View allAll Photos Tagged SuperComputer
The NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) Discover supercomputer at Goddard Space Flight Center gets bigger as NCCS and SGI staff place new racks. Adding more than 18,000 new processor cores will enable higher-fidelity simulations, spanning time scales from days to centuries, for applications from weather predictions to climate change projections. www.nccs.nasa.gov
Image credit: NASA GSFC/Jarrett Cohen
Argonne principal mechanical engineer Sibendu Som (left) and computational scientist Raymond Bair discuss combustion engine simulations conducted by the Virtual Engine Research Institute and Fuels Initiative (VERIFI). The initiative will be running massive simulations on Argonne’s Mira supercomputer to gain further insight into the inner workings of combustion engines.
30799D
Peter Littlewood, Argonne National Laboratory Director, speaks with the press.
31102D, Aurora Press Conference with ANL, Intel, and Cray
Photographer: Mark Lopez
This family of Canada geese, resting outside the Terascale Simulation Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory illustrates why sometimes they deserve to be considered pests. Sure, you can clean up the mess, but they'll be back with more deposits a short while later. It's a good thing this building, which houses some of the world's fastest supercomputers, has two entrances. Photo by Ross Gaunt/LLNL
This week, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) opened the Energy Systems Integration Facility, a new research center in Golden, Colorado, that will help boost the integration of clean energy technologies into the electricity grid. In the photo, NREL scientists Michael Crowley and Antti-Pekka Hynninen display some of the formulas they developed to speed calculations done by the software tool CHARMM by several orders of magnitude. Using NREL's new petascale supercomputer housed in the Energy Systems Integration Facility, they can simulate the motions of thousands of atoms, leading to greater understanding of how molecular models work. | Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL.
1.usa.gov/16mc5RX — in Golden, CO.
Arsenal (Vienna)
The Vienna Arsenal, object 1
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
The Arsenal in Vienna is a former military complex in the southeast of the city, located in the 3rd district of Vienna. The mighty, consisting of several brick buildings facility is located on a rectangular plan on a hill south of the Country Road Belt (Landstraßer Gürtel).
Meaning
The Arsenal is the most important secular assembly of Romantic Historicism in Vienna and was conducted in Italian-Medieval and Byzantine-Moorish forms. Essentially the complex is preserved in its original forms; only the former workshop buildings within the bounding, from the the outside visible wings were replaced by new constructions.
History to 1945
Bird's eye view of the complex, arsenal, lithography Alexander Kaiser, 1855
Vienna Arsenal (Museum of Military History)
Arsenal, with HGM (Heeresgeschichtliches Museum) from the East
The complex, with a total of 31 "objects" (buildings) was built from 1849 to 1856 on the occasion of the March Revolution of 1848 and was the first building of the fortress triangle, replacing the old Vienna's city walls, with the Rossauer Barracks and the now-defunct Franz Joseph barracks at Stubenring. These buildings should not serve to deter foreign enemies from the city, but to secure state power in the event of revolutionary upheavals in Vienna. The decision to build the Arsenal, it came from the 19-year-old Emperor Franz Joseph I who on 2 December 1848 had come to the throne.
The design for the Imperial Artillery Arsenal came from General Artillery Director Vincenz Freiherr von Augustin, to which, subsequently, the site management had been transferred. Under his leadership, the buildings under assignment of sectors have been planned of the architects Carl Roesner, Antonius Pius de Riegel, August Sicard von Sicardsburg, Eduard van der Nüll, Theophil von Hansen and Ludwig Förster and built by the company of the architect Leopold Mayr.
From 1853 to 1856, Arsenal church was built by the architect Carl Roesner. The K.K. Court Weapon Museum, later K.K. Army Museum, now Museum of Military History, housed in a separate representative free-standing wing, was completed structurally in 1856, but was only in 1869 for the first time accessible.
For the construction of the Arsenal 177 million bricks were used. Construction costs totaled $ 8.5 million guilders. In the following years, there have been extensions. During the two world wars, the complex served as a weapons factory and arsenal, especially as barracks.
The record number of employees in Arsenal was reached in the First World War, with around 20,000 staffers. After 1918, the military-industrial operation with own steel mill was transformed into a public service institution with the name "Austrian Factories Arsenal". However, there were almost insoluble conversion problems in the transition to peacetime production, the product range was too great and the mismanagement considerable. The number of employees declined steadily, and the company became one of the great economic scandals of the First Republic.
By the fall of 1938, the area belonged to the 10th District Favoriten. However, as was established during the "Third Reich" the Reich District of Greater Vienna, became the arsenal complex and the south-east of it lying areas in the wake of district boundary changes parts of the 3rd District.
During the Second World War, in the Arsenal tank repair workshops of the Waffen-SS were set up. In the last two years of the war several buildings were severely damaged by bombing. During the Battle of Vienna, in the days of 7 to 9 April 1945, was the arsenal, defended by the 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf", focus of the fighting, the Red Army before its victory facing heavy losses.
History since 1945
Ruins of the object 15 after the air raids 1944
Deposits at the Arsenal Street
After heavy bomb damages during the Second World War, the buildings of the Arsenal were largely restored to their original forms.
In the southern part and in the former courtyard of the arsenal several new buildings were added, among them 1959-1963 the decoration workshops of the Federal Theatre designed by the architects Erich Boltenstern and Robert Weinlich. From 1961 to 1963, the telecommunications central office was built by the architect Fritz Pfeffer. From 1973 to 1975 were built operation and office building of the Post and Telephone Head Office for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland (now Technology Centre Arsenal of Telekom Austria) with the 150-meter high radio tower in Vienna Arsenal according to the plans of architect Kurt Eckel. In the 1990s, a rehearsal stage of the Castle Theater (Burgtheater) was built according to plans by Gustav Peichl.
Also the Austrian Research and Testing Centre Arsenal, now Arsenal Research, which has made itself wordwide a celebrity by one of the largest air chambers (now moved to Floridsdorf - 21st District), was housed in the complex. A smaller part of the complex is still used by the Austrian army as a barracks. Furthermore, the Central Institute for Disinfection of the City of Vienna and the Central Chemical Laboratory of the Federal Monuments Office are housed in the arsenal. The Military History Museum uses multiple objects as depots.
In one part of the area residential buildings were erected. The Arsenal is forming an own, two census tracts encompassing census district, which according to the census in 2001 had 2.058 inhabitants.
End of 2003, the arsenal in connection with other properties of the Federal Property Society (BIG - Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft) was sold to a private investor group. Since early 2006, the lawyer of Baden (Lower Austria, not far away from Vienna) Rudolf Fries and industrialist Walter Scherb are majority owners of the 72,000 m2 historic site that they want to refurbish and according to possibility rent new. Fries also plans to enlarge the existing living space by more than a half (about 40,000 m2).
An architectural design competition, whose jury on 28 and 29 in June 2007 met, provided proposals amounting to substantial structural changes in the complex. Such designed competition winner Hohensinn a futuristic clouds clip modeled after El Lissitzky's cloud bracket, a multi-level horizontal structure on slender stilts over the old stock on the outskirts of the Swiss Garden. The realization of these plans is considered unlikely.
Some objects are since 2013 adapted for use by the Technical University of Vienna: Object 227, the so-called "Panzerhalle" will house laboratories of the Institute for Powertrains and Automotive Technology. In object 221, the "Siemens hall", laboratories of the Institute for Energy Technology and Thermodynamics as well as of the Institute for Manufacturing Technology and High Power Laser Technology are built. In object 214 is besides the Technical Testing and Research Institute (TVFA) also the second expansion stage of the "Vienna Scientific Cluster" housed, of a supercomputer, which was built jointly by the Vienna University of Technology, the University of Vienna and the University of Agricultural Sciences.
Accessibility
The arsenal was historically especially over the Landstraßer Gürtel developed. Today passes southeast in the immediate proximity the Südosttangente called motorway A23 with it connection Gürtel/Landstraßer Hauptstrasse. Southwest of the site runs the Eastern Railway, the new Vienna Central Station closes to the west of the arsenal. Two new bridges over the Eastern Railway, the Arsenal Stay Bridge and the Southern Railway bridge and an underpass as part of Ghegastraße and Alfred- Adler-Straße establish a connection to the on the other side of the railway facilities located Sonnwendviertel in the 10th District, which is being built on the former site of the freight train station Vienna South Station.
On the center side is between Arsenal and Landstraßer Gürtel the former Maria Josefa Park located, now known as Swiss Garden. Here stands at the Arsenal street the 21er Haus, a branch of the Austrian Gallery Belvedere, on the center-side edge of the Swiss Garden has the busy suburban main railway route the stop Vienna Quartier Belvedere, next to it the Wiener Linien D (tram) and 69A (bus) run.
The Cray XT5 Kraken, managed by the University of Tennessee and funded by the National Science Foundation, is the world’s fastest academic supercomputer. The Kraken features more than 99,000 processing cores, each with more than 1 gigabyte of local memory.
Intel V.P. Dave Patterson speaks with Rick Stevens, Argonne's Associate Laboratory Director for Computing, Environment and Life Sciences.
31102D, Aurora Press Conference with ANL, Intel, and Cray
Photographer: Mark Lopez
Learn about the power of today’s supercomputers and how they are used to solve many of the biggest scientific challenges facing researchers. Use your imagination as you enter the mirrored “infinity room” to answer the question, “What would you do if there were more of you?” Learn the basics of parallel computing by taking a virtual walk through Titan, the nation’s most powerful supercomputer. While inside Titan, you will see how parallel computing is like building a house—to get a job done efficiently, workers must carry out different tasks at the same time. Today’s supercomputers provide solutions to the world’s biggest challenges! Photo credit/Genevieve Martin/ORNL
Arsenal (Vienna)
The Vienna Arsenal, object 1
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
The Arsenal in Vienna is a former military complex in the southeast of the city, located in the 3rd district of Vienna. The mighty, consisting of several brick buildings facility is located on a rectangular plan on a hill south of the Country Road Belt (Landstraßer Gürtel).
Meaning
The Arsenal is the most important secular assembly of Romantic Historicism in Vienna and was conducted in Italian-Medieval and Byzantine-Moorish forms. Essentially the complex is preserved in its original forms; only the former workshop buildings within the bounding, from the the outside visible wings were replaced by new constructions.
History to 1945
Bird's eye view of the complex, arsenal, lithography Alexander Kaiser, 1855
Vienna Arsenal (Museum of Military History)
Arsenal, with HGM (Heeresgeschichtliches Museum) from the East
The complex, with a total of 31 "objects" (buildings) was built from 1849 to 1856 on the occasion of the March Revolution of 1848 and was the first building of the fortress triangle, replacing the old Vienna's city walls, with the Rossauer Barracks and the now-defunct Franz Joseph barracks at Stubenring. These buildings should not serve to deter foreign enemies from the city, but to secure state power in the event of revolutionary upheavals in Vienna. The decision to build the Arsenal, it came from the 19-year-old Emperor Franz Joseph I who on 2 December 1848 had come to the throne.
The design for the Imperial Artillery Arsenal came from General Artillery Director Vincenz Freiherr von Augustin, to which, subsequently, the site management had been transferred. Under his leadership, the buildings under assignment of sectors have been planned of the architects Carl Roesner, Antonius Pius de Riegel, August Sicard von Sicardsburg, Eduard van der Nüll, Theophil von Hansen and Ludwig Förster and built by the company of the architect Leopold Mayr.
From 1853 to 1856, Arsenal church was built by the architect Carl Roesner. The K.K. Court Weapon Museum, later K.K. Army Museum, now Museum of Military History, housed in a separate representative free-standing wing, was completed structurally in 1856, but was only in 1869 for the first time accessible.
For the construction of the Arsenal 177 million bricks were used. Construction costs totaled $ 8.5 million guilders. In the following years, there have been extensions. During the two world wars, the complex served as a weapons factory and arsenal, especially as barracks.
The record number of employees in Arsenal was reached in the First World War, with around 20,000 staffers. After 1918, the military-industrial operation with own steel mill was transformed into a public service institution with the name "Austrian Factories Arsenal". However, there were almost insoluble conversion problems in the transition to peacetime production, the product range was too great and the mismanagement considerable. The number of employees declined steadily, and the company became one of the great economic scandals of the First Republic.
By the fall of 1938, the area belonged to the 10th District Favoriten. However, as was established during the "Third Reich" the Reich District of Greater Vienna, became the arsenal complex and the south-east of it lying areas in the wake of district boundary changes parts of the 3rd District.
During the Second World War, in the Arsenal tank repair workshops of the Waffen-SS were set up. In the last two years of the war several buildings were severely damaged by bombing. During the Battle of Vienna, in the days of 7 to 9 April 1945, was the arsenal, defended by the 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf", focus of the fighting, the Red Army before its victory facing heavy losses.
History since 1945
Ruins of the object 15 after the air raids 1944
Deposits at the Arsenal Street
After heavy bomb damages during the Second World War, the buildings of the Arsenal were largely restored to their original forms.
In the southern part and in the former courtyard of the arsenal several new buildings were added, among them 1959-1963 the decoration workshops of the Federal Theatre designed by the architects Erich Boltenstern and Robert Weinlich. From 1961 to 1963, the telecommunications central office was built by the architect Fritz Pfeffer. From 1973 to 1975 were built operation and office building of the Post and Telephone Head Office for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland (now Technology Centre Arsenal of Telekom Austria) with the 150-meter high radio tower in Vienna Arsenal according to the plans of architect Kurt Eckel. In the 1990s, a rehearsal stage of the Castle Theater (Burgtheater) was built according to plans by Gustav Peichl.
Also the Austrian Research and Testing Centre Arsenal, now Arsenal Research, which has made itself wordwide a celebrity by one of the largest air chambers (now moved to Floridsdorf - 21st District), was housed in the complex. A smaller part of the complex is still used by the Austrian army as a barracks. Furthermore, the Central Institute for Disinfection of the City of Vienna and the Central Chemical Laboratory of the Federal Monuments Office are housed in the arsenal. The Military History Museum uses multiple objects as depots.
In one part of the area residential buildings were erected. The Arsenal is forming an own, two census tracts encompassing census district, which according to the census in 2001 had 2.058 inhabitants.
End of 2003, the arsenal in connection with other properties of the Federal Property Society (BIG - Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft) was sold to a private investor group. Since early 2006, the lawyer of Baden (Lower Austria, not far away from Vienna) Rudolf Fries and industrialist Walter Scherb are majority owners of the 72,000 m2 historic site that they want to refurbish and according to possibility rent new. Fries also plans to enlarge the existing living space by more than a half (about 40,000 m2).
An architectural design competition, whose jury on 28 and 29 in June 2007 met, provided proposals amounting to substantial structural changes in the complex. Such designed competition winner Hohensinn a futuristic clouds clip modeled after El Lissitzky's cloud bracket, a multi-level horizontal structure on slender stilts over the old stock on the outskirts of the Swiss Garden. The realization of these plans is considered unlikely.
Some objects are since 2013 adapted for use by the Technical University of Vienna: Object 227, the so-called "Panzerhalle" will house laboratories of the Institute for Powertrains and Automotive Technology. In object 221, the "Siemens hall", laboratories of the Institute for Energy Technology and Thermodynamics as well as of the Institute for Manufacturing Technology and High Power Laser Technology are built. In object 214 is besides the Technical Testing and Research Institute (TVFA) also the second expansion stage of the "Vienna Scientific Cluster" housed, of a supercomputer, which was built jointly by the Vienna University of Technology, the University of Vienna and the University of Agricultural Sciences.
Accessibility
The arsenal was historically especially over the Landstraßer Gürtel developed. Today passes southeast in the immediate proximity the Südosttangente called motorway A23 with it connection Gürtel/Landstraßer Hauptstrasse. Southwest of the site runs the Eastern Railway, the new Vienna Central Station closes to the west of the arsenal. Two new bridges over the Eastern Railway, the Arsenal Stay Bridge and the Southern Railway bridge and an underpass as part of Ghegastraße and Alfred- Adler-Straße establish a connection to the on the other side of the railway facilities located Sonnwendviertel in the 10th District, which is being built on the former site of the freight train station Vienna South Station.
On the center side is between Arsenal and Landstraßer Gürtel the former Maria Josefa Park located, now known as Swiss Garden. Here stands at the Arsenal street the 21er Haus, a branch of the Austrian Gallery Belvedere, on the center-side edge of the Swiss Garden has the busy suburban main railway route the stop Vienna Quartier Belvedere, next to it the Wiener Linien D (tram) and 69A (bus) run.
Argonne researcher Joseph Insley explains a visualization of blood flow conducted on Argonne's current supercomputer, Mira.
31102D, Aurora Press Conference with ANL, Intel, and Cray
Photographer: Mark Lopez
Quoting from the caption on this artifact, and also the British Museum's Making the Modern World site:
Seymour Cray was the founder of the high-performance computer industry. In 1960 Cray helped to create the Control Data Corporation and designed CDC 1604, the first fully transistorised, large, scientific computer. In 1972 he started his own company, Cray Research, at Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, USA, and created the Cray-1A, the first in a series of groundbreaking supercomputers.
The computer mainframe consists of 12 wedge-shaped columns placed in an arc. This cylindrical shape was chosen in order to keep the wiring distances short and to reduce the time it took signals to pass along the wires. It also has a Freon cooling system and an early form of vector processing that allowed the computer to achieve then-unrivalled operating speeds.
Cray's designs embodied innovative technology and a great aesthetic sense, but he liked to work with simple tools - often a pencil and paper. It is said that when he was told Apple had bought a Cray to simulate their next desktop machine he remarked: 'Funny, I am using an Apple to simulate the Cray-3'.
The machine here cost £8 million in 1979 and was installed at Aldermaston Atomic Weapons Establishment in England, where it remained in use until July 1990 - the last operating Cray-1A in the world.
The light from early galaxies had a dramatic impact on the gases filling the universe. The stars in these galaxies gave off radiation that ionized the gas (stripping away an electron). This is a supercomputer simulation of this event, called the “epoch of reionization.” The coral-like blobs are created by comparing the gas density in this simulation to one without the light from early stars.
MORE DETAILS »
This visualization highlights the spatial structure of the effect of the light from early galaxies, by comparing the density field from two simulations: one with a self-consistent radiation field (radiative), and one without (non-radiative). The coral-like blobs are regions where light has radiated out, heating the gas, and raising the pressure. The red regions show where the density is much higher in the radiative simulation, while the yellow regions are where the non-radiative has more density. This is the first known visualization of a process known as Jeans smoothing.
Visualization:
Mark Hereld, Joseph A. Insley, Michael E. Papka, Thomas Uram, Venkatram Vishwanath
Argonne National Laboratory
Science:
Robert Harkness, Michael L. Norman, Rick Wagner
San Diego Supercomputer Center
Daniel R. Reynolds,
Southern Methodist University
Stranger #42/100 - Fabian (Blackbeards)
***
This picture is #042 in my 100 strangers project. Find out more about the project and see pictures taken by other photographers at the 100 Strangers Flickr Group page
***
Usually I'm not a friend of "Magic Numbers", but everyone who has read Douglas Adams' Book will know the special meaning of the number 42: It was the "Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything" calculated by the supercomputer "deep thought" [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42_(number)].
Therefore I wanted a very special person as my "Stranger #42" and I think Fabian is a perfect impersonation - and he knows the meaning of this number (!).
I met him at the "Stijl"-Event in Munich in a crowded gangway and felt immediately a strong photographic impulse, triggered by an impressive beard with a clothes pin hanging at the end. I asked him for a photo and introduced the project "100 strangers" in an abbreviated form.
Fabian agreed without hesitation to participate and told me that they were presenting some products for shaving and beard care at their booth at the end of the event area, where he would work for blackbeards, an online shop specialized to this market sector. He is also acting as a model for this brand and therefore you can find his face not only on the website but also on printed flyers and in social networks like "Facebook" as a representative for blackbeards.
Though I had finished my "bearded phase" a few weeks ago I decided to visit their representation and realized this shortly before closing time of the event.
The first photo was taken at the place of the first encounter among the visitors, the others were made at the exhibition stand with some marketing elements in the background.
***
Normalerweise gebe ich nichts auf "Zahlenmystik", aber wer das Buch von Douglas Adams kennt, wird mit der Zahl 42 eine besondere Bedeutung verbinden: Es war die Antwort des Supercomputers "deep thought" auf die ultimative Frage nach "dem Leben, dem Universum und dem ganzen Rest“ (engl. “life, the universe and everything"), die dieser nach endlosen Berechnungen mit dieser Zahl quittierte. [de.wikipedia.org/wiki/42_(Antwort)]
Ich hatte deshalb die Absicht, für meinen Stranger #42 eine besondere Person zu finden. Mit Fabian ist mir das gelungen - und er kennt diese Bedeutung der Zahl 42 :-).
Er lief mir im Gedränge auf der "Stijl"-Veranstaltung in München über den Weg und löste sofort einen fotografischen Impuls aus, weil er einen stattlichen Bart trug, an dem eine Wäscheklammer mit der Aufschrift "blackbeards" hing.
Ich sprach ihn an und es stellte sich heraus, dass er als Aussteller auf der Messe mit einem Stand vertreten war, wo Produkte "rund um den Bart" präsentiert wurden.
Nachdem ich ihm das Projekt "100 Strangers" kurz vorgestellt hatte, erklärte er sich ohne Zögern bereit mitzumachen. Als Werbeträger für die Marke blackbeards verfügt er bereits über Erfahrungen als Modell und sein Gesicht erscheint nicht nur auf der Website des Online-Shops, sondern auch auf gedruckten Broschüren und in sozialen Netzwerken wie "Facebook". Ich nahm mir deshalb vor, später seinen Stand zu besuchen, auch wenn ich meine eigenen Ambitionen als Träger eines Vollbarts mittlerweile aufgegeben habe (zuviele graue Haare :-).
In der Zwischenzeit bummelte ich durch die Räume, stöberte im vielfältigen Angebot und lernte ein paar nette Leute kennen, von denen einige ebenfalls als Motiv für mein Fotoprojekt in Frage gekommen wären. Unter anderem ergab sich aus einer weiteren Begegnung auf dieser Veranstaltung mein [Stranger #43 - Aline].
Kurz vor Ende des Events fand ich dann die Präsentation der Blackbeards-Vertreter, die erwartungsgemäß alle eindrucksvolle Bärte besitzen, zumindest die Männer. Dort versuchte ich noch ein paar Porträts von Fabian, die ihn zusammen mit Werbeelementen der Marke zeigen. Eine der letzten Aufnahmen, die alle ohne zusätzliche Aufhellung bei den gegebenen Lichtverhältnissen entstanden, habe ich für das Projekt ausgewählt. Bei der Nachbearbeitung fiel mir dann auf, dass der rote Stoff an seiner Cap zu einer leichten Farbverfälschung auf dem Gesicht führte, was ich nicht vollständig beseitigen konnte (eine wichtige Erfahrung für die technischen Aspekte der Porträtfotografie!).
Eine ausnahmsweise zusätzlich erstellte Schwarz-Weiss-Variante kaschiert dieses Problem und steht deshalb zu Vergleichszwecken hier zur Verfügung.
Bei Fabian möchte ich mich an dieser Stelle für die Bereitschaft zur Teilnahme und für die Geduld bei der kurzen zusätzlichen Aufnahmesession bedanken!
***
[CF_2017-04-23_180238(GX80)_EditSP_ji(Ausschnitt3x4_3300x4400_S-3_KL0.60_SW_Tri-X400_Gl0.2Tw10).jpg]
Available light with no additional light source.
Raw format converted with SilkyPix , afterwards some postprocessing with JPG Illuminator.
The Cray XT Jaguar features more than 224,000 processing cores, each with 2 gigabytes of local memory.
Left row: Cray T3E (Unicos). Middle: Cray YMP-EL. Right row: Sun E10000 (Solaris), Cray J90 (Unicos), Control Data 4680 (EP/IX), SGI O2000 (Irix)
2018: Summit Supercomputer
When installation is complete, Summit will feature IBM's POWER9 processors, NVIDIA Volta GPUs, and NVLink connections.
ORNL will soon launch Summit, the next leap in leadership-class computing systems for open science. Compared with Titan, the lab's current supercomputer, Summit will move data 5 to 10 times faster, store 8 times more data, and perform many more calculations simultaneously. Researchers who have been using supercomputers will be able to add much more complexity to their codes, which will produce models and simulations with much greater resolution and higher fidelity for improved research output.
...at Weta Digital / The New Zealand Supercomputer Centre.
This is Scott Houston who was the Weta CIO during Two Towers and Return Of the King. Interesting fact: He was part of the special features on the DVD for Two Towers.
Those racks of PCs were used for King Kong amongst others. How cool is that?
Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm visited ORNL on Nov. 22, 2021, for a two-hour tour. Secretary Granholm met with scientists and engineers during a visit that featured ORNL’s computational capabilities, basic energy science and bioenergy research, innovations in grid and electrification and novel advanced manufacturing solutions. Secretary Granholm was joined on her tour by U.S. Representative Chuck Fleischmann and Oak Ridge Mayor Warren Gooch. Granholm virtually visited ORNL on Sept. 28, 2021. This is the secretary’s first in-person visit to the Lab.
Learn about the power of today’s supercomputers and how they are used to solve many of the biggest scientific challenges facing researchers. Use your imagination as you enter the mirrored “infinity room” to answer the question, “What would you do if there were more of you?” Learn the basics of parallel computing by taking a virtual walk through Titan, the nation’s most powerful supercomputer. While inside Titan, you will see how parallel computing is like building a house—to get a job done efficiently, workers must carry out different tasks at the same time. Today’s supercomputers provide solutions to the world’s biggest challenges! Photo credit/Genevieve Martin/ORNL
The MessagePad was the first series of personal digital assistant devices developed by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) for the Newton platform in 1993. Some electronic engineering and the manufacture of Apple's MessagePad devices was done in Japan by the Sharp Corporation. The devices were based on the ARM 610 RISC processor and all featured handwriting recognition software and were developed and marketed by Apple. The devices ran the Newton OS.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MessagePad
Retrocomputing (a portmanteau of retro and computing) is the use of early computer hardware and software today. Retrocomputing is usually classed as a hobby and recreation rather than a practical application of technology; enthusiasts often collect rare and valuable hardware and software for sentimental reasons. However some do make use of it.[1] Retrocomputing often gets its start when a computer user realizes that expensive fantasy systems like IBM Mainframes, DEC Superminis, SGI workstations and Cray Supercomputers have become affordable on the used computer market, usually in a relatively short time after the computers' era of use.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrocomputing
Con il termine retrocomputing si indica una attività di "archeologia informatica" che consiste nel reperire, specialmente a costi minimi, computer di vecchie generazioni, che hanno rappresentato fasi importanti dell'evoluzione tecnologica, ripararli se sono danneggiati, metterli nuovamente in funzione e preservarli.
Arsenal (Vienna)
The Vienna Arsenal, object 1
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
The Arsenal in Vienna is a former military complex in the southeast of the city, located
in the 3rd district of Vienna. The mighty, consisting of several brick buildings facility is located on a rectangular plan on a hill south of the Country Road Belt (Landstraßer Gürtel).
Meaning
The Arsenal is the most important secular assembly of Romantic Historicism in Vienna and was conducted in Italian-Medieval and Byzantine-Moorish forms. Essentially the complex is preserved in its original forms; only the former workshop buildings within the bounding, from the the outside visible wings were replaced by new constructions.
History to 1945
Bird's eye view of the complex, arsenal, lithography Alexander Kaiser, 1855
Vienna Arsenal (Museum of Military History)
Arsenal, with HGM (Heeresgeschichtliches Museum) from the East
The complex, with a total of 31 "objects" (buildings) was built from 1849 to 1856 on the occasion of the March Revolution of 1848 and was the first building of the fortress triangle, replacing the old Vienna's city walls, with the Rossauer Barracks and the now-defunct Franz Joseph barracks at Stubenring. These buildings should not serve to deter foreign enemies from the city, but to secure state power in the event of revolutionary upheavals in Vienna. The decision to build the Arsenal, it came from the 19-year-old Emperor Franz Joseph I who on 2 December 1848 had come to the throne.
The design for the Imperial Artillery Arsenal came from General Artillery Director Vincenz Freiherr von Augustin, to which, subsequently, the site management had been transferred. Under his leadership, the buildings under assignment of sectors have been planned of the architects Carl Roesner, Antonius Pius de Riegel, August Sicard von Sicardsburg, Eduard van der Nüll, Theophil von Hansen and Ludwig Förster and built by the company of the architect Leopold Mayr.
From 1853 to 1856, Arsenal church was built by the architect Carl Roesner. The K.K. Court Weapon Museum, later K.K. Army Museum, now Museum of Military History, housed in a separate representative free-standing wing, was completed structurally in 1856, but was only in 1869 for the first time accessible.
For the construction of the Arsenal 177 million bricks were used. Construction costs totaled $ 8.5 million guilders. In the following years, there have been extensions. During the two world wars, the complex served as a weapons factory and arsenal, especially as barracks.
The record number of employees in Arsenal was reached in the First World War, with around 20,000 staffers. After 1918, the military-industrial operation with own steel mill was transformed into a public service institution with the name "Austrian Factories Arsenal". However, there were almost insoluble conversion problems in the transition to peacetime production, the product range was too great and the mismanagement considerable. The number of employees declined steadily, and the company became one of the great economic scandals of the First Republic.
By the fall of 1938, the area belonged to the 10th District Favoriten. However, as was established during the "Third Reich" the Reich District of Greater Vienna, became the arsenal complex and the south-east of it lying areas in the wake of district boundary changes parts of the 3rd District.
During the Second World War, in the Arsenal tank repair workshops of the Waffen-SS were set up. In the last two years of the war several buildings were severely damaged by bombing. During the Battle of Vienna, in the days of 7 to 9 April 1945, was the arsenal, defended by the 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf", focus of the fighting, the Red Army before its victory facing heavy losses.
History since 1945
Ruins of the object 15 after the air raids 1944
Deposits at the Arsenal Street
After heavy bomb damages during the Second World War, the buildings of the Arsenal were largely restored to their original forms.
In the southern part and in the former courtyard of the arsenal several new buildings were added, among them 1959-1963 the decoration workshops of the Federal Theatre designed by the architects Erich Boltenstern and Robert Weinlich. From 1961 to 1963, the telecommunications central office was built by the architect Fritz Pfeffer. From 1973 to 1975 were built operation and office building of the Post and Telephone Head Office for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland (now Technology Centre Arsenal of Telekom Austria) with the 150-meter high radio tower in Vienna Arsenal according to the plans of architect Kurt Eckel. In the 1990s, a rehearsal stage of the Castle Theater (Burgtheater) was built according to plans by Gustav Peichl.
Also the Austrian Research and Testing Centre Arsenal, now Arsenal Research, which has made itself wordwide a celebrity by one of the largest air chambers (now moved to Floridsdorf - 21st District), was housed in the complex. A smaller part of the complex is still used by the Austrian army as a barracks. Furthermore, the Central Institute for Disinfection of the City of Vienna and the Central Chemical Laboratory of the Federal Monuments Office are housed in the arsenal. The Military History Museum uses multiple objects as depots.
In one part of the area residential buildings were erected. The Arsenal is forming an own, two census tracts encompassing census district, which according to the census in 2001 had 2.058 inhabitants.
End of 2003, the arsenal in connection with other properties of the Federal Property Society (BIG - Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft) was sold to a private investor group. Since early 2006, the lawyer of Baden (Lower Austria, not far away from Vienna) Rudolf Fries and industrialist Walter Scherb are majority owners of the 72,000 m2 historic site that they want to refurbish and according to possibility rent new. Fries also plans to enlarge the existing living space by more than a half (about 40,000 m2).
An architectural design competition, whose jury on 28 and 29 in June 2007 met, provided proposals amounting to substantial structural changes in the complex. Such designed competition winner Hohensinn a futuristic clouds clip modeled after El Lissitzky's cloud bracket, a multi-level horizontal structure on slender stilts over the old stock on the outskirts of the Swiss Garden. The realization of these plans is considered unlikely.
Some objects are since 2013 adapted for use by the Technical University of Vienna: Object 227, the so-called "Panzerhalle" will house laboratories of the Institute for Powertrains and Automotive Technology. In object 221, the "Siemens hall", laboratories of the Institute for Energy Technology and Thermodynamics as well as of the Institute for Manufacturing Technology and High Power Laser Technology are built. In object 214 is besides the Technical Testing and Research Institute (TVFA) also the second expansion stage of the "Vienna Scientific Cluster" housed, of a supercomputer, which was built jointly by the Vienna University of Technology, the University of Vienna and the University of Agricultural Sciences.
Accessibility
The arsenal was historically especially over the Landstraßer Gürtel developed. Today passes southeast in the immediate proximity the Südosttangente called motorway A23 with it connection Gürtel/Landstraßer Hauptstrasse. Southwest of the site runs the Eastern Railway, the new Vienna Central Station closes to the west of the arsenal. Two new bridges over the Eastern Railway, the Arsenal Stay Bridge and the Southern Railway bridge and an underpass as part of Ghegastraße and Alfred- Adler-Straße establish a connection to the on the other side of the railway facilities located Sonnwendviertel in the 10th District, which is being built on the former site of the freight train station Vienna South Station.
On the center side is between Arsenal and Landstraßer Gürtel the former Maria Josefa Park located, now known as Swiss Garden. Here stands at the Arsenal street the 21er Haus, a branch of the Austrian Gallery Belvedere, on the center-side edge of the Swiss Garden has the busy suburban main railway route the stop Vienna Quartier Belvedere, next to it the Wiener Linien D (tram) and 69A (bus) run.
Arsenal (Vienna)
The Vienna Arsenal, object 1
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
The Arsenal in Vienna is a former military complex in the southeast of the city, located in the 3rd district of Vienna. The mighty, consisting of several brick buildings facility is located on a rectangular plan on a hill south of the Country Road Belt (Landstraßer Gürtel).
Meaning
The Arsenal is the most important secular assembly of Romantic Historicism in Vienna and was conducted in Italian-Medieval and Byzantine-Moorish forms. Essentially the complex is preserved in its original forms; only the former workshop buildings within the bounding, from the the outside visible wings were replaced by new constructions.
History to 1945
Bird's eye view of the complex, arsenal, lithography Alexander Kaiser, 1855
Vienna Arsenal (Museum of Military History)
Arsenal, with HGM (Heeresgeschichtliches Museum) from the East
The complex, with a total of 31 "objects" (buildings) was built from 1849 to 1856 on the occasion of the March Revolution of 1848 and was the first building of the fortress triangle, replacing the old Vienna's city walls, with the Rossauer Barracks and the now-defunct Franz Joseph barracks at Stubenring. These buildings should not serve to deter foreign enemies from the city, but to secure state power in the event of revolutionary upheavals in Vienna. The decision to build the Arsenal, it came from the 19-year-old Emperor Franz Joseph I who on 2 December 1848 had come to the throne.
The design for the Imperial Artillery Arsenal came from General Artillery Director Vincenz Freiherr von Augustin, to which, subsequently, the site management had been transferred. Under his leadership, the buildings under assignment of sectors have been planned of the architects Carl Roesner, Antonius Pius de Riegel, August Sicard von Sicardsburg, Eduard van der Nüll, Theophil von Hansen and Ludwig Förster and built by the company of the architect Leopold Mayr.
From 1853 to 1856, Arsenal church was built by the architect Carl Roesner. The K.K. Court Weapon Museum, later K.K. Army Museum, now Museum of Military History, housed in a separate representative free-standing wing, was completed structurally in 1856, but was only in 1869 for the first time accessible.
For the construction of the Arsenal 177 million bricks were used. Construction costs totaled $ 8.5 million guilders. In the following years, there have been extensions. During the two world wars, the complex served as a weapons factory and arsenal, especially as barracks.
The record number of employees in Arsenal was reached in the First World War, with around 20,000 staffers. After 1918, the military-industrial operation with own steel mill was transformed into a public service institution with the name "Austrian Factories Arsenal". However, there were almost insoluble conversion problems in the transition to peacetime production, the product range was too great and the mismanagement considerable. The number of employees declined steadily, and the company became one of the great economic scandals of the First Republic.
By the fall of 1938, the area belonged to the 10th District Favoriten. However, as was established during the "Third Reich" the Reich District of Greater Vienna, became the arsenal complex and the south-east of it lying areas in the wake of district boundary changes parts of the 3rd District.
During the Second World War, in the Arsenal tank repair workshops of the Waffen-SS were set up. In the last two years of the war several buildings were severely damaged by bombing. During the Battle of Vienna, in the days of 7 to 9 April 1945, was the arsenal, defended by the 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf", focus of the fighting, the Red Army before its victory facing heavy losses.
History since 1945
Ruins of the object 15 after the air raids 1944
Deposits at the Arsenal Street
After heavy bomb damages during the Second World War, the buildings of the Arsenal were largely restored to their original forms.
In the southern part and in the former courtyard of the arsenal several new buildings were added, among them 1959-1963 the decoration workshops of the Federal Theatre designed by the architects Erich Boltenstern and Robert Weinlich. From 1961 to 1963, the telecommunications central office was built by the architect Fritz Pfeffer. From 1973 to 1975 were built operation and office building of the Post and Telephone Head Office for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland (now Technology Centre Arsenal of Telekom Austria) with the 150-meter high radio tower in Vienna Arsenal according to the plans of architect Kurt Eckel. In the 1990s, a rehearsal stage of the Castle Theater (Burgtheater) was built according to plans by Gustav Peichl.
Also the Austrian Research and Testing Centre Arsenal, now Arsenal Research, which has made itself wordwide a celebrity by one of the largest air chambers (now moved to Floridsdorf - 21st District), was housed in the complex. A smaller part of the complex is still used by the Austrian army as a barracks. Furthermore, the Central Institute for Disinfection of the City of Vienna and the Central Chemical Laboratory of the Federal Monuments Office are housed in the arsenal. The Military History Museum uses multiple objects as depots.
In one part of the area residential buildings were erected. The Arsenal is forming an own, two census tracts encompassing census district, which according to the census in 2001 had 2.058 inhabitants.
End of 2003, the arsenal in connection with other properties of the Federal Property Society (BIG - Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft) was sold to a private investor group. Since early 2006, the lawyer of Baden (Lower Austria, not far away from Vienna) Rudolf Fries and industrialist Walter Scherb are majority owners of the 72,000 m2 historic site that they want to refurbish and according to possibility rent new. Fries also plans to enlarge the existing living space by more than a half (about 40,000 m2).
An architectural design competition, whose jury on 28 and 29 in June 2007 met, provided proposals amounting to substantial structural changes in the complex. Such designed competition winner Hohensinn a futuristic clouds clip modeled after El Lissitzky's cloud bracket, a multi-level horizontal structure on slender stilts over the old stock on the outskirts of the Swiss Garden. The realization of these plans is considered unlikely.
Some objects are since 2013 adapted for use by the Technical University of Vienna: Object 227, the so-called "Panzerhalle" will house laboratories of the Institute for Powertrains and Automotive Technology. In object 221, the "Siemens hall", laboratories of the Institute for Energy Technology and Thermodynamics as well as of the Institute for Manufacturing Technology and High Power Laser Technology are built. In object 214 is besides the Technical Testing and Research Institute (TVFA) also the second expansion stage of the "Vienna Scientific Cluster" housed, of a supercomputer, which was built jointly by the Vienna University of Technology, the University of Vienna and the University of Agricultural Sciences.
Accessibility
The arsenal was historically especially over the Landstraßer Gürtel developed. Today passes southeast in the immediate proximity the Südosttangente called motorway A23 with it connection Gürtel/Landstraßer Hauptstrasse. Southwest of the site runs the Eastern Railway, the new Vienna Central Station closes to the west of the arsenal. Two new bridges over the Eastern Railway, the Arsenal Stay Bridge and the Southern Railway bridge and an underpass as part of Ghegastraße and Alfred- Adler-Straße establish a connection to the on the other side of the railway facilities located Sonnwendviertel in the 10th District, which is being built on the former site of the freight train station Vienna South Station.
On the center side is between Arsenal and Landstraßer Gürtel the former Maria Josefa Park located, now known as Swiss Garden. Here stands at the Arsenal street the 21er Haus, a branch of the Austrian Gallery Belvedere, on the center-side edge of the Swiss Garden has the busy suburban main railway route the stop Vienna Quartier Belvedere, next to it the Wiener Linien D (tram) and 69A (bus) run.
PI: William George, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Flow simulations of thousands of particles on the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility’s Blue Gene/P supercomputer are enabling new insights into how to measure and control flow properties of large-particle dense suspensions like concrete that cannot currently be accurately measured in industrial settings. A better understanding of these properties will help ensure the optimum performance of concrete and eliminate cost overruns.
Credit: Images and the software used to produce them were developed by Steven Satterfield, John Hagedorn, and John Kelso of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and Marc Olano of NIST and the University of Maryland–Baltimore County.
Karthik Duraisamy, AERO Professor, explains a computer simulation of a shock wave impinging on an airplane wing surface in the Duderstadt Center on March 29, 2016.
ConFlux is designed to enable supercomputer simulations to interface with large datasets and aims to close a gap in the U.S. research computing infrastructure while van guarding the emerging field of data-driven physics.
Photo: Joseph Xu/Multimedia Content Producer, University of Michigan - College of Engineering
(from left) Argonne Leadership Computing Facility's (ALCF) Susan Coghlan and Mike Papka.
31102D, Aurora Press Conference with ANL, Intel, and Cray
Photographer: Mark Lopez
1989: Parallel Virtual Machine software
The Parallel Virtual Machine software enables different types of computer systems, such as the Kendall Square system behind ORNL researchers Malcolm Stocks and Al Geist, to be used as a coherent and flexible computational resource.
The first version of the Parallel Virtual Machine software is developed at ORNL, attracting more than 400,000 users in the mid-1990s to become the international de facto standard for clustering computers into a virtual supercomputer.
Currently ranked the world's fastest supercomputer. Fujitsu is collaborating with RIKEN to develop the "K computer". More details here:
www.fujitsu.com/global/about/tech/k/
And related press release here:
www.fujitsu.com/global/news/pr/archives/month/2011/201106...
Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm visited ORNL on Nov. 22, 2021, for a two-hour tour. Secretary Granholm met with scientists and engineers during a visit that featured ORNL’s computational capabilities, basic energy science and bioenergy research, innovations in grid and electrification and novel advanced manufacturing solutions. Secretary Granholm was joined on her tour by U.S. Representative Chuck Fleischmann and Oak Ridge Mayor Warren Gooch. Granholm virtually visited ORNL on Sept. 28, 2021. This is the secretary’s first in-person visit to the Lab.
photo by Scott Beale / Laughing Squid
This photo is licensed under a Creative Commons license. If you use this photo within the terms of the license or make special arrangements to use the photo, please list the photo credit as "Scott Beale / Laughing Squid" and link the credit to laughingsquid.com.
Arsenal (Vienna)
The Vienna Arsenal, object 1
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
The Arsenal in Vienna is a former military complex in the southeast of the city, located in the 3rd district of Vienna. The mighty, consisting of several brick buildings facility is located on a rectangular plan on a hill south of the Country Road Belt (Landstraßer Gürtel).
Meaning
The Arsenal is the most important secular assembly of Romantic Historicism in Vienna and was conducted in Italian-Medieval and Byzantine-Moorish forms. Essentially the complex is preserved in its original forms; only the former workshop buildings within the bounding, from the the outside visible wings were replaced by new constructions.
History to 1945
Bird's eye view of the complex, arsenal, lithography Alexander Kaiser, 1855
Vienna Arsenal (Museum of Military History)
Arsenal, with HGM (Heeresgeschichtliches Museum) from the East
The complex, with a total of 31 "objects" (buildings) was built from 1849 to 1856 on the occasion of the March Revolution of 1848 and was the first building of the fortress triangle, replacing the old Vienna's city walls, with the Rossauer Barracks and the now-defunct Franz Joseph barracks at Stubenring. These buildings should not serve to deter foreign enemies from the city, but to secure state power in the event of revolutionary upheavals in Vienna. The decision to build the Arsenal, it came from the 19-year-old Emperor Franz Joseph I who on 2 December 1848 had come to the throne.
The design for the Imperial Artillery Arsenal came from General Artillery Director Vincenz Freiherr von Augustin, to which, subsequently, the site management had been transferred. Under his leadership, the buildings under assignment of sectors have been planned of the architects Carl Roesner, Antonius Pius de Riegel, August Sicard von Sicardsburg, Eduard van der Nüll, Theophil von Hansen and Ludwig Förster and built by the company of the architect Leopold Mayr.
From 1853 to 1856, Arsenal church was built by the architect Carl Roesner. The K.K. Court Weapon Museum, later K.K. Army Museum, now Museum of Military History, housed in a separate representative free-standing wing, was completed structurally in 1856, but was only in 1869 for the first time accessible.
For the construction of the Arsenal 177 million bricks were used. Construction costs totaled $ 8.5 million guilders. In the following years, there have been extensions. During the two world wars, the complex served as a weapons factory and arsenal, especially as barracks.
The record number of employees in Arsenal was reached in the First World War, with around 20,000 staffers. After 1918, the military-industrial operation with own steel mill was transformed into a public service institution with the name "Austrian Factories Arsenal". However, there were almost insoluble conversion problems in the transition to peacetime production, the product range was too great and the mismanagement considerable. The number of employees declined steadily, and the company became one of the great economic scandals of the First Republic.
By the fall of 1938, the area belonged to the 10th District Favoriten. However, as was established during the "Third Reich" the Reich District of Greater Vienna, became the arsenal complex and the south-east of it lying areas in the wake of district boundary changes parts of the 3rd District.
During the Second World War, in the Arsenal tank repair workshops of the Waffen-SS were set up. In the last two years of the war several buildings were severely damaged by bombing. During the Battle of Vienna, in the days of 7 to 9 April 1945, was the arsenal, defended by the 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf", focus of the fighting, the Red Army before its victory facing heavy losses.
History since 1945
Ruins of the object 15 after the air raids 1944
Deposits at the Arsenal Street
After heavy bomb damages during the Second World War, the buildings of the Arsenal were largely restored to their original forms.
In the southern part and in the former courtyard of the arsenal several new buildings were added, among them 1959-1963 the decoration workshops of the Federal Theatre designed by the architects Erich Boltenstern and Robert Weinlich. From 1961 to 1963, the telecommunications central office was built by the architect Fritz Pfeffer. From 1973 to 1975 were built operation and office building of the Post and Telephone Head Office for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland (now Technology Centre Arsenal of Telekom Austria) with the 150-meter high radio tower in Vienna Arsenal according to the plans of architect Kurt Eckel. In the 1990s, a rehearsal stage of the Castle Theater (Burgtheater) was built according to plans by Gustav Peichl.
Also the Austrian Research and Testing Centre Arsenal, now Arsenal Research, which has made itself wordwide a celebrity by one of the largest air chambers (now moved to Floridsdorf - 21st District), was housed in the complex. A smaller part of the complex is still used by the Austrian army as a barracks. Furthermore, the Central Institute for Disinfection of the City of Vienna and the Central Chemical Laboratory of the Federal Monuments Office are housed in the arsenal. The Military History Museum uses multiple objects as depots.
In one part of the area residential buildings were erected. The Arsenal is forming an own, two census tracts encompassing census district, which according to the census in 2001 had 2.058 inhabitants.
End of 2003, the arsenal in connection with other properties of the Federal Property Society (BIG - Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft) was sold to a private investor group. Since early 2006, the lawyer of Baden (Lower Austria, not far away from Vienna) Rudolf Fries and industrialist Walter Scherb are majority owners of the 72,000 m2 historic site that they want to refurbish and according to possibility rent new. Fries also plans to enlarge the existing living space by more than a half (about 40,000 m2).
An architectural design competition, whose jury on 28 and 29 in June 2007 met, provided proposals amounting to substantial structural changes in the complex. Such designed competition winner Hohensinn a futuristic clouds clip modeled after El Lissitzky's cloud bracket, a multi-level horizontal structure on slender stilts over the old stock on the outskirts of the Swiss Garden. The realization of these plans is considered unlikely.
Some objects are since 2013 adapted for use by the Technical University of Vienna: Object 227, the so-called "Panzerhalle" will house laboratories of the Institute for Powertrains and Automotive Technology. In object 221, the "Siemens hall", laboratories of the Institute for Energy Technology and Thermodynamics as well as of the Institute for Manufacturing Technology and High Power Laser Technology are built. In object 214 is besides the Technical Testing and Research Institute (TVFA) also the second expansion stage of the "Vienna Scientific Cluster" housed, of a supercomputer, which was built jointly by the Vienna University of Technology, the University of Vienna and the University of Agricultural Sciences.
Accessibility
The arsenal was historically especially over the Landstraßer Gürtel developed. Today passes southeast in the immediate proximity the Südosttangente called motorway A23 with it connection Gürtel/Landstraßer Hauptstrasse. Southwest of the site runs the Eastern Railway, the new Vienna Central Station closes to the west of the arsenal. Two new bridges over the Eastern Railway, the Arsenal Stay Bridge and the Southern Railway bridge and an underpass as part of Ghegastraße and Alfred- Adler-Straße establish a connection to the on the other side of the railway facilities located Sonnwendviertel in the 10th District, which is being built on the former site of the freight train station Vienna South Station.
On the center side is between Arsenal and Landstraßer Gürtel the former Maria Josefa Park located, now known as Swiss Garden. Here stands at the Arsenal street the 21er Haus, a branch of the Austrian Gallery Belvedere, on the center-side edge of the Swiss Garden has the busy suburban main railway route the stop Vienna Quartier Belvedere, next to it the Wiener Linien D (tram) and 69A (bus) run.
"The purpose of the SAGE, Stewart’s included, was simple: They were the ultimate line of defense from a Soviet nuclear attack, a bulwark from an act of war that seemed inevitable in the 1950s. The SAGEs directed and organized the North American Aerospace Defense Command’s (NORAD) response to a potential Soviet air strike by coordinating data from numerous radar sites into a single, comprehensible image. Radar images picked up in New York, for example, could now be viewed by radar operators in California, in real-time via telephone lines. For a pre-connected world, this was astonishing.
The 18-inch, reinforced concrete walls of the SAGE safeguarded supercomputers and networking equipment —the vacuum-tube computer IBM AN/FSQ-7 to be exact— fantastically large computers whose circular, monochromatic display screens and endless corridors of equipment are etched in popular lore, played up in movies and old science fiction tales. Though the computing power of the IBM AN/FSQ-7 pales in comparison to a modern-day smartphone, the computers were—and remain—the largest ever built.
The interior of the building was almost as haunting as its menacing exterior. An article published on the Hudson Valley’s Times-Herald Record described the SAGE interior thusly: On a wall on the top floor — the war room — was an etched-glass map of the eastern U.S. showing potential Soviet bomber targets, and a board evidently meant to track the progress of the war to end all wars."
source: portfolio.panynj.gov/2015/11/03/stewart-international-air...
Newburgh, New York
www.investors.com/news/technology/semiconductor-stocks-br...
China Restrictions Kneecap U.S. Chipmakers
U.S. trade restrictions on selling advanced chip technology to China have shaken makers of semiconductors the world over. Now possible retaliation by the world's largest buyer of chips threatens to pull the rug out from under struggling semiconductor stocks, and ripple through the U.S. economy.
The new trade curbs announced last month likely will hinder China's efforts in artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles and other areas that need the latest computer chips. But China has many tools it could use to strike back at the U.S., from vetoing corporate mergers to withholding critical materials used in electronics. It could also simply take its chip business elsewhere in the longer term.
And China holds considerable market clout, as it consumes more than a third of the world's semiconductors.
China hasn't responded in kind to the latest U.S. trade restrictions — yet.
"There's been no response yet other than complaining," Robert Maire, president of consulting firm Semiconductor Advisors, told Investor's Business Daily. "But there are plenty of ways for them to respond."
Keeping China Two Generations Behind
The U.S. technology trade war with China began in mid-2019 when the U.S. Department of Commerce put Huawei on its entity list, barring trade with the Chinese telecom and computing firm. Since then, the U.S. government has gradually expanded its restrictions on technology trade with China.
President Joe Biden stepped up sanctions against China on Oct. 7 when he added more technology to the U.S. restricted trade list. The latest trade curbs cover advanced microprocessors and memory chips.
Companies now must secure export licenses from the U.S. Department of Commerce to sell chips and semiconductor manufacturing equipment in those areas. The restrictions also cover foreign companies that use U.S. software and technology in their products.
The intent of the export controls is to limit China's supercomputer and semiconductor manufacturing advancements. The U.S. is concerned that the technologies could enable China's military modernization and surveillance operations. It's also concerned about sales of advanced weapons to Russia.
The U.S. and Europe also worry about anticompetitive business practices by Chinese entities.
With its latest moves, the U.S. is returning to its historical strategy of keeping China two generations behind on semiconductor technology, Maire says.
Semiconductor Stocks Face Revenue Loss
U.S. semiconductor firms could lose 5% to 10% of their sales from the new China restrictions, BofA Securities analyst Vivek Arya said in a recent note to clients. Most vulnerable are makers of central processing units, graphics processing units, semiconductor equipment and electronic design automation software, Arya said.
These firms include central processing unit makers AMD (AMD) and Intel, graphics-chip maker Nvidia and chip-gear makers Applied Materials (AMAT), KLA (KLAC) and Lam Research (LRCX).
Also impacted are chip-design software firms Cadence Design Systems (CDNS) and Synopsys (SNPS).
Wall Street analysts say the impact on those semiconductor stocks appears manageable for now.
But the restrictions could have a significant impact on computer makers that sell servers and data center hardware in China, including China's own Lenovo.
China Could Halt Tech Mergers
One way China could retaliate is by not approving foreign mergers and acquisitions, analysts say. Multinational companies that meet a certain threshold for sales in China need approval for mergers from the Chinese government.
Case in point: On Nov. 1, chemical giant DuPont (DD) abandoned its $5.2 billion acquisition of Rogers (ROG), a U.S. electronic materials maker, after failing to get approval from Chinese regulators. DuPont blamed protracted delays in securing regulatory approval in China for its decision to scrap the deal, which was announced a year ago.
Wall Street analysts have speculated that other pending deals are threatened by the heightened tension between the U.S. and China. They include Intel's (INTC) $5.4 billion purchase of Tower Semiconductor (TSEM) and MaxLinear's (MXL) $3.8 billion acquisition of Silicon Motion (SIMO).
China also could put up a roadblock to Microsoft's (MSFT) $69 billion purchase of video game publisher Activision Blizzard (ATVI).
Another way China could respond to the U.S. trade curbs is by imposing tariffs on U.S. imports. It could also restrict exports of rare earth materials, battery components and pharmaceutical materials.
"One area where China has some unique monopolistic leverage over us is in rare earth elements and other materials that are used in electronics," Maire said. "They could respond by cutting us off or threatening to cut us off."
Analysts see a low likelihood of China invading Taiwan to gain its semiconductor leadership. China considers Taiwan a runaway province and does not recognize its independence.
China Might Give Cold Shoulder To U.S. Chipmakers
U.S. semiconductor trade restrictions will push Chinese companies to diversify away from U.S. suppliers. They might rely on "more dependable" suppliers in Japan, South Korea and Europe, Mizuho Securities analyst Vijay Rakesh said in a recent report. At the same time, China will continue to develop its own semiconductor industry to try to catch up, he said.
China also could move away from U.S. chipmakers in semiconductor segments not covered by the trade restrictions, Rakesh said.
For instance, in analog chips, China could shift business from U.S. firms like Texas Instruments (TXN) and Microchip Technology (MCHP) to Europe's Infineon and STMicroelectronics (STM) and Japan's Renesas, he said.
The same could happen for radio-frequency chips used in cellphones. That would hurt U.S. wireless-chip firms Qorvo (QRVO), Qualcomm (QCOM) and Skyworks Solutions (SWKS).
Redoubling China's Chip Efforts
Regardless of the trade restrictions, the Chinese government is likely to continue its massive funding campaign to expand its domestic semiconductor capabilities. As of now, the country remains at least five years behind industry leaders.
China is the largest buyer of semiconductors, consuming 35% of global semiconductors in 2021, but producing only 7% domestically. Last year, China imported about $150 billion worth of semiconductors. That's about 80% of its chip consumption, according to BofA Securities.
"China has limited options for retaliation and is likely to focus on boosting self-reliance," Barclays analysts said in a recent note to clients.
The latest trade bans include sub-18 nanometer DRAM memory chips and 16- and 14-nanometer node logic chips. Circuit widths on chips are measured in nanometers, which are one-billionth of a meter. The ban also covers Nand memory chips at 128 layers and above.
Also included are high-performance chips with data transfer rates of 600 gigabytes per second or more. Further, the trade restrictions cover chips with processing performance above 4,800 TOPS, or trillions of tera operations per second.
Nvidia (NVDA) has already started offering alternative graphics processors to China that meet the new export controls. Its new graphics processing unit, the A800, has a data transfer rate of 400 gigabytes per second. That's below the 600Gbs threshold set by the U.S. government.
Companies most impacted by the latest U.S. trade restrictions are Chinese firms. They include chip foundry SMIC and Nand memory chipmaker YMTC.
Semiconductor Stocks: Chip Cycle Entering Downtrend
Meanwhile, semiconductor stocks have been beaten down by a cyclical downturn in memory chips and PC processors. Downturns may lie ahead in other segments. Areas still showing strength are cloud computing data centers and automotive markets.
Through Nov. 21, the Philadelphia semiconductor index, known as the SOX, is down 32% in 2022. The SOX includes the 30 largest semiconductor stocks traded in the U.S. By comparison, the S&P 500 index is down 17% year to date.
The downswing in the chip sector comes after two years of heightened demand.
The pandemic spurred demand for personal computers, tablets and home entertainment gear amid the work-from-home, school-at-home and shelter-in-place trends. Add to that secular growth trends such as cloud computing, 5G wireless, advanced driver-assistance systems and electric vehicles. Increased demand caused supply shortages in some segments of the chip market.
U.S. Government Funding For Chip Manufacturers
To bolster U.S. supplies, the Biden administration has ramped up funding for domestic chip development and production.
With the passage of the 2022 CHIPS Act in August, the federal government is making its largest single investment in semiconductor R&D ever. The CHIPS Act is a $280 billion package that includes grants and tax credits over the next 10 years. It includes nearly $53 billion in subsidies for companies investing in semiconductor manufacturing and equipment in the U.S.
Even before the CHIPS Act, chipmakers planned to expand production in the United States. But the possibility of U.S. government funding and support has fueled more interest in new domestic plants.
Chipmakers GlobalFoundries (GFS), Intel, Micron (MU), Samsung, Texas Instruments and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM) have all announced plans to expand U.S. wafer and chip capacity. Taiwan Semi, or TSMC, is building a cutting-edge chip fab in Arizona to produce 5-nanometer and 3-nanometer semiconductors. Intel is building new plants in Arizona and Ohio.
The CHIPS Act aims to amplify the scope and impact of existing U.S. semiconductor research and development. It establishes two new entities, the National Semiconductor Technology Center and the National Advanced Packaging Manufacturing Program.
Semiconductor Stocks: An Industry Critical To U.S.
Governments in Europe, India, Japan and South Korea also are pursuing domestic semiconductor investment initiatives.
Global semiconductor sales chartThe U.S. and its allies are concerned about concentrating too much semiconductor business in Taiwan and China. They also seek to avoid the supply disruptions experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The U.S. doesn't want to see its semiconductor expertise usurped by China in the same way it lost the manufacturing base for solar panels, light-emitting diodes and other tech products, says Maire of Semiconductor Advisors.
"It's correct to take an aggressive stance here because semiconductors are highly important for defense and intelligence gathering but also general-purpose computers, servers, etc.," Maire said. "It's one thing to let the solar industry go to China, but losing the semiconductor industry would be devastating."
The U.S. share of global semiconductor production has dropped to 12% currently from 37% in 1990. Europe's share of chip production has fallen to 9% from 44% over the same time period.
Taiwan's TSMC Leads In Leading-Edge Chips
Asia currently accounts for 75% to 80% of global chip manufacturing. That's mainly in Taiwan, South Korea, mainland China and Japan.
But Taiwan dominates leading-edge chip production. It controls about 92% of global production for 10-nanometer and below nodes, all coming from TSMC. The other 8% comes from Samsung in South Korea, Goldman Sachs said in a recent report.
Most 5G smartphone application processors and computer central processing units and graphics processors are made with 10-nanometer and below technologies.
Next up could be U.S. restrictions on sales to China of quantum computing, high-end biotechnology and artificial intelligence software, Evercore ISI analyst C.J. Muse said in a recent note to clients.
"Additional controls are coming," Muse said. "We would expect the U.S. government to focus on areas such as quantum computing/AI software, biomanufacturing, and/or high-capacity batteries."
Follow Patrick Seitz on Twitter at @IBD_PSeitz for more stories on consumer technology, software and semiconductor stocks.
Anna Maria Bailey, LLNL high performance computing facility manager, with the Cab supercomputer that will be retrofitted with liquid cooling in January.
Read more: www.llnl.gov/news/state-grant-enables-energy-saving-retro...
Photo by Julie Russell/LLNL.
Argonne Director Peter Littlewood greets Congressman Bill Foster to the podium.
31102D, Aurora Press Conference with ANL, Intel, and Cray
Photographer: Mark Lopez
Learn about the power of today’s supercomputers and how they are used to solve many of the biggest scientific challenges facing researchers. Use your imagination as you enter the mirrored “infinity room” to answer the question, “What would you do if there were more of you?” Learn the basics of parallel computing by taking a virtual walk through Titan, the nation’s most powerful supercomputer. While inside Titan, you will see how parallel computing is like building a house—to get a job done efficiently, workers must carry out different tasks at the same time. Today’s supercomputers provide solutions to the world’s biggest challenges! Photo credit/Genevieve Martin/ORNL
PI: Thomas Jordan, Southern California Earthquake Center
The U.S. Geological Survey seismic hazard map shows the maximum level of shaking expected to occur once in about 500 years, with warmer red regions expected to experience the strongest shaking. SCEC'S earthquake system science research program uses high-performance computing to improve probabilistic seismic hazard maps like these.
Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Seismic Hazard Map (2008) showing Peak Ground Accelerations (PGA) with Probability of Exceedance of 2% in 50 years.
THREE VISUALIZATIONS OF NUCLEAR COMBUSTION IN A SUPERNOVA, DEVELOPED ON ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY'S IBM BLUE GENE/ P SUPERCOMPUTER, ALLOW US TO PEER INTO THE HEART OF EXPLODING STARS.
The leftmost frame depicts the frame surface itself, while the other frame represents the combustion's velocity and enstrophy, two fluid dynamics that dictate how the combustion flows through the entire system. Supernovae play a key note in our theories of expansion of their universe and the nature of dark energy.
For more information or additional images, please contact 202-586-5251.