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Participants enjoy some relaxing yoga with instructor Anna at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Further enhancing the Cadillac Motor Car Company's reputation for engineering leadership, the introduction of the innovative new eight-cylinder Model 51 marked Cadillac's first application of the V8 in standard production, mass-produced vehicle. Since that debut, the V8 engine has continued to remain as Cadillac's standard powerplant since, for an ‘unbroken span of more than 65 years'.
Cadillac chose to replace its outdated four-cylinder Model 30 with the 1915 V-8 Type 51. The model 30 had been running for four years and it was considered by some to be outdated, though it had an outstanding reputation for both durability and reliability. In 1914 sales for Cadillac plummeted, possibly due to other luxury makers were running with sixes. The Model 51 V8 was introduced by Cadillac founder Henry M. Leyland and featured an amazing 70 hp and a water-cooled V8 engine.
As the Edwardian Era was coming to a close, the elegance and innocence of that time was manufactured into the 'Landaulette' model. The stylish transformable coupe made the Model 51 a legend as it featured sophistication and style. Cadillac advertised the Model 51 as 'The Penalty of Leadership' in an ad campaign that wowed consumers. The Model 51 was produced in significant numbers and became a Cadillac trademark for decades.
For years Leyland had been experimenting with a variety of engine types, and as a result of all of his hard research, he came to the conclusion that V8 would be much more popular than a six. The compact nature of the v-type design also appealed to Leyland and in some instance the long crankshaft that characterized the inline sixes had a tendency to ‘whip at high rpm'. At the time, most luxury models had moved on to much more powerful six-cylinder engines, but Cadillac continued to sport its mundane four cylinder engine. The Model 51 was then debuted by the luxury department, powered by eight cylinders that wowed the public.
The V8 was a strange and unique design for those days, and many people hadn't even seen such an engine. Two French manufacturers had developed V8's more than a decade previously and had utilized them to power racing machines. In America, as early as 1906 Howard Marmon had demonstrated an air-cooled V8. In 1910 the French firm of DeDion had marketed a production V8. The Cadillac Model 51 offered the first commercially available V8 engine in 1914.
The Model 30 was the original vehicle that included an all-new Delco system and an electric start. No more were drivers concerned with jamming a thumb or breaking a limb when cranking their cars. Unfortunately, though the Model 51 was impressive, but it paled deeply when placed alongside the 1912 Cadillac Model 30. This top-of-the-line Cadillac was the most expensive vehicle that GM produced, and at 1921, the Model 51 was priced at $5,190.
During the 1915 model year alone, Cadillac produced more than 13,000 units of the Model 51, which was a very impressive number for the first year on the market. The Cadillac Roadster, the four-passenger Cadillac Salon, the five-passenger touring car, and the Cadillac Seven-Passenger vehicle were all priced at $1,975, while the Cadillac Coupe was priced at $2,500, the Sedan for five-passengers at $2,800, the standard Cadillac Limousine was priced at $3,450 and the top-line vehicle, the formal 'Berlin Limousine' was sold at $3,600.
[Text taken from Conceptcarz.com]
www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z16349/Cadillac-Model-51.aspx
This Lego miniland-scale 1915 Cadillac Type 51 Tourer has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 88th Build Challenge, - "Let's go Break Some records", - for vehicles that set the bar (high or low) for any number of vehicles statistics or records. Or for a vehicle which achieves a notable first. In the case of the Cadillac Type 51 - this model was the first production car V8 engine.
Penal station story
Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony.
From 1833, until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent here, a quite undesirable punishment. In addition Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.
Port Arthur was one example of the “Separate Prison Typology” (sometimes known as the Model prison), which emerged from Jeremy Bentham’s theories and his panopticon. The prison was completed in 1853 but then extended in 1855. The layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. It was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. The prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the Prison as well as the Chapel, in the Centre Hall. From this surveillance hub each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. This is how the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the Panopticon.
The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment. It was thought that the hard corporal punishment, such as whippings, used in other penal stations only served to harden criminals, and did nothing to turn them from their immoral ways. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners and as punishment for troublemakers. As a reward, a prisoner could receive larger amounts of food or even luxury items such as tea, sugar and tobacco. As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. Under this system of punishment the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent, this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.
The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located is a naturally secure site by being surrounded by water (rumoured by the administration to be shark-infested). The 30m wide isthmus of Eaglehawk Neck that was the only connection to the mainland was fenced and guarded by soldiers, man traps and half-starved dogs.
Contact between visiting seamen and prisoners was barred. Ships had to check in their sails and oars upon landing to prevent any escapes. However, many attempts were made, and some were successful. Boats were seized and rowed or sailed long distances to freedom.
In 1836, a tramway was established between Taranna and a jetty in Long Bay, north of Port Arthur. The sole propulsion was convicts
Port Arthur was sold as an inescapable prison, much like the later Alcatraz Island in the United States. Some prisoners were not discouraged by this, and tried to escape. Martin Cash successfully escaped along with two others. One of the most infamous incidents, simply for its bizarreness, was the escape attempt of one George "Billy" Hunt. Hunt disguised himself using a kangaroo hide and tried to flee across the Neck, but the half-starved guards on duty tried to shoot him to supplement their meagre rations. When he noticed them sighting him up, Hunt threw off his disguise and surrendered, receiving 150 lashes.
Port Arthur was also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine. The boys were separated from the main convict population and kept on Point Puer, the British Empire's second boys' prison.[9] Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first non-denominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.
Despite its reputation as a pioneering institution for the new, enlightened view of imprisonment, Port Arthur was still in reality as harsh and brutal as other penal settlements. Some critics might even suggest that its use of psychological punishment, compounded with no hope of escape, made it one of the worst. Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) just to escape the desolation of life at the camp. The Island of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1646 graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, are marked. The prison closed in 1877.
Local Accession Number: 06_11_004374
Title: Gossip - at every sip a reputation dies
Genre: Stereographs; Photographic prints
Created/Published: New York, N.Y. : Strohmeyer & Wyman, Publishers
Copyright date: 1899
Physical description: 1 photographic print on curved stereo card : stereograph ; 9 x 18 cm.
General notes: Title from item.
Subjects: Humorous pictures; Gossiping; Rumor; Tea parties
Collection: Harper Stereograph Collection
Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department
Shelf locator: Humorous set
Rights: No known restrictions
Building a reputation strategy. Reviews sites are going social
Modera Giancarlo Carniani - Coordinatore BTO - Buy Tourism Online e Co-Founder BTO Educational
Si è parlato di Reputation e dintorni con un gruppo di personaggi che di questo argomento sono stati in grado di portare un vero contributo. Quindi, reputazione, che vuol dire non solo recensioni......
Bravi, non era facile.
Nel panel:
Michele Aggiato - ZOOVER
Giulia Eremita - TRIVAGO
Roberto Frua - TRIPADVISOR
RJ Friedlander - REVIEWPRO
Georg Ziegler - HOLIDAYCHECK
BTO - BUY TOURISM ONLINE 2010
III^ [ Scintillante ] Edizione
18-19 Novembre 2010
Stazione Leopolda – Firenze
Il programma scientifico della III^ Edizione di BTO - Buy Tourism Online è stato affidato alle amorevoli cure di BTO Educational
Tutto in SOLD OUT
2.911 i partecipanti, 44 relatori, 42 FREE Training Session con 2.810 partecipanti, 112 giornalisti accredidati, 60 tra Bloggers e Evangelists 2.0, 4 Televisioni impegnate durante l'evento, i media partners Wired.it e intoscana.it, grazie grazie a ObiettivoTre, al MarketPlace 38 Portali Online, al Club degli Espositori 39 aziende, l'hashtag più twittato in Italia il 18 e 19 Novembre #bto2010, la diretta più seguita al mondo Giovedì 18 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day ONE, la diretta più seguita al mondo il Venerdì 19 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day TWO, i minuti su Livestream.com visti dalla somma degli utenti durante il live streaming dell'evento 965.420, dibattiti, keynote e interviste registrate in Main Hall 17 ore.
A big big special thanks to Roberta Milano.
La più ammirata Monica Fabris, il più saggio Rodolfo Baggio, il miglior inglese parlato quello di Giulia Eremita, la più fastidiosa Costanza G., la più canticchiata Chaiyya Chaiyya Bollywood Joint, la più tedesca Renate Goergen, il più inglese Jerome Touze, il più americano Josiah Mackenzie, la più gradita sorpresa gli amici di Web [Travel] Marketing, quello con più tesi Gianluca Diegoli, il più gradito ritorno Patrick Landman, i più coraggiosi i 6 Speakers per un Giorno, il più diretto Claudio Velardi, i più "complicati" gli amici di Zoes.it, il più in tutto Max Ulivieri, il più e basta Marco Monty Montemagno, il più amato da tutti Paolo Iabichino aka IABicus, il più "cattivo" Roberto Frua - TripAdvisor, il più buono Max Ventimiglia, la più dolce Elena Tubaro, il più ermetico Roberto Brenner - Google, il rubino più prezioso [ per noi di BTO Educational ] Elena Grassi - Expedia, quello sempre con l'ipad Mirko Lalli, la Blogger sempre più "famosa" Nelli, il più straordinario Professor Dimitrios Buhails, il più fotografato Matteo Renzi, il più bravo tappabuchi Paolo Chiappini, i più social i Bloggers, chi c'è mancato di più il cartello We Love Internet, il più bevuto caffè quello della Casa del Moka, i più tecnici Expomeeting, i più pazienti e disponibili i ragazzi e le ragazze del Prof. Eliodoro, il più appetitoso Lo Scalco, i più straordinariamente professionali i Crews, le Training più affollate Augmendy, Zoover e Google Advanced......
www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=...
This significant but little-known portrait of Mrs Oliver St. John, which was probably painted about 1636, exemplifies the qualities which ensured van Dyck's success in England.
By the time that van Dyck arrived in England for the second time, in the spring of 1632, more than ten years after he had first visited the Stuart court in London at the invitation of the Earl of Arundel and the Duke of Buckingham, he had established a reputation as one of the most gifted portrait painters in Europe. Reflecting this, his clientele included prominent members of the nobility and members of the great royal families of Europe. Van Dyck's brilliance and the freshness of his style of painting offered King Charles I the possibility of distilling, in supremely elegant visual form, an idealised vision of his political authority as monarch and of recording and reinforcing the splendour of the Stuart dynasty. Knighted by King Charles I and enrolled in his household as 'principal painter in Ordinarie' soon after his arrival in 1632, van Dyck worked in England for much of the rest of his life, although he continued to travel and work on the Continent. Van Dyck's years in London were dominated by commissions from the King and Queen, which resulted in the production of a series of portraits of the royal family which revolutionized court portraiture in England, and which are among his greatest contributions to European painting. While the scale of King Charles I's patronage placed the artist under considerable pressure, van Dyck's virtuosity and appetite for work, as well as the experience he had gained from working in Rubens' Antwerp studio in managing the burden of such patronage, enabled him, alongside his multiple royal commissions, to execute portraits of many of the most prominent figures of the day, many of whom were closely connected to the court.
This portrait was identified as being of 'Lady Pollett' in an inventory of circa 1683 and is evidently of Catherine, third daughter and co-heiress of Horace Vere, 1st Baron Vere of Tilbury (1565 -1635), who first married Oliver St. John (1613- 1638), of Lydiard Tregoze, Wiltshire, in March 1633 and secondly John, 2nd Baron Poulett (c. 1615-1665), of Hinton St. George, in March 1640. Her father, one of the most effective military commanders of his generation, had particularly distinguished himself fighting for the Protestant cause in the Netherlands in the 1590s and later in defence of the Palatinate against the might of Spain. Her family was well-connected and among her brothers-in-law was the celebrated Parliamentarian General Thomas Fairfax, whose daughter married George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. This portrait is likely to have been painted circa 1636 at the time of her first marriage, and the delicately painted rose that she holds over her stomach is thought likely to allude to her pregnancy. Her first husband's family, which was long established in Wiltshire, was a cadet branch of the St. Johns of Bletsoe, Bedfordshire, and descended from the great fifteenth-century heiress Margaret Beauchamp, through whom they were related by blood to the Tudors. Catherine St. John's father-in-law, Sir John St. John (1585-1648), who was created a baronet in 1611 and was later High Sheriff of Wiltshire, was a staunch Royalist who lost three of his eight sons fighting for the Royal cause in the Civil War, and is now perhaps best known for the remarkable series of monuments and the triptych of his family which he commissioned for the church at Lydiard Tregoze. The sitter's second husband was a Member of Parliament for Somerset and, like her first husband, came from a prominent Royalist family.
With its understated elegance and yet its sense of authority, this portrait shows many of the qualities that defined van Dyck's output in England. The sitter is shown in an interior beside a draped curtain which Oliver Millar (op. cit.) thought 'perhaps unusual' in being 'unaccompanied by any architectural feature'. Millar also noted that 'There are interesting indications of the painter's method: in the painting of the foreground up to the dress and of the background up to, but partly not quite reaching, the edge of the curtain and the far shoulder, and round the far side of the head, which is rather smoothly and carefully painted' commenting that the sitter's dress 'is rich in texture, especially in the handling of the lights'. As Millar also observed, the way in which the sitter's dress falls below her waist and the placing of her left hand is very similar to the same passages in the artist's full-length of Mrs. George Kirke (San Marino, The Huntington Art Gallery), which he dates to circa 1637 and to those in van Dyck's portrait of Isabella, Lady De La Warr (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts), which he dates to circa 1638 (O. Millar, op. cit, pp. 545-6, no. IV 150 and pp. 495-6, no. IV 85).
The picture, which presumably remained in the sitter's possession when she married Lord Poulett (d. 1665), was later in the collection of William Kerr, 1st Earl of Lothian, who in 1667 presented it to the statesman, historian and collector Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674). Clarendon, who had fought on the Royalist side in the English Civil War and went into exile in 1646, was appointed Secretary of State by King Charles II at the Restoration, and later rose to great power as Lord Chancellor. At Clarendon House, which Clarendon built in London to the design of Roger Pratt, he formed an important collection of portraits of 'learned and heroic persons of England' which included, among other notable works, van Dyck's celebrated portrait of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, with his wife and daughter (New York, Frick Collection). Clarendon had apparently been looking for a portrait such as the present picture for his growing collection and his interest in the picture may also have been stirred by the fact that he was connected to the St. Johns of Lydiard Tregoze through his first wife, Anne, and that the connections provided by the St. John family had helped his early legal career. Lord Tweeddale described to Lothian Lord Clarendon's pleasure in the acquisition: 'He did commend it exceedingly as one of the best ever Vandick did, and said he had taken cair to putt it in good order and streatch it and soe far as could amend where spoil'd. bot it was in his owen hows, and he desir'd me to see it before I went home...' (R.M.G. Wenley, op. cit., p. 37). Bishop Burnet later recorded that when Lady Poulett's grandson, the 1st Earl of Poulett was assembling a gallery of family portraits he 'was a humble petitioner' to Clarendon's sons 'for leave to take a copy of his grandfather and grandmother's portraits (whole lengths drawn by vandike) that had been plundered from Hinton St. George, which was arranged with great difficulty, because it was thought that copies might lessen the value of the originals' (Bishop Burnet, History of his own Time, Oxford, 1833, I, p. 179). In 1683 Clarendon's son Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, moved to Cornbury, Wiltshire, where this portrait was recorded in an inventory of circa 1683-5. After the death of the 4th Earl of Clarendon in 1753 it was in the part of the collection inherited by the 4th Earl's daughter, Catherine, Duchess of Queensberry and Dover.
Participants enjoy some relaxing yoga with instructor Anna at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
Building a reputation strategy. Reviews sites are going social
Modera Giancarlo Carniani - Coordinatore BTO - Buy Tourism Online e Co-Founder BTO Educational
Si è parlato di Reputation e dintorni con un gruppo di personaggi che di questo argomento sono stati in grado di portare un vero contributo. Quindi, reputazione, che vuol dire non solo recensioni......
Bravi, non era facile.
Nel panel:
Michele Aggiato - ZOOVER
Giulia Eremita - TRIVAGO
Roberto Frua - TRIPADVISOR
RJ Friedlander - REVIEWPRO
Georg Ziegler - HOLIDAYCHECK
BTO - BUY TOURISM ONLINE 2010
III^ [ Scintillante ] Edizione
18-19 Novembre 2010
Stazione Leopolda – Firenze
Il programma scientifico della III^ Edizione di BTO - Buy Tourism Online è stato affidato alle amorevoli cure di BTO Educational
Tutto in SOLD OUT
2.911 i partecipanti, 44 relatori, 42 FREE Training Session con 2.810 partecipanti, 112 giornalisti accredidati, 60 tra Bloggers e Evangelists 2.0, 4 Televisioni impegnate durante l'evento, i media partners Wired.it e intoscana.it, grazie grazie a ObiettivoTre, al MarketPlace 38 Portali Online, al Club degli Espositori 39 aziende, l'hashtag più twittato in Italia il 18 e 19 Novembre #bto2010, la diretta più seguita al mondo Giovedì 18 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day ONE, la diretta più seguita al mondo il Venerdì 19 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day TWO, i minuti su Livestream.com visti dalla somma degli utenti durante il live streaming dell'evento 965.420, dibattiti, keynote e interviste registrate in Main Hall 17 ore.
A big big special thanks to Roberta Milano.
La più ammirata Monica Fabris, il più saggio Rodolfo Baggio, il miglior inglese parlato quello di Giulia Eremita, la più fastidiosa Costanza G., la più canticchiata Chaiyya Chaiyya Bollywood Joint, la più tedesca Renate Goergen, il più inglese Jerome Touze, il più americano Josiah Mackenzie, la più gradita sorpresa gli amici di Web [Travel] Marketing, quello con più tesi Gianluca Diegoli, il più gradito ritorno Patrick Landman, i più coraggiosi i 6 Speakers per un Giorno, il più diretto Claudio Velardi, i più "complicati" gli amici di Zoes.it, il più in tutto Max Ulivieri, il più e basta Marco Monty Montemagno, il più amato da tutti Paolo Iabichino aka IABicus, il più "cattivo" Roberto Frua - TripAdvisor, il più buono Max Ventimiglia, la più dolce Elena Tubaro, il più ermetico Roberto Brenner - Google, il rubino più prezioso [ per noi di BTO Educational ] Elena Grassi - Expedia, quello sempre con l'ipad Mirko Lalli, la Blogger sempre più "famosa" Nelli, il più straordinario Professor Dimitrios Buhails, il più fotografato Matteo Renzi, il più bravo tappabuchi Paolo Chiappini, i più social i Bloggers, chi c'è mancato di più il cartello We Love Internet, il più bevuto caffè quello della Casa del Moka, i più tecnici Expomeeting, i più pazienti e disponibili i ragazzi e le ragazze del Prof. Eliodoro, il più appetitoso Lo Scalco, i più straordinariamente professionali i Crews, le Training più affollate Augmendy, Zoover e Google Advanced......
Statues of Winston Churchill, David Lloyd George and Jan Smuts in Parliament Square, London. Arguably not one of them has a completely unblemished record.
Identity design for the Mermaid Oyster Bar (2010) and Mermaid Inn (2003). Design: Louise Fili and Chad Roberts. Illustrations: Anthony Russo.
Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery. It is the setting of a number of adventures in Arthurian legend, notably Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, and locals claim the tree in which the Lady of the Lake supposedly imprisoned Merlin can still be seen today. Other legendary places said to lie within the forest include the Val sans Retour, the tomb of Merlin, the Fountain of Youth, and Hotié de Vivianne (castle of the Lady of the Lake). The medieval chronicler Wace visited the forest but left disappointed:
"...I went there in search of marvels; I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."
For those living close to Paimpont, the Arthurian legend is very strong. Many names in the legend can be translated into Breton or French, for example the name Lancelot translates as "wanderer" or "vagabond" in Breton. There is also a strong influence from the Druids, and all around Brittany are standing stones or alignments, the most famous of which are nearby at Carnac; a group of the alignments at Kerlescan are nicknamed "the soldiers of Arthur."
Paimpont is a forest of broadleaf trees, oaks and beeches mainly, with areas of conifers either inside after clear-felling or on the periphery as transition with the moor, for example towards the west in the sector of Tréhorenteuc and the Val-sans-Retour (= Valley of no Return) which was devastated by several fires in particular in 1976, a year of great drought. It occupies mainly the territory of the commune of Paimpont, but extends to bordering communes, mainly Guer and Beignon in the south, Saint-Péran in the northeast, and Concoret in north. The forest of Paimpont is the largest remnant of an ancient forest occupying Argoat, the interior region of Brittany. It was more often called the forest of Brécélien, but its ancient character and other qualities underlined by many authors decided on its name of "forest of Brocéliande," tallying of the adventures of the legend of the Round Table. This flattering designation was reinforced by the birth of the Pays de Brocéliande at the end of the 20th century, an institution intended to facilitate the development of the communes of the west of the département.
The relative altitude of the forested massif contributes to give it a climate close to the oceanic climate of the coasts of Finistere. This mode, where west and south-west winds carry of clouds and regular rain supports the vegetation, dominates. The surplus of water feeds the many brooks occupying the bottoms of small valleys before flowing into the river Aff, then the Vilaine, to the area around Redon in the south of the department. The highest point is at 256 m in the western part called Haute forêt. Altitude decreases regularly while offering viewpoints towards the department of Morbihan; viewpoints which one finds the equivalents in the north on the commune of Mauron, port of the Côtes-d'Armor. It is not far from there that the Paimpont Biological Station of the University of Rennes 1, built in 1966 and 1967, dominates the lake of Chatenay. The varied forest and its surroundings constitute a framework favorable to many training courses in which the Rennes 1 biology students as well as foreign researchers take part. These buildings can accommodate approximately 70 people, and researchers work all the year on subjects generally very far away from the local biotope such as behavior of primates, represented by Cercopithecus, whose cries are familiar for the area but surprising to the walker little accustomed to this exotic fauna. The first researchers lengthily studied the ecology of the Armorican moors, the grounds, and the hydrology.
The forest belongs mainly to owners who maintain it and exploit it for timber and hunting; only in the north-eastern part, a small part (10%) is "domanial" and is managed by the National Forestry Commission. This situation prevents freedom of movement in the forest even with the access to the borough and its pond. The owners, however, signed a convention authorizing, from April 1 to the end of September, the use of some hiking trails in the forest. Among the responsibilities of the forest guards are watching for behaviors that threaten the forest, its flora, and its fauna. For example, behaviors that pose the risk of fire, and those that endanger the game, like dogs running loose. The gathering of mushrooms is not absolutely prohibited, but it is only tolerated near the approved trails. Because of its importance before the French Revolution, the forest was the responsibility of a royal jurisdiction called the National Forestry Commission, as the traditional jurisdictions of the seigneurs did not occupying itself with forest management. The wood was excessively exploited for the power supply of the charcoal blast furnaces for the nearby industry, at least in the 17th and 18th centuries; the assignment of the trees of first choice to the navy was a marginal role.
An extract of the files of the correctional court of Montfort:
"Having left the forging mills of Paimpont on Monday morning, he passed by the workshop of the carpenter who was far away from the forging mills but in the middle of the forest, he drank there with Julien Auffray his cousin and foreman of the carpenters." (Foreman of the carpenters and sawyers on contract to the naval yards elsewhere). Auffray interrogation, 1826.
The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of Great Britain, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The 12th century French poet Jean Bodel created the name in the following lines of his epic Chanson de Saisnes:
Ne sont que III matières à nul homme atandant,
De France et de Bretaigne, et de Rome la grant.
The name distinguishes and relates the Matter of Britain from the mythological themes taken from classical antiquity, the "matter of Rome", and the tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and their wars with the Moors and Saracens, which constituted the "matter of France". While Arthur is the chief subject of the Matter of Britain, other lesser-known legendary history of Great Britain, including the stories of Brutus of Britain, Old King Cole, King Lear, and Gogmagog, is also included in the Matter of Britain: see Legendary Kings of the Britons.
Legendary history of Britain
It could be said that the legendary history of Britain was created in part to form a body of patriotic myth for the island. Several agendas thus can be seen in this body of literature.
The Historia Britonum, the earliest known source of the story of Brutus of Britain, may have been devised to create a distinguished genealogy for a number of Welsh princes in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Nennius, its actual compiler is unknown; it exists in several recensions. This tale went on to achieve greater currency because its inventor linked Brutus to the diaspora of heroes that followed the Trojan War, and thus provided raw material which later mythographers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth, Michael Drayton, and John Milton could draw upon, linking the settlement of Britain to the heroic age of Greek literature, for their several and diverse literary purposes. As such, this material could be used for patriotic mythmaking just as Virgil linked the mythical founding of Rome to the Trojan War in The Æneid. Geoffrey of Monmouth also introduced the fanciful claim that the Trinovantes, reported by Tacitus as dwelling in the area of London, had a name he interpreted as Troi-novant, "New Troy".
More speculative claims link Celtic mythology with several of the rulers and incidents compiled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. It has been suggested, for instance, that Leir of Britain, who later became Shakespeare's King Lear, was originally the Welsh sea-god Llŷr (see also the Irish sea-god Lir). Various Celtic deities have been identified with characters from Arthurian literature as well: Morgan le Fay was often thought to have originally been the Welsh goddess Modron (cf. the Irish goddess Mórrígan). Many of these identifications come from the speculative comparative religion of the late 19th century, and have been questioned in more recent years.
William Shakespeare seems to have been deeply interested in the legendary history of Britain, and to have been familiar with some of its more obscure byways. Shakespeare's plays contain several tales relating to these legendary kings, such as King Lear and Cymbeline. It has been suggested that Shakespeare's Welsh schoolmaster Thomas Jenkins introduced him to this material, and perhaps directed him to read Geoffrey of Monmouth[citation needed]. These tales also figure in Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which also appears in Shakespeare's sources for Macbeth. A Welsh schoolmaster appears as the character Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Other early authors also drew from the early Arthurian and pseudo-historical sources of the Matter of Britain. The Scots, for instance, formulated a mythical history in the Picts and the Dál Riata royal lines. While they do eventually become factual lines, unlike those of Geoffrey, their origins are vague and often incorporate both aspects of mythical British history and mythical Irish history. The story of Gabhran especially incorporates elements of both those histories.
The Arthurian cycle
"Parsifal before the Castle of the Grail" - inspired by Richard Wagner's Opera Parsifal - painted in Weimar Germany 1928 by Hans Werner Schmidt (1859-1950)
The Arthurian literary cycle is the best known part of the Matter of Britain. It has succeeded largely because it tells two interlocking stories that have intrigued many later authors. One concerns Camelot, usually envisioned as a doomed utopia of chivalric virtue, undone by the fatal flaws of Arthur and Sir Lancelot. The other concerns the quests of the various knights to achieve the Holy Grail; some succeed (Galahad, Percival), and others fail (Lancelot).
The medieval tale of Arthur and his knights is full of Christian themes; those themes involve the destruction of human plans for virtue by the moral failures of their characters, and the quest for an important Christian relic. Finally, the relationships between the characters invited treatment in the tradition of courtly love, such as Lancelot and Guinevere, or Tristan and Iseult. In more recent years, the trend has been to attempt to link the tales of King Arthur and his knights with Celtic mythology, usually in highly romanticized, early twentieth century reconstructed versions.
Additionally, it is possible to read the Arthurian literature in general, and that concerned with the Grail tradition in particular, as an allegory of human development and spiritual growth (a theme explored by mythologist Joseph Campbell amongst others).
Sources wikipedia
Participants enjoy some relaxing yoga with instructor Anna at the Dowd YMCA's Taylor Swift: Reputation Party.
July 25th, 2012 marks the 10th anniversary of the opening of the XVII Commonwealth Games.
We are taking the opportunity to commemorate the occasion by uploading a selection of images taken by Greater Manchester Police’s photographers. They were on hand to record the security and policing operation but also captured a little of the wider event.
The XVII Commonwealth games which were hosted in the Greater Manchester Reagion are said to have been largest multi-sport event ever to have been held in the UK to that date.
Construction on the main stadium began in January 2000 and cost over £100 million.
The games were officially opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, then celebrating her Golden Jubilee, and a great sporting success and major boost for the region.
Thousands of tourists and members of the media flocked to the city from across the Commonwealth and the rest of the world.
Greater Manchester Police staged its largest ever planned operation to provide security for all involved and to ensure that life in the rest of the region went on as normal. The Force received much praise for its work and played its part, along with Manchester City Council and a wide range of other agencies in ensuring the reputation of Manchester was enhanced.
Visit here for more Commonwealth Games images.
To find out more about Greater Manchester Police please visit our website.
You should call 101, the new national non-emergency number, to report crime and other concerns that do not require an emergency response.
Always call 999 in an emergency, such as when a crime is in progress, violence is being used or threatened or where there is danger to life.
You can also call anonymously with information about crime to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111. Crimestoppers is an independent charity who will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.
Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery. It is the setting of a number of adventures in Arthurian legend, notably Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, and locals claim the tree in which the Lady of the Lake supposedly imprisoned Merlin can still be seen today. Other legendary places said to lie within the forest include the Val sans Retour, the tomb of Merlin, the Fountain of Youth, and Hotié de Vivianne (castle of the Lady of the Lake). The medieval chronicler Wace visited the forest but left disappointed:
"...I went there in search of marvels; I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."
For those living close to Paimpont, the Arthurian legend is very strong. Many names in the legend can be translated into Breton or French, for example the name Lancelot translates as "wanderer" or "vagabond" in Breton. There is also a strong influence from the Druids, and all around Brittany are standing stones or alignments, the most famous of which are nearby at Carnac; a group of the alignments at Kerlescan are nicknamed "the soldiers of Arthur."
Paimpont is a forest of broadleaf trees, oaks and beeches mainly, with areas of conifers either inside after clear-felling or on the periphery as transition with the moor, for example towards the west in the sector of Tréhorenteuc and the Val-sans-Retour (= Valley of no Return) which was devastated by several fires in particular in 1976, a year of great drought. It occupies mainly the territory of the commune of Paimpont, but extends to bordering communes, mainly Guer and Beignon in the south, Saint-Péran in the northeast, and Concoret in north. The forest of Paimpont is the largest remnant of an ancient forest occupying Argoat, the interior region of Brittany. It was more often called the forest of Brécélien, but its ancient character and other qualities underlined by many authors decided on its name of "forest of Brocéliande," tallying of the adventures of the legend of the Round Table. This flattering designation was reinforced by the birth of the Pays de Brocéliande at the end of the 20th century, an institution intended to facilitate the development of the communes of the west of the département.
The relative altitude of the forested massif contributes to give it a climate close to the oceanic climate of the coasts of Finistere. This mode, where west and south-west winds carry of clouds and regular rain supports the vegetation, dominates. The surplus of water feeds the many brooks occupying the bottoms of small valleys before flowing into the river Aff, then the Vilaine, to the area around Redon in the south of the department. The highest point is at 256 m in the western part called Haute forêt. Altitude decreases regularly while offering viewpoints towards the department of Morbihan; viewpoints which one finds the equivalents in the north on the commune of Mauron, port of the Côtes-d'Armor. It is not far from there that the Paimpont Biological Station of the University of Rennes 1, built in 1966 and 1967, dominates the lake of Chatenay. The varied forest and its surroundings constitute a framework favorable to many training courses in which the Rennes 1 biology students as well as foreign researchers take part. These buildings can accommodate approximately 70 people, and researchers work all the year on subjects generally very far away from the local biotope such as behavior of primates, represented by Cercopithecus, whose cries are familiar for the area but surprising to the walker little accustomed to this exotic fauna. The first researchers lengthily studied the ecology of the Armorican moors, the grounds, and the hydrology.
The forest belongs mainly to owners who maintain it and exploit it for timber and hunting; only in the north-eastern part, a small part (10%) is "domanial" and is managed by the National Forestry Commission. This situation prevents freedom of movement in the forest even with the access to the borough and its pond. The owners, however, signed a convention authorizing, from April 1 to the end of September, the use of some hiking trails in the forest. Among the responsibilities of the forest guards are watching for behaviors that threaten the forest, its flora, and its fauna. For example, behaviors that pose the risk of fire, and those that endanger the game, like dogs running loose. The gathering of mushrooms is not absolutely prohibited, but it is only tolerated near the approved trails. Because of its importance before the French Revolution, the forest was the responsibility of a royal jurisdiction called the National Forestry Commission, as the traditional jurisdictions of the seigneurs did not occupying itself with forest management. The wood was excessively exploited for the power supply of the charcoal blast furnaces for the nearby industry, at least in the 17th and 18th centuries; the assignment of the trees of first choice to the navy was a marginal role.
An extract of the files of the correctional court of Montfort:
"Having left the forging mills of Paimpont on Monday morning, he passed by the workshop of the carpenter who was far away from the forging mills but in the middle of the forest, he drank there with Julien Auffray his cousin and foreman of the carpenters." (Foreman of the carpenters and sawyers on contract to the naval yards elsewhere). Auffray interrogation, 1826.
The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of Great Britain, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The 12th century French poet Jean Bodel created the name in the following lines of his epic Chanson de Saisnes:
Ne sont que III matières à nul homme atandant,
De France et de Bretaigne, et de Rome la grant.
The name distinguishes and relates the Matter of Britain from the mythological themes taken from classical antiquity, the "matter of Rome", and the tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and their wars with the Moors and Saracens, which constituted the "matter of France". While Arthur is the chief subject of the Matter of Britain, other lesser-known legendary history of Great Britain, including the stories of Brutus of Britain, Old King Cole, King Lear, and Gogmagog, is also included in the Matter of Britain: see Legendary Kings of the Britons.
Legendary history of Britain
It could be said that the legendary history of Britain was created in part to form a body of patriotic myth for the island. Several agendas thus can be seen in this body of literature.
The Historia Britonum, the earliest known source of the story of Brutus of Britain, may have been devised to create a distinguished genealogy for a number of Welsh princes in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Nennius, its actual compiler is unknown; it exists in several recensions. This tale went on to achieve greater currency because its inventor linked Brutus to the diaspora of heroes that followed the Trojan War, and thus provided raw material which later mythographers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth, Michael Drayton, and John Milton could draw upon, linking the settlement of Britain to the heroic age of Greek literature, for their several and diverse literary purposes. As such, this material could be used for patriotic mythmaking just as Virgil linked the mythical founding of Rome to the Trojan War in The Æneid. Geoffrey of Monmouth also introduced the fanciful claim that the Trinovantes, reported by Tacitus as dwelling in the area of London, had a name he interpreted as Troi-novant, "New Troy".
More speculative claims link Celtic mythology with several of the rulers and incidents compiled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. It has been suggested, for instance, that Leir of Britain, who later became Shakespeare's King Lear, was originally the Welsh sea-god Llŷr (see also the Irish sea-god Lir). Various Celtic deities have been identified with characters from Arthurian literature as well: Morgan le Fay was often thought to have originally been the Welsh goddess Modron (cf. the Irish goddess Mórrígan). Many of these identifications come from the speculative comparative religion of the late 19th century, and have been questioned in more recent years.
William Shakespeare seems to have been deeply interested in the legendary history of Britain, and to have been familiar with some of its more obscure byways. Shakespeare's plays contain several tales relating to these legendary kings, such as King Lear and Cymbeline. It has been suggested that Shakespeare's Welsh schoolmaster Thomas Jenkins introduced him to this material, and perhaps directed him to read Geoffrey of Monmouth[citation needed]. These tales also figure in Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which also appears in Shakespeare's sources for Macbeth. A Welsh schoolmaster appears as the character Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Other early authors also drew from the early Arthurian and pseudo-historical sources of the Matter of Britain. The Scots, for instance, formulated a mythical history in the Picts and the Dál Riata royal lines. While they do eventually become factual lines, unlike those of Geoffrey, their origins are vague and often incorporate both aspects of mythical British history and mythical Irish history. The story of Gabhran especially incorporates elements of both those histories.
The Arthurian cycle
"Parsifal before the Castle of the Grail" - inspired by Richard Wagner's Opera Parsifal - painted in Weimar Germany 1928 by Hans Werner Schmidt (1859-1950)
The Arthurian literary cycle is the best known part of the Matter of Britain. It has succeeded largely because it tells two interlocking stories that have intrigued many later authors. One concerns Camelot, usually envisioned as a doomed utopia of chivalric virtue, undone by the fatal flaws of Arthur and Sir Lancelot. The other concerns the quests of the various knights to achieve the Holy Grail; some succeed (Galahad, Percival), and others fail (Lancelot).
The medieval tale of Arthur and his knights is full of Christian themes; those themes involve the destruction of human plans for virtue by the moral failures of their characters, and the quest for an important Christian relic. Finally, the relationships between the characters invited treatment in the tradition of courtly love, such as Lancelot and Guinevere, or Tristan and Iseult. In more recent years, the trend has been to attempt to link the tales of King Arthur and his knights with Celtic mythology, usually in highly romanticized, early twentieth century reconstructed versions.
Additionally, it is possible to read the Arthurian literature in general, and that concerned with the Grail tradition in particular, as an allegory of human development and spiritual growth (a theme explored by mythologist Joseph Campbell amongst others).
Sources wikipedia
Although quiet and peaceful today Norham Castle, on the Northumberland borders of England and Scotland, has the reputation for being one of the most fought-over buildings in the UK with a suggested 13 sieges during its long history. It had long been on my ‘to do’ list.
At various times it was under the control of the palatine Bishops of Durham or the current king with its importance being its command of a major crossing point over the River Tweed and thus the approaches into England and the bishops’ northern lands.
It was first built in 1121 by Bishop Ranulf Flambard but it was captured by the Scots as soon as 1136, returned and then captured again in 1138. In 1209 King John and the Scots King William the Lion met here but that Scots king’s son, Alexander II, besieged it for 40 days unsuccessfully in 1215. English King Edward I, the ‘hammer of the Scots’ met Scots King John Balliol here in 1292. During the 14th century the Scots invaded several times but did not always attack Norham - they swerved around it.
The Scots unsuccessfully besieged it in 1318 for nearly a year and, despite getting into the outer ward, were driven out three days later. In the 15th century Norham was involved in the so-called Wars of the Roses and changed hands. The Scots largely stayed out of these wars but an unsuccessful Scots attack in 1497 saw much damage including the use of the famous Mons Meg 20-inch calibre bombard which is now housed in Edinburgh Castle.
For the 1513 Flodden campaign Norham came under a concentrated assault and was very badly damaged and finally captured. This led to an extensive Tudor rebuilding of the outer walls on all sides incorporating artillery embrasures and extensive revetment with earth on both the outside and inside. This earth was more resilient than stone to artillery. Norham continued to feature in cross-border warfare and skirmishes.There was a dusk gunfight in October of 1597 at the neighbouring ford. By 1574 it was already showing signs of decay with ships masts being used to prop up some ceilings.
As it stands today the first thing the visitor sees is the great medieval keep standing on a mount within two wards or baileys. The walls are ruinous and have been the subject of much stone robbing in antiquity but it is still possible to see how imposing it would have been in its prime. The gun embrasures on the north-western side fire directly across the Tweed to the Scottish shore. The castle is protected by a deep natural ravine to the east and north-east which drops into the Tweed with deep dry ditches on the other sides.
The original main gatehouse faced the river crossing to the west and was improved by a barbican and portcullis in medieval times. But this gate may have been a weak point. It was later partially blocked - converting to foot traffic or a sally port - with a more secure entrance facing south and flanked by copious artillery. Indeed the outer ward walls were almost completely rebuilt for artillery in the early 16th century with very little medieval material remaining visible.
The red stone keep is partly collapsed but appears to have gone through at least three stages of expansion and improvement including - at one stage - having one end demolished and rebuilt with a new circular stairwell. It is possible to see the divide between the old and new material when viewing from the south. While now free to enter my only gripe was that the lack of a site office meant no opportunity to buy a guide book but I eventually found one at another English Heritage site. There are good ‘interpretation’ boards on site but these will never replace a good guide book.
Conferenza Organizzata dal Rotaract Club Faenza sulla digital reputation all'Istituto di Sant'Umiltà - Sabato 27 Aprile 2013
The background is meant to hint at reflections of identity (it is me, taking the photo) and how online identities can be out of focus, or blurred.
Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery. It is the setting of a number of adventures in Arthurian legend, notably Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, and locals claim the tree in which the Lady of the Lake supposedly imprisoned Merlin can still be seen today. Other legendary places said to lie within the forest include the Val sans Retour, the tomb of Merlin, the Fountain of Youth, and Hotié de Vivianne (castle of the Lady of the Lake). The medieval chronicler Wace visited the forest but left disappointed:
"...I went there in search of marvels; I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."
For those living close to Paimpont, the Arthurian legend is very strong. Many names in the legend can be translated into Breton or French, for example the name Lancelot translates as "wanderer" or "vagabond" in Breton. There is also a strong influence from the Druids, and all around Brittany are standing stones or alignments, the most famous of which are nearby at Carnac; a group of the alignments at Kerlescan are nicknamed "the soldiers of Arthur."
Paimpont is a forest of broadleaf trees, oaks and beeches mainly, with areas of conifers either inside after clear-felling or on the periphery as transition with the moor, for example towards the west in the sector of Tréhorenteuc and the Val-sans-Retour (= Valley of no Return) which was devastated by several fires in particular in 1976, a year of great drought. It occupies mainly the territory of the commune of Paimpont, but extends to bordering communes, mainly Guer and Beignon in the south, Saint-Péran in the northeast, and Concoret in north. The forest of Paimpont is the largest remnant of an ancient forest occupying Argoat, the interior region of Brittany. It was more often called the forest of Brécélien, but its ancient character and other qualities underlined by many authors decided on its name of "forest of Brocéliande," tallying of the adventures of the legend of the Round Table. This flattering designation was reinforced by the birth of the Pays de Brocéliande at the end of the 20th century, an institution intended to facilitate the development of the communes of the west of the département.
The relative altitude of the forested massif contributes to give it a climate close to the oceanic climate of the coasts of Finistere. This mode, where west and south-west winds carry of clouds and regular rain supports the vegetation, dominates. The surplus of water feeds the many brooks occupying the bottoms of small valleys before flowing into the river Aff, then the Vilaine, to the area around Redon in the south of the department. The highest point is at 256 m in the western part called Haute forêt. Altitude decreases regularly while offering viewpoints towards the department of Morbihan; viewpoints which one finds the equivalents in the north on the commune of Mauron, port of the Côtes-d'Armor. It is not far from there that the Paimpont Biological Station of the University of Rennes 1, built in 1966 and 1967, dominates the lake of Chatenay. The varied forest and its surroundings constitute a framework favorable to many training courses in which the Rennes 1 biology students as well as foreign researchers take part. These buildings can accommodate approximately 70 people, and researchers work all the year on subjects generally very far away from the local biotope such as behavior of primates, represented by Cercopithecus, whose cries are familiar for the area but surprising to the walker little accustomed to this exotic fauna. The first researchers lengthily studied the ecology of the Armorican moors, the grounds, and the hydrology.
The forest belongs mainly to owners who maintain it and exploit it for timber and hunting; only in the north-eastern part, a small part (10%) is "domanial" and is managed by the National Forestry Commission. This situation prevents freedom of movement in the forest even with the access to the borough and its pond. The owners, however, signed a convention authorizing, from April 1 to the end of September, the use of some hiking trails in the forest. Among the responsibilities of the forest guards are watching for behaviors that threaten the forest, its flora, and its fauna. For example, behaviors that pose the risk of fire, and those that endanger the game, like dogs running loose. The gathering of mushrooms is not absolutely prohibited, but it is only tolerated near the approved trails. Because of its importance before the French Revolution, the forest was the responsibility of a royal jurisdiction called the National Forestry Commission, as the traditional jurisdictions of the seigneurs did not occupying itself with forest management. The wood was excessively exploited for the power supply of the charcoal blast furnaces for the nearby industry, at least in the 17th and 18th centuries; the assignment of the trees of first choice to the navy was a marginal role.
An extract of the files of the correctional court of Montfort:
"Having left the forging mills of Paimpont on Monday morning, he passed by the workshop of the carpenter who was far away from the forging mills but in the middle of the forest, he drank there with Julien Auffray his cousin and foreman of the carpenters." (Foreman of the carpenters and sawyers on contract to the naval yards elsewhere). Auffray interrogation, 1826.
The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of Great Britain, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The 12th century French poet Jean Bodel created the name in the following lines of his epic Chanson de Saisnes:
Ne sont que III matières à nul homme atandant,
De France et de Bretaigne, et de Rome la grant.
The name distinguishes and relates the Matter of Britain from the mythological themes taken from classical antiquity, the "matter of Rome", and the tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and their wars with the Moors and Saracens, which constituted the "matter of France". While Arthur is the chief subject of the Matter of Britain, other lesser-known legendary history of Great Britain, including the stories of Brutus of Britain, Old King Cole, King Lear, and Gogmagog, is also included in the Matter of Britain: see Legendary Kings of the Britons.
Legendary history of Britain
It could be said that the legendary history of Britain was created in part to form a body of patriotic myth for the island. Several agendas thus can be seen in this body of literature.
The Historia Britonum, the earliest known source of the story of Brutus of Britain, may have been devised to create a distinguished genealogy for a number of Welsh princes in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Nennius, its actual compiler is unknown; it exists in several recensions. This tale went on to achieve greater currency because its inventor linked Brutus to the diaspora of heroes that followed the Trojan War, and thus provided raw material which later mythographers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth, Michael Drayton, and John Milton could draw upon, linking the settlement of Britain to the heroic age of Greek literature, for their several and diverse literary purposes. As such, this material could be used for patriotic mythmaking just as Virgil linked the mythical founding of Rome to the Trojan War in The Æneid. Geoffrey of Monmouth also introduced the fanciful claim that the Trinovantes, reported by Tacitus as dwelling in the area of London, had a name he interpreted as Troi-novant, "New Troy".
More speculative claims link Celtic mythology with several of the rulers and incidents compiled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. It has been suggested, for instance, that Leir of Britain, who later became Shakespeare's King Lear, was originally the Welsh sea-god Llŷr (see also the Irish sea-god Lir). Various Celtic deities have been identified with characters from Arthurian literature as well: Morgan le Fay was often thought to have originally been the Welsh goddess Modron (cf. the Irish goddess Mórrígan). Many of these identifications come from the speculative comparative religion of the late 19th century, and have been questioned in more recent years.
William Shakespeare seems to have been deeply interested in the legendary history of Britain, and to have been familiar with some of its more obscure byways. Shakespeare's plays contain several tales relating to these legendary kings, such as King Lear and Cymbeline. It has been suggested that Shakespeare's Welsh schoolmaster Thomas Jenkins introduced him to this material, and perhaps directed him to read Geoffrey of Monmouth[citation needed]. These tales also figure in Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which also appears in Shakespeare's sources for Macbeth. A Welsh schoolmaster appears as the character Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Other early authors also drew from the early Arthurian and pseudo-historical sources of the Matter of Britain. The Scots, for instance, formulated a mythical history in the Picts and the Dál Riata royal lines. While they do eventually become factual lines, unlike those of Geoffrey, their origins are vague and often incorporate both aspects of mythical British history and mythical Irish history. The story of Gabhran especially incorporates elements of both those histories.
The Arthurian cycle
"Parsifal before the Castle of the Grail" - inspired by Richard Wagner's Opera Parsifal - painted in Weimar Germany 1928 by Hans Werner Schmidt (1859-1950)
The Arthurian literary cycle is the best known part of the Matter of Britain. It has succeeded largely because it tells two interlocking stories that have intrigued many later authors. One concerns Camelot, usually envisioned as a doomed utopia of chivalric virtue, undone by the fatal flaws of Arthur and Sir Lancelot. The other concerns the quests of the various knights to achieve the Holy Grail; some succeed (Galahad, Percival), and others fail (Lancelot).
The medieval tale of Arthur and his knights is full of Christian themes; those themes involve the destruction of human plans for virtue by the moral failures of their characters, and the quest for an important Christian relic. Finally, the relationships between the characters invited treatment in the tradition of courtly love, such as Lancelot and Guinevere, or Tristan and Iseult. In more recent years, the trend has been to attempt to link the tales of King Arthur and his knights with Celtic mythology, usually in highly romanticized, early twentieth century reconstructed versions.
Additionally, it is possible to read the Arthurian literature in general, and that concerned with the Grail tradition in particular, as an allegory of human development and spiritual growth (a theme explored by mythologist Joseph Campbell amongst others).
Sources wikipedia
Volvo has long had a reputation for cars that are at the apex of safety innovation. For decades though, this safety was wrapped up in a brick. Enough so, that you’d be forgiven for thinking that Volvos could never have been sexy. If there is one car though, that can dispel that myth on its own, it would be the P1800 Coupe of 1961.
The shape could easily be forgiven as a classic Italian GT, and indeed, Swede Pelle Petterson, designer of the P1800 was mentored by Pietro Frua of Ghia.
The P1800 had a relatively long life, production ceasing in 1973. Nearing the end of its production cycle, it received a additional body style, the ES, which was configured as a Shooting-Brake (a 2-door wagon). The variant had its origins in two concepts by Coggiola and Frua, though they were each considered to be too futuristic, and in-house designer Jan Wilsgaard’s proposal, known as the Beach Car was put into production.
Though quirky, the P1800 ES lines would be strongly echoed on both the Volvo 480 of 1986 and the C30 of 2006. The featured glass tailgate being particularly prominent.
We're back at the Monaco Ballroom on Friday December 12th for the final show of 2008!! Make sure you make it to see how the year's feuds end at this season ending super show - GPW: "Christmas Crunch"
We promise we wont crunch your credit.... we'll only crunch your Christmas!!
GPW Heavyweight Title Match
Bubblegum © vs. Dirk Feelgood
Just a few months ago you'd be forgiven for taking a double take at this match. The friendship between the two former friends totally imploded with the desire to become Heavyweight champion. Refusing to accept the demise of his friendship with Dirk Feelgood, Bubblegum spent months in turmoil not wanting to retaliate to the cutting comments and brutal attacks levelled his way by former friend and champion Feelgood. As time went by however, Bubblegum eventually unloaded on Feelgood but this will be the first time the two have ever come face to face in a one on one match. And to make things just a little more interesting... it's for the GPW Heavyweight Title. Can the fairytale championship reign continue for Bubblegum, or can Dirk shatter his dreams and become the first ever 2 time Heavyweight Champ?
Tag Team Special, Skeletor vs. Stella
Lethal Dose vs. Voodoo & "Sober" Mike Holmes
Alan Alan Alan Tasker's henchmen, Lethal Dose march into battle against former stable member Mike Holmes and the man they hold responsible for Holmes' new found sobriety - Voodoo. Cyanide and Toxic hope to tempt Holmes back over to the stable that two months ago he turned his back on. They want to snap him out of the spell they accuse Voodoo of putting him under. However, Holmes seems very happy with his new outlook on life and he and Voodoo look to send Lethal Dose packing in this tag team special. Lethal Dose have warned they will not be coming to the ring alone though, with them along with their attorney and law - Alan Alan Alan Tasker will be a 12 pack of Stella. Hoping the case of beer will prove to be a bigger demon to Holmes than the tag team itself. To fend off the 12 pack, Holmes and Voodoo will have Vooodoo's trusty skull, Skeletor in their corner. An unpredictable tag team match. Can MIke Holmes stay sober? Will Voodoo's spells work? Or will Lethal Dose deliver a beating big enough to break Voodoo's spell?
GPW British Title Match
Jak Dominotrescu vs. "Super" Sam Bailey
After pinning the British Champion last month in a tag team match, WKD's "Super" Sam Bailey has earned himself a title shot at GPW: "Christmas Crunch". Bailey, already a former tag team champion looks to add to his growing reputation by capturing his first ever singles gold in GPW. While reigning champion, Romanian Jak Domitrescu along with his cohorts - The Eastern Bloc look to make life as difficult as possible for the energetic live wire. Domitrescu has held onto the title since April this year with help from his fellow countrymen, but are his days numbered as champ? He surely wont be alone in this title outing and will have the Eastern Bloc close by, but can "Super" Sam Bailey overcome the odds to win his first singles gold in GPW?
And, the main event for the evening is...
GPW Tag Team Title 2/3 Falls Match
MIl-Anfield Connection © vs. Young Offenders
The heat just got turned up in this feud. The re-united Young Offenders have the most established tag team in GPW - The Mil-Anfield Connection firmly in their sights and not to mention the tag team trophy. These two teams met in September this year where there was no clear winner decided after the match ended in a draw. There will be NO excuses this time to not find a winner. This, for the first time in our history will be a 2/3 Falls Match for the tag team titles. A winner HAS to be decided, but who will it be? A truley epic encounter is in our midst as Jiggy Walker & "The Model" Danny Hope try to cling onto the championship that has defined them as a team and "Dangerous" Damon Leigh & Joey Hayes, The Young Offenders chase the title that one of the most popular tag teams in Europe have never held. Can the re-united friends overcome the well established unit that is The Mil-Anfield Connection? Or can the well oiled duo of the Mil-Anfield do what they've been doing all year and win again?
GPW British Title No.1 Contenders Match
Harry Doogle vs. Juice vs. Dylan Roberts vs. Chris Echo
After an eye catchingly good year from rookie Dylan Roberts, he has been included in this battle to earn a shot at the British Title. With a burning desire to win and the fans firmly behind him, Roberts could well mark his arrival onto the main roster by becoming the No.1 Contender and going for gold here. However, his opponents wont give him an easy ride. In a wonderful CC-08 tournament, no one impressed more than WKD's Chris Echo. Echo reached the CC-08 finals with two broken wrists and proved he is ready to take a step up. His previous attempts for British gold have been thwarted by the foreign legion numbers of the Eastern Bloc, is he ready to prove again that he is worthy of being No.1 Contender and finally lift the British title? Juice, the current CC8 champion has been as impressive as ever in singles competition this year, but can he compete in this match with 3 others all vying to be No.1 Contender? Also replacing Jervis Cottonbelly due to injury is Harry Doogle as a last minute entry could one half of the next gen score the upset win? , but with so many possible outcomes who will leave with the plaudits and go on to challenge for the British Title next year?
Lumberjack Match
Si Valour vs. Heresy
A violent and personal feud that has lasted all year long finally comes to a head in what promises to be a violent Lumberjack Match. Ever since brutalising Valour and cutting off all his hair, Heresy has, in some form or other dodged the challenge of Valour. Heresy claimed not to have lost his bottle or be running scared of the 2007 Break Out Star, yet during their Bull Rope clash at GPW: "V" where the two were tied to one another, Heresy still managed to find a way of escaping and creating distance between him and Valour. This time, in a special Lumberjack Match, no matter where either man go - there will be no escape. All lumberjacks will be at the ready to ensure neither man can escape the others clutches and a clear winner, one way or the other will HAVE to be decided. There will be nowhere to run to and nowhere to hide, no matter where they look. Heresy has been one step ahead of Valour all year, is this where he runs out of excuses, or can the master manipulator manipulate another win?
Sri Lanka's Foreign Service is one of the oldest public sector institutions in the country. It was initially headed by the Prime Minister and later by a Foreign Minister. It has long been a glamourous career option for the best and the brightest.
The Foreign Service has, in the past, earned a reputation for performing well in defending and advancing the country's interests overseas. However, whether it has continued to maintain this reputation has come into question in recent times.
The qualities of its cadres may have become uneven, political appointees may not have lived up to expectations and some may not even have realised the need to reflect the rapidly changing requirements of the country. It has produced many success stories, some of its silent achievers have retired gracefully after a life time of valiant service to the country, while a few have ventured further to bring credit to their country in the multilateral arena.
However, whether there is a uniform commitment to serve in the face of the multifarious challenges among all its staff is questionable.
As we advance into the 21st century, in an intensely complex international and domestic environment, the challenges confronting the Foreign Service today are daunting. The country will quite rightly demand more of this service. It is a costly ministry and should not be considered to be a cushy retirement option, as some have done or merely an opportunity to educate their children.
Terrorism has become a global threat and has become every country's nightmare. Sri Lanka has also been confronted by a ruthless terrorist group for over two decades, even as the country tugs at its reins to advance economically and socially. Terrorism's multi-dimensional, political and socio-economic threat requires a constantly vigilant response in the multilateral and bilateral spheres.
Primarily, the challenge to our diplomats is to ensure that there is no compromise permitted in the global commitment to the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Sri Lanka. No subtle relaxation of the world's vigilance should be permitted, enabling a quiet life-line to be thrown to the LTTE.
Likewise, there would be no recognition for any level of parity between Sri Lanka and the terrorist, LTTE. In this, the endeavours of the Foreign Service have been successful. Every effort to damage our standing, with implications to the economy, needs to be countered proactively. The LTTE and its sympathizers tend to dominate the Sri Lankan Tamil population, and purport to represent it, particularly those living in the West, even though many may not willingly acknowledge the hegemony of the LTTE. This is a force that the LTTE deploys effectively and that needs to be constantly engaged, proactively. The propaganda war will require our diplomats to engage local decision makers, lobby groups, including NGOs, media, and importantly, the pro-Sri Lankan diaspora.
The LTTE has over the years sought to create a negative impression of Sri Lanka with the objective of disrupting aid flows, tourism, foreign investment and perceptions of the country overseas. Sri Lanka's real and perceived failings tend to get highlighted to a far greater extent than those of other countries. Like all other terrorist groups before and contemporary, the importance of destabilizing the Sri Lankan state economically has not been lost on the LTTE. It is incumbent on the Foreign Service to continue in its efforts to meet this challenge. Increasingly, public diplomacy will play a critical role in its work as the need to reach out to a broader audience, including non-governmental groups becomes critical. In many Western countries, community groups and NGOs exercise critical influence on public policy formulation, making it essential for our diplomats to reach out to these entities. Sri Lanka must continue to identify its interest with the global effort to eliminate the scourge of terrorism and build on commonalities with regional and global partners.
There are many seasoned officers in the Foreign Service who have confronted the LTTE and its legions of sympathizers over the years. Some of these LTTE sympathizers may simply be misguided into seeing innocent liberators forgetting the history of ceaseless killings of civilians, ethnic cleansing, suicide bombings targeting civilians, eliminating moderate Tamils etc. The LTTE pioneered the technique of massively deploying suicide bombers to terrorise political leaders and civilians. It is also important to ensure that the democratic world is not lulled into forgetting through clever propaganda, that Sri Lanka is Asia's oldest democracy and continues to be one. Its judiciary commands enormous respect.
There will be a continuing requirement to identify with democratic forces in the world and to ensure support for Sri Lanka as it seeks to strengthen democracy and consolidate its institutions, including the rule of law, in the face of the challenge posed by a ruthless terrorist group. The success in the Eastern elections must be exploited to the maximum.
Our consistent effort must be to emphasise the strengthening of our own institutions. The world cannot be allowed to ignore Sri Lanka's commitment to achieving and even surpassing the millennium development goals, remaining a high achiever on the UN Human Development Index and providing education and health services, infrastructure facilities and government services to the areas left under LTTE control pursuant to the now defunct CFA.
The contemporary Foreign Service must also be very much focused on the country's economic priorities. Historically, a trading nation, much admired by other trading nations, Sri Lanka' needs a continuous flow of investments, expanded trade and tourism for it to realise its true potential. It is also important to reinvigorate the centuries old tradition of trading, hospitality and wealth creation.
Today, the country's potential remains largely underutilized. The terrorist threat is a continuing dampener of economic enthusiasm. But opportunities are there and need to be marketed. A few examples come to mind. It is a significant supplier of apparel to lucrative Western niche markets but in global terms, remains a relatively small player. There is every possibility for capitalising on the hard work done and the excellent reputation earned by the pioneers in order to attract other top end industry players and customers. As often repeated, manufacturing and assembling industries could be encouraged to benefit from our strategic location, the pool of flexible and educated labour, the easy investment regime and bilateral trade agreements, particularly with the booming Indian sub-continent.
The vast Indian Ocean at our door step remains an immense resource waiting to be better utilised. Tourism could do with more international players, especially at the top end. Our culture, the history, the natural beauty, almost predictable weather and above all, our friendly people are the envy of other countries striving to develop their own tourist industries. Natural resources could be better exploited to improve the standards of living of our people. Against this backdrop, it becomes the responsibility of the Foreign Service to be actively engaged in encouraging inward investments and developing trade against the backdrop of our liberalised economy in collaboration with the responsible line ministries. A country that had been a trading hub for over two thousand years and with a history of having attracted traders from far away as Rome, Greece, Egypt and China should find the resources within itself, to reinvigorate its trading roots. The exaggerated size of Sri Lanka in Ptolemy's map of the world millennia ago indicates the importance ascribed to this land in distant Alexandria. It is interesting to note that many countries, e.g. New Zealand, Canada, Australia, have amalgamated the departments of Foreign Affairs and Trade to benefit from the obvious synergies.
Sri Lanka has been confronted by a barrage of accusations on human rights issues. Human rights is as important to democratic Sri Lanka as it is to any other country despite the paucity of institutional resources and the inherent drawbacks of a developing country. Alleged lapses in our standards, compounded by the ever present threat of terrorism and the shortcomings in our resource levels and technical infrastructure, make us the target of a well orchestrated tide of criticism.
In a world where human rights have sadly become a convenient political football, developing countries tend to be subjected to standards of scrutiny which are not always applied even to far more developed countries with more sophisticated support bases. The Foreign Service knows that while we may need assistance in improving standards, what we do not need are sanctimonious sermons from self seeking prophets who may have discovered human rights in the aftermath of recent egregious violations in their own country. Ours is an intrinsically caring and compassionate society where deep sentiments of respect for the fellow being existed long before many of our critics discovered human rights. As the President so aptly articulated this sentiment at the recent SAARC summit; "Human Rights were an inherent part of our culture before its discovery by some others in the aftermath of bloody global wars and the deaths of innocent millions caused by misguided philosophies".
While we must never shirk in our efforts to protect the rights of our fellow beings, and seek the company of those who do, we must also not permit recent converts to the cause opportunities to preach from the pulpit.
Advancing and consolidating existing relationships and developing new ones is a task that is natural to the Foreign Service. Our own region must be a critical focus and India, with the advantage of deep seated historical, religious, cultural and increasingly significant economic links must be central to our approach. The booming bilateral economic links, trade, investment, tourism, etc., add substance to the relationship. While the plethora of existing ties and the common democratic tradition might make the task of relationship building seem easy, the complexities of domestic political reality requires continuing attention on the part of both countries. Increasingly, Sri Lanka must focus on the Tamil Nadu factor. The South Asian region will demand continuing high level focus from the Foreign Service and the galloping economies of our neighbours will demand our attention. We stand to benefit extensively from the very fact of being part of the region with the necessary adjustments to our priorities. Our links with all our neighbours need constant and considered care. Pakistan, a critical friend and a source of military hardware needs constant attention.
Greater attention needs to be paid to understand Pakistan's culture and politics. The long standing cultural and religious ties with China now acquire a wider dimension due to its burgeoning economy which has confounded critics, skeptics and well-wishers alike. They are also a key supplier of military hardware and a source of investment. The firm relationship with Japan could be further strengthened in the cultural, religious and economic areas. Increasingly, large numbers of Sri Lankan youth are looking east for their education and employment. This development must be encouraged and further opportunities created. On the whole, Sri Lanka will benefit further from strengthening its ties in the SAARC, ASEAN and East Asian regions. The existing historical cultural and religious ties will be a good spring board for this.
Our Buddhist heritage, long neglected in our international relations, gives us unprecedented access to many of the countries of the region, which could assist our efforts to curtail LTTE money laundering and arms procurement. With little effort, we should be able to convert casual relations to reliable alliances. In global fora, Sri Lanka must continue to identify with issues of common concern such as terrorism, human rights, the environment, respect for the UN Charter, etc.
At a time when many suspect the motives of multilateral agencies, the Foreign Ministry must seek to allay unreasonable fears and develop effective linkages.
The Middle East is the temporary home for over 1,000,000 Sri Lankans and the source of over USD 2.7 billion in foreign earnings. While fostering our traditional links with the region, every effort must be made to encourage increased trade, two way investments and tourism, while ensuring that our citizens, temporarily resident abroad receive adequate protection from our Missions. Inward tourists from the Middle East have continued to grow in number. The country has enjoyed constantly good relations with Europe and the United States. However, for too long these relationships have been characterized by a dependence on development assistance. Sri Lanka has graduated to the status of a middle income country, and greater effort will need to be placed on strengthening our contacts on the basis of shared global values, intensified trade and investment, interaction between people and on the cultural and religious heritage that Sri Lanka can share.
Our relationships must never be based on dependence or create perceptions of inferiority.
A significant but inadequately utilized resource for the country is the large number of its citizens scattered around the world. Some left these shores, lured by the challenge of succeeding in a different environment, others sought greener pastures and yet others left in unhappier circumstances. All of them can be made partners in a forward looking, confident and advancing Sri Lanka. The attraction would not only be the old home in a charming village but also the prospect of participating in making Sri Lanka a better place for all its people and for its sons and daughters scattered around the world, the economic potential for success and the obvious joys of life on an island in the sun.
The Foreign Service will face these challenges in its efforts to advance the goals of the government. A Government's policy of only rewarding those who produce results and not those who claim rewards on the basis of longevity and personal need or patronage will facilitate this.
by Maurice de Tallyrand
(March 26, Colombo, Sri Lanka Guardian
The Vienna Imperial Hotel is a hotel in Vienna and one of the most striking buildings along the Ring road (Ringstraße). It is located on Kärntner Ring 16 in the 1st district of Vienna. It is part of the Luxury Collection of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide.
History
As a palace at the Ringstrasse, it built in the years 1862-1865 after plans of architect Arnold Zenetti under the direction of master builder Heinrich Adam in the style of the Italian Neo-Renaissance for duke Philipp of Württemberg. In the interior rooms single architectural elements are clad in stone: as for the pillars of the great hall it is Carrara marble, the pilasters in the ballroom have layers of yellow marble Giallo di Siena, wall surfaces and pillars of artificial marble. In the grand staircase consist wall surfaces, balustrades, great pillars of artificial marble, the stair steps are made of Emperor stone (Kaiserstein), the hard light yellow alga limestone from Kaisersteinbruch (quarry). On the platform of the stairs stands the sculpture "Donauweibchen" (Danube Maiden) by Hanns Gasser.
The duke lived in the palace with his wife, born archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, since 1866, but sold it yet in 1871 to the banker Horace von Landau. Perhaps it was no longer of interest to the duke as a residence after the new Wiener Musikverein had obstructed the free sight to the Vienna River and a road blocked the access to the park. But the duchess, too, in the Palais never felt at ease.
Presumably, the palace was purchased by a group of investors because the architect William Gross transformed it to the hotel. On April 28, 1873, the new hotel was inaugurated in the presence of the emperor Franz Joseph and empress Elisabeth for the 1873 Vienna World Exhibition.
1875 by the owner Johann Frohner as a tenant was hired. Frohner already in Budapest as hotelier could gain experience, where he successfully ran his eponymous hotel. In 1878 he competed for the title of Imperial and Royal Court Supplier for wine and spirits trade. Although the hotel enjoyed an excellent reputation, his request was rejected for various reasons. The request many years later then was approved by the High Steward office.
1912, the Imperial was converted into a public limited company. The Grand Hotel at Kärntner Ring belonged to the same corporation. The hotel was modernized and furnished with central heating. Furthermore, it ran a horse-drawn omnibuses business (1874-1922), a hotel omnibus (1882-1992) and a wage-drawn carriages trade (1908-1911).
During the monarchy came guests as prince Otto von Bismarck, count Patrice de Mac-Mahon, king Milan of Serbia, tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria, Richard Wagner, Eleonora Duse and Sarah Bernhardt.
During the First World War, the operation continued almost normally, among staff increasingly more women were working, male guests more often wore uniforms, and it was further on dined on - sometimes stuffed - damask, probably somewhat smaller portions.
In 1928, the two upper floors were added. In the interwar period came as guests Thomas Mann, Luigi Pirandello, John Galsworthy and Claude Anet. After the Anschluss (Annexation) lodged here Adolf Hitler whenever he was in town. After the war and during the occupation, the Soviets made the hotel to their quarters. The hotel from this time only a few damages suffered, although most of the furniture then was missing and had to be replaced.
The hotel since its opening belongs to the most luxurious houses of the city of Vienna. Guests include many heads of state and other personalities. The most famous were John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev at their summit meeting in Vienna in 1961. The guestbook with prominent signatures today is presented under a bell jar.
In 1994 the hotel by the readers of Condé Nast was voted as the best hotel in the world. Already in 1961, the operating company received the National Award and thus the right to use the federal coat of arms in business transactions.
Traditionally, state guests are staying at the Hotel Imperial; for example, lived here Richard Nixon, king Olav of Norway, marshal Tito, king Leopold of Belgium, the Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, queen Elizabeth of England, king Juan Carlos of Spain and emperor Akihito and empress Michiko of Japan.
Also numerous prominent artists were guests at the Imperial, including Otto Preminger, Walt Disney, Otto Klemperer, Alfred Hitchcock, Frank Sinatra, Woody Allen, Yul Brynner, Peter Ustinov, Michel Piccoli, Zubin Mehta, Vladimir Horowitz, Riccardo Muti, Mick Jagger, Mariah Carey and Sofia Coppola. Michael Jackson wrote here the song Earth Song.
On the ground floor of the hotel is located the Café Imperial, a traditional luxury restaurant that has always attracted prominent guests and is decorated with paintings by Moritz von Schwind.
Imperial Torte
A house specialty is the Imperial Torte, which is produced according to a secret recipe from natural ingredients (marzipan, milk chocolate). The cake, if cooled, is at least eight weeks durable and is shipped in wooden boxes everywhere in the world.
According to legend, a kitchen boy named Franz-Xaver Loibner created the Imperial Torte for Emperor Franz Joseph I on the occasion of the opening of the hotel.
Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery. It is the setting of a number of adventures in Arthurian legend, notably Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, and locals claim the tree in which the Lady of the Lake supposedly imprisoned Merlin can still be seen today. Other legendary places said to lie within the forest include the Val sans Retour, the tomb of Merlin, the Fountain of Youth, and Hotié de Vivianne (castle of the Lady of the Lake). The medieval chronicler Wace visited the forest but left disappointed:
"...I went there in search of marvels; I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."
For those living close to Paimpont, the Arthurian legend is very strong. Many names in the legend can be translated into Breton or French, for example the name Lancelot translates as "wanderer" or "vagabond" in Breton. There is also a strong influence from the Druids, and all around Brittany are standing stones or alignments, the most famous of which are nearby at Carnac; a group of the alignments at Kerlescan are nicknamed "the soldiers of Arthur."
Paimpont is a forest of broadleaf trees, oaks and beeches mainly, with areas of conifers either inside after clear-felling or on the periphery as transition with the moor, for example towards the west in the sector of Tréhorenteuc and the Val-sans-Retour (= Valley of no Return) which was devastated by several fires in particular in 1976, a year of great drought. It occupies mainly the territory of the commune of Paimpont, but extends to bordering communes, mainly Guer and Beignon in the south, Saint-Péran in the northeast, and Concoret in north. The forest of Paimpont is the largest remnant of an ancient forest occupying Argoat, the interior region of Brittany. It was more often called the forest of Brécélien, but its ancient character and other qualities underlined by many authors decided on its name of "forest of Brocéliande," tallying of the adventures of the legend of the Round Table. This flattering designation was reinforced by the birth of the Pays de Brocéliande at the end of the 20th century, an institution intended to facilitate the development of the communes of the west of the département.
The relative altitude of the forested massif contributes to give it a climate close to the oceanic climate of the coasts of Finistere. This mode, where west and south-west winds carry of clouds and regular rain supports the vegetation, dominates. The surplus of water feeds the many brooks occupying the bottoms of small valleys before flowing into the river Aff, then the Vilaine, to the area around Redon in the south of the department. The highest point is at 256 m in the western part called Haute forêt. Altitude decreases regularly while offering viewpoints towards the department of Morbihan; viewpoints which one finds the equivalents in the north on the commune of Mauron, port of the Côtes-d'Armor. It is not far from there that the Paimpont Biological Station of the University of Rennes 1, built in 1966 and 1967, dominates the lake of Chatenay. The varied forest and its surroundings constitute a framework favorable to many training courses in which the Rennes 1 biology students as well as foreign researchers take part. These buildings can accommodate approximately 70 people, and researchers work all the year on subjects generally very far away from the local biotope such as behavior of primates, represented by Cercopithecus, whose cries are familiar for the area but surprising to the walker little accustomed to this exotic fauna. The first researchers lengthily studied the ecology of the Armorican moors, the grounds, and the hydrology.
The forest belongs mainly to owners who maintain it and exploit it for timber and hunting; only in the north-eastern part, a small part (10%) is "domanial" and is managed by the National Forestry Commission. This situation prevents freedom of movement in the forest even with the access to the borough and its pond. The owners, however, signed a convention authorizing, from April 1 to the end of September, the use of some hiking trails in the forest. Among the responsibilities of the forest guards are watching for behaviors that threaten the forest, its flora, and its fauna. For example, behaviors that pose the risk of fire, and those that endanger the game, like dogs running loose. The gathering of mushrooms is not absolutely prohibited, but it is only tolerated near the approved trails. Because of its importance before the French Revolution, the forest was the responsibility of a royal jurisdiction called the National Forestry Commission, as the traditional jurisdictions of the seigneurs did not occupying itself with forest management. The wood was excessively exploited for the power supply of the charcoal blast furnaces for the nearby industry, at least in the 17th and 18th centuries; the assignment of the trees of first choice to the navy was a marginal role.
An extract of the files of the correctional court of Montfort:
"Having left the forging mills of Paimpont on Monday morning, he passed by the workshop of the carpenter who was far away from the forging mills but in the middle of the forest, he drank there with Julien Auffray his cousin and foreman of the carpenters." (Foreman of the carpenters and sawyers on contract to the naval yards elsewhere). Auffray interrogation, 1826.
The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of Great Britain, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The 12th century French poet Jean Bodel created the name in the following lines of his epic Chanson de Saisnes:
Ne sont que III matières à nul homme atandant,
De France et de Bretaigne, et de Rome la grant.
The name distinguishes and relates the Matter of Britain from the mythological themes taken from classical antiquity, the "matter of Rome", and the tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and their wars with the Moors and Saracens, which constituted the "matter of France". While Arthur is the chief subject of the Matter of Britain, other lesser-known legendary history of Great Britain, including the stories of Brutus of Britain, Old King Cole, King Lear, and Gogmagog, is also included in the Matter of Britain: see Legendary Kings of the Britons.
Legendary history of Britain
It could be said that the legendary history of Britain was created in part to form a body of patriotic myth for the island. Several agendas thus can be seen in this body of literature.
The Historia Britonum, the earliest known source of the story of Brutus of Britain, may have been devised to create a distinguished genealogy for a number of Welsh princes in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Nennius, its actual compiler is unknown; it exists in several recensions. This tale went on to achieve greater currency because its inventor linked Brutus to the diaspora of heroes that followed the Trojan War, and thus provided raw material which later mythographers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth, Michael Drayton, and John Milton could draw upon, linking the settlement of Britain to the heroic age of Greek literature, for their several and diverse literary purposes. As such, this material could be used for patriotic mythmaking just as Virgil linked the mythical founding of Rome to the Trojan War in The Æneid. Geoffrey of Monmouth also introduced the fanciful claim that the Trinovantes, reported by Tacitus as dwelling in the area of London, had a name he interpreted as Troi-novant, "New Troy".
More speculative claims link Celtic mythology with several of the rulers and incidents compiled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. It has been suggested, for instance, that Leir of Britain, who later became Shakespeare's King Lear, was originally the Welsh sea-god Llŷr (see also the Irish sea-god Lir). Various Celtic deities have been identified with characters from Arthurian literature as well: Morgan le Fay was often thought to have originally been the Welsh goddess Modron (cf. the Irish goddess Mórrígan). Many of these identifications come from the speculative comparative religion of the late 19th century, and have been questioned in more recent years.
William Shakespeare seems to have been deeply interested in the legendary history of Britain, and to have been familiar with some of its more obscure byways. Shakespeare's plays contain several tales relating to these legendary kings, such as King Lear and Cymbeline. It has been suggested that Shakespeare's Welsh schoolmaster Thomas Jenkins introduced him to this material, and perhaps directed him to read Geoffrey of Monmouth[citation needed]. These tales also figure in Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which also appears in Shakespeare's sources for Macbeth. A Welsh schoolmaster appears as the character Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Other early authors also drew from the early Arthurian and pseudo-historical sources of the Matter of Britain. The Scots, for instance, formulated a mythical history in the Picts and the Dál Riata royal lines. While they do eventually become factual lines, unlike those of Geoffrey, their origins are vague and often incorporate both aspects of mythical British history and mythical Irish history. The story of Gabhran especially incorporates elements of both those histories.
The Arthurian cycle
"Parsifal before the Castle of the Grail" - inspired by Richard Wagner's Opera Parsifal - painted in Weimar Germany 1928 by Hans Werner Schmidt (1859-1950)
The Arthurian literary cycle is the best known part of the Matter of Britain. It has succeeded largely because it tells two interlocking stories that have intrigued many later authors. One concerns Camelot, usually envisioned as a doomed utopia of chivalric virtue, undone by the fatal flaws of Arthur and Sir Lancelot. The other concerns the quests of the various knights to achieve the Holy Grail; some succeed (Galahad, Percival), and others fail (Lancelot).
The medieval tale of Arthur and his knights is full of Christian themes; those themes involve the destruction of human plans for virtue by the moral failures of their characters, and the quest for an important Christian relic. Finally, the relationships between the characters invited treatment in the tradition of courtly love, such as Lancelot and Guinevere, or Tristan and Iseult. In more recent years, the trend has been to attempt to link the tales of King Arthur and his knights with Celtic mythology, usually in highly romanticized, early twentieth century reconstructed versions.
Additionally, it is possible to read the Arthurian literature in general, and that concerned with the Grail tradition in particular, as an allegory of human development and spiritual growth (a theme explored by mythologist Joseph Campbell amongst others).
Sources wikipedia
Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery. It is the setting of a number of adventures in Arthurian legend, notably Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, and locals claim the tree in which the Lady of the Lake supposedly imprisoned Merlin can still be seen today. Other legendary places said to lie within the forest include the Val sans Retour, the tomb of Merlin, the Fountain of Youth, and Hotié de Vivianne (castle of the Lady of the Lake). The medieval chronicler Wace visited the forest but left disappointed:
"...I went there in search of marvels; I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."
For those living close to Paimpont, the Arthurian legend is very strong. Many names in the legend can be translated into Breton or French, for example the name Lancelot translates as "wanderer" or "vagabond" in Breton. There is also a strong influence from the Druids, and all around Brittany are standing stones or alignments, the most famous of which are nearby at Carnac; a group of the alignments at Kerlescan are nicknamed "the soldiers of Arthur."
Paimpont is a forest of broadleaf trees, oaks and beeches mainly, with areas of conifers either inside after clear-felling or on the periphery as transition with the moor, for example towards the west in the sector of Tréhorenteuc and the Val-sans-Retour (= Valley of no Return) which was devastated by several fires in particular in 1976, a year of great drought. It occupies mainly the territory of the commune of Paimpont, but extends to bordering communes, mainly Guer and Beignon in the south, Saint-Péran in the northeast, and Concoret in north. The forest of Paimpont is the largest remnant of an ancient forest occupying Argoat, the interior region of Brittany. It was more often called the forest of Brécélien, but its ancient character and other qualities underlined by many authors decided on its name of "forest of Brocéliande," tallying of the adventures of the legend of the Round Table. This flattering designation was reinforced by the birth of the Pays de Brocéliande at the end of the 20th century, an institution intended to facilitate the development of the communes of the west of the département.
The relative altitude of the forested massif contributes to give it a climate close to the oceanic climate of the coasts of Finistere. This mode, where west and south-west winds carry of clouds and regular rain supports the vegetation, dominates. The surplus of water feeds the many brooks occupying the bottoms of small valleys before flowing into the river Aff, then the Vilaine, to the area around Redon in the south of the department. The highest point is at 256 m in the western part called Haute forêt. Altitude decreases regularly while offering viewpoints towards the department of Morbihan; viewpoints which one finds the equivalents in the north on the commune of Mauron, port of the Côtes-d'Armor. It is not far from there that the Paimpont Biological Station of the University of Rennes 1, built in 1966 and 1967, dominates the lake of Chatenay. The varied forest and its surroundings constitute a framework favorable to many training courses in which the Rennes 1 biology students as well as foreign researchers take part. These buildings can accommodate approximately 70 people, and researchers work all the year on subjects generally very far away from the local biotope such as behavior of primates, represented by Cercopithecus, whose cries are familiar for the area but surprising to the walker little accustomed to this exotic fauna. The first researchers lengthily studied the ecology of the Armorican moors, the grounds, and the hydrology.
The forest belongs mainly to owners who maintain it and exploit it for timber and hunting; only in the north-eastern part, a small part (10%) is "domanial" and is managed by the National Forestry Commission. This situation prevents freedom of movement in the forest even with the access to the borough and its pond. The owners, however, signed a convention authorizing, from April 1 to the end of September, the use of some hiking trails in the forest. Among the responsibilities of the forest guards are watching for behaviors that threaten the forest, its flora, and its fauna. For example, behaviors that pose the risk of fire, and those that endanger the game, like dogs running loose. The gathering of mushrooms is not absolutely prohibited, but it is only tolerated near the approved trails. Because of its importance before the French Revolution, the forest was the responsibility of a royal jurisdiction called the National Forestry Commission, as the traditional jurisdictions of the seigneurs did not occupying itself with forest management. The wood was excessively exploited for the power supply of the charcoal blast furnaces for the nearby industry, at least in the 17th and 18th centuries; the assignment of the trees of first choice to the navy was a marginal role.
An extract of the files of the correctional court of Montfort:
"Having left the forging mills of Paimpont on Monday morning, he passed by the workshop of the carpenter who was far away from the forging mills but in the middle of the forest, he drank there with Julien Auffray his cousin and foreman of the carpenters." (Foreman of the carpenters and sawyers on contract to the naval yards elsewhere). Auffray interrogation, 1826.
The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of Great Britain, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The 12th century French poet Jean Bodel created the name in the following lines of his epic Chanson de Saisnes:
Ne sont que III matières à nul homme atandant,
De France et de Bretaigne, et de Rome la grant.
The name distinguishes and relates the Matter of Britain from the mythological themes taken from classical antiquity, the "matter of Rome", and the tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and their wars with the Moors and Saracens, which constituted the "matter of France". While Arthur is the chief subject of the Matter of Britain, other lesser-known legendary history of Great Britain, including the stories of Brutus of Britain, Old King Cole, King Lear, and Gogmagog, is also included in the Matter of Britain: see Legendary Kings of the Britons.
Legendary history of Britain
It could be said that the legendary history of Britain was created in part to form a body of patriotic myth for the island. Several agendas thus can be seen in this body of literature.
The Historia Britonum, the earliest known source of the story of Brutus of Britain, may have been devised to create a distinguished genealogy for a number of Welsh princes in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Nennius, its actual compiler is unknown; it exists in several recensions. This tale went on to achieve greater currency because its inventor linked Brutus to the diaspora of heroes that followed the Trojan War, and thus provided raw material which later mythographers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth, Michael Drayton, and John Milton could draw upon, linking the settlement of Britain to the heroic age of Greek literature, for their several and diverse literary purposes. As such, this material could be used for patriotic mythmaking just as Virgil linked the mythical founding of Rome to the Trojan War in The Æneid. Geoffrey of Monmouth also introduced the fanciful claim that the Trinovantes, reported by Tacitus as dwelling in the area of London, had a name he interpreted as Troi-novant, "New Troy".
More speculative claims link Celtic mythology with several of the rulers and incidents compiled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. It has been suggested, for instance, that Leir of Britain, who later became Shakespeare's King Lear, was originally the Welsh sea-god Llŷr (see also the Irish sea-god Lir). Various Celtic deities have been identified with characters from Arthurian literature as well: Morgan le Fay was often thought to have originally been the Welsh goddess Modron (cf. the Irish goddess Mórrígan). Many of these identifications come from the speculative comparative religion of the late 19th century, and have been questioned in more recent years.
William Shakespeare seems to have been deeply interested in the legendary history of Britain, and to have been familiar with some of its more obscure byways. Shakespeare's plays contain several tales relating to these legendary kings, such as King Lear and Cymbeline. It has been suggested that Shakespeare's Welsh schoolmaster Thomas Jenkins introduced him to this material, and perhaps directed him to read Geoffrey of Monmouth[citation needed]. These tales also figure in Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which also appears in Shakespeare's sources for Macbeth. A Welsh schoolmaster appears as the character Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Other early authors also drew from the early Arthurian and pseudo-historical sources of the Matter of Britain. The Scots, for instance, formulated a mythical history in the Picts and the Dál Riata royal lines. While they do eventually become factual lines, unlike those of Geoffrey, their origins are vague and often incorporate both aspects of mythical British history and mythical Irish history. The story of Gabhran especially incorporates elements of both those histories.
The Arthurian cycle
"Parsifal before the Castle of the Grail" - inspired by Richard Wagner's Opera Parsifal - painted in Weimar Germany 1928 by Hans Werner Schmidt (1859-1950)
The Arthurian literary cycle is the best known part of the Matter of Britain. It has succeeded largely because it tells two interlocking stories that have intrigued many later authors. One concerns Camelot, usually envisioned as a doomed utopia of chivalric virtue, undone by the fatal flaws of Arthur and Sir Lancelot. The other concerns the quests of the various knights to achieve the Holy Grail; some succeed (Galahad, Percival), and others fail (Lancelot).
The medieval tale of Arthur and his knights is full of Christian themes; those themes involve the destruction of human plans for virtue by the moral failures of their characters, and the quest for an important Christian relic. Finally, the relationships between the characters invited treatment in the tradition of courtly love, such as Lancelot and Guinevere, or Tristan and Iseult. In more recent years, the trend has been to attempt to link the tales of King Arthur and his knights with Celtic mythology, usually in highly romanticized, early twentieth century reconstructed versions.
Additionally, it is possible to read the Arthurian literature in general, and that concerned with the Grail tradition in particular, as an allegory of human development and spiritual growth (a theme explored by mythologist Joseph Campbell amongst others).
Sources wikipedia
This is a photograph from the first running of the Trim AC Bewley's 10 Mile Road Race which was held on Sunday 1st February 2015 at 12:00 in Trim, Co. Meath, Ireland. This race also incorporated the 2015 Meath 10 Mile Road Championships. For the first staging of this event this was an incredible success with almost 800 runners, joggers and walkers talking to the start line. The weather was perfect for running despite the bitter cold temperatures with air temperature of 4C recorded at the start. Some beautiful Spring sunshine helped brighten the day and the roads were clear and dry for racing.
Want to use this photograph or share it? Please read/scroll down a little further to find out how - it's very easy!
The race started on the Trim Athboy Road (the R154) and headed towards the town before making a left turn onto the Trim Dunderry road. The one mile mark comes just after a Y-junction which the race joins back to before the final 600 meters to the finish. Heading north to Dunderry the route takes a left in the middle of the village and heads west for 2 miles on the Dunderry Athboy road. At the next major junction the race takes another left turning south towards Trim town again. One of the only significant hills/drags of the course happens at around the 6.5 mile marker. Miles 7 - 9 are ran on winding roads with nice hedgerows and shelter from any breeze. During these miles you will begin to see the spire of Trim church in the distance. At the Y-Junction from mile one you have 600 meters to go with a final right turn into the industrial estate and the finish line.
The success of today's race is not an accident. Trim AC, and their army of volunteers and help from other Meath athletic clubs, put in huge work to make this race a success.
Today's race adds significantly to Trim AC's reputation for top quality organisation of race events. The 10 mile road race today follows on from the Braveheart 5KM Trail Race which is held annually in June around the beautiful and historical fields of Porchfields and Trim Castle. Today's race could be the begining of one of the region's largest and most popular 10 mile road races.
Are there more photographs from this race? This photograph is part of a larger set of photographs from the Trim AC 10 Mile Road Race 2015. They are available on our Flickr photostream in the album set here www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157650166189770
Trim 10 Mile 2015 Event Page on Facebook: www.facebook.com/events/1519629891656513/?fref=ts (may require Facebook logon)
Trim Athletic Club on Twitter twitter.com/trimathletic
Trim Athletic Club Internet Homepage www.trimac.ie/
GPS Trace of the 10 Mile Route 2015 www.mapmyrun.com/routes/fullscreen/590734250/
Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion Thread: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057321634
Precision Timing Results from the Trim 10 Mile 2015: www.precisiontiming.net/result.aspx?v=2381
Sponsors: Bewley's 1840: bewleys.com/
Read about Bewley's company on Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewley%27s
Trim Athletic Club on Facebook: www.facebook.com/trimathleticclub?fref=ts (may require Facebook logon)
Google Streetview - St. Loman's Hall Registration and Refreshments www.google.ie/maps/place/St+Loman%27s+St,+Trim,+Co.+Meath...
Our photographs from the Trim AC Braveheart 5KM 2014 www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157645195984413/
USING OUR PHOTOGRAPHS - A QUICK GUIDE
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.
This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?
You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.
I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
Besides its reputation as the garden isle for its lush vegetation, Kauai is known for its wild chickens. They're everywhere. Most of the birds are descendants of former fighting cocks freed during Hurricane Iniki two decades ago and have flourished since. Islanders complain about the noisy roosters who wake them up with incessant predawn crowing, but tourists seem to want anything rooster as souvenirs, from pens with rooster heads to T-shirts, statues, art prints - even paintings. The feral birds have become big business.
Reputation
Kita-Senju, Adachi-ku, Tokyo
Nikomat Ftn
Nikon Nikkor-H Auto 85mm f1.8
Fuji film Neopan Across iso 100
Epson GT-X820
Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery. It is the setting of a number of adventures in Arthurian legend, notably Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, and locals claim the tree in which the Lady of the Lake supposedly imprisoned Merlin can still be seen today. Other legendary places said to lie within the forest include the Val sans Retour, the tomb of Merlin, the Fountain of Youth, and Hotié de Vivianne (castle of the Lady of the Lake). The medieval chronicler Wace visited the forest but left disappointed:
"...I went there in search of marvels; I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."
For those living close to Paimpont, the Arthurian legend is very strong. Many names in the legend can be translated into Breton or French, for example the name Lancelot translates as "wanderer" or "vagabond" in Breton. There is also a strong influence from the Druids, and all around Brittany are standing stones or alignments, the most famous of which are nearby at Carnac; a group of the alignments at Kerlescan are nicknamed "the soldiers of Arthur."
Paimpont is a forest of broadleaf trees, oaks and beeches mainly, with areas of conifers either inside after clear-felling or on the periphery as transition with the moor, for example towards the west in the sector of Tréhorenteuc and the Val-sans-Retour (= Valley of no Return) which was devastated by several fires in particular in 1976, a year of great drought. It occupies mainly the territory of the commune of Paimpont, but extends to bordering communes, mainly Guer and Beignon in the south, Saint-Péran in the northeast, and Concoret in north. The forest of Paimpont is the largest remnant of an ancient forest occupying Argoat, the interior region of Brittany. It was more often called the forest of Brécélien, but its ancient character and other qualities underlined by many authors decided on its name of "forest of Brocéliande," tallying of the adventures of the legend of the Round Table. This flattering designation was reinforced by the birth of the Pays de Brocéliande at the end of the 20th century, an institution intended to facilitate the development of the communes of the west of the département.
The relative altitude of the forested massif contributes to give it a climate close to the oceanic climate of the coasts of Finistere. This mode, where west and south-west winds carry of clouds and regular rain supports the vegetation, dominates. The surplus of water feeds the many brooks occupying the bottoms of small valleys before flowing into the river Aff, then the Vilaine, to the area around Redon in the south of the department. The highest point is at 256 m in the western part called Haute forêt. Altitude decreases regularly while offering viewpoints towards the department of Morbihan; viewpoints which one finds the equivalents in the north on the commune of Mauron, port of the Côtes-d'Armor. It is not far from there that the Paimpont Biological Station of the University of Rennes 1, built in 1966 and 1967, dominates the lake of Chatenay. The varied forest and its surroundings constitute a framework favorable to many training courses in which the Rennes 1 biology students as well as foreign researchers take part. These buildings can accommodate approximately 70 people, and researchers work all the year on subjects generally very far away from the local biotope such as behavior of primates, represented by Cercopithecus, whose cries are familiar for the area but surprising to the walker little accustomed to this exotic fauna. The first researchers lengthily studied the ecology of the Armorican moors, the grounds, and the hydrology.
The forest belongs mainly to owners who maintain it and exploit it for timber and hunting; only in the north-eastern part, a small part (10%) is "domanial" and is managed by the National Forestry Commission. This situation prevents freedom of movement in the forest even with the access to the borough and its pond. The owners, however, signed a convention authorizing, from April 1 to the end of September, the use of some hiking trails in the forest. Among the responsibilities of the forest guards are watching for behaviors that threaten the forest, its flora, and its fauna. For example, behaviors that pose the risk of fire, and those that endanger the game, like dogs running loose. The gathering of mushrooms is not absolutely prohibited, but it is only tolerated near the approved trails. Because of its importance before the French Revolution, the forest was the responsibility of a royal jurisdiction called the National Forestry Commission, as the traditional jurisdictions of the seigneurs did not occupying itself with forest management. The wood was excessively exploited for the power supply of the charcoal blast furnaces for the nearby industry, at least in the 17th and 18th centuries; the assignment of the trees of first choice to the navy was a marginal role.
An extract of the files of the correctional court of Montfort:
"Having left the forging mills of Paimpont on Monday morning, he passed by the workshop of the carpenter who was far away from the forging mills but in the middle of the forest, he drank there with Julien Auffray his cousin and foreman of the carpenters." (Foreman of the carpenters and sawyers on contract to the naval yards elsewhere). Auffray interrogation, 1826.
The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of Great Britain, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The 12th century French poet Jean Bodel created the name in the following lines of his epic Chanson de Saisnes:
Ne sont que III matières à nul homme atandant,
De France et de Bretaigne, et de Rome la grant.
The name distinguishes and relates the Matter of Britain from the mythological themes taken from classical antiquity, the "matter of Rome", and the tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and their wars with the Moors and Saracens, which constituted the "matter of France". While Arthur is the chief subject of the Matter of Britain, other lesser-known legendary history of Great Britain, including the stories of Brutus of Britain, Old King Cole, King Lear, and Gogmagog, is also included in the Matter of Britain: see Legendary Kings of the Britons.
Legendary history of Britain
It could be said that the legendary history of Britain was created in part to form a body of patriotic myth for the island. Several agendas thus can be seen in this body of literature.
The Historia Britonum, the earliest known source of the story of Brutus of Britain, may have been devised to create a distinguished genealogy for a number of Welsh princes in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Nennius, its actual compiler is unknown; it exists in several recensions. This tale went on to achieve greater currency because its inventor linked Brutus to the diaspora of heroes that followed the Trojan War, and thus provided raw material which later mythographers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth, Michael Drayton, and John Milton could draw upon, linking the settlement of Britain to the heroic age of Greek literature, for their several and diverse literary purposes. As such, this material could be used for patriotic mythmaking just as Virgil linked the mythical founding of Rome to the Trojan War in The Æneid. Geoffrey of Monmouth also introduced the fanciful claim that the Trinovantes, reported by Tacitus as dwelling in the area of London, had a name he interpreted as Troi-novant, "New Troy".
More speculative claims link Celtic mythology with several of the rulers and incidents compiled by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. It has been suggested, for instance, that Leir of Britain, who later became Shakespeare's King Lear, was originally the Welsh sea-god Llŷr (see also the Irish sea-god Lir). Various Celtic deities have been identified with characters from Arthurian literature as well: Morgan le Fay was often thought to have originally been the Welsh goddess Modron (cf. the Irish goddess Mórrígan). Many of these identifications come from the speculative comparative religion of the late 19th century, and have been questioned in more recent years.
William Shakespeare seems to have been deeply interested in the legendary history of Britain, and to have been familiar with some of its more obscure byways. Shakespeare's plays contain several tales relating to these legendary kings, such as King Lear and Cymbeline. It has been suggested that Shakespeare's Welsh schoolmaster Thomas Jenkins introduced him to this material, and perhaps directed him to read Geoffrey of Monmouth[citation needed]. These tales also figure in Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which also appears in Shakespeare's sources for Macbeth. A Welsh schoolmaster appears as the character Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Other early authors also drew from the early Arthurian and pseudo-historical sources of the Matter of Britain. The Scots, for instance, formulated a mythical history in the Picts and the Dál Riata royal lines. While they do eventually become factual lines, unlike those of Geoffrey, their origins are vague and often incorporate both aspects of mythical British history and mythical Irish history. The story of Gabhran especially incorporates elements of both those histories.
The Arthurian cycle
"Parsifal before the Castle of the Grail" - inspired by Richard Wagner's Opera Parsifal - painted in Weimar Germany 1928 by Hans Werner Schmidt (1859-1950)
The Arthurian literary cycle is the best known part of the Matter of Britain. It has succeeded largely because it tells two interlocking stories that have intrigued many later authors. One concerns Camelot, usually envisioned as a doomed utopia of chivalric virtue, undone by the fatal flaws of Arthur and Sir Lancelot. The other concerns the quests of the various knights to achieve the Holy Grail; some succeed (Galahad, Percival), and others fail (Lancelot).
The medieval tale of Arthur and his knights is full of Christian themes; those themes involve the destruction of human plans for virtue by the moral failures of their characters, and the quest for an important Christian relic. Finally, the relationships between the characters invited treatment in the tradition of courtly love, such as Lancelot and Guinevere, or Tristan and Iseult. In more recent years, the trend has been to attempt to link the tales of King Arthur and his knights with Celtic mythology, usually in highly romanticized, early twentieth century reconstructed versions.
Additionally, it is possible to read the Arthurian literature in general, and that concerned with the Grail tradition in particular, as an allegory of human development and spiritual growth (a theme explored by mythologist Joseph Campbell amongst others).
Sources wikipedia
Building a reputation strategy. Reviews sites are going social
Modera Giancarlo Carniani - Coordinatore BTO - Buy Tourism Online e Co-Founder BTO Educational
Si è parlato di Reputation e dintorni con un gruppo di personaggi che di questo argomento sono stati in grado di portare un vero contributo. Quindi, reputazione, che vuol dire non solo recensioni......
Bravi, non era facile.
Nel panel:
Michele Aggiato - ZOOVER
Giulia Eremita - TRIVAGO
Roberto Frua - TRIPADVISOR
RJ Friedlander - REVIEWPRO
Georg Ziegler - HOLIDAYCHECK
BTO - BUY TOURISM ONLINE 2010
III^ [ Scintillante ] Edizione
18-19 Novembre 2010
Stazione Leopolda – Firenze
Il programma scientifico della III^ Edizione di BTO - Buy Tourism Online è stato affidato alle amorevoli cure di BTO Educational
Tutto in SOLD OUT
2.911 i partecipanti, 44 relatori, 42 FREE Training Session con 2.810 partecipanti, 112 giornalisti accredidati, 60 tra Bloggers e Evangelists 2.0, 4 Televisioni impegnate durante l'evento, i media partners Wired.it e intoscana.it, grazie grazie a ObiettivoTre, al MarketPlace 38 Portali Online, al Club degli Espositori 39 aziende, l'hashtag più twittato in Italia il 18 e 19 Novembre #bto2010, la diretta più seguita al mondo Giovedì 18 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day ONE, la diretta più seguita al mondo il Venerdì 19 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day TWO, i minuti su Livestream.com visti dalla somma degli utenti durante il live streaming dell'evento 965.420, dibattiti, keynote e interviste registrate in Main Hall 17 ore.
A big big special thanks to Roberta Milano.
La più ammirata Monica Fabris, il più saggio Rodolfo Baggio, il miglior inglese parlato quello di Giulia Eremita, la più fastidiosa Costanza G., la più canticchiata Chaiyya Chaiyya Bollywood Joint, la più tedesca Renate Goergen, il più inglese Jerome Touze, il più americano Josiah Mackenzie, la più gradita sorpresa gli amici di Web [Travel] Marketing, quello con più tesi Gianluca Diegoli, il più gradito ritorno Patrick Landman, i più coraggiosi i 6 Speakers per un Giorno, il più diretto Claudio Velardi, i più "complicati" gli amici di Zoes.it, il più in tutto Max Ulivieri, il più e basta Marco Monty Montemagno, il più amato da tutti Paolo Iabichino aka IABicus, il più "cattivo" Roberto Frua - TripAdvisor, il più buono Max Ventimiglia, la più dolce Elena Tubaro, il più ermetico Roberto Brenner - Google, il rubino più prezioso [ per noi di BTO Educational ] Elena Grassi - Expedia, quello sempre con l'ipad Mirko Lalli, la Blogger sempre più "famosa" Nelli, il più straordinario Professor Dimitrios Buhails, il più fotografato Matteo Renzi, il più bravo tappabuchi Paolo Chiappini, i più social i Bloggers, chi c'è mancato di più il cartello We Love Internet, il più bevuto caffè quello della Casa del Moka, i più tecnici Expomeeting, i più pazienti e disponibili i ragazzi e le ragazze del Prof. Eliodoro, il più appetitoso Lo Scalco, i più straordinariamente professionali i Crews, le Training più affollate Augmendy, Zoover e Google Advanced......
Building a reputation strategy. Reviews sites are going social
Modera Giancarlo Carniani - Coordinatore BTO - Buy Tourism Online e Co-Founder BTO Educational
Si è parlato di Reputation e dintorni con un gruppo di personaggi che di questo argomento sono stati in grado di portare un vero contributo. Quindi, reputazione, che vuol dire non solo recensioni......
Bravi, non era facile.
Nel panel:
Michele Aggiato - ZOOVER
Giulia Eremita - TRIVAGO
Roberto Frua - TRIPADVISOR
RJ Friedlander - REVIEWPRO
Georg Ziegler - HOLIDAYCHECK
BTO - BUY TOURISM ONLINE 2010
III^ [ Scintillante ] Edizione
18-19 Novembre 2010
Stazione Leopolda – Firenze
Il programma scientifico della III^ Edizione di BTO - Buy Tourism Online è stato affidato alle amorevoli cure di BTO Educational
Tutto in SOLD OUT
2.911 i partecipanti, 44 relatori, 42 FREE Training Session con 2.810 partecipanti, 112 giornalisti accredidati, 60 tra Bloggers e Evangelists 2.0, 4 Televisioni impegnate durante l'evento, i media partners Wired.it e intoscana.it, grazie grazie a ObiettivoTre, al MarketPlace 38 Portali Online, al Club degli Espositori 39 aziende, l'hashtag più twittato in Italia il 18 e 19 Novembre #bto2010, la diretta più seguita al mondo Giovedì 18 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day ONE, la diretta più seguita al mondo il Venerdì 19 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day TWO, i minuti su Livestream.com visti dalla somma degli utenti durante il live streaming dell'evento 965.420, dibattiti, keynote e interviste registrate in Main Hall 17 ore.
A big big special thanks to Roberta Milano.
La più ammirata Monica Fabris, il più saggio Rodolfo Baggio, il miglior inglese parlato quello di Giulia Eremita, la più fastidiosa Costanza G., la più canticchiata Chaiyya Chaiyya Bollywood Joint, la più tedesca Renate Goergen, il più inglese Jerome Touze, il più americano Josiah Mackenzie, la più gradita sorpresa gli amici di Web [Travel] Marketing, quello con più tesi Gianluca Diegoli, il più gradito ritorno Patrick Landman, i più coraggiosi i 6 Speakers per un Giorno, il più diretto Claudio Velardi, i più "complicati" gli amici di Zoes.it, il più in tutto Max Ulivieri, il più e basta Marco Monty Montemagno, il più amato da tutti Paolo Iabichino aka IABicus, il più "cattivo" Roberto Frua - TripAdvisor, il più buono Max Ventimiglia, la più dolce Elena Tubaro, il più ermetico Roberto Brenner - Google, il rubino più prezioso [ per noi di BTO Educational ] Elena Grassi - Expedia, quello sempre con l'ipad Mirko Lalli, la Blogger sempre più "famosa" Nelli, il più straordinario Professor Dimitrios Buhails, il più fotografato Matteo Renzi, il più bravo tappabuchi Paolo Chiappini, i più social i Bloggers, chi c'è mancato di più il cartello We Love Internet, il più bevuto caffè quello della Casa del Moka, i più tecnici Expomeeting, i più pazienti e disponibili i ragazzi e le ragazze del Prof. Eliodoro, il più appetitoso Lo Scalco, i più straordinariamente professionali i Crews, le Training più affollate Augmendy, Zoover e Google Advanced......
Romary's had quite a reputation as a manufacturer of specialist biscuits and indeed it is said that they continued to be made until the early 1980s because HM Queen enjoyed them - they are now unavailable. Romary's were founded by Alfred Romary in Tunbridge Wells in 1862 as biscuit makers and his fame spread when, in 1876, Queen Victoria visited the shop and so they gained a coveted Royal Warrant.
They became noted for 'fine' biscuits, especially their wafers. In 1926 they became a limited company in 1926 when they were bought out by a Mr. Lane. At some point, possibly prior to 1932, they became associated with another 'town' biscuit maker, the Norwich based Freeman's whose Norwich Hollow Biscuits continued to be produced. In 1935 they were acquired by York based Rowntree's and the bulk of production moved to a new bakery in Tunbridge Wells. Rowntree's closed the Kent sites in 1958 and it is possible there was a lull in production as it appears to have been 1963 before production was restarted in the Rowntree's Glasgow factory - apparently to honour the desires of HM The Queen! Sadly they stopped manufacturing in 1981 and since then Rowntree's and the recipes have vanished into the vast maw of Nestlé.
Romary's also had high standards of publicity and package design as can be seen here in an advert produced at the Curwen Press.
Building a reputation strategy. Reviews sites are going social
Modera Giancarlo Carniani - Coordinatore BTO - Buy Tourism Online e Co-Founder BTO Educational
Si è parlato di Reputation e dintorni con un gruppo di personaggi che di questo argomento sono stati in grado di portare un vero contributo. Quindi, reputazione, che vuol dire non solo recensioni......
Bravi, non era facile.
Nel panel:
Michele Aggiato - ZOOVER
Giulia Eremita - TRIVAGO
Roberto Frua - TRIPADVISOR
RJ Friedlander - REVIEWPRO
Georg Ziegler - HOLIDAYCHECK
BTO - BUY TOURISM ONLINE 2010
III^ [ Scintillante ] Edizione
18-19 Novembre 2010
Stazione Leopolda – Firenze
Il programma scientifico della III^ Edizione di BTO - Buy Tourism Online è stato affidato alle amorevoli cure di BTO Educational
Tutto in SOLD OUT
2.911 i partecipanti, 44 relatori, 42 FREE Training Session con 2.810 partecipanti, 112 giornalisti accredidati, 60 tra Bloggers e Evangelists 2.0, 4 Televisioni impegnate durante l'evento, i media partners Wired.it e intoscana.it, grazie grazie a ObiettivoTre, al MarketPlace 38 Portali Online, al Club degli Espositori 39 aziende, l'hashtag più twittato in Italia il 18 e 19 Novembre #bto2010, la diretta più seguita al mondo Giovedì 18 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day ONE, la diretta più seguita al mondo il Venerdì 19 Novembre su Livestream.com BTO - Buy Tourism Online 2010 Day TWO, i minuti su Livestream.com visti dalla somma degli utenti durante il live streaming dell'evento 965.420, dibattiti, keynote e interviste registrate in Main Hall 17 ore.
A big big special thanks to Roberta Milano.
La più ammirata Monica Fabris, il più saggio Rodolfo Baggio, il miglior inglese parlato quello di Giulia Eremita, la più fastidiosa Costanza G., la più canticchiata Chaiyya Chaiyya Bollywood Joint, la più tedesca Renate Goergen, il più inglese Jerome Touze, il più americano Josiah Mackenzie, la più gradita sorpresa gli amici di Web [Travel] Marketing, quello con più tesi Gianluca Diegoli, il più gradito ritorno Patrick Landman, i più coraggiosi i 6 Speakers per un Giorno, il più diretto Claudio Velardi, i più "complicati" gli amici di Zoes.it, il più in tutto Max Ulivieri, il più e basta Marco Monty Montemagno, il più amato da tutti Paolo Iabichino aka IABicus, il più "cattivo" Roberto Frua - TripAdvisor, il più buono Max Ventimiglia, la più dolce Elena Tubaro, il più ermetico Roberto Brenner - Google, il rubino più prezioso [ per noi di BTO Educational ] Elena Grassi - Expedia, quello sempre con l'ipad Mirko Lalli, la Blogger sempre più "famosa" Nelli, il più straordinario Professor Dimitrios Buhails, il più fotografato Matteo Renzi, il più bravo tappabuchi Paolo Chiappini, i più social i Bloggers, chi c'è mancato di più il cartello We Love Internet, il più bevuto caffè quello della Casa del Moka, i più tecnici Expomeeting, i più pazienti e disponibili i ragazzi e le ragazze del Prof. Eliodoro, il più appetitoso Lo Scalco, i più straordinariamente professionali i Crews, le Training più affollate Augmendy, Zoover e Google Advanced......
Ces photos sont une gracieuseté de Philippe Georges Grossiord
Catedraleseiglesias.com
© Álbum 2791
Archidiócesis Metropolitana de París
www.facebook.com/catedraleseiglesias
L’église Saint-Eustache is a church in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, built between 1532 and 1632.
Situated at the entrance to Paris’s ancient markets (Les Halles) and the beginning of rue Montorgueil, the Église de Saint-Eustache is considered a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture. The church’s reputation was strong enough of the time for it to be chosen as the location for a young Louis XIV to receive communion. Mozart also chose the sanctuary as the location for his mother’s funeral. Among those baptised here as children were Richelieu, Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, future Madame de Pompadour and Molière, who was also married here in the 17th century. The last rites for Anne of Austria, Turenne and Mirabeau were pronounced within its walls. Marie de Gournay is buried there.
La Iglesia de St. Eustache es una iglesia en el distrito 1 de París, construido entre 1532 y 1632.
Situado a la entrada a los mercados antiguos de París (Les Halles) y el comienzo de la Rue Montorgueil, la Iglesia de Saint-Eustache es considerado una obra maestra de la arquitectura del gótico tardío. Sólida reputación de la iglesia fue suficiente el tiempo para que pueda ser elegida como la ubicación de un joven Luis XIV para recibir la Comunión. Mozart lo aussi el santuario como lugar para el funeral de la madre de la histórica. Entre Los bautizados aquí como los niños eran Richelieu, Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, el futuro de Madame de Pompadour y Molière, aussi que se casó aquí en el siglo 17. Los últimos ritos de Ana de Austria, Turenne y Mirabeau fueron pronunciadas dentro de las paredes las TIC. Marie de Gournay está enterrado allí.
Situated in Les Halles, an area of Paris renowned for fresh produce of all kinds, the church became a parish in 1223, thanks to a man named Alais who achieved this by taxing the baskets of fish sold nearby. To thank such divine generosity Alais constructed a chapel dedicated to Sainte-Agnès, a Roman martyr. The construction of the current church began in 1532, the work not being finally completed until 1637. The name "Saint-Eustache" refers to Saint Eustace, a Roman general who was burned along with his family for converting to Christianity. Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes was baptised here.
According to tourist literature on-site, during the French Revolution the church was (like most churches in Paris) desecrated and looted, and used for a time as a barn. The church was restored after the Revolution, however, and remains in use today. Several impressive paintings by Rubens remain in the church today. Each summer, organ concerts commemorate the premieres of Berlioz’s Te Deum and Liszt’s Christus here in 1886.
Situado en Les Halles, una zona de París conocida por los productos frescos de todo tipo, la iglesia se convirtió en parroquia en 1223, gracias a un hombre llamado Alais ¿Quién logró esto al gravar las canastas de pescado que se vende cerca. Expresar su agradecimiento a la generosidad divina Esa capilla dedicada Alais construidos a Santa Inés, mártir romano. El actual edificio de la iglesia comenzó en 1532, la obra finalmente no se completa hasta 1637. El nombre de "San Eustaquio" Se refiere a San Eustaquio, un general romano que fue quemado junto con la familia histórica de convertirse al cristianismo. Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes fue bautizado aquí.
De acuerdo a la literatura turística en el lugar, durante la Revolución Francesa a la iglesia (se parecía más a las iglesias de París) profanado y saqueado, y se utiliza durante un tiempo como un granero. La iglesia restaurada era el después de la Revolución, sin embargo, y en uso hoy en día restes. Varias pinturas de Rubens impresionante permanecer en la Iglesia hoy en día. Cada verano, los conciertos de órgano conmemorar los primeros de Te Deum de Berlioz y Liszt Christus aquí en 1886.
Record Rev was a revered independent music store on Coventry Road in Cleveland Heights, Ohio from 1968 through 2022.
We worked down the street at Record Exchange in the 80s and early 90s, then located one block to the north, same side of Coventry Road. Our used music competition was obviously Record Rev. Used selection wasn't as good as Record Ex, and Record Rev neglected to mark down non-selling used music as aggressively as they should have (though occasionally you could pick up an underpriced gem). We often slipped into Record Rev to shop, but never told co-workers.
Record Revolution had a far edgier reputation than we did: the ambience was goth/punk/club rat/head shop. Experience is a huge asset in retail. Being there--like being invited to enter an exclusive and hip club, or the black-painted basement apartment of a musician/artist older brother of a friend, who also liked to party, and with a suggestion of lawlessness--was by itself an experience. When you purchased music there, and then took it home and played it, it was as if you were taking the "black painted basement with incense" experience home with you. Record Rev was far ahead of us in style points, and in in-store visits by hugely popular musicians, but they were almost never crowded and we often were; they had more customer window shopping and we had lower prices, better attitudes and more sales. I'm sure they thought of us as a "sausage factory."
Peter Schliewen, Record Rev’s original owner, to be fair, had died in an accident while still a relatively young guy. He crashed his Porsche 911 on Shaker Blvd. in 1983 (near Green Road). Record Rev at the time was, as mentioned, almost never crowded, boasted a huge amount of square footage (three storefronts plus basement, half of it wasted), and not the most extroverted staff upstairs. Perhaps there was enough traffic and markup in the "smoking accessories" (the rear of store near the entrance was a head shop) and in the S&M, goth and punk costume items they carried and kept near the entrance, or life insurance, or investor, or family kept the store propped up; music was likely a loss leader. Reportedly Peter's wife sold the store to its current majority owner in 1985.
Upstairs as you entered the store on the left was Stan, a mostly-quiet (though good for a quick "hello" or a nod) black-clad rockabilly-dressed guy with a towering pompadour. Six inches of his height was boot heels and hair. He was tall as it was. Once in a while we would see him in clubs downtown with his pretty girlfriend.
From the entrance above, you had to walk across through two other storefronts to the right of this shot to reach the used department, known as "Stiff Records." We never understood where the name "Stiff Records" came from. There was a "Stiff Records" label, an indie but not especially avant-garde label out of the UK that we knew of. (Some "inside baseball": Stiff eventually became a subsidiary of CBS in the US only.) This may have been coincidence, but we suspect Record Rev simply copied the name and the UK Stiff did nothing about it. The respective logos are different. Additionally, at the time, if an album or song "stiffed" (loosely meaning became "dead" or "useless") it was a flop in music industry slang. So irony may also have been at work. Near its entrance to the basement, management painted a black-and-white mural of Chuck Berry's guitar-playing, suit-clad body, topped with a grinning human skull, which was part of Record Rev's "Stiff Records" logo, and records they sold were price-stickered with this logo. There were hundreds of autographs of band members who visited the store on the brick wall of the stairs headed down (mostly unknown now), and elsewhere throughout the store. When most of them came through town, they were playing medium-si=zed clubs. (For some reason we remember "Boomtown Rats.")
The two or three guys that worked downstairs in "Stiff Records"--Fred (Fred Mills, III, d, 2016), and especially Warren--whom we assume played in bands, were nicer and far more helpful than their boutique and new vinyl colleagues upstairs. Several college-age women worked in the boutique: probably students at CIA (Cleveland Institute of Art) or in bands. The women boutique staffers in particular were on a scary/pretend-customer-doesn't-exist continuum. One of them was reportedly friendly (Heather). We feel sure that there were no management-to-floor-staff motivational sales "pep talks" or standardized psych tests to gauge suitability of new hires.
One of the first things noticeable when you walked in from the street was the sound system. That and the incense. Commenter "dgwojo" on audiophile site Audiokarma recalls Record Rev as "the place that had Altec A7's hanging on the walls." (N.B.: "Altec A7s" are heavy studio monitor speakers known for their clarity that can play music loud. Very loud.) There were, other than the store's terrific sound system, a couple of curios that interested me.
First, around 1982, Record Rev kept a Fender Broadcaster in their front left window (i.e., on the left as you go in), very old, and old-looking, in its case, from around 1950. Broadcasters, a solid body electric guitar, were the predecessors to Telecasters which Bruce Springsteen is best known for playing. The price: $125.00, on a beautifully-hand-lettered sign. Or was it? I was looking for a guitar and, hell, I had more than that in the bank. A very good, name brand guitar cost $700.00 at the time, maybe $500.00 used. I made a special trip back to Record Rev to recheck the price. Alas, I had forgotten a zero: it was $1,250.00, so that was out. A stupendous sum of money for me as a ninth-grader. There were only something like 250 Broadcasters manufactured between 1948 and 1950. It was in the window for over six months; collectors guitars didn't have the cult following they do now. Interestingly, the owner's family had a hard time moving this guitar at $1,250.00. You could buy a rental house for what a Broadcaster would cost now.
The other curio, which was near the rear of the store, was a wood phone booth, not for sale, but looked cool. Probably from a department store.
Record Rev sold new music but their selection was not as good as Record Ex. They did sell many offbeat imports, presumably music being played in clubs downtown and on college stations, such as WRUW (Case), WUJC (JCU) or WCSB (CSU). In that regard, they were way ahead of us; though we ordered and also sold imports, we were far more commercial, if stuck in the 1980s version of classic/AOR (album-oriented rock radio) mode. Record Rev also briefly advertised on cable television. The used department in the Record Rev basement seemed to be fed by radio station libraries and many promo album copies from record companies (almost always in mint condition if you were the first owner), along with the occasional music collection culling.
In the 1980s, at least, Record Rev had a drug-friendly atmosphere, to say the least, let in very little light, and they burned lots and lots of incense at all hours. Paraphernalia was for cocaine and cannabis. They carried items like studded and spiked neck collars. (For bedroom? Or for costume? Who knows?) This lent itself to unseemly rumors at the time, which have been impossible to substantiate. When we were very young--too young to work, but old enough to buy music--the drug and S&M ambiance was intimidating and scary. Parts of the store were not meant for kids.
Yet if something seriously untoward (more than perhaps personal "soft" drug use by staff, hence the incense) was going on, the police, who were all over Coventry, would certainly have known it, and the City would have shut Record Rev down as this City made happen, slowly and over a number of years, at Irv's Deli.
Why does it seem as if music was a loss leader at Record Rev? In our experience, buyers of music shop for price. In the 1980s, this meant buying "used." (Now "shopping" for music means downloading free.) Given the choice, and buying for oneself, a music buyer will almost always buy used in great condition. Used is also far more profitable for the retailer. Not uncommonly, and at irregular times, "Stiff Records" downstairs was closed, which means if you wanted any music at all from Record Rev, you had to buy new. We suspected that the employee working down there missed work that day. If music was the profit center, then the profit center of that profit center would have only rarely or never closed (or, come to think of it, even been kept in the basement).
Follow this link to a shot of this storefront when it was Coventry Books c. 1976: media.cleveland.com/sunpress/photo/coventry-books-2c13b19...
