View allAll Photos Tagged absorption
- MERINO sheepskin lining offers all of the advantages of wool over synthetic fibers, providing efficient shock absorption and superior thermal comfort. Sheepskin contains lanolin, a natural substance, which soothes the horse's sensitive or inflamed skin. When sheepskin is set directly against the animal's body, it stimulates blood circulation and promotes a therapeutic effect.
- The Non-Slip mesh upper assures perfect grip and steadily secures the MerinoLUX Half-Pad under the saddle.
- Breathable 3-Dimensional Spacer fabric reduces heat build-up and provides excellent moisture vapor transfer.
- The black non-slip mesh is not visible under the saddle, conforming to the FEI rules and regulations.
- Optimum thickness of the MerinoLUX Half-Pad does not compromise the fit of the saddle.
Three of six cut zircons (Zr Si O_4) from my collection. These show the strongest absorption lines (from uranium). The largest of the three, a green Burmese stone, exhibits detectable radioactivity with my Geiger counter.
The luminescence spectra contain mostly rather diffuse bands (compared to the other three zircons). Most of these bands correspond to the groups of sharper emission lines seen in the weak absorption stones. The green stone appears to show a self-absorbed luminescence spectrum - particularly close to 650nm.
Batik Stamping
1. Prewash T-shirt to remove any finishes that may prevent absorption of dyes. Dry and iron if very wrinkled.
2. Cover table with plastic tablecloth.
3. Cut a rectangular piece of parchment paper about the size of the T-shirt and insert it between the layers of the T-shirt to prevent the resist and dyes from bleeding through to the backside. This paper stays in place thru the entire dyeing and microwave process.
4. Place T-shirt on sheets of plastic wrap that have been overlapped so plastic is slightly larger than shirt.
5. Plan placement of batik stamped design. Fold T-shirt in half to find center. Mark center with a pin.
6. Pour a small amount of Batik-EZ resist on a paper plate. Using a small brush, apply resist to the small flower stamp. Wipe off excess resist from stamp with end of brush. Wipe on paper towel. Then press one flower stamp in the center of the shirt just under the pin about ½” from neckline. Then stamp three overlapping leaves under the flower.
7. Continue to stamp more flowers and leaves in a pleasing manner around the neckline, working from center out toward shoulders.
6. Using the Batik EZ from the bottle, draw stems between the flower and leaves to create a vine effect.
Have fun creating your own design. Stamps can be placed anywhere – down a sleeve or around the hemline. Go Batik crazy, just remember to get some parchment between the layers of fabric to keep the resist from bleeding thru.
8. Let the Batik EZ resist dry or use a hair dryer to speed up the drying time.
Dyeing
1. Wearing rubber gloves, measure 1 teaspoon Tangerine, 1 teaspoon Sunshine Orange and ½ teaspoon Cocoa into a plastic container; add 2 cups very hot water (140º F); stir well. If tap water is not hot enough, heat water in the microwave or in a tea kettle.
Note: Dip a strip of paper towel or scrap fabric in the dye solution to check the color. If color is too dark, add more water. If it’s too light, add more dye.
2. Then dye-paint around the batik stamped design. Continue dye-painting using a wide brush with vertical strokes over the entire shirt. Turn shirt over and repeat dye-painting on the backside.
3. Measure and mix 2 teaspoons Purple dye and 1 teaspoon Fuchsia dye in a shallow plastic container; add 2 cups very hot water; stir well.
4. Dip a few inches of the bottom of the shirt and sleeves in dye solution for 1 minute, moving shirt gently up and down. Squeeze out excess dye.
5. Lay dipped shirt on plastic wrap. Place layer of plastic wrap over top and seal edges. Fold and place in the microwave.
6. Cover bottom of microwave with paper towels. Place plastic-wrapped T-shirt in microwave. Set on High for 2 minutes. Wearing rubber gloves, remove from microwave. Cut open plastic wrap. Allow fabric and wrap to cool. Remove the parchment paper.
7. Wearing rubber gloves, rinse T-shirt under cool running water until water runs clear. Wash in warm water with mild detergent, rinse and dry.
And there you have it!
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
Jojoba Oil Similar structure with human’s sebum, excellent absorption, moisturizing, soften skin without stickiness *Sweet Almond Oil Ease itching, specially for dry skin, recovers tired skin to soften Lip balm and tint combined lip brush container. Delivers moist lips anytime. Menthol ingredient gives cool feelings and plumping effect.
More natural and vivid color as time goes on!
Más info en Español: cosmeticacoreana.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/tony-moly-backst...
The Mulch Is An Abiotic Part Of The Ecosystem Because It Is Non-Living And Has To Be Produced By Man.
The twin role played by the skin – protection from excessive UV radiation and absorption of enough sunlight to trigger the production of vitamin D – means that people living in the lower latitudes, close to the Equator, with intense UV radiation, have developed darker skin to protect them from the damaging effects of UV radiation. In contrast, those living in the higher latitudes, closer to the Poles, have developed fair skin to maximize vitamin D production.
For any form of publication, please include the link to this page:
This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Emmanuelle Bournay, GRID-Arendal
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
Jojoba Oil Similar structure with human’s sebum, excellent absorption, moisturizing, soften skin without stickiness *Sweet Almond Oil Ease itching, specially for dry skin, recovers tired skin to soften Lip balm and tint combined lip brush container. Delivers moist lips anytime. Menthol ingredient gives cool feelings and plumping effect.
More natural and vivid color as time goes on!
Más info en Español: cosmeticacoreana.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/tony-moly-backst...
Easy to pull up and remove
Upto 12 hours of absorption ; Pant style diapers
Made from non woven, soft and breathable material that is gentle on your baby's skin
Zig-Zag channel top layer creates a larger absorbing area and helps in uniform liquid distribution
The bottom layer consists of gel magnets, which are hydrophilic in nature and absorbs large amounts of liquid to keep your baby dry
#help #prevent #leakage
Audimute sound absorption panels are great for homes, apartments, and more. Absorb up 100% of the mid and high frequencies in a space. Can be customized with ANY image, photo or logo - also available in over 600 fabric selections!
- MERINO sheepskin lining offers all of the advantages of wool over synthetic fibers, providing efficient shock absorption and superior thermal comfort. Sheepskin contains lanolin, a natural substance, which soothes the horse's sensitive or inflamed skin. When sheepskin is set directly against the animal's body, it stimulates blood circulation and promotes a therapeutic effect.
- The Non-Slip mesh upper assures perfect grip and steadily secures the MerinoLUX Half-Pad under the saddle.
- Breathable 3-Dimensional Spacer fabric reduces heat build-up and provides excellent moisture vapor transfer.
- The black non-slip mesh is not visible under the saddle, conforming to the FEI rules and regulations.
- Optimum thickness of the MerinoLUX Half-Pad does not compromise the fit of the saddle.
A comparison of pheophrbide-a with chlorophyll (bay-leaf extract in ethanol). This also shows the effects of self-absorption of the shorter wavelength emission.
Sonata Vario and Memo acoustic absorbers installed within the foyer of the Oriental Institute building at Oxford University. Many thanks to Phil Rust at the Oxford University Estates Directorate for his help with this project
06 August 2017
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Ventura, CA
A little self-awareness goes a really long way.
It’s totally different than self-absorption. I remember times where I directed way too much energy towards trying to craft some sort of image, to come across as a certain way, or to impress the right groups of people. It’s amazing how much time you can spend thinking about yourself without self-awareness.
Self-awarness takes honesty. Knowing your natural strengths, weaknesses, motivations, and tendencies can be such a difference-maker. The more I’ve understood these things about myself, the more I’ve understood the best ways for me to help people, things I should commit to that challenge me, and why the same event might trigger different reactions from me than other people I’m close to.
I’ve learned to embrace my adventurous side, while realizing that the things that grow me more are long term, patience-testing commitments. I’ve learned to appreciate the fact that I’m an inevitable optimist without expecting the same amount of belief from other people.
Everyone has their own path to growth, but it’s so much easier to commit to growth when you know your starting points.
This figure shows a full calculation of the mica fringe pattern using the methodology presented by R. Swanepoel, 1983, J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 16, 1214. (orange line). The observed data are shown as the blue line (visible JAZ spectrum) and the blue x (NIR NIRQUEST spectrum - which does not resolve the fringes below about 1100nm).
In the calculation, the absorption coefficient (giving the imaginary part of the refractive index) has been determined from transmission measurements (green line) of a thicker (0.63 ± 0.02 mm) mica flake.
For simplicity, I have used a value for n (the real part of the refractive index) which is a linear function of wavelength. This is not a very good approximation and should really be replaced by a more appropriate functional form. However, the model is a respectable fit to the data.
The black dots show the interference order calculated by the simple geometrical formula for transmission maxima (no phase change of pi as in reflection) are given by:
2 n d cos(beta) = m Lambda_t
where n is the refractive index (using the same linear function), d is the mica thickness, beta is the angle of refraction (inside the mica) = zero in this case, m is the order of the interference and Lambda_t is the wavelength of maximum transmission.
In this plot, the order, m, runs from 10 to 62.
This has been an interesting exercise for me in classical optics modelling and is, of course, very relevant for problems such as 'fringing' in CCD imaging.
Function: protection, secretion, absorption
Location: linings of uterus, stomach and intestines
Epithelial Tissue
Upto 12 hours of absorption ; Pant style diapers
Made from non woven, soft and breathable material that is gentle on your baby's skin
Zig-Zag channel top layer creates a larger absorbing area and helps in uniform liquid distribution
The bottom layer consists of gel magnets, which are hydrophilic in nature and absorbs large amounts of liquid to keep your baby dry
Triple locked enabled side cuffs, which help prevent leakage
There is an additional blue dispersion layer for a dry feel
#help #prevent #leakage
Balanced Calcium Formula To Deliver More Calcium
Are you taking the right kind of calcium supplement?
Are you sure that you are absorbing the calcium tablets you are taking?
With Nn Calcium Plus, you can be sure that you are getting the right form of calcium that allows maximum absorption for a lifetime of stronger bones.
Superior, balanced calcium formula with the essential nutrients, including Magnesium, Vitamin D, Manganese and Zinc, needed to optimise calcium absorption and utilisation in the body. Each easy-to-swallow tablet provides 1,050mg of Calcium citrate.
Vitamin D omproves calcium absorption in the intestines, directs calcium into the bones and suppresses the parathyroid hormones responsible for calcium loss from the bones. Manganese, on the other hand, accelerates the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides for bone matrix formation, while Zinc activates osteoblast (bone forming cells), and improves collagen and chondroitin synthesis for stronger joints. Most importantly, Magnesium ensures bones formed are more flexible and less brittle.
• No chalky taste
• Higher absorption - 2.5 times MORE bio-available than calcium carbonate*
• May be taken any time - even on an empty stomach
• Does not cause constipation or gas like conventional calcium tablets
*Based on research by University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, published in Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1999 Nov; 39(11):1151-4
Are you absorbing your calcium supplements?
You may not be getting the most out of the calcium that you are taking if it is not in the correct form. Studies confirmed that Calcium citrate is more superior to most commercial calcium supplements. Even if you have insufficient stomach acid like most people, you would still be able to absorb 45% of Calcium citrate supplements, in comparison to only 4% of Calcium carbonate supplement. When calcium isn't absorbed into your bones, it collects in your joints causing bone spurs (a symptom of arthritis), in your kidneys causing kidney stones, or in your blood vessels causing clogged arteries.
How strong are your bones?
Calcium alone doesn't protect your bones! In fact, too much calcium without magnesium can lead to the formation of brittle bones that break easily. Magnesium makes the bones more flexible and less prone to breaking. A good example is to observe the difference between chalk and ivory. Blackboard chalk is calcium carbonate. It breaks wasily when you drop it. Ivory, on the other hand, is a combination of calcium and magnesium. It bounces back without breaking when it's dropped. Similary you'd want your bones to be like ivory and not chalk.
What Calcium Can Do For You?
• Builds strong bones & teeth
• Prevents osteoporosis
• Relieves muscle cramps & twitches
• Alleviates insomnia & sleeping problems
• Reduces high blood pressure (Hypertension)
• Alleviates Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
COFFEE DRINKERS - BEWARE!
You lose about 5mg of calcium with each cup of coffee you drink. Unless you are replenishing the lost calcium, you may risk losing your bones.
Price - RM 35 each
promo price - Buy 2 items and get 50% off for third item (RM 20)
Payment:
- All orders pay by cash to maybank account
(112317104818 - Patricia) Cosway Distributor
- Proof of purchase email to onlinevipshopper@yahoo.com
- Also send a notisfication by sms to 012-2277141
- Rm 50 and above will get a mistery gift for free
Courier fees:
- Below 2 items RM 12
- 3-5 Items RM 18
- Above 6 items RM 25
Courier office : Skynet
Meriva®
A Breakthrough in Curcumin Absorption*
Whether taken as a supplement or from food, regular curcumin is generally poorly absorbed into the bloodstream. Working with Indena S.p.A., the worldwide experts in botanical extract technology, we have found the answer to better curcumin absorption – phytosome technology.* Two studies have shown Meriva Curcumin Phytosome to be significantly better absorbed than a standardized curcumin extract.*
Meriva (click on name to go to product pages)
For People Who Just Play Too HardTM
We all have occasional aches and pains from over-exertion. We play too hard, work too hard, and we pay for it with stiff joints and sore muscles. Meriva can help reduce the occasional stiffness and soreness we all experience.*
The body's normal inflammatory response is a natural process and a contributor to many reactions that go on in your body. This response happens automatically and is not something you can control. The primary objective of the body's normal inflammatory response is to isolate and eradicate irritants and then repair surrounding tissue.
What is "Normal Inflammatory Response?"
The term "normal inflammatory response" may not mean much to you, but its physical impact on your body is vitally important. It can arise from trauma, infection, or other influences, and is a normal process that encourages healing. From the slightest seemingly harmless bump on your arm to a major health concern, the body's normal inflammatory response is always at work to keep you as healthy as possible or to restore your health as best as it can. Of course, a lot of this depends on individual health.
The body's normal inflammatory response is the protective response of the body's tissues to irritation or injury. Sometimes this response can be prolonged due to a deficiency of essential fatty acids or other nutrients. In such cases, supplementation with beneficial fatty acids or other nutrients is often suggested. Sometimes there are other reasons for a prolonged inflammatory response and physical therapy or dietary changes may be helpful. For centuries, people have used natural chemicals found in plants (phytochemicals) to enhance the body's normal inflammatory response to injury or wear and tear. For example, the bark of the willow tree was used to relieve pain and discomfort more than 2,000 years ago by the Greeks and Romans and evolved into the aspirin we use today.
Curcumin – Supports the Body's Normal Inflammatory Response*
Turmeric, a well-known traditional herb, contains curcumin, a potent antioxidant that offers numerous health benefits.* Most of these benefits come from curcumin's strong antioxidant activity and its ability to support the body's normal inflammatory response.* Curcumin interacts with numerous biochemicals in the body to promote the body's normal inflammatory response and help keep this response functioning as it should.*
Emerging research suggests curcumin's antioxidant activity and support of the body's normal inflammatory response, as well as its potential to support already normal cholesterol levels, has a significant role to play in contributing to cardiovascular health, liver function, and joint health.*
Absorption You've Been Aching ForTM
The potential health benefits of curcumin are the subject of numerous ongoing clinical studies and have been featured in print media and television news programs. However, what makes curcumin so beneficial to the human body – its molecular structure – also makes it difficult to be absorbed into the bloodstream. If the curcumin isn't absorbed, it can't get to the body's cells that need it. To address this issue, Thorne Research has teamed up with Indena S.p.A., the worldwide experts in botanical extract technology, to bring you Meriva Curcumin Phytosome, a well-absorbed curcumin extract.*
Superior Absorption*
Phytosomes are plant extracts bound to phosphatidylcholine (fos-fa-tidal-ko-leen), which is an essential component of human cells. Our bodies make phosphatidylcholine, but we can also get it from food and supplements. When taken orally, phosphatidylcholine is very well absorbed.* To improve absorption, scientists at Indena found a way to attach curcumin to phosphatidylcholine – the result is Meriva! When you take Meriva your body readily absorbs the phosphatidylcholine and the curcumin attached to it, resulting in more curcumin reaching the cells that can benefit from it.*
Superior Bioavailability*
A 2007 study published in the journal Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology demonstrated Meriva's superior bioavailability compared to a standardized curcumin extract. This animal study noted a significantly greater amount of curcumin in the blood and tissue after dosing with Meriva. A human study compared blood levels of curcumin after dosing with 4 grams of a standardized curcuminoid extract to 450 mg Meriva curcuminoids (bound to phosphatidylcholine), and found similar blood levels of curcumin.
Ensure Superior Absorption When Purchasing Meriva
Thorne is the only company to provide Meriva in a patent-pending, time-release matrix, which causes the Meriva to be released slowly into the intestines, ensuring controlled absorption into the bloodstream.* This is similar to how nutrients are absorbed from a high-fiber meal. Non-time release products may absorb quickly – but in order to keep curcumin blood levels in your body consistent, more frequent dosing is required. Meriva-SR's sustained-release technology allows you to take it twice daily, because it is released more slowly into the body. Thorne Research does not add the flowing agent magnesium stearate to its Meriva product. This ensures you get only the purest product that contains no unnecessary ingredients that can inhibit the product's absorption. The whole concept with Meriva is that it can significantly increase the absorption of curcumin in the body; however, magnesium stearate may inhibit absorption. One reason physicians choose Thorne for their patients is that Thorne never uses magnesium stearate. Thorne is about purity and absorption.
Meriva-SR provides 250mg of curcumin phytosome per capsule in our patent-pending time-release matrix. Each bottle contains 120 vegetarian capsules.
Jojoba Oil Similar structure with human’s sebum, excellent absorption, moisturizing, soften skin without stickiness *Sweet Almond Oil Ease itching, specially for dry skin, recovers tired skin to soften Lip balm and tint combined lip brush container. Delivers moist lips anytime. Menthol ingredient gives cool feelings and plumping effect.
More natural and vivid color as time goes on!
Más info en Español: cosmeticacoreana.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/tony-moly-backst...
Sanlitun, Beijing
July 2012
China
Urban life
Ricoh GR Digital IV
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely I will probably say yes, just ask me first!
If you happen to be in one of my frames and have any objections to this.
Please contact me!
Please no glossy awards, scripted comments and big thumbnails back to your own work.
I will remove them..
Sonata Vario and Memo acoustic absorbers used within the hall at Brownhill School, Leeds
Full case study here: www.soundreduction.co.uk/Blog/Article/Acoustic-Treatment-...
Flying Scotsman at Great Yarmouth as part of the locomotives 100th. anniversary celebrations.
The Flying Scotsman has been described as the world's most famous steam locomotive
In July 1922, the Great Northern Railway (GNR) filed Engine Order No. 297 which gave the green-light for ten Class A1 4-6-2 'Pacific' locomotives to be built at the Doncaster Works. Designed by Nigel Gresley, the A1's were built to haul mainline and later express passenger trains and following the GNR's absorption into the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) after the amalgamation of 1923, A1's became a standard design. Flying Scotsman cost £7,944 to build, and was the first engine delivered to the newly formed LNER. It entered service on 24th. February 1923, carrying the GNR number of 1472 as the LNER had not yet decided on a numbering scheme. In February 1924 the locomotive acquired its name after the LNER's Flying Scotsman express service between London King's Cross and Edinburgh Waverley, and was assigned a new number, 4472.
Flying Scotsman became a flagship locomotive for the LNER, representing the company at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Park in 1924 and 1925. In 1928, the LNER decided to make The Flying Scotsman a non-stop service for the first time. 4472 became one of five A1's selected for the service, and hauled the inaugural service on 1st. May where it completed the journey in 8 hours and 3 minutes. For this, the locomotives ran with an upgraded tender which held nine long tons of coal and was fitted with a corridor connecting the footplate to the carriages, so a change of driver and fireman could take place while the train was moving. By replenishing water from the water trough system several times en route, these modifications allowed the A1's to travel the 392 miles (631 km) without stopping. Flying Scotsman ran with its corridor tender until October 1936, after which it reverted to the original type. In 1938, it was paired with a streamlined non-corridor tender, and ran with this type until its withdrawal in 1963.
On 30th. November 1934, Flying Scotsman became the first steam locomotive to reach the officially authenticated speed of 100 mph (161 km/h), while hauling a light test train between Leeds and London, and the publicity conscious LNER made much of the fact. Although the Great Western Railway's 3440 City of Truro was reported to have reached the same speed in 1904, the record was unreliable.
Following the success of Gresley's streamlined Class A4's introduced in 1935, Flying Scotsman was relegated to lesser duties but still worked on the main line and hauling passenger services. In 1943, as with all railway stock during World War II, the locomotive was painted black. In 1946, it was renumbered twice by Gresley's successor Edward Thompson, who devised a comprehensive renumbering scheme for the LNER. 4472 was initially assigned number 502, but an amendment to the system several months later led to its renumbering of 103.
In 1928, Gresley began to modify the A1's into an improved version, the Class A3, on a gradual basis. In 1945, the remaining unmodified A1's, which included Flying Scotsman, were reclassified as A10. 103 emerged as an A3 on 4 January 1947 with its original Apple Green livery. Its old 180 psi boiler was replaced with a 225 psi version and it was fitted with more efficient valves and cylinders.
Following the nationalisation of Britain's railways on 1st. January 1948, Flying Scotsman was renumbered E103 for several months, before almost all of the LNER locomotive numbers were increased by 60000, and Flying Scotsman became 60103 that December. Between 1949 and 1952 she wore a BR Express Blue livery, after which it was painted in BR Brunswick Green. On 4th. June 1950, now under British Railways ownership, Flying Scotsman was allocated to its new base at Leicester Central on the Great Central Railway, running passenger services to and from London Marylebone, London St Pancras, Leicester, Sheffield, and Manchester.
60103 returned to the East Coast Main Line in 1953, initially based in Grantham, before returning to London King's Cross in the following year. In December 1958, the locomotive was fitted with a double Kylchap chimney to improve performance and economy, but it caused soft exhaust and smoke drift that tended to obscure the driver's forward vision. The remedy was found in the German type smoke deflectors fitted at the end of 1961.
Amid rumours that British Railways would scrap Flying Scotsman, the Gresley A3 Preservation Society failed to raise the £3,000 to buy it. Businessman and railway enthusiast Alan Pegler stepped in and bought the locomotive for £3,500. Flying Scotsman ended service for British Railways on 14th. January 1963, hauling the 13:15 from London King's Cross to Leeds with the locomotive coming off at Doncaster. The event attracted considerable media interest. It had covered over 2.08 million miles, three weeks short of 40 years in operation.
Pegler immediately restored Flying Scotsman at the Doncaster Works as closely as possible to its LNER condition. It was renumbered 4472 and repainted in LNER Apple Green; the smoke deflectors were removed, the double chimney replaced by a single, and its standard tender was replaced with a corridor type.
Following an overhaul in the winter of 1968–69, Flying Scotsman toured the United States and Canada, hauling a 9 coach exhibition train to support British exports.
In 1972, Pegler, now £132,000 in debt with considerable unpaid bills, declared himself bankrupt and in August, arranged for the engine to be kept in storage at the US Army's Sharpe Depot in Lathrop, California to keep it from unpaid creditors, who by now were demanding payments and threatening legal action.
Amid fears of the engine's future, horticulturist and steam enthusiast Alan Bloom asked businessman William McAlpine to help save it. McAlpine agreed and within a few days paid off outstanding debts and bought the locomotive for £25,000. Flying Scotsman was shipped back to England via the Panama Canal. Upon arrival at Liverpool in February 1973, the engine travelled to Derby. McAlpine paid for its restoration at Derby Works and two subsequent overhauls in the 23 years that he owned and ran it. In 1986, McAlpine leased a former diesel locomotive maintenance shop at Southall Railway Centre in London, which became the new base for Flying Scotsman until 2004.
In October 1988, Flying Scotsman arrived in Australia to take part in the country's bicentenary celebrations as a central attraction in the Aus Steam '88 festival. During the course of the next year Flying Scotsman travelled more than 28,000 miles over Australian rails. On 8th. August 1989 Flying Scotsman set another record en route to Alice Springs from Melbourne, travelling 422 miles (679 km) from Parkes to Broken Hill non-stop, the longest such run by a steam locomotive ever recorded. The same journey also saw Flying Scotsman set its own haulage record when it took a 735 ton train over the 490 mile (790 km) leg between Tarcoola and Alice Springs.
Upon returning to Britain, Flying Scotsman returned to its former British Railways condition with its number changed to 60103, refitting of the smoke deflectors and double chimney, and repainted in BR Brunswick Green. It retired from the mainline in 1992, following the expiration of its running certificate. In 1993, McAlpine sold it to help pay off a mortgage on the locomotive. Music producer and railway enthusiast Pete Waterman became involved and the two formed Flying Scotsman Railways.
In April 1995, Flying Scotsman derailed on the Llangollen Railway, with all wheels coming off the track. When put back into steam, smoke emerged from a crack separating the boiler and the front cab. It was deemed a total failure and immediately withdrawn from service. It returned to Southall awaiting its next major overhaul
By 1996, McAlpine and Waterman had run into financial issues and put Flying Scotsman up for sale. On 23rd. February, Tony Marchington bought the locomotive, a set of Pullman coaches, and the Southall depot for £1.5 million. He spent a further £1 million on the locomotive's subsequent overhaul to mainline running condition, which lasted three years and at that point, the most extensive in its history.[65] It received an upgraded 250 psi boiler originally made for a Class A4, its livery was repainted in LNER Apple Green and it was renumbered 4472. Flying Scotsman's first run following the works was on 4th. July 1999, hauling The Inaugural Scotsman from London King's Cross to York, where an estimated one million people turned out to see it.
In 2002, Marchington was in financial difficulties and in September 2003 was declared bankrupt. A sealed bid auction for the locomotive was held on 2nd. April 2004. Amid fears it could be sold into foreign hands, the National Railway Museum (NRM) in York announced it would bid, and appealed for funds with a Save Our Scotsman campaign. It secured a winning bid of £2.3 million, 15% higher than the second highest bidder, and Flying Scotsman became a part of the NRM's national collection.
In 2004 and 2005, Flying Scotsman intermittently hauled special trains across Great Britain before undergoing numerous repairs, restorations and refits between 2006 and 2016. On 7th. January 2016, Flying Scotsman moved under its own steam for the first time since 2005 on the East Lancashire Railway, where it completed several low speed tests. Its inaugural mainline run was on 6th. February with The Winter Cumbrian Mountain Express from Carnforth to Carlisle. In April 2022, the engine was withdrawn for an overhaul in preparation for its centenary year in 2023. Following the work it will be certified to run on the mainline until 2029, after which it will run solely on heritage railways until 2032.
AN ATOMIC ABSORPTION MEASUREMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF METALLIC IONS.
THESE IONS ARE USED AS TRACERS IN DISPERSION STUDIES. THIS RESEARCH IS DONE TO DETERMINE LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF INJECTING CHEMICALS INTO SUBSURFACE RESERVOIRS.
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On the last day of our holiday I did the whale watch tour at Kaikoura on the east Coast of the South Island.
Just off the shore the very deep canyon Kaikoura Trench is a feeding zone for male sperm whales and they can be seen in these seas year round. It's an amazing trip I'd recommend to anyone.
Physeter macrocephalus
A marine mammal species, order Cetacea, a toothed whale (odontocete) having the largest brain of any animal. The name comes from the milky-white waxy substance, spermaceti, found in the animal's head. The sperm whale is the only living member of genus Physeter. A bull can grow to 20.5m long. It is the largest living toothed animal. The head can take up to one-third of the animal's length. It has a cosmopolitan distribution across the oceans. The species feeds on squid and fish, diving as deep as 3 kilometres which makes it the deepest diving mammal. Its diet includes giant squid and colossal squid. The sperm whale's clicking vocalization is the loudest sound produced by any animal, but its functions are uncertain. These whales live in groups called pods. Pods of females and their young live separately from older males. The females cooperate to protect and nurse their young. Females give birth every three to six years, and care for the calves for more than a decade. Over most of the period from the early 18th century until the late 20th century, the sperm whale was hunted to obtain spermaceti and other products, such as sperm oil and ambergris. Spermaceti found many important uses, such as candles, soap, cosmetics and machine oil. As a result of whaling, the sperm whale is currently listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. The sperm whale has few natural predators, since few are strong enough to successfully attack a healthy adult; orcas attack pods and kill calves. The sperm whale can live for more than 70 years.
The name sperm whale is an apocopation of spermaceti whale. Spermaceti is the semi-liquid, waxy substance found in the spermaceti organ or case in front of and above the skull bone and also in the junk, the area below the spermaceti organ and just above the upper jaw. The case consists of a soft white, waxy substance saturated with spermaceti oil. The junk is composed of cavities filled with the same wax and spermaceti oil and intervening connective tissue. The sperm whale is the largest toothed whale, with adult males measuring up to 20.5 metres (67 ft) long and weighing up to 57,000 kilograms. It is among the most sexually dimorphic of all cetaceans. At birth both sexes are about the same size, but mature males are typically 30% to 50% longer and three times as massive. The sperm whale's distinctive shape comes from its very large head, which is typically one-third of the animal's length. The blowhole is located very close to the front of the head and shifted to the whale's left. This gives rise to a distinctive bushy, forward-angled spray. The sperm whale's flukes are triangular and very thick. The whale lifts its flukes high out of the water as it begins a dive. It has a series of ridges on the back's caudal third instead of a dorsal fin. The largest ridge was called the 'hump' by whalers, and can be mistaken for a dorsal fin because of its shape. In contrast to the smooth skin of most large whales, its back skin is usually knobbly and has been likened to a prune by whale-watching enthusiasts. Skin is normally a uniform grey in color, though it may appear brown in sunlight. Albinos have also been reported. The sperm whale has 20 to 26 teeth on each side of its lower jaw. The teeth are cone-shaped and weigh up to 1 kilogram. The purpose of the teeth is unknown. Teeth do not appear to be necessary for capturing or eating squid, and well-fed animals have been found without teeth. One hypothesis is that the teeth are used in aggression between males. Bulls often show scars which seem to be caused by the teeth. Rudimentary teeth are also present in the upper jaw, but these rarely emerge into the mouth. Sperm whales, along with bottlenose whales and elephant seals, are the deepest-diving mammals believed to be able to reach 3 kilometres and remain submerged for 90 minutes. More typical dives are around 400 metres (1,300 ft) and 35 minutes in duration. The sperm whale has adapted to cope with drastic pressure changes when diving. The flexible ribcage allows lung collapse, reducing nitrogen intake, and metabolism can decrease to conserve oxygen. Myoglobin, which stores oxygen in muscle tissue, is much more abundant than in terrestrial animals. The blood has a high red blood cell density, which contain oxygen-carrying hemoglobin. The oxygenated blood can be directed towards the brain and other essential organs only when oxygen levels deplete. The spermaceti organ may also play a role by adjusting buoyancy. While sperm whales are well adapted to diving, repeated dives to great depths have long term effects. Bones show pitting that signals decompression sickness in humans. Older skeletons showed the most extensive pitting, whereas calves showed no damage. This damage may indicate that sperm whales are susceptible to decompression sickness, and sudden surfacing could be lethal to them. Between dives, the sperm whale surfaces to breathe for about eight minutes before diving again. Odontoceti (toothed whales) breathe air at the surface through a single, S-shaped blowhole. Sperm whales spout (breathe) 3–5 times per minute at rest, increasing to 6–7 times per minute after a dive. The blow is a noisy, single stream that rises up to 15 metres (49 ft) above the surface and points forward and left at a 45° angle. On average, females and juveniles blow every 12.5 seconds before dives, while large males blow every 17.5 seconds before dives. The brain is the largest known of any modern or extinct animal, weighing on average about 8 kilograms though the sperm whale has a lower encephalization quotient than many other whale and dolphin species, lower than that of non-human anthropoid apes and much lower than humans'. Like other toothed whales (suborder odontoceti), sperm whales use echolocation as one means to find food because their habitat has favorable acoustic characteristics and light absorption by water and suspended material limits visual range. The whale emits a focused wide angle beam of high-frequency clicks. Passing air generates sounds from the bony nares through the phonic lips (also known as "monkey lips"), a structure within the head. The skull, melon and various air sacs in the whale's head all play important roles in forming and focusing the beam of sound. The lower jaw is the primary echo reception path. A continuous fat-filled canal transmits received sounds to the inner ear. The spermaceti organs may help adjust the whale's buoyancy. Before diving, cold water enters the organ and it is likely that the blood vessels constrict, reducing blood flow and hence temperature. The wax therefore solidifies. The increase in specific density generates a down force of about 392 newtons (860 lb) and allows the whale to dive with less effort. During the hunt, oxygen consumption, together with blood vessel dilation, produces heat, and melts the spermaceti, increasing its buoyancy, enabling easy surfacing. The case may also aid echolocation. The organ's variable shape narrows or spreads the sound. The sperm whale has two nostrils. An external nostril forms the blow hole, and an internal nostril presses against the bag-like spermaceti container. The male's spermaceti organ is much larger than the female's. This may be a case of sexual selection, enabling males to compete for females using sound displays.