absorption photos on Flickr

Manganese violet pigment by Kremer by Bob Fosbury

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Manganese Ammonium Pyro Phosphate

Manganese Violet, PV 16 (No. 45350)

The three spectra show:

Violet line: The reflectance of the powdered pigment

Orange line: weak fluorescence under 404nm laser excitation

Green line: infrared fluorescence under 532nm laser excitation

In addition, the thin grey line is the 100% reference for the reflectance measurement.

Riboflavin, two colour fluorescence by Bob Fosbury

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A solution of riboflavin (vitamin B2 derived from the fungal mould Eremothecium ashbyii) in isopropyl alcohol. A violet laser shines into the side of a glass vial and reflects from a layer of undissolved crystals at the bottom.

The fluorescence in the solution is a pale green while that from the crystals is yellow. This difference in fluorescent colour from the 'powder' is the result of self absorption of the fluorescent photons as they escape their point of emission within the crystal.

Graflex Graphic 35 Test Film by Jean-Marc Célinan

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I received recently an unusual 35mm range-finder camera Graflex Graphic 35 made in the U.S.A. in 1955 (see below the details about Graflex company and the camera). After a complete inventory and blank mechanical/optical checking, I did a test film with a FOMAPAN 100. The light was metered using a Minolta Autometer III fitted with a 10° viewfinder for selective metering privileging this shadow areas.

The camera was equipped with an adapted French FOCA « Dyma » x3.5 36mm push-on filter plus the metal shade hood made for the FOCA Standard camera. To compensate the Dyma filter absorption the Autometer was set on 32 ISO instead of the nominal 100 ISO of the film. The Dyma FOCA filter is an original glass formula containing neodymium giving band-selective visible spectrum absorptions in the green and yellow so that proximate tonalities in these bands are better separated.

I did the all photos along the way to Lyon Saint-Jean, Lyon, France.

View Nr. 23: 1/50s f/4 focusing at 4.3 ft

(version without the small pancarte on the lower-right corner, suppressed by constructive AI)

Chapeaux, July 30,, 2026

Rue Saint-Jean

69001 Lyon

After the last view #37 exposed, the film was rewound to the taking cartridge and revealed in a Posso tank with 350 mL of Adox Adonal developer (identical to the original Agfa Rodinal in its formula of 1891) prepared at the dilution 1+50. The film was processed for 9min at 20°C.

The frames were then digitized using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) adapted to a macro Minolta Auto Bellow III with Minolta Bellow MD Macro lens 1:3.5 f=50mm and the dedicated slide duplicator Minolta. The light source was a LED panel (approx. 4x5') CineStill Cine-lite.

The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 15.4.1, June 2026) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as print files with frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.

———————————————

About the Graflex company and Graphic 35 camera:

Graflex (originally the Folmer & Schwing Manufacturing Company, founded in 1887 in New York) had long been renowned for its large- and medium-format press cameras (notably the Speed Graphic), which became the standard for photojournalism in the first half of the 20th century. After its acquisition by Kodak in 1905–1907, the works were moved to Rochester, New York. In 1926, following antitrust rulings, Graflex became independent again and continued production in Rochester until the early 1970s.

By the mid-1950s, large-format press cameras were losing ground to smaller, easier-to-use 35 mm cameras aimed at amateurs. Graflex responded by entering the 35 mm market. It had already marketed the Ciro 35 (derived from the earlier Cee-ay 35 of Candid Camera Corp., acquired via Ciro). In 1955 this design was thoroughly reworked into the Graphic 35.

Launch and Production

* Introduction: First shipments on 25 February 1955; press presentation on 8 March 1955 in New York.

* Manufacture: Body and final assembly in Rochester, N.Y. Lenses and shutters were imported from West Germany (Rodenstock or occasionally Enna “Graflar” 50 mm f/3.5 or f/2.8 lenses; Prontor-SVS leaf shutter, 1 s to 1/300 s + B, M/X sync, self-timer).

* Production period: Roughly August 1954 to July 1957 (sometimes listed as ending in 1958). Advertising continued into late 1960.

* Volume: Approximately 68,000 units (Graflex internal figures list 68,269 cameras distributed). Serial numbers began at 550,000 and later restarted at 1,100,000.

Introductory prices were about $77.50 (f/3.5) to $98–99.50 (f/2.8), making it one of the more affordable fully featured 35 mm rangefinders of its day.

Distinctive Features

* Push-button focusing on either side of the lens (“wing focusing”), invented by Graflex instrument maker Louis M. Traino, who received a $4,000 company award (roughly $35,000–40,000 in today’s money). A “Visi-Ready” distance scale was visible from above.

* Front-mounted, sideways-pull shutter-release lever.

* Spectramatic (later Universal Spectramatic) flash system, devised by engineering director Vernon Whitman: colour-coded bands that simplified aperture selection according to distance and guide number.

* Separate viewfinder and split-image rangefinder windows; film advance by knob (not coupled to shutter cocking, allowing intentional double exposures).

* Solid die-cast metal body with satin chrome finish and silver-grey leatherette covering (some later examples darker).

These features—especially the push-button focusing—were heavily promoted and helped the camera sell strongly in its first year.

After 1957–58 Graflex shifted to Japanese-made models (the Graphic/Century 35 series by Kowa, the Graphic Jet, etc.). The original Rochester-built Graphic 35 remains a characteristic mid-1950s American design: robust, unusually ergonomic in its controls, and still relatively affordable on the used market today.

It is one of the few non-Kodak 35 mm cameras actually made in Rochester and illustrates Graflex’s attempt to adapt to the postwar 35 mm amateur boom.

I did not find at now the optical formula of the lens. The lens takes 27mm screw-on filter and the external diameter is 32mm. With a little adaptation (rind made in a film canister cap...) one could fit the French FOCA filter push-on 36mm.

It seems that no lens cap was proposed for the Graphic 35. With a cap of Kodak 35mm canister, I made a plastic one to protect the front lens.

The range-finder is slightly off calibrated at infinite but it easy to correct the small shift to set the correct value on the distance scale that is only engraved in feet.

Uranus and Neptune, HST images and ESO spectra by Bob Fosbury

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'True colour' images from the Hubble Space Telescope:

hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/solar%20system...

Courtesy: NASA and Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona.

Albedo spectra:

Karkoschka, Erich

Spectrophotometry of the jovian planets and Titan at 300- to 1000-nm wavelength: The methane spectrum.

Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035), vol. 111, no. 1, p. 174-192

This is to show how methane absorption in the hydrogen/helium atmospheres of the outer planets give them a distinctly bluish tint. The vibrational overtones in the methane molecule extend from the infrared into the red part of the visible spectrum in a way rather similar to the water molecule.

The Flash Spectrum of the Sun by swap_82

In a flash, the visible spectrum of the Sun changed from absorption to emission on March 9 during the total solar eclipse. That fleeting moment, at the beginning the total eclipse phase, is captured by telephoto lens and diffraction grating in this image from clearing skies over Ternate, Indonesia. At left, the overwhelming light from the Sun is just blocked by the lunar disk. The normally dominant absorption spectrum of the solar photosphere is hidden. What remains, spread by the diffraction grating into the spectrum of colors to the right of the eclipsed Sun, are individual eclipse images. The images appear at each wavelength of light emitted by atoms along the thin visible arc of the solar chromosphere and in an enormous prominence extending beyond the Sun's upper limb. The brightest images, or strongest chromospheric emission lines, are due to Hydrogen atoms that produce the red hydrogen alpha emission at the far right and blue hydrogen beta emission to the left. In between, the bright yellow emission image is caused by atoms of Helium, an element only first discovered in the flash spectrum of the Sun. via NASA ift.tt/1pma33F

Tea saponin结构式 by shixun tan

茶皂素

Tea saponin is triterpenoid saponin substance abstracted from wild camellia fruit. The product tastes bitter and spicy. It stimulates mucous membrane of nose to lead to sneeze. The pure product is fine white column-shape crystalloid with strong moisture absorption ability. It presents apparent acidity to methyl red and is hard to be dissolved in non-water methanol, non-water ethanol, and cannot be dissolved in organic dissolvent like acetone, benzene and petroleum ehter. It's easy to be dissolved in water, water-contained methanol, water-contained ethanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride and pyridine etc. The saponin is easy to deposit when tea saponin is added with muriatic acid. Its melting point: 224.

Appearance: light yellow powder

The content of active matter: ≥80%

Foaming ability: 160~190mm Baumé degree: ≥20Be

Water-solubility: easy Foaming ability: 160~190mm

PH value: 5.0~6.0 pH value: 5.0~6.0

Application

The environment-protection type pesticide agent produced with the main body of tea saponin can be widely applied in insecticide and antiseptic to increase effects, dissolution and reduce toxin. Meanwhile, it's also a good organic pesticide on the account of the function of tea saponin and biotin and can stimulate the growing crops. The special pesticide made of tea saponin has effective eliminative function for cutworm, angleworm and eelworm without any soil pollution for environmental protection.

The application of tea saponin in aquatic and livestock breeding industry

The feedstuff additive made of tea saponin is effective substitute antibiotic and can reduce the diseases for both humans and animals so as to improve the whole aquatic breeding industry and eventually bring healthy meat for people.

Regarding the shrimp breeding, tea saponin can prevent the black-gill shrimp disease and control parasites as well as improve the ecdysis and growing. It can be made for pond-cleaning agent on the account of hemolysis and fish poison functions (3ppm will bring good effects) in order to kill harmful fish but no harm to shrimp (safe concentration is 20ppm). In livestock breeding, it can reduce the level of cholesterol inside the animals and develop low-cholesterol animal products.

The application of tea saponin in building industry

Tea saponin can be used as foaming agent and foam-stabilization agent in air-added concrete production. It has the degrease function and can improve aluminum spreading suspended character, enhance the stability of concrete setting, improve the air-hole structure to make the products firmer and more reliable. The effects are much better than honeylocust powder and nekal. The strong emulsification and dispersing can be applied to the production of paraffin emulsification agent which has been successively used in the fiberboard gel crafts and apparently reduces the moisture absorption of products and increases the waterproof capability and the fiberboard quality.

Tea saponin can also be used in sensitization, beer industries and anti-corruption production with wider and wider application range.

The application of tea saponin in daily-use chemical industry

The surface activation of tea saponin can be used for production of hair-washing agent such shampoo etc. It has good effects for hair washing, protection and inflammation diminishing and scurf elimination. Tea saponin can also be used for washing clothes and will not reduce color or shrink and therefore the textile will not lose luster.

The application of tea saponin in medicine

Tea saponin has apparent characteristics of anti-leakage and anti-inflammation. During the primary period of inflammation, it can normalize the permeating of capillary vessel; regulate blood sugar content, reduce cholesterol content, prevent cardiovascular disease; it has cough-relieving function and can cure the old people's bronchitis and various edema; it can also eliminate bacteria and restrain white monilia albicans, escherichia coli; it can also restrain the alcohol absorption, increase the alcohol dissolution so that it can be used for sobering up after being drunk.

The application of tea saponin in drainage in oil field

Tea saponin is a kind of large molecule quality net-shape structure surface activator with good foaming ability and strong anti-acid and salt-decomposing capability as well as large quantity of water-combination. It's a kind of good daily-use chemical surface activator and high-efficiency oil field foam drainage agent.

No_88 by David Hanes

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Color Absorption by Calsidyrose

I didn't know how much water distorts colors. Enlarge the chart (which was featured on the Atlantis Submarine informational brochure) to see how colors change "hues" as the psi changes.

From the Atlantis Submarine Tour brochure, from my daughter, who spent 6 weeks on Maui this summer, working at a Boy Scout Camp.

HOBO-Temperature-Carbon Dioxide-Sensor_TEL-7001 by Onset Data Loggers

The Telaire 7001 hand held Carbon Dioxide sensor feature patented Absorption Infrared technology. Each sensor measures CO2 and Temperature and can calculate and display real-time ventilation rates. When combined with the HOBO U12 or ZW Series it can record CO2 and when connected to the H22 or U30 Series can record Temperature & CO2. The Telaire comes with an adapter but also operates up to 70 hours on 4 AA batteries (not included).

www.onsetcomp.com/products/sensors/tel-7001

The City by Daan L / 陸達恩

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The Hague

March 2012

The Netherlands

Urban life in the Netherlands

Ricoh GRD IV

Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.

If you ask nicely i will probably say yes, just ask me first!

If you happen to be in one of my frames and have any objections to this.

Please contact me!

All rights reserve

China - Songrui ZHAO - A Research on Synthesis, Characterization and CO2 Absorptive Character of Pyridinium-based Ionic Liquids by EUCYS 2017

Butane-flame, core/sheath spectra by Bob Fosbury

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Spectra from two parts of a butane gas flame (air-mixed - top; unmixed gas - bottom). Compared with the candle flame, the near infrared contains much stronger emission bands of water. The deep blue colour of the flame sheath is due to the recombination of free electrons with positive ions. The strong emissions from the visible (blue-green) part of the flame are due mostly to the C_2 molecule (two carbon atoms) but also to CN and CH.

The orange line shows a black body (Planck) spectrum which corresponds to the brightest, white-yellow, part of a candle flame - similar to the yellow tip of the bottom image. The broad, light-orange band is the infrared camera bandpass.

AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field by AirField Systems

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AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field

74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field

Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:

AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)

Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency

Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments

AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it

Installation time measured in days instead of weeks

AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced

Water harvesting reclamation and reuse

Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits

A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance

100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface

Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage

AirDrain is a 100% recycled product

Less infill migration due to superior drainage

GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing

Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.

The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.

The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.

The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.

What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.

A typical AirDrain green roof

Phytoplankton in Cardigan Bay, spectra by Bob Fosbury

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The reflectance spectra were obtained using a Sekonic C-7000 spectroradiometer fitted with a collimating tube selecting a 12° diameter acceptance beam tapering to zero response at 30°. To obtain the spectral readings, the tube was pointed 20° above the horizon for the sky and and 15° below the horizon for the sea.

The Sun was behind me and there is little sign of direct specular reflection of it in the FoV. There is, however, a small amount of cross-talk between the upward and downward pointing beams due to the beam profile that will result in a small dilution of the derived reflectance signal.

The plot in this post shows the following spectra:

1. The relative radiance spectrum of the Sun after extinction by Rayleigh and aerosol scattering and ozone absorption with the solar altitude of 46°appropriate to the time and place of the measurement (top grey line);

2. The relative radiance measurement of the sky centred 20° above the horizon (dashed light blue line);

3. The relative radiance measurement of the sea centred 15° below the horizon (dashed dark blue line);

4. The ratio of the sea to the sky spectra as reflectance which represent the same angular acceptance angle for both pointings (continuous red line);

5. A scaled Planck curve for the colour temperature of the sea as measured by the Sekonic (lower dashed grey line);

6. a representative reflectance curve measures from a mixed mat of freshwater algae including red and green varieties (dotted green line).

The oscillation in the red line above 720nm arises from the different water and molecular oxygen paths in the beams from the sea and sky from the strong telluric bands in this spectral region.

This type of measurement is frequently made by Earth resource satellites to track algal blooms around the globe but I was curious to measure it myself although, at such a grazing angle, it cannot be directly compared with direct look-down measurements.

I was surprised at how strongly the chlorophyll 'red-edge' at 700nm appeared and at the clear presence of reflection peaks in the green and yellow parts of the spectrum due to biological photopigments.

For me, it was surprising what such a simple measurement could tell us about the presence of life close to Earth's surface.

Bond Street Elizabeth line station acoustic absorption ceiling by Elizabeth line Images

TACA Star Alliance A330 by TolgaEastCoast

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Thanks to the absorption into Avianca, some of their A330 flights are now flown by ex-TAI planes.

Cycloastragenol: Preserve Your DNA, Boost Your Vitality by Advanced Home Wellness

Web Link:

advancedhomewellness.com/cycloastragenol-protect-dna-telo...

Product Links

advancedhomewellness.com/product/example-1/

advancedhomewellness.com/product/stomach-acid-protected-s...

advancedhomewellness.com/product/cycloastragenol-98-10mg/

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Cycloastragenol: Preserve Your DNA, Boost Your Vitality, Prevent Early Aging and Extend Your Lifespan with Nature’s Fountain of Youth

Learn about the do’s and don’t of cycloastragenol and how it can help you preserve your DNA, helping to keep you young and vital for many decades.

The Nobel prize for science in 2009 went to a team at UCLA for their work in showing that aging is essentially what happens when our DNA strands get split ends, start to unravel and shorten in length. When the end of our DNA strands slowly unravels and the length shortens, cell replication becomes less and less precise.

They evidenced that shortened telomeres in our DNA strands are really the fundamental underlying cause for aging and degenerative disease.

Telomerase is the body’s natural way of maintaining the health of the ends of the strands of DNA. And usually somewhere in our 30s, the body stops producing enough natural telomerase and our DNA begins to shorten in length, thus the slow crawl of aging begins.

Of course, pharmaceutical companies have been researching ways to extend shortened telomeres and prevent them from shrinking, but it turns out that nature has already created a perfect compound to replace telomerase in the roots of astragalus.

Cycloastragenol is a nearly identical analogue to the natural telomerase in our body, which means it has the exact same DNA preserving effects. Studies have already been done showing that cycloastragenol can be profoundly beneficial in preserving the length of our telomeres.

But don’t just go taking cycloastragenol!

For starters, make sure you are around 40 years old or older.

You never want to take cycloastragenol before your telomerase starts to naturally decline. This is not a supplement for vitality. This is not a tonic for youthful vigor and strength. Concentrated cycloastragenol is basically telomerase, which you need to keep your DNA healthy. But if you take this supplement when you’re young, your body may stop producing its own.

Further, even if you are over 40, then you need to take it carefully.

It can make you very ill if you take too much, and especially if you take a lot with a full stomach. Its really best to lick your finger and dip it into the powder and dissolve a small amount of powder in your mouth on an empty stomach. You let your saliva digest it in your mouth, and swallow it back only once it is all liquid and tasteless, and drink some water afterward as well.

This is a good way to take it at first, and you can gradually build up to more. You may want to this daily if you in your 50s, 60s or 70s, as this will greatly help to preserve the length of your telomeres.

Cycloastragenol is being ignored by the mainstream medical industry and pharmaceutical companies especially -likely because they cannot patent it.

And so far there really are no effective drugs on the market to lengthen or preserve telomeres.

Now, Stanford can perform a surgery which does the trick, and they have actually managed to re-extend shortened telomeres, “reversing the clock” so to speak, with a new RNA technique. This is beyond the prowess of cycloastragenol, which preserves telomeres but does not re-lengthen them.

Despite the success of this experimental surgery at Stanford, there are still no pharmaceutical drugs on the market to re-lengthen telomeres, nor to preserve them.

And maybe that’s really for the best, I think, after all pharmaceuticals are notorious for unwanted side effects and unknown long-term complications.

And moreover, why create a chemical drug when nature has already provided the perfect solution? Oh yeah…. because you can’t patent it!

Really the only caveat with cycloastragenol is that it a whole lot more expensive than most natural supplements. But when you compare it with the cost of surgery at Stanford or the probable price of a comparative pharmaceutical product…well then it looks very cheap indeed.

You know, for someone in their late 30s or 40s, a hundred dollars worth is enough to last a year, as you really only need to take tiny amounts.

If you are in your 50s or 60s, then you may want to invest closer to $1000 a year on these products, as natural telomerase declines very steadily after 40. Even at $1000 a year, or around $85 a month, cycloastragenol is well worth the investment into preserving the integrity of the most fundamental and important part of our bodies, our DNA itself.