View allAll Photos Tagged Translucent
Near Sand Lake, Wekiwa Springs State Park, FL. Shot with A. Schacht Ulm Travegar R 100mm f/3.3, preset, M42, at f/3.3
Pardo Translucent Art Clay over crackled silver leaf on Kato pearl. I used more of Jackie's flower canes and drew the curlicues with Pigma Micron pens.
This is the first time I've used the Pardo translucent. So far I'm loving it. For more info check my blog
knighttwork.blogspot.com/2010/09/experimenting-with-trans...
Nice little spider, waiting for a meal. No idea what type of spider, but I love the translucent stripes.
This one-legged gull was playing in the updrafts created by a ferry on Sydney Harbour. I love the way that its wings and tail are translucent and that you can see the golden glow of the late afternoon sun is reflected on its belly. Note the other gull bottom-right corner :-)
I use to think that Autumn was the only time for fungi, but finding this tiny one growing from a crack in a bit of dark, sure does brighten a winter day.
I just had to have her, as soon as I saw her. Translucent, tan, silver hair - she is perfect. I might change a few things, but not in the near future.
Oh god, I put everything I want to say in the Transparent photo. Sooo this is just for the description to not look empty lol
Bee xoxo
This thinly cut marble was a window decoration at a new hospital I was visiting.
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Re-posted from my FotoWrite blog
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Keywords: marble, stone, metamorphic rock, abstract, art,
Juveniles less than 3 mm high have small spires of about 30% shell height, which can be confused with L. parva .
All adults are dead by July; usual height of surviving juveniles is up to 3 mm. On the more translucent specimens the aperture of the empty shell shows dorsally the black background, and the opaque pale columella, round which the shell coils.
Menai Strait, Wales. July 2013.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION BELOW.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION: flic.kr/p/gTkfF4
Sets of OTHER SPECIES at: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/.
Lacuna vincta (Montagu,1803)
Synonyms: Turbo vinctus Montagu,1803; Epheria vincta (Montagu,1803); Lacuna divaricata (Fabricius, 1780).
Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species
www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140170
Vernacular: Banded chink shell, Northern Lacuna; Gwichiad agennog rhesog (Welsh); Scheefhorentje (Dutch); Båndtegnet grubesnegl (Danish); Tarestilksnegl (Norwegian); Bandad lagunsnäcka (Swedish); Gebänderte Grübchenschnecke (German); Lacune commune de l’Atlantique (French).
GLOSSARY BELOW
Shell Description
The shell grows up to 10 mm high, or slightly more in northern Scotland and further north fig. 01 flic.kr/p/gTkbej . It is a spring breeding annual, so the maximum size is usually only found in winter and spring. In the Menai Strait in North Wales, the usual height range is 1mm to 3 mm in July fig. 02 flic.kr/p/gTkfF4 , and 3 mm to 6 mm in August fig. 03 flic.kr/p/gTk4Qf . The well developed spire is about 50% of adult shell height fig. 01 flic.kr/p/gTkbej and about 40% of shell height when 3 mm high fig. 04 flic.kr/p/gTkQmP Juveniles less than 3 mm high have small spires of about 30% shell height; so they can be confused with L. parva fig. 02 flic.kr/p/gTkfF4 . The apex is fairly sharp, the whorls rounded and the sutures distinct. Very fine spiral lines may be faintly discernible on dead shells when the thin periostracum is worn off fig. 01 flic.kr/p/gTkbej . Multiple, possibly diurnal, fine, prosocline growth lines fig. 05 flic.kr/p/gTk3C5 are often visible on both live and dead shells. One face of the hollow columella is missing, exposing a long columellar groove (lacuna or chink) leading to the umbilicus fig. 06 flic.kr/p/gTk3By . The aperture is about 60% of shell height on 3 mm high shells fig. 04 flic.kr/p/gTkQmP , and about 50% when 10 mm high fig. 01 flic.kr/p/gTkbej . The outer (palatal) lip is curved, except fairly straight at the base where it also everts to make a slight spout fig. 07 flic.kr/p/gTkQdx . The outer lip turns and continues up the abapertural side of the columellar groove fig. 07 flic.kr/p/gTkQdx . The columellar lip is wide, white, slightly curved and forms the adapertural edge of the columellar groove fig. 06 flic.kr/p/gTk3By . The parietal lip is a whitish glaze on the body whorl fig. 06 flic.kr/p/gTk3By . The adapical angle is about 90° fig. 05 flic.kr/p/gTk3C5 . The operculum is a transparent, pale, horn-coloured, ovoid, rapidly expanding spiral fig. 08 flic.kr/p/gTke96 . The thin periostracum usually extends beyond the aperture-lip fig. 08 flic.kr/p/gTke96 . The ground colour of the shell is white. Its brightness is often dimmed, or it is tinted yellowish, by the translucent periostracum, or it is tinted green by the body within fig. 07 flic.kr/p/gTkQdx . The body whorl has four light-brown to dark-brown spiral bands. The basal two pass into the aperture and are easily overlooked if the base of the shell is not examined fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2mWA6He . The two adapical bands continue onto the next whorl, becoming less distinct on subsequent whorls, and usually indistinguishable on the two most apical whorls. The bands sometimes coalesce into two or three broad ones fig. 10 flic.kr/p/gTk9JW , or fuse to make an all-brown shell but, even then, the form of four bands can often be discerned in good lighting fig. 05 flic.kr/p/gTk3C5 . The periostracum often dims the colour of the bands fig. 10 flic.kr/p/gTk9JW .
Body Description
The translucent white flesh is often stippled grey or aquamarine fig. 11 flic.kr/p/gTk37f . The snout can form a horseshoe-shape or the ventral gap can close to form a cylinder or open into a shallow curve fig. 12 flic.kr/p/gTkPPX . It is yellow or orange, sometimes with aquamarine blotches. Its tip is deeply wrinkled when closed into cylinder. The cephalic tentacles are long, slender and translucent whitish. They, taper to a blunt tip. They are almost smooth fig. 13 flic.kr/p/gTk35S , but wrinkled when contracted 14Lv flic.kr/p/gTk9hJ . Setae are reported on the tentacles by Forbes & Hanley (1853), and shown in line drawing in Fretter & Graham (1962), but are not visible on these macro images. The tentacles are sometimes faintly tinted yellowish or greenish, especially when contracted fig. 15 flic.kr/p/gTk9hd . There is a black eye on a short bulge at the base of each cephalic tentacle fig. 16 flic.kr/p/gTkdGz . The bulge may be tinted aquamarine fig. 17 flic.kr/p/gTkPhV or yellowish. Behind the tentacles, the head shows pink internally with long narrow white “V” dorsally fig. 17 flic.kr/p/gTkPhV . It may be blotched aquamarine. Behind the head, the body is translucent white showing yellow internally, and the surface is sometimes faintly tinted aquamarine fig. 18 flic.kr/p/gTk92o . The mantle-edge is yellowish. The interior of the mantle cavity is whitish, often with a dense aquamarine fig. 19 flic.kr/p/gTk2FA and/or grey stipple. The mantle is translucent showing the bands on the shell above fig. 20 flic.kr/p/gTk8Ch . The ctenidium in the mantle cavity is whitish or tinted as the mantle fig. 21 flic.kr/p/gTkNSM . The foot has a mesopodial groove between its anterior and posterior parts which is sometimes visible on the side of the foot fig. 15 flic.kr/p/gTk9hd and fig. 17 flic.kr/p/gTkPhV . When contracted, the foot forms a figure of eight fig. 22 flic.kr/p/gTkNTt and stops short of the snout. When extended, the foot in front of the mesopodial groove elongates well beyond the snout and retains its well rounded propodium fig. 23 flic.kr/p/gTk28m and fig. 24 flic.kr/p/gTkcZT . The white dorsal surface of the foot is often distinct from the body above when the latter is grey, yellow or aquamarine fig. 18 flic.kr/p/gTk92o . The sole is translucent white fig. 22 flic.kr/p/gTkNTt and may be tinted like the body above it fig. 16 flic.kr/p/gTkdGz . The slight medial groove on the sole is seen most easily when the foot is extended fig. 23 flic.kr/p/gTk28m & fig. 25Lv flic.kr/p/gTk21h . A distinct flat metapodial tentacle emerges at each side from the rear of the opercular disc below the operculum fig. 22 flic.kr/p/gTkNTt and sometimes curve upwards fig. 11 flic.kr/p/gTk37f .
Key identification features
Lacuna vincta
1) Columellar groove (“lacuna” or “chink”) leading to umbilicus fig. 06 flic.kr/p/gTk3By .
2) Maximum height about 10 mm. Well developed spire about 50% of adult shell height fig. 01 flic.kr/p/gTkbej ; about 40% of shell height when 3 mm high fig. 04 flic.kr/p/gTkQmP , but juveniles less than 3 mm high have small spires of about 30% shell height, which can be confused with L. parva fig. 02 flic.kr/p/gTkfF4 .
3) On apertural-view, the aperture occupies about 50% of area on juveniles fig. 06 flic.kr/p/gTk3By and about 30% on full grown adults fig. 01 flic.kr/p/gTkbej .
4) Body whorl has four brown spiral bands, basal pair easily overlooked if base of shell not examined fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2mWA6He .
5) Body whitish with grey; may also have yellow, orange or aquamarine parts fig. 18 flic.kr/p/gTk92o .
6) Found on Laminaria and, especially juveniles, on small red weeds. Also on Zostera and sometimes on fucoids.
Similar species
Lacuna parva (da Costa, 1778)
1) Columellar groove (“lacuna” or “chink) leading to umbilicus fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2oNdzu9 .
2) Usual maximum height 4 mm; sometimes 6 mm. Spire 30% to 40% of shell height. fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2oNdzu9 , fig. 27 flic.kr/p/2oN9Gpx , & fig. 29 flic.kr/p/2oNcFrD .
3) On apertural-view images, aperture occupies about 50% of area fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2oNdzu9 .
4) Body whorl has three brown spiral bands, basal band 1 easily overlooked if base of shell not examined fig.28 flic.kr/p/2oNdzf1 . Band 2 often wider than bands 1 and 3. Some shells are uniform white fig. 29 flic.kr/p/2oNcFrD or brown with no bands.
5) Body translucent white, often stippled grey. No other colours except yellowish snout, and viscera showing through fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2oN9F8e .
6) Found mainly, especially when young, on small red weeds. Sometimes on fucoids.
Lacuna pallidula (da Costa, 1778)
1) Columellar groove (“lacuna” or “chink) leading to umbilicus fig. 31 flic.kr/p/2oNdztc but sometimes sealed over fig. 32 flic.kr/p/2oNdz6d .
2) Maximum heights female 12 mm, male 6 mm. Hardly any of the spire protrudes beyond the body whorl fig. 31 flic.kr/p/2oNdztc and fig. 33 flic.kr/p/2oN9GPA .
3) Very large ‘D’ shape aperture occupies about 75% of area in apertural view fig. 31 flic.kr/p/2oNdztc and fig. 32 flic.kr/p/2oNdz6d .
4) Shell greenish-yellow with no spiral bands fig. 32 flic.kr/p/2oNdz6d and fig. 33 flic.kr/p/2oN9GPA .
5) Body white fig. 32 flic.kr/p/2oNdz6d , sometimes yellowish or pinkish; no grey stipple.
6) Found mainly on Fucus serratus and sometimes on Laminaria.
Lacuna crassior (Montagu, 1803)
1) Wide white columellar shelf, but usually no groove or umbilicus fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2oNf7L4 ; sometimes small ones present.
2) Distinct spire about 50% of mature shell height, about 45% when younger fig. 36 flic.kr/p/2oNeFtT .
3) Aperture occupies about 30% of area in apertural view fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2oNf7L4 .
4) Shell when live, translucent, yellowish-brown spire, brownish-white body whorl and thick periostracum raised in distinct transverse (costal) ridges fig. 35 flic.kr/p/2oN9EyJ . Dead dry shell, dull yellowish-brown if periostracum retained fig. 36 flic.kr/p/2oNeFtT , yellowish white with faint spiral lines if periostracum worn off.
5) Body translucent whitish fig. 35 flic.kr/p/2oN9EyJ .
6) A rare species which often associates with the bryozoan Alcyonidium diaphanum.
Cingula trifasciata (J. Adams, 1800)
1) No umbilicus or columellar groove fig. 37 flic.kr/p/2oNf76M .
2) High, conical spire with almost straight sided profile.
Maximum height 4.3 mm. In winter L. vincta are bigger than C. trifasciata but in summer they are a similar size to, or smaller than, adult C. trifasciata fig. 38 flic.kr/p/2oNcEwT .
3) Aperture occupies about 25% of area in apertural view fig. 37 flic.kr/p/2oNf76M .
4) Usually three brown or red-brown spiral bands on body whorl fig. 37 flic.kr/p/2oNf76M .
5) Body translucent whitish stippled with opaque white fig. 39 flic.kr/p/2oN9DVe .
6) Usually found in silt under stones or in crevices.
Barleeia unifasciata (Montagu, 1803).
1) No umbilicus or columellar groove fig. 40 flic.kr/p/2oNf7oW .
2) Well developed spire height about 60% of shell height.
Maximum height 3 mm. In winter L. vincta are bigger than B. unifasciata but in summer the smallest juvenile L. vincta may be a similar height to adult B. unifasciata fig. 40 flic.kr/p/2oNf7oW .
3) Aperture occupies about 25% of area in apertural view fig. 40 flic.kr/p/2oNf7oW .
4) Usually all red-brown or with a single wide red-brown spiral band on body whorl fig. 40 flic.kr/p/2oNf7oW ; occasionally band splits into two.
5) Body and foot translucent whitish, operculum black-ruby fig. 41 flic.kr/p/2oN9DL1 . Head light-brown to black-brown; patch behind eyes and line along tentacles bright yellow fig. 42 flic.kr/p/2oNf6Qb .
6) Found under stones or in fine red weed, especially Corallina.
Habits and ecology
L. vincta feeds on algae, including Laminaria, Fucus, Zostera, Ceramium, Phycodrys rubens fig. 03 flic.kr/p/gTk4Qf , Polysiphonia, Cryptopleura ramosa fig. 43 flic.kr/p/gTkdoD and Chordaria at LWS on rocky shores (and sandy ones where Zostera grows) and to about 35 m depth, varying with light penetration sufficient to sustain food-algae. It is absent from shores where turbidity prevents algal growth at LWS. Usually, juveniles feed on smaller, softer algal species, moving onto the larger tougher Laminaria when adult fig. 44 flic.kr/p/2d1QogD . When large numbers are involved, frequent in northern Britain, great amounts of alga may be destroyed by them, including the severing of tough Laminaria stipes fig. 45 flic.kr/p/PfHP82 ; often in combination with Patella pellucida which may make the initial breach. Other species with weaker radulae sometimes avail themselves of the breaches made by L. vincta and P. pellucida fig. 44 flic.kr/p/2d1QogD .
It can live in brackish water with salinity greater than 12 ‰. It travels with a jerky bipedal stepping motion, lifting alternately right and left sides of the foot on either side of a central groove fig. 23 flic.kr/p/gTk28m . An opaque, anterior pedal gland fig. 25 flic.kr/p/gTk21h secretes lubricating mucus from the bilaminate edge of the propodium as it travels. Glands on either side of the sole also exude secretions. Security against being swept away, and help with vertical movement among weed, is provided by a string of mucus secreted by the posterior pedal gland. At the approach of a predatory Asterias rubens, L. vincta wave their sensory tentacles vigorously, perhaps to maximize the detection of its odour (external videos) fig. 47 flic.kr/p/29evCJH & fig. 48 flic.kr/p/29wjQJd . They also rotate their shells rapidly which probably hinders the tube feet of the A. rubens from getting a firm grip. The instant a L. vincta is touched by a tube foot, it releases its grip of the weed to let itself fall and escape. The rapid tumbling fall suggests that in an emergency it makes a last ditch free-fall without pausing to produce a mucus string. It breeds from January to May in Britain. Spawn is deposited in distinctive gelatinous rings, usually white or yellow, occasionally green or pink, containing 1000 to 1200 ova fig. 46 flic.kr/p/LVFuH9 . After 2 to 3 weeks, the ova swell and burst releasing veliger larvae which form a common constituent of the plankton. All adults die after breeding, so only juveniles are found in summer fig. 02 flic.kr/p/gTkfF4 .
Distribution and status
L. vincta is a boreal species found in the north-west and north-east Atlantic and in the north east Pacific from the Arctic to Brittany, New England (USA) and northern California. GBIF map www.gbif.org/species/2301175 It is found all around Britain and Ireland where conditions permit growth of food-algae. It is commonest in the north; southern England is nearly the southern limit of its distribution in Europe. NBN UK distribution map species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000175977
Acknowledgements
I thank George Brown and Chris Rickard for use of their informative images and videos, and Russell Wyeth for helpful discussion.
References and links
Callomon, P. 2019. Standard views for imaging mollusk shells. American Malacological Society. www.researchgate.net/publication/331044326_Standard_views...
Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1849-53. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 3 (1853), London, van Voorst. archive.org/details/historyofbritish03forbe/page/62/mode/1up
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs. London, Ray Society.
Graham, A. 1988. Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.2 (Second edition). Leiden, E.J.Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys. pp.662
Oliver, P.G., Morgenroth, H. & Salvador, A. 2017. Type specimens of Mollusca described by Col. George Montagu in the Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery, Exeter and the Natural History Museum, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 93(2). pp.363-412
gbmolluscatypes.ac.uk/specimens/168
Jeffreys, J.G. 1862-69. British conchology. vol. 3 (1865). London, van Voorst. (As Lacuna divaricata); archive.org/details/britishconcholog03jeffr/page/346/mode...
Wyeth, R.C., 2019. Olfactory navigation in aquatic gastropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 222 (Suppl. 1): jeb185843. journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/222/Suppl_1/jeb185843...
Glossary
‰ = parts salt per thousand parts water (marine salinity 30‰ and above).
aperture = mouth of gastropod shell; outlet for head and foot.
apical = at the apex.
abapertural = away from the aperture.
abapical = away from the apex of the shell.
adapertural = towards the aperture.
adapical = towards the apex of the shell.
aquamarine = blue-green, sometime colour of sea.
chink = (see columellar groove).
columella = solid or hollow axial “little column” around which gastropod shell spirals; hidden inside shell, except on final whorl next to lower part of inner lip of aperture where hollow ones may end in an umbilicus or siphonal canal.
columellar = (adj.) of or near central axis of spiral gastropod,
columellar groove = groove where one face of hollow columella missing, leads to umbilicus. Also called “lacuna” or “chink.
columellar lip = lower (abapical) part of inner lip of aperture.
cephalic = (adj.) of the head.
costa = strong rib running across a whorl of a gastropod shell.
costae = strong ribs running across a whorl of a gastropod shell.
costal = (adj.) of, or positioned as, costa running across whorl of gastropod shell.
ctenidium = comb-like molluscan gill; usually an axis with a row of filaments either side.
ctenidia = (pl.) comb-like molluscan gills; usually an axis with a row of filaments either side.
diurnal = daily, of each day.
ELWS = extreme low water spring tide (usually near March and September equinoxes).
EHWS = extreme high water spring tide (usually near March and September equinoxes).
height = (of gastropod shells) distance from apex of spire to base of aperture.
lacuna = (see columellar groove).
LWS = low water spring tide, two periods of a few days each month when tide falls lowest.
mantle = sheet of tissue that secretes the shell and forms a cavity for the gill in most marine molluscs.
MHW = mean high water level.
MHWS = mean high water spring tide level (level reached by highest tides for a few days every fortnight, Pelvetia zone on rocky coasts).
MTL = mid tide level.
mesopodial = (adj.) of the middle section of the foot.
mesopodium = middle section of the foot.
metapodial = (adj.) on or of the metapodium (hind part of foot).
metapodium = hind part of the foot.
operculum = horny plate, sometimes calcareous, used to close shell aperture.
palatal lip = outer lip of gastropod aperture.
parietal lip = upper (adapical) part of inner lip of gastropod aperture that lies, often as a glaze, on surface of whorl.
periostracum = thin horny layer of chitinous material often coating shells.
periostracal flap = extension of periostracum as flexible flap beyond outer lip of gastropod aperture.
prosocline = (of aperture rim and growth lines) leaning forwards relative to the direction of shell growth.
plankton = animals and plants that drift in pelagic zone (main body of water).
propodial = at the front of the foot.
prosocline = (adj. of line or sculpture) obliquely across snail whorl with end nearest apex tilted towards aperture.
protoconch = apical whorls produced during embryonic and larval stages of gastropod; often different in form from other whorls.
radula = ribbon of chitinous teeth extruded on a tongue-like structure (odontophore) to rasp food.
seta = (pl. setae) a structure resembling a hair or a bristle.
spire height = distance from apex to adapical angle of aperture.
suture = groove or line where whorls adjoin.
umbilicus = cavity up axis of some gastropods. Sometimes open as a hole next to columellar lip of aperture or at apex if eroded.
veliger = shelled larva of marine gastropod or bivalve mollusc which swims by beating cilia of a velum (bilobed flap).
velum = bilobed flap on veliger larva, with beating cilia for swimming.
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