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Paul Ghanouni, Founder and criminal defense attorney of Ghanouni Teen & Young Adult Defense Firm, answers the question "What happens if I violate my special conditions of bond?". Reach out to our Woodstock office today at (770) 343-3935 to schedule a consultation if you are facing a criminal charge. www.pglawoffice.com/videos/
Olivia R. "Questioning brings perspective, perspective brings understanding and understanding is intelligence"
Seekers of Understanding make pilgrimages to sites that hold special meaning for them. This is true for those observing the urgings of their religion, those hoping for a miraculous cure, brain-dead Elvis fans that visit Graceland in hopes of communicating with The King, and people who want to reach a higher plane of existence. I fall into the last category.
The plateau of sandstone fins above Negro Bill Canyon is a sacred place where I can seek Oneness with the rock in an attempt to express my submission to the Great Wonder. On my early 2007 trip to Moab I was called once again to this temple of nature. But this visit was special in that it exposed me to something I thought I would never see in my physical lifetime: an aura center. As I wandered through the fins I became attracted by an unseen force; that force led me to this spot atop a huge sandstone fin.
Those In The know will instantly realize that this is an aura center, a rare place subject to intermittent beaming of sandstone auras into the Magnificent Ether. Sandstone is unique in that it beams auras without provocation, but it does so in very few places. The process of beaming releases energy at the rock-air interface, causing microscopic erosion of the sandstone surface. Over eons, this produces depressions in the rock called aura cavities. Every cavity represents a unique beaming event. (WARNING: Drinking rainwater found in an aura cavity water will cause a change to your physical shell that your spouse or significant other will not appreciate.)
My prone position was an attempt to maximize my chances of channeling some of the aura through my body. By doing so I hoped to transform myself from a somewhat wordy person to one who speaks or writes with a reasonable level of output, and thereby perhaps wins an award for conciseness.
Capturing the beam of sandstone aura is a daunting task of chance, akin to trying to cross the Pacific Ocean on a raft made of water-soluble reeds. I was unsuccessful with the channeling (was my hat's chin strap at fault?). Brevity still eludes me.
To fulfill his support role here, Joe Tripod straddled four aura cavities but did not stand in any of them.
Another hike exposed me to the largest aura cavity on record.
Preface:
This is a kind of prelude for things to come soon, for better understanding of the kits' origin, intention and what I will make of them. I procured these kits soon after their release, 2010 or so, dircetly from Japan, with the vague plan to use them in mecha dioramas, because. they offer some interesting building options like the armored excavator. Any they were quite cheap at the time of their release: just 1.200 yen, which is today less than EUR 7,-/USD 8 (but see below), and they were quite affordable – then.
However, when they arrived I was greatly disappointed because each of the kits is just a [i]single [/i]vehicle, and you get parts to just create [i]one [/i]of the types shown on the box - more or less a universal chassis with add-ons.
Then, both kits/sets are basically the same, but it's not obvious or what you'd expect: the chassis only differs through 8x8 wheels or tracks - with the benefit, that all "toppings" might be fully interchangeable, though. Then, the kits are VERY toylike, effectively snap-fit models with very rough details, even with poor solutions. And, worst of all: they are a kind of box-scale. I should have been warned because scale information is lacking on the boxes. I had naively expected a 1:72 scale, so that combining them with usual mecha kits in popular scales (that's how the kits were explicitly advertised!) would be easy and actually the idea behind their design and marketing. It's hard to tell what scale these things [i]actually [/i]are, esp. when the parts are still bagged and on their sprues, [i]somewhere [/i]between 1:72 and 1:48...
No, instead you get half-baked and IMHO poor toy stuff, "Made in China". So, highly disappointed, I put them on the large "shelf of doom" to collect dust, for years, until I recently remembered them and the Bandai Patlabor kits' odd if not unique 1:60 scale. Maybe [u]that [/u]could be a match and finally a motivation to build them?
I also considered selling them, because today these early MSG kits go for insane prices, esp. when you see what you get: EUR 75,- for NIB/mint kits is common (10 times what they were issued for. WTF?!?), and they even do not appear to be actually rare?!? But, no, I eventually followed my inspiration and will build (and improve!) them into something that fits into the Patlabor universe…
Kit #2 and its assembly
As you might have noticed in the earlier post showing the boxes for both kits, the second kit was tracked and designed like a more traditional tank. But while Kit #1 was already a disappointment with its stocky design and terrible wheels/suspension, Kit #2 turned out to be even worse—thanks to some deceptive box art photo-editing. Just compare the box art (especially the tracks) to the actual kit parts...
Again, the main hull required a fair bit of PSR (Putty, Sand, Repeat) to eliminate seam lines, but the basic assembly phase went quickly. Additionally, there were numerous unnecessary attachment holes scattered across the body, which I blanked off using styrene strips and filled/sanded smooth.
Changing and scratchbuilding a tracked running gear on a hull clearly never designed for it (especially regarding attachment points) was no easy task. My solution was the procurement of 3D-printed resin tracks and wheels, for an 1:72 M1 Abrams. Seeing the parts I ordered in real life I initially was sceptical about the 3D-printed wheels because they were tightly packed on the print bed, leaving me wondering how best to remove them. That turned out to be relatively straightforward using a mini die grinder and a micro saw blade. Once cleaned up, the sixteen road wheels looked much better than expected, and the single-piece drive sprockets feature excellent detail—though they would cause some major headaches later on...
The bigger question was: How do you attach resin/3D-printed running gear to a hull that was never designed to receive a realistically tracked suspension?
1.Hull Modifications: I started by cutting off the stock hull extensions from the out-of-the-box (OOB) track assemblies, blanked the sides with sheet styrene, and slightly widened the stock hull to push the tracks out into a proper stance.
2.Wheel Swap: Things escalated when I realized the M1-style road wheels were simply too small—both in overall scale and for mounting properly to the hull. Even though they fit the central guide horns of the tracks, I decided to swap them out, retaining only a single pair as front idlers (since they fit the track curve well).
3.The Merkava Rescue: I remembered having leftover Merkava wheels from a butchered ESCI kit I used in the late '90s for a walking-tank kitbash project! Although they lack the central channel for the track guide teeth, they were the best option available and offered far better scale proportions. I decided to run six Merkava wheels per side.
A new problem surfaced with the drive sprockets. Despite their sharp detail, being single-piece 3D prints meant the teeth were slightly "soft" and oversized. As a result:
•They didn't fit into the track links as intended.
•Even after sawing the sprockets in half, the teeth still wouldn't engage properly with the track links, requiring a bit of forced persuasion to mount... AAAARGH!
The challenges didn't end there—all the wheels still needed a physical mounting point on the Kotobukiya hull, which offers no standard mounting options for this setup.
To solve this, I mocked up the overall track position in 3D space to establish reference points for the idler and sprocket wheels (using scratchbuilt spacers). At the front, I sculpted organic-looking fairing "bulges" to plausible-looking suspension mounts.
Here’s a breakdown of the running gear modifications:
•Suspension: Added rough swing arms to bridge the 2D gap with the lower hull, along with custom spacers to keep the idlers and sprockets aligned.
•Track Sub-Assemblies: I dry-fitted the tracks into their final positions and glued the road wheels directly to the track links (with the first and last wheels already fixed in place). Since painting the running gear once fully attached to the hull would be nearly impossible, the plan is to complete each track/wheel assembly as a separate sub-assembly. They will be primed in black, painted, and weathered before being permanently attached under the tank. Wish me luck!
•Stance & Clearance: My scratchbuilt "prosthetic" suspension might not be perfect, but it’s a massive leap forward. Ground clearance is significantly higher now—originally, the running gear sat extremely low, looking more like a civilian excavator's hydrostatic drive than a proper armored fighting vehicle.
The upper deck layout is a bit inconclusive: there are cooling grilles behind the turret, but there is also a large hatch right behind the driver that looks like an engine bay cover. Ultimately, this modular, toy-like kit lacks real-world practical logic, so I decided to interpret it as a rear-engined vehicle—which also aligns with the rear placement of the drive sprockets.
With the core structural conversion finished, it was time to add the final scale hardware touches:
•Towing shackles at the front.
•A splash guard / projectile deflector mounted between the headlights.
•A triple smoke grenade launcher array (modified from the OOB parts, which originally looked like giant trash cans).
•A newly enlarged driver’s hatch.
•A ventilator dome/fairing on the turret roof.
•An upgraded gunner’s hatch.
•Small mast mounts for a spotlight and a crosswind sensor.
•A coaxial machine gun and an IR searchlight added to the turret.
To understand why the freeway is cracking and breaking apart, engineers must head into the field in the middle of the night and take samples or the concrete.
For each crack, they're trying to figure out if it's deep and is generated by a fundamental problem with the ground or whether it's superficial and comes from too much traffic on top. Understanding this is key to fixing the freeway the right way, a way that will last for another 20 years.
The way Hatha yoga is taught at AYM, isn’t taught anywhere else in Rishikesh. Hatha yoga means better understanding your body’s mechanics. It includes certain yoga poses to attain higher levels of energy. Over 40 yoga poses will be taught during the course that will transform the way you think, live and work in life. Join Us for a good cause - www.indianyogaassociation.com
WIPO Director General Francis Gurry (right) and Secretary General Olga Sirakova of the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property - known by its French acronym AIPPI (Association Internationale pour la Protection de la Propriete Intellectuelle) sign a memorandum of understanding, on May 1, 2019. AIPPI is one of the oldest NGOs in the field of IP,
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO License.
Understanding Eco-Fabrics Lecture - Seattle Design Center
TRAMMELL-GAGNÉ hosted an informative discussion with Brentano Design Director Iris Wang, the primary force behind the company’s Brentano Green collection of eco-friendly fabrics. Iris along with National Sales Manager Jeff Frank spook about Brentano’s firsthand discoveries and difficulties navigating the rapidly-growing world of green textiles. The presentation centered around the continually expanding Brentano Green Label, including the 2011 Spring introductions.
Brentano Green Label:
from the web: "Azaleas have been reclassified and are now in the genus Rhododendron. There are no clear cut lines for distinguishing all azaleas from all rhododendrons but here are a few characteristics to look for. True rhododendrons have 10 or more stamens which is 2 per lobe. Azaleas usually have 5 stamens or 1 per lobe." -www.nyrhododendron.org/pages/faqs/6azalea.html
Understanding the importance of six months of exclusive breastfeeding. Photo taken for Suaahara Program.
New powers and new types of power — Is history any help in understanding the 21st century?
Cyber-warfare. The sequencing of the human genome. Instant communication between peoples and countries. All this sets the 21st century apart from earlier centuries. Yet some actors on the international scene remain the same. Hard power still matters. Empires exist, even if they go by other names. Nations rise and fall, societies change, and ideas and ideologies remain potent.
Author and historian Margaret MacMillan explored how history can help us think about today’s world, and about the world of tomorrow.
www.idrc.ca/en/ev-158050-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
Nouvelles puissances et nouveaux types de pouvoir : l’histoire nous aide-t-elle à comprendre le XXIe siècle ?
La guerre électronique, le séquençage du génome humain, la communication instantanée entre les personnes et les pays : tous ces éléments différencient le XXIe siècle des précédents. Pourtant, certaines réalités de la scène internationale perdurent. Le pouvoir de contraindre demeure important, et les empires, même si le terme n’est plus utilisé, existent toujours. L’on assiste à l’essor et au déclin des nations, de même qu’à l’évolution des sociétés, mais la force des idées et des idéologies, elle, se fait encore sentir.
L’historienne et auteure de renom Margaret MacMillan a examiné comment l’histoire peut nous aider à comprendre le monde d’aujourd’hui et à envisager celui de demain.
បុគ្គលិក ACCB ជួបជាមួយសមាជិក YSEALI ដើម្បីនិយាយអំពីបញ្ហាសំខាន់ ដែលប៉ះពាល់ដល់សត្វព្រៃ និងជីវចំរុះក្នុងប្រទេសកម្ពុជា។
អ្នកចូលរួមសិក្ខាសាលា “YSEALI Generation: EARTH" រួមមានយុវជនយុវនារីអាយុពី 18-25 ឆ្នាំ មកពីប្រទេសប្រុយណេ កម្ពុជា ឥណ្ឌូនេស៊ី ឡាវ ម៉ាឡេស៊ី មីយ៉ាន់ម៉ា ហ្វីលីពីន សិង្ហបុរី ថៃ និង វៀតណាម។
ចំណុចផ្ដោតសំខាន់នៃកម្មវិធីនេះ គឺដើម្បីធ្វើឲ្យមានការយល់ស៊ីជម្រៅទៅ លើបញ្ហាប្រឈម ផ្នែកបរិស្ថាន ដែលតំបន់អាស៊ាន និងតំបន់ដទៃទៀតកំពុងមាន។
The "YSEALI Generation: EARTH" participants visit Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (ACCB) at Kbal Spean, Siem Reap.
ACCB staff meet with the YSEALI members to talk about critical issues affecting wildlife and biodiversity in Cambodia.
The U.S. Embassy brings together 72 young Southeast Asian leaders to Siem Reap for the workshop aiming to to foster a deeper understanding of challenges to the environment facing the ASEAN region and beyond.
Participants include young people between the age of 18-25 from Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
[U.S. Embassy photo by Un Yarat]
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Photographer: c'est moi
Model: tbd
Makeup: Austin
Couture: tdb
Troupe: Tiare Tashnick's Bogvillians
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[Strobist Info - ABR800 into bounce umbrella camera right. AB1600 thru softbox camera left. AB800 into PL64 over camera. Lit based on years of learning, struggling, wishing, wanting, and finally understanding how light can sculpt.]
Understanding child psychology: Parent should learn and understand how to deal with children so that they get good values in their life. They should know what they should do in front of kids and what they should not. Because children learn from what they see ...In this video Pujya Niruma gives good tips on how parents should deal with children.
Read more on how to bridge Generation gap? onto:
In English: www.dadabhagwan.org/path-to-happiness/relationship/parent...
In Hindi: hindi.dadabhagwan.org/path-to-happiness/relationship/pare...
In Gujarati: www.dadabhagwan.in/path-to-happiness/relationship/parent-...
History of the Museum
Scientific research and gathering in Austria found relatively late understanding and promotion. Indeed contained the chambers of art and curiosities of the Habsburgs also natural produce but for a long time they have been regarded as mere oddities, not as objects of scientific importance. It was not until Emperor Franz I. (Francis Stephen of Lorraine, 1745-1765), the husband of Maria Theresia, founded in 1748 with the purchase of the famous collection of Johann Baillous a private Naturalienkabinett. It was put up in accordance to Baillous' own scientific system in the Hofburg and was initially managed by this self.
The main emphasis was put on minerals and fossils as well as snail and mussel shells and corals. Plants and animals with soft parts were then (mainly because of the preparation problems) yet little appreciated as collector's items. They were held alive in botanical gardens and menageries.
After the death of Francis I the collection in which the Emperor had invested large sums of money was transferred into state ownership, reorganized and made twice a week accessible to the public. 1776 appointed Maria Theresa, particularly dear to her being mainly the earth sciences as a basis for mining and industry, the excellent mineralogist and montanist Ignaz von Born to Vienna and entrusted him with the systematic expansion of the collection. Born was a leader of the Enlightenment and Freemasonry, he might even have given the model for Sarastro in Mozart's "Magic Flute". With him for "Austria", definitely, dawned the scientific-technological age. The Naturalienkabinett (a cabinet of curiosities) then became a center of mineralogical research in Europe.
The nature-loving Emperor Franz II (I, 1792-1835) expanded the natural history collection for a private animal cabinet. The foundation for this were the trophies of the Habsburgs, which date back to Emperor Maximilian II (1564-1576), as well as the famous collection of prepared native vertebrates and insects of the falconer Joseph Natterer. After several reclassifications followed in 1807 the foundation of a separate plants cabinet. The Emperor lay with the gift of his Privatherbars (private plant collection) the foundation.
The exhibition practice around 1800 was marked by an often curious juxtaposition of little scientific and very progressive tendencies. The stuffed animals were shown in artificial landscape dioramas, ie already in ecological context. Alongside, however, stood also Stopfpräparate (stuffed compounds) of people of non-native breeds such as the "high princely Moor' Angelo Soliman, who came to literary fame.
The eminent scholar and organizer Carl Schreibers who from 1806 until 1851 headed the Natural History Collection, provided for key reforms in all areas. He extented all departments to major research centers and was supported not only by the museum officials, but also by a number of often highly skilled, unpaid volunteers.
On the occasion of the marriage of his daughter Leopoldina with the Brazilian crown prince Dom Pedro in 1817 sent Emperor Franz also well-known researchers to South America. Through their collecting activities, the growth of the museum's experienced a glorious climax. So stayed the zoologist Johann Natterer for 18 years in South America and established an in an exemplary manner documented collection of scientific and ethnographic objects for Vienna. This contributed significantly to the worldwide reputation of the museum, but also led to a decades-long lack of space.
With various, not always felicitous chosen emergency solutions on tried in vain to handle space problems sussesfully. During the revolutionary turmoil of 1848, the Imperial Palace was bombarded by imperial troops and partially set on fire. A part of the collection was destroyed, tragically, also many irreplaceable objects from the Brazilian material.
In the years after the Revolution, the collection was converted into an independent zoological, botanical and mineralogical Hofkabinett (Court cabinet). These cabinets with their extremely rich stocks offered not only ideal possibilities to explore, they contributed to the establishment of scientific disciplines in the university sector in 1870 also considerably to the formation of young scientists. The collections have been enhanced through exchange and purchases, by the collecting activities of the researchers as well as legacies, especially of scientifically inclined travelers, constantly . In addition, the by the Imperial Court generously funded cooperation with the Austrian navy became very important: Especially the circumnavigation of the world of the frigate "Novara" (1857-1859), which was attended by numerous excellent naturalist, gave an exceedingly rich collection of new material to the museum. The scientific word off should take decades.
This scientific Poiniergeist (pioneering spirit), reflecting the general belief in progress in the second half of the 18th Century, was facing the more and more oppressive need of space. Although Emperor Franz Joseph had already in 1857 the razing of the fortification lines around the city center ordered. On the cleared area should along a boulevard alongside other representative public buildings also new museums emerge. Up to the completion of this project, however, it was still a long way to go.
The liberal bourgeoisie then undergoing a steep political and economic upswing was inclined to replace the old cabinets through research and education centers for broad strata of the population and thus make its own cultural advancement clearly visible. But the neo-absolutist empire of the gradually decaying Habsburg monarchy, too, wanted erect itself a modern, artistically accomplished monument: A monumental Imperial Forum following the ancient example was planned, that should be reaching from the Imperial Palace to the royal stables. Realized of it was only a torso: the New Castle and Maria Theresa Square with Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History.
The internal organization of the new 'Imperial and Royal Natural History Court Museum", which on 10 August was officially opened in 1889, goes back to the great geologist, New Zealand researcher and first director of the museum, Ferdinand von Hochstetter, and has been preserved largely in its clear systematic today. However, the proliferation of resources and new demands on the research and display collection activities required new spatial and structural solutions. Thus, an underground storage was created in 1990, which extends under the building on four levels and in fully air-conditioned rooms keeps a portion of the collection material. Due to the roof extension (1991 to 1995) further collection, but also numerous new working rooms were gained.
The research, the preservation and completing of the major scientific collections and the presentation of selected natural objects to this day have not lost any of their topicalities. In a time of increasingly rapid destruction of our environment, they are more important than ever. Just as the white patches have become smaller on the map, penetrates the science into ever smaller areas. Long scanning electron microscope and X-ray equipment have replaced hand magnifier. In the permanent exhibition area visitors also have access to advanced optical devices, especially in "Microcosmos" ( Hall 21). The preservation of collection, too, follows modern conservation knowledge.
Over a century ago, the Museum hace been created for the systematic presentation - the diversity of nature sorted strung together, the palace-like building, the interplay of means and objects as well as the historic atmosphere giving it a distinctive character.
Even with the redesign of many exhibition halls systematic classification was basically retained to make the visitors aware of the immense diversity of life. However, the presentation is successively adapted to the museological requirements and needs of the 21st century. Also presented are interesting topics and new contents in a contemporary didactic form.
Copyright Museum of Natural History
www.wien-konkret.at/kultur/museum/naturhistorisches-museu...
Maestro, Daniel Barenboim, pianist and conductor and the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra during repetition at a concert for the Understanding of Civilizations and Human Rights in the United Nations in Geneva. 31 october 2015. UN Photo / Jean-Marc Ferré
2013 World Water Week.
Monday, September 2.
Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Swedish Ministry of Environment and the Chinese Ministry of Water Resources.
Photo: Peter Tvärberg, SIWI.
This photograph was taken at the Understanding Clifford's Tower event which took place at Clifford's Tower and the Hilton Hotel, York, on Sunday 25th January 2015.
Photograph taken by Sam Johnson.
History of the Museum
Scientific research and gathering in Austria found relatively late understanding and promotion. Indeed contained the chambers of art and curiosities of the Habsburgs also natural produce but for a long time they have been regarded as mere oddities, not as objects of scientific importance. It was not until Emperor Franz I. (Francis Stephen of Lorraine, 1745-1765), the husband of Maria Theresia, founded in 1748 with the purchase of the famous collection of Johann Baillous a private Naturalienkabinett. It was put up in accordance to Baillous' own scientific system in the Hofburg and was initially managed by this self.
The main emphasis was put on minerals and fossils as well as snail and mussel shells and corals. Plants and animals with soft parts were then (mainly because of the preparation problems) yet little appreciated as collector's items. They were held alive in botanical gardens and menageries.
After the death of Francis I the collection in which the Emperor had invested large sums of money was transferred into state ownership, reorganized and made twice a week accessible to the public. 1776 appointed Maria Theresa, particularly dear to her being mainly the earth sciences as a basis for mining and industry, the excellent mineralogist and montanist Ignaz von Born to Vienna and entrusted him with the systematic expansion of the collection. Born was a leader of the Enlightenment and Freemasonry, he might even have given the model for Sarastro in Mozart's "Magic Flute". With him for "Austria", definitely, dawned the scientific-technological age. The Naturalienkabinett (a cabinet of curiosities) then became a center of mineralogical research in Europe.
The nature-loving Emperor Franz II (I, 1792-1835) expanded the natural history collection for a private animal cabinet. The foundation for this were the trophies of the Habsburgs, which date back to Emperor Maximilian II (1564-1576), as well as the famous collection of prepared native vertebrates and insects of the falconer Joseph Natterer. After several reclassifications followed in 1807 the foundation of a separate plants cabinet. The Emperor lay with the gift of his Privatherbars (private plant collection) the foundation.
The exhibition practice around 1800 was marked by an often curious juxtaposition of little scientific and very progressive tendencies. The stuffed animals were shown in artificial landscape dioramas, ie already in ecological context. Alongside, however, stood also Stopfpräparate (stuffed compounds) of people of non-native breeds such as the "high princely Moor' Angelo Soliman, who came to literary fame.
The eminent scholar and organizer Carl Schreibers who from 1806 until 1851 headed the Natural History Collection, provided for key reforms in all areas. He extented all departments to major research centers and was supported not only by the museum officials, but also by a number of often highly skilled, unpaid volunteers.
On the occasion of the marriage of his daughter Leopoldina with the Brazilian crown prince Dom Pedro in 1817 sent Emperor Franz also well-known researchers to South America. Through their collecting activities, the growth of the museum's experienced a glorious climax. So stayed the zoologist Johann Natterer for 18 years in South America and established an in an exemplary manner documented collection of scientific and ethnographic objects for Vienna. This contributed significantly to the worldwide reputation of the museum, but also led to a decades-long lack of space.
With various, not always felicitous chosen emergency solutions on tried in vain to handle space problems sussesfully. During the revolutionary turmoil of 1848, the Imperial Palace was bombarded by imperial troops and partially set on fire. A part of the collection was destroyed, tragically, also many irreplaceable objects from the Brazilian material.
In the years after the Revolution, the collection was converted into an independent zoological, botanical and mineralogical Hofkabinett (Court cabinet). These cabinets with their extremely rich stocks offered not only ideal possibilities to explore, they contributed to the establishment of scientific disciplines in the university sector in 1870 also considerably to the formation of young scientists. The collections have been enhanced through exchange and purchases, by the collecting activities of the researchers as well as legacies, especially of scientifically inclined travelers, constantly . In addition, the by the Imperial Court generously funded cooperation with the Austrian navy became very important: Especially the circumnavigation of the world of the frigate "Novara" (1857-1859), which was attended by numerous excellent naturalist, gave an exceedingly rich collection of new material to the museum. The scientific word off should take decades.
This scientific Poiniergeist (pioneering spirit), reflecting the general belief in progress in the second half of the 18th Century, was facing the more and more oppressive need of space. Although Emperor Franz Joseph had already in 1857 the razing of the fortification lines around the city center ordered. On the cleared area should along a boulevard alongside other representative public buildings also new museums emerge. Up to the completion of this project, however, it was still a long way to go.
The liberal bourgeoisie then undergoing a steep political and economic upswing was inclined to replace the old cabinets through research and education centers for broad strata of the population and thus make its own cultural advancement clearly visible. But the neo-absolutist empire of the gradually decaying Habsburg monarchy, too, wanted erect itself a modern, artistically accomplished monument: A monumental Imperial Forum following the ancient example was planned, that should be reaching from the Imperial Palace to the royal stables. Realized of it was only a torso: the New Castle and Maria Theresa Square with Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History.
The internal organization of the new 'Imperial and Royal Natural History Court Museum", which on 10 August was officially opened in 1889, goes back to the great geologist, New Zealand researcher and first director of the museum, Ferdinand von Hochstetter, and has been preserved largely in its clear systematic today. However, the proliferation of resources and new demands on the research and display collection activities required new spatial and structural solutions. Thus, an underground storage was created in 1990, which extends under the building on four levels and in fully air-conditioned rooms keeps a portion of the collection material. Due to the roof extension (1991 to 1995) further collection, but also numerous new working rooms were gained.
The research, the preservation and completing of the major scientific collections and the presentation of selected natural objects to this day have not lost any of their topicalities. In a time of increasingly rapid destruction of our environment, they are more important than ever. Just as the white patches have become smaller on the map, penetrates the science into ever smaller areas. Long scanning electron microscope and X-ray equipment have replaced hand magnifier. In the permanent exhibition area visitors also have access to advanced optical devices, especially in "Microcosmos" ( Hall 21). The preservation of collection, too, follows modern conservation knowledge.
Over a century ago, the Museum hace been created for the systematic presentation - the diversity of nature sorted strung together, the palace-like building, the interplay of means and objects as well as the historic atmosphere giving it a distinctive character.
Even with the redesign of many exhibition halls systematic classification was basically retained to make the visitors aware of the immense diversity of life. However, the presentation is successively adapted to the museological requirements and needs of the 21st century. Also presented are interesting topics and new contents in a contemporary didactic form.
Copyright Museum of Natural History
www.wien-konkret.at/kultur/museum/naturhistorisches-museu...
Fatih Birol, Chief Economist, International Energy Agency, Paris; Global Agenda Council on the Future of Electricity at the World Economic Forum - Special Meeting on Unlocking Resources for Regional Development 2014 / Benedikt von Loebell
Listen up, Mom & Dad! Teenagers aren't weird beings from outer space! In fact, YOU were once a teenager!
Elvis Costello ends his set at Forest Hills Stadium with "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love and Understanding"
St Flannan’s Cathedral, Killaloe – a place of pilgrimage and prayer
by the Very Revd Gary Paulsen
A shoot shall come out from the stock of Jesse,
and a branch shall grow out of his roots.
The spirit of the Lord shall rest on him,
the spirit of wisdom and understanding,
the spirit of counsel and might,
the spirit of knowledge and the fear of the Lord.
His delight shall be in the fear of the Lord.
On that day the root of Jesse shall stand as a signal to the peoples;
the nations shall inquire of him, and his dwelling shall be glorious.
Isaiah 11: 1–3, 10
Lynda Christian is a local artist who offered to do something for the Cathedral, and the conversation began about her work and how it might feature in the Cathedral. The present idea arose from the scripture text above. Lynda is a multi–media artist and also specialises in metal art. She tries to use recycling metals, such as tin cans.
Lynda says: “It’s impossible to do exactly the same piece twice, as the metals are hand–cut and shaped. The metals will twist differently and join together differently each time. I like to mix the primary paints as I paint, so each piece keeps its individuality. I design innovatively – each piece is bespoke, unique with its own characteristics. I am often being inspired by ‘found art’, preferably rusty metals, discarded and rejected, getting a second lease of life.”
So the piece, right down to the materials used, depicts rejection that is taken–up and given new life. This piece of art which was commissioned for St Flannan’s Cathedral depicts an old stump, with new shoots growing from it. It reflects that something new can come from something that seems dead or has fallen like a tree. Often our lives can feel dead or broken through hurt, loss, depression, rejection and so on. The shoot does not grow from the centre, but from the edge of the stump. Sometimes from the fuzzy edges of our lives – in areas of unknowing, confusion, searching – can spring this new life which gives us hope, if we are open to the working of God’s spirit. The Christian hope of resurrection into a new reality is expressed in this piece of art.
Our emphasis in recent years is that the Cathedral in Killaloe is a place of pilgrimage and prayer. Our hope is that those who visit, or those who are regular worshippers, can experience the sacred mystery as a reality that is greater than ourselves or our circumstances. People in Ireland have always found places to express themselves in and through nature. One of the old customs is that people would tie a ribbon on a tree. We envisage that people will tie a prayer ribbon on this metal tree, a ribbon symbolizing their prayer intention. There is an ancient baptismal font just opposite the tree, expressing the significance of water and new life, with water also being the symbol of life and hope. Therefore we are combining ancient Celtic custom with our Christian tradition in the context of the Cathedral as an aid for people to express themselves. The tree of death has become a tree of hope and new life in Christ.
In recent months we have also developed a text with different points in the Cathedral for people to pause, reflect and pray. We are grateful to Jessica Brown for her work on a booklet as a help and tool for people going around the Cathedral, prayerfully reflecting on what is in the building and how it can move us to deeper connection with the holy mystery all around us. Jessica finds the corner of literature and theology fascinating. Her book The Grace to be Human is forthcoming this autumn with Kalos Press, and her children’s novel The River Boy was released in 2016. Having lived in Texas, California, New York, England and New Zealand, Jessica now lives in the west of Ireland with her husband and son. We are extremely fortunate to have Jessica and her family as part of our worshipping community at the Cathedral, as she is so willing to share her gifts with all of us and the wider community.
At the Harvest Festival service in the Cathedral on 15th October the Right Reverend Kenneth Kearon, Bishop of Limerick and Killaloe, dedicated the tree and the new booklet, which will be offered as aids to those coming to pray. We hope that many will make their way to the Cathedral as a pilgrimage, and be able to continue that journey as they explore the Cathedral with all its symbols, beauty and rich Christian heritage.
What if, instead of fixating on the end goal, our desire was rooted in the experience itself? In the journey, and every tantalizing and challenging experience that comes along with the magical, whimsical ride? This is in and of itself, the key element when it comes to understanding the energies that guide true Tantric play. To Know More Click at amandabiccum.com/beyond-sex-understanding-the-energies-th...!
On Sunday, February 19th the Jay Heritage Center hosted its 2nd free lecture in a series devoted to fostering a better understanding of the War of 1812 in this, the war's Bicentennial year. Dr. Allison Stagg, currently a Jane and Morgan Whitney Fellow at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, captivated her guests with a unique presentation on the origins and development of American Political Caricature before and during this period of conflict. In her preamble, Dr. Stagg introduced the audience to images of several European caricaturists like Britain's James Gillray and Scottsman, Isaac Cruikshank, who directly influenced the mannerisms of American practitioners like Amos Doolittle and fellow engraver, William Charles of New York and Philadelphia. She allowed how the War of 1812 fed the imagination of these enterprising men as they deftly transformed news bulletins of battles between warships like the Wasp, Peacock and Queen Charlotte into derisive animal characters; their vignettes poked fun at the Crown and Great Britain personified as "John Bull." Several caricatures in the slide show specifically lambasted Britain's defeat at the hands of Oliver Hazard Perry at Lake Erie. These drawings fed the populace's appetite for humor while also earning their creators a living through sales of these immediate patriotic images.
Dr. Stagg is editing her Ph.D. dissertation, “The Art of Wit: Political Caricature in the United States 1780-1830” for publication and hopes to return to JHC when it is completed.
This free program was sponsored by the NY Council for the Humanities.
Landscape lovers travelled to the old silver mining town of Aspen, Colorado this past June 23rd to join The Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF) for an unparalled series of private garden visits curated by
TCLF Co-Chair Kurt Culbertson, President of Design Workshop. The 2012 Aspen Garden Excursion, featured no less than 6 award-winning residential designs, all incorporating sustainable features ranging from water conservation to native plant choices responsive to the climate and ecology of the area. The sites were all breathtaking, and participants took in dramatic views from a preserve overlook to a streamside estate, from a contemporary mountain garden to a cascade garden. As one of the highlights, Kurt arranged for Jeff Berkus, architect of The Aspen Institute’s Doerr-Hosier Center, to lead a tour through the grounds which include Herbert Bayer’s striking 1955 Marble Garden and environmental artist Andy Goldsworthy’s red sandstone installation “Stone River.” Our group travelled from McLain Flats to Red Mountain and saw a great breadth of topography and creative treatments while also learning about the agricultural history and rich heritage of Aspen and its environs. The day was a great success.
To learn more about future events at The Cultural Landscape Foundation
The Jay Heritage Center is proud to partner with TCLF on our ongoing series of Sustainable Landscape Symposiums funded by a grant from Con Edison.
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A National Historic Landmark since 1993
Member of the African American Heritage Trail of Westchester County since 2004
Member of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area since 2009
On NY State's Path Through History (2013)
"Now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face. Now I know in part, then I shall understand fully."
--Paul (A.D. 1st cent.). 1 Corinthians 13:12
History of the Museum
Scientific research and gathering in Austria found relatively late understanding and promotion. Indeed contained the chambers of art and curiosities of the Habsburgs also natural produce but for a long time they have been regarded as mere oddities, not as objects of scientific importance. It was not until Emperor Franz I. (Francis Stephen of Lorraine, 1745-1765), the husband of Maria Theresia, founded in 1748 with the purchase of the famous collection of Johann Baillous a private Naturalienkabinett. It was put up in accordance to Baillous' own scientific system in the Hofburg and was initially managed by this self.
The main emphasis was put on minerals and fossils as well as snail and mussel shells and corals. Plants and animals with soft parts were then (mainly because of the preparation problems) yet little appreciated as collector's items. They were held alive in botanical gardens and menageries.
After the death of Francis I the collection in which the Emperor had invested large sums of money was transferred into state ownership, reorganized and made twice a week accessible to the public. 1776 appointed Maria Theresa, particularly dear to her being mainly the earth sciences as a basis for mining and industry, the excellent mineralogist and montanist Ignaz von Born to Vienna and entrusted him with the systematic expansion of the collection. Born was a leader of the Enlightenment and Freemasonry, he might even have given the model for Sarastro in Mozart's "Magic Flute". With him for "Austria", definitely, dawned the scientific-technological age. The Naturalienkabinett (a cabinet of curiosities) then became a center of mineralogical research in Europe.
The nature-loving Emperor Franz II (I, 1792-1835) expanded the natural history collection for a private animal cabinet. The foundation for this were the trophies of the Habsburgs, which date back to Emperor Maximilian II (1564-1576), as well as the famous collection of prepared native vertebrates and insects of the falconer Joseph Natterer. After several reclassifications followed in 1807 the foundation of a separate plants cabinet. The Emperor lay with the gift of his Privatherbars (private plant collection) the foundation.
The exhibition practice around 1800 was marked by an often curious juxtaposition of little scientific and very progressive tendencies. The stuffed animals were shown in artificial landscape dioramas, ie already in ecological context. Alongside, however, stood also Stopfpräparate (stuffed compounds) of people of non-native breeds such as the "high princely Moor' Angelo Soliman, who came to literary fame.
The eminent scholar and organizer Carl Schreibers who from 1806 until 1851 headed the Natural History Collection, provided for key reforms in all areas. He extented all departments to major research centers and was supported not only by the museum officials, but also by a number of often highly skilled, unpaid volunteers.
On the occasion of the marriage of his daughter Leopoldina with the Brazilian crown prince Dom Pedro in 1817 sent Emperor Franz also well-known researchers to South America. Through their collecting activities, the growth of the museum's experienced a glorious climax. So stayed the zoologist Johann Natterer for 18 years in South America and established an in an exemplary manner documented collection of scientific and ethnographic objects for Vienna. This contributed significantly to the worldwide reputation of the museum, but also led to a decades-long lack of space.
With various, not always felicitous chosen emergency solutions on tried in vain to handle space problems sussesfully. During the revolutionary turmoil of 1848, the Imperial Palace was bombarded by imperial troops and partially set on fire. A part of the collection was destroyed, tragically, also many irreplaceable objects from the Brazilian material.
In the years after the Revolution, the collection was converted into an independent zoological, botanical and mineralogical Hofkabinett (Court cabinet). These cabinets with their extremely rich stocks offered not only ideal possibilities to explore, they contributed to the establishment of scientific disciplines in the university sector in 1870 also considerably to the formation of young scientists. The collections have been enhanced through exchange and purchases, by the collecting activities of the researchers as well as legacies, especially of scientifically inclined travelers, constantly . In addition, the by the Imperial Court generously funded cooperation with the Austrian navy became very important: Especially the circumnavigation of the world of the frigate "Novara" (1857-1859), which was attended by numerous excellent naturalist, gave an exceedingly rich collection of new material to the museum. The scientific word off should take decades.
This scientific Poiniergeist (pioneering spirit), reflecting the general belief in progress in the second half of the 18th Century, was facing the more and more oppressive need of space. Although Emperor Franz Joseph had already in 1857 the razing of the fortification lines around the city center ordered. On the cleared area should along a boulevard alongside other representative public buildings also new museums emerge. Up to the completion of this project, however, it was still a long way to go.
The liberal bourgeoisie then undergoing a steep political and economic upswing was inclined to replace the old cabinets through research and education centers for broad strata of the population and thus make its own cultural advancement clearly visible. But the neo-absolutist empire of the gradually decaying Habsburg monarchy, too, wanted erect itself a modern, artistically accomplished monument: A monumental Imperial Forum following the ancient example was planned, that should be reaching from the Imperial Palace to the royal stables. Realized of it was only a torso: the New Castle and Maria Theresa Square with Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History.
The internal organization of the new 'Imperial and Royal Natural History Court Museum", which on 10 August was officially opened in 1889, goes back to the great geologist, New Zealand researcher and first director of the museum, Ferdinand von Hochstetter, and has been preserved largely in its clear systematic today. However, the proliferation of resources and new demands on the research and display collection activities required new spatial and structural solutions. Thus, an underground storage was created in 1990, which extends under the building on four levels and in fully air-conditioned rooms keeps a portion of the collection material. Due to the roof extension (1991 to 1995) further collection, but also numerous new working rooms were gained.
The research, the preservation and completing of the major scientific collections and the presentation of selected natural objects to this day have not lost any of their topicalities. In a time of increasingly rapid destruction of our environment, they are more important than ever. Just as the white patches have become smaller on the map, penetrates the science into ever smaller areas. Long scanning electron microscope and X-ray equipment have replaced hand magnifier. In the permanent exhibition area visitors also have access to advanced optical devices, especially in "Microcosmos" ( Hall 21). The preservation of collection, too, follows modern conservation knowledge.
Over a century ago, the Museum hace been created for the systematic presentation - the diversity of nature sorted strung together, the palace-like building, the interplay of means and objects as well as the historic atmosphere giving it a distinctive character.
Even with the redesign of many exhibition halls systematic classification was basically retained to make the visitors aware of the immense diversity of life. However, the presentation is successively adapted to the museological requirements and needs of the 21st century. Also presented are interesting topics and new contents in a contemporary didactic form.
Copyright Museum of Natural History
www.wien-konkret.at/kultur/museum/naturhistorisches-museu...
SMITH, GOLDWIN, writer, journalist, and controversialist; b. 13 Aug. 1823 in Reading, England, son of Richard Pritchard Smith, an Oxford-educated physician and railway promoter and director, and Elizabeth Breton, and the only one of their seven children to survive to adulthood; d. 7 June 1910 in Toronto.
After attending a private school and Eton College, Goldwin Smith in 1841 went to Christ Church and then in 1842 to Magdalen College, both at Oxford. He was awarded a first class in literae humaniores and obtained a ba in 1845 and an ma in 1848. He also carried off a series of prizes in classical studies, including one for a Latin essay on the position of women in ancient Greece. He both translated and wrote Latin verse, interests he would retain throughout his life. His education was intended as a preparation for the law and in 1842 his name had been entered at Lincoln’s Inn. He was called to the bar in 1850 but he never pursued a legal career.
When Smith was at Oxford the university was racked with religious controversy which focused on John Henry Newman and the Oxford Movement. Smith apparently admired Newman’s style but he was repelled by the movement’s ritualistic tendencies and its affinities with Roman Catholicism. Although he was a member of the Church of England, as was required of all Oxford students at the time, his mother’s Huguenot background may have contributed to his developing religious liberalism and dislike of clericalism. He would remain interested in religious issues until the end of his life, but his knowledge of theology was superficial. In addition, his understanding of the scientific controversies that were beginning to arise in pre-Darwinian Oxford was modest and was probably gained at the geological lectures of William Buckland, who upheld William Paley’s view that God’s existence was demonstrated by design in nature. Although Smith would come to accept a version of evolution and to realize, as he wrote in 1883, that it had “wrought a great revolution,” he never fully understood Charles Darwin’s hypothesis.
Smith spent the late 1840s in London and in travels on the Continent with Oxford friends. His growing interest in liberal reforms, especially in reducing the privileged status of the Church of England, was stimulated by events and personalities at home and abroad, though he quickly joined the side of authority during the Chartist disturbances in 1848. His first reformist thrusts were directed at Oxford. A fellow in civil law at University College from 1846, he joined in a demand for a reduction in clerical control over the university. Partly as a result of the agitation, which included letters from Smith to the Times of London in 1850, a royal commission, with Smith as assistant secretary, was struck in that year to investigate the university. The commission reported in 1852 and the Oxford University Act two years later relaxed but did not abolish religious tests.
During his years with the royal commission Smith widened his contacts in the political and intellectual world and turned to journalism, which was to be his permanent vocation. In 1850 he began contributing to the Morning Chronicle and in 1855 to the Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art, both published in London, reviewing poetry and advocating university reform. In 1858 he was made a member of a new royal commission, chaired by the Duke of Newcastle, to examine Britain’s educational system, and he wrote part of the report which appeared in 1862. Meanwhile, also in 1858, the Conservative government of Lord Derby appointed Smith regius professor of modern history at Oxford. This post carried such prestige that Smith, who was only 35, might have been expected to settle into it for the rest of his life. In 1861 he indicated his intention to withdraw from active journalism and devote himself to his new profession as an historian. He apparently planned to write some serious scholarly works, but this goal proved incompatible with his intense interest in contemporary affairs. Lack of detachment was the most prominent characteristic of Smith’s historical writing. He always knew which side was right. For him history was not an arid, scientific search for objective accuracy. “History,” he argued, “without moral philosophy, is a mere string of facts; and moral philosophy, without history, is apt to become a dream.”
Smith used his chair largely to engage in controversies over political and religious questions. Although he was undoubtedly a stimulating and devoted lecturer and tutor, he showed no interest in original research and published nothing of scholarly merit. His later historical publications and literary biographies, including histories of the United States and the United Kingdom and studies on William Cowper and Jane Austen, were little more than a reworking of secondary sources usually spiced up with a dose of his principles and prejudices. He was a man of letters, not a research scholar, and he also published travel books and Latin and Greek authors in translation. His first book was typical. Of his five Lectures on modern history (1861), three dealt with religious controversies related to rationalism and agnosticism, another with the idea of progress, and only one with a historical topic, the founding of the American colonies. Though denying that history was a science, Smith was quite prepared to draw moral laws from his reading of the past. In the first place, he considered “the laws of the production and distribution of wealth . . . the most beautiful and wonderful of the natural laws of God. . . . To buy in the cheapest and sell in the dearest market, the supposed concentration of economical selfishness, is simply to fulfil the commands of the Creator.” These laws, discovered by Adam Smith, whom he viewed as a prophet, expressed a tenet of political economy from which he would never deviate: a market economy guided by the “hidden hand” was divinely sanctioned and if faithfully observed would lead to a just social order. Secondly, Smith’s reading of history convinced him that religion provided the cement holding the social order in place. “Religion,” he warned those who contended that progress had made Christianity obsolete, “is the very core, centre, and vital support of our social and political organization; so that without a religion the civil tie would be loosened, personal would completely prevail over public motives, selfish ambition and cupidity would break loose in all directions, and society and the body politic would be in danger of dissolution.”
To these lessons of history Smith added a third which would serve as a permanent guide to his judgements on the way of the world, a conviction that “colonial emancipation” should take place as rapidly as possible because it was – except for India and Ireland – inevitable. This conclusion appeared in a series of articles published in the London Daily News in 1862–63 and then in pamphlet form as The empire in 1863. There he presented a distillation of the opinions of his friends John Bright, Richard Cobden, and others of the so-called Manchester school who believed that Britain’s economic power, under free trade, was so great that the formal, political empire could be disbanded without economic loss. The lesson of the American revolution, for Smith a disaster which had divided the Anglo-Saxon people, was simply that colonies should be allowed to grow naturally into nations. Once they were freed of the yoke of dependency, “something in the nature of a great Anglo-Saxon federation may, in substance if not form, spontaneously arise out of affinity and mutual affection.” Though condemned by the Times and attacked by Benjamin Disraeli as one of the “prigs and pedants” who should make way for statesmen, Smith clung tenaciously to his anti-imperial faith.
A drastic alteration in Smith’s personal circumstances led to his departure from England in 1868. He had resigned his chair at Oxford in 1866 in order to attend to his father, who had suffered permanent injury in a railway accident. In the autumn of 1867, when Smith was briefly absent, his father took his own life. Doubtless blaming himself for the tragedy – and now without an Oxford appointment – he decided to travel to North America, which he had previously visited in 1864, when Andrew Dickson White, president of Cornell University at Ithaca, N.Y., invited him to take up a teaching post at the newly founded institution. Smith was attracted by the determination of its founder, Ezra Cornell, to organize a university that was non-sectarian and open to all classes of society, though he had no sympathy for its commitment to coeducation. He remained at Cornell on a full-time basis for only two years but his connection with the university, which in 1906 named a building after him, continued for life. Whether it was the climate or the presence of women, admitted in 1869, that caused Smith to leave, he decided in 1871 to move to Toronto and to be near some relatives. Four years later that move became permanent as a consequence of his marriage in Toronto on 3 Sept. 1875 to William Henry Boulton*’s widow, Harriet Elizabeth Mann, née Dixon, who was two years his junior, an American by birth, and possessor of a significant fortune which included the estate named the Grange. Smith settled into a late-blooming marital bliss and the Grange’s affluent surroundings with ease: “a union for the afternoon and evening of life,” he told his American friend Charles Eliot Norton. He was, as he remarked after Harriet died in 1909, “finally bound to Canada by the happiest event of my life.”
The marriage, a personal healing of the unfortunate breach of 1776, was an extremely successful one. After years of transiency and a life seemingly limited to male friendships, Smith had found a perfect mate. His new wife was socially sophisticated and apparently utterly devoted to her austere husband who, in contrast to her first, spent his waking hours in reading, writing, and good talk. His circle of friends and visitors, the intellectual élite of the English-speaking world, joined local celebrities and politicians in the drawing-room of the Grange. “Here one is suddenly set down in an old English house,” Albert Venn Dicey wrote, “surrounded by grounds, with old four-post beds, old servants, all English, and English hosts . . . an English mansion in some English county.” For the remaining 35 years of his life, Smith lived in Canada, but he was never quite of it. From his “English mansion,” this talented and acerbic political and literary critic would hurl his jeremiads at a world that irritatingly deviated from the Manchester liberal faith in which he was steeped.
The move to Canada and marriage and domestic tranquillity did nothing to diminish Smith’s intellectual energy or his eagerness to improve public morality. Indeed, what he viewed as the underdeveloped, overly partisan state of Canadian public discussion spurred him on to greater effort. No sooner had he arrived in Toronto than he began reviewing for the Globe, but he quickly fell out with George Brown*, the paper’s proprietor, whose dogmatic righteousness brooked no competition. Smith soon turned to a series of attempts to establish independent organs, though independence usually meant agreement with Smith. First, he assisted Graeme Mercer Adam* in the founding of the Canadian Monthly and National Review (Toronto), where in February 1872 he adopted the nom de plume that would become his most characteristic signature, A Bystander. It was intended to imply that he was an outsider and therefore detached and analytical. In fact, it was soon obvious enough to readers that the author was a committed, often fierce, partisan, even if somewhat of an outsider. When the supporters of the Canada First movement launched the Nation in Toronto in 1874, Smith signed on as one of the principal contributors, both financially and as a writer. Then, in April 1876, he participated in a more ambitious project, the establishment, with John Ross Robertson* as publisher, of the Evening Telegram, a daily to compete with Brown’s Globe. It soon developed Conservative sympathies and Smith departed.
In June 1878 Smith returned to Toronto following an 18-month sojourn with Harriet in England more convinced than ever that the country needed the benefit of his intellectual guidance. Within a year he opened his own one-man show, the Bystander, subtitled “A monthly review of current events, Canadian and general.” The performance was a breathtaking one. For three years Smith’s outpourings filled its pages with brilliant, opinionated comment on virtually every political, cultural, and intellectual development in Europe and North America. He was determined to broaden the mental horizons of Canadians and by 1880 was pleased to admit that “the great questions of religious philosophy are beginning to engage a good many Canadian minds.” He expounded Adam Smith’s political economy, denounced women’s suffrage as a threat to the family, warned of the dangers of Herbert Spencer’s social Darwinism, castigated Bismarck, expatiated on the Eastern Question, and sniped at Disraeli. He even found space, when Sarah Bernhardt visited Canada in 1881, to agree with Bishop Édouard-Charles Fabre* and the Presbyterian (Montreal) in condemning her for her unsanctified liaisons. The Bystander’s suspicious eye frequently detected clerical power in Quebec and Ireland, and Jewish control over the European press. When Smith decided to give his active pen a rest in June 1881, he had established himself as a vigorous intellectual voice in Canada. A second series of the Bystander, this time published quarterly from January to October 1883, began after his return from another lengthy stay in England. The third and final series appeared between October 1889 and September 1890. In the interim he lent his support to another new journal, the Week, edited by Charles George Douglas Roberts*, which began publication in December 1883. Smith’s final venture in Canadian journalism came in 1896 when he acquired a controlling interest in the faltering Canada Farmers’ Sun (Toronto), a paper which, under George Weston Wrigley, had actively supported such radical causes as the political insurgency of the Patrons of Industry. The Bystander promptly put the paper back on orthodox rails by calling for free trade, retrenchment, and opposition to Canadian participation in the South African War. All of this activity still left time for a flood of articles in the international press: the Fortnightly Review, the Contemporary Review, and the Nineteenth Century, a Monthly Review in London, the Atlantic Monthly in Boston, and the Sun, the Nation, and the Forum in New York. Indeed, he published in any daily or monthly that would print his articles, reviews, and letters. His output was prodigious, the writing crisp and often epigrammatic.
Smith’s activities were not confined to intellectual labour. A public-spirited person, he devoted both money and energy to a variety of causes. Civic affairs especially concerned him for he believed that local governments should take greater responsibility for the welfare of citizens than was the case in Toronto. He chaired a citizens’ reform committee, advocated the commission system for city government, fought for the preservation and extension of parks for public recreation, campaigned for Sunday streetcars, and opposed free public lending libraries. (“A novel library,” he told Andrew Carnegie, “is to women mentally pretty much what the saloon is physically to men.”) He was distressed by problems of urban unemployment and poverty, and contributed generously to such charities and benevolent societies as the Associated City Charities of Toronto, which he founded, and the St Vincent de Paul Society. He also supported the building of a synagogue. For two decades he urged the appointment of a city welfare officer to supervise grants to social agencies, a cause that succeeded in 1893 only after Smith agreed to pay the officer’s salary for the first two years. Underlying these and other humanitarian endeavours was a philosophy of noblesse oblige, the Christian duty of the fortunate towards their weaker brethren. He feared that the failure of Christian voluntary charity would increase the popularity of those who advocated radical social programs. “Care for their own safety, then, as well as higher considerations, counsels the natural leaders of society to be at the post of duty,” Smith told a conference of the combined charities of Toronto in May 1889.
Education was another concern which Smith brought with him to Canada. In 1874 he was elected by Ontario teachers to represent them on the Council of Public Instruction and he was subsequently chosen president of the Ontario Teachers’ Association. But once again, university reform captured his deepest interest, and as in so many things, he advocated reforms that revealed his Oxford connections. Almost from the time of his arrival he proposed the federation of Ontario’s scattered universities on an Oxford model. He followed progress towards that federation in the 1880s and 1890s, regularly participating in University of Toronto functions and advocating university autonomy. In 1905 he accepted membership on, but not the chair of, a royal commission on the University of Toronto. One outcome was a new act in 1906 establishing a board of governors for the university, to which Smith was appointed. Among the many honorary degrees which Smith received from the great universities of the English-speaking world he must have particularly savoured the one conferred on him in 1902 by the University of Toronto; seven years earlier he had withdrawn his name from nomination for a degree in the face of the furious opposition of George Taylor Denison* and other imperial federationists who protested against the granting of the degree to a “traitor.”
For all of his breadth of knowledge and interest, Smith’s overriding concern was the contemporary world. His reputation rests on that collection of ideas which he regularly, and with remarkable consistency, applied to the issues of his time. Though he has most often been categorized as a “Victorian liberal,” it is not his liberal principles but rather his faith in the superiority of Anglo-Saxon civilization that is his most striking trait. That faith not only frequently contradicted his liberalism, but also, in its application to Canada, limited his ability to understand and sympathize with the aspirations of the people among whom he had chosen to take up residence.
Smith’s liberalism expressed itself most fulsomely in his commitment to free market economics, the secularization of public life, and opposition to empire. Though a firm believer in individualism and parliamentary government, Smith showed no special interest in civil liberties, except in his criticism of clericalism, and he favoured neither universal manhood nor women’s suffrage. He distrusted democracy and pronounced the French revolution (an event admired by most liberals) “of all the events in history, the most calamitous.” Inequality, he believed, was mankind’s permanent condition. While he repeatedly professed sympathy for labour and supported trade unions, he abhorred strikes and denounced as “chimeras” those reforms – single tax, currency inflation, public ownership, the regulation of hours of work – which labour radicals began to advocate in the late 19th century; progress he thought possible, but “there is no leaping into the millennium.” Although limited government intervention in the economy might sometimes be justified (he reluctantly supported Sir John A. Macdonald*’s arguments for a National Policy), collectivism and socialism were anathema He opposed income tax, old-age pensions, and even publicly financed education. In his introduction to Essays on questions of the day (1893), he summed up his social philosophy by confessing that “the opinions of the present writer are those of a Liberal of the old school as yet unconverted to State Socialism, who looks for further improvement not to an increase of the authority of government, but to the same agencies, moral, intellectual, and economical, which have brought us thus far, and one of which, science, is now operating with immensely increased power.” Clearly, it was not just “state socialism” that had failed to convert the master of the Grange; the new social liberalism of Thomas Hill Green and Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse was equally heretical to him. Indeed, by the late Victorian era one of Smith’s own adages could reasonably be applied to its author: “There is no reactionary,” the Bystander informed the readers of the Week in 1884, “like the exhausted Reformer.”
Had Smith’s social philosophy become threadbare merely as a result of the passage of time, then he might none the less rank as a significant liberal, if only of the “old school.” But the limits of his liberalism are even more evident when placed in the context of his nationalism – his belief in Anglo-Saxon superiority. In common with most 19th-century political thinkers, especially liberals, Smith believed that “nations” were “an ordinance of nature, and a natural bond.” Like John Stuart Mill, and in contrast to Lord Acton, he defined a nation in terms of the concept of cultural homogeneity. And although he opposed imperialism, he was nevertheless utterly at one with those imperialists who believed that the Anglo-Saxon cultural community, centred in Great Britain with branches around the world, was a superior civilization. Its political institutions, economic system, morality, and culture were all signs of its primacy in a world of diverse nations. In his first, and most famous, critique of the empire, he gave voice to his own form of nationalism, one which verged on cultural imperialism. “I am no more against Colonies than I am against the solar system,” he wrote in The empire. “I am against dependencies, when nations are fit to be independent. If Canada were made an independent nation she would still be a Colony of England, and England would still be her Mother Country in the full sense in which those names have been given to the most famous examples of Colonization in history. Our race and language, our laws and liberties, will be hers.”
For Smith the great failure, even tragedy, of Anglo-Saxon history was the American revolution. “Before their unhappy schism they were one people,” and the healing of that schism through the “moral, diplomatic and commercial union of the whole English-speaking race throughout the world” became the goal to which all else was secondary. He shared that goal with those Canadians who advocated imperial federation – Denison, George Monro Grant, George Robert Parkin* – but because his chosen route began with the annexation of Canada to the United States he found himself in permanent head-to-head combat with those same men.
Smith’s convictions about the superiority of Anglo-Saxon values are most strikingly illustrated in his attitude towards “lesser breeds without the Law.” His advocacy of colonial freedom was limited to those colonies which had English majorities. India, a conquered territory, was exempt; for Britain to relinquish what he called this “splendid curse” would be to abdicate its responsibility and leave the subcontinent to certain anarchy. If India troubled Smith, Ireland infuriated him. He mistrusted Roman Catholicism everywhere; in Ireland he despised it. As an ethnic group the Irish were an “amiable but thriftless, uncommercial, saint-worshipping, priest-ridden race.” He fought Home Rule as though his very life depended upon its defeat. “Statesmen might as well provide the Irish people with Canadian snowshoes,” he declaimed sarcastically, “as extend to them the Canadian Constitution.” His one-time associate William Ewart Gladstone was denounced as “an unspeakable old man” when he took up the Irish cause.
Other non-Anglo-Saxon groups fared little better. Though Smith occasionally expressed sympathy for “the wild-stocks of humanity” – the people of Africa, for example – he saw no reason to lament the oppressed state of the native North American. The doomed state of the native people was not the fault of the British who “had always treated [them] with humanity and justice”; with their disappearance, “little will be lost by humanity,” he concluded callously.
For the Jewish people, Smith reserved a special place in his catalogue of “undesirables.” The critical problem with the Jews was what Smith saw as their stubborn unwillingness to assimilate, to give up their religious beliefs and cultural practices, to become “civilized.” He regularly stereotyped them as “tribal,” “usurious,” “plutopolitans,” incapable of loyalty to their country of residence. The Talmud, the Bystander affirmed, “is a code of casuistical legalism . . . of all reactionary productions the most debased, arid, and wretched.” If the Jews would not assimilate they should be returned to their homeland. In a sentence that reeked with racist arrogance he declared that “two greater calamities perhaps have never befallen mankind than the transportation of the negro and the dispersion of the Jews.” Smith’s extreme ethnocentricity in the case of the Jewish people, as Gerald Tulchinsky has shown, can only be described as anti-Semitism.
Smith’s belief in Anglo-Saxon superiority and the importance that he attached to the reunification of the “race” provided him with both his questions and his answers when he analysed “Canada and the Canadian question.” On his arrival in Toronto Smith had discovered a nascent nationalist movement. He threw his support behind this amorphous group of young men whose platform was set out in William Alexander Foster*’s pamphlet Canada First; or, our new nationality: an address (Toronto, 1871), which called for the promotion of a national sentiment and the clarification of Canada’s status in the empire as well as for a number of political reforms. While Smith believed that the movement would promote Canadian independence, others favoured some form of equal partnership with the other members of the empire. For a time the movement attracted the sympathy of the prominent Liberal party intellectual Edward Blake*, but by the mid 1870s it had disintegrated, and its organ, the Nation, disappeared in 1876. This brief experience apparently convinced Smith that Canada could never become a genuine nation and that its destiny lay in union with the United States. In 1877 he set out these conclusions in an article for the Fortnightly Review and then in the Canadian Monthly, conclusions which he would repeat over the remainder of his life and which found their most famous expression in his Canada and the Canadian question in 1891. At the heart of his case was the claim that Canada could not be a nation because it lacked cultural homogeneity. The principal obstacle to nationhood was Quebec, composed as it was of an “unprogressive, religious, submissive, courteous, and, though poor, not unhappy people. . . . They are governed by the priest, with the occasional assistance of the notary. . . . The French-Canadians . . . retain their exclusive national character.” Confederation had failed to meld the competing “races” and regions into a single community and only political corruption, bribes to the regions, and the vested interests which benefited from the protective tariff kept this artificial country from collapsing. “Sectionalism,” he had written in 1878, “still reigns in everything, from the composition of a Cabinet down to that of a Wimbledon Rifle team.” In Smith’s mind the natural geographical and economic forces of North America worked against the unnatural political and sentimental opinions of Canadians. Like the United States, Canada was a North American nation and once this fact was recognized the two communities would achieve their destiny in unity. “The more one sees of society in the New World, the more convinced one is that its structure essentially differs from that of society in the Old World, and that the feudal element has been eliminated completely and forever.” Everything pointed towards “an equal and honorable alliance like that of Scotland and England” between Canada and her southern neighbour, “Canadian nationality being a lost cause.”
Over the years Smith’s conviction about Canada’s destiny intensified, his observation of French Canada hardening his hostility to that community. By 1891 he was willing to state emphatically that one of the principal benefits of union with the United States would be the final solution of the French Canadian problem. “Either the conquest of Quebec was utterly fatuous or it is to be desired that the American Continent should belong to the English tongue and to Anglo-Saxon civilisation.” Though the opposition of French Canadians to the South African War moderated these sentiments somewhat – Smith even considered joining forces with Henri Bourassa* in an anti-imperialist movement – he continued to fear, as he told Bourassa in 1905, “the connexion of your national aspirations with those of an ambitious and aggressive priesthood.” His ideal of cultural homogeneity left no room for a political nationality based on cultural diversity, the cornerstone of confederation. For him the call of race was irresistible: “In blood and character, language, religion, institutions, laws and interests, the two portions of the Anglo-Saxon race on this continent are one people.”
In all of his pronouncements on politics, economics, and Canada’s destiny, Smith seemed a self-confident, even dogmatic, pundit. But underneath that confidence was a profoundly uneasy man. The unease arose not only from Smith’s personal religious uncertainty but even more from his anxiety about the future of society in an age of religious scepticism. Though Smith does not seem to have experienced that typical Victorian “crisis of faith,” Darwinism and the higher criticism of the Bible certainly left him with little more than a thin deism and a vague humanism founded on Christian ethics. Throughout his life he struggled with religious questions, and his inconclusive answers were recorded in his Guesses at the riddle of existence (1897). But it was always to the social implications of the decline of faith that he returned. In an essay entitled “The prospect of a moral interregnum,” published in 1879, he observed: “That which prevails as Agnosticism among philosophers and the highly educated prevails as secularism among mechanics, and in that form is likely soon to breed mutinous questionings about the present social order among those who get the poorer share, and who can no longer be appeased by promises of compensation in another world.” For 30 years he repeated this gloomy theme, revealing his forebodings about the decline and fall of practically everything he accepted as eternal verities. Everywhere “prophets of unrest” loomed – Karl Marx, Henry George, Edward Bellamy, assorted socialists and anarchists, and the leaders of “the revolt of women” – questioning the established order, no longer satisfied by the opiate of religion. His increasingly shrill polemics signified his alienation from a world that had passed him by. He was simply too set in his ways to admit, as he was urged to do by Alphonse Desjardins*, the leader of the Quebec cooperative movement, “that improvements can be got by recognizing that the old liberal school of Political Economy has not discovered everything.”
Harriet Smith died at the Grange on 9 Sept. 1909. The following March the old man slipped and broke his thigh. He died on 7 June 1910 and was buried in St James cemetery. The Grange, which remained his wife’s property, was willed by her to the city of Toronto to serve as a public art gallery. The £20,000 Smith had inherited from his father had grown to more than $830,000 by the time of his death. He left his excellent library to the University of Toronto. Most of his fortune and his private papers went to Cornell University as a mark, Smith’s will revealingly declared, of his “attachment as an Englishman to the union of the two branches of our race on this continent with each other, and with their common mother.”
WV923/2006
Coloured pencil and pastel on Steinbach paper
Old and wise, young and learning... the way of the Buddha
Far East travels impressions...
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Understanding Weather by O.G. Sutton
First published 1960
Reprinted 1961
Cover design by Derek Birdsall
The AAF's Most Promising Multicultural Students program connects the advertising industry with the nation’s top multicultural college seniors. This premier event provides opportunities to recruit fresh talent to further prepare the advertising industry’s best young prospects and to help the advertising and media workforce better reflect the diversity of today's society. The program not only honors the students, but enhances their knowledge and understanding of the advertising industry by offering networking, interviewing and industry immersion opportunities with advertising, marketing, and media professionals.
Sometimes a single image can change one's understanding of a person, place or thing.
Here, seeing a photo of Joe Knowles standing next to his car, one of the most advanced vehicles of the era, transformed my view of the pioneering reality star who was known in his day as The Nature Man from coast to coast.
Yes, Americans are notorious for living beyond their means, and that may have been the case here. Or perhaps Joe Knowles was just enjoying the rewards of his hard work.
As newspapers of the era liked to point out, Joe Knowles became famous for his ability to abandon the trappings of civilization and survive in the wilderness, but he was equally well adapted to the comforts and luxuries of city living.
Proving a point about humankind's ingenuity under primitive conditions was Knowles' passion, but he was also a hard-working entrepreneur and promoter. This photo suggests that Knowles not only made good money but was able to hang onto it.
As soon as Knowles returned from the forests of the Siskiyous in 1914, he began making personal appearances in Oregon and California to demonstrate his survival skills. In time he added a tame bear to his act. Then he landed a movie deal that took him back to the Siskiyous, There, his encounters with a cougar and perilous rapids put him back in the headlines.
Turning up In New York, Knowles announced the next chapter in his wilderness adventures: he would mentor two intrepid women in his woodcraft! To prove he was serious, Knowles sat for a publicity photo with the two "Eves" that graced the pages of many a publication.
This twist was hardly surprising. By then, several women had already made their own bids for the limelight by publicly professing their intention to emulate The Nature Man on their own. Almost from the outset, the press had evinced a coy preoccupation over how Knowles's female imitators might be attired on Day One. Victorian prudishness had receded far enough by the teens of the 1900s that reporters could write that Knowles planned to enter the forest nude, though not far enough that they could publish photos of Knowles in the altogether. Today, some might call that state of affairs titillating.
The story behind Joe Knowles' announcement that Elaine Hammerstein (a cousin of the hugely famous Oscar Hammerstein II) would be joining him in the Adirondacks for a reprise of his earlier exploits in the woods is surely worthy of a movie. Nothing in Elaine's basic biography even hints that such a feat might have interested her. Nothing more appeared about the project in the New York press after the splash of the announcement. An item in a Western newspaper reported that an early winter had forced the two of them to call off their plans. Joe himself said that Elaine found her grass skirt not up to the challenge of keeping her warm.
When America's entry into the Great War in 1917 muted the public's enthusiasm for Joe Knowles' nature act, he reinvented himself as the West's leading instructor on woodlore at scout gatherings.
It was his first such event that brought him to the North Beach Peninsula for the first time around 1916. By 1917 Joe Knowles had settled in the village of Seaview, where was immediately hailed as a regional celebrity and accomplished artist. In other words, he was the classic local character. Knowles was famous for being famous, making him a celebrity, but unlike many of that ilk, he had solid accomplishments to his name. By then, "Knowles" had entered the American lexicon as a metaphor for nudity or a penchant for roughing it.
His stature led him to secure numerous commissions, including a series of murals in 1924 for the newest theater in Astoria, Oregon, which was just then rebuilding its downtown after a devastating fire. That year he also painted portraits of the chief justices of the Supreme Courts of Oregon and Washington. The former was received with great fanfare in the press and in real life.
It's at that juncture that we catch up with Joe Knowles standing next to his flashy new car in Portland. This was as much a publicity shot for Knowles as it was for the auto dealership.
© Alan Davey 2024 All rights reserved.
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About the Rickenbacker Vertical Eight Superfine
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By
David Conwill
Updated
August 27, 2024
in Classics, Hemmings Classic Car, Magazine
Too Much, Too Soon – 1925 Rickenbacker Vertical Eight Superfine
The creative genius of car enthusiasts and the cold calculations of businessmen are the age-old yin and yang of the automobile industry. Think of the car enthusiast as an artist, driven to create the purest expression of his or her vision in steel, glass, and rubber–regardless of expense. The businessmen are there to make sure that the unfettered vision doesn’t bankrupt the company. Both the artist and his or her fans may decry the artificial limitation on mechanical genius, but the graveyard of the car business is littered with nameplates that went too far, too fast, and were unable to sustain themselves.
By the time he was approached to append his appellation to the eponymous company in 1921, Eddie Rickenbacker’s car-enthusiast credentials were already well-established: He first rose to prominence as a race-car driver in the 1911-’17 era, having appeared in every Indianapolis 500 race before World War I, and as a driver for the factory teams of Peugeot and Maxwell.
During the war, he was the United States’ “Ace of Aces,” having shot down a confirmed 26 enemy aircraft at the controls of his Nieuport and SPAD biplanes. He was promoted to the rank of major at the end of his service, but throughout his life preferred the rank he felt he had earned, that of captain. By 1918, “Captain Eddie” was already a household name in America.
Rickenbacker wasn’t merely a good driver and pilot. Before his skill at the wheel was recognized, Rickenbacker had seen to his education via a correspondence course in engineering. An early internal-combustion enthusiast, he had also worked for the Columbia Buggy Company selling its Firestone-Columbus automobiles.
Further, Rickenbacker was already associated with General Motors founder Billy Durant, thanks to a marketing arrangement wherein Rickenbacker promoted GM’s Sheridan division. In 1922, he would actually marry Durant’s ex-daughter-in-law. So when Barney Everitt, William Metzger, and Walter Flanders– three men with enormous experience in the auto industry– joined with Rickenbacker, they were getting far more than just a famous name.
Everitt, Metzger, and Flanders are best remembered for the E-M-F Company, which was eventually folded into Studebaker– though that was far from their only accomplishment. They were, respectively, a body man, a salesman, and a production man. All three had good reputations as auto executives, though their companies usually did not survive long after their personal leadership had departed. Rickenbacker was, sadly, not to be an exception.
Captain Eddie himself had initially wished to stay in aviation after the war. Unfortunately, the postwar recession, combined with a glut of surplus aircraft, meant that the fledgling aircraft industry was struggling. Instead, he reverted to his prewar enthusiasm for the automobile. In the 1920s, the line between automotive technology and aviation was far thinner than today, and the disciplines cross-pollinated liberally.
What Rickenbacker wanted in his own new car was to bring the high-performance technology of military aircraft and racing cars to the street. He was not alone in this, with the Chevrolet brothers (who had previously sold their family name to Durant) making similar plans at the same time to turn their Frontenac racing team into a producer of road cars. Rickenbacker got further, however, and while Frontenac was forced to produce speed parts for the Ford Model T, Rickenbacker really did produce what the company termed “a car worthy of its name.”
The biggest technical triumph of the original Rickenbacker Six was its “tandem flywheel.” Captain Eddie had been impressed by the smoothness of the liquid-cooled inline engines of his German opponents in the skies over France. When he was able to inspect the inner workings of crashed or captured airplanes, he discovered that their crankshafts had flywheels at both ends, greatly reducing the vibration transmitted outside of the engine.
What most people remember about Rickenbacker, however, was its pioneering use of four-wheel brakes in the medium-price field. Even the prototype chassis, displayed at the 1922 New York Auto Show, had front-wheel brakes present, a major departure for the time. In June of 1923, both Duesenberg and Rickenbacker announced that four-wheel braking would now be standard. For Duesenberg, a race-bred, high-performance, luxury car, this was not much of a surprise. For a less-expensive car like Rickenbacker, it was remarkable in the extreme.
Other companies soon followed suit, though Studebaker actually launched a smear campaign attempting to paint front brakes as unsafe, and Rickenbacker felt the pressure to continue to update its product line. For 1925, the year of our feature car, the original 58-horsepower, 218-cu.in. straight-six was upgraded to a 236-cu.in. engine with seven main bearings, producing 68 horsepower. The six-cylinder engine was also joined by an L-head, 80-horsepower, 268-cu.in. straight-eight with nine main bearings. The six retained the traditional 117-inch wheelbase, but the eight received a lengthened 121.5-inch wheelbase. The lines were otherwise quite similar.
This “Vertical Eight Superfine,” as the new-for-1925 eight was called, was an excellent car–smooth and powerful. The details are outstanding for a car at its price point, right down to the “hat-in-the-ring” logo, borrowed from the United States Army Air Service’s 94th Pursuit Squadron, Rickenbacker’s own unit, cast into the rear axle housing where only someone crawling underneath the car could see it. In bringing luxury-car features to the mid-price field, it was arguably five years ahead of the competition.
Unfortunately, just as the company seemed to be finding its footing, Flanders–a crack production specialist who had helped Ford Motor Company on its way to the moving assembly line– was killed in a car accident. At the same time, dealers began fleeing the fold, possibly due to Studebaker’s hatchet job (though it wouldn’t stop newcomer Chrysler from adopting four-wheel hydraulic brakes that year) or possibly due to word of the kind of executive infighting that had brought down other efforts by the founders of E-M-F.
It was in this environment that Captain Eddie left the automotive firm bearing his name in 1926. Soon after, he would buy the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, which he would own until 1945, and embark on a career as an aviation executive that would keep his name in the public eye until his death in 1973.
Rickenbacker, the company, kept trying, promoting its Super Sport boat-tailed coupe as the fastest four-passenger automobile for sale (faster models from the likes of Duesenberg seated only two) and introducing dual-carburetor engines for 1927. But it was not enough, and the firm did not survive to sell 1928 models.
It is said that after the company folded, Captain Eddie personally repaid all debts he had guaranteed for the company, despite a bankruptcy discharge, burnishing his reputation as an ethical businessman. Everitt went on to help found the Verville Aircraft Company in the same Detroit factory building that had housed Rickenbacker. Metzger also got into aviation, helping form Stinson Aircraft in 1926.
As an interesting aside, the tooling for both the six-cylinder and eight-cylinder 1927 Rickenbackers was sold to a Danish businessman in Germany named Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen who had planned to produce the engines for sale to European automakers. When no orders were forthcoming, Rasmussen instead shopped his designs to Audi, in which he was the majority shareholder. This resulted in the Rickenbacker 6-70 becoming the Audi Type-T “Dresden” and the eight-cylinder Rickenbackers becoming the Audi Type-SS “Zwickau.” Both were produced until 1932.
That makes the four-passenger coupe on these pages a rarity to begin with. In fact, it is believed by the Rickenbacker Club of America to be the only surviving 1925 eight-cylinder coupe. It should come as no surprise, then, that for the past 48 years it has been a part of the Automobile Gallery of the Heritage Museums & Gardens, in Sandwich, Massachusetts. The Automobile Gallery has as its nucleus the collection of pharmaceutical heir J.K. Lilly III, and the Rickenbacker was acquired by Lilly in 1966.
We spoke with Director of Collections and Exhibits Jennifer Madden, and she told us that Lilly acquired the car from a Dearborn, Michigan, collector named J. Walter Heater. We don’t know if there is a connection, but Heater was an executive with a Detroit firm called Fleet Supply Corp. (“parts and supplies for trucks, trailers, and cars”). The address for Fleet Supply, 2896 Central Avenue, was less than a mile from the still-extant former Rickenbacker factory at 4815 Cabot Street–could that have sparked Heater’s interest in finding a Rickenbacker?
Heater found the car in 1960 in what the Detroit Free Press described as “an abandoned garage on Ferry Park Avenue near the Lodge Freeway.” The previous owner, a man named Gauss, was a retired Army engineer. According to a letter in the car’s file at the Heritage Museums, Gauss had sold his home and actually lived in the car in his garage for 15 years!
Heater restored the Rickenbacker, completing the job in 1962. The coupe was immediately recognized as Grand Champion at the Henry Ford Museum’s Old Car Festival in the division for cars built between 1917 and 1925. While it was in his care, it was reunited with Captain Eddie for a television show apparently called On the Street.
Sometime around 1966, Heater and Lilly happened to encounter one another, and Heater told Lilly about his Rickenbacker. The two men corresponded that summer regarding the car, and eventually it was settled that Lilly would purchase it for $5,000 (a little more than $37,500 adjusted for inflation).
Heater even offered to drive the Rickenbacker from Dearborn to Boston for Lilly to take delivery. In a letter, he noted “it runs very well at 55-60 mph, which means two days on the road from here.” Eventually, it was settled that Heater would meet a representative of Lilly’s in Syracuse, New York, about half way between the two men. Heater apparently took the Greyhound home.
It’s not recorded why the Rickenbacker caught Lilly’s fancy. Perhaps it was just the excellent restoration that the car still wears today–having been museum-kept since 1969 and undriven since sometime in the 1970s, although the museum intends to get it driving again soon. It is worth noting that the Lilly family’s roots are not in Boston, or Cape Cod, but rather in Indianapolis, Indiana, where the Rickenbacker name and the speedway are icons. It’s not impossible that Lilly, who was six when this car was built, recalled the excitement associated with Captain Eddie and his airplane-inspired car way back when.
Though it survived only a brief six model years, and only an estimated two dozen examples remain, the Rickenbacker is well remembered today, thanks to its technical sophistication and its association with one of America’s greatest aviation heroes. If you are lucky enough to see or experience one, linger awhile and soak in the details, quality construction, mechanical elegance, and handsome styling. You will be glad you did.
www.hemmings.com/stories/too-much-too-soon-1925-rickenbac...
It is not uncommon for people to feel they lack an understanding of tooth whitening processes. There's nothing like an informative article to point you in the direction of the most effective teeth-whitening strategies. It is just a matter of having the correct information to get the results you want. This article contains many of the ideas and methods you need to take action today.
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If you have oral problems including untreated cavities or gingivitis, see your dentist before using any home teeth-whitening product. You'll need to use caution with the whitening teeth process. Consult with your dentist to learn when it is wise that you should undergo whitening of the teeth and, if you have, the way to it.
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The Catriona McDonald was built in Forster by Alf Jahnsen for David McDonald Brown in 1956; she was registered in 1956. David “Mac” Brown referred to his boat as simply Catriona. Her sail number was CYC 25
When Brown sold the Catriona McDonald in 1960 to Dr. R. and Mrs P. Roxburgh she was renamed Phyllis Graham and was allocated the sail number 63.
Russell and Phyllis Roxburgh sold the Phyllis Graham to John Hebden in April 1976. She was subsequently sold to and James and Joan Coxon in September 1976 and her name was officially named Catriona in November 1976. It is believed that her sail number was changed to A50 but this is uncertain.
To further confuse the story, David “Mac”Brown had a second boat built by Alf Jahnsen in Forster– this was the Catriona M and used the sail number CYC 25; he also referred to her as the Catriona
Research: The assistance of David Leslie Brown (Son of David "Mac" Brown) is greatly appreciated.
Acknowledgements. The assistance of Mori Flapan (Mori Flapan boatregister) by providing access to his extensive database is greatly appreciated.
All Images in this photostream are Copyright - Great Lakes Manning River Shipping and/or their individual owners as may be stated above and may not be downloaded, reproduced, or used in any way without prior written approval.
GREAT LAKES MANNING RIVER SHIPPING, NSW - Flickr Group --> Alphabetical Boat Index --> Boat builders Index --> Tags List
Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director General, and Numar Alfonso Blanco Bonilla, Executive Secretary OLADE, signs the Memorandum of Understanding between the International Atomic Energy Agency and The Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE) on the Cooperation in the Area of Energy at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 9 September 2022.
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
OLADE:
Numar Alfonso Blanco Bonilla, Executive Secretary
Medardo Cadena, Director of Energy Projects and Studies
Guillermo Koutoudjian, Director of Energy Security, Integration and Access
Gabriela Malvasio, Press and Communications
IAEA:
Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director-General
Diego Candano Laris, Senior Advisor to the Director-General
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Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director General, and Numar Alfonso Blanco Bonilla, Executive Secretary OLADE, signs the Memorandum of Understanding between the International Atomic Energy Agency and The Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE) on the Cooperation in the Area of Energy at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 9 September 2022.
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
OLADE:
Numar Alfonso Blanco Bonilla, Executive Secretary
Medardo Cadena, Director of Energy Projects and Studies
Guillermo Koutoudjian, Director of Energy Security, Integration and Access
Gabriela Malvasio, Press and Communications
IAEA:
Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director-General
Diego Candano Laris, Senior Advisor to the Director-General
What is Mortgage?
Mortgage refers to an understanding that permits a money lender to take property when a borrower neglects to pay. In most cases, it refers to a home loan where the lender can constrain you out of the property, sell it, and gather the cash despite everything you owe.
Mortgage and “Home Loan” are often used conversely. For real estate transactions, there should be written agreement, so a home loan is an archive that gives your money lender the privilege to foreclose on your home.
Types of Mortgages
Mortgages are regularly utilized by customers, but organizations can even buy property with this. There are following types of mortgages offered generally.
Altered Rate Mortgages:
You calculate to what extent it will take to pay off all the main and interest, and then you touch base at a regularly scheduled installment. You will pay the same monthly installment through the whole term of the altered rate mortgage. Of course on the off chance that you offer your home before the end of the term, you can simply pay off the parity that you owe.
Second Mortgage:
A second mortgage is a loan that uses your home as security – like a credit you may have used to buy your home. The loan is known as a “second” mortgage in light of the fact that your purchase loan is often the primary credit that is secured by a lien on your home.
Now, you have access to more than you could get without utilizing your home as guarantee. The amount which you would be able to acquire relies upon your lender, yet you may hope to get up to 80% of your home’s estimation.
Conceded Beginning:
You may need a ‘conceded begin’ when you take out your mortgage. Conceded begin or poor start contracts permit you to defer the beginning on repayments on your home loan for various months. Your lender will charge interest on the home loan for these months and add it to the original loan. So your mortgage balance will ascend before you start to make repayments.
With a specific end goal to know more about mortgage types log on to our site www.stopforeclosure.co
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