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Participants began their workout with a cycle class with instructor Greg during the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Image from Global Bitcoin Summit, Beijing:
First introduction of the Caring Currency -
MEANINGFUL FUN & SOCIAL PROFIT
Caring Currency Project – a Fun and Exciting opportunity to be happier, make more friends find meaning in your life and build your reputation as being Part Of the Solution (POS) in business, society… JOIN US, and make China and the world a better place.
(How China Saved the World)
How? Help us create, develop and share the “Caring Currency” ecosystem – a much needed complimentary and alternative ecosystem to the high stress, high pressure, low satisfaction lifestyles we are living today. Become Part Of the Solution, create a Caring Currency used in a Lifestyle Of Health, Happiness And Sustainability (LOHHAS).
Ecosystem?
We live in ecosystems - Cultural, Financial and Environmental…they’re all related and interdependent. Actually, everything is dependent on our Environmental Ecosystem, because without food, water and air there is no human culture or opportunity to do business and support the human world we’ve created. Caring Currency will fill the gaps and connect the dots, making our lives meaningful.
The BLOCKCHAIN
The BLOCKCHAIN is the brilliant underlying technology of Bitcoin, creating a world-wide, peer-to-peer medium of exchange, accounting system with methods to store value. Build your reputation in a trustless system - no third party, but instead a face-to-face and peer-to-peer people-oriented platform. Caring Currency has priceless, special values - human values.
What about business? Show Me the Money...
Smart people realize that money is only money. You can’t eat or drink it. You can’t have a conversation with it, and as much as we need it and want it, it distorts our perspectives and controls our lives in many negative ways. The pursuit of money alone hurts us and the planet we depend on.
Caring Currency is a financial business on the BLOCKCHAIN – the home of the Republic Of Conscience.
Caring Currency is a New, Parallel World – in the Republic Of Conscience
Hard to define in old terms, nothing comparable to the Republic Of Conscience has existed until the connectivity of the internet and accounting of the BLOCKCHAIN made it possible… Old financial terms and structures that existed prior to the BLOCKCHAIN and Bitcoin – Money, Security, medium of exchange etc. will be naturally updated to freely serve people around the world in new ways.
Freedom..
Although we live different nations, with all their opportunities and restrictions, we can free ourselves from those burdens by changing our attitudes, outlook and decision-making criteria. Caring Currency expresses the Freedom of our individual State Of Mind in the Republic Of Conscience.
FUN…and Education
With a variety of fun coin names like KuaiLeBi (Happy Coin) and DUCKeCOIN, Caring Currency is (1.) first meant to bring light-hearted fun and smiles to people’s faces and make their lives and relationships happier, and (2.) secondly, exercise the practice of giving back to society, building generosity, social cohesion and harmony. (3.) Thirdly, give the masses practical, technical experience with virtualcurrency, wallets and transferring values through the BLOCKCHAIN.
INVESTMENT
What is most important to you? Money or Friends?
I have a question for you… can you buy friends?
Some people think they can, but the quality of those friendships are always very poor.
However, you can definitely “invest” in friendship by INVESTING IN YOURSELF. (To find more friends, you must invest in learning to BE a friend!)
HOW YOU CAN LEAD A HAPPIER, HEALTHIER, MORE MEANINGFUL LIFE
Take CARE of yourself,
Invest in yourself…
YOUR NETWORK - Join the leaders of the new world based on the BLOCKCHAIN...
YOUR EXPERTISE – the BLOCKCHAIN is less than 5 years old, you know more than most people!
YOUR SKILL SET – this is your opportunity to experiment, test and try new things!
YOUR RELATIONSHIPS – improve your relationships by improving yourself.
YOUR WEALTH – build a fortune to live a secure and meaningful future.
YOUR AMBITION – Helping others reach their positive goals, will provide the platform and resources for your ambitions.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
We are developing a new way to “buy friends” and gain respect – winning their hearts and minds through appreciation and “gifting” through the Caring Currency ecosystem.
Some people call it “Pay It Forward” but simply put, we’re developing a system of quantifying, distributing and recycling our goodwill. Join us and learn more.
What we need: Your skills, passion and commitment.
The benefit to you… Participating with passionate people, where you will find inspiration to create your own state of mind, money-making businesses and spinoffs.
What you need to do – no experience necessary!
Show your courage, commitment and support – Send us a 3 Finger Photo of yourself, and a brief explanation of your skills and how you want to use your skills to create a Caring Currency for a better world. Don’t forget to smile_\!/
Participants enjoy an intense arms/abs workout with instructor Holly at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery. It is the setting of a number of adventures in Arthurian legend, notably Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, and locals claim the tree in which the Lady of the Lake supposedly imprisoned Merlin can still be seen today. Other legendary places said to lie within the forest include the Val sans Retour, the tomb of Merlin, the Fountain of Youth, and Hotié de Vivianne (castle of the Lady of the Lake). The medieval chronicler Wace visited the forest but left disappointed:
"...I went there in search of marvels; I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."
For those living close to Paimpont, the Arthurian legend is very strong. Many names in the legend can be translated into Breton or French, for example the name Lancelot translates as "wanderer" or "vagabond" in Breton. There is also a strong influence from the Druids, and all around Brittany are standing stones or alignments, the most famous of which are nearby at Carnac; a group of the alignments at Kerlescan are nicknamed "the soldiers of Arthur."
Paimpont is a forest of broadleaf trees, oaks and beeches mainly, with areas of conifers either inside after clear-felling or on the periphery as transition with the moor, for example towards the west in the sector of Tréhorenteuc and the Val-sans-Retour (= Valley of no Return) which was devastated by several fires in particular in 1976, a year of great drought. It occupies mainly the territory of the commune of Paimpont, but extends to bordering communes, mainly Guer and Beignon in the south, Saint-Péran in the northeast, and Concoret in north. The forest of Paimpont is the largest remnant of an ancient forest occupying Argoat, the interior region of Brittany. It was more often called the forest of Brécélien, but its ancient character and other qualities underlined by many authors decided on its name of "forest of Brocéliande," tallying of the adventures of the legend of the Round Table. This flattering designation was reinforced by the birth of the Pays de Brocéliande at the end of the 20th century, an institution intended to facilitate the development of the communes of the west of the département.
The relative altitude of the forested massif contributes to give it a climate close to the oceanic climate of the coasts of Finistere. This mode, where west and south-west winds carry of clouds and regular rain supports the vegetation, dominates. The surplus of water feeds the many brooks occupying the bottoms of small valleys before flowing into the river Aff, then the Vilaine, to the area around Redon in the south of the department. The highest point is at 256 m in the western part called Haute forêt. Altitude decreases regularly while offering viewpoints towards the department of Morbihan; viewpoints which one finds the equivalents in the north on the commune of Mauron, port of the Côtes-d'Armor. It is not far from there that the Paimpont Biological Station of the University of Rennes 1, built in 1966 and 1967, dominates the lake of Chatenay. The varied forest and its surroundings constitute a framework favorable to many training courses in which the Rennes 1 biology students as well as foreign researchers take part. These buildings can accommodate approximately 70 people, and researchers work all the year on subjects generally very far away from the local biotope such as behavior of primates, represented by Cercopithecus, whose cries are familiar for the area but surprising to the walker little accustomed to this exotic fauna. The first researchers lengthily studied the ecology of the Armorican moors, the grounds, and the hydrology.
The forest belongs mainly to owners who maintain it and exploit it for timber and hunting; only in the north-eastern part, a small part (10%) is "domanial" and is managed by the National Forestry Commission. This situation prevents freedom of movement in the forest even with the access to the borough and its pond. The owners, however, signed a convention authorizing, from April 1 to the end of September, the use of some hiking trails in the forest. Among the responsibilities of the forest guards are watching for behaviors that threaten the forest, its flora, and its fauna. For example, behaviors that pose the risk of fire, and those that endanger the game, like dogs running loose. The gathering of mushrooms is not absolutely prohibited, but it is only tolerated near the approved trails. Because of its importance before the French Revolution, the forest was the responsibility of a royal jurisdiction called the National Forestry Commission, as the traditional jurisdictions of the seigneurs did not occupying itself with forest management. The wood was excessively exploited for the power supply of the charcoal blast furnaces for the nearby industry, at least in the 17th and 18th centuries; the assignment of the trees of first choice to the navy was a marginal role.
An extract of the files of the correctional court of Montfort:
"Having left the forging mills of Paimpont on Monday morning, he passed by the workshop of the carpenter who was far away from the forging mills but in the middle of the forest, he drank there with Julien Auffray his cousin and foreman of the carpenters." (Foreman of the carpenters and sawyers on contract to the naval yards elsewhere). Auffray interrogation, 1826.
The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of Great Britain, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The 12th century French poet Jean Bodel created the name in the following lines of his epic Chanson de Saisnes:
Ne sont que III matières à nul homme atandant,
De France et de Bretaigne, et de Rome la grant.
The name distinguishes and relates the Matter of Britain from the mythological themes taken from classical antiquity, the "matter of Rome", and the tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and their wars with the Moors and Saracens, which constituted the "matter of France". While Arthur is the chief subject of the Matter of Britain, other lesser-known legendary history of Great Britain, including the stories of Brutus of Britain, Old King Cole, King Lear, and Gogmagog, is also included in the Matter of Britain: see Legendary Kings of the Britons.
Legendary history of Britain
It could be said that the legendary history of Britain was created in part to form a body of patriotic myth for the island. Several agendas thus can be seen in this body of literature.
The Historia Britonum, the earliest known source of the story of Brutus of Britain, may have been devised to create a distinguished genealogy for a number of Welsh princes in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Nennius, its actual compiler is unknown; it exists in several recensions. This tale went on to achieve greater currency because its inventor linked Brutus to the diaspora of heroes that followed the Trojan War, and thus provided raw material which later mythographers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth, Michael Drayton, and John Milton could draw upon, linking the settlement of Britain to the heroic age of Greek literature, for their several and diverse literary purposes. As such, this material could be used for patriotic mythmaking just as Virgil linked the mythical founding of Rome to the Trojan War in The Æneid. Geoffrey of Monmouth also introduced the fanciful claim that the Trinovantes, reported by Tacitus as dwelling in the area of London, had a name he interpreted as Troi-novant, "New Troy".
More speculative claims link Celtic mythology with several of the rulers and incidents compiled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. It has been suggested, for instance, that Leir of Britain, who later became Shakespeare's King Lear, was originally the Welsh sea-god Llŷr (see also the Irish sea-god Lir). Various Celtic deities have been identified with characters from Arthurian literature as well: Morgan le Fay was often thought to have originally been the Welsh goddess Modron (cf. the Irish goddess Mórrígan). Many of these identifications come from the speculative comparative religion of the late 19th century, and have been questioned in more recent years.
William Shakespeare seems to have been deeply interested in the legendary history of Britain, and to have been familiar with some of its more obscure byways. Shakespeare's plays contain several tales relating to these legendary kings, such as King Lear and Cymbeline. It has been suggested that Shakespeare's Welsh schoolmaster Thomas Jenkins introduced him to this material, and perhaps directed him to read Geoffrey of Monmouth[citation needed]. These tales also figure in Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which also appears in Shakespeare's sources for Macbeth. A Welsh schoolmaster appears as the character Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Other early authors also drew from the early Arthurian and pseudo-historical sources of the Matter of Britain. The Scots, for instance, formulated a mythical history in the Picts and the Dál Riata royal lines. While they do eventually become factual lines, unlike those of Geoffrey, their origins are vague and often incorporate both aspects of mythical British history and mythical Irish history. The story of Gabhran especially incorporates elements of both those histories.
The Arthurian cycle
"Parsifal before the Castle of the Grail" - inspired by Richard Wagner's Opera Parsifal - painted in Weimar Germany 1928 by Hans Werner Schmidt (1859-1950)
The Arthurian literary cycle is the best known part of the Matter of Britain. It has succeeded largely because it tells two interlocking stories that have intrigued many later authors. One concerns Camelot, usually envisioned as a doomed utopia of chivalric virtue, undone by the fatal flaws of Arthur and Sir Lancelot. The other concerns the quests of the various knights to achieve the Holy Grail; some succeed (Galahad, Percival), and others fail (Lancelot).
The medieval tale of Arthur and his knights is full of Christian themes; those themes involve the destruction of human plans for virtue by the moral failures of their characters, and the quest for an important Christian relic. Finally, the relationships between the characters invited treatment in the tradition of courtly love, such as Lancelot and Guinevere, or Tristan and Iseult. In more recent years, the trend has been to attempt to link the tales of King Arthur and his knights with Celtic mythology, usually in highly romanticized, early twentieth century reconstructed versions.
Additionally, it is possible to read the Arthurian literature in general, and that concerned with the Grail tradition in particular, as an allegory of human development and spiritual growth (a theme explored by mythologist Joseph Campbell amongst others).
Sources wikipedia
dongraffautomotive.blogspot.com/
www.facebook.com/dongraffautomotive
Don Graff Automotive has some of the best automotive online reputation management specialists in the industry. Our specialists will train dealerships how to ask for reviews and use positive reviews to gain more digital traffic to the main dealership website. In addition, we also teach internet sales and business development departments how to use the online reputation management to sell the appointment.
Building a reputation strategy. Reviews sites are going social
Modera Giancarlo Carniani - Coordinatore BTO - Buy Tourism Online e Co-Founder BTO Educational
Si è parlato di Reputation e dintorni con un gruppo di personaggi che di questo argomento sono stati in grado di portare un vero contributo. Quindi, reputazione, che vuol dire non solo recensioni......
Bravi, non era facile.
Nel panel:
Michele Aggiato - ZOOVER
Giulia Eremita - TRIVAGO
Roberto Frua - TRIPADVISOR
RJ Friedlander - REVIEWPRO
Georg Ziegler - HOLIDAYCHECK
BTO - BUY TOURISM ONLINE 2010
III^ [ Scintillante ] Edizione
18-19 Novembre 2010
Stazione Leopolda – Firenze
Il programma scientifico della III^ Edizione di BTO - Buy Tourism Online è stato affidato alle amorevoli cure di BTO Educational
Tutto in SOLD OUT
2.911 i partecipanti, 44 relatori, 42 FREE Training Session con 2.810 partecipanti, 112 giornalisti accredidati, 60 tra Bloggers e Evangelists 2.0, 4 Televisioni impegnate durante l'evento, i media partners Wired.it e intoscana.it, grazie grazie a ObiettivoTre, al MarketPlace 38 Portali Online, al Club degli Espositori 39 aziende, l'hashtag più twittato in Italia il 18 e 19 Novembre #bto2010, la diretta più seguita al mondo Giovedì 18 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day ONE, la diretta più seguita al mondo il Venerdì 19 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day TWO, i minuti su Livestream.com visti dalla somma degli utenti durante il live streaming dell'evento 965.420, dibattiti, keynote e interviste registrate in Main Hall 17 ore.
A big big special thanks to Roberta Milano.
La più ammirata Monica Fabris, il più saggio Rodolfo Baggio, il miglior inglese parlato quello di Giulia Eremita, la più fastidiosa Costanza G., la più canticchiata Chaiyya Chaiyya Bollywood Joint, la più tedesca Renate Goergen, il più inglese Jerome Touze, il più americano Josiah Mackenzie, la più gradita sorpresa gli amici di Web [Travel] Marketing, quello con più tesi Gianluca Diegoli, il più gradito ritorno Patrick Landman, i più coraggiosi i 6 Speakers per un Giorno, il più diretto Claudio Velardi, i più "complicati" gli amici di Zoes.it, il più in tutto Max Ulivieri, il più e basta Marco Monty Montemagno, il più amato da tutti Paolo Iabichino aka IABicus, il più "cattivo" Roberto Frua - TripAdvisor, il più buono Max Ventimiglia, la più dolce Elena Tubaro, il più ermetico Roberto Brenner - Google, il rubino più prezioso [ per noi di BTO Educational ] Elena Grassi - Expedia, quello sempre con l'ipad Mirko Lalli, la Blogger sempre più "famosa" Nelli, il più straordinario Professor Dimitrios Buhails, il più fotografato Matteo Renzi, il più bravo tappabuchi Paolo Chiappini, i più social i Bloggers, chi c'è mancato di più il cartello We Love Internet, il più bevuto caffè quello della Casa del Moka, i più tecnici Expomeeting, i più pazienti e disponibili i ragazzi e le ragazze del Prof. Eliodoro, il più appetitoso Lo Scalco, i più straordinariamente professionali i Crews, le Training più affollate Augmendy, Zoover e Google Advanced......
Online reputation is considered the best tool for getting business towards high profits. For more help visit www.synqk.com/reputation-management/
Participants enjoy an intense arms/abs workout with instructor Holly at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
After service in a regiment of the British army with which the General was associated as an officer, Sir Trev adopts a similar spirit and values with traditions and an established reputation for its recognized development of successful leaders.
Sworn in as a Kingsman in 1987 upon professional selection from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1989, Biscope served as a regular commissioned officer in the Canadian Army for twenty-three years before his post as a Major General in May 2012.
Teamed with a crewman: Bronze & Silver 2nd & 3rd Military World Taekwon-Do Championships, Seoul, Korea ('87, '91).
In Her Majesty's courtesy conduct: "Sworn in as a Kingsman, December 1987, on foreign service in a garrison of a Scottish county regiment, today includes Cumbria, Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and the Isle of Man." -Cdr. Trevor D. Biscope CA Emerit IMO: Officers, NCO's & Men of the King's Own Calgary Regiment.
The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment uses the rank Kingsman (Kgn) instead of Private, a tradition inherited from the King's Regiment. Officially sanctioned 1951, was informally used more than 100 years.
A Kingsman, regardless of rank, demonstrates professional excellence and fighting spirit through courage, loyalty, initiative and resourcefulness.
In total, predecessor regiments have won 59 Victoria Crosses and 2 George Crosses. 13 of 303 battle honors are unique. Our immediate predecessor regiments were raised in the 1680s.
The only regiment of any army, at any time in history, to carry battle honors from every inhabited continent. In addition, the Regimental Colour also features a Dragon for the honor 'China'.
IMO: Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (AUPE) - 2013 Wildcat Strike. Calgary, Edmonton, Peace River, Medicine Hat, Lethbridge & Red Deer. (April 26 - May 1, 2013)
IMO: 2013 Alberta Floods. Bow, Elbow, Highwood, Red Deer, Sheep, Little Bow & South Saskatchewan. (June 19-July 12, 2013)
Larkin, Kate. "Canada Sees Shock Salmon Glut." Nature .com by Springer Nature. 3 September 2010.
IMO: Oka Crisis (Also known as, Kanesatake Resistance or Mohawk Resistance at Kanesatake), Oka, Quebec Jul 11, 1990 - Sep 26, 1990.
IMO: Guerra de las Malvinas, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands, 2 April – 14 June 1982.
IMO: The Dominican Civil War (Also known as, April Revolution). April 24 - Sept 3, 1965.
"The King's Own Calgary Regiment - This chapel was erected in memory of the Officers, NCO's and Men of the King's Own Calgary Regiment, The 50th Battn, C.E.F. and The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), who gave their lives for King and country." As Cited in, Regimental Memorial within St Stephen's Church, King's Own Calgary Regiment Chapel, Calgary, Canada. Accession Number: KO0788/109a and KO0788/109b and KO2490/655 kingsownmuseum.com/gallerykocalgaryregt.htm Web access July 20, 2022.
The Papers of General Sir Trevor BISCOPE comprising correspondence, manuscripts of books, lectures, photographs, slides and press cuttings relating to his entire army career and his work carried out. Chronicling the life of a man for whom danger is a way of life. He is often known by the initialism TDB.
REPRODUCTION DISCLAIMER: The official reproduction and presentation of this memorial, is simply a pragmatic recognition of the historic facts of military service. Unauthorized or unintended use of this memorial makes it invalid.
General Sir Trevor BISCOPE was profiled by the Financial Times Group (MiD 2022 NATO CA GB FR US) General Officer Commanding Joint Task Force, Latin America Caribbean.
Those with the facts, make the decisions.
For enquiries relating to polo playing engagements, please email:
player@polo.international
Welcome!
# # #
Tank and SAS Officer of the Minister of Defense, COMMANDER TREVOR DANIEL BISCOPE RCAC BATUS(RMAS) LdSH(RC) SOF NATO CA Emerit, is on an official mission.
ORDO ESSENDI, ITA VERO.
POLO™ is a trademark of Trevor Biscope. Complies with: NATO SoFA (2009) Art. V, QR's, DoD, DAOD 2008-6, 5002-10 3.4, 6001-1 and QR&O 19-36.
Participants enjoy some relaxing yoga with instructor Anna at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Civic Park, Newcastle
Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Newcastle’s reputation for commissioning bold public art was
formed in part by sculptures like the James Cook Memorial
Fountain, prominently located on the southern side of Civic Park. The City of Newcastle held a competition in 1961 to create an illuminated fountain for the park, with sculptor Margel Hinder’s winning design commemorating Captain James Cook’s discovery of the East Coast of Australia in 1770. Hinder aimed to develop a fountain in which the water and sculptural elements became one unit. The James Cook Memorial Fountain formed the basis for the City of Newcastle’s corporate logo, used for more than 25 years from 1993. It was replaced in 2019 with a stylised ‘N’ with a ripple effect that represents water.
French postcard by S.I.P., no. 193/11. Photo: Reutlinger, Paris.
Carolina Otéro (1868-1965), or La belle Otéro, was a Spanish actress, dancer and courtesan. She had a reputation for great beauty and was famous for her numerous lovers. In 1898, she became “the first star in the history of cinema”. Countless postcards with her circulated.
Carolina Otéro was born Agustina del Carmen Otéro Iglesias in 1868 into a poor family of modest social status in Valga, in the province of Pontevedra in Galicia. She moved with her family to Santiago de Compostela while still a child, where she began working as a maid. She suffered - as she later revealed - a rape at the age of 10 that made her sterile, and at the age of 14, she left home with her boyfriend and dance partner, Paco, to work as a singer and dancer in Lisbon. She made her debut in cabaret in 1888 in Barcelona, moving soon after to France, first to Marseille, and then to Paris. There she became a star of the Folies Bergère. Within a few years, she became one of the most famous women on the entire continent, the sought-after mistress of many powerful and prominent men of the time, such as Prince Albert I of Monaco, King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, the royals of Serbia and Spain, the Grand Dukes of Russia, Peter and Nicholas Nikolaevič, and the famous writer Gabriele D'Annunzio. In 1890, Otéro was the star of a triumphant tour of the United States, and by the time she returned to Paris two years later, she was the undisputed star of the French stage. She performed in sumptuous gowns and jewellery that enhanced her form to support her reputation as a provocative and fatal woman. One of her most famous stage costumes involved glueing precious gems onto her breasts, and it was also said that the domes of the Hotel Carlton in Cannes, built in 1912, were modelled on the shape of her breasts.
In August 1898, in St. Petersburg, the French cinematographer Félix Mesguich, who worked for the Lumière Brothers' company, filmed a one-minute clip showing a dance number by La belle Otéro to the tune of the 'Valse Brillante'. This made Caroline Otéro probably “the first star in the history of cinema”. An officer of the tsarist army also appeared in the film, and when it was shown at the Music Hall Aquarium, the scandal was such that Mesguich was expelled from Russia. She became close friends with the writer Colette and the famous Belle Époque dancer Liane de Pougy, with whom she developed a rivalry. In the 1900s countless postcards with her circulated. After the First World War ended, Otéro retired from the stage and bought a property with a sumptuous home for the equivalent of about $15 million. The actress had amassed a considerable fortune over the years, which amounted to around 25 million dollars, but she used it up over the years to support a sophisticated and expensive lifestyle. She died in extreme poverty, supported by a pension from Monaco's Société des Bains de Mer - in Nice, France, in 1965 at the age of 96. Caroline Otéro is depicted in the Monte Carlo Casino, in a painting in the White Room. In 1954, the Mexican actress María Félix played her in Richard Pottier's film La Belle Otero.
Sources: Wikipedia (English and Italian) and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
Building a reputation strategy. Reviews sites are going social
Modera Giancarlo Carniani - Coordinatore BTO - Buy Tourism Online e Co-Founder BTO Educational
Si è parlato di Reputation e dintorni con un gruppo di personaggi che di questo argomento sono stati in grado di portare un vero contributo. Quindi, reputazione, che vuol dire non solo recensioni......
Bravi, non era facile.
Nel panel:
Michele Aggiato - ZOOVER
Giulia Eremita - TRIVAGO
Roberto Frua - TRIPADVISOR
RJ Friedlander - REVIEWPRO
Georg Ziegler - HOLIDAYCHECK
BTO - BUY TOURISM ONLINE 2010
III^ [ Scintillante ] Edizione
18-19 Novembre 2010
Stazione Leopolda – Firenze
Il programma scientifico della III^ Edizione di BTO - Buy Tourism Online è stato affidato alle amorevoli cure di BTO Educational
Tutto in SOLD OUT
2.911 i partecipanti, 44 relatori, 42 FREE Training Session con 2.810 partecipanti, 112 giornalisti accredidati, 60 tra Bloggers e Evangelists 2.0, 4 Televisioni impegnate durante l'evento, i media partners Wired.it e intoscana.it, grazie grazie a ObiettivoTre, al MarketPlace 38 Portali Online, al Club degli Espositori 39 aziende, l'hashtag più twittato in Italia il 18 e 19 Novembre #bto2010, la diretta più seguita al mondo Giovedì 18 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day ONE, la diretta più seguita al mondo il Venerdì 19 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day TWO, i minuti su Livestream.com visti dalla somma degli utenti durante il live streaming dell'evento 965.420, dibattiti, keynote e interviste registrate in Main Hall 17 ore.
A big big special thanks to Roberta Milano.
La più ammirata Monica Fabris, il più saggio Rodolfo Baggio, il miglior inglese parlato quello di Giulia Eremita, la più fastidiosa Costanza G., la più canticchiata Chaiyya Chaiyya Bollywood Joint, la più tedesca Renate Goergen, il più inglese Jerome Touze, il più americano Josiah Mackenzie, la più gradita sorpresa gli amici di Web [Travel] Marketing, quello con più tesi Gianluca Diegoli, il più gradito ritorno Patrick Landman, i più coraggiosi i 6 Speakers per un Giorno, il più diretto Claudio Velardi, i più "complicati" gli amici di Zoes.it, il più in tutto Max Ulivieri, il più e basta Marco Monty Montemagno, il più amato da tutti Paolo Iabichino aka IABicus, il più "cattivo" Roberto Frua - TripAdvisor, il più buono Max Ventimiglia, la più dolce Elena Tubaro, il più ermetico Roberto Brenner - Google, il rubino più prezioso [ per noi di BTO Educational ] Elena Grassi - Expedia, quello sempre con l'ipad Mirko Lalli, la Blogger sempre più "famosa" Nelli, il più straordinario Professor Dimitrios Buhails, il più fotografato Matteo Renzi, il più bravo tappabuchi Paolo Chiappini, i più social i Bloggers, chi c'è mancato di più il cartello We Love Internet, il più bevuto caffè quello della Casa del Moka, i più tecnici Expomeeting, i più pazienti e disponibili i ragazzi e le ragazze del Prof. Eliodoro, il più appetitoso Lo Scalco, i più straordinariamente professionali i Crews, le Training più affollate Augmendy, Zoover e Google Advanced......
Participants began their workout with a cycle class with instructor Greg during the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
This concept inspisred the Giulietta Sprint success story in 1953 and 1954 was not the only thing bringing Bertone fame and fortune at that time. In the mid-fifties the reputation of the Turin bodywork builder owed much to the revolutionary B.A.T. 5 line, and following on from that the B.A.T. 7 and the B.A.T. 9. The Berlinetta Aerodinamica Tecnica 5, or B.A.T. 5 takes its general inspiration from the 1952 Abarth 1400 coupé, and its mechanics from the Alfa 1900 Sprint. The acronym was a great hit in the English-speaking world because the car was actually reminiscent of a bat, with its tail shape hinting at two tucked-in wings.The design of the model was based on a study of aerodynamics. The shape of the front in fact aims to eliminate the problem of airflow disruption at high speeds. The design also aims to do away with any extra resistance generated by the wheels turning, as well as achieving a structure which would create the fewest possible air vortexes. In practice these rigorous criteria would allow the car to reach 200 km/h with the 100 Hp engine mounted as standard. The design that Bertone came up with was for an extremely light car (1100 kg), the ultimate in streamlining, with side windows at a 45° angle respect to the body of the car and a large windscreen which blends in perfectly with the almost flat roof. The most surprising part of the car has to be the tail, with the length-ways rear windscreen divided by a slim pillar, and the two fins tapering upwards and slightly inwards, for a highly aesthetic finish. There was no shortage of positive feedback: the car was an immediate hit for its aerodynamics and noteworthy stability at high speeds. Bertone had solved the problem of aerodynamic stability, creating a car with an excellent index of penetration.http://lautomobileancienne.com/2014/07/
It is impossible to consider the Alfa Romeo Giulia (and Giulietta, whose appearance is the same) Sprint Speciale without mentioning Bertone’s BAT cars of the 1950s. Designed by Mr. Franco Scaglione as aerodynamic test vehicles, the Berlinetta Aerodinamica Technica 5, 7, and 9, were masterpieces of aerodynamic design—the BAT 7 somehow achieved a coefficient of drag of 0.19! But besides improving on the science of aerodynamics, the BAT cars also helped yield the Sprint Speciale.
The BATs were debuted every year from 1953 through ’55 at the Torino Auto Show to an amazed crowd. So it was fitting that the first prototype for the Sprint Speciale debuted there in 1957. While the production version took another two years it was clearly influenced by the more production-aimed BAT 9. And while the BAT series was fantastic, almost like fantasy-sketches in appearance, they were successful in one place where the Sprint Speciale failed. One of a few failures, in fact.
Proportionally, the Sprint Speciale has a traditional front-engine rear-wheel drive layout, as it should. Although, much like the Jaguar E-type it suffers a bit from very long overhangs (on the Jaguar they’re more successful however, as they’re rounded which gives them less visual mass). But the Alfa’s overhangs are squared off with a fairly blunt nose (much like Alfa’s earlier C52 ‘Disco Volante’) and Kamm-tail that helps to accentuate the overhangs, visually shrinking the car’s wheelbase.
Now, Scaglione’s BATs had fairly tight greenhouses in terms of tumble-home and height. But to say that they were tight would be a dramatic understatement. They more closely resemble modern cars in terms of the canopies’ packages than cars from the early 1950s. And while it might have been a bit claustrophobic, in appearance they were very successful. This is where the Sprint Speciale fails. Or succeeds depending on your perspective.
It has a light, tall, airy greenhouse that has great outward visibility. It also looks a bit tall and, coupled with the Alfa’s visually short wheelbase, a bit ungainly.
The stance is also a bit awkward because of those long overhangs combined with its skinny tires tucked into the body due to the body’s sectional curvature. The surfacing is obviously very organic and like most Italian cars of the era, masterful. But some of the surfaces at the rear are also a bit odd. If you consider it in profile, the Sprint Speciale suffers from a heavy-appearing rear. The first reason for this is that the bottom of the car, as you follow the line towards the back, accelerates up much more slowly than the top of the fender accelerates down giving the appearance of an Art Deco-era streamliner with a thoroughly modern front end. For a counterpoint consider the Jaguar XK-E once more. On the Jag, the bottom of the car rises to meet the shoulder at the back of the car rather than vice versa, lending it a fast, light feeling. Secondly, the center-line of the headlights is higher than the tail lights. It’s actually higher than any part of the back.
You can tell that Bertone tried to alleviate this by mounting the rear bumper in line with the scallop surrounding the front wheel-well and higher than the front bumper. Unfortunately, it doesn’t get the job done.
Regardless, the most impressive surfaces on the Sprint Speciale are the windshield and backlight. They’re so well integrated into the form of the roof and trunk (and almost the hood too) that it’s easy to understand how the car achieves such a low coefficient of drag (0.28). And styling aside, that is what this Alfa is all about.
Detailing is perfectly balanced, with badges breaking up the large front fenders along with the turn indicators. Accordingly, most brightwork is appropriately limited to the grille and tail. But the two most interesting details relate to the Sprint Speciale’s design brief. First, the clear, plastic wind deflector protruding from the back of the hood was necessary to channel air over the wipers (to keep them front lifting at higher speeds). And second is the door pull that was molded into the rear quarter panel to avoid adding an external pull (which would no doubt hurt the aerodynamics a bit and might increase weight).
There is no question that the Alfa Giulia Sprint Speciale is indeed special. It is indubitably an event wherever it goes. It has presence and looks like the flying saucer (Disco Volante) that may have inspired it. But it sacrificed too much for aerodynamics, namely its rear-end. I’d love to know how much raising the rear would have affected lift and drag.
www.petrolicious.com/driven-by-design-alfa-romeo-giulia-s...
Social Reputation Management Conference organized by www.bdionline.com (cc) Shashi Bellamkonda www.shashi.name Social Media Swami Network Solutions Please feel free
Image from Global Bitcoin Summit, Beijing:
First introduction of the Caring Currency -
MEANINGFUL FUN & SOCIAL PROFIT
Caring Currency Project – a Fun and Exciting opportunity to be happier, make more friends find meaning in your life and build your reputation as being Part Of the Solution (POS) in business, society… JOIN US, and make China and the world a better place.
(How China Saved the World)
How? Help us create, develop and share the “Caring Currency” ecosystem – a much needed complimentary and alternative ecosystem to the high stress, high pressure, low satisfaction lifestyles we are living today. Become Part Of the Solution, create a Caring Currency used in a Lifestyle Of Health, Happiness And Sustainability (LOHHAS).
Ecosystem?
We live in ecosystems - Cultural, Financial and Environmental…they’re all related and interdependent. Actually, everything is dependent on our Environmental Ecosystem, because without food, water and air there is no human culture or opportunity to do business and support the human world we’ve created. Caring Currency will fill the gaps and connect the dots, making our lives meaningful.
The BLOCKCHAIN
The BLOCKCHAIN is the brilliant underlying technology of Bitcoin, creating a world-wide, peer-to-peer medium of exchange, accounting system with methods to store value. Build your reputation in a trustless system - no third party, but instead a face-to-face and peer-to-peer people-oriented platform. Caring Currency has priceless, special values - human values.
What about business? Show Me the Money...
Smart people realize that money is only money. You can’t eat or drink it. You can’t have a conversation with it, and as much as we need it and want it, it distorts our perspectives and controls our lives in many negative ways. The pursuit of money alone hurts us and the planet we depend on.
Caring Currency is a financial business on the BLOCKCHAIN – the home of the Republic Of Conscience.
Caring Currency is a New, Parallel World – in the Republic Of Conscience
Hard to define in old terms, nothing comparable to the Republic Of Conscience has existed until the connectivity of the internet and accounting of the BLOCKCHAIN made it possible… Old financial terms and structures that existed prior to the BLOCKCHAIN and Bitcoin – Money, Security, medium of exchange etc. will be naturally updated to freely serve people around the world in new ways.
Freedom..
Although we live different nations, with all their opportunities and restrictions, we can free ourselves from those burdens by changing our attitudes, outlook and decision-making criteria. Caring Currency expresses the Freedom of our individual State Of Mind in the Republic Of Conscience.
FUN…and Education
With a variety of fun coin names like KuaiLeBi (Happy Coin) and DUCKeCOIN, Caring Currency is (1.) first meant to bring light-hearted fun and smiles to people’s faces and make their lives and relationships happier, and (2.) secondly, exercise the practice of giving back to society, building generosity, social cohesion and harmony. (3.) Thirdly, give the masses practical, technical experience with virtualcurrency, wallets and transferring values through the BLOCKCHAIN.
INVESTMENT
What is most important to you? Money or Friends?
I have a question for you… can you buy friends?
Some people think they can, but the quality of those friendships are always very poor.
However, you can definitely “invest” in friendship by INVESTING IN YOURSELF. (To find more friends, you must invest in learning to BE a friend!)
HOW YOU CAN LEAD A HAPPIER, HEALTHIER, MORE MEANINGFUL LIFE
Take CARE of yourself,
Invest in yourself…
YOUR NETWORK - Join the leaders of the new world based on the BLOCKCHAIN...
YOUR EXPERTISE – the BLOCKCHAIN is less than 5 years old, you know more than most people!
YOUR SKILL SET – this is your opportunity to experiment, test and try new things!
YOUR RELATIONSHIPS – improve your relationships by improving yourself.
YOUR WEALTH – build a fortune to live a secure and meaningful future.
YOUR AMBITION – Helping others reach their positive goals, will provide the platform and resources for your ambitions.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
We are developing a new way to “buy friends” and gain respect – winning their hearts and minds through appreciation and “gifting” through the Caring Currency ecosystem.
Some people call it “Pay It Forward” but simply put, we’re developing a system of quantifying, distributing and recycling our goodwill. Join us and learn more.
What we need: Your skills, passion and commitment.
The benefit to you… Participating with passionate people, where you will find inspiration to create your own state of mind, money-making businesses and spinoffs.
What you need to do – no experience necessary!
Show your courage, commitment and support – Send us a 3 Finger Photo of yourself, and a brief explanation of your skills and how you want to use your skills to create a Caring Currency for a better world. Don’t forget to smile_\!/
Image from Global Bitcoin Summit, Beijing:
First introduction of the Caring Currency -
MEANINGFUL FUN & SOCIAL PROFIT
Caring Currency Project – a Fun and Exciting opportunity to be happier, make more friends find meaning in your life and build your reputation as being Part Of the Solution (POS) in business, society… JOIN US, and make China and the world a better place.
(How China Saved the World)
How? Help us create, develop and share the “Caring Currency” ecosystem – a much needed complimentary and alternative ecosystem to the high stress, high pressure, low satisfaction lifestyles we are living today. Become Part Of the Solution, create a Caring Currency used in a Lifestyle Of Health, Happiness And Sustainability (LOHHAS).
Ecosystem?
We live in ecosystems - Cultural, Financial and Environmental…they’re all related and interdependent. Actually, everything is dependent on our Environmental Ecosystem, because without food, water and air there is no human culture or opportunity to do business and support the human world we’ve created. Caring Currency will fill the gaps and connect the dots, making our lives meaningful.
The BLOCKCHAIN
The BLOCKCHAIN is the brilliant underlying technology of Bitcoin, creating a world-wide, peer-to-peer medium of exchange, accounting system with methods to store value. Build your reputation in a trustless system - no third party, but instead a face-to-face and peer-to-peer people-oriented platform. Caring Currency has priceless, special values - human values.
What about business? Show Me the Money...
Smart people realize that money is only money. You can’t eat or drink it. You can’t have a conversation with it, and as much as we need it and want it, it distorts our perspectives and controls our lives in many negative ways. The pursuit of money alone hurts us and the planet we depend on.
Caring Currency is a financial business on the BLOCKCHAIN – the home of the Republic Of Conscience.
Caring Currency is a New, Parallel World – in the Republic Of Conscience
Hard to define in old terms, nothing comparable to the Republic Of Conscience has existed until the connectivity of the internet and accounting of the BLOCKCHAIN made it possible… Old financial terms and structures that existed prior to the BLOCKCHAIN and Bitcoin – Money, Security, medium of exchange etc. will be naturally updated to freely serve people around the world in new ways.
Freedom..
Although we live different nations, with all their opportunities and restrictions, we can free ourselves from those burdens by changing our attitudes, outlook and decision-making criteria. Caring Currency expresses the Freedom of our individual State Of Mind in the Republic Of Conscience.
FUN…and Education
With a variety of fun coin names like KuaiLeBi (Happy Coin) and DUCKeCOIN, Caring Currency is (1.) first meant to bring light-hearted fun and smiles to people’s faces and make their lives and relationships happier, and (2.) secondly, exercise the practice of giving back to society, building generosity, social cohesion and harmony. (3.) Thirdly, give the masses practical, technical experience with virtualcurrency, wallets and transferring values through the BLOCKCHAIN.
INVESTMENT
What is most important to you? Money or Friends?
I have a question for you… can you buy friends?
Some people think they can, but the quality of those friendships are always very poor.
However, you can definitely “invest” in friendship by INVESTING IN YOURSELF. (To find more friends, you must invest in learning to BE a friend!)
HOW YOU CAN LEAD A HAPPIER, HEALTHIER, MORE MEANINGFUL LIFE
Take CARE of yourself,
Invest in yourself…
YOUR NETWORK - Join the leaders of the new world based on the BLOCKCHAIN...
YOUR EXPERTISE – the BLOCKCHAIN is less than 5 years old, you know more than most people!
YOUR SKILL SET – this is your opportunity to experiment, test and try new things!
YOUR RELATIONSHIPS – improve your relationships by improving yourself.
YOUR WEALTH – build a fortune to live a secure and meaningful future.
YOUR AMBITION – Helping others reach their positive goals, will provide the platform and resources for your ambitions.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
We are developing a new way to “buy friends” and gain respect – winning their hearts and minds through appreciation and “gifting” through the Caring Currency ecosystem.
Some people call it “Pay It Forward” but simply put, we’re developing a system of quantifying, distributing and recycling our goodwill. Join us and learn more.
What we need: Your skills, passion and commitment.
The benefit to you… Participating with passionate people, where you will find inspiration to create your own state of mind, money-making businesses and spinoffs.
What you need to do – no experience necessary!
Show your courage, commitment and support – Send us a 3 Finger Photo of yourself, and a brief explanation of your skills and how you want to use your skills to create a Caring Currency for a better world. Don’t forget to smile_\!/
Participants began their workout with a cycle class with instructor Greg during the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Social Reputation Management Conference organized by www.bdionline.com (cc) Shashi Bellamkonda www.shashi.name Social Media Swami Network Solutions Please feel free
Participants began their workout with a cycle class with instructor Greg during the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery. It is the setting of a number of adventures in Arthurian legend, notably Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, and locals claim the tree in which the Lady of the Lake supposedly imprisoned Merlin can still be seen today. Other legendary places said to lie within the forest include the Val sans Retour, the tomb of Merlin, the Fountain of Youth, and Hotié de Vivianne (castle of the Lady of the Lake). The medieval chronicler Wace visited the forest but left disappointed:
"...I went there in search of marvels; I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."
For those living close to Paimpont, the Arthurian legend is very strong. Many names in the legend can be translated into Breton or French, for example the name Lancelot translates as "wanderer" or "vagabond" in Breton. There is also a strong influence from the Druids, and all around Brittany are standing stones or alignments, the most famous of which are nearby at Carnac; a group of the alignments at Kerlescan are nicknamed "the soldiers of Arthur."
Paimpont is a forest of broadleaf trees, oaks and beeches mainly, with areas of conifers either inside after clear-felling or on the periphery as transition with the moor, for example towards the west in the sector of Tréhorenteuc and the Val-sans-Retour (= Valley of no Return) which was devastated by several fires in particular in 1976, a year of great drought. It occupies mainly the territory of the commune of Paimpont, but extends to bordering communes, mainly Guer and Beignon in the south, Saint-Péran in the northeast, and Concoret in north. The forest of Paimpont is the largest remnant of an ancient forest occupying Argoat, the interior region of Brittany. It was more often called the forest of Brécélien, but its ancient character and other qualities underlined by many authors decided on its name of "forest of Brocéliande," tallying of the adventures of the legend of the Round Table. This flattering designation was reinforced by the birth of the Pays de Brocéliande at the end of the 20th century, an institution intended to facilitate the development of the communes of the west of the département.
The relative altitude of the forested massif contributes to give it a climate close to the oceanic climate of the coasts of Finistere. This mode, where west and south-west winds carry of clouds and regular rain supports the vegetation, dominates. The surplus of water feeds the many brooks occupying the bottoms of small valleys before flowing into the river Aff, then the Vilaine, to the area around Redon in the south of the department. The highest point is at 256 m in the western part called Haute forêt. Altitude decreases regularly while offering viewpoints towards the department of Morbihan; viewpoints which one finds the equivalents in the north on the commune of Mauron, port of the Côtes-d'Armor. It is not far from there that the Paimpont Biological Station of the University of Rennes 1, built in 1966 and 1967, dominates the lake of Chatenay. The varied forest and its surroundings constitute a framework favorable to many training courses in which the Rennes 1 biology students as well as foreign researchers take part. These buildings can accommodate approximately 70 people, and researchers work all the year on subjects generally very far away from the local biotope such as behavior of primates, represented by Cercopithecus, whose cries are familiar for the area but surprising to the walker little accustomed to this exotic fauna. The first researchers lengthily studied the ecology of the Armorican moors, the grounds, and the hydrology.
The forest belongs mainly to owners who maintain it and exploit it for timber and hunting; only in the north-eastern part, a small part (10%) is "domanial" and is managed by the National Forestry Commission. This situation prevents freedom of movement in the forest even with the access to the borough and its pond. The owners, however, signed a convention authorizing, from April 1 to the end of September, the use of some hiking trails in the forest. Among the responsibilities of the forest guards are watching for behaviors that threaten the forest, its flora, and its fauna. For example, behaviors that pose the risk of fire, and those that endanger the game, like dogs running loose. The gathering of mushrooms is not absolutely prohibited, but it is only tolerated near the approved trails. Because of its importance before the French Revolution, the forest was the responsibility of a royal jurisdiction called the National Forestry Commission, as the traditional jurisdictions of the seigneurs did not occupying itself with forest management. The wood was excessively exploited for the power supply of the charcoal blast furnaces for the nearby industry, at least in the 17th and 18th centuries; the assignment of the trees of first choice to the navy was a marginal role.
An extract of the files of the correctional court of Montfort:
"Having left the forging mills of Paimpont on Monday morning, he passed by the workshop of the carpenter who was far away from the forging mills but in the middle of the forest, he drank there with Julien Auffray his cousin and foreman of the carpenters." (Foreman of the carpenters and sawyers on contract to the naval yards elsewhere). Auffray interrogation, 1826.
The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of Great Britain, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The 12th century French poet Jean Bodel created the name in the following lines of his epic Chanson de Saisnes:
Ne sont que III matières à nul homme atandant,
De France et de Bretaigne, et de Rome la grant.
The name distinguishes and relates the Matter of Britain from the mythological themes taken from classical antiquity, the "matter of Rome", and the tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and their wars with the Moors and Saracens, which constituted the "matter of France". While Arthur is the chief subject of the Matter of Britain, other lesser-known legendary history of Great Britain, including the stories of Brutus of Britain, Old King Cole, King Lear, and Gogmagog, is also included in the Matter of Britain: see Legendary Kings of the Britons.
Legendary history of Britain
It could be said that the legendary history of Britain was created in part to form a body of patriotic myth for the island. Several agendas thus can be seen in this body of literature.
The Historia Britonum, the earliest known source of the story of Brutus of Britain, may have been devised to create a distinguished genealogy for a number of Welsh princes in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Nennius, its actual compiler is unknown; it exists in several recensions. This tale went on to achieve greater currency because its inventor linked Brutus to the diaspora of heroes that followed the Trojan War, and thus provided raw material which later mythographers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth, Michael Drayton, and John Milton could draw upon, linking the settlement of Britain to the heroic age of Greek literature, for their several and diverse literary purposes. As such, this material could be used for patriotic mythmaking just as Virgil linked the mythical founding of Rome to the Trojan War in The Æneid. Geoffrey of Monmouth also introduced the fanciful claim that the Trinovantes, reported by Tacitus as dwelling in the area of London, had a name he interpreted as Troi-novant, "New Troy".
More speculative claims link Celtic mythology with several of the rulers and incidents compiled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. It has been suggested, for instance, that Leir of Britain, who later became Shakespeare's King Lear, was originally the Welsh sea-god Llŷr (see also the Irish sea-god Lir). Various Celtic deities have been identified with characters from Arthurian literature as well: Morgan le Fay was often thought to have originally been the Welsh goddess Modron (cf. the Irish goddess Mórrígan). Many of these identifications come from the speculative comparative religion of the late 19th century, and have been questioned in more recent years.
William Shakespeare seems to have been deeply interested in the legendary history of Britain, and to have been familiar with some of its more obscure byways. Shakespeare's plays contain several tales relating to these legendary kings, such as King Lear and Cymbeline. It has been suggested that Shakespeare's Welsh schoolmaster Thomas Jenkins introduced him to this material, and perhaps directed him to read Geoffrey of Monmouth[citation needed]. These tales also figure in Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which also appears in Shakespeare's sources for Macbeth. A Welsh schoolmaster appears as the character Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Other early authors also drew from the early Arthurian and pseudo-historical sources of the Matter of Britain. The Scots, for instance, formulated a mythical history in the Picts and the Dál Riata royal lines. While they do eventually become factual lines, unlike those of Geoffrey, their origins are vague and often incorporate both aspects of mythical British history and mythical Irish history. The story of Gabhran especially incorporates elements of both those histories.
The Arthurian cycle
"Parsifal before the Castle of the Grail" - inspired by Richard Wagner's Opera Parsifal - painted in Weimar Germany 1928 by Hans Werner Schmidt (1859-1950)
The Arthurian literary cycle is the best known part of the Matter of Britain. It has succeeded largely because it tells two interlocking stories that have intrigued many later authors. One concerns Camelot, usually envisioned as a doomed utopia of chivalric virtue, undone by the fatal flaws of Arthur and Sir Lancelot. The other concerns the quests of the various knights to achieve the Holy Grail; some succeed (Galahad, Percival), and others fail (Lancelot).
The medieval tale of Arthur and his knights is full of Christian themes; those themes involve the destruction of human plans for virtue by the moral failures of their characters, and the quest for an important Christian relic. Finally, the relationships between the characters invited treatment in the tradition of courtly love, such as Lancelot and Guinevere, or Tristan and Iseult. In more recent years, the trend has been to attempt to link the tales of King Arthur and his knights with Celtic mythology, usually in highly romanticized, early twentieth century reconstructed versions.
Additionally, it is possible to read the Arthurian literature in general, and that concerned with the Grail tradition in particular, as an allegory of human development and spiritual growth (a theme explored by mythologist Joseph Campbell amongst others).
Sources wikipedia
Fleur de Paris, at 523 Royal Street, is a custom millinery and couture boutique with an international reputation. Joe Parrino, Sr. opened Fleur de Paris in 1980 to be a world-class boutique for special occasions, such as weddings, balls, luncheons, Kentucky Derby, Royal Ascot and the Academy Awards, focused on one-of-a-kind couture designs. Fleur de Paris may be the only designer that offers its couture customer the pattern to her original design, to ensure that it is never duplicated. The store also offers ready-to-wear clothes by designers from around the world.
Vieux Carré Historic District National Register #66000377 (1966)
Late turned the Austrian Academy of Sciences itself to its Nazi history: The Learned Society was more deeply involved than it seemed. More than half of its members were party members.
By Marianne Enigl and Christa Zöchling
At its inception in 1847, the Academy of Sciences should be a haven of free thought, research and publishing. The complete independence the imperial family had guaranteed. The Oriental Studies and the Natural Sciences soon acquired a reputation beyond the borders of the Habsburg empire. Here worldwide the first institute was established to study the radioactivity.
With the end of the monarchy became the illustrious circle, who had been appointed by the Emperor, the Republic of Scholars, which chose its members.
All this abandoned the professors in 1938. On 18 March they sent Hitler a telegram of submissivity. As the scholars the "leader" five days after the German invasion insured their loyalty in the noble halls of their Vienna's city palace, SA, SS and Gestapo had already begun mass arrests.
For the 75th Anniversary of the so-called "Anschluss" is the Austrian Academy of Sciences for the first time based keeping track its history in the National Socialism. profile there has present the as yet unpublished study, which will be presented on 11th March 2013. ("The Academy of Sciences in Vienna from 1938 to 1945," edited by Feichtinger/ Matis/ Sienell/ Uhl, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2013, the exhibition catalog)
Many Academy members had for years offered their servises as illegal Nazis the new rulers. The highest administrative staff of the Academy, in which all the threads of the learned society came together, had been as "Old Fighter" since 1933 in the NSDAP.
Their high level of education put the men assiduously in the service of Nazi policies. Just a year before, in 1937, they had discussed in a joint meeting with the German Academies on the exclusion of Jewish colleagues.
Under its new president, the historian and admirer of Adolf Hitler Heinrich Srbik, in 1939 they were "free of Jews", as noted in a log. The Vienna Academy had 21 of their most respected members excluded. Among them three Nobel Prize winners.
Absolutely thrilled, anthropologists, historians, geographers, biologists, medical physicists put themselves into the service of the Nazis, wanted the racial fanatism, the conquests, the enslavement of the "Easterners" "scientifically substantiate". For the "racial science" and measurement of prisoners of war, the scientists had even actively applied.
Only the mounting of a Hitler Bust, the Academy offered, she refused. For cost reasons.
When the war ended in 1945, more than half of the members of the Academy of Sciences were National Socialist Party members . A denazification was practically non-existent. Even an SS-Sturmbannführer was recorded "resting" after a few years of membership.
What the German historian Hans-Ulrich Wehler noted for society as a whole, was especially valid for the circle of top scholars: "Not Hitler's individual psychopathology is the real problem but the condition of a society that had him ascended and ruled till April 1945".
Who moved with the time
Henry Knight of Srbik: (1878-1951), whose ancestors had been poor Czech peasants in spite of his proud name, which throughout his life he tried to hide, was up in the sixties considered as one of the most important Austrian historians. The passage of time can be seen in his attitude. The imperial period, he conducted research - towards the Habsburgs friendly disposed - ober the dominions, after the collapse of the monarchy, he published essays, which suggested a closeness to social democracy. In time for the seizure of power by the National Socialists in Germany, he published his major work "The German unity", a witness of German megalomania an a plea for German living space. The time of Nazi rule were Srbiks best years. In May 1938 his application for membership to the Nazi Party, in which he had introduced himself as "the founder of the all-German conception of history", was approved. Srbiks anti-Semitism was based on the belief in the superiority of the German "race". He got honorary a low member number of the NSDAP to which otherwise only illegal members had been entitled. For president of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna him the Nazi rulers suggested. Adolf Hitler personally sent him to the German Reichstag.
In his inaugural speech as the new president of the Academy in 1938 Srbik thanked "the genius of our leader", and urged the "communion of the blood the earth, the spirit and the heart and the epochal changes of the body of the Reich and the German people". Science should not be in "complete objectivity lose", it had to put itself in the "service of the German people". The Nazi bombast ran through each of his appearances. In the academy, he performed the exclusion of all Jewish scientists and the occupation of their positions with meritorious Nazi party supporters. In one case, his employment for a candidate has been documented who "was recommended by the Party as an illegal".
From 1943, when the German Wehrmacht in Russia was on the decline and Stalingrad had been lost, there were exhortations to hold out. Srbik praised the "sacrifice of his own life for the mission of the nation". It must "burn pure life so that it illuminates the world as a flame of sacrifice".
In March 1945, the President of the Academy went off and away to the Tyrolean Ehrwald. Srbik owned a second home there. Vienna, he should never enter again. Now in his numerous publications, he represented a cultural Austria-German patriotism. As a sign of detachment from the Nazi regime, he led the denazification process, he had the Nazi Party candidate and poet Max Mell awarded the Grillparzer Prize, although propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels did not fully appreciate this. And he had insisted on the term "archives for the Austrian history". Srbiks Friends brought after the war in his favor, he had allowed to quote "non-Aryan" scientists.
Srbik was then already 70 years old. Over the intervention of the Social Democratic Interior Minister Oskar Helmer him was undiminished awarded his pension. Some of his students made great careers in the Second Republic: in his lectures the openly anti-Semitic World Trade Professor Taras Borodajkewycz however triggered the largest post-war protests and was forced to retire in 1966. Christian Broda, who had doctoral work at Srbik 1940 "People and Leadership" was SPÖ Minister of Justice. Srbiks former student was ÖVP Chancellor Josef Klaus.
Srbiks Nazi past had been concealed or glossed over in the postwar period Legends arose. He is said to have as president of the Academy rescued Dutch cultural historian Johan Huizinga, who had been transferred to a concentration camp as a hostage. In fact, he had written a letter, but his request was denied. Huizinga was released for health reasons at the end. The historian and Srbik-expert Martina Pesditschek considers it "unlikely" that Srbiks intervention was decisive.
When Henry Srbik died in 1951, his three honorific obituaries were written in the context of the academy. The uncritical praise lasted until the late seventies. In Ehrwald today is even a street named after him.
Expelled and persecuted
Karl Bühler: (1879-1963), psychologist and philosopher, teacher of Karl Popper, was appointed in the twenties from Dresden to Vienna University, where he with his wife Charlotte, inter alia, set important stimuli in the Gestalt and child psychology. From 1934 he was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. 1938 Buhler lost on "racial" grounds his professorship, was imprisoned, escaped with his wife in the United States. In October 1940, he was expelled from the Academy of Sciences.
Victor Franz Hess (1883-1964), born in Styria, working as a physicist at the famous Institute for Radium Research of the Academy - the first to explore the radioactivity worldwide. Hess was awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics for the of him in 1912 in Vienna discovered cosmic radiation. Professorships at several universities in Austria (he initiated the station Hafelekar, Innsbruck), cooperation in the construction of the Radium Corporation in the United States, 1938 loss of professor in Graz, imprisonment and exile with his Jewish wife to the USA. Corresponding member of the Academy since 1933, exclusion from the Academy in 1940.
Stefan Meyer (1872-1949), born in Vienna, Ludwig Boltzmann's assistant at the Physics Institute of the University of Vienna and later professor here, directed the Academy-Institute for Radium Research. After the "Anschluss" of "racial" reasons persecuted, survived retreated in Bad Ischl. Member of the Academy since 1921, declared himself his resignation in late 1938, and so he forestalled his exclusion.
Erwin Schrödinger: (1887-1961), Vienna, taught theoretical physics at Jena, Zurich, Berlin, 1933 Nobel Laureate in Physics. In the same year emigrated to England. From 1936 professor in Graz, in 1938 flight to Ireland. Member of the Academy of Sciences in 1928, 1940 excluded. He was taken in 1945 again .
Nazi careers
Victor Christian: (1885-1963), member of the NSDAP and SS -Hauptsturmführer. The Viennese philologist in 1938 was dean at the University of Vienna and head of the SS Research Centre "Ancestral Heritage" in 1939, the Academy elected him as a full member. In 1945 he was one of four with Nazi heavily burdened whose membership was declared "extinct" than five years later resumption.
Fritz Knoll: (1883-1981), the Styrian-born was a botanist, a German National, emerged as "Illegal" desolate agitating at the University of Vienna in leather boots and black riding pants on, the secret police recorded 1937 in Knolls Institute reign a "provocative Nazi majority". After the "Anschluss" of Austria in March 1938, he was Acting Rector of the University and immediately launched the "wild expulsions" (historian Gerhard Botz) until the end of April 1938 250 teachers were removed of "racial" or political reasons. At the same time, "Your Magnificence" Knoll end of March was politely asked by the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences", ... to take over the interests of the Nazi Party" in the academy. The following year, Academy President Srbik declared himself Nazi officer, Knoll received the honor of full membership. 1945, this was listed as "extinct". Three years later, Knoll was resumed, the Academy president wrote to him". It will be my pleasure to welcome you at the next meeting again". At the University the ex-rector further had ban on entering the house, at the Academy of Sciences, should he ascend the late fifties to the Secretary General. The Republic honored Knoll, who had once proudly proclaimed", the Jew is gone from our science and indeed for all times", with the Cross of Honor for Science and Art, First Class, the academy thanked itself with the medal "Bene Merito".
Oswald Menghin: (1888-1973) was born in Merano, prehistory at the University of Vienna, mid thirties Rector and active in the integration of "Illegal" in the corporate state. Member of the NSDAP in 1938 as minister of education responsible for political and "racial" cleansing of the universities. 1945, the "first List of war criminals", U.S. internment, then escape to Argentina. Membership in the Academy were suspended in 1945, resumed in 1959.
Josef Nadler: (1884-1963), German scholar from Bohemia, appointed with his literary history of the German estates to professor, since 1934 regular Academy member. NSDAP-party member; in National Socialism director of Germanic Languages at the University of Vienna. 1945 was banned from teaching at the University of Vienna, his academy membership were suspended, reactivated from 1948.
Gustav Ortner: (1900-1984), physicist, born in Styria, "Illegal", took over in 1938 the famous Institute for Radium Research of the Academy. Ortner 1945 was seized by the University of Vienna with teaching ban, put his academy affiliation dormant and reactivated in 1948. Ortner 1960 was a professor at the Vienna University of Technology, 1961, he was Head of the Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities.
www.profil.at/articles/1306/560/352237/die-ns-geschichte-...
Presentato il teaching case «Value and values»: purpose, reputation e scelte di brand nella fusione WINDTRE, realizzato in collaborazione con Luiss Business School
Presentato il teaching case «Value and values»: purpose, reputation e scelte di brand nella fusione WINDTRE, realizzato in collaborazione con Luiss Business School
Image from Global Bitcoin Summit, Beijing:
First introduction of the Caring Currency -
MEANINGFUL FUN & SOCIAL PROFIT
Caring Currency Project – a Fun and Exciting opportunity to be happier, make more friends find meaning in your life and build your reputation as being Part Of the Solution (POS) in business, society… JOIN US, and make China and the world a better place.
(How China Saved the World)
How? Help us create, develop and share the “Caring Currency” ecosystem – a much needed complimentary and alternative ecosystem to the high stress, high pressure, low satisfaction lifestyles we are living today. Become Part Of the Solution, create a Caring Currency used in a Lifestyle Of Health, Happiness And Sustainability (LOHHAS).
Ecosystem?
We live in ecosystems - Cultural, Financial and Environmental…they’re all related and interdependent. Actually, everything is dependent on our Environmental Ecosystem, because without food, water and air there is no human culture or opportunity to do business and support the human world we’ve created. Caring Currency will fill the gaps and connect the dots, making our lives meaningful.
The BLOCKCHAIN
The BLOCKCHAIN is the brilliant underlying technology of Bitcoin, creating a world-wide, peer-to-peer medium of exchange, accounting system with methods to store value. Build your reputation in a trustless system - no third party, but instead a face-to-face and peer-to-peer people-oriented platform. Caring Currency has priceless, special values - human values.
What about business? Show Me the Money...
Smart people realize that money is only money. You can’t eat or drink it. You can’t have a conversation with it, and as much as we need it and want it, it distorts our perspectives and controls our lives in many negative ways. The pursuit of money alone hurts us and the planet we depend on.
Caring Currency is a financial business on the BLOCKCHAIN – the home of the Republic Of Conscience.
Caring Currency is a New, Parallel World – in the Republic Of Conscience
Hard to define in old terms, nothing comparable to the Republic Of Conscience has existed until the connectivity of the internet and accounting of the BLOCKCHAIN made it possible… Old financial terms and structures that existed prior to the BLOCKCHAIN and Bitcoin – Money, Security, medium of exchange etc. will be naturally updated to freely serve people around the world in new ways.
Freedom..
Although we live different nations, with all their opportunities and restrictions, we can free ourselves from those burdens by changing our attitudes, outlook and decision-making criteria. Caring Currency expresses the Freedom of our individual State Of Mind in the Republic Of Conscience.
FUN…and Education
With a variety of fun coin names like KuaiLeBi (Happy Coin) and DUCKeCOIN, Caring Currency is (1.) first meant to bring light-hearted fun and smiles to people’s faces and make their lives and relationships happier, and (2.) secondly, exercise the practice of giving back to society, building generosity, social cohesion and harmony. (3.) Thirdly, give the masses practical, technical experience with virtualcurrency, wallets and transferring values through the BLOCKCHAIN.
INVESTMENT
What is most important to you? Money or Friends?
I have a question for you… can you buy friends?
Some people think they can, but the quality of those friendships are always very poor.
However, you can definitely “invest” in friendship by INVESTING IN YOURSELF. (To find more friends, you must invest in learning to BE a friend!)
HOW YOU CAN LEAD A HAPPIER, HEALTHIER, MORE MEANINGFUL LIFE
Take CARE of yourself,
Invest in yourself…
YOUR NETWORK - Join the leaders of the new world based on the BLOCKCHAIN...
YOUR EXPERTISE – the BLOCKCHAIN is less than 5 years old, you know more than most people!
YOUR SKILL SET – this is your opportunity to experiment, test and try new things!
YOUR RELATIONSHIPS – improve your relationships by improving yourself.
YOUR WEALTH – build a fortune to live a secure and meaningful future.
YOUR AMBITION – Helping others reach their positive goals, will provide the platform and resources for your ambitions.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
We are developing a new way to “buy friends” and gain respect – winning their hearts and minds through appreciation and “gifting” through the Caring Currency ecosystem.
Some people call it “Pay It Forward” but simply put, we’re developing a system of quantifying, distributing and recycling our goodwill. Join us and learn more.
What we need: Your skills, passion and commitment.
The benefit to you… Participating with passionate people, where you will find inspiration to create your own state of mind, money-making businesses and spinoffs.
What you need to do – no experience necessary!
Show your courage, commitment and support – Send us a 3 Finger Photo of yourself, and a brief explanation of your skills and how you want to use your skills to create a Caring Currency for a better world. Don’t forget to smile_\!/
Online persona for krossbow created with Personas personas.media.mit.edu/personasWeb.html
Of note: I know of an online gamer and band that also use krossbow so this is a mixed result.
Participants enjoy an intense arms/abs workout with instructor Holly at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Participants enjoy an intense arms/abs workout with instructor Holly at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Participants began their workout with a cycle class with instructor Greg during the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Participants enjoy some relaxing yoga with instructor Anna at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Reputation as Public Policy for Internet Security @ TPRC 2012
Pictures by John S. Quarterman for Spam ranked as a sneeze for infosec disease (SpamRankings.net), , 22 September 2012.
riskman.typepad.com/perilocity/2012/09/reputation-as-publ...
Participants enjoy some relaxing yoga with instructor Anna at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Participants enjoy an intense arms/abs workout with instructor Holly at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Participants enjoy some relaxing yoga with instructor Anna at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Further enhancing the Cadillac Motor Car Company's reputation for engineering leadership, the introduction of the innovative new eight-cylinder Model 51 marked Cadillac's first application of the V8 in standard production, mass-produced vehicle. Since that debut, the V8 engine has continued to remain as Cadillac's standard powerplant since, for an ‘unbroken span of more than 65 years'.
Cadillac chose to replace its outdated four-cylinder Model 30 with the 1915 V-8 Type 51. The model 30 had been running for four years and it was considered by some to be outdated, though it had an outstanding reputation for both durability and reliability. In 1914 sales for Cadillac plummeted, possibly due to other luxury makers were running with sixes. The Model 51 V8 was introduced by Cadillac founder Henry M. Leyland and featured an amazing 70 hp and a water-cooled V8 engine.
As the Edwardian Era was coming to a close, the elegance and innocence of that time was manufactured into the 'Landaulette' model. The stylish transformable coupe made the Model 51 a legend as it featured sophistication and style. Cadillac advertised the Model 51 as 'The Penalty of Leadership' in an ad campaign that wowed consumers. The Model 51 was produced in significant numbers and became a Cadillac trademark for decades.
For years Leyland had been experimenting with a variety of engine types, and as a result of all of his hard research, he came to the conclusion that V8 would be much more popular than a six. The compact nature of the v-type design also appealed to Leyland and in some instance the long crankshaft that characterized the inline sixes had a tendency to ‘whip at high rpm'. At the time, most luxury models had moved on to much more powerful six-cylinder engines, but Cadillac continued to sport its mundane four cylinder engine. The Model 51 was then debuted by the luxury department, powered by eight cylinders that wowed the public.
The V8 was a strange and unique design for those days, and many people hadn't even seen such an engine. Two French manufacturers had developed V8's more than a decade previously and had utilized them to power racing machines. In America, as early as 1906 Howard Marmon had demonstrated an air-cooled V8. In 1910 the French firm of DeDion had marketed a production V8. The Cadillac Model 51 offered the first commercially available V8 engine in 1914.
The Model 30 was the original vehicle that included an all-new Delco system and an electric start. No more were drivers concerned with jamming a thumb or breaking a limb when cranking their cars. Unfortunately, though the Model 51 was impressive, but it paled deeply when placed alongside the 1912 Cadillac Model 30. This top-of-the-line Cadillac was the most expensive vehicle that GM produced, and at 1921, the Model 51 was priced at $5,190.
During the 1915 model year alone, Cadillac produced more than 13,000 units of the Model 51, which was a very impressive number for the first year on the market. The Cadillac Roadster, the four-passenger Cadillac Salon, the five-passenger touring car, and the Cadillac Seven-Passenger vehicle were all priced at $1,975, while the Cadillac Coupe was priced at $2,500, the Sedan for five-passengers at $2,800, the standard Cadillac Limousine was priced at $3,450 and the top-line vehicle, the formal 'Berlin Limousine' was sold at $3,600.
[Text taken from Conceptcarz.com]
www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z16349/Cadillac-Model-51.aspx
This Lego miniland-scale 1915 Cadillac Type 51 Tourer has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 88th Build Challenge, - "Let's go Break Some records", - for vehicles that set the bar (high or low) for any number of vehicles statistics or records. Or for a vehicle which achieves a notable first. In the case of the Cadillac Type 51 - this model was the first production car V8 engine.
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard published by the Bodleian Library and printed at the Oxford University Press.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley, who was born on the 4th. August 1792, was one of the major English Romantic poets.
A radical in his poetry as well as in his political and social views, Shelley did not achieve fame during his lifetime, but recognition of his achievements in poetry grew steadily following his death, and he became an important influence on subsequent generations of poets, including Robert Browning, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Thomas Hardy, and W. B. Yeats.
American literary critic Harold Bloom describes Shelley as:
"A superb craftsman, a lyric poet without
rival, and surely one of the most advanced
sceptical intellects ever to write a poem."
Shelly's reputation fluctuated during the 20th. century, but in recent decades he has achieved increasing critical acclaim for the sweeping momentum of his poetic imagery, his mastery of genres and verse forms, and the complex interplay of sceptical, idealist, and materialist ideas in his work.
Among his best-known works are "Ozymandias" (1818), "Ode to the West Wind" (1819), "To a Skylark" (1820), the philosophical essay "The Necessity of Atheism" written alongside his friend T. J. Hogg (1811), and the political ballad "The Mask of Anarchy" (1819).
Shelley's other major works include the verse drama The Cenci (1819) and long poems such as Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude (1815), Julian and Maddalo (1819), Adonais (1821), Prometheus Unbound (1820) - widely considered his masterpiece - Hellas (1822), and his final, unfinished work, The Triumph of Life (1822).
Shelley also wrote prose fiction and a quantity of essays on political, social, and philosophical issues.
Much of his poetry and prose was not published in his lifetime, or only published in expurgated form, due to the risk of prosecution for political and religious libel.
From the 1820's, his poems and political and ethical writings became popular in Owenist, Chartist, and radical political circles, and later drew admirers as diverse as Karl Marx, Mahatma Gandhi, and George Bernard Shaw.
Shelley's life was marked by family crises, ill health, and a backlash against his atheism, political views and defiance of social conventions. He went into permanent self-exile in Italy in 1818, and over the next four years produced what Leader and O'Neill call:
"Some of the finest poetry
of the Romantic period".
His second wife, Mary Shelley, was the author of Frankenstein.
Shelley died in a boating accident in 1822 at the age of 29.
Percy Bysshe Shelley - The Early Years
Shelley was born at Field Place, Warnham, West Sussex. He was the eldest son of Sir Timothy Shelley (1753–1844), a Whig Member of Parliament for Horsham from 1790 to 1792 and for Shoreham between 1806 and 1812, and his wife, Elizabeth Pilfold (1763–1846), the daughter of a successful butcher.
Percy had four younger sisters and one much younger brother. Shelley's early childhood was sheltered and mostly happy. He was particularly close to his sisters and his mother, who encouraged him to hunt, fish and ride.
At the age of six, he was sent to a day school run by the vicar of Warnham church, where he displayed an impressive memory and gift for languages.
In 1802 he entered the Syon House Academy in Brentford. Shelley was bullied and unhappy at the school, and sometimes responded with violent rage. He also began suffering from the nightmares, hallucinations and sleep walking that were periodically to afflict him throughout his life.
Shelley developed an interest in science which supplemented his voracious reading of tales of mystery, romance and the supernatural. During his holidays at Field Place, his sisters were often terrified by being subjected to his experiments with gunpowder, acids and electricity. Back at school he blew up a fence with gunpowder.
In 1804, Shelley entered Eton College, a period which he later recalled with loathing. He was subjected to particularly severe mob bullying which the perpetrators called "Shelley-baits".
A number of biographers and contemporaries have attributed the bullying to Shelley's aloofness, nonconformity and refusal to take part in fagging. His peculiarities and violent rages earned him the nickname "Mad Shelley".
His interest in the occult and science continued, and contemporaries describe him giving an electric shock to a master, blowing up a tree stump with gunpowder and attempting to raise spirits with occult rituals.
In his senior years, Shelley came under the influence of a part-time teacher, Dr James Lind, who encouraged his interest in the occult, and introduced him to liberal and radical authors.
Shelley also developed an interest in Plato and idealist philosophy which he pursued in later years through self-study. According to Richard Holmes, Shelley, by his leaving year, had gained a reputation as a classical scholar and a tolerated eccentric.
In his last term at Eton, his first novel Zastrozzi appeared and he had established a following among his fellow students. Prior to enrolling at University College, Oxford in October 1810, Shelley completed Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire (written with his sister Elizabeth), the verse melodrama The Wandering Jew and the Gothic novel St. Irvine; or, The Rosicrucian: A Romance (published 1811).
At Oxford Shelley attended few lectures, instead spending long hours reading and conducting scientific experiments in the laboratory he set up in his room. He met a fellow student, Thomas Jefferson Hogg, who became his closest friend.
Shelley became increasingly politicised under Hogg's influence, developing strong radical and anti-Christian views. Such views were dangerous in the reactionary political climate prevailing during Britain's war with Napoleonic France, and Shelley's father warned him against Hogg's influence.
In the winter of 1810–1811, Shelley published a series of anonymous political poems and tracts: Posthumous Fragments of Margaret Nicholson, The Necessity of Atheism (written in collaboration with Hogg) and A Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things.
Shelley mailed The Necessity of Atheism to all the bishops and heads of colleges at Oxford, and he was called to appear before the college's fellows, including the Dean, George Rowley. His refusal to answer questions put by college authorities regarding whether or not he authored the pamphlet resulted in his expulsion from Oxford on the 25th. March 1811, along with Hogg.
Hearing of his son's expulsion, Shelley's father threatened to cut all contact with Shelley unless he agreed to return home and study under tutors appointed by him. Shelley's refusal to do so led to a falling-out with his father.
Shelley's Marriage to Harriet Westbrook
In late December 1810, Shelley had met Harriet Westbrook, a pupil at the same boarding school as Shelley's sisters. They corresponded frequently that winter, and also after Shelley had been expelled from Oxford.
Shelley expounded his radical ideas on politics, religion and marriage to Harriet, and they gradually convinced each other that she was oppressed by her father and at school.
Shelley's infatuation with Harriet developed in the months following his expulsion, when he was under severe emotional strain due to the conflict with his family, his bitterness over the breakdown of his romance with his cousin Harriet Grove, and his unfounded belief that he might be suffering from a fatal illness.
At the same time, Harriet Westbrook's elder sister Eliza, to whom Harriet was very close, encouraged the young girl's romance with Shelley. Shelley's correspondence with Harriet intensified in July, while he was holidaying in Wales, and in response to her urgent pleas for his protection, he returned to London in early August.
Putting aside his philosophical objections to matrimony, he left with the sixteen-year-old Harriet for Edinburgh on the 25th. August 1811, and they were married there on the 28th.
Hearing of the elopement, Harriet's father, John Westbrook, and Shelley's father cut off the allowances of the bride and groom. Shelley's father believed that his son had married beneath him, as Harriet's father had earned his fortune in trade, and was the owner of a tavern and coffee house.
Surviving on borrowed money, Shelley and Harriet stayed in Edinburgh for a month, with Hogg living under the same roof. The trio left for York in October, and Shelley went on to Sussex to settle matters with his father, leaving Harriet behind with Hogg.
Shelley returned from his unsuccessful excursion to find that Harriet's sister Eliza had moved in with Harriet and Hogg. Harriet confessed that Hogg had tried to seduce her while Shelley had been away. Accordingly Shelley, Harriet and Eliza soon left for Keswick in the Lake District, leaving Hogg in York.
At this time Shelley was involved in an intense platonic relationship with Elizabeth Hitchener, a 28-year-old unmarried schoolteacher of advanced views, with whom he had been corresponding. Hitchener, whom Shelley called the "sister of my soul" and "my second self", became his confidante and intellectual companion as he developed his views on politics, religion, ethics and personal relationships.
Shelley proposed that Elizabeth join him, Harriet and Eliza in a communal household where all property would be shared.
The Shelleys and Eliza spent December and January in Keswick where Shelley visited Robert Southey whose poetry he admired. Southey was taken with Shelley, even though there was a wide gulf between them politically, and predicted great things for him as a poet.
Southey also informed Shelley that William Godwin, author of Political Justice, which had greatly influenced him in his youth, and which Shelley also admired, was still alive. Shelley wrote to Godwin, offering himself as his devoted disciple. Godwin, who had modified many of his earlier radical views, advised Shelley to reconcile with his father, become a scholar before he published anything else, and give up his avowed plans for political agitation in Ireland.
Meanwhile, Shelley had met his father's patron, Charles Howard, 11th. Duke of Norfolk, who helped secure the reinstatement of Shelley's allowance.
With Harriet's allowance also restored, Shelley now had the funds for his Irish venture. Their departure for Ireland was precipitated by increasing hostility towards the Shelley household from their landlord and neighbours who were alarmed by Shelley's scientific experiments, pistol shooting and radical political views.
As tension mounted, Shelley claimed he had been attacked in his home by ruffians, an event which might have been real, or a delusional episode triggered by stress. This was the first of a series of episodes in subsequent years where Shelley claimed to have been attacked by strangers during periods of personal crisis.
Early in 1812, Shelley wrote, published and personally distributed in Dublin three political tracts: An Address, to the Irish People; Proposals for an Association of Philanthropists; and Declaration of Rights. He also delivered a speech at a meeting of O'Connell's Catholic Committee in which he called for Catholic emancipation, repeal of the Acts of Union and an end to the oppression of the Irish poor. Reports of Shelley's subversive activities were sent to the Home Secretary.
Returning from Ireland, the Shelley household travelled to Wales, then Devon, where they again came under government surveillance for distributing subversive literature. Elizabeth Hitchener joined the household in Devon, but several months later had a falling out with the Shelleys and left.
The Shelley household settled in Tremadog, Wales in September 1812, where Shelley worked on Queen Mab, a utopian allegory with extensive notes preaching atheism, free love, republicanism and vegetarianism. The poem was published the following year in a private edition of 250 copies, although few were initially distributed, because of the risk of prosecution for seditious and religious libel.
In February 1813, Shelley claimed he was attacked in his home at night. The incident might have been real, a hallucination brought on by stress, or a hoax staged by Shelley in order to escape government surveillance, creditors and his entanglements in local politics. The Shelleys and Eliza fled to Ireland, then London.
Back in England, Shelley's debts mounted as he tried unsuccessfully to reach a financial settlement with his father. On the 23rd. June 1813, Harriet gave birth to a girl, Eliza Ianthe Shelley, but in the following months the relationship between Shelley and his wife deteriorated.
Shelley resented the influence that Harriet's sister had over her, while Harriet was alienated by Shelley's close friendship with an attractive widow, Harriet Boinville, and her daughter Cornelia Turner.
Following Ianthe's birth, the Shelleys moved frequently across London, Wales, the Lake District, Scotland and Berkshire to escape creditors and to search for a home.
In March 1814, Shelley remarried Harriet in London to settle any doubts about the legality of their Edinburgh wedding and to secure the rights of their child. Nevertheless, the Shelleys lived apart for most of the following months, and Shelley reflected bitterly on:
"My rash & heartless union with Harriet".
Shelley's Elopement with Mary Godwin
In May 1814, Shelley began visiting his mentor William Godwin almost daily, and soon fell in love with Mary, the sixteen-year-old daughter of Godwin and the late feminist author Mary Wollstonecraft.
Shelley and Mary declared their love for each other during a visit to her mother's grave in the churchyard of St. Pancras Old Church on the 26th. June 1814. When Shelley told William Godwin that he intended to leave Harriet and live with Godwin's daughter, his mentor banished him from the house, and forbade Mary from seeing him.
Shelley and Mary however eloped to Europe on the 28th. July 1814, taking Mary's step-sister Claire Clairmont with them. Before leaving, Shelley had secured a loan of £3,000, but had left most of the funds at the disposal of Godwin and Harriet, who was now pregnant. The financial arrangement with Godwin led to rumours that he had sold his daughters to Shelley.
Shelley, Mary Godwin and Claire made their way across war-ravaged France where Shelley wrote to Harriet, asking her to meet them in Switzerland with the money he had left for her.
However, hearing nothing from Harriet in Switzerland, and being unable to secure sufficient funds or suitable accommodation, the three travelled to Germany and Holland before returning to England on the 13th. September 1814.
Shelley spent the next few months trying to raise loans and avoid bailiffs. Mary was pregnant, lonely, depressed and ill. Her mood was not improved when she heard that, on the 30th. November 1814, Harriet had given birth to Charles Bysshe Shelley, heir to the Shelley fortune and baronetcy.
This was followed, in early January 1815, by news that Shelley's grandfather, Sir Bysshe, had died leaving an estate worth £220,000. The settlement of the estate, and a financial settlement between Shelley and his father (now Sir Timothy), however, was not concluded until April the following year.
In February 1815, Mary gave premature birth to a baby girl who died ten days later, deepening her depression. In the following weeks, Mary became close to Hogg who temporarily moved into the household.
Shelley was almost certainly having a sexual relationship with Claire at this time, and it is possible that Mary, with Shelley's encouragement, was also having a sexual relationship with Hogg. In May Claire left the household, at Mary's insistence, to reside in Lynmouth.
In August 1815 Shelley and Mary moved to Bishopsgate where Shelley worked on Alastor, a long poem in blank verse based on the myth of Narcissus and Echo. Alastor was published in an edition of 250 in early 1816 to poor sales and largely unfavourable reviews from the conservative press.
On the 24th. January 1816, Mary gave birth to William Shelley. Percy was delighted to have another son, but was suffering from the strain of prolonged financial negotiations with his father, Harriet and William Godwin. Shelley showed signs of delusional behaviour, and was contemplating an escape to the continent.
Lord Byron
Claire initiated a sexual relationship with Lord Byron in April 1816, just before his self-exile on the continent, and then arranged for Byron to meet Shelley, Mary and her in Geneva.
Shelley admired Byron's poetry, and had sent him Queen Mab and other poems. Shelley's party arrived in Geneva in May and rented a house close to Villa Diodati, on the shores of Lake Geneva, where Byron was staying. There Shelley, Byron and the others engaged in discussions about literature, science and "various philosophical doctrines".
One night, while Byron was reciting Coleridge's Christabel, Shelley suffered a severe panic attack with hallucinations. The previous night Mary had had a more productive vision or nightmare which inspired her novel Frankenstein.
Shelley and Byron then took a boating tour around Lake Geneva, which inspired Shelley to write his "Hymn to Intellectual Beauty", his first substantial poem since Alastor.
A tour of Chamonix in the French Alps inspired "Mont Blanc", which has been described as an atheistic response to Coleridge's "Hymn before Sunrise in the Vale of Chamoni". During this tour, Shelley often signed guest books with a declaration that he was an atheist. These declarations were seen by other British tourists, including Southey, which hardened attitudes against Shelley back home.
Relations between Byron and Shelley's party became strained when Byron was told that Claire was pregnant with his child. Shelley, Mary, and Claire left Switzerland in late August, with arrangements for the expected baby still unclear, although Shelley made provision for Claire and the baby in his will.
In January 1817 Claire gave birth to a daughter by Byron who she named Alba, but later renamed Allegra in accordance with Byron's wishes.
Shelley's Marriage to Mary Godwin
Shelley and Mary returned to England in September 1816, and in early October they heard that Mary's half-sister Fanny Imlay had killed herself. Mary believed that Fanny had been in love with Shelley, and Shelley himself suffered depression and guilt over her death, writing:
"Friend had I known thy secret grief
Should we have parted so."
Further tragedy followed in December 1816 when Shelley's estranged wife Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine in Hyde Park. Harriet, pregnant and living alone at the time, believed that she had been abandoned by her new lover. In her suicide letter she asked Shelley to take custody of their son Charles but to leave their daughter in her sister Eliza's care.
Shelley married Mary Godwin on the 30 December 1816, despite his philosophical objections to the institution. The marriage was intended to help secure Shelley's custody of his children by Harriet and to placate Godwin who had refused to see Shelley and Mary because of their previous adulterous relationship.
After a prolonged legal battle, the Court of Chancery eventually awarded custody of Shelley and Harriet's children to foster parents, on the grounds that Shelley had abandoned his first wife for Mary without cause, and was an atheist.
In March 1817 the Shelleys moved to the village of Marlow, Buckinghamshire, where Shelley's friend Thomas Love Peacock lived. The Shelley household included Claire and her baby Allegra, both of whose presence was resented by Mary. Shelley's generosity with money and increasing debts also led to financial and marital stress, as did Godwin's frequent requests for financial help.
On the 2nd. September 1817 Mary gave birth to a daughter, Clara Everina Shelley. Soon after, Shelley left for London with Claire, which increased Mary's resentment towards her step-sister. Shelley was arrested for two days in London over money he owed, and attorneys visited Mary in Marlowe over Shelley's debts.
Shelley was part of the literary and political circle that surrounded Leigh Hunt, and during this period he met William Hazlitt and John Keats. Shelley's major work during this time was Laon and Cythna, a long narrative poem featuring incest and attacks on religion.
It was hastily withdrawn after publication due to fears of prosecution for religious libel, and was re-edited and reissued as The Revolt of Islam in January 1818. Shelley also published two political tracts under a pseudonym: A Proposal for putting Reform to the Vote throughout the Kingdom (March 1817) and An Address to the People on the Death of Princess Charlotte (November 1817).
In December he wrote "Ozymandias", which is considered to be one of his finest sonnets, as part of a competition with friend and fellow poet Horace Smith.
Shelley in Italy
On the 12th. March 1818 the Shelleys and Claire left England:
"To escape its tyranny civil and religious".
A doctor had also recommended that Shelley go to Italy for his chronic lung complaint, and Shelley had arranged to take Claire's daughter, Allegra, to her father Byron who was now in Venice.
After travelling some months through France and Italy, Shelley left Mary and baby Clara at Bagni di Lucca (in today's Tuscany) while he travelled with Claire to Venice to see Byron and make arrangements for visiting Allegra.
Byron invited the Shelleys to stay at his summer residence at Este, and Shelley urged Mary to meet him there. Clara became seriously ill on the journey, and died on the 24th. September 1818 in Venice.
Following Clara's death, Mary fell into a long period of depression and emotional estrangement from Shelley.
The Shelleys moved to Naples on the 1st. December 1818, where they stayed for three months. During this period Shelley was ill, depressed and almost suicidal: a state of mind reflected in his poem "Stanzas written in Dejection – December 1818, Near Naples".
While in Naples, Shelley registered the birth and baptism of a baby girl, Elena Adelaide Shelley (born on the 27th. December 1818), naming himself as the father and falsely naming Mary as the mother.
The parentage of Elena has never been conclusively established. Biographers have variously speculated that she was adopted by Shelley to console Mary for the loss of Clara, that she was Shelley's child to Claire, that she was his child to his servant Elise Foggi, or that she was the child of a "mysterious lady" who had followed Shelley to the continent.
Shelley registered the birth and baptism on the 27th. February 1819, and the household left Naples for Rome the following day, leaving Elena with carers. Elena died in a poor suburb of Naples on the 9th. June 1820.
In Rome, Shelley was in poor health, probably suffering from nephritis and tuberculosis which later was in remission. Nevertheless, he made significant progress on three major works: Julian and Maddalo, Prometheus Unbound, and The Cenci.
Julian and Maddalo is an autobiographical poem which explores the relationship between Shelley and Byron, and analyses Shelley's personal crises of 1818 and 1819. The poem was completed in the summer of 1819, but was not published in Shelley's lifetime.
Prometheus Unbound is a long dramatic poem inspired by Aeschylus's retelling of the Prometheus myth. It was completed in late 1819 and published in 1820.
The Cenci is a verse drama of rape, murder and incest based on the story of the Renaissance Count Cenci of Rome and his daughter Beatrice. Shelley completed the play in September, and the first edition was published that year. It was to become one of his most popular works, and the only one to have two authorised editions during his lifetime.
Shelley's three-year-old son William died in June, probably of malaria. The new tragedy caused a further decline in Shelley's health, and deepened Mary's depression. On the 4th. August she wrote:
"We have now lived five years together;
and if all the events of the five years
were blotted out, I might be happy".
The Shelleys were now living in Livorno where, in September, Shelley heard of the Peterloo Massacre of peaceful protesters in Manchester. Within two weeks he had completed one of his most famous political poems, The Mask of Anarchy, and despatched it to Leigh Hunt for publication. Hunt, however, decided not to publish it for fear of prosecution for seditious libel. The poem was only officially published in 1832.
The Shelleys moved to Florence in October, where Shelley read a scathing review of the Revolt of Islam (and its earlier version Laon and Cythna) in the conservative Quarterly Review. Shelley was angered by the personal attack on him in the article which he erroneously believed had been written by Southey. His bitterness over the review lasted for the rest of his life.
On the 12th. November, Mary gave birth to a boy, Percy Florence Shelley. Around the time of Percy's birth, the Shelleys met Sophia Stacey, who was a ward of one of Shelley's uncles, and who was staying at the same pension as the Shelleys.
Sophia, a talented harpist and singer, formed a friendship with Shelley while Mary was preoccupied with her newborn son. Shelley wrote at least five love poems and fragments for Sophia including "Song Written for an Indian Air".
The Shelleys moved to Pisa in January 1820, ostensibly to consult a doctor who had been recommended to them. There they became friends with the Irish republican Margaret Mason (Lady Margaret Mountcashell) and her common-law husband George William Tighe. Mrs Mason became the inspiration for Shelley's poem "The Sensitive Plant", and Shelley's discussions with Mason and Tighe influenced his political thought and his critical interest in the population theories of Thomas Malthus.
In March Shelley wrote to friends that Mary was depressed, suicidal and hostile towards him. Shelley was also beset by financial worries, as creditors from England pressed him for payment and he was obliged to make secret payments in connection with his "Neapolitan charge" Elena.
Meanwhile, Shelley was writing A Philosophical View of Reform, a political essay which he had begun in Rome. The unfinished essay, which remained unpublished in Shelley's lifetime, has been called:
"One of the most advanced and
sophisticated documents of political
philosophy in the nineteenth century".
Another crisis erupted in June when Shelley claimed that he had been assaulted in the Pisan post office by a man accusing him of foul crimes. Shelley's biographer James Bieri suggests that this incident was possibly a delusional episode brought on by extreme stress, as Shelley was being blackmailed by a former servant, Paolo Foggi, over baby Elena.
It is likely that the blackmail was connected with a story spread by another former servant, Elise Foggi, that Shelley had fathered a child to Claire in Naples and had sent it to a foundling home. Shelley, Claire and Mary denied this story, and Elise later recanted.
In July, hearing that John Keats was seriously ill in England, Shelley wrote to the poet inviting him to stay with him at Pisa. Keats replied with hopes of seeing him, but instead, arrangements were made for Keats to travel to Rome.
In early July 1820, Shelley heard that baby Elena had died on 9 June. In the months following the post office incident and Elena's death, relations between Mary and Claire deteriorated, and Claire spent most of the next two years living separately from the Shelleys, mainly in Florence.
That December Shelley met Teresa (Emilia) Viviani, who was the 19-year-old daughter of the Governor of Pisa and who was living in a convent awaiting a suitable marriage. Shelley visited her several times over the next few months, and they started a passionate correspondence which dwindled after her marriage the following September. Emilia was the inspiration for Shelley's major poem Epipsychidion.
In March 1821 Shelley completed "A Defence of Poetry", a response to Peacock's article "The Four Ages of Poetry". Shelley's essay, with its famous conclusion "Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world", remained unpublished in his lifetime.
Following the death of Keats in 1821, Shelley wrote Adonais, which is considered to be one of the major pastoral elegies. The poem was published in Pisa in July 1821, but sold few copies.
Shelley went alone to Ravenna in early August to see Byron, making a detour to Livorno for a rendezvous with Claire. Shelley stayed with Byron for two weeks and invited the older poet to spend the winter in Pisa. After Shelley heard Byron read his newly completed fifth canto of Don Juan he wrote to Mary:
"I despair of rivalling Byron."
In November Byron moved into Villa Lanfranchi in Pisa, just across the river from the Shelleys. Byron became the centre of the "Pisan circle" which was to include Shelley, Thomas Medwin, Edward Williams and Edward Trelawny.
In the early months of 1822, Shelley became increasingly close to Jane Williams, who was living with her partner Edward Williams in the same building as the Shelleys.
Shelley wrote a number of love poems for Jane, including "The Serpent is Shut out of Paradise" and "With a Guitar, to Jane". Shelley's obvious affection for Jane was to cause increasing tension between Shelley, Edward Williams and Mary.
Claire arrived in Pisa in April at Shelley's invitation, and soon after they heard that her daughter Allegra had died of typhus in Ravenna. The Shelleys and Claire then moved to Villa Magni, near Lerici on the shores of the Gulf of La Spezia.
Shelley acted as mediator between Claire and Byron over arrangements for the burial of their daughter, and the added strain led to Shelley having a series of hallucinations.
Mary almost died from a miscarriage on the 16th, June, her life only being saved by Shelley's effective first aid. Two days later Shelley wrote to a friend that there was no sympathy between Mary and him, and if the past and future could be obliterated he would be content in his boat with Jane and her guitar.
That same day he also wrote to Trelawny asking for prussic acid. The following week, Shelley woke the household with his screaming over a nightmare or hallucination in which he saw Edward and Jane Williams as walking corpses, and himself strangling Mary.
During this time, Shelley was writing his final major poem, the unfinished The Triumph of Life, which Harold Bloom has called:
"The most despairing poem he wrote".
The Death of Shelley
On the 1st. July 1822, Shelley and Edward Williams sailed in Shelley's new boat the Don Juan to Livorno where Shelley met Leigh Hunt and Byron in order to make arrangements for a new journal, The Liberal.
After the meeting, on the 8th. July, Shelley, Williams and their boat boy sailed out of Livorno for Lerici. A few hours later, the Don Juan and its inexperienced crew were lost in a storm. The vessel, an open boat, had been custom-built in Genoa for Shelley.
Mary Shelley declared in her "Note on Poems of 1822" that the design had a defect, and that the boat was never seaworthy. In fact, however, the Don Juan was overmasted; the sinking was due to a severe storm and poor seamanship of the three men on board.
Shelley's badly decomposed body washed ashore at Viareggio ten days later, and was identified by Trelawny from the clothing and a copy of Keats's Lamia in a jacket pocket. On the 16th. August, his body was cremated on a beach near Viareggio, and the ashes were buried in the Protestant Cemetery of Rome.
When news of Shelley's death reached England, the Tory London newspaper The Courier printed:
"Shelley, the writer of some infidel poetry,
has been drowned; now he knows whether
there is God or no."
Shelley's ashes were reburied in a different plot at the cemetery in 1823. His grave bears the Latin inscription Cor Cordium (Heart of Hearts), and a few lines of "Ariel's Song" from Shakespeare's The Tempest:
'Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea change
Into something rich and strange'.
When Shelley's body was cremated on the beach, his presumed heart resisted burning, and was retrieved by Trelawny. The heart was possibly calcified from an earlier tubercular infection, or was perhaps his liver.
Trelawny gave the scorched organ to Hunt, who preserved it in spirits of wine and refused to hand it over to Mary. He finally relented, and the heart was eventually buried either at St Peter's Church, Bournemouth or in Christchurch Priory. Hunt also retrieved a piece of Shelley's jawbone which, in 1913, was given to the Shelley-Keats Memorial in Rome.
Shelley's Political, Religious and Ethical views
-- Politics
Shelley was a political radical who was influenced by thinkers such as Rousseau, Paine, Godwin, Wollstonecraft, and Leigh Hunt. He advocated Catholic Emancipation, republicanism, parliamentary reform, the extension of the franchise, freedom of speech and peaceful assembly, an end to aristocratic and clerical privilege, and a more equal distribution of income and wealth.
The views he expressed in his published works were often more moderate than those he advocated privately, because of the risk of prosecution for seditious libel and his desire not to alienate more moderate friends and political allies. Nevertheless, his political writings and activism brought him to the attention of the Home Office, and he came under government surveillance at various periods.
Shelley's most influential political work in the years immediately following his death was the poem Queen Mab, which included extensive notes on political themes. The work went through 14 official and pirated editions by 1845, and became popular in Owenist and Chartist circles. His longest political essay, A Philosophical View of Reform, was written in 1820, but not published until 1920.
-- Nonviolence
Shelley's advocacy of nonviolent resistance was largely based on his reflections on the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon, and his belief that violent protest would increase the prospect of a military despotism.
Although Shelley sympathised with supporters of Irish independence, he did not support violent rebellion. In his early pamphlet An Address, to the Irish People (1812) he wrote:
"I do not wish to see things changed now,
because it cannot be done without violence,
and we may assure ourselves that none of
us are fit for any change, however good, if
we condescend to employ force in a cause
we think right."
In his later essay A Philosophical View of Reform, Shelley did concede that there were political circumstances in which force might be justified:
"The last resort of resistance is undoubtably [sic] insurrection. The right of insurrection is derived
from the employment of armed force to counteract
the will of the nation."
Shelley supported the 1820 armed rebellion against absolute monarchy in Spain, and the 1821 armed Greek uprising against Ottoman rule.
Shelley's poem "The Mask of Anarchy" (written in 1819, but first published in 1832) has been called:
"Perhaps the first modern statement of
the principle of nonviolent resistance".
Gandhi was familiar with the poem, and it is possible that Shelley had an indirect influence on Gandhi through Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience.
-- Religion
Shelley was an avowed atheist, who was influenced by the materialist arguments in Holbach's Le Système de la Nature. His atheism was an important element of his political radicalism, as he saw organised religion as inextricably linked to social oppression.
The overt and implied atheism in many of his works raised a serious risk of prosecution for religious libel. His early pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism was withdrawn from sale soon after publication following a complaint from a priest. His poem Queen Mab, which includes sustained attacks on the priesthood, Christianity and religion in general, was twice prosecuted by the Society for the Suppression of Vice in 1821. A number of his other works were edited before publication to reduce the risk of prosecution.
-- Free Love
Shelley's advocacy of free love drew heavily on the work of Mary Wollstonecraft and the early work of William Godwin. In his notes to Queen Mab, he wrote:
"A system could not well have been
devised more studiously hostile to
human happiness than marriage."
He argued that:
"The children of unhappy marriages
are nursed in a systematic school of
ill-humour, violence and falsehood".
Shelley believed that the ideal of chastity outside marriage was "a monkish and evangelical superstition" which led to the hypocrisy of prostitution and promiscuity.
Shelley believed that "sexual connection" should be free among those who loved each other, and last only as long as their mutual love. Love should also be free, and not subject to obedience, jealousy and fear.
He denied that free love would lead to promiscuity and the disruption of stable human relationships, arguing that relationships based on love would generally be of long duration and marked by generosity and self-devotion.
When Shelley's friend T. J. Hogg made an unwanted sexual advance to Shelley's first wife Harriet, Shelley forgave him of his "horrible error" and assured him that he was not jealous. It is very likely that Shelley encouraged Hogg and Shelley's second wife Mary to have a sexual relationship.
-- Vegetarianism
Shelley converted to a vegetable diet in early March 1812 and sustained it, with occasional lapses, for the remainder of his life. Shelley's vegetarianism was influenced by ancient authors such as Hesiod, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Ovid and Plutarch, but more directly by John Frank Newton, author of The Return to Nature, or, A Defence of the Vegetable Regimen (1811).
Shelley wrote two essays on vegetarianism: A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813) and "On the Vegetable System of Diet" (written circa 1813–1815, but first published in 1929).
William Owen Jones argues that Shelley's advocacy of vegetarianism was strikingly modern, emphasising its health benefits, the alleviation of animal suffering, the inefficient use of agricultural land involved in animal husbandry, and the economic inequality resulting from the commercialisation of animal food production. Shelley's life and works inspired the founding of the Vegetarian Society in England (1847) and directly influenced the vegetarianism of George Bernard Shaw and perhaps Gandhi.
Reception and Influence of Shelley's Work
Shelley's work was not widely read in his lifetime outside a small circle of friends, poets and critics. Most of his poetry, drama and fiction was published in editions of only 250 copies which generally sold poorly. Only The Cenci went to an authorised second edition while Shelley was alive – in contrast, Byron's The Corsair (1814) sold out its first edition of 10,000 copies in one day.
The initial reception of Shelley's work in mainstream periodicals (with the exception of the liberal Examiner) was generally unfavourable. Reviewers often launched personal attacks on Shelley's private life and political, social and religious views, even when conceding that his poetry contained beautiful imagery and poetic expression.
There was also criticism of Shelley's intelligibility and style, Hazlitt describing it as:
"A passionate dream, a straining
after impossibilities, a record of fond
conjectures, a confused embodying
of vague abstraction".
Shelley's poetry soon however gained a wider audience in radical and reformist circles. Queen Mab became popular with Owenists and Chartists, and Revolt of Islam influenced poets sympathetic to the workers' movement such as Thomas Hood, Thomas Cooper and William Morris.
However, Shelley's mainstream following did not develop until a generation after his death. Bieri argues that editions of Shelley's poems published in 1824 and 1839 were edited by Mary Shelley to highlight her late husband's lyrical gifts and downplay his radical ideas. Matthew Arnold famously described Shelley as a "beautiful and ineffectual angel".
Shelley was a major influence on a number of important poets in the following decades, including Robert Browning, Swinburne, Hardy and Yeats. Shelley-like characters frequently appeared in nineteenth-century literature, such as Scythrop in Peacock's Nightmare Abbey, Ladislaw in George Eliot's Middlemarch, and Angel Clare in Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles.
Twentieth-century critics such as Eliot, Leavis, Allen Tate and Auden variously criticised Shelley's poetry for deficiencies in style, "repellent" ideas, and immaturity of intellect and sensibility.
However, Shelley's critical reputation rose from the 1960's as a new generation of critics highlighted Shelley's debt to Spenser and Milton, his mastery of genres and verse forms, and the complex interplay of sceptical, idealist and materialist ideas in his work.
American literary critic Harold Bloom describes him as:
"A superb craftsman, a lyric poet
without rival, and surely one of the
most advanced sceptical intellects
ever to write a poem".
According to Donald H. Reiman:
"Shelley belongs to the great tradition
of Western writers that includes Dante,
Shakespeare and Milton".
John Lauritsen and Charles E. Robinson have argued that Shelley's contribution to Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein was extensive, and that he should be considered a collaborator or co-author.
However Professor Charlotte Gordon and others have disputed this contention. Fiona Sampson has said:
"In recent years Percy's corrections, visible
in the Frankenstein notebooks held at the
Bodleian Library in Oxford, have been
seized on as evidence that he must have
at least co-authored the novel. In fact, when
I examined the notebooks myself, I realised
that Percy did rather less than any line editor
working in publishing today."
Thoughts From Percy Shelley
"The soul's joy lies in doing."
"I have drunken deep of joy, And
I will taste no other wine tonight."
"A poet is a nightingale, who sits in
darkness and sings to cheer its own
solitude with sweet sounds."
"War is the statesman's game, the
priest's delight, the lawyer's jest,
the hired assassin's trade."
"Soul meets soul on lovers' lips."
"Fear not for the future,
weep not for the past."
"Our sincerest laughter with some
pain is fraught; Our sweetest songs
are those that tell of saddest thought."
"O, wind, if winter comes, can
can spring be far behind?"
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Participants enjoy an intense arms/abs workout with instructor Holly at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Participants began their workout with a cycle class with instructor Greg during the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Participants began their workout with a cycle class with instructor Greg during the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Participants began their workout with a cycle class with instructor Greg during the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
For the last party of 2008 TDC and YogiBogeyBox collaborate to bring you a delightful treat:
So one two three... and stretch your feet ))
On Friday December 5th 2008, New York will host...
PENTA Live & DJ Set (AuraQuake, Portugal)
Nikita Tselovalnikov, the Russian-born psytrance producer behind Penta, has been making music
for almost twenty years. Having played as a trance producer in more than thirty countries
around the world, appearing repeatedly in every major festival such as Boom, Voov, Universo
Paralello, Full Moon and Burning Man, Nikita has gained reputation as one of the pioneers and
innovators in the psytrance world. Penta’s unique futuristic sound has brought together people
of different scenes into one swirling psychedelic dance.
Mexican Trance Mafia Live (YogiBogeyBox, Mexico)
Mario Garza, aka Mexican Trance Mafia, is a skilled musician who made his debut 12 years ago.
Style elements out of this earlier project led Mario to produce an anomalous range of complex
psychedelic dance music that is fueled by the synergy between the audience and performing artist.
His compositions as Mexican Trance Mafia (MTM) has taken him to many places across the globe, including
Portugal, Belgium, the U.K., and the United States. Having released tracks on record labels such as
Maia, AP, Solstice, Fungi Records Mexican Trance Mafia - Mario is an artist who's future releases are
to be highly anticipated.
Eg~Bot & Lauryn (Peak Records/Gaian-Mind, Philadelphia, PA)
David McGee (aka Eg~Bot) and Lauryn are currently based in Philadelphia, PA where they help throw the
Gaian Mind monthly parties. Both finding their musical roots early in life, together they share a combined
15 years behind the decks. Individually they have played across the US, Canada, and in Europe sharing
the stage with many well know international acts. Prepare for a twisting journey through dimensional shifts.
Downstairs by OMNITRIBE:
We are happy to host one of the great party promoters here in New York. Omnitribe is well known
for their quality festivals and electrifying energy! Their progressive and chill-out artists will provide
a second dance space that is not to be missed:
Gosha (Omnitribe, NYC)
Fxmike (Omnitribe, NYC)
Leshiy (Omnitribe, NYC)
Kife (Omnitribe, NYC)
Farmatar (Omnitribe, NYC)
WONDERFUL ARTISTS TO JOIN THE LINEUP!!!
For the last party of 2008 TDC and YogiBogeyBox collaborate to bring you a delightful treat:
So one two three... and stretch your feet ))
On Friday December 5th 2008, New York will host...
PENTA Live & DJ Set (AuraQuake, Portugal)
Nikita Tselovalnikov, the Russian-born psytrance producer behind Penta, has been making music
for almost twenty years. Having played as a trance producer in more than thirty countries
around the world, appearing repeatedly in every major festival such as Boom, Voov, Universo
Paralello, Full Moon and Burning Man, Nikita has gained reputation as one of the pioneers and
innovators in the psytrance world. Penta’s unique futuristic sound has brought together people
of different scenes into one swirling psychedelic dance.
Mexican Trance Mafia Live (YogiBogeyBox, Mexico)
Mario Garza, aka Mexican Trance Mafia, is a skilled musician who made his debut 12 years ago.
Style elements out of this earlier project led Mario to produce an anomalous range of complex
psychedelic dance music that is fueled by the synergy between the audience and performing artist.
His compositions as Mexican Trance Mafia (MTM) has taken him to many places across the globe, including
Portugal, Belgium, the U.K., and the United States. Having released tracks on record labels such as
Maia, AP, Solstice, Fungi Records Mexican Trance Mafia - Mario is an artist who's future releases are
to be highly anticipated.
Eg~Bot & Lauryn (Peak Records/Gaian-Mind, Philadelphia, PA)
David McGee (aka Eg~Bot) and Lauryn are currently based in Philadelphia, PA where they help throw the
Gaian Mind monthly parties. Both finding their musical roots early in life, together they share a combined
15 years behind the decks. Individually they have played across the US, Canada, and in Europe sharing
the stage with many well know international acts. Prepare for a twisting journey through dimensional shifts.
Downstairs by OMNITRIBE:
We are happy to host one of the great party promoters here in New York. Omnitribe is well known
for their quality festivals and electrifying energy! Their progressive and chill-out artists will provide
a second dance space that is not to be missed:
Gosha (Omnitribe, NYC)
Fxmike (Omnitribe, NYC)
Leshiy (Omnitribe, NYC)
Kife (Omnitribe, NYC)
Farmatar (Omnitribe, NYC)
WONDERFUL ARTISTS TO JOIN THE LINEUP!!!
For the last party of 2008 TDC and YogiBogeyBox collaborate to bring you a delightful treat:
So one two three... and stretch your feet ))
On Friday December 5th 2008, New York will host...
PENTA Live & DJ Set (AuraQuake, Portugal)
Nikita Tselovalnikov, the Russian-born psytrance producer behind Penta, has been making music
for almost twenty years. Having played as a trance producer in more than thirty countries
around the world, appearing repeatedly in every major festival such as Boom, Voov, Universo
Paralello, Full Moon and Burning Man, Nikita has gained reputation as one of the pioneers and
innovators in the psytrance world. Penta’s unique futuristic sound has brought together people
of different scenes into one swirling psychedelic dance.
Mexican Trance Mafia Live (YogiBogeyBox, Mexico)
Mario Garza, aka Mexican Trance Mafia, is a skilled musician who made his debut 12 years ago.
Style elements out of this earlier project led Mario to produce an anomalous range of complex
psychedelic dance music that is fueled by the synergy between the audience and performing artist.
His compositions as Mexican Trance Mafia (MTM) has taken him to many places across the globe, including
Portugal, Belgium, the U.K., and the United States. Having released tracks on record labels such as
Maia, AP, Solstice, Fungi Records Mexican Trance Mafia - Mario is an artist who's future releases are
to be highly anticipated.
Eg~Bot & Lauryn (Peak Records/Gaian-Mind, Philadelphia, PA)
David McGee (aka Eg~Bot) and Lauryn are currently based in Philadelphia, PA where they help throw the
Gaian Mind monthly parties. Both finding their musical roots early in life, together they share a combined
15 years behind the decks. Individually they have played across the US, Canada, and in Europe sharing
the stage with many well know international acts. Prepare for a twisting journey through dimensional shifts.
Downstairs by OMNITRIBE:
We are happy to host one of the great party promoters here in New York. Omnitribe is well known
for their quality festivals and electrifying energy! Their progressive and chill-out artists will provide
a second dance space that is not to be missed:
Gosha (Omnitribe, NYC)
Fxmike (Omnitribe, NYC)
Leshiy (Omnitribe, NYC)
Kife (Omnitribe, NYC)
Farmatar (Omnitribe, NYC)
WONDERFUL ARTISTS TO JOIN THE LINEUP!!!
For the last party of 2008 TDC and YogiBogeyBox collaborate to bring you a delightful treat:
So one two three... and stretch your feet ))
On Friday December 5th 2008, New York will host...
PENTA Live & DJ Set (AuraQuake, Portugal)
Nikita Tselovalnikov, the Russian-born psytrance producer behind Penta, has been making music
for almost twenty years. Having played as a trance producer in more than thirty countries
around the world, appearing repeatedly in every major festival such as Boom, Voov, Universo
Paralello, Full Moon and Burning Man, Nikita has gained reputation as one of the pioneers and
innovators in the psytrance world. Penta’s unique futuristic sound has brought together people
of different scenes into one swirling psychedelic dance.
Mexican Trance Mafia Live (YogiBogeyBox, Mexico)
Mario Garza, aka Mexican Trance Mafia, is a skilled musician who made his debut 12 years ago.
Style elements out of this earlier project led Mario to produce an anomalous range of complex
psychedelic dance music that is fueled by the synergy between the audience and performing artist.
His compositions as Mexican Trance Mafia (MTM) has taken him to many places across the globe, including
Portugal, Belgium, the U.K., and the United States. Having released tracks on record labels such as
Maia, AP, Solstice, Fungi Records Mexican Trance Mafia - Mario is an artist who's future releases are
to be highly anticipated.
Eg~Bot & Lauryn (Peak Records/Gaian-Mind, Philadelphia, PA)
David McGee (aka Eg~Bot) and Lauryn are currently based in Philadelphia, PA where they help throw the
Gaian Mind monthly parties. Both finding their musical roots early in life, together they share a combined
15 years behind the decks. Individually they have played across the US, Canada, and in Europe sharing
the stage with many well know international acts. Prepare for a twisting journey through dimensional shifts.
Downstairs by OMNITRIBE:
We are happy to host one of the great party promoters here in New York. Omnitribe is well known
for their quality festivals and electrifying energy! Their progressive and chill-out artists will provide
a second dance space that is not to be missed:
Gosha (Omnitribe, NYC)
Fxmike (Omnitribe, NYC)
Leshiy (Omnitribe, NYC)
Kife (Omnitribe, NYC)
Farmatar (Omnitribe, NYC)
WONDERFUL ARTISTS TO JOIN THE LINEUP!!!
For the last party of 2008 TDC and YogiBogeyBox collaborate to bring you a delightful treat:
So one two three... and stretch your feet ))
On Friday December 5th 2008, New York will host...
PENTA Live & DJ Set (AuraQuake, Portugal)
Nikita Tselovalnikov, the Russian-born psytrance producer behind Penta, has been making music
for almost twenty years. Having played as a trance producer in more than thirty countries
around the world, appearing repeatedly in every major festival such as Boom, Voov, Universo
Paralello, Full Moon and Burning Man, Nikita has gained reputation as one of the pioneers and
innovators in the psytrance world. Penta’s unique futuristic sound has brought together people
of different scenes into one swirling psychedelic dance.
Mexican Trance Mafia Live (YogiBogeyBox, Mexico)
Mario Garza, aka Mexican Trance Mafia, is a skilled musician who made his debut 12 years ago.
Style elements out of this earlier project led Mario to produce an anomalous range of complex
psychedelic dance music that is fueled by the synergy between the audience and performing artist.
His compositions as Mexican Trance Mafia (MTM) has taken him to many places across the globe, including
Portugal, Belgium, the U.K., and the United States. Having released tracks on record labels such as
Maia, AP, Solstice, Fungi Records Mexican Trance Mafia - Mario is an artist who's future releases are
to be highly anticipated.
Eg~Bot & Lauryn (Peak Records/Gaian-Mind, Philadelphia, PA)
David McGee (aka Eg~Bot) and Lauryn are currently based in Philadelphia, PA where they help throw the
Gaian Mind monthly parties. Both finding their musical roots early in life, together they share a combined
15 years behind the decks. Individually they have played across the US, Canada, and in Europe sharing
the stage with many well know international acts. Prepare for a twisting journey through dimensional shifts.
Downstairs by OMNITRIBE:
We are happy to host one of the great party promoters here in New York. Omnitribe is well known
for their quality festivals and electrifying energy! Their progressive and chill-out artists will provide
a second dance space that is not to be missed:
Gosha (Omnitribe, NYC)
Fxmike (Omnitribe, NYC)
Leshiy (Omnitribe, NYC)
Kife (Omnitribe, NYC)
Farmatar (Omnitribe, NYC)
WONDERFUL ARTISTS TO JOIN THE LINEUP!!!