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Oregon National Guard Sgt. 1st Class Travis Benton (left) and Staff Sgt. Juan Avila (right), assigned to the 102nd Civil Support Team or CST, conduct a security sweep along the Linn County Veterans’ Day parade route in Albany, Oregon, on Nov. 11, 2025. Working with local law enforcement and safety agencies, the 102nd security sweeps help ensure the safety of the parade for those attending and participating in the annual Veterans Day parade. (Oregon National Guard photo by John Hughel)
Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium. Instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, various kinds of erasers, markers, styluses, various metals (such as silverpoint), and electronic drawing.
An artist who practices or works in technical drawing may be called a drafter, draftsman, or draughtsman.[1]
A drawing instrument releases small amount of material onto a surface, leaving a visible mark. The most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, may be used. Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything. The medium has been a popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history. It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas.[2] The wide availability of drawing instruments makes drawing one of the most common artistic activities.
Drawing is one of the major forms of expression within the visual arts. It is generally concerned with the marking of lines and areas of tone onto paper, where the accurate representation of the visual world is expressed upon a plane surface.[3] Traditional drawings were monochrome, or at least had little colour,[4] while modern colored-pencil drawings may approach or cross a boundary between drawing and painting. In Western terminology, drawing is distinct from painting, even though similar media often are employed in both tasks. Dry media, normally associated with drawing, such as chalk, may be used in pastel paintings. Drawing may be done with a liquid medium, applied with brushes or pens. Similar supports likewise can serve both: painting generally involves the application of liquid paint onto prepared canvas or panels, but sometimes an underdrawing is drawn first on that same support.
Drawing is often exploratory, with considerable emphasis on observation, problem-solving and composition. Drawing is also regularly used in preparation for a painting, further obfuscating their distinction. Drawings created for these purposes are called studies.
There are several categories of drawing, including figure drawing, cartooning, doodling and shading. There are also many drawing methods, such as line drawing, stippling, shading, the surrealist method of entopic graphomania (in which dots are made at the sites of impurities in a blank sheet of paper, and lines are then made between the dots), and tracing (drawing on a translucent paper, such as tracing paper, around the outline of preexisting shapes that show through the paper).
A quick, unrefined drawing may be called a sketch.
In fields outside art, technical drawings or plans of buildings, machinery, circuitry and other things are often called "drawings" even when they have been transferred to another medium by printing.
Drawing as a Form of Communication Drawing is one of the oldest forms of human expression, with evidence for its existence preceding that of written communication.[5] It is believed that drawing was used as a specialised form of communication before the invent of the written language,[5][6] demonstrated by the production of cave and rock paintings created by Homo sapiens sapiens around 30,000 years ago.[7] These drawings, known as pictograms, depicted objects and abstract concepts.[8] The sketches and paintings produced in prehistoric times were eventually stylised and simplified, leading to the development of the written language as we know it today.
Drawing in the Arts Drawing is used to express one's creativity, and therefore has been prominent in the world of art. Throughout much of history, drawing was regarded as the foundation for artistic practise.[9] Initially, artists used and reused wooden tablets for the production of their drawings.[10] Following the widespread availability of paper in the 14th century, the use of drawing in the arts increased. At this point, drawing was commonly used as a tool for thought and investigation, acting as a study medium whilst artists were preparing for their final pieces of work.[11][12] In a period of artistic flourish, the Renaissance brought about drawings exhibiting realistic representational qualities,[13] where there was a lot of influence from geometry and philosophy.[14]
The invention of the first widely available form of photography led to a shift in the use of drawing in the arts.[15] Photography took over from drawing as a more superior method for accurately representing visual phenomena, and artists began to abandon traditional drawing practises.[16] Modernism in the arts encouraged "imaginative originality"[17] and artists' approach to drawing became more abstract.
Drawing Outside of the Arts Although the use of drawing is extensive in the arts, its practice is not confined purely to this field. Before the widespread availability of paper, 12th century monks in European monasteries used intricate drawings to prepare illustrated, illuminated manuscripts on vellum and parchment. Drawing has also been used extensively in the field of science, as a method of discovery, understanding and explanation. In 1616, astronomer Galileo Galilei explained the changing phases of the moon through his observational telescopic drawings.[16] Additionally, in 1924, geophysicist Alfred Wegener used illustrations to visually demonstrate the origin of the continents.[16]
Notable draftsmen[edit]
Since the 14th century, each century has produced artists who have created great drawings.
Notable draftsmen of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries include Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer, Michelangelo and Raphael.
Notable draftsmen of the 17th century include Claude, Nicolas Poussin, Rembrandt, Guercino, and Peter Paul Rubens.
Notable draftsmen of the 18th century include Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, and Antoine Watteau.
Notable draftsmen of the 19th century include Paul Cézanne, Aubrey Beardsley, Jacques-Louis David, Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, Edgar Degas, Théodore Géricault, Francisco Goya, Jean Ingres, Odilon Redon, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Honoré Daumier, and Vincent van Gogh.
Notable draftsmen of the 20th century include Käthe Kollwitz, Max Beckmann, Jean Dubuffet, George Grosz, Egon Schiele, Arshile Gorky, Paul Klee, Oscar Kokoschka, Alphonse Mucha, M. C. Escher, André Masson, Jules Pascin, and Pablo Picasso.
The medium is the means by which ink, pigment or color are delivered onto the drawing surface. Most drawing media are either dry (e.g. graphite, charcoal, pastels, Conté, silverpoint), or use a fluid solvent or carrier (marker, pen and ink). Watercolor pencils can be used dry like ordinary pencils, then moistened with a wet brush to get various painterly effects. Very rarely, artists have drawn with (usually decoded) invisible ink. Metalpoint drawing usually employs either of two metals: silver or lead.[18] More rarely used are gold, platinum, copper, brass, bronze, and tinpoint.
Paper comes in a variety of different sizes and qualities, ranging from newspaper grade up to high quality and relatively expensive paper sold as individual sheets.[19] Papers can vary in texture, hue, acidity, and strength when wet. Smooth paper is good for rendering fine detail, but a more "toothy" paper holds the drawing material better. Thus a coarser material is useful for producing deeper contrast.
Newsprint and typing paper may be useful for practice and rough sketches. Tracing paper is used to experiment over a half-finished drawing, and to transfer a design from one sheet to another. Cartridge paper is the basic type of drawing paper sold in pads. Bristol board and even heavier acid-free boards, frequently with smooth finishes, are used for drawing fine detail and do not distort when wet media (ink, washes) are applied. Vellum is extremely smooth and suitable for very fine detail. Coldpressed watercolor paper may be favored for ink drawing due to its texture.
Acid-free, archival quality paper keeps its color and texture far longer than wood pulp based paper such as newsprint, which turns yellow and become brittle much sooner.
The basic tools are a drawing board or table, pencil sharpener and eraser, and for ink drawing, blotting paper. Other tools used are circle compass, ruler, and set square. Fixative is used to prevent pencil and crayon marks from smudging. Drafting tape is used to secure paper to drawing surface, and also to mask an area to keep it free of accidental marks sprayed or spattered materials and washes. An easel or slanted table is used to keep the drawing surface in a suitable position, which is generally more horizontal than the position used in painting.
Almost all draftsmen use their hands and fingers to apply the media, with the exception of some handicapped individuals who draw with their mouth or feet.[20]
Prior to working on an image, the artist typically explores how various media work. They may try different drawing implements on practice sheets to determine value and texture, and how to apply the implement to produce various effects.
The artist's choice of drawing strokes affects the appearance of the image. Pen and ink drawings often use hatching—groups of parallel lines.[21] Cross-hatching uses hatching in two or more different directions to create a darker tone. Broken hatching, or lines with intermittent breaks, form lighter tones—and controlling the density of the breaks achieves a gradation of tone. Stippling, uses dots to produce tone, texture or shade. Different textures can be achieved depending on the method used to build tone.[22]
Drawings in dry media often use similar techniques, though pencils and drawing sticks can achieve continuous variations in tone. Typically a drawing is filled in based on which hand the artist favors. A right-handed artist draws from left to right to avoid smearing the image. Erasers can remove unwanted lines, lighten tones, and clean up stray marks. In a sketch or outline drawing, lines drawn often follow the contour of the subject, creating depth by looking like shadows cast from a light in the artist's position.
Sometimes the artist leaves a section of the image untouched while filling in the remainder. The shape of the area to preserve can be painted with masking fluid or cut out of a frisket and applied to the drawing surface, protecting the surface from stray marks until the mask is removed.
Another method to preserve a section of the image is to apply a spray-on fixative to the surface. This holds loose material more firmly to the sheet and prevents it from smearing. However the fixative spray typically uses chemicals that can harm the respiratory system, so it should be employed in a well-ventilated area such as outdoors.
Another technique is subtractive drawing in which the drawing surface is covered with graphite or charcoal and then erased to make the image.[23]
Shading is the technique of varying the tonal values on the paper to represent the shade of the material as well as the placement of the shadows. Careful attention to reflected light, shadows and highlights can result in a very realistic rendition of the image.
Blending uses an implement to soften or spread the original drawing strokes. Blending is most easily done with a medium that does not immediately fix itself, such as graphite, chalk, or charcoal, although freshly applied ink can be smudged, wet or dry, for some effects. For shading and blending, the artist can use a blending stump, tissue, a kneaded eraser, a fingertip, or any combination of them. A piece of chamois is useful for creating smooth textures, and for removing material to lighten the tone. Continuous tone can be achieved with graphite on a smooth surface without blending, but the technique is laborious, involving small circular or oval strokes with a somewhat blunt point.
Shading techniques that also introduce texture to the drawing include hatching and stippling. A number of other methods produce texture. In addition to the choice of paper, drawing material and technique affect texture. Texture can be made to appear more realistic when it is drawn next to a contrasting texture; a coarse texture is more obvious when placed next to a smoothly blended area. A similar effect can be achieved by drawing different tones close together. A light edge next to a dark background stands out to the eye, and almost appears to float above the surface.
Form and proportion[edit]Measuring the dimensions of a subject while blocking in the drawing is an important step in producing a realistic rendition of the subject. Tools such as a compass can be used to measure the angles of different sides. These angles can be reproduced on the drawing surface and then rechecked to make sure they are accurate. Another form of measurement is to compare the relative sizes of different parts of the subject with each other. A finger placed at a point along the drawing implement can be used to compare that dimension with other parts of the image. A ruler can be used both as a straightedge and a device to compute proportions.
When attempting to draw a complicated shape such as a human figure, it is helpful at first to represent the form with a set of primitive shapes. Almost any form can be represented by some combination of the cube, sphere, cylinder, and cone. Once these basic shapes have been assembled into a likeness, then the drawing can be refined into a more accurate and polished form. The lines of the primitive shapes are removed and replaced by the final likeness. Drawing the underlying construction is a fundamental skill for representational art, and is taught in many books and schools. Its correct application resolves most uncertainties about smaller details, and makes the final image look consistent.[24]
A more refined art of figure drawing relies upon the artist possessing a deep understanding of anatomy and the human proportions. A trained artist is familiar with the skeleton structure, joint location, muscle placement, tendon movement, and how the different parts work together during movement. This allows the artist to render more natural poses that do not appear artificially stiff. The artist is also familiar with how the proportions vary depending on the age of the subject, particularly when drawing a portrait.
Perspective[edit]
Linear perspective is a method of portraying objects on a flat surface so that the dimensions shrink with distance. Each set of parallel, straight edges of any object, whether a building or a table, follows lines that eventually converge at a vanishing point. Typically this convergence point is somewhere along the horizon, as buildings are built level with the flat surface. When multiple structures are aligned with each other, such as buildings along a street, the horizontal tops and bottoms of the structures typically converge at a vanishing point.When both the fronts and sides of a building are drawn, then the parallel lines forming a side converge at a second point along the horizon (which may be off the drawing paper.) This is a two-point perspective.[25] Converging the vertical lines to a third point above or below the horizon then produces a three-point perspective.
Depth can also be portrayed by several techniques in addition to the perspective approach above. Objects of similar size should appear ever smaller the further they are from the viewer. Thus the back wheel of a cart appears slightly smaller than the front wheel. Depth can be portrayed through the use of texture. As the texture of an object gets further away it becomes more compressed and busy, taking on an entirely different character than if it was close. Depth can also be portrayed by reducing the contrast in more distant objects, and by making their colors less saturated. This reproduces the effect of atmospheric haze, and cause the eye to focus primarily on objects drawn in the foreground.
Caption
The wonderful informed and articulate students who marched at the Perth Western Australia Action for Climate Change Mitigation Strike on 15/3/2019.
Angela Rossen
Artist and Biodiversity Educator
Honorary Research Associate School of the Biological Sciences
The University of Western Australia
Adjunct Artist Australian Institute of Marine Science
Environmental Science Art Workshops in Schools
Community Biodiversity Projects
The lessons of weaving Russian braided shoes, with the support of a charitable foundation, in your city are completely free!
You can get a second profession!
Alexander Yudelevich
there is a proposal to create a school for you
like i spend here
I'll send zapletёnki
The scenario is this: I distribute paper zapletenki
masters sit and doblet whoever he wants
all wear kokoshniki and sundresses
All-school works!
do a photo session and promote it throughout Russia
we do not sell bast shoes!
we do the show!
no capital investment no!
Especially for those who are ready to develop, learn something new, support at every stage.
Many, probably, noticed that all types of home creativity contribute to relieving tension, soothe the nerves and thereby prevent stress.
Our goal is a lapte school in every city and village in Russia!
www.livemaster.ru/topic/3105129-g-kyshtym-shkola-yunyh-pl...
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The 401st AFSB recognizes a Hero of the Week for outstanding support of the 401st AFSB mission and the Warfighter. Thanks for your hard work and keep up the great job!
About the 401st:
The 401st Army Field Support Brigade provides Soldiers, Sailors, Airman, and Marines, the tools and resources necessary to complete the mission. If they shoot, drive it, fly it, wear it, eat it or communicate with it, the 401st helps provide it. The brigade assists coalition partners with many of their logistical and sustainment needs. The brigade also handles the responsible disposition of equipment in Afghanistan to support evolving missions. We are the single link between Warfighters in the field, and working through Army Sustainment Command, we leverage Army Materiel Command’s worldwide Materiel Enterprise to develop, deliver, and sustain materiel to ensure a dominant joint force for the U.S. and our Allies.
For More information please visit us online:
The 213th Regional Support Group, Pennsylvania Army National Guard, held a change-of-command ceremony Oct. 15, 2017 at the historic Allentown Fairgrounds. Col. Mark Austin assumed command from Col. Laura McHugh with the traditional passing of the colors. McHugh will now be the Pennsylvania National Guard chief of staff while Austin remains the Deputy for Facilities and Engineering for the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs in his civilian career.
One year Fallujah – Supporting stabilization and reconstruction through addressing explosive hazards
Fallujah, 7 August 2017: “The city of Fallujah is slowly getting back to normal day by day and there is hope,” said Pehr Lodhammar, United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) Iraq Senior Programme Manager. Over a year ago, on 26 June 2016, Fallujah was retaken from Da’esh. Booby-traps and other improvised explosive devices (IEDs) where left behind causing victims among the returning civilians. Through survey, clearance and explosive hazard awareness campaigns, UNMAS supported stabilization and reconstruction efforts to enable the population to return to their homes safely.
Speaking for the local government in Falluja, Mayor Issa Modgen commented, “UNMAS contributed greatly to the clearance of infrastructure and making rehabilitation possible. All these sites are cleared from explosives now and provide services to the people of Fallujah.”
Awareness of potential explosive threats saves lives. UNMAS provided mine risk education sessions in IDP camps and Fallujah neighborhoods including Ramadi and Habbaniya to returning civilians, warning them of the explosive hazards. Through over 4,900 life saving risk education sessions through partners, UNMAS and partners reached over 127,000 beneficiaries of which 89,400 children and 19,200 women. A mother of a family who returned to Fallujah in 2016 used her new knowledge when she, upon return to her home, saw wires sticking out of the mud oven. Suspecting it could be an IED she warned her husband and children to leave the house, reported to explosive experts who could confirm that it was an IED placed inside the oven and later cleared the item.
UNMAS responded with security risk assessment missions into the city starting July 2016 with follow up survey and clearance in August 2016. In the last year UNMAS conducted 263 tasks in Fallujah working on water points, power plants, sewage sites, schools and healthcare facilities.
One of the tasks was the General Hospital in Fallujah. Nine operating theaters where destroyed during Da’esh occupation. After UNMAS conducted survey, reconstruction of the hospital buildings could start and staff could return in September 2016. The hospital is now functional again with 300 beds and 900 staff of which 65 specialist doctors and 30 resident doctors. The hospital in Fallujah serves a community of over 800,000 people. An average of 10,000 people a month receive treatment including major surgery.
In Fallujah UNMAS cleared 5,247,655 sqm over the last year removing 313 IEDs and 613 Explosive Remnants of War (ERW). Through this UNMAS is enabling humanitarian assistance and stabilization activities to take place so that key infrastructure, schools, health care centers and roads can be restored.
The work of UNMAS in Fallujah was made possible through the generous support from Australia, Denmark, Estonia, the European Union, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Photos by UNAMI PIO.
Ms Gillian Mellsop, UNICEF Representative to Ethiopia and Mr Torbjörn Petterson, Ambassador of Sweden to Ethiopia signing the grant agreement. The government of Sweden supports UNICEF with USD 9.2 million (SEK 75 million) to build an integrated safety net system for the most vulnerable women and children in both rural and urban Ethiopia. ©UNICEF Ethiopia/2017/Demissew Bizuwerk
Sussex Coast College Hastings SLDD 'Summer Time' show 26th June 2014 www.sussexcoast.ac.uk/courses/foundation-learning/148-cou...
Wayne Skobel, of Murphysboro, prepares his shot Sunday at the Carbon Lake Shooting Club in Murphysboro. Skobelparticipated in a shootout-match fundraiser at the clubhouse that was raising money for the Murphysboro Elks Club. “Weall came out to support the Elks,” said Rebecca Clover, another shootout participant of Murphysboro. “They are doinggood work, and it feels good to do what we can to help and have fun doing it.”
LYNNETTE OOSTMEYER | DAILY EGYPTIAN
“Leave it cleaner than you found it,” is one of the oldest sayings in the military and for 11 North Carolina National Guard Soldiers in Youngsville, North Carolina, it was more than an order this April 18, 2015, it was a privilege as they put years of military muscle, training and discipline into ‘Operation Support Our Own’. The members of the NCNG Ordnance Association, Austin – Bouton-Cardwell Chapter, took as their first mission as an association volunteering for Maj. Melissa Culbreth, a NCNG chaplain who is recovering from treatment for cancer. “My Guard family stepped up and it is amazing to have this kind of support,” said Culbreth. (U.S. Army National Guard Photo by Sgt. 1st Class Robert Jordan / Released)
British Hajj Delegation 2012. Volunteer Doctors support pilgrims (Hajjis) during Hajj 2012 (1433H) providing support & medical aid. 18th October - 4th November 2012. Copyright R.Mogradia | www.cbhuk.org
Incense sticks help support the golden boat that carried the Golden rock to its present resting place.
Canfranc, Aragón, Spain.
This image is copyright © Rubén López. All right reserved. This photo must not be used under ANY circumstances without written consent.
These 200-C type constants are fabricated from A-36 carbon steel and are designed for a load ranging between 17,800 lb. and 25,600 lb. The constants have a downward travel ranging between 12 1/2" and 16". This support maintains a constant load throughout the designed travel. The diameter of the spring coil housing is 21". The design includes a universal locking device capable of locking the hanger rod at any desired position. It also includes lifting lugs that aid in installing the constant in the field. Standard load and travel testing was performed before shipping to a steam plant.
Workers prepare foundations for buildings under construction at the Corps Support Battalion near Herat. Photo by Karla Marshall
Maryland National Guard Soldiers from units across the state worked around the clock to provide critical support to civilian law enforcement and firefighting agencies in Salisbury, Md. during Hurricane Irene.
Imagery captured of U.S. Military support at the Boy Scouts of America’s 2023 National Jamboree, held in Glen Jean, West Virginia, July 19-28, 2023. More than 15,000 Scouts from around the United States and multiple foreign nations participated in the event hosted on the 14,000-acre Summit Bechtel Reserve located adjacent to the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve in Southern West Virginia. More than 500 military personnel including Active Duty, Reserve and National Guard, provided critical congressionally mandated support for the event to include security, medical, meteorological, and aviation mission functions, while entertainment was provided by military bands and silent drill performance teams. (U.S. Army National Guard photo by Edwin L. Wriston)
The high tech support crew (two cyclists) operate the swing bridge at Green Lane, Maghull
The Dragon Boat Trans Pennine Challenge is comprised of two parts. From Liverpool City Centre to Leeds (2nd to 8th May) covering 128 miles and a Dragon Boat Regatta in Saltaire Park, Shipley on the River Calder on 7th May. Funds are being raised for Blood Bikes, Bradford Hospital Children's Ward and Spread a Smile.
This is the start of a year of celebrations this month to mark the bicentenary of the completion of Britain’s longest single man-made waterway, the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, on 22 October 1816.
Omaha Public Library Foundation welcomed young professionals to join a new organization to help support Omaha Public Library. A mixer at W. Dale Clark Main Library was an opportunity to learn more.
12/28/09. Everything about this spindle reminds me of chocolate... I'm hungry just looking at it.
The length is 12 1/2 inches and it weighs 1.2 oz.
Rally in support of Palestine and thePalestinian people in the face of renewed attacks against them at the hands of the State of Israel.
Israel is once again attacking Al-Aqsa Mosque in the holy month of Ramadan. Hundreds of prayer-goers have been brutalized and arrested by the Israeli Offense Force, and air strikes have hit Gaza. Israel is an aparthied state that commits crimes against huminaty and breaks international law, and this must be opposed.
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British Hajj Delegation 2012. Volunteer Doctors support pilgrims (Hajjis) during Hajj 2012 (1433H) providing support & medical aid. 18th October - 4th November 2012. Copyright R.Mogradia | www.cbhuk.org