is mostly CO2, so the greenhouse effect is even more extreme, making the surface temperature even more uninhabitable.
It is now scientifically proven that the main cause of excess CO2, causing global warming (and climate change), is human activity: predominantly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. In addition, the excess CO2 is causing a slight decrease in seawater pH (by forming more dissolved carbonic acid), with the combined effect of increasing sea temperatures, affecting some marine life and ecosystems (e.g. coral reefs).
Sonata Vario Acoustic Absorbers Installed to the ceiling at at Kirkby Lonsdale Methodist Chapel to reduce reverberation with the main hall.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
nitroshot.com/sh/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPa...
NITROSHOT:
It's for everyone, including children beginning at the age of 7. It is a supplement based on essential amino acids in a hydrolyzed collagen base to separate the peptides and eliminate acidic toxins such as ammonia and other toxins perfecting its absorption as nitrogen to the muscle zones stimulated by physical efforts throughout the course of the workout. The idea is to speed up the red blood cell recruitment to exert strength and generate an adequate physical adaptation to our workout, leading to a rapid and progressive muscle development. Its intake is based on the elementary functions of human beings and their basic principles, such as anabolic function, 10 minutes before each workout, middle and end, to stimulate the absorption window. Helping the basic principle of physical adaptation and other basic principles.
A Complete nutrition formula with no artificial colors or flavors and no synthetic vitamins. For all medium to large exotic birds. More than 40 ingredients. Beans are cooked and dehydrated for better nutritional absorption. Potatoes are cooked and dehydrated. Vegetables and fruits are dehydrated unless noted otherwise. Best served cooked.
INGREDIENTS: INSTANT BROWN RICE, WHOLE WHEAT, ROASTED CORN, ROASTED ALMONDS AND CASHEWS, PAPAYA, TOMATO PASTA, SPINACH PASTA, SUN DRIED TOMATOES, PINEAPPLE, BANANA CHIPS, APPLES, CARROTS, SESAME SEED, MANGO, SWEETENED CRANBERRIES, APRICOTS, GREEN CABBAGE, LOW HEAT CHILI PEPPERS, WHOLE CINNAMON STICKS, FREEZE DRIED SWEET GARDEN PEAS, SWEET POTATOES, WHITE POTATOES, WHOLE STAR ANISE SEED, COOKED AND DEHYDRATED ASSORTED BEANS, PEAS, ROASTED CHIC PEAS, SWEET PEPPERS, BEETS, SHELLED WALNUTS, GOJI BERRIES, SPINACH, FREEZE DRIED SWEET CORN, BLUEBERRIES, HIBISCUS FLOWERS, PAPRIKA, FREEZE DRIED BANANAS, BASIL, DRIED LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS FERMENTATION PRODUCT, DRIED LACTOBACILLUS CASEI, FERMENTATION PRODUCT, DRIED LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM FERMENTATION PRODUCT, DRIED LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM FERMENTATION PRODUCT, DRIED ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM FERMENTATION PRODUCT, AND DRIED BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM FERMENTATION PRODUCT. DOES NOT CONTAIN PEANUTS.
Guaranteed Analysis: crude protein (min.) 13.75%; crude fat (min.) 7.5%; crude fiber (max.) 9%; moisture (max.) 5%; ash (max.) 7%
Refrigerate after opening to retain freshness.
DIRECTIONS FOR QUICK COOK:
1. Remove flavor fresh packet from container, add 1 1/2 cups of blend to 3 cups boiling water.
2. Stir, remove from heat and cover. Let stand until cool.
3. Stir again and feed. Refrigerate left over amount for up to 3 days.
Can be cooked ahead of time and frozen to be served at a later date.
Amsterdam
June 2012
The Netherlands
After this shot these guys politely offered to get out of my frame.
If the only knew..
Urban life in the Netherlands
Ricoh GRD IV
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely I will probably say yes, just ask me first!
If you happen to be in one of my frames and have any objections to this.
Please contact me!
Please no glossy awards, scripted comments and big thumbnails back to your own work.
I will remove them..
This is a shot of one of the igloo-shaped rooms inside the Aurora Ice Museum @ Chena Hot Springs Resort. The museum has many rooms and is basically a gallery of ice sculptures created by ice carvers -Steve and Heather Brice. It's open year round - one of a kind. It stays cold in the summer months by way of a patented absorption chiller. Very cool - literally!
According to the channelling theory, an atom column acts as a channel for the incoming electrons in which the electrons scatter dynamically without leaving the column. It gives a simple mathematical expression for the complex exit wave including only the lowest bound state of the column potential. Its amplitude is peaked at the atom column positions whereas the phase, which is a constant over the column, is proportional to the average mass density of the column. This is shown on the right. A convenient way to visualize the number of atoms along the zone-axis to atomic resolution is by plotting the complex value of the exit wave for each pixel at the column positions in a so-called Argand plot. The Argand plot provides quantitative structure information at atomic resolution, including information about the composition of the atom columns, absorption from phonon scattering and the geometry (roughness) of the exit surface. The theory is carried out on simulated exit waves based on the multislice theory and on an experimental Ge[110] exit wave reconstructed from images taken from the TEAM0.5 microscope.
A red giant whose spectrum is dominated by strong absorption bands of carbon-containing molecules. The Swan bands of C2 are especially prominent, with absorption by CN, CH, C3, SiC2, and C aII present to varying degrees, with often a strong sodium D line.
Carbon stars, also known as C stars, have carbon/oxygen ratios that are typically four to five times higher than those of normal red giants and show little trace of the light metal oxide bands that are the usual red giant hallmark. They resemble S stars in their relative proportion of heavy and light metals, but contain far more carbon in their upper layers. The carbon is likely the dredged-up ashes of nuclear helium burning in the stellar interior. Carbon stars lose a significant fraction of their total mass in the form of a stellar wind which ultimately enriches the interstellar medium – the source of material for future generations of stars.
Carbon stars were previously classified as stars of spectral type R (hotter, with surface temperatures of 4,000 to 5,000 K) and N (up to 10 times more luminous but cooler, with a temperature of about 3,000 K). They are typically associated with some circumstellar material in the form of sooty shells, disks, or clouds.
www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/carbon_star.html
Distance: ~32,615 light years, Magnitude Range: +7.1 to +8.5, Colour Index B-V: +3.9, Period: 340 Days, R.A. & DEC: 19 28 47 +46 02 38, Spectral Type: C4 (N3)
Image details: Date: 17th March 2016
R-Bessell Photometric Filter: 20 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
G-Bessell Photometric Filter: 39 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
B-Bessell Photometric Filter: 86 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
B-V-R folder images were then aligned and stacked to give Master B, V and R images; these were then colour combined in CCDSoft v5
Cherryvalley Observatory (MPC/IAU Code: I83)
CCD Operating Temperature: -37 Degrees Centigrade, Field of View: 46 x 37 arcmins, Pixel Array: 1280 x 1024Pixel Size: 16um x 16 um, Plate Scale: 2.17 arcsec/pixel, 0.2-m SCT+SBIG STL 1301E CCD, f/ratio: 7.6
Date: 17th March 2016
#PREGNANCYTIP Caffeine affects iron absorption and so it is recommended that #pregnant women limit caffeine intake
Yongxi Li - Assistant Research Scientist, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science layers carbon based organic dye with strong near infrared absorption onto a substrate to create organic photovoltaics inside Stephen Forrest’s lab at the G.G. Brown Building on North Campus in Ann Arbor, MI on July 28, 2020.
These semi-transparent OPVs are attractive energy conversion devices for integration onto window panes, skylights, and building facades, providing an opportunity for increasing solar energy harvesting on building surfaces.
Photo: Robert Coelius/University of Michigan Engineering, Communications & Marketing
Line graph showing the relative amount of light absorption for the Carotenoid family of photosynthetic pigments at different light wavelengths. Feel Free to use the photo but please don't forget to give credit to www.ledgrowlightshq.co.uk.Thanks!
“You have seen nothing yet”, asserts Sinead O’Brien in single Girlkind – and you are inclined to believe her. Building on her arresting releases since 2018, the multifaceted Irish poet, songwriter and performer is ascending into new territory with her debut LP, Time Bend and Break the Bower, released via Chess Club Records.
Demanding a visceral response from her audiences, O’Brien issues a challenge to those who would box her music inside a notion of tradition. Instead, the artist’s poetry – a constant, active absorption of how people speak, communicate and clash in the era we are living through – is an essential clarion call heard in the future.
Communing at the triangulation of words, music and image, O’Brien is a conjurer of powerful worlds: and none are more powerful, or as immersive, as those of Time Bend and Break the Bower. In the space that exists between her delivery – at once wry, silky, vicious, and self-assured – and the music – a dynamic, dancing call-and-response from her collaborators, guitarist Julian Hanson and drummer Oscar Robertson – lies the record’s productive tension. Using a method of creating on-instinct, in constant communication with multisensory cues, O’Brien carves out her own space as a musical oracle for an ever-shifting era. Treading her path as a poet, not a singer, is how O’Brien has forged an identity she feels is truly hers: it is, simply, how the artist has to communicate.
If O’Brien’s delivery alone issues a challenge of genre, of categorisation, what is she telling us with those words? Born in Dublin and raised in Limerick, there are no overtly explicit references to O’Brien’s home country to be found in the new record, but the atmosphere of its landscape is nonetheless found in its lyrical world..On tracks like ‘Girlkind’, and latest single ‘Holy Country’, the narrative builds from abstract memories of home, before O’Brien’s wild current drags us somewhere else entirely, issuing an urgent protest as much as an incantation. In ‘Like Culture’, she carries a poem she began writing when she was 17 – an ode to coming together with friends on dance floors – through with her into the current moment, where the healing power of movement matters now more than ever.
O’Brien wants each word to be heard – to make impact. And she is being heard. Since 2020, O’Brien’s releases – such as 2021’s ‘Kid Stuff’ single, and 2020’s ‘Drowning in Blessings’ EP – have garnered international critical acclaim, from titles like Rolling Stone, DIY, Dazed, Dork, Loud & Quiet, NME, Paste, Stereogum, The FADER, The Guardian, The Quietus, and AnOther Magazine, among others. O’Brien has also been consistently supported on national radio: she counts Jack Saunders at BBC Radio 1, and Steve Lamacq and Amy Lamé at BBC Radio 6 Music, as champions of her music, with the latter station giving two tracks a spot on their B List. And O’Brien is building on her prior US support from the likes of Seattles’ KEXP with appearances at SXSW – in virtual form in 2021, and as she brings her band to Texas itself in spring 2022.
O’Brien has also toured across the UK and Europe at a number of venues and festivals, where she has stamped her unforgettable performance style alongside her musical collaborators – an impact that has led to her being invited to tour with Belle & Sebastian later in 2022. On stage, the raven-haired artist commands attention, demonstrating a kinetic connection with Hanson and Roberston with every sentiment she voices. Live performance is a vital ingredient of O’Brien’s ongoing project – it’s here that her contemporary sonics transform into a unique on-stage vocabulary, one that both seduces and challenges.
With a background on the design teams for John Galliano and, later, Vivienne Westwood, O’Brien’s cultural touchstones also span a rich history of art, photography, film, and dance: from Helmut Newton femme fatales and Henri Cartier-Bresson’s bleak landscapes, to modern movement performance by Michael Clark and Michael Laub companies, to the writings of Virginia Woolf and Samuel Beckett. Recently tapped by Alessandro Michele’s Gucci to perform, it’s clear that O’Brien’s esoteric instincts are inspiring those in spaces beyond the music industry as well as within it.
Relentless, surreal, incendiary, O’Brien operates inside her own atmosphere even as she constantly forms her response to the contemporary world she moves through. In 2022, with the release of her debut album, festival circuit presence, and multiple tour dates, the artist is blazing a trail into the new – always questioning, and asking you to join her.
Iron Man Records will be looking after Tour Management for Sinead O'Brien on her tour dates through September and October. Come and see the band play. If you are already an Iron Man Records Patron, ask if you are after guestlist places. I might be able to find you a ticket or two.
Listen here: sineadobrienpoetry.bandcamp.com/
A hook is attached to one end an absorption tower during its unloading off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Dock workers place some cables onto a giant hook that is attached to a crane during the unloading of an absorption tower off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Operation of atomic absorption spectrometer in analytical laboratory
Obsluha atomového absorpčního spektrometru v analyzační laboratoři
Sonata Vario Acoustic Absorbers Installed to the ceiling at at Kirkby Lonsdale Methodist Chapel to reduce reverberation with the side room.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
Two natural uncut emeralds and a Gilson synthetic cut stone. Like ruby and red spinel, emerald is coloured by chromium. Emerald contains beryllium as an integral part of its crystalline structure (Be_3 Al_2 (SiO_3)_6). Beryllium is a uniquely interesting element since, during the evolution of the universe from the Big Bang, it was not produced by nuclear reactions in stars and supernova explosions like most of the other chemical elements but by the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar gas between the stars.
“You have seen nothing yet”, asserts Sinead O’Brien in single Girlkind – and you are inclined to believe her. Building on her arresting releases since 2018, the multifaceted Irish poet, songwriter and performer is ascending into new territory with her debut LP, Time Bend and Break the Bower, released via Chess Club Records.
Demanding a visceral response from her audiences, O’Brien issues a challenge to those who would box her music inside a notion of tradition. Instead, the artist’s poetry – a constant, active absorption of how people speak, communicate and clash in the era we are living through – is an essential clarion call heard in the future.
Communing at the triangulation of words, music and image, O’Brien is a conjurer of powerful worlds: and none are more powerful, or as immersive, as those of Time Bend and Break the Bower. In the space that exists between her delivery – at once wry, silky, vicious, and self-assured – and the music – a dynamic, dancing call-and-response from her collaborators, guitarist Julian Hanson and drummer Oscar Robertson – lies the record’s productive tension. Using a method of creating on-instinct, in constant communication with multisensory cues, O’Brien carves out her own space as a musical oracle for an ever-shifting era. Treading her path as a poet, not a singer, is how O’Brien has forged an identity she feels is truly hers: it is, simply, how the artist has to communicate.
If O’Brien’s delivery alone issues a challenge of genre, of categorisation, what is she telling us with those words? Born in Dublin and raised in Limerick, there are no overtly explicit references to O’Brien’s home country to be found in the new record, but the atmosphere of its landscape is nonetheless found in its lyrical world..On tracks like ‘Girlkind’, and latest single ‘Holy Country’, the narrative builds from abstract memories of home, before O’Brien’s wild current drags us somewhere else entirely, issuing an urgent protest as much as an incantation. In ‘Like Culture’, she carries a poem she began writing when she was 17 – an ode to coming together with friends on dance floors – through with her into the current moment, where the healing power of movement matters now more than ever.
O’Brien wants each word to be heard – to make impact. And she is being heard. Since 2020, O’Brien’s releases – such as 2021’s ‘Kid Stuff’ single, and 2020’s ‘Drowning in Blessings’ EP – have garnered international critical acclaim, from titles like Rolling Stone, DIY, Dazed, Dork, Loud & Quiet, NME, Paste, Stereogum, The FADER, The Guardian, The Quietus, and AnOther Magazine, among others. O’Brien has also been consistently supported on national radio: she counts Jack Saunders at BBC Radio 1, and Steve Lamacq and Amy Lamé at BBC Radio 6 Music, as champions of her music, with the latter station giving two tracks a spot on their B List. And O’Brien is building on her prior US support from the likes of Seattles’ KEXP with appearances at SXSW – in virtual form in 2021, and as she brings her band to Texas itself in spring 2022.
O’Brien has also toured across the UK and Europe at a number of venues and festivals, where she has stamped her unforgettable performance style alongside her musical collaborators – an impact that has led to her being invited to tour with Belle & Sebastian later in 2022. On stage, the raven-haired artist commands attention, demonstrating a kinetic connection with Hanson and Roberston with every sentiment she voices. Live performance is a vital ingredient of O’Brien’s ongoing project – it’s here that her contemporary sonics transform into a unique on-stage vocabulary, one that both seduces and challenges.
With a background on the design teams for John Galliano and, later, Vivienne Westwood, O’Brien’s cultural touchstones also span a rich history of art, photography, film, and dance: from Helmut Newton femme fatales and Henri Cartier-Bresson’s bleak landscapes, to modern movement performance by Michael Clark and Michael Laub companies, to the writings of Virginia Woolf and Samuel Beckett. Recently tapped by Alessandro Michele’s Gucci to perform, it’s clear that O’Brien’s esoteric instincts are inspiring those in spaces beyond the music industry as well as within it.
Relentless, surreal, incendiary, O’Brien operates inside her own atmosphere even as she constantly forms her response to the contemporary world she moves through. In 2022, with the release of her debut album, festival circuit presence, and multiple tour dates, the artist is blazing a trail into the new – always questioning, and asking you to join her.
Iron Man Records will be looking after Tour Management for Sinead O'Brien on her tour dates through September and October. Come and see the band play. If you are already an Iron Man Records Patron, ask if you are after guestlist places. I might be able to find you a ticket or two.
Listen here: sineadobrienpoetry.bandcamp.com/
Technicians using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) - cation analysis in soil-plant-water samples.
Pulse oximeters measure light absorption in the finger to noninvasively monitor oxygen saturation and pulse rate.
www.amazon.com/Masimo-Oximeter-Connector-Sensor-Android/d...
This shows the transmission spectra of Burt's deep blue glass compared with a twilight sky's worth of ozone gas, both of which appear as a rich ultramarine blue with a deep red tint.
E. O Hulburt, was the first to appreciate the importance of the Chappuis band of ozone gas high in the atmosphere in determining the brightness and colour of the twilight sky. See his paper from 1953: "Explanation of the Brightness and Color of the Sky, Particularly the Twilight Sky", E. O. HULBURT, 1953, J. Opt. Soc. America, 43, 2, p113
Infrared spectroscopy (green line) of a biodegradable 'plastic' cup, seen in the centre of the photograph, compared with two samples of conventional clear plastic food-wrapping boxes (red and brown line spectra).
The cup is made from corn starch converted to polylactic acid (PLA): see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid
The PLA shows a rich blue fluorescence under LW (UVa) light in contrast with the plastic that glows a pale greenish white.
Just like a bodybuilder, Buzzwole is often seen striking poses that show off its massive, abnormally swollen muscles. The creature’s body covered in red blood-like filled sacs with veins that are said to be as hard as steel. Buzzwole’s crushing power and unbridled rage give way to fearsome physical damage, and worst of all, a stabbing attack from its silver proboscis which can drain and steal opponents’ energy! This giant extra-dimensional anthropomorphic mosquito packs quite a pulverizing punch!
Built for the Ultra Beasts Collab! Find the other powerful Ultra Beasts from these talented builders!
@_ezreel_ as Nihilego
@anderson_builder as Buzzwole
@dv_mocs as Pheromosa
@carecreations_ as Xurkitree
@aidan_jh as Celesteela
@rons_oc as Kartana
@petersheikah as Guzzlord
@space_glove as Nekrozma
@panuvara as Naganadel
@danielbrickson as Stakataka
@brick_diamonds as Blacephalon
This annotates the telluric absorption features in the sunset and Lunar eclipse absorption spectra. It shows that the water and dimer (O_4) absorptions are much weaker in the eclipse (Pallé, E. et al. Nature volume 459, pages 814–816 (11 June 2009)) spectra since this samples predominantly the upper atmosphere where these species are rare. The dimer bands require a temporary pairing of oxygen molecules and so their relative abundance depends on the pressure.
An interesting discussion of the effect of ozone on sunrise and sunset sky colour is given by Frédéric Zagury and Mitsugu Fujii (New Astronomy, 2003, 8, p.549-556 ), available at :
Green Roofing with Synthetic Turf and Natural Turf Profiles
AirField Systems AirDrain Synthetic Drainage Layer was chosen to replace a competitive product that had not performed up to the standards which were expected.
This rooftop sports field needed to be flat and playable across the entire surface without buckles and separations of the under laying drainage layer.
AirDrain's patented expansion and contraction joints allow for just that. A unified drainage system that drains and acts as a shock absorption layer.
Benefits of AirField in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant GMAX for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
G MAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester go-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted G max registration unit(www.triax2000.com).
This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undeniable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality.
Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain artificial grass green roof installation design
Bill (1982, www.unige.ch/sciences/chifi/publis/refs_pdf/ref00761.pdf ) demonstrated that the yellow colour of natural fluorite is due to a broad absorption, centred at 440nm, that results from an O3- colour centre (an O3 negative ion replacing two fluorine ions in the CaF2 fluorite structure). While this centre is not locally charge neutral, the charge can be compensated by Na+, Gd3+ and Yb3+ impurity ions.
The O3- produces a vibronic, 'glove-shaped' absorption band with about 8 'fingers' apparent in the transmission spectrum of ~1cm of crystal. The positions of the fingers are not strongly dependent on the nature of the cation in the crystal and Bill compared measurements of O3- in an argon matrix with the finger wavelengths in fluorite. His two sets of fluorite measurements are shown as red and black points marking the band absorption maxima in the plot.
This plot shows three independent measurements (with two spectrometers) of the transmission spectrum of a sample of yellow flourite from the Hilton mine in Cumbria, UK (see the two previous posts). These data have been transformed to absorbance per cm pathlength with the usual uncertainties of scale associated with the internal scattering in the imperfect sample and the difficulty of calibrating the transmission scale. All three measurements show the same pattern of absorption maxima given by Bill.
This O3- molecular ion, known as an ozonide, might be expected to have properties related to its gaseous cousin ozone, notwithstanding their very different local environments. The plot here includes the absorbance spectrum of the atmospheric Chappuis band of ozone corresponding to a pathlength of 8cm (chosen simply to compare at similar scales). The very similar vibronic structure is apparent. This atmospheric absorption band is the dominant physical effect in determining the colour of the twilight sky and is responsible for the very blue light during the hour before sunrise and after sunset commonly referred to by artists as "The Blue Hour". Here we have a beautiful yellow crystal exhibiting an absorption band of similar shape and structure which is shifted from the orange to the deep blue part of the spectrum, resulting in its complimentary colour.
This work was done in collaboration with Cran Cowan.
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Color of Life note
Biofluorescence results from the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at one wavelength by an organism, followed by its reemission at a longer and lower energy wavelength, visually resulting in green, orange, and red emission coloration. Many species of mantis shrimp, for example, make use of fluorescent body parts when in threat display in order to intimidate or confuse either a predator or a competing male.
Ref: Color sources, California Academy of Sciences Docent program May 2015
PLOS one Biofluorescence journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone...
TAXONOMY
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum:Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Stomatopoda
Family: Odontodactylidae
Genus/species: Odontodactylus scyllarus
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Beautifully colored in peacock colors of greens, blues, and reds. Has a green body, blue head, green antennal scales, red limbs. The body is elongated with a long, flattened , blue tail and ranges in size from 3–18 cm (1.2-7.0 in). Highly noticeable is the pair of clubbed-shaped, praying mantis-like claws.
DISTRIBUTION/HABITATS: Indo-Pacific Habitat: warm salt water and builds U-shaped burrows in gravel substrates. Depth ranges from 3-40 m (10-131 ft).
DIET IN THE WILD: Feeds on other shrimp, worms, snails, crabs, mollusks. Lies in wait for prey in front of burrow, then swims out and quickly crushes prey with a strong, powerful smash. The claw moves so quickly it generates cavitation bubbles, which explode with a second powerful burst. The speed with which the claw moves through the watergenerates a force 100 times the shrimp’s body weight.
REPRODUCTION: Monogamous. O. scyllarus mate, spawn, brood, and hatch their eggs in their burrows.
LONGEVITY: Often live in pairs for their entire lifetime (4-6 years).
PREDATORS: Yellow Fin tuna
CONSERVATION: IUCN Not Evaluated
REMARKS: Large peacock mantis shrimp generate forces powerful enough to crush the shell of a large conch, and have been known in captivity to break the glass of their tanks! Striking speed of 50+ mph.
The amazingly complex eyes of mantis shrimp detect 12 base colors (compared to our 3). They also can discern ultraviolet, infrared frequencies, and the polarization of light!
Water Planet Sensing AQJ16
References
California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Water Planet, Senses Cluster (Sight) 2016
Animal Diversity Web animaldiversity.org/accounts/Odontodactylus_scyllarus/
Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-We
Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608602469734/
9-8-11, 4-22-13, 8-17-15, 2016
Sonata Duo high performance acoustic absorbers suspended from the ceiling within a classroom at Manorfield School, Central London. Sonata Duo was used to meet the reverberation criteria of BB93 for Schools.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
Origin: Damasraya, West Sumatera
The three 404nm laser-excited spectra illustrate the effect of self-absorption of the fluorescence signal since the red amber absorbs the blue light so strongly even from a shallow depth.
Sonata Duo high performance acoustic absorbers suspended from the ceiling within a classroom at Manorfield School, Central London. Sonata Duo was used to meet the reverberation criteria of BB93 for Schools.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...