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I've was at an open user group session today about BBC websites. (Full post is over at www.ghostschool.co.uk/
It is nearly ten years since I started the Kent church project, and in that time have visited 292 churches, give or take, and seen and photographed inside most of them. And in that time, I have gone from knowing nothing about churches to having a basic understanding, meaning I need to revisit those I visited early on to record the features I missed.
Lenham is a large market village, and seems to be in rude health, as finding a parking space on a weekday morning was difficult, but it was nearing lunchtime, and the village is blessed with two fine pubs on the village square, and also has a new fish restaurant which was already producing fine aromas.
St Mary stands a little of the square, its tower dominating the view.
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A village centre setting where the church is approached from the north. This side shows ragstone and flint construction. Although the building contains work of earlier periods it is on the whole a fourteenth-century structure. The memorable feature is the size of the internal door which fills the tower arch - although it is not as old as it at first appears. On the south wall of the nave is a faded mural of St Michael. The pulpit is Elizabethan with a slightly later tester that carries the date 1622. Next to the pulpit is a good window in the style of Kempe, signed in the inscription with the `greyhound` symbol of H.W. Bryans who set up his own studio in competition. The other glass is mid-nineteenth century and of poor quality. The lectern, of wood, with nicely carved feet, may be as early as the fourteenth century, and has a crude and rural feel about it. The medieval stalls, which are returned along the west side of the chancel arch, are much restored. On the north wall of the chancel is an extremely strange monument which shows a fourteenth-century priest lying obliquely in two halves! The Royal Arms over the north door date from the reign of Queen Anne.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Lenham
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LENHAM.
NORTHWARD from Boughton Malherb, close at the foot of the chalk-hills, lies Lenham, written in the book of Domesday, Lerham and Lertham, no doubt corruptly for Leanham, by which name it is called in most of the antient charters and deeds, as well before as since that time. It takes its name from the stream which rises in it, and ham, which signifies a town or village.
The western part of this parish is in the lath of Aylesford, hundred of Eyhorne, and the western division of this county, that is all of it which lies westward of a line drawn from the centre of Chilston-house, northward to the east end of the church, and thence to Warren-street, on the summit of the chalk hills.
The residue of it, including that part of it called East Lenham, is in the lath of Shipway, and hundred of Calehill, and the eastern division of the county.
THE PARISH of Lenham is of large extent, being upwards of five miles in length from east to west, and four in breadth from north to south, where it encompasses the whole width of the valley from the chalk to the quarry hills. However healthy it may be it is far from being a pleasant situation, owing to its untoward soil, which towards the south and west is mostly a deep sand; near the foot of the chalk hills a cludgy chalk mixed with flints, the whole a poor unfertile country, the fields of which are in general large, having but few trees round them, and those of a stunted unthriving aspect; above these hills northward is Downe-court and Warren-street, beyond which the parish extends more than a mile, as far as Ashden and Syndal, in the valley between Hollingborne and Doddington, a poor country and a flinty barren soil.
The town of Lenham stands in the valley between the quarry and chalk hills, which is here about two miles wide, rather nearer the latter, in a damp and moist situation, owing to the springs which rise near it, of which further mention will be made hereafter. It is rather a dull and unfrequented place, and of but little traffic, in short I cannot give a better description of it than in the words of the inhabitants themselves, who, on travellers passing through it, and enquiring if it is Lenham, in general make answer, "Ah, Sir, poor Lenham."
The church stands at the south end of it, and being westward of the line which separates the two divisions of the county, the town itself, as well as the parish, is esteemed to belong to West Kent, and all the parish business is transacted at the Maidstone sessions accordingly; the market, which was granted to the abbot of St. Augustine's, as has been mentioned before, to be held within his manor here, has been discontinued many years, but in 1757 there was an attempt made to revive it for the buying and selling of corn, and other such commodities, and it was ordered by the lord of the manor to be held on a Friday weekly, but I am informed it has been but little resorted to. The fair, which has been mentioned as having been granted likewise to the abbot, is now held yearly by the alteration of the stile on June 6, for horses and cattle, and there is another fair held on October 23, for the like purpose. A market is likewise held at Sandway, in this parish, for bullocks, upon every Tuesday after Allhallows-day, Nov. I, until Christmas.
Near the foot of the chalk hills lie the three estates of Shelve, on the opposite or southern part of the parish, where the soil is mostly a barren sand, there are several small heaths or fostalls; through this part of the parish the high road from Ashford runs over Lenham, formerly called Royton heath, and by Chilston park pales and Sandway, over Bigon-heath, towards Leeds castle and Maidstone; southward of this heath the parish extends westward, taking within its bounds the estate of Ham, the house of which has been rebuilt in a handsome manner within these few years, and thence southward to Runham-place, Platt-heath, and Leverton-street, at the boundary of it, near the quarry hills, where it joins to Bought on Malherb.
The western and south-east parts of this parish are watered by two several streams, for at the eastern extremity of the town of Lenham, at Streetwell, there rises a spring, which is accounted the head of the river Stour, which flowing from thence southward by Royton-chapel, at about a mile distance from its rise, receives into its stream two other small ones from the north-west, which rise in the grounds at Chilston, at a small distance from each other, and then flowing in one stream through the hamlet of Water-street south-eastward, it turns a mill in its way to Little Chart, and so goes on in its way to Ashford and Canterbury.
A head of one of the branches of the river Medway likewise rises at Ewell, adjoining to Bigon-heath, in the western part of this parish, whence it is frequently called the river Len; from hence this stream directs its course first westward, then northward by Runham, and so on to Holme mill in Harrietsham, in its way towards Leeds-castle and the main river at Maidstone.
LENHAM has been supposed by several of our learned antiquaries, among whom are Camden, Lambarde, and Gale, to have been the Roman station, mentioned in the 2d iler of Antonine, by the name of Durolevum, corruptly, as they say, for Durolenum, and the latter, in the British language, signifying the water Lenum, induced them, together with the situation, to conjecture this place to have been that station.
And Camden is further confirmed in this opinion, from this place being situated on a circular way of the Romans, which formerly, as Higden of Chester affirms, went from Dover through the middle of Kent. (fn. 1)
The aqua Lena, or the spring at Streetwell here, so, called perhaps from the strata of the Romans, which led hither, is thought to have been meant by the water Lenum, and that this, might give name to this station; and indeed Roman remains have been from time to time discovered from Keston, by Comb Bank, Stone-street, Oldberry camp, Ofham, Barming, Maidstone, Boxley, &c. in a continued and almost strait line, to within a few miles of this place and Charing.
¶But there having never been any Roman antiquities found at Lenham, induced Mr. Somner and others to look elsewhere for this station. That learned antiquarian, as well as Mr. Burton and Dr. Thorpe, have fixed it at or near Newington, in the great road from Rochester to Canterbury, near which great quantities of urns, and other relics of Roman antiquity, have been dug up.
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken participates in a memorandum of understanding signing ceremony with the Tent Partnership for Refugees, at the Department of State in Washington, D.C. on December 12, 2022. [State Department photo by Ron Przysucha/ Public Domain]
Finally warm enough to make a snow man today. As an English woman in Montreal, before arriving here my understanding of snow conditions were extremely limited. I didn't know that it had to be just the right kind at just the right temperature to make a snowman!
(Left to right) Maryland's Governor Martin O’Malley, Senator Barbara Mikulski and NASA Goddard Center Director Chris Scolese, talking to media after signing a Memorandum of Understanding at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center on Nov 25, 2013.
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On Monday, Nov. 25, 2013, representatives from the State of Maryland and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center signed an agreement to pave the way in attracting high tech companies to Maryland that will be key in enabling both future missions of NASA and the economic future of Maryland.
Participants in the signing event will include Senator Barbara Mikulski, Governor Martin O’Malley and Goddard Center Director Chris Scolese. The event took place at the Goddard visitor center.
Invitees to the event include Kevin F. Kelly, chairman of the Federal Facilities Advisory Board, Dr. Antonio Busallachi, Director, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park and Anoop Mehta, President of the Maryland Space Business Roundtable,
Credit: NASA/Goddard/Debbie Mccallum
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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Laura Silvia Battaglia
Philip Di Salvo
Jessica Dorsey
Jack Serle
Francesco Vignarca
Gli attacchi con droni sono gli elementi più caratteristici della guerra contemporanea. Sia quando utilizzati in scenari di guerra convenzionali sia quando utilizzati per programmi di uccisioni mirate, i droni armati militari sono solitamente operati dietro un velo di segretezza che impedisce ai cittadini e ai giornalisti di accedere ai dati e alle statistiche riguardanti le morti di civili e l’efficienza degli attacchi. Gli Stati Uniti sono di certo il maggior attore nel settore, ma l’uso dei droni si sta diffondendo in tutto il mondo. Le nazioni dove l’utilizzo degli attacchi con drone è maggiormente preoccupante sono lo Yemen, il Pakistan, l’Iraq, l’Afghanistan e la Siria. Il panel proposto discuterà le questioni attuali riguardanti le fonti e il reporting giornalistico sul tema, raccogliendo speaker provenienti da ambienti diversi, inclusi giornalisti investigativi, ricercatori e sostenitori del disarmo. Il panel discuterà le migliori pratiche e i case study per il monitoraggio degli attacchi con drone, come il lavoro svolto dal Bureau of Investigative Journalists; le problematiche riguardanti l’accesso alle informazioni e la trasparenza; il ruolo dei whistleblower e le implicazioni per l’Italia, in particolare per ciò che riguarda il coinvolgimento della base di Sigonella nei programmi di droni e il caso Lo Porto.
Drone strikes are among the most defining elements of contemporary warfare. Both when used in conventional war scenarios or for targeted killing programs, military armed drones are usually operated behind a veil of secrecy preventing citizens and journalists to access data and statistics about civilian deaths and strikes efficiency. The US are certainly the biggest players in the field, but the use of drones is expanding worldwide. Countries where drone strikes usage is more troubling are Yemen, Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria. The proposed panel will discuss current issues when it comes to journalistic sourcing and reporting on the matter by putting together speakers of different backgrounds, including investigative journalists, researchers and advocates. The panel will discuss best practices and case studies of monitoring drone strikes, such as the work of The Bureau of Investigative Journalists; the issues concerning access to information and transparency; the role of whistleblowers and the implication for Italy, in particular when it comes to the involvement of the Sigonella base in the drone programs and the Lo Porto case.
video: media.journalismfestival.com/programme/2017/understanding...
The Cobbers Club was founded in England by John Fahey during WW2 with the aim of bringing British and Australian people closer together in mutual understanding and friendship. While doing lecture tours, John had become aware of the lack of knowledge amongst British and Australian citizens about each other’s countries and ways of life. The club sought to rectify this and also provided a forum for Australians and British people to come together for better understanding of each other as well as encouraging the formation of friendships.
The badge depicts a boomerang along with the club’s name and motto ‘friends make friends’.
The word ‘cobber’ is Australian slang for friend or mate, but has long since fallen out of use and is no longer part of their everyday spoken language.
Can anyone throw more light on the Cobber’s Club and when it ended?
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References:
www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=cobber (general meaning of the Australian word ‘cobber’).
www.bures-online.co.uk/TW/wood10.htm (Dr. Thomas Woods (1892-1950), a founding associate of the Cobbers Club and given the honorary position of Cobber No 1).
trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/17906739?searchTerm=dr%2... (The Sydney Morning Hearld 9 May 1944 article).
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Enamels: 1 (red)
Finish: Gilt.
Material: Brass.
Fixer: Pin.
Size: 7/8” in diameter (about 23mm).
Process: Die stamped.
Makers: Thomas Fattorini, Regent St, Birmingham (1964-1983).
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Thank you for reading.
Stuart.
I continue to tell stories about new repatriates.
Klim writes: We arrived in Israel at the end of October 2022. The journey took exactly one month. We left Russia on September 23 with the understanding that we would not return but not knowing where we would end up.
We didn't have visas to Israel. Three months before that, we received a rejection under the go-no-go program and were gathering additional documents.
We traveled to Kazakhstan, where we managed to schedule an appointment at the consulate in Tashkent within a week. We spent that week driving across Kazakhstan from north to south, staying in both terrible and luxurious apartments.
We gained a positive emotional charge from the Kazakhs. They are all friendly, welcoming, and ready to help.
We were particularly impressed by Turkistan, Shymkent, and Almaty.
The consular check went well, but it was mentally challenging. It was a moment of truth, and we didn't know where to go if the answer was negative.
We spent two weeks in Tashkent waiting for visas for our four children.
I've never eaten so much pilaf in my entire previous life.
After the journey to Almaty, Kazakhstan looked completely different: instead of steppes and deserts, there were mountains, rivers, forests, and snow.
Almaty captured our hearts, and we will definitely return there.
In Russia, I worked in sales for a foreign corporation. It was a great job with a good salary. But for a repatriate, it's probably one of the worst professions.
After eight months in Israel, I started to adapt a bit.
I worked at a factory for six months, and I realized that if this continues, I will go crazy. So now I'm trying to find my niche.
Dasha found a remote job in a Russian company in her field. She's doing great.
Varya goes to school, and she still doesn't understand what the teachers are saying in class, but she's a trooper and trying very hard.
Vasya started attending her third kindergarten, but the first one in Israel. She likes it there now and goes happily. But soon, she'll have to switch to a municipal one..
sw.godfootsteps.org/three-stages-of-work-4.html
II. Ni Lazima Mtu Ashuhudie Kipengele cha Ukweli Kuhusu Hatua Tatu za Kazi ya Wokovu wa Mungu kwa Wanadamu
4. Ni jinsi gani hatua tatu za kazi ya Mungu kwa pole pole huongeza uketo ili watu waokolewe na kukamilishwa?
Maneno Husika ya Mungu:
Usimamizi mzima wa Mungu umegawika katika hatua tatu, na katika kila hatua, mahitaji yanayofaa yanatakiwa kutoka kwa mwanadamu. Aidha, kadri enzi zinavyopita na kuendelea, mahitaji ya Mungu kwa wanadamu wote huwa ya juu hata zaidi. Kwa hiyo, hatua kwa hatua, kazi hii ya usimamizi wa Mungu hufikia kilele chake, hadi mwanadamu aamini ukweli wa “kuonekana kwa Neno katika mwili,” na kwa njia hii mahitaji ya mwanadamu huwa ya juu hata zaidi, na mahitaji ya mwanadamu kutoa ushuhuda huwa ya juu hata zaidi. Kadiri mwanadamu alivyo na uwezo wa kushirikiana na Mungu kwa kweli, ndivyo anavyozidi kumtukuza Mungu. Ushirikiano wa mwanadamu ndio ushuhuda anaohitajika kuwa nao, na ushuhuda alio nao ndio matendo ya mwanadamu. Na kwa hivyo, kazi ya Mungu iweze au isiweze kuwa na matokeo yanayohitajika, na paweze ama pasiweze kuwa na ushuhuda wa kweli, ni mambo ambayo yameunganishwa yasiyochanganulika na ushirikiano na ushuhuda wa mwanadamu. Wakati kazi itakapokwisha, yaani, wakati usimamizi wote wa Mungu utakapofikia kikomo chake, mwanadamu atahitajika kuwa na ushuhuda wa hali ya juu, na wakati kazi ya Mungu itakapofika mwisho wake, matendo na kuingia kwa mwanadamu vitafikia upeo wake. Wakati wa kale, mwanadamu alihitajika kutii sheria na amri, na alihitajika kuwa mwenye subira na mnyenyekevu. Leo, mwanadamu anahitajika kutii mipango yote ya Mungu na awe na upendo mkuu wa Mungu, na hatimaye bado anahitajika kumpenda Mungu katika taabu. Hatua hizi tatu ndizo Mungu anazozitazamia kutoka kwa mwanadamu, hatua kwa hatua, katika usimamizi Wake wote. Kila hatua ya kazi ya Mungu huzidisha kina kuliko iliyopita, na katika kila hatua, mahitaji kwa mwanadamu ni makubwa kuliko yaliyopita, na kwa njia hii, usimamizi mzima wa Mungu huonekana. Ni hasa kwa sababu mahitaji ya mwanadamu kila mara huwa ya juu kiasi kwamba tabia yake kila mara inafikia viwango anavyovihitaji Mungu, na ni hapo tu ambapo wanadamu wote wanaanza kujiondoa polepole kutoka kwa ushawishi wa Shetani hadi, ambapo kazi ya Mungu itafikia kikomo kabisa, ndio wanadamu wote watakuwa wameokolewa kutoka kwa ushawishi wa Shetani.
kutoka katika “Kazi ya Mungu na Utendaji wa Mwanadamu” katika Neno Laonekana katika Mwili
Kazi ya usimamizi wa Mungu ilianza Alipoumba ulimwengu, na mwanadamu ni kiini cha kazi Yake. Uumbaji wa Mungu wa kila kitu, unaweza kusemwa, ni kwa ajili ya mwanadamu. Kwa sababu Kazi ya usimamizi Wake imesambaa katika maelfu ya miaka, na haijatekelezwa katika dakika na sekunde tu, ama kufumba na kufumbua, ama katika mwaka mmoja au miwili, ilimbidi Aumbe vitu vingine zaidi kwa ajili ya maisha ya mwanadamu, kama vile jua, mwezi, na aina zote za viumbe walio hai, na chakula na mazingira kwa ajili ya wanadamu. Huu ndio ulikuwa mwanzo wa usimamizi wa Mungu.
Baada ya hapo, Mungu Alimkabidhi mwanadamu kwa Shetani, mwanadamu aliishi chini ya miliki ya Shetani, na hili taratibu lilisababisha kazi ya Mungu ya enzi ya kwanza: hadithi ya Enzi ya Sheria…. Kipindi cha miaka elfu kadhaa za Enzi ya Sheria, wanadamu walikuwa wazoefu wa maelekezo ya Enzi ya Sheria, na wakaanza kupuuza, na taratibu wakaacha ulinzi wa Mungu. Na hivyo, pamoja na kushikilia sheria, walimwabudu Mungu na kutenda matendo maovu. Walikuwa bila ulinzi wa Yehova, na waliishi tu mbele ya madhabahu ndani ya hekalu. Kwa kweli, Kazi ya Mungu ilikuwa imejitenga nao kitambo sana, na hata kama Waisraeli walijikita katika sheria, na kulitaja jina la Yehova, na kwa majivuno kuamini kuwa wao pekee ndio walikuwa watu wa Yehova na walikuwa wamechaguliwa na Yehova, utukufu wa Mungu uliwaacha kimyakimya …
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Kama ilivyokuwa kawaida, baada ya kazi ya Yehova katika Enzi ya Sheria, Mungu Alianza kazi yake ya hatua ya pili: kwa kuutwaa mwili—kuwa na mwili kama binadamu kwa miaka kumi, ishirini—na kuongea na kufanya kazi Yake Kati ya waumini. Na bado bila mapendeleo, hakuna aliyejua, na ni idadi ndogo tu ya watu walitambua kuwa Alikuwa Mungu Aliyepata mwili baada ya Yesu Kristo kupigiliwa misumari msalabani na kufufuka. … Baada tu ya kazi ya Mungu katika hatua ya pili kukamilika—baada ya kusulubishwa—kazi ya Mungu ya kutoa mwanadamu kwenye dhambi (ambayo ni kusema, kumtoa mwanadamu mikononi mwa Shetani) ilitimilika. Na hivyo, kutoka wakati huo kuendelea mbele, wanadamu walipaswa tu kumpokea Yesu Kristo kama Mwokozi ili dhambi zao ziweze kusamehewa. Yaani, dhambi za wanadamu hazikuwa tena kizuizi cha kuufikia wokovu wake na kuja mbele za Mungu na hazikuwa tena nguvu za kushawishi ambazo Shetani alitumia kumlaumu mwanadamu. Hii ni kwa sababu Mungu Mwenyewe Alikuwa Amefanya kazi halisi, na kuwa katika mfano na limbuko la mwili wenye dhambi, na Mungu mwenyewe Alikuwa sadaka ya dhambi. Kwa njia hii, mwanadamu alishuka kutoka msalabani, akiwa amekombolewa na mwili wa Mungu, mfano wa huu mwili wa dhambi. Na hivyo, baada ya kushikwa mateka na Shetani, mwanadamu alikuja hatua moja mbele karibu na kukubali wokovu mbele za Mungu. Kwa hakika, huu ulingo wa kazi ndio ulikuwa usimamizi wa Mungu ambao ulikuwa hatua moja mbali na Enzi ya sheria, na wa kiwango cha ndani kuliko Enzi ya Sheria.
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Baadaye kukaja Enzi ya Ufalme, ambayo ni hatua ya utendaji zaidi na bado ni ngumu zaidi kukubalika na mwanadamu. Hii ni kwa sababu jinsi mwanadamu ajavyo karibu na Mungu, ndivyo afikapo karibu na kiboko cha Mungu, na ndivyo uso wa Mungu unavyokuwa wazi mbele ya mwanadamu. Kwa kufuatia kukombolewa kwa wanadamu, mwanadamu kirasmi anarejelea familia ya Mungu. Mwanadamu alifikiria kuwa huu ndio wakati wa kufurahia, bado ameegemezwa kwa shambulizi la Mungu na mifano ya yale ambayo bado hayajaonekana na yeyote: Inavyokuwa, huu ni ubatizo ambao watu wa Mungu wanapaswa “kuufurahia.” Katika muktadha huo, watu hawana lingine ila kuacha na kujifikiria wao wenyewe, Mimi ndimi mwanakondoo, aliyepotea kwa miaka mingi, ambaye Mungu Amegharamika kumnunua, sasa kwa nini Mungu Ananitendea hivi? Ama ni njia ya Mungu kunicheka, na kunifichua? ... Baada ya miaka mingi kupita, mwanadamu amedhoofika, kwa kuupitia ugumu wa usafishaji na kuadibu. Ijapokuwa mwanadamu amepoteza “utukufu” na “mapenzi” ya wakati uliopita, bila ya kufahamu amekuja kuelewa ukweli wa kuwa mwanadamu, na amekuja kutambua kazi ya Mungu ya kujitolea kuokoa wanadamu. Taratibu mwanadamu anaanza kuchukia ushenzi wake mwenyewe. Anaanza kuchukia jinsi alivyo mkali, na lawama kuelekea kwa Mungu, na mahitaji yote yasiyokuwa na mwelekeo aliyodai kutoka Kwake. Wakati hauwezi ukarudishwa nyuma, matendo ya zamani huwa ya kujuta katika kumbukumbu za mwanadamu, na maneno na upendo wa Mungu vinakuwa ndivyo vinavyomwendesha mwanadamu katika maisha Yake mapya. Majeraha ya mwanadamu hupona siku baada ya siku, nguvu humrudia, na akasimama na kutazamia uso Wake mwenye Uweza … ndipo anagundua kuwa daima Ameishi kando yangu, na kwamba tabasamu Lake na sura Yake ya kupendeza bado zinasisimua. Moyo Wake bado unawajali wanadamu Aliowaumba, na mikono Yake bado ina joto na nguvu kama ilivyokuwa hapo mwanzoni. Ni kama mwanadamu alirudi kwenye bustani ya Edeni, lakini wakati huu mwanadamu hasikizi ushawishi wa nyoka, na hatazami kando na uso wa Yehova. Mwanadamu anapiga magoti mbele ya Mungu, na kutazama uso Wake wenye tabasamu, na kumtolea Mungu kafara yenye thamani—Ee! Bwana wangu, Mungu wangu!
kutoka katika “Mwanadamu Anaweza Kuokolewa Katikati ya Usimamizi wa Mungu Pekee” katika Neno Laonekana katika Mwili
Kazi iliyofanywa na Yesu ilikuwa tu hatua moja juu zaidi ya Agano la Kale; ilitumiwa kuianza enzi, na kuiongoza enzi hiyo. Kwa nini Alisema, “Sikuja kuharibu sheria, bali kuitimiza”? Lakini katika kazi Yake kulikuwa na mengi ambayo yalitofautiana na sheria zilizotumika na amri zilizofuatwa na Waisraeli wa Agano la Kale, kwani Hakuja kuitii sheria, bali kuitimiza. Mchakato wa kuitimiza ulikuwa pamoja na mambo mengi halisi: Kazi Yake ilikuwa ya vitendo zaidi na halisi, na, zaidi ya hayo, ilikuwa hai, na sio tu kufuata mafundisho ya dini bila ufahamu. Je, Waisraeli hawakuitii Sabato? Yesu alipokuja Hakuitii Sabato, kwani Alisema kwamba Mwana wa Adamu alikuwa Bwana wa Sabato, na wakati ambapo Bwana wa Sabato alikuja, Angefanya Alivyopenda. Alikuwa Amekuja kutimiza sheria za Agano la Kale na kuzibadilisha sheria. Yote ambayo hufanywa leo ni kwa msingi wa siku hizi, lakini bado yako juu ya msingi wa kazi ya Bwana katika Enzi ya Sheria, na hayavuki mipaka ya eneo hili. Kuulinda ndimi zenu, na kutozini, kwa mfano—Je, hizi si sheria za Agano la Kale? Leo, kile kinachotakikana kwenu sio chenye upeo wa amri kumi tu, lakini ni kuwa na amri na sheria ambazo zina ukuu kuliko hizo zilizokuja hapo awali, ila hii haina maana kuwa kile kilichokuja hapo awali kimeondolewa, kwa kuwa kila awamu ya kazi ya Mungu hufanywa juu ya msingi wa awamu ambayo ilikuja hapo awali. Na kuhusu kile ambacho Yehova aliwasilisha kwa Israeli, kama vile kuwahitaji watu kutoa sadaka, kuwaheshimu wazazi wao, kutoabudu sanamu, kutowadhulumu au kutukana wengine, kutozini, kutovuta sigara au kutokunywa pombe, na kutokula nyamafu au kunywa damu, je, huo si muundo msingi wa utendaji wenu hata leo? Kazi iliyotekelezwa hadi leo iko juu ya msingi wa mambo ya zamani. Ingawa sheria za zamani hazitajwi tena, nawe umewekewa madai mapya, sheria hizi mbali na kufutwa, badala yake, zimeinuliwa katika hadhi ya juu zaidi. Kusema kwamba zimefutwa kuna maana kwamba enzi ya awali imepitwa na wakati, wakati kuna amri zingine ambazo lazima uzitii milele yote. Amri za zamani tayari zimetiwa katika vitendo, tayari zimekuwa nafsi ya mwanadamu, na hakuna haja ya kurudia kusema amri za kutovuta sigara, kutokunywa pombe, na kadhalika. Juu ya msingi huu, amri mpya zimeagizwa kufuatana na mahitaji yenu leo, kufuatana na kimo chenu, na kufuatana na kazi ya leo. Kutangaza amri kwa ajili ya enzi mpya hakumaanishi kufuta amri za enzi ya kale, bali kuziinua juu zaidi ya msingi huu, kuyafanya matendo ya mwanadamu kuwa kamili zaidi, na kufuatana na uhalisi zaidi. Kama, leo, mngetakiwa tu kufuata amri na kutii sheria za Agano la Kale, kwa namna sawa na wana wa Israeli, na kama, hata, nyinyi mlitakiwa mkariri sheria ambazo ziliwekwa na Bwana, hakungekuwa na uwezekano kwamba mngeweza kubadilika. Kama mngekuwa tu mnatakiwa kutii zile amri chache zilizo na mipaka ama kukariri sheria zisizohesabika, asili zenu za zamani zingebaki zimekita mizizi, na hakungekuwa na mbinu ya kuzing’oa. Hivyo mngeendelea kuzidi kupotoshwa, na hakuna hata mmoja wenu angeweza kuwa mtiifu. Ambayo ni kusema kwamba amri chache rahisi au sheria zisizohesabika hazina uwezo wa kuwasaidia kujua matendo ya Yehova. Nyinyi si sawa na wana wa Israeli: kwa kufuata sheria na kukariri amri waliweza kushuhudia matendo ya Yehova, na kumpa Yeye pekee ibada yao, lakini hamwezi kufanikisha hili, na amri chache za Agano la Kale haziwezi tu kuwafanya nyinyi kupeana mioyo yenu, au kuwalinda, lakini badala yake itawafanya muwe wazembe, na kuwateremsha mpaka Kuzimu. Kwa sababu kazi Yangu ni kazi ya ushindi, na inalenga uasi wenu na asili yenu ya zamani. Maneno yenye huruma ya Yehova na Yesu yanapungukiwa mno na maneno makali ya hukumu leo. Bila maneno makali kama haya, ingekuwa vigumu kuwashinda ninyi “wataalam,” ambao mmekua wasiotii kwa miaka elfu nyingi. Sheria za Agano la Kale zilipoteza nguvu zake kwenu kwa muda mrefu uliopita, na hukumu ya leo ni ya kuogofya mno kuliko sheria za zamani. Ya kuwafaa nyinyi zaidi ni hukumu, na wala si vikwazo duni vya sheria, kwa kuwa ninyi si wanadamu wa mwanzo kabisa, lakini wanadamu ambao wamekuwa fisadi kwa miaka elfu nyingi. Kile ambacho mwanadamu lazima atimize sasa ni kulingana na hali halisi ya mwanadamu leo, kulingana na tabia bora na kimo halisi cha mwanadamu wa siku hizi, na hakihitaji kwamba wewe ufuate mafundisho ya dini. Hii ni kwa minajili ya mabadiliko yaweze kupatikana katika asili zako za zamani, na ili uweze kutupa kando dhana zako.
kutoka katika “Maono ya Kazi ya Mungu (1)” katika Neno Laonekana katika Mwili
Ingawa njia ambayo mwanadamu hutembea leo pia ni njia ya msalaba na ya kuteseka, kile ambacho mwanadamu wa leo hutenda, hula, hunywa na hufurahia ni tofauti zaidi na yale ya mwanadamu aliyekuwa chini ya sheria na katika Enzi ya Neema. Kinachohitajika kutoka kwa mwanadamu wakati huu sio kama ilivyokuwa kitambo na zaidi sio kama kilichohitajika kutoka kwake katika Enzi ya Sheria. Na ni kipi kilichoulizwa kwa mwanadamu chini ya Sheria kazi ilipofanya Israeli? Hawakuulizwa chochote zaidi ya kuiheshimu Sabato na Sheria za Yehova. Lakini si hivyo katika wakati huu. Siku ya Sabato, mwanadamu anafanya kazi, hukusanyika na kuomba kama kawaida, na hakuna vizuizi vinavyowekwa. Wale katika Enzi ya Neema ilibidi wabatizwe, na pia zaidi walitarajiwa kufunga, kuvunja mkate, kunywa divai, kufunika vichwa vyao na kuwaoshea wengine miguu yao. Sasa, sheria hizi zimefutwa na mahitaji makuu yanaulizwa kutoka kwa mwanadamu, kwani kazi ya Mungu inaendelea kuimarika na kuingia kwa mwanadamu kunafika kiwango cha juu. Zamani, Yesu Aliweka mikono Yake juu ya mwanadamu na kuomba, lakini sasa kwamba kila kitu kimesemwa, kuwekelea mikono kuna maana gani? Maneno pekee yanaweza kupata matokeo. Alipowekelea mikono Yake juu ya mwanadamu hapo awali, ilikuwa ni kwa ajili ya kumbariki na kumponya mwanadamu. Hivyo ndivyo Roho Mtakatifu Alivyofanya kazi wakati huo, lakini sio hivyo wakati huu. Wakati huu, Roho Mtakatifu Anatumia maneno katika kazi Yake ili kupata matokeo. Ameyafanya maneno Yake wazi kwenu, na mnapaswa tu kuyaweka katika matendo. Maneno Yake ni mapenzi Yake na yanaonyesha kazi Atakayofanya. Kupitia kwa maneno Yake, utaweza kuelewa mapenzi Yake na yale ambayo Anauliza upate. Unayaweka tu maneno Yake katika matendo moja kwa moja bila haja ya kuwekelea mikono. Wengine wanaweza kusema, “Wekelea mikono Yako juu yangu! Wekelea mikono yako juu yangu ili niweze kupokea baraka zako na kushiriki kwako.” Haya yote ni mazoezi yaliyopitwa na wakati na ambayo yanakataliwa katika wakati huu, kwani enzi zimebadilika. Roho Mtakatifu Anafanya kazi kulingana na enzi, sio tu katika mapenzi Yake ama kulingana na masharti. Enzi zimebadilika, na enzi mpya lazima ilete kazi mpya. Huu ni ukweli wa kila hatua ya kazi, na hivyo kazi Yake haiwezi kurudiwa. Katika Enzi ya Neema, Yesu Alifanya nyingi ya kazi hiyo, kama kuponya magonjwa, kukemea mapepo, kuwekelea mikono Yake juu ya wanadamu, na kumbariki mwanadamu. Hata hivyo, kuendelea kufanya hivyo hakutasaidia chochote katika wakati huu. Roho Mtakatifu Alifanya kazi hivyo katika huo wakati, kwani ilikuwa Enzi ya Neema, na mwanadamu alipewa neema ya kutosha ili afurahie. Mwanadamu hakuhitajika kulipa gharama yoyote na angepokea neema mradi tu angekuwa na imani. Kila mtu alitendewa kwa neema kubwa. Sasa, enzi imebadilika, na kazi ya Mungu imeendelea zaidi; kupitia kuadibu na hukumu Yake, uasi wa mwanadamu na vitu vichafu katika mwanadamu vitatupiliwa mbali. Jinsi ilivyokuwa hatua ya wokovu, ilimbidi Mungu kufanya kazi hiyo, Akimwonyesha mwanadamu neema ya kutosha ili mwanadamu afurahie, ili Amkomboe mwanadamu kutoka kwa dhambi, na kwa neema amsamehe mwanadamu dhambi zake. Hatua hii ya sasa ni ya kufichua udhalimu ulio ndani ya mwanadamu kwa njia ya kuadibu, hukumu, kupigwa na maneno, na vile vile nidhamu na ufunuo wa maneno, ili baadaye binadamu waweze kuokolewa. Hii ni kazi ya undani zaidi kuliko ukombozi. Katika Enzi ya Neema, mwanadamu alifurahia neema ya kutosha na amezoea neema hii, kwa hivyo sio ya kufurahiwa na mwanadamu tena. Kazi kama hii imepitwa na wakati sasa na haitafanyika tena. Sasa, mwanadamu anaokolewa kupitia hukumu ya neno. Baada ya mwanadamu kuhukumiwa, kuadibiwa na kusafishwa, tabia yake basi inabadilika. Je sio kwa sababu ya maneno ambayo Nimenena? Kila hatua ya kazi inafanywa kulingana na maendeleo ya binadamu wote na kwa enzi. Kazi yote ina umuhimu wake; inafanywa kwa ajili ya wokovu wa mwisho, ili binadamu awe na hatima nzuri baadaye, na kwa mwanadamu kugawanywa kulingana na aina Yake mwishowe.
kutoka katika “Fumbo la Kupata Mwili (4)” katika Neno Laonekana katika Mwili
Wakati wa Enzi ya Sheria, Yehova Alimwongoza Musa kutoka Misri kwa maneno Yake, na Akazungumza maneno fulani kwa Wanaisraeli; wakati huo, sehemu ya matendo ya Mungu yaliwekwa wazi, lakini kwa sababu ubora wa tabia ya mwanadamu ulikuwa finyu na hakuna kitu chochote ambacho kingeweza kufanya maarifa yake kukamilika, Mungu Aliendelea kuzungumza na kufanya kazi. Wakati wa Enzi ya Neema, mwanadamu aliweza kuona tena sehemu ya matendo ya Mungu. Yesu Aliweza kuonyesha ishara na maajabu, kuponya wagonjwa na kutoa mapepo, na kusulubishwa, siku tatu baadaye. Akafufuka na Akawatokea watu Akiwa katika mwili. Kumhusu Mungu, mwanadamu hakujua chochote zaidi ya hiki. Mwanadamu anajua tu kile ambacho Mungu Amemwonyesha, na kama Mungu Asingeonyesha chochote zaidi kwa mwanadamu, basi hicho kingekuwa kiwango cha mwanadamu kumwekea mipaka Mungu. Hivyo, Mungu Anaendelea kufanya kazi, ili maarifa ya mwanadamu juu Yake yaweze kuwa ya kina zaidi, na ili taratibu aweze kuijua hulka ya Mungu. Katika siku za mwisho, Mungu anatumia maneno yake kumkamilisha mwanadamu. Tabia yako iliyoharibika imewekwa wazi kwa maneno ya Mungu, na dhana zako za kidini zinaondolewa na uhalisia wa Mungu. Mungu katika mwili wa siku za mwisho Amekuja hasa kwa ajili ya kutimiza maneno haya kwamba “Neno Lafanyika kuwa mwili, Neno Lakuwa mwili, na Neno Laonekana katika mwili,” na kama huna maarifa ya kina kuhusu hili, basi hutaweza kusimama imara. Wakati wa siku za mwisho, kimsingi Mungu Anakusudia kukamilisha hatua ya kazi ambayo kwayo Neno Anaonekana katika mwili, na hii ni sehemu moja ya mpango wa usimamizi wa Mungu. Hivyo, maarifa yenu yanapaswa kuwa wazi; bila kujali namna ambavyo Mungu Anafanya kazi, Mungu Hamruhusu mwanadamu kumwekea mipaka. Ikiwa Mungu Asingefanya kazi hii wakati wa siku za mwisho, basi maarifa ya mwanadamu juu Yake yasingeweza kwenda popote. Ungeweza kujua tu kwamba Mungu Anaweza kusulubiwa na Anaweza kuiangamiza Sodoma, na kwamba Yesu Anaweza kufufuliwa kutoka katika wafu na kumtokea Petro.... Lakini usingeweza kusema kwamba maneno ya Mungu yanaweza kutimiza yote, na yanaweza kumshinda mwanadamu. Ni kwa njia tu ya kupitia uzoefu wa maneno ya Mungu ndipo unaweza kuzungumza juu ya maarifa hayo, na kadri unapopitia uzoefu wa kazi ya Mungu zaidi, ndivyo maarifa yako yanavyokuwa ya kina zaidi kumhusu Yeye. Ni baada ya hapo tu ndipo utaacha kumwekea Mungu mipaka ndani ya dhana zako binafsi.
kutoka katika “Kuijua Kazi ya Mungu Leo” katika Neno Laonekana katika Mwili
Katika kazi ya siku za mwisho, neno ni kubwa zaidi ya udhihirisho wa ishara na maajabu, na mamlaka ya neno yanashinda yale ya ishara na maajabu. Neno linaweka wazi tabia zote potovu katika moyo wa mwanadamu. Huwezi kutambua binafsi wewe mwenyewe. Yatakapofunuliwa kwako kupitia kwa neno, utakuja kujua mwenyewe; hutaweza kuyakataa, na utashawishika kikamilifu. Je haya si mamlaka ya neno? Haya ndiyo matokeo yanayopatikana kwa kazi ya wakati huu ya neno. Kwa hivyo, mwanadamu hawezi kuokolewa kikamilifu kutoka kwa dhambi zake kwa kuponya magonjwa na kukemea mapepo na hawezi kufanywa mkamilifu kabisa kwa udhihirisho wa ishara na maajabu. Mamlaka ya kuponya na kukemea mapepo yanapatia mwanadamu neema tu, lakini mwili wa mwanadamu bado ni wa Shetani na tabia potovu za kishetani zitabaki ndani ya mwanadamu. Kwa maneno mengine, yale ambayo hayajatakaswa bado ni ya dhambi na uchafu. Ni baada tu ya mwanadamu kufanywa safi kupitia kwa maneno ndipo atakapotwaliwa na Mungu na kutakaswa. Wakati mapepo yalikemewa kutoka kwa mwanadamu na alikombolewa, hii ilimaanisha tu kwamba alipokonywa kutoka kwa mikono ya Shetani na kurudishwa kwa Mungu. Hata hivyo, hajafanywa msafi ama kubadilishwa na Mungu, anabaki mpotovu. Ndani ya mwanadamu bado kuna uchafu, pingamizi na uasi; mwanadamu amerudi tu kwa Mungu kupitia kwa ukombozi, lakini mwanadamu hana maarifa kumhusu na bado anamkataa na kumsaliti Mungu. Kabla ya mwanadamu kukombolewa, sumu nyingi ya Shetani ilikuwa imepandwa ndani yake tayari. Baada ya miaka mingi ya upotovu wa Shetani, mwanadamu tayari ana asili ndani yake inayompinga Mungu. Hivyo, mwanadamu atakapokombolewa, hakitakuwa kitu kingine ila ni ukombozi, ambapo mwanadamu ananunuliwa kwa gharama kuu, lakini asili ya sumu ndani yake haijaondolewa. Mwanadamu ambaye amechafuliwa lazima apitie mabadiliko kabla ya kuwa wa kustahili kumtumikia Mungu. Kupitia kazi hii ya kuadibu na hukumu, mwanadamu atakuja kujua hali yake kamili ya uchafu na upotovu ndani Yake, na ataweza kubadilika kabisa na kuwa msafi. Ni hivi tu ndivyo mwanadamu ataweza kustahili kurudi katika kiti cha enzi cha Mungu. Kazi yote ifanywayo siku hii ya leo ni ili mwanadamu afanywe msafi na kubadilika; kupitia hukumu na kuadibiwa na neno, na pia kutakaswa, mwanadamu anaweza kuutupa nje upotovu wake na kufanywa safi. Badala ya kuichukua hatua hii ya kazi kuwa ile ya wokovu, itafaa zaidi kusema kuwa ni kazi ya utakaso. Kwa kweli hatua hii ni ile ya ushindi na pia hatua ya pili ya wokovu. Mwanadamu anatwaliwa na Mungu kupitia hukumu na kuadibu na neno; kwa kutumia neno kusafisha, hukumu na kufichua, uchafu wote, fikira, nia, na matumaini ya mtu mwenyewe katika moyo wa mwanadamu zinafuliwa. Ingawa mwanadamu amekombolewa na kusamehewa dhambi zake, inachukuliwa kuwa Mungu hakumbuki makosa ya mwanadamu na kutomtendea mwanadamu kulingana na makosa yake. Hata hivyo, mwanadamu anapoishi katika mwili na hajaachiliwa huru kutoka kwa dhambi, ataendelea tu kutenda dhambi, akiendelea kufunua tabia yake potovu ya kishetani. Haya ndiyo maisha ambayo mwanadamu anaishi, mzunguko usiokoma wa dhambi na msamaha. Wengi wa wanadamu wanatenda dhambi mchana kisha wanakiri jioni. Hivyo, hata kama sadaka ya dhambi ni ya manufaa kwa binadamu milele, haitaweza kumwokoa mwanadamu kutoka kwenye dhambi. Ni nusu tu ya kazi ya wokovu ndiyo imemalizika, kwani mwanadamu bado yuko na tabia potovu. Kwa mfano, wakati ambapo watu walijua kwamba walitoka kwa Moabu, walitoa maneno ya malalamiko, hawakutafuta tena uzima, na wakawa baridi kabisa. Je, hili halionyeshi kwamba bado hawawezi kutii kwa ukamilifu kutawaliwa na Mungu? Je, hii siyo tabia ya kishetani ya upotovu kabisa? Ulipokuwa hupitii kuadibu, mikono yako iliinuliwa juu zaidi ya wengine wote, hata ile ya Yesu. Na ulilia kwa sauti kubwa: Kuwa mwana mpendwa wa Mungu! Kuwa mwandani wa Mungu! Ni heri tufe kuliko kumtii Shetani! Muasi Shetani wa zamani! Liasi joka kuu jekundu! Acha joka kuu jekundu lianguke kabisa kutoka mamlakani! Acha Mungu atufanye kamili! Vilio vyako vilikuwa vikubwa zaidi ya wengine. Lakini kisha zikaja nyakati za kuadibu na, mara tena, tabia ya upotovu ya watu ilifichuliwa. Kisha, vilio vyao vikakoma, na hawakuwa tena na azimio. Huu ni upotovu wa mwanadamu; unaingia ndani zaidi kuliko dhambi, ulipandwa na Shetani na umekita mizizi ndani zaidi ya mwanadamu. Sio rahisi kwa mwanadamu kuzifahamu dhambi zake; mwanadamu hawezi kufahamu asili yake iliyokita mizizi. Ni kupitia tu katika hukumu na neno ndipo mabadiliko haya yatatokea. Hapo tu ndipo mwanadamu ataendelea kubadilika kutoka hatua hiyo kuendelea. Mwanadamu alipiga kelele hivyo wakati uliopita kwa sababu mwanadamu hakuwa na ufahamu wa tabia yake potovu ya asili. Huo ndio uchafu ulio ndani ya mwanadamu. Kotekote katika kipindi kirefu hivyo cha hukumu na kuadibu, mwanadamu aliishi katika mazingira ya mvutano. Je, haya yote hayakutimizwa kupitia kwa neno? Wewe pia hukulia kwa sauti ya juu kabla ya majaribio ya[a] watendaji huduma? Ingia katika ufalme! Wale wote ambao wanalikubali jina hili wataingia katika ufalme! Wote watashiriki Mungu! Wakati ambapo majaribio ya watendaji huduma yalikuja, hukulia tena. Mwanzoni, wote walilia, “Mungu! Popote Uniwekapo, nitatii kuongozwa na Wewe.” Baada ya kusoma maneno ya Mungu, “Nani atakuwa Paulo Wangu?” mwanadamu alisema, “Niko radhi!” Kisha akayaona maneno, “Na kuhusu imani ya Ayubu?” Kwa hiyo akasema, “Niko radhi kuichukua imani ya Ayubu. Mungu, tafadhali nijaribu!” Majaribio ya watendaji huduma yalipokuja, alizirai mara moja na nusura angekosa kusimama tena. Baada ya hilo, uchafu ndani ya moyo wa mwanadamu ulipungua polepole. Je, hili halikutimizwa kupitia kwa neno? Kwa hiyo, kile ambacho mmepitia wakati wa sasa ni matokeo ambayo hutimizwa kupitia kwa neno, hata makuu zaidi ya yale ambayo hutimizwa kupitia kwa Yesu kufanya ishara na maajabu. Utukufu wa Mungu na mamlaka ya Mungu Mwenyewe ambayo ninyi huona hayaonekani tu kupitia kwa usulubishaji, uponyaji wa magonjwa na ufukuzaji wa pepo, lakini zaidi kupitia kwa hukumu Yake kwa neno. Hili hukuonyesha wewe kwamba sio tu ufanyaji wa ishara, uponyaji wa magonjwa na ufukuzaji wa pepo ndiyo mamlaka na nguvu za Mungu, bali hukumu kwa neno unaweza kuwakilisha bora mamlaka ya Mungu na kufichua uweza Wake.
kutoka katika “Fumbo la Kupata Mwili (4)” katika Neno Laonekana katika Mwili
Katika kazi ya wokovu wa mwanadamu, hatua tatu zimefanywa, ambayo ni kusema kuwa vita na Shetani vimegawanyika katika hatua tatu kabla ya kushindwa kabisa kwa Shetani. Na bado ukweli wa ndani wa kazi yote ya vita dhidi ya Shetani ni kwamba matokeo yake yanatimizwa kupitia kumpa mwanadamu neema, na kuwa sadaka ya dhambi ya mwanadamu, kuzisamehe dhambi za mwanadamu, kumshinda mwanadamu, na kumfanya mwanadamu akamilishwe. Kusema ukweli, vita na Shetani hajiandai kupigana na Shetani, bali ni wokovu wa mwanadamu, kuyashughulikia maisha ya mwanadamu, na kubadilishwa kwa tabia ya mwanadamu ili kwamba aweze kumshuhudia Mungu. Hivi ndivyo Shetani anashindwa. Shetani anashindwa kwa kubadilisha tabia potovu ya mwanadamu. Wakati Shetani ameshindwa, yaani, wakati mwanadamu ameokolewa kabisa, basi Shetani aliyeaibika atafungwa kabisa, na kwa njia hii, mwanadamu atakuwa ameokolewa kabisa. Na kwa hivyo, kiini cha wokovu wa mwanadamu ni vita dhidi ya Shetani, na vita na Shetani vitajitokeza kimsingi katika wokovu wa mwanadamu. Hatua ya siku za mwisho, ambapo mwanadamu atashindwa, ni hatua ya mwisho katika vita dhidi ya Shetani, na pia kazi ya wokovu kamili wa mwanadamu kutoka kwa miliki ya Shetani. Maana ya ndani ya ushindi wa mwanadamu ni kurudi kwa mfano halisi wa Shetani, mtu ambaye amepotoshwa na Shetani, kwa Muumba baada ya ushindi wake, kwa njia ambayo atamwacha Shetani na kurejea kabisa kwa Mungu. Kwa njia hii, mwanadamu atakuwa ameokolewa kabisa. Na kwa hivyo, kazi ya ushindi ni kazi ya mwisho katika vita dhidi ya Shetani, na hatua ya mwisho katika kazi ya Mungu ya usimamizi kwa ajili ya kushindwa kwa Shetani. Bila kazi hii, wokovu kamili wa mwanadamu hatimaye haungewezekana, kushindwa kikamilifu kwa Shetani kusingewezekana, na wanadamu kamwe hawangekuwa na uwezo wa kuingia kwenye hatima ya ajabu, ama kuwa huru kutoka kwa ushawishi wa Shetani. Kwa hivyo, kazi ya wokovu wa mwanadamu haiwezi kukamilishwa kabla vita dhidi ya Shetani havijahitimishwa, kwa kuwa msingi wa kazi ya Mungu ya usimamizi ni kwa ajili ya wokovu wa mwanadamu. Mwanadamu wa kwanza kabisa alikuwa kwa mikono ya Mungu, lakini kwa sababu ya majaribu ya Shetani na upotovu wake, mwanadamu alifungwa na Shetani na kuanguka katika mikono ya yule mwovu. Kwa hivyo, Shetani akakuwa mlengwa wa kushindwa katika kazi ya Mungu ya usimamizi. Kwa sababu Shetani alichukua umiliki wa mwanadamu, na kwa sababu mwanadamu ndiye kiini cha usimamizi wote wa Mungu, kama mwanadamu ni wa kuokolewa, basi ni lazima anyakuliwe kutoka mikononi mwa Shetani, yaani mwanadamu ni lazima achukuliwe baada ya kutekwa nyara na Shetani. Shetani anashindwa kupitia mabadiliko ya tabia ya mwanadamu ya zamani ambayo hurejesha hisia zake za awali, na kwa njia hii, mwanadamu, ambaye ametekwa nyara, anaweza kunyakuliwa kutoka mikononi mwa Shetani. Kama mwanadamu anawekwa huru kutokana na ushawishi wa Shetani na utumwa wake, Shetani ataaibika, mwanadamu hatimaye atarejeshwa, na Shetani atakuwa ameshindwa. Na kwa sababu mwanadamu amewekwa huru kutoka kwa ushawishi wa giza wa Shetani, mwanadamu atakuwa mabaki ya vita hivi vyote, na Shetani atakuwa ndiye mlengwa ambaye ataadhibiwa punde tu vita hivi vitakapokamilika, na baada ya hapo kazi nzima ya wokovu wa mwanadamu itakuwa imekamilika.
kutoka katika “Kurejesha Maisha ya Kawaida ya Mwanadamu na Kumpeleka Kwenye Hatima ya Ajabu” katika Neno Laonekana katika Mwili
Image Source: Kanisa la Mwenyezi Mungu
Terms of Use: sw.godfootsteps.org/about-us.html
"Podemos imaginar coisas que são falsas mas só compreendemos as verdades, porque apreender uma falsidade não é compreender."
Sir Isaac Newton
Isto talvez explique porque há pessoas tão difíceis de compreender. :D
Tenham uma ótima quinta e, se possível, repleta de compreensão. :)
---
"A man may imagine things that are false, but he can only understand things that are true, for if the things be false, the apprehension of them is not understanding."
Sir Isaac Newton
This may explain why there are some people so hard to understand. :D
Wish you all a great Thursday, with as much understanding as possible. :)
Understanding the landscape around Yanonge, DRC.
Photo by Ahtziri Gonzalez/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
The Memorandum of Understanding renews and expands collaboration on global scientific and technological solutions over the next five years. The extended agreement reaffirms both agencies’ commitment to jointly address critical development and humanitarian challenges affecting the United States and developing countries through the generation and use of scientific research, innovations, and technologies and advances further interagency collaboration under the President’s Emergency Plan for Adaptation and Resilience (PREPARE). Specifically, the partnership will draw on NASA's Earth science research and space technology development to help inform USAID’s global programming.
thursday 5th february 2015
alter-universes and things
we came to the conclusion in part 1 of this text, that pure singleness is the condition prior to our being real in space and time, and if this conclusion is forced upon us by quantum entanglement, then we ourselves are always entangled with every other thing - we see things because we are those very things that we see.
in other words, i am actually not conscious of seeing you, being out there in the distance, rather i have extensive understandings-with you which are the basis of our shared reality. there is no space (or time) between us - i see you because i am you. each of these understandings-with the other we call an ‘entanglement of alter-universes’, and later we hope to show exactly how these alter-universes are entangled, and extend as the basis of everything. suffice to say, the more entangled we are, the closer you appear to be.
each real thing we see around us is actually an infinite complexity of entangled alter-universes of pure difference - each extending (-with us) as its own time and space. (later we hope to show how time and space come into being-with things.) this infinite entanglement of relative spacetimes has profound implications for our comprehending of gravity, light, and the constancy of light speed in particular.
let us assume that the speed of light is constant for all observers only because the infinite number of alter-universes which constitute the observers are entangled. in other words, light does not travel through space, rather it is a function of my symmetrical becoming-with the others with which i am entangled.
saturday 7th february 2015
pure singleness, symmetry and force
we asserted previously that the pure singleness of difference must be symmetrical. the reason we said this is simply because that for each extending of pure singleness which is ‘different from its other’, there must also be that very other from which it is different, and which is also ‘different from its other’.
this is our core comprehending of the pure singleness of difference, (on which is based the phenomenon of entanglement). in other words, we say that these two differentials are most profoundly entangled, because each is the very extending of the other. difference is the auto-entanglement of pure singleness.
if each differential that forms this simplest of all alter-universes is nothing but its difference from the other, then each must depend on the other for its very extending - its entire (pre)existence. this symmetrical extending out of the other we call their mutual understanding-with, and each differential feels this understanding-with the other as the force of its own otherness - its ‘self at a distance’ - its life force. all force is the force of otherness, the force of our own entanglement-with pure singleness.
wednesday 11th february 2015
alter-universes, strings and things
before we go any further, we need to re-emphasize this precept: that our comprehending of things is not isolated from that which we comprehend; and the means by which we comprehend the universe very much depends on how we comprehend the universe. plainly, it is because we comprehend the universe in a quantized way as ‘different things in time and space,’ that we must assume that our comprehending is quantized (packeted, grainy or particulate).
however, having said that, we have been considering pure singleness as the basis of this universe of things in time and space; and we have begun to think of things, not as separate particles, but as entangled alter-universes.
in other words, anything of any scale - from something the size of the universe, to something the size of a star, to something the size of a motor car, to something the size of an atom, to something the planck scale of a string (theory), is actually the extending of pure singleness as an entanglement of alter-universes. it's not that things don’t exist, it’s just that reality is quantized as we comprehend it.
we must also be clear that we do not mean to suggest that pure singleness is a thing which extends as subsidiary things. as yet we have few ideas actually about pure singleness, other than to assert that the basic condition of things is that we extend as pure singleness.
last saturday we touched briefly on the most primitive of all possible alter-universes - the symmetrical extending of two differentials. but we must admit that although it understands itself, there is no way for this primitive ‘twofold’ alter-universe to comprehend itself. the most primitive alter-universe - which can also comprehend itself - is a threefold alter-universe; simply because for any basic difference of two, there must also be a third entangled differential to comprehend the difference between the other two. this it does by extending as nothing but its difference from them. inasmuch as all three constitute a singular, symmetrical, threefold entanglement of alter-universes, the manner of their comprehending is identical; but each actually comprehends as its ownmost differentiated constitution - a product of the combined constitutions of the others.
to be clear, the reason that any threefold(+) entanglement of alter-universes comprehends itself as a thing, is because each of its constituent differentials comprehends this and nothing else - ‘i am nothing but my difference from you’. this is the identical manner of their comprehending, but the basic understanding of each with the others is as its ownmost difference from them. for example: a threefold entanglement of alter-universes whose understandings-with are A(BC) B(CA) C(AB) comprehends itself as the thing ABC{(BC)(CA)(AB)}.
understanding is the most primitive extending of difference. we call it 'understanding' because each differential extends ‘under the standing’ of the other - as the very extending of the other. this is what we mean by entanglement.
in concluding this section, let us assert that these primitive alter-universes are the purely single extending of the strings of string theory.
saturday 14th february 2015
force, energy, space and time
let us imagine that all things as we comprehend them (such as the moon) extend as nothing but their difference from every other thing; and that every different thing is an infinitely complex entanglement of alter-universes (each of which is constituted as an infinitely complex entanglement of alter-universes……∞) let us also imagine that this infinitely complex universe of things is based on the simple primitive n-fold entanglements of alter-universes that we have started discussing; primitives which are constituted as nothing but a differential extending of pure singleness.
although we have not so far been meditating on how time and space are proper to our quantized comprehending as things, later we will try to show how space and time are actually the differential extending of pure singleness.
but in the meantime, let us assume that, just as alter-universal things are infinitely entangled, so too must their proper times and spaces be infinitely entangled. in other words, we must assume that if the ‘particles of science’ are shown to be entangled, then so also are their times and spaces entangled - simply because their basic primitives propagate, and are propagated by, their own proper time and space.
in our earlier brief consideration of primitives, we said (of a twofold alter-universe) that if each of its constituent differentials is nothing but its difference from the other, then each must depend on the other for its very extending. this symmetrical extending out of the other we call their mutual understanding-with, and each differential feels this understanding-with the other as the force of its own otherness. all force is the force of otherness.
if that is the case, and taking proper time and space into account, let us say (provisionally) that energy is force - relative to time.
let us also say provisionally that space extends as the difference of pure singleness and that time extends as the reiteration of that difference
continued in part 3
the complete photo/video collection (1972-2016) of Stan Bonnar's artworks is accessible here :
On September 26, 2011, IP Australia Deputy Director General, Fatima Beattie, WIPO Director General Francis Gurry, UK IPO Chief Executive, John Alty, and Canadian IPO Commissioner Sylvain Laporte established a legal and technical framework for patent examination work-sharing in three Memoranda of Understanding.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Understanding first-hand how the bulk electric system operates can be a challenge for those who don’t work with it every day. So in addition to offering NERC-certified course to utility industry professionals, the Electric Power Training Center can provide simulated training for anyone with an interest in learning about the principles and operation of power generation, transmission and interconnected system operations. On March 18, Alex McDonough, senior policy advisor to Senator Harry Reid (NV-D), received a hands-on demonstration of EPTC’s self-contained, fully operational miniature power system that includes three generators, two substations, many hundreds of miles of transmission lines, a dispatch center and a variety of loads spread throughout the system. EPTC Manager Steve Yexley, right, answered McDonough's questions. (Photo by Jen Neville)
John Allison is William F. Hosford Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Michigan and a National Academy of Engineering member.
His major research interest is in understanding the inter-relationships between processing, alloying, microstructure and properties in metallic materials – and in incorporating this knowledge into computational tools for use in research, education and engineering. An important part of his research is development of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) tools – and thus collaborations with other computational and experimental groups are an essential element of my work. Central to my research are investigations on the evolution of microstructures - current examples include precipitate evolution, recrystallization and grain growth and texture development in magnesium, aluminum and titanium alloys. He is also interested in mechanical behavior of these materials, with an emphasis on development of mechanistic and phenomenological understanding of the influence of microstructure on properties such as strength, ductility and fatigue resistance.
Allison comes to the University from Ford Motor Company, where he was a senior technical leader in the Research and Advanced Engineering organization. Over the twenty seven years of his tenure at Ford, he led teams developing integrated computational materials engineering, or ICME, methods. He helped develop advanced computer software that simulates manufacturing processes and predicts the influence of the manufacturing process on material properties. The output of these models is then coupled with product performance models to predict how manufactured components will behave during service.
July 11, 2023.
Photo by Marcin Szczepanski/Lead Multimedia Storyteller, Michigan Engineering
Expanding and strengthening trading relationships abroad means real jobs here at home. The Government of British Columbia is acting to make sure that B.C. businesses are first in line to take advantage of the growing market opportunities in Asia. The upcoming Jobs and Trade Mission to China, Japan and Korea will open up new doors, connect B.C. businesses with Asian demand, and keep B.C.’s economy strong and growing.
Learn more: www.newsroom.gov.bc.ca/2013/10/growing-markets-in-asia-an...
United States Military Academy Preparatory School (USMAPS)
conducts Shadow a Cadet Day in concert with USCC at USMA IOT
increase motivation, develop understanding, and expose CCs to their future opportunities at USMA.
Global Understanding & Friendship Beyond Borders
Being in Rotary is not a part in our life. It’s our life
It was a great feeling when you have the opportunity to wear rotary logo on your shirt. It’s time to take responsibility on your shoulders to serve your community.
When I joined rotaract movement way back in 2024, I never realized that I will represent RI Dist. 3230 as a goodwill ambassador to become a Member of the GSE Team to RI Dist 1880, North Bavaria & Saxony, Germany, during May /Jun. 2013
We the GSE team Sasi, Sharanya, Soundarya and myself Dinesh headed by Rtn. Sabu Balagopal had many meetings to sketch ourselves from Jan to May 2013 before our departure to Germany. We discussed over mails, regular meetings, get together with Rtns, dist conference thought us how big is the opportunity for us and how should we prepare ourselves to take our 3230 brand to fly high with colors.
40 to 4
Departed from Chennai with 40 degree summer and landed in Leipzig via Frankfurt and cool 4 degree of Germany welcomed us. Wow how cool it was…
We received warm welcome from Albrecht Hartge, GSE chair of RI Dist 1880,Germany with his team. We enthusiastic 5 people was looking forward to our next 30 days. Yes we were much excited.
We experienced and learned many things in Germany starting from history. architecture, historical churches, museums, city visits etc.
We had good opportunity to visit World Headquarters of Audi where they hosted our Indian National flag to welcome us. Rotary power is great. We extended our visits to
Vocational Visits and Networking opportunities
•Berlin- Parliament, Indian Embassy,Charlie Point,Historic wall, Olympic Stadium etc.
•Hosted by TV stations, Radio channels. Our show in German O+TV (www.otv.de/ambergweiden-rotary-club-verbindet-kontinente-...)
•Companies and manufacturing units of Volkswagen, Porshe,
•Great experience by spending in a silver mine
•Visits to University of Leipzig, Regensburg, Frieberg, Bayreuth, Erlangen-Nurnberg to initiate International Youth Exchnage and youth forum
•Joint rotary meetings with Leipzig, Frieburg, Dresden, Bayreuth, widen, Cham,Schwandoff, Regensburg, Erlangen, Nurnmberg etc
•Visits to German Supreme Court and meeting with Judges
•Meeting Mayor and deputy mayors
Home stays- The home away from home
One of the life time experience where sharing proud things about country, learning the new culture and family values of the hosts, late night dinner talks, going out like one family. Overall we never missed our Indian hospitality in Germany.
Rotaractors
As a rotaractor from our district I had good opportunities to visit all the rotaractors in host clubs, I have received invitation to speak in President elect training seminar(PETS) where I had the opportunites to share about our RI dist 3230 Rotaract council and I shared our flag with all the rotaract club members. They were very kind to us and interested to hear about our rotaract activities and they felt excited to hear our numbers 23000 rtrs.
1880 Dist conference, Culture and arts
We presented our 3230 GSE team in a grand manner where we showed about video of India and Tamilnadu and also we performed cultural activities of India with Vande Matharam song by Saranya and Soundarya followed by solo folk dance by Dinesh and karate performance by Sasi. Finally audience felt happy when we performed our group dance with Tamil folk, Bollywood and Hollywood where our team leader also joined in dance performance. On seeing this we received warm invitations from all the rotary clubs . We performed in 7 clubs
Rotary and team Spirit
We had good chance to show our sporting skills. Yes Sasi and me (Dinesh) participated in Dragon Boat Race as part of Rotary clubs of Erlangen Fundraising efforts and finished 2nd in one of the race. Rotary raised 24000 euros for community projects
Future after GSE
We had great time in Germany studying vocation, experiencing culture, learning professionalism etc. It will be a starting point to shape my future . GSE created a platform to think beyond our comfort zone, hard work, team work, communication, networking etc. I believe in sharing and learning and this journey never ends
Coming year I am planning to create strategy to work with our RI 3230 District rotaract council to strengthen our rotaract zone in city plus and upcountry where lot of young people like me longing for opportunities. They need a platform.. I am willing to provide that. Also will build up IT assistance, social networking, planning New generation projects with my Parent club RC of Gudiyattam
After the GSE experience I expanded my Sports for Development Projects to Serve Young People with curriculum like Life skills, Service Learning, Adolescent health, Physical recreation and social learning to reach 10000 kids in 2 years. This will be my next major project and I would like to joint with other rotary clubs to spread the word to reach the unreached
source/credit:
This image has been supplied to www.traveloscopy.com on the understanding it is
copyright released and/or royalty free.
Understanding first-hand how the bulk electric system operates can be a challenge for those who don’t work with it every day. So in addition to offering NERC-certified course to utility industry professionals, the Electric Power Training Center can provide simulated training for anyone with an interest in learning about the principles and operation of power generation, transmission and interconnected system operations. On March 18, Alex McDonough, senior policy advisor to Senator Harry Reid (NV-D), received a hands-on demonstration of EPTC’s self-contained, fully operational miniature power system that includes three generators, two substations, many hundreds of miles of transmission lines, a dispatch center and a variety of loads spread throughout the system. (Photo by Jen Neville)
Global Understanding & Friendship Beyond Borders
Being in Rotary is not a part in our life. It’s our life
It was a great feeling when you have the opportunity to wear rotary logo on your shirt. It’s time to take responsibility on your shoulders to serve your community.
When I joined rotaract movement way back in 2024, I never realized that I will represent RI Dist. 3230 as a goodwill ambassador to become a Member of the GSE Team to RI Dist 1880, North Bavaria & Saxony, Germany, during May /Jun. 2013
We the GSE team Sasi, Sharanya, Soundarya and myself Dinesh headed by Rtn. Sabu Balagopal had many meetings to sketch ourselves from Jan to May 2013 before our departure to Germany. We discussed over mails, regular meetings, get together with Rtns, dist conference thought us how big is the opportunity for us and how should we prepare ourselves to take our 3230 brand to fly high with colors.
40 to 4
Departed from Chennai with 40 degree summer and landed in Leipzig via Frankfurt and cool 4 degree of Germany welcomed us. Wow how cool it was…
We received warm welcome from Albrecht Hartge, GSE chair of RI Dist 1880,Germany with his team. We enthusiastic 5 people was looking forward to our next 30 days. Yes we were much excited.
We experienced and learned many things in Germany starting from history. architecture, historical churches, museums, city visits etc.
We had good opportunity to visit World Headquarters of Audi where they hosted our Indian National flag to welcome us. Rotary power is great. We extended our visits to
Vocational Visits and Networking opportunities
•Berlin- Parliament, Indian Embassy,Charlie Point,Historic wall, Olympic Stadium etc.
•Hosted by TV stations, Radio channels. Our show in German O+TV (www.otv.de/ambergweiden-rotary-club-verbindet-kontinente-...)
•Companies and manufacturing units of Volkswagen, Porshe,
•Great experience by spending in a silver mine
•Visits to University of Leipzig, Regensburg, Frieberg, Bayreuth, Erlangen-Nurnberg to initiate International Youth Exchnage and youth forum
•Joint rotary meetings with Leipzig, Frieburg, Dresden, Bayreuth, widen, Cham,Schwandoff, Regensburg, Erlangen, Nurnmberg etc
•Visits to German Supreme Court and meeting with Judges
•Meeting Mayor and deputy mayors
Home stays- The home away from home
One of the life time experience where sharing proud things about country, learning the new culture and family values of the hosts, late night dinner talks, going out like one family. Overall we never missed our Indian hospitality in Germany.
Rotaractors
As a rotaractor from our district I had good opportunities to visit all the rotaractors in host clubs, I have received invitation to speak in President elect training seminar(PETS) where I had the opportunites to share about our RI dist 3230 Rotaract council and I shared our flag with all the rotaract club members. They were very kind to us and interested to hear about our rotaract activities and they felt excited to hear our numbers 23000 rtrs.
1880 Dist conference, Culture and arts
We presented our 3230 GSE team in a grand manner where we showed about video of India and Tamilnadu and also we performed cultural activities of India with Vande Matharam song by Saranya and Soundarya followed by solo folk dance by Dinesh and karate performance by Sasi. Finally audience felt happy when we performed our group dance with Tamil folk, Bollywood and Hollywood where our team leader also joined in dance performance. On seeing this we received warm invitations from all the rotary clubs . We performed in 7 clubs
Rotary and team Spirit
We had good chance to show our sporting skills. Yes Sasi and me (Dinesh) participated in Dragon Boat Race as part of Rotary clubs of Erlangen Fundraising efforts and finished 2nd in one of the race. Rotary raised 24000 euros for community projects
Future after GSE
We had great time in Germany studying vocation, experiencing culture, learning professionalism etc. It will be a starting point to shape my future . GSE created a platform to think beyond our comfort zone, hard work, team work, communication, networking etc. I believe in sharing and learning and this journey never ends
Coming year I am planning to create strategy to work with our RI 3230 District rotaract council to strengthen our rotaract zone in city plus and upcountry where lot of young people like me longing for opportunities. They need a platform.. I am willing to provide that. Also will build up IT assistance, social networking, planning New generation projects with my Parent club RC of Gudiyattam
After the GSE experience I expanded my Sports for Development Projects to Serve Young People with curriculum like Life skills, Service Learning, Adolescent health, Physical recreation and social learning to reach 10000 kids in 2 years. This will be my next major project and I would like to joint with other rotary clubs to spread the word to reach the unreached
I was in the area of the Clairton Coke Works and decided to take some pictures of this incredibly polluting facility. I was nearly overcome by the horrendous smell downwind of the plant. PennFuture has announced their intention to sue for violations relating to clean air (and possibly other violations). Here's an article with that announcement: www.post-gazette.com/local/south/2016/01/29/PennFuture-in... . Note: It is my understanding that the large puffy white plumes are made of water. That said, the smell downwind of the facility was so unbelievably horrible-smelling that I can't even imagine what else besides water is coming out of that facility. My naked eye observed a multitude of small smokey emissions coming from all around the facility.
Feel free to use these photos under the Creative Commons with Attribution license. Please credit "Mark Dixon, Blue Lens, LLC"
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: "Revisiting the Roman Forum: From Pen to Pixel" | "Ricerche al Foro. Dalla matita al pixel. Curia Iulia, nel Foro Romano", in: DHARMA - The School of Architecture, University of Notre Dame & ND | YouTube (2014-18). ENGLISH | ITALIANO. s.v., Prof. James E. Packer, "Digitizing Imperial Rome" & "The Roman Forum" (2010-18). wp.me/pPRv6-4FF
1). The Exhibit - Revisiting the Roman Forum: from Pen to Pixel, Methods of Documentation in the 20th and 21st Centuries (2 April to 31 October, 2014). Rome, Italy. DHARMA (2018).
The Exhibit displays detailed architectural drawings and watercolors, a 3D digital model of the Forum and its monuments and high-resolution panoramic photographs, accompanied by detailed architectural analysis.
Launching in conjunction with the 2014 Digital Future of World Heritage Symposium, Revisiting the Roman Forum: from Pen to Pixel, Methods of Documentation in the 20th and 21st Centuries, the first 3D exhibit on historic preservation in the Roman Forum, is on display from April to Oct 2014 in Rome, Italy. The aim of the exhibition is to provide architects, art historians, academics and the general public with a greater understanding of the development of architectural documentation of excavations at the Roman Forum in the last 100 years from 1905 to 2013.
The primary objectives of the research and culminating exhibition is to advance scholarship and knowledge on the recent developments at the Roman Forum. This Exhibit is the result of research and scholarship by the Digital Historic Architectural Research and Material Analysis (DHARMA) Lab, conducted since summer 2010, in 3D documenting the Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. Though the Roman Forum is a well-known site with over 4 million visitors every year, the Italian cultural ministry notes that few know its real value and historic significance. The goal of our research has been to strengthen the disconnect that exists between scholars of various fields working on this World Heritage Site, the outputs they produce and its relevance to tourists and visitors. To cover this gap of public knowledge and understanding of the Forum, the exhibit will be accompanied by detailed historic text and drawings, materials on Giacomo Boni’s documentation, along with watercolor and 3D high-definition DHARMA documentation, in cooperation with Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma.
The Exhibit displays detailed architectural drawings and watercolors, a 3D digital model of the Forum and its monuments and high-resolution panoramic photographs, accompanied by detailed architectural analysis. Focus on the documentation of the Roman Forum was developed as the consequence of an existing need in the architectural community to integrate innovative methods of digital documentation and 3D scanning with traditional hand measuring techniques. The resulting highly accurate raw data acquired during this three-year project can be used to produce incredibly precise measured drawings by hand and computer, which provide a basis for generating highly critical and analytical work. The larger objectives of the exhibit are to draw attention to the historic methods of the early scientific documentation at the Roman Forum and the evolution of these methods, providing a basis for new methods of documentation to be developed and utilized in the field today and in the future.
The Exhibit is divided into four distinct sections to provide a greater understanding of the history of documentation, instrumentation, results of historic and present studies at the forum, comparisons of individual temples as based on current data acquisition methods in confrontation with historic studies and 3D views of the Forum to architects, academics and the general public. This layout allows visitors to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Forum as a whole, while being able to gain greater understanding of its individual monuments in a manner that has never been possible before.
Forthcoming Summer 2014, Rome Forum Exhibit and Catalogue, “New Techniques and Traditions”, Exhibit of 19th century work of Ecole des Beaux-Arts architects, materials on Giacomo Boni’s documentation, water color and 3D High definition DHARMA documentation, in cooperation with Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma and World Heritage Center of UNESCO.
Fonte |source:
-- DHARMA (2018).
dharma3d.org/index.php/news-events/forum-symposium-2014/e...
Fonte | video |source:
Revisiting the Roman Forum From Pen to Pixel HD - "Revisiting the Roman Forum: From Pen to Pixel" to video designed and created by Prof. William Donaruma from the Dept. of Film, Television and Theater. The film describes the DHARMA, School of Architecture, University of Notre Dame's work in partnership with the Special Heritage Cultural Heritage and the Ministry of Culture, Rome, Italy. Funding credit: Nanovic Institute.
-- ND School Of Architecture | YouTube (04/2014) [16:45], in: ENGLISH | ITALIANO.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ij80lN0K5u0
-- Italy Roman Forum Project. ND School Of Architecture (2010).
2). DHARMA Lab uses both traditional and innovative methods of documentation of World Heritage sites. In July 2010, the DHARMA Lab, in cooperation with the Sopritendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma, undertook a project at the Roman Forum, a World Heritage site —the center of political, religious, commercial, and judicial life in ancient Rome—to measure, document, and draw large areas of the historic site. Employing the latest optical technology, a high definition-surveying laser, and Gigapan the team was able to document the existing state of the site in unprecedented detail. Traditional methods of hand-measuring and photogrammetry were conducted to supplement the data gathered through this digital technique. In a continuing partnership with the Soprintendenza, the D.H.A.R.M.A. Lab produced detailed architectural drawings, a 3-D digital model, and high-resolution panoramic photographs, with detailed analysis forthcoming.
Students at Notre Dame have spend the Fall 2010 in the World Heritage Studies course, under the Historic Preservation concentration at the school, rendering the data scanned at the Roman Forum site in vellum and water color. To date these are the most precise measured drawings that have been made from this ancient city, the cradle of western civilization. We are presently in conversation with UNESCO and the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma, Ministry of Heritage and Culture and the Archaeological Service, Rome to create a joint exhibit on the documentation of the Forum from the 19th through the early 21st century tentatively in late summer 2013/2014.
Permission was granted by the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni, Archeologici di Roma, Ministry of Heritage and Culture to accurately measure and draw the monuments and ruins at the Roman Forum. Working on site in July 2010 a team of Notre Dame School of Architecture faculty and students produced 27 scans, 30 digital panoramic photography views, in addition to collecting hand-measured data. Over the following months, the DHARMA team produced a series of detailed drawings and watercolors based on the raw field data and panoramic views. Many of the original and derivative works and research findings were displayed in a 2014 Exhibit in Rome and detailed in various publications.
Fonte |source:
-- Italy Roman Forum Project. ND School Of Architecture (2010).
www.dharma3d.org/index.php/projects/italy
architecture.nd.edu/news-events/news/3d-documentation-of-...
-- Ricerche al Foro. Dalla matita al pixel. Curia Iulia, nel Foro Romano | Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma, in collaborazione con DHARMA, Istituto di architettura Università Notre Dame, Indiana (USA)(3 – 13 aprile 2014).
www.beniculturali.it/mibac/export/MiBAC/sito-MiBAC/Conten...
Foto | fonte |sources:
-- Notre Dame Architecture | FACEBOOK (05/2018).
www.facebook.com/NotreDameArchitecture
--Foto: "Ricerche al Foro. Dalla matita al pixel," (04/2014) in:
www.clementemoraleda.com/portfolio/
s.v.,
-- ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Michele Russo, “Il colore nel rilievo e nella rappresentazione di beni archeologici,” pp. 404-16 [in PDF]; “FORO ROMANO (1905-06),” in: AA.VV, Colore e
Colorimetra Contrbuti Multidisciplinari. Vol. XIII A (2017).
-- ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Josef Theodor Hansen | Danish Artist (1848 – 1912), “THE FORUM ROMANUM”, (c. 1906?). Artnet.com (04/2018) & s.v., Michele Russo, “FORO ROMANO (1905-
06),”(2017).
-- ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e IL FORO ROMANO e GIACOMO BONI: “Ricerche al Foro Romano. Dalla matita al pixel,” Roma, Curia Iulia (03-13|04|2014) [Italiano | English].
1). ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Prof. James E. Packer,” Digitizing Imperial Rome: A computerized Approach to the Architectural History of the Roman Imperial Forum.” James E. Packer, Professor
Emeritus Northwestern University (2010). (11 OCT. 2010).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/5072597504/
s.v.,
1.1). ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Prof. James E. Packer, "Digitizing Imperial Rome: A computerized Approach to the Architectural History of the Roman Imperial Forum.” James E. Packer, Professor
Emeritus Northwestern University (2010-18).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/albums/721576...
FRENKEL, Dann; SMIT, Berend. Understanding molecular simulation: from algorithms to applications. 2 ed. São Diego: Academic Press, 2002. xxii, 638 p. (Computational science series, 1 [Academic Press]). ISBN 0122673514. Inclui bibliografia e índice; il. tab.; 24x16cm.
Palavras-chave: FISICA MOLECULAR; FISICA MODERNA.
CDU 539.21 / F879u / 2 ed. / 2002
ពួកគេក៏បានជួយក្នុងកិច្ចខិតខំប្រឹងប្រែងនេះ ដោយដាំកូនឈើថ្មី 200 ដើម នៅក្នុងព្រៃ។
អ្នកចូលរួមសិក្ខាសាលា “YSEALI Generation: EARTH" រួមមានយុវជនយុវនារីអាយុពី 18-25 ឆ្នាំ មកពីប្រទេសប្រុយណេ កម្ពុជា ឥណ្ឌូនេស៊ី ឡាវ ម៉ាឡេស៊ី មីយ៉ាន់ម៉ា ហ្វីលីពីន សិង្ហបុរី ថៃ និង វៀតណាម។
ចំណុចផ្ដោតសំខាន់នៃកម្មវិធីនេះ គឺដើម្បីធ្វើឲ្យមានការយល់ស៊ីជម្រៅទៅ លើបញ្ហាប្រឈម ផ្នែកបរិស្ថាន ដែលតំបន់អាស៊ាន និងតំបន់ដទៃទៀតកំពុងមាន។
“YSEALI Generation: EARTH" participants explore the community forest campaign in Tbeng Village where villagers have taken up to the protect their ecosystem.
They also assist in reforestation efforts by planting 200 new trees in the forest.
The U.S. Embassy brings together 72 young Southeast Asian leaders to Siem Reap for the workshop aiming to to foster a deeper understanding of challenges to the environment facing the ASEAN region and beyond.
Participants include young people between the age of 18-25 from Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
[U.S. Embassy photo by Un Yarat]
This is a page layout painting I did in photoshop, it's not quite done, I need to do something else with the font and make it look more like a page layout than just a painting. Thoughts and crits are welcome : )
Robert Girrier, President, Pacific Forum, USA capture during the session: Understanding Asia’s New Balance of Power at the World Economic Forum on ASEAN 2018 in Ha Noi, Viet Nam, September 12, 2018
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Sikarin Thanachaiary
Pakistan edges closer to implosion and the nation's elite remain mired in in-fighting. The Insider Brief attempts to explore why Pakistan's elite have been unable to come to a national consensus.
Read about it here: (Geopolitical) Reality Bites
The Insider Brief | www.pakintel.com
History of the Museum
Scientific research and gathering in Austria found relatively late understanding and promotion. Indeed contained the chambers of art and curiosities of the Habsburgs also natural produce but for a long time they have been regarded as mere oddities, not as objects of scientific importance. It was not until Emperor Franz I. (Francis Stephen of Lorraine, 1745-1765), the husband of Maria Theresia, founded in 1748 with the purchase of the famous collection of Johann Baillous a private Naturalienkabinett. It was put up in accordance to Baillous' own scientific system in the Hofburg and was initially managed by this self.
The main emphasis was put on minerals and fossils as well as snail and mussel shells and corals. Plants and animals with soft parts were then (mainly because of the preparation problems) yet little appreciated as collector's items. They were held alive in botanical gardens and menageries.
After the death of Francis I the collection in which the Emperor had invested large sums of money was transferred into state ownership, reorganized and made twice a week accessible to the public. 1776 appointed Maria Theresa, particularly dear to her being mainly the earth sciences as a basis for mining and industry, the excellent mineralogist and montanist Ignaz von Born to Vienna and entrusted him with the systematic expansion of the collection. Born was a leader of the Enlightenment and Freemasonry, he might even have given the model for Sarastro in Mozart's "Magic Flute". With him for "Austria", definitely, dawned the scientific-technological age. The Naturalienkabinett (a cabinet of curiosities) then became a center of mineralogical research in Europe.
The nature-loving Emperor Franz II (I, 1792-1835) expanded the natural history collection for a private animal cabinet. The foundation for this were the trophies of the Habsburgs, which date back to Emperor Maximilian II (1564-1576), as well as the famous collection of prepared native vertebrates and insects of the falconer Joseph Natterer. After several reclassifications followed in 1807 the foundation of a separate plants cabinet. The Emperor lay with the gift of his Privatherbars (private plant collection) the foundation.
The exhibition practice around 1800 was marked by an often curious juxtaposition of little scientific and very progressive tendencies. The stuffed animals were shown in artificial landscape dioramas, ie already in ecological context. Alongside, however, stood also Stopfpräparate (stuffed compounds) of people of non-native breeds such as the "high princely Moor' Angelo Soliman, who came to literary fame.
The eminent scholar and organizer Carl Schreibers who from 1806 until 1851 headed the Natural History Collection, provided for key reforms in all areas. He extented all departments to major research centers and was supported not only by the museum officials, but also by a number of often highly skilled, unpaid volunteers.
On the occasion of the marriage of his daughter Leopoldina with the Brazilian crown prince Dom Pedro in 1817 sent Emperor Franz also well-known researchers to South America. Through their collecting activities, the growth of the museum's experienced a glorious climax. So stayed the zoologist Johann Natterer for 18 years in South America and established an in an exemplary manner documented collection of scientific and ethnographic objects for Vienna. This contributed significantly to the worldwide reputation of the museum, but also led to a decades-long lack of space.
With various, not always felicitous chosen emergency solutions on tried in vain to handle space problems sussesfully. During the revolutionary turmoil of 1848, the Imperial Palace was bombarded by imperial troops and partially set on fire. A part of the collection was destroyed, tragically, also many irreplaceable objects from the Brazilian material.
In the years after the Revolution, the collection was converted into an independent zoological, botanical and mineralogical Hofkabinett (Court cabinet). These cabinets with their extremely rich stocks offered not only ideal possibilities to explore, they contributed to the establishment of scientific disciplines in the university sector in 1870 also considerably to the formation of young scientists. The collections have been enhanced through exchange and purchases, by the collecting activities of the researchers as well as legacies, especially of scientifically inclined travelers, constantly . In addition, the by the Imperial Court generously funded cooperation with the Austrian navy became very important: Especially the circumnavigation of the world of the frigate "Novara" (1857-1859), which was attended by numerous excellent naturalist, gave an exceedingly rich collection of new material to the museum. The scientific word off should take decades.
This scientific Poiniergeist (pioneering spirit), reflecting the general belief in progress in the second half of the 18th Century, was facing the more and more oppressive need of space. Although Emperor Franz Joseph had already in 1857 the razing of the fortification lines around the city center ordered. On the cleared area should along a boulevard alongside other representative public buildings also new museums emerge. Up to the completion of this project, however, it was still a long way to go.
The liberal bourgeoisie then undergoing a steep political and economic upswing was inclined to replace the old cabinets through research and education centers for broad strata of the population and thus make its own cultural advancement clearly visible. But the neo-absolutist empire of the gradually decaying Habsburg monarchy, too, wanted erect itself a modern, artistically accomplished monument: A monumental Imperial Forum following the ancient example was planned, that should be reaching from the Imperial Palace to the royal stables. Realized of it was only a torso: the New Castle and Maria Theresa Square with Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History.
The internal organization of the new 'Imperial and Royal Natural History Court Museum", which on 10 August was officially opened in 1889, goes back to the great geologist, New Zealand researcher and first director of the museum, Ferdinand von Hochstetter, and has been preserved largely in its clear systematic today. However, the proliferation of resources and new demands on the research and display collection activities required new spatial and structural solutions. Thus, an underground storage was created in 1990, which extends under the building on four levels and in fully air-conditioned rooms keeps a portion of the collection material. Due to the roof extension (1991 to 1995) further collection, but also numerous new working rooms were gained.
The research, the preservation and completing of the major scientific collections and the presentation of selected natural objects to this day have not lost any of their topicalities. In a time of increasingly rapid destruction of our environment, they are more important than ever. Just as the white patches have become smaller on the map, penetrates the science into ever smaller areas. Long scanning electron microscope and X-ray equipment have replaced hand magnifier. In the permanent exhibition area visitors also have access to advanced optical devices, especially in "Microcosmos" ( Hall 21). The preservation of collection, too, follows modern conservation knowledge.
Over a century ago, the Museum hace been created for the systematic presentation - the diversity of nature sorted strung together, the palace-like building, the interplay of means and objects as well as the historic atmosphere giving it a distinctive character.
Even with the redesign of many exhibition halls systematic classification was basically retained to make the visitors aware of the immense diversity of life. However, the presentation is successively adapted to the museological requirements and needs of the 21st century. Also presented are interesting topics and new contents in a contemporary didactic form.
Copyright Museum of Natural History
www.wien-konkret.at/kultur/museum/naturhistorisches-museu...
Paris (France)
Nikon D4
AF-S Zoom-Nikkor 14-24mm f/2.8G ED
This photograph has been taken at the Palais de Tokyo, during the exhibition "Soleil Froid". I was (and still I am) curious about this man standing in front of this work of Julio Le Parc. But mostly, I liked how his red trousers were matching with the painting…
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