View allAll Photos Tagged Relocation
WEEK 52 – Barnes & Noble Ole Miss Relocation Revisited (II)
Just as in the last photo, visible here are the four (rather sad-looking) folding tables of books I told y’all about – and showed you in close-up – last week. Like I said, it’s kind of unfortunate for these books that the store swiped the bookshelves out from right under them for these final weeks!
I should note that the selection of trade books here 1) is called “trade books” specifically because the store’s primary currency (if you will) is textbooks, and 2) isn’t super exhaustive, due to the reason cited in note (1) previously. In fact, if you weren’t aware, Barnes & Noble College stores are a completely different entity from Barnes & Noble proper, despite the shared name and signage style (note in particular the "Fiction" placard near the bottom right). That said, it sounds like they’ve been using the B&N name since the 70s.
(c) 2019 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
The first Great Victoria Street station in Belfast was built by the Ulster Railway in 1839. The facilities were expanded over the years until it became the main terminus of the Great Northern Railway in 1876. A century later, Northern Ireland Railways closed Great Victoria Street and transferred its traffic to the new Belfast Central station. The irony is, of course, that Great Victoria Street was more central than Belfast Central, and so in the 1990s it was decided to rebuild the former station. It couldn't be put back in exactly the same place though because the Great Northern Tower had been built on the original site, so the new Great Victoria Street station was moved a few yards further down the former trackbed and opened in 1995. Here is the station today, with some modern Class 3000 diesel multiple units standing at two of its four platforms.
I was set up where the Happy Couple are standing taking long exposures of the sky and sea. This is the 'Fee' I extracted for giving up that spot. Anyone who has browsed my photos will see that people and portraiture aren't my thing. Available for hire as a back up to the back up wedding photographer.
Cape Schanck.
After relocating from Osaka to the Shinbashi geisha district of Tokyo, Teruha became the most popular postcard model in Japan. Almost all of her best known postcards were taken within two years, Meiji 45 (1912) and Taishō 2 (1913), when she was 16 and 17 years old. After this date she withdrew from public life to become the mistress of an influential politician.
感謝各位長期對此相簿的支持與追蹤，因Flickr政策變更的關係，
相簿從2019年起再也不能上傳新照，因此決定從2018.12/29起正式進入永眠狀態（永眠狀態時本人的大頭像將會變成黑白），
日後新照將移至個人噗浪繼續不定時上傳新照，有興趣者歡迎追蹤。
My Flickr can't upload photos after 2019.1/8
I decided to relocate my new album.
So welcome to my Plurk "Sakura with Kaede."
Manzanar Internment Relocation Center, created by Executive Order No9066, Issued February 19. 1942. It was the first of ten, and the total incarcerated would be 110,000 of Japanese Ancestry.
With the onset of autumn, I made the decision to relocate the portable layout from the garage.
I designed it with box dimensions that would allow for transport by car and also would fit in my workroom.
It fitted.... just.
This more convenient location will allow for some more practice in running three or four cars at the same time as changing points for the different routes. I may also get around to painting and placing some more figures!
WEEK 49 – Southaven Burlington Relocation: New Store, Set I
Here's a look out from the women's activewear department across the salesfloor. That's the center actionway that you see ahead of you: Burlington more or less kept Sports Authority's “plus sign in a box” grid of actionways intact, although that's not saying much since that layout is common to many stores (including the old Burlington).
Note the department sign for Ladies Active: pretty similar to the old ones, eh? I promised you those lived on in style, if not exact street-sign-setup, in this new store! :)
(c) 2017 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
Here’s a little something different as a teaser for my most recent blog post… I made this graphic literally one year ago this week, and I’m sure I was saving it for some sort of purpose, but at this point it’s been long enough that I might as well just go ahead and post it now. I can’t remember exactly, but I think my main purpose for this was at first to show all the stores that had departed Southaven Towne Center for Tanger Outlets Southaven, but then as I kept working on it it also turned into a graphic showing *all* the stores that had left STC for anywhere else (or nowhere, just closing outright) as well as those that had relocated to Tanger from places besides STC. So, in other words, it’s a mess. (It's also not up-to-date or complete, given many stores have departed from here over the years, including Payless and LifeWay in the time since I made this.) But let’s try to sort through it all anyway. :P
Starting at the top (northernmost point) of the image, you have South Lake Centre, which I made a similar graphic for, except that one focused on all the stores that relocated *to* SLC instead of *away* from it. To be fair, not many at all have done the latter, but both Dressbarn and Gap FactoryStore did, opting for new locations at Tanger as soon as Tanger opened in November 2015. Dressbarn closed their SLC store in favor of the Tanger location; Gap kept both operational, but only for a short period (see the SLC store’s liquidation in this album). Gap is still operational at Tanger, but I discovered recently that Dressbarn has quietly closed, meaning they have left Southaven entirely after a long run here. Their space within Tanger is set to become a Polo Ralph Lauren Outlet soon.
Also near the top of the image, I included a note that the long-running Thomas Kinkade Gallery from Wolfchase Galleria relocated to Tanger. Unfortunately, that did not last very long at all. I talked more about that relocation at this photo.
Within Southaven Towne Center itself, a whole cluster of stores either abandoned their longstanding positions at the decade-older STC in favor of Tanger, or simply supplemented them with a second location at Tanger, keeping the STC store open as well. Not that I believe keeping two locations of the same chain operational along the same exact street is the smartest business decision, but at least it means less vacancies for STC, haha! Starting with the former variety, American Eagle, Rue21, and College Station all shuttered their STC locations in favor of shiny new storefronts at Tanger (none of which, it seems, I can find photos of online, unfortunately).
Meanwhile (and surprisingly!), four others – Kay, Rack Room, GNC, and Carter’s – have all opened new stores at Tanger while simultaneously keeping their existing stores at STC open. Again, I find this strange and redundant, but I suppose I can’t complain if they’re all keeping two storefronts occupied and people employed…
Aéropostale is a unique story; they closed their STC location in 2016, only to reappear at Tanger a year later (…and then close down once more not six months later, but hey). This one, then, probably can’t be considered a true relocation like the rest, but I still thought it important in the sense that they could just as easily have reopened at their old STC building (which has literally remained untouched since then: even the “final 2 days” sign can still be seen hanging out inside the place!).
And finally, I also included three others on here that are related to STC but not Tanger: hhgregg, which went out of business entirely; Books-a-Million, which relocated from STC to SLC; and Gordmans, which closed and then reopened again as Gordmans. I’ve covered two of those in the past, and will have something related to the other coming up fairly soon…
Anyway, all this to say that I’ve got a new blog post up :P Its subject is DeSoto Pointe, which to the casual description-reader might seem completely unrelated to everything I just talked about in this description, and as such likely prompts a number of questions, which I would like to answer here but that would negate the whole point of having written an entire blog post on the topic, so instead I’ll direct you over there and say thanks and happy reading! :)
(c) 2019 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
Relocated across the street to a Supercenter in 2012. This Walmart was built in 1999 and closed in 2012. In 2015, Erie Insurance bought the main entrance to the Walmart and divided the Walmart in half and put stores in them.
Erie, PA
Kmart relocated down the road to what is now At Home.
McCandleless, PA. April 2017.
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WEEK 14 – BAM Southaven Relocation: Old Store, Set 2
We’re back again at the old Southaven Books-a-Million this weekend, picking up right where we left off, in the kids’ section! Notice how open the floor space is here: this picture was taken on January 27th, 2017, as the store’s last week in operation began, so merchandise was gradually diminishing (there wasn’t a liquidation or anything, but they still had to prepare for the move). In fact, the bareness in this area is what allowed me to get this photo that I teased this entire set with. It’s kinda sad to see the section so relatively lifeless here, but at the same time it also provides a bit of a less cluttered look at the section.
By the time we frequented this store, I wasn’t of the age to play with the Thomas the Tank Engine playsets in this section – not that this store even had them, unlike Tupelo! – but I did often shop the next aisle to the left from my point of view here…
(c) 2017 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
Relocated to Muncy
Hughesville, PA. September 2016.
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WEEK 32.2 – Oakland Kroger, Pre-Remodel (II)
With the aforementioned reset involving the shift of all the existing aisles and subsequent creation of a new one out of the newly discovered space, the Aisle 12 marker made its way one aisle over, to the aisle pictured here. It's too bad that I couldn't capture it in the exact same position here in Oakland as it was in my Hernando store, but there's a replica of the millennium décor Aisle 12 marker that started it all, nonetheless :)
From this angle, it's also plainly obvious that the aisle marker was removed and re-hung; there's no way it should be perfectly even with the top of my photo, when the rest of my pic is so blatantly tilted to the right :P (On a related note, apologies for that XD )
My only regret in all of this is that I only put the puzzle pieces about the reset together *after* I had returned home and reviewed these photos... I didn't realize the significance of all of this while I was actually still at the store. If I had, I would've been sure to pay closer attention to Aisle 11 next door, as that would have been a special case.
Obviously, the former frozen foods marker from Aisle 11 wouldn't have been suitable for relocation to a regular aisle, as it would've had just the aisle number, and no slots for item placards underneath. So the question becomes, if the store wound up having to source a new Aisle 11 marker just like they did with Aisle 13, what would it have looked like? Sadly, none of my pictures capture this; I personally do not remember; and we will likely never know, now that the store has remodeled :(
That said... what I *am* able to glean from this photo is that the “new” Aisle 11 was home to health and beauty products. So, what I like to think is that the aisle got the standard updated HABA aisle sign – which would've looked like this – thereby solving all of our décor problems. Voila! :P
(c) 2018 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
Opened in part of the former Tops
Geneva, NY. June 2020.
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If you would like to use THIS picture in any sort of media elsewhere (such as newspaper or article), please send me a Flickrmail or send me an email at natehenderson6@gmail.com
The original Yankee Stadium, located at East 161st Street and River Avenue, served as the home baseball park of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees from 1923 to 1973 and, after extensive renovations, from 1976 to 2008. Nicknamed "The House that Ruth Built", it was the first three-tiered sports facility in the United States and one of the first baseball parks to be given the lasting title of stadium. Yankee Stadium hosted 6,581 Yankees regular season home games, and 37 World Series during its 85-year history. Yankee Stadium was the home of the National Football League's New York Giants from 1956-1973, before they relocated ultimately to Giants Stadium in the Meadowlands, including the 1958 NFL championship game, and other short-lived professional football franchises including the three incarnations of the AFL's New York Yankees (1926, 1936-37, 1941), the AAFC's New York Yankees (1946-49), the NFL's New York Yanks (1950-51). It hosted three papal masses--Pope Paul VI (1965), Pope John Paul II (1979), and Pope Benedict XVI (2008); thirty championship prizefights--including Joe Louis-Max Schmeling and Muhammad Ali-Ken Norton; two professional soccer franchies--the USA/NASL's New York Generals (1967-68) and the NASL's New York Cosmos (1971, 1976); and college football--including the annual Notre Dame-Army game from 1925 through 1947.
The Yankees had shared the Polo Grounds with the New York Giants since 1913, but strained relations between the two teams led owners Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston and Jacob Ruppert to build their own stadium on a 10-acre lumberyard within sight of Coogan's Bluff. Originally designed by Osborn Engineering and built by the White Construction Company at a cost of $2.5 million, the stadium opened on April 18, 1923, with the Yankees beating the Boston Red Sox 4-1. By the late 1960s, the stadium's condition had badly deteriorated. After the stadium was purchased by the City of New York in 1972, it closed for a two-year facelift following the 1973 season, with the Yankees taking up temporary residence at Shea
Stadium in the interim. The renovations by Praeger-Kavanaugh-Waterbury significantly altered the appearance of the stadium. 118 columns reinforcing each tier of the grandstand were removed, the Stadium's roof, including its distinctive 15-foot copper frieze, was replaced by a new upper shell, and a white painted concrete replica of the frieze was added atop the wall encircling the bleachers. The Stadium's playing field was lowered and shortened, with the monuments once in play relgated to a newly created Monument Park.
In 2006, the Yankees began construction on a new $1.8 billion stadium in adjacent public parkland, which opened with the 2009 season. The final game at the stadium was held on September 21, 2008, with the Yankees beating the Baltimore Orioles 7-3.
In 2007, Yankee Stadium was ranked #84 on the AIA 150 America's Favorite Architecture list.
WEEK 17 – Barnes & Noble Ole Miss Relocation, Set I
Heading upstairs now for a peek around the store’s first level, which was the ground level here (meaning so far we’ve been in the basement). You can see the stairs themselves in an earlier shot; here we’re looking closely at the customized décor that B&N had lining the upper parts of most of the walls – yes, even the stairwell got some love! Pretty nicely detailed. I’ve been in the Mississippi State Barnes & Noble as well, and while I don’t remember this type of décor per se, it did have some. (The reason I don’t remember it is because the store itself is just more memorable – see for yourself!) I assume all Barnes & Noble college bookstores do.
(c) 2017 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
The beverage station once figured prominently in the layout of the front right corner of this Kroger, in plain view of the hot food counter at the deli. Thanks to Starbucks, it was moved: tucked away in the corner of the café. Oh well, at least this Korger still has a café, unlike the Olive Branch store. Theirs was removed entirely, to make space for ClickList unfortunately.
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Kroger, 2004-built, Goodman Rd. at Getwell Rd., Southaven, MS
This was Alma's Walmart before locating across the street to a supercenter. Now an Atwoods Farm Store. Built in 1981 and 41,089 SF
www.loopnet.com/Listing/14631411/200-Highway-64-West-Alma...
WEEK 47 – Southaven Burlington Relocation: Old Store Closing
(cont.) …to discover just how much damage said liquidation had done to the salesfloor!! Seriously – if you thought the place was empty before, just wait till you see the rest of this photoset. It was crazy. Literally the entire store was reduced to just one tiny quadrant of carpet.
I’m not quite sure how exactly to explain this. Maybe the store continued to dwindle in stock since my previous visits in March and May (perhaps not even receiving new stock shipments during that time, although that seems hard to believe)? Maybe it shipped off most its merchandise to another location (maybe the good stuff went to the new store, and the clearance stayed behind)? Or maybe its liquidation sale began super-duper early, or it could be that they simply sold a heck of a lot of stuff in a heck of a short time. Who knows what really happened, but suffice to say, I was not expecting this magnitude of emptiness whatsoever.
(c) 2017 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
Established 1870. Relocated and restored in 2010 by Ernie Culpepper.
Botsford, Sumter County, Georgia USA
[3221_hdr-D7500_Neo]
© 2024 Mike McCall
WEEK 19 – Barnes & Noble Ole Miss Relocation, Set II
In the previous photo, we were looking from textbooks back up the main “fork in the road,” so to speak – in other words, one of the two paths the actionway diverges into from the entryway, the other being into the “spirit shop” section. Here, we’re looking from said spirit shop back toward the checkouts and main entrance.
Although we didn’t see them in the old store, I’d hazard a guess that these hanging signs were once there, too.
(c) 2017 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
WEEK 43 – TM Relocation Revisited
Skipping back down the furniture department, we arrive at the section of the back of the store where, I believe, Dressbarn’s rear wall was prior to Tuesday Morning’s expansion of the building. At least, that’s how I’m interpreting those floor scars! This would also fit with what we saw of the interior during construction…
(c) 2016 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
Lucy Jackson (Oct.11, 1867-after 1923)
Known as: Princesse Lucie, La Belle Jackson, Bella Jackson
African-American Singer & Dancer
Lucy Thomas, born c. October 1867 (or 1869) in Charleston, South Carolina had no known relatives besides an uncle Richard Brown from Virginia. At some point in the 1880's, young Lucy Thomas relocated to Savannah, Georgia where she met and married Gilbert Jackson on April 19th, 1886 in a ceremony conducted by the Rev. Harry B. Hamilton. Strangely, the couple doesn't appear in the 1890 US Census, in fact neither of them appear in any records except during their wedding.
In the spring of 1895, talent scout and stage manager Billy McClain, with the financial backing of Nate Salsbury (formerly of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show), thought of the idea of exploiting America's slave heritage by romanticizing it into a sort of human zoo. Over 300-400 African-Americans from Virginia, Georgia and the Carolinas were hired and transported up to New York (a young Lucy Jackson amongst them) for this massive production. On May 11th, South Brooklyn's Ambrose Park was completely renovated for the show's production, erecting nearly 100 log cabins to accommodate the cast of 400 negroes. A cotton gin was also constructed, bales of cotton, cotton bushes, poultry and livestock were scattered throughout the park.
Opening May 25th, 1895, "Black America" was promoted as outdoor theme-park extravaganza showcasing the American Negro, "from the jungles of Africa to the civilization of America." For six weeks, the production showcased a Baltimore brass band, jubilee singers, acrobats, foot races, buck and wing dances as well as performances from the star of the entire production, Miss Flowers. On July 15th, the show moved up to Boston, performing in a huge tent along Huntington Avenue and performing in parades on major Boston streets for eight successful weeks. Returning to New York on September 16th, the show performed for the remainder of the month at the Winter Garden Theater. The show later moved on to Philadelphia's Grand Opera Theater (Oct.4-Nov.30) and Washington DC's Convention Hall (Oct.22) before finally falling apart. Unfortunately, the show wasn't financially successful and left the directors in debt. The proposed plan to take the show to London was promptly cancelled and Nate Salsbury moved on to produce his latest venture, "Darkest America".
On April 15th, 1896, the remnants of "Black America" (now composed of 25 members) boarded the Erie 8 train from Marion, Ohio heading east to New York, where a ship awaited to take them to Europe. At some point, Bavarian theater director Ludwig Anwander from Schliersee had taken over the show. In September 1895, during his first trip to America, he witnessed the production and offered to take the production to Europe. Arriving in Berlin by May 25th, the show performed throughout the month at a German Exposition. The following month, the show appeared at Leipzig's Theater Hotel Stadt Nurnberg (Jun.1, 1896) possibly for another month's engagement. On July 1st, the show was back in Berlin at the Theater Neu-Berlin before disappearing. It seems they left for Chemnitz, as Lucy files for a passport at the American Consulate on July 8th, presenting her 1886 marriage certificate to the consul as proof of her American origins. Another detail on this passport was inability to sign her name, signing two X's as her signature. Afterwards, the show returned to Berlin, where it played a week at the Belle-Alliance Gardens. In August, for a week, the troupe performed in the port city of Stettin at the Elysium Theater (this time with only 12 members). Around this point, Herr Anwander sold the show to a Russian Impresario before he returned home to Southern Germany.
Crossing into the Russian frontier during the late summer of 1896, the show's new manager arranged two lengthy engagements in St. Petersburg and Moscow, where the show became a popular novelty act before eventually dissolving. Lucy remained in Russia for the next three years.
On January 10th, 1899, after possibly touring around the Russian Empire, Lucy arrived at the American Consulate to apply for a new passport in preparations for a solo European tour. Ten months later, she appeared at Prague's Olympia Theater (Nov.1-15) for two weeks, where she was billed as the Schwarze Schonheit (Black Beauty) from South Africa's Transvaal. Nearby, the young Arabella Fields was appearing at the Etablissement Sykora. The following year, she returned to Prague, appearing as Princess Lucie Jackson at the K.u.K. Hofbrauhaus (May 16-19).
In April 1901, Lucy was in Berlin engaged at the famous Passage-Theater performing German lieder to enthusiastic audiences.
In December 1903, she was performing at Hamburg's Sagbiel Etablissement (Dec.5-23). On December 18th, during this engagement, she visited the American Consulate for a new passport before crossing the border the following month back home into Russia. Strangely, she listed Montreal as her birthplace.
After a possible St. Petersburg engagement, Lucy (now billed as La Belle Jackson) performed the Cake-Walk at Helsinki's Societethuset, also known as the illustrious Seurahuone Hotel (Feb.21-Mar.18, 1904). This was followed by a lengthy Scandinavian tour. In April, she had a month's engagement in Stockholm's Svea Salen Theater (Apr.9-22). In August, she could be seen at Copenhagen's Vennelyst Variete (Aug.24-Sep.9). Established in 1892, the Vennelyst was a large alloment garden in central Copenhagen, dotted with numerous small allotments and cottages, where the Danish working-class could unwind. On August 28th, after a performance, a Danish man, Mr. Woller attempted to grab and kiss Lucy in the streets, which resulted in her beating the man severely according to local newspapers. The duo were seized and taken to the nearest police station before being promptly released. On September 14th, Lucy moved over to the Apollo Teatret (Sep.14-25) beside the Tivoli Gardens on the Vesterbrogade, where she was billed as the Sorte Nattergal (Black Nightingale) for two weeks.
Late-1905, while Russia suffered from the Russo-Japanese War and the 1905 Revolution, Lucy travelled to Austria, appearing at Vienna's Joh. Weigl's Variete (Jul.1, 1905) and Lemberg's Colosseum Hermanow (Nov.8-15) before disappearing altogether.
On December 16th, 1906, Lucy resurfaced in Switzerland, performing as a member of the "Smith and Bella Jackson" duo at Basel's Cardinal Theater. Her new partner, William Henry Smith (Apr.21, 1879) from Philadelphia. Arrived in Europe in 1903 with the "12 Georgia Piccaninnies", Mr. Smith eventually abandoned the troupe sometime in 1906 to join Lucy.
Early 1907, the couple traveled east to Budapest, where they were engaged for a month and a half at the Nemzetkozi Orfeum (Feb.16-Mar.19). On February 16th, they also secured a new passport from the American Legation. On May 18th, they moved over to the Szinhaz Variete. On July 21st, the couple arrived in the Hungarian city of Szeged (near the Romanian border), appearing at the Tarka Szinpadon.
Early 1908, the duo traveled southeast to Romania, applying for a passport at Bucharest's American Embassy on April 22nd. Interestingly, Lucy had began learning how to sign her name (possibly due to the aid of Smith), as noted by her poorly written signature on the passport application. That summer, Smith and Jackson returned to Russia, appearing in the "Grand Concert Divertissement Cosmopolite" at St. Petersburg's Bouffe Gardens (Jul.4-Aug.11).
In March 1910, the duo were at Hamburg's Flora Theater, where interestingly enough, Bella Jackson was praised for her performance of Tyrolean folk songs. Two months later, they were thrilling audiences in Budapest's Karolyi Gardens (May 26-Jun.1). Throughout the year, they were bombarded with numerous engagements across the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In August, they were at Teplitz's Cursaale Theater (Aug.5), the following month at Budapest's Feher Cabaret (Sep.29-Oct.1). In October, they traveled north to Lemberg's Casino de Paris (Oct.8-15) before heading east to Czernowitz (along the Russian-Romanian border) to perform at the Variete Bellevue (Oct.16-30) for two weeks. In December, they were in Vienna, where they applied on December 29th for a new passport to travel into Romania.
Throughout 1911-1912, the duo toured across Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey and Egypt. During the course of this tour, they became acquainted with the Cousins (an American duo composed of Afro-American singer, Sam Cousins and his Austrian-American wife Bertha). In May 1912, Smith and Jackson were back in Europe, performing at Vienna's Café Trianon (May 1-13). Four months later, they were at Budapest's Kabaret Pannoniaban (Sep.29-Oct.6) and later Kabaret Magyar Kiralyban (Oct.22-31).
Early 1913, the couple found themselves in northern Austria (Bohemia), appearing in Reichenburg's Meiningers Variete (Mar.1-6) and later Prague's Kabarett Wespe (Jul.20). That winter, while engaged in Hamburg, the pair applied for a passport on December 23rd for their plans to return east to Romania and Russia.
During the spring of 1914, the couple were back in Prague, residing at 47 Wenzelsplatz. While there, the couple joined African-American artist Mose Harris, forming the "Philadelphia Trio". The trio spent two weeks at the Alhambra Palais de Danse (Apr.16-30). In June, the trio crossed into the Russian Empire, performing for two weeks at the Majorenhof Sea Pavillon in Riga (Jun.1-15). On June 28, 1914, during their Baltic tour, Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo, setting in motion the events leading to the outbreak of World War I. On August 4, after Germany invaded Belgium, while simultaneously attacking France, Great Britain declared war on Germany. The Philadelphia Trio arrived in Petrograd on September 17th.
By October 1915, they had relocated to Moscow, settling in the Hotel Boston as noted by their passport application on November 24th. For three months, the Philadelphia trio were among the leading attractions at the Maxim Cabaret (owned by famous African-American businessman Frederick B. Thomas). By the fall of 1916, the Philadelphia Trio had seperated and Smith & Jackson relocated to Petrograd, appearing at the Sirene Cinema (Sep.15-16).
Early 1917, they were performing at the Kino-Palace (Jan.17-22) and later the Kino-Olympia (Apr.18-21). The duo briefly returned to Moscow on April 19th to obtain new passports before returning to the Russian capital.
On March 8, 1917, over seven thousand female textile workers from St. Petersburg's Vyborg district, marched through the streets crying for bread. The shortages had left the lower class starving, cold and desperate. From March 9-15, Cossacks patrolled the streets and machine guns were positioned everywhere. Protesters filled the streets only to be met by gunfire. All the blood spilling in the streets caused many soldiers to mutiny and join the mobs. Prisoners across the city were released into the streets, gendarmes were murdered, courthouses, arsenals, shops, private homes and the Ministry of the Interior were looted and ransacked. Mobs killed any respectable looking men, causing many gendarmes to strip their uniforms and flee the city. On March 16, Tsar Nikolai II abdicated and many aristocrats fled to the countryside. The old order evaporated and anarchy spread.
In August, they were back in Moscow, making sure to renew their passports again on August 21st with fellow entertainer, Peter C. Johnson. Smith and Jackson were last seen in Russia on October 6th, registering with the consulate and preparing to board the Trans-Siberian train east towards Harbin.
Early 1918, after a brief engagement in Harbin, the duo continued south through Peking towards Shanghai, arriving in the Republic of China's largest city by July. After a four month engagement in Shanghai, on October 15th, the pair applied for new American passports before packing up for the Philippines. The duo were engaged for six successful months in Manila, due to the popularity of American Ragtime in Southeast Asia at the time.
On April 25th, 1919, Smith and Jackson boarded the SS Suwa Maru heading towards an engagement in Hong Kong. The following month, they were found in Malaya, at Singapore's Palladium Theatre (May 26-31) and later the Gaiety Theatre (Jun.3-9). That winter, they were engaged in British India, performing in the bustling city of Calcutta. On December 9th, while applying at the American Consulate-General, Smith and Jackson both listed that they were now married. In 1920, the couple appeared across Burma, the Dutch East Indies, Sumatra, Siam and French Indochina before returning home to China.
On January 29, 1923, William H. Smith died at Shanghai's General Hospital and later buried at the Bubbling Wells Cemetery. Lucy, who was residing at the Continental Hotel, cancelled their upcoming appearance at Singapore's Stadium and disappeared completely.
20" Fuel Wheels
35" Toyo Tires
2.5" Rough Country Lift
Westin Front & Rear Bumpers
AMP Research Power Steps
Jeep Spare Tire Relocation Plate
20" Light Bar
9500lb Winch
2" Square Lights
A very odd looking movement much similar to NSWGR and SRA days of taking locos off to be scrapped, but not it this case.
Running under Sydney Rail Services (SRS) as D994 from Bomaderry Via Meeks Rd, 4501 and 4464 in push pull formation haul 7319, 7333 and 7322 through Bargo on the Main South, en route to Goulburn for a new lease of life as a future project.
7319 had spent most of its life at Cootamundra during the 70s, 7322 based in Orange and 7333 was based in Broadmeadow.
All three units were owned by Manildra before being purchased recently.
British postcard by Rotary Photo, no. 4482 F. Photo: Foulsham & Banfield. Publicity still for the stage production The Last of His Race (1907) with Constance Collier as Adulola.
Constance Collier (1878–1955) was an English stage and film actress and later one of Hollywood's premiere drama and voice coaches. In a career that covered six decades, she evolved into one of London’s and Broadway’s finest tragediennes. Although she appeared in a number of silent British and American films, her career in the cinema got really on steam in her senior years when Collier appeared in well-regarded supporting roles in more than twenty Hollywood productions.
In 1878, Constance Collier was born Laura Constance Hardie, in Windsor, Berkshire. She was the only child of Cheetham Agaste Hardie and Eliza Collier, both minor professional actors. Constance made her stage debut at the age of 3, when she played Fairy Peasblossom in A Midsummer's Night Dream. In 1893, at the age of 15, she joined the famous Gaiety Girls dance troupe of the famed George Edwardes-Hall, based at the Gaiety Theatre in London. Groomed extensively in singing, dancing and elocution, she managed to stand out among those others in the chorus line and went on to featured status in two of Edwardes-Hall's biggest hits, A Gaiety Girl (1894) and The Shop Girl (1894). In addition, she had an enormous personality and considerable determination. Just after the turn of the century (1901) she was invited to join the theatre company of the esteemed Herbert Beerbohm Tree, who had been searching for a comparably tall leading lady to play opposite him. In 1905, Collier married handsome English actor Julian Boyle (stage name Julian L'Estrange). They performed together for many years until his death in 1918 in New York from the deadly Spanish influenza. No children were born from the marriage. In 1906, Beerbohm Tree's extravagant revival of Antony and Cleopatra opened at His Majesty's Theatre, with Tree as Mark Antony and Constance Collier as Cleopatra, a performance for which she received much critical praise. Collier was now established as a popular and distinguished actress. In 1908, she starred with Beerbohm Tree at His Majesty's Theatre in J. Comyn's new play The Mystery of Edwin Drood, based on Charles Dickens's unfinished novel. Later that year, she made the first of several tours of the United States. Collier made a successful American stage debut in 1908 with Samson at the Garrick Theatre in New York opposite well-known American actor/playwright William Gillette. During the second tour, made with Beerbohm Tree in 1916, she appeared in four silent films. Her film debut was The Tongues of Men (Frank Lloyd, 1916), based on a 1913 Broadway play by Edward Childs Carpenter. The other films were the romantic crime drama The Code of Marcia Gray (Frank Lloyd, 1916), Macbeth (John Emerson, assisted by Erich von Stroheim, 1919) as Lady Macbeth opposite Herbert Beerbohm Tree, and an uncredited appearance in Intolerance (D. W. Griffith, 1916). She can be seen being carried through the entrance to the city in the Babylonian part of the film. She later starred in the British silent films The Impossible Woman (Meyrick Milton, 1919), and Bleak House (Maurice Elvey, 1920) - one of the many silent film versions of Charles Dickens' stories.
In the early 1920s, Constance Collier established a close friendship with Ivor Novello, who was then a young, handsome actor. They appeared together in the film The Bohemian Girl (Harley Knoles, 1922), starring Gladys Cooper. Novello’s first play, The Rat, was written in collaboration with her in 1924. She also appeared in several plays with him, including the British version of the American success, The Firebrand by Edwin Justus Mayer. In the late 1920s Collier relocated to Hollywood where she became a voice coach and teacher in diction. This was during the tumultuous changeover from silent films to sound and many silent actors with no theater training were scrambling for lessons. Her most famous pupil was arguably Colleen Moore. In 1935, upon her arrival in Hollywood, Luise Rainer hired Collier to improve Rainer's theatre acting and English, and to learn the basics of film acting. Collier nevertheless maintained ties to Broadway and would appear in several plays in the 1930s. Her writing career is notable for her collaboration with Deems Taylor on the libretto of the opera Peter Ibbetson which was premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in February 1931 and which received mixed reviews. In 1932 Collier starred as Carlotta Vance in the original production of George S. Kaufman and Edna Ferber's comedy Dinner at Eight. The role was played in the 1933 film version by Marie Dressler. Collier appeared in more than 20 Hollywood films, including Stage Door (Gregory La Cava, 1937) starring Katharine Hepburn, Kitty (Mitchell Leisen, 1945) as the comic Lady Susan, the drunken aunt of Ray Milland, Perils of Pauline (George Marshall, 1947) with Betty Hutton, Rope (Alfred Hitchcock, 1948) and Whirlpool (Otto Preminger, 1949). Constance Collier was presented with the American Shakespeare Festival Theatre Award for distinguished service in training and guiding actors in Shakespearean roles. Collier was a drama coach for many famous actors, including Audrey Hepburn, Vivien Leigh and Marilyn Monroe. She also coached Katharine Hepburn during Hepburn's world tour performing Shakespeare in the 1950s. Upon Collier's death in 1955, Constance Collier died of natural causes in Manhattan in 1955 at age of 77. The marriage to L'Estrange produced no children and she never remarried. Katharine Hepburn ‘inherited’ Collier's secretary Phyllis Wilbourn, who remained with Hepburn as her secretary for 40 years. Collier has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Sources: Gary Brumburgh (IMDb), Wikipedia and IMDb.
Food prep area number two. Pity about the rock wire netting. After this, the carcass was relocated all the way back to it's original location.
(Clare)
In 1997, I was privileged to witness this cheetah mother target her meal, explode into chase, and run the Impala down with no help from her 3 cubs. In this frame, she works to pull the kill into the shade and protection of a large bush. You can see how one of the cubs is already working to start the feast.
Cheetahs are indeed the fastest land animal, and we saw that. Mombo, Botswana, June 1997.
WEEK 33 – Tuesday Morning Relocation
As promised, today we're taking a look at Tuesday Morning's future Southaven home, the former South Lake Centre Dressbarn store, during the conversion period. I was surprised to discover the conversion is taking much more effort than I would have expected! Based on the no-frills appearance of the current store's interior, I imagined the company was happy with settling for a lower square footage total here thanks to the projected tripling of sales in this location. But, since we can literally see out of the back of the store (!!) in this image, that's obviously not the case! (cont.)
Tuesday Morning // 195 Goodman Road W, Southaven, MS 38671
(c) 2016 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
WEEK 16 – BAM Southaven Relocation: New Store, Set 1
Taking a stroll down the main aisle now, the first major department we come upon is Pop World. Again, very similar to the old store, except here Pop World has moved over to the right side of the store as compared to the left. That actually makes a lot of sense, considering that that row of support columns you see on the left of the shot required the actionway to be a little off-center. As a result, the aisles on this side of the store are shorter than those on the left, and subsequently the non-book departments were largely placed over here.
(c) 2017 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
Yes, that Dollar Tree is new. It opened in April 2019 replacing an old Walgreens which relocated to a stand alone location. There are 2 other dollar stores in Mauston, Dollar General, and Family Dollar, so I don't think that had any impact on this Kmart.
The Post Office Railway was a 610 mm narrow gauge, driverless underground railway that was built by the Post Office with assistance from the Underground Electric Railways Company of London, to transport mail between sorting offices.
The line ran from Paddington Head District Sorting Office in the west to the Eastern Head District Sorting Office at Whitechapel in the east (shown foreground in the graphic), a distance of 6.5 miles. It had eight stations, the largest of which was underneath Mount Pleasant, but by 2003 only three stations remained in use because the sorting offices above the other stations had been relocated.
It opened in 1927 and operated for 76 years until it closed in 2003.
Niagara Falls is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 48,671. It is adjacent to the Niagara River, across from the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and named after the famed Niagara Falls which they share. The city is within the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area and the Western New York region.
While the city was formerly inhabited by Native Americans, Europeans who migrated to the Niagara Falls in the mid-17th century began to open businesses and develop infrastructure. Later in the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists and businessmen began harnessing the power of the Niagara River for electricity and the city began to attract manufacturers and other businesses drawn by the promise of inexpensive hydroelectric power. After the 1960s, however, the city and region witnessed an economic decline, following an attempt at urban renewal under then Mayor Lackey. Consistent with the rest of the Rust Belt as industries left the city, old line affluent families relocated to nearby suburbs and out of town.
Despite the decline in heavy industry, Niagara Falls State Park and the downtown area closest to the falls continue to thrive as a result of tourism. The population, however, has continued to decline from a peak of 102,394 in the 1960s due to the loss of manufacturing jobs in the area.
Before Europeans entered the area, it was dominated by the Neutral Nation of Native Americans. European migration into the area began in the 17th century. The first recorded European to visit the area was Frenchman Robert de la Salle, who built Fort Conti at the mouth of the Niagara River early in 1679, with permission from the Iroquois, as a base for boatbuilding; his ship Le Griffon was built on the upper Niagara River at or near Cayuga Creek in the same year. He was accompanied by Belgian priest Louis Hennepin, who was the first known European to see the falls. The influx of newcomers may have been a catalyst for already hostile native tribes to turn to open warfare in competition for the fur trade.
The City of Niagara Falls was incorporated on March 17, 1892, from the villages of Manchester and Suspension Bridge, which were parts of the Town of Niagara. Thomas Vincent Welch, a member of the charter committee and a New York state assemblyman and a second-generation Irish American, persuaded Governor Roswell P. Flower to sign the bill on St. Patrick's Day. George W. Wright was elected the first mayor of Niagara Falls.
By the end of the 19th century, the city was heavily industrialized, due in part to the power potential offered by the Niagara River. Tourism was considered a secondary niche, while manufacturing of petrochemicals, abrasives, metallurgical products and other materials was the main producer of jobs and attracted a large number of workers, many of whom were immigrants.
Industry and tourism grew steadily throughout the first half of the 20th century due to a high demand for industrial products and the increased mobility of people to travel. Paper, rubber, plastics, petrochemicals, carbon insulators and abrasives were among the city's major industries. This prosperity would end by the late 1960s as aging industrial plants moved to less expensive locations. In addition, the falls were incompatible with modern shipping technology.[further explanation needed]
In 1956, the Schoellkopf Power Plant on the lower river just downstream of the American Falls was critically damaged by the collapse of the Niagara Gorge wall above it. This prompted the planning and construction of one of the largest hydroelectric plants to be built in North America to that time, generating a large influx of workers and families to the area. New York City urban planner Robert Moses built the new power plant in nearby Lewiston, New York. Much of the power generated there fueled growing demands for power in downstate New York and New York City.
The neighborhood of Love Canal gained national media attention in 1978 when toxic waste contamination from a chemical landfill beneath it forced United States President Jimmy Carter to declare a state of emergency, the first such presidential declaration made for a non-natural disaster. Hundreds of residents were evacuated from the area, many of whom were ill because of exposure to chemical waste.
After the Love Canal disaster, the city—which had already been declining in population for nearly two decades—experienced accelerated economic and political difficulties. The costs of manufacturing elsewhere had become less expensive, which led to the closure of several factories. The city's population eventually dropped by more than half of its peak, as workers fled the city in search of jobs elsewhere. Then, much like the nearby city of Buffalo, the city's economy plummeted when a failed urban renewal project destroyed Falls Street and the tourist district.
In 2001, the leadership of Laborers Local 91 was found guilty of extortion, racketeering and other crimes following an exposé by Mike Hudson of the Niagara Falls Reporter. Union boss Michael "Butch" Quarcini died before trial, while the rest of the union leadership was sentenced to prison.
In early 2010, former Niagara Falls Mayor Vincenzo Anello was indicted on federal charges of corruption, alleging the mayor accepted $40,000 in loans from a businessman who was later awarded a no-bid lease on city property. The charges were dropped as part of a plea deal after Anello pleaded guilty to unrelated charges of pension fraud, regarding a pension from the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, of which he is a member. He was sentenced to 10 to 16 months in prison.
The city's decline received national exposure from Bloomberg Businessweek in 2010.
On November 30, 2010, the New York State Attorney General entered into an agreement with the city and its police department to create new policies to govern police practices in response to claims of excessive force and police misconduct. The city committed to create policies and procedures to prevent and respond to allegations of excessive force, and to ensure police are properly trained and complaints are properly investigated. Prior claims filed by residents will be evaluated by an independent panel.
In 2020, a public square named Cataract Commons opened on Old Falls Street. It is a public space for outdoor events and activities.
The city has multiple properties on the National Register of Historic Places. It also has three national historic districts, including Chilton Avenue-Orchard Parkway Historic District, Deveaux School Historic District and the Park Place Historic District.
Niagara Falls is at the international boundary between the United States and Canada. The city is within the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area and is approximately 16 miles (26 km) from Buffalo, New York.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 16.8 square miles (44 km2), of which 14.1 square miles (37 km2) is land and 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) (16.37%) is water. The city is built along the Niagara Falls and the Niagara Gorge, which is next to the Niagara River.
Niagara Falls has a humid continental climate (Dfa). The city experiences cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Precipitation is moderate and consistent in all seasons, falling equally or more as snow during the winter. The city has snowier than average winters compared to most cities in the US, however less than many other cities in Upstate New York including nearby Buffalo and Rochester. Thaw cycles with temperatures above 32 °F (0 °C) are a common occurrence. The hottest and coldest temperatures recorded in the decade through 2015 were 97 °F (36 °C) in 2005 and −13 °F (−25 °C) in 2003, respectively. 38% of warm season precipitation falls in the form of a thunderstorm.
Buffalo Avenue – runs along the south end along the Niagara River once home to a vast number of old families with architecturally significant mansions; further east (past John Daly Boulevard) the street is surrounded by a number of industrial sites to 56th Street before returning to a residential area and ending at the Love Canal area at 102nd Street.
Central District
Deveaux – Located in the northwestern corner (west of the North End) along the Niagara River is residential area built in the 1920s to 1940s. Named for Judge Samuel DeVeaux who left his estate to be established as the Deveaux College for Orphans and Destitute Children in 1853 (closed 1971), now the site of DeVeaux Woods State Park and DeVeaux School Historical District.
Downtown – Area around the Falls and home to hotels including Seneca Niagara Resort Casino, Niagara Falls State Park, Niagara Falls Culinary Institute (formerly Rainbow Centre Factory Outlet)
East Side – the area bounded by the gorge on the west, Niagara Street on the south, Ontario Avenue on the North and Main Street (NY Rt 104) on the east.
Hyde Park – Located near the namesake Hyde Park next to Little Italy as well as home to Hyde Park Municipal Golf Course.
LaSalle – Bounded by 80th Street, Niagara Falls Boulevard, Cayuga Drive and LaSalle Expressway was built up in the 1940s to 1960s. Cayuga Island is linked to neighborhood. The actual neighborhood where the Love Canal was to be built.
Little Italy – home to a once predominately Italian community that runs along Pine Avenue from Main Street to Hyde Park Boulevard
Love Canal – Established in the 1950s on land acquired from Hooker Chemical Company. Most of the neighborhood was evacuated in the 1980s after toxic waste was discovered underground. Resettlement began in 1990.[24]
Niagara Street – residential area east of Downtown along Niagara Street (distinct from Niagara Ave.) once home to a predominately German and Polish community.
North End – runs along Highland Avenue in the north end of the city before it merges with Hyde Park Boulevard.
As of the census of 2010, there were 50,193 people, 22,603 households, and 12,495 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,987.7 people per square mile (1,153.5 per square km). There were 26,220 housing units at an average density of 1,560.7 per square mile (602.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 70.5% White, 21.6% African American, 1.9% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.
There were 22,603 households, out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8% were married couples living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.7% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 4.02.
In the city, 22% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.1% aged from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,800, and the median income for a family was $34,377. Males had a median income of $31,672 versus $22,124 for females. 23% of the population was below the poverty line.
Niagara Falls has a number of places of worship, including the Salvation Army, First Assembly of God Church, First Unitarian Universalist Church of Niagara, St. Peter's Episcopal Church, First Presbyterian Church, St. Theresa Roman Catholic Church in Deveaux, and the Reform Jewish Temple Beth El. The Conservative Jewish Temple Beth Israel closed in 2012.
Niagara Falls has struggled with high rates of violent and property crime; FBI crime data indicate that the city has among the highest crime rates in New York state. In response to gun violence, volunteer groups such as Operation SNUG mobilized to promote positive community involvement in the troubled areas of the city.
Comptroller reported that Niagara Falls has "struggled through decades of population losses, rising crime and repeated attempts to reinvent itself from a manufacturing town with some tourism to a major tourist destination." The city became a boomtown with the opening of the New York State Power Authority's hydroelectric Niagara Power Plant in the 1960s; the cheap electricity produced by the plant generated power for a burgeoning manufacturing industry. Along with the rest of Western New York, Niagara Falls suffered a significant economic decline from a decline in industry by the 1970s. Today, the city struggles to compete with Niagara Falls, Ontario; the Canadian side has a greater average annual income, a higher average home price, and lower levels of vacant buildings and blight, as well as a more vibrant economy and better tourism infrastructure. The population of Niagara Falls, New York fell by half from the 1960s to 2012. In contrast, the population of Niagara Falls, Ontario more than tripled. In 2000, the city's median household income was 36% below the national average. In 2012, the city's unemployment rate was significantly higher than the statewide unemployment rate.
Significant sources of economic activity in the region includes the Niagara Falls International Airport, which was renovated in 2009; the Seneca Gaming Corporation's Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel, which opened in the 2000s respectively; and the nearby Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station.
In late 2001, the State of New York established the USA Niagara Development Corporation, a subsidiary to the State's economic development agency, to focus specifically on facilitating development in the downtown area. However, the organization has been criticized for making little progress and doing little to improve the city's economy.
From 1973 to 2002, the city had a Convention and Civic Center on 4th street. In 2002 the venue was converted into the Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel. In 2004, a new Niagara Falls Convention Center (NFCC) opened on Old Falls Street. The Old Falls Street venue has 116,000 square feet for exhibitions and meetings, and a 32,200-square-foot event/exhibit hall.
The city is home to the Niagara Falls State Park. The park has several attractions, including Cave of the Winds behind the Bridal Veil Falls, Maid of the Mist, a popular boat tour which operates at the foot of the Rainbow Bridge, Prospect Point and its observation tower, Niagara Discovery Center, Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center, and the Aquarium of Niagara.
Several other attractions also near the river, including Whirlpool State Park, De Veaux Woods State Park, Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park in nearby Lewiston (town), New York, and Fort Niagara State Park in Youngstown, New York.
Attractions in the downtown include the Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel and Pine Avenue which was historically home to a large Italian American population and is now known as Little Italy for its abundance of shops and quality restaurants.
The Niagara Power of the New York Collegiate Baseball League play at Sal Maglie Stadium. The team is owned by Niagara University. The Cataract City Wolverines of the Gridiron Developmental Football League are a minor league football team based in Niagara Falls. The team played their inaugural season in 2021.
In 2017, the Tier III junior North American 3 Hockey League team, the Lockport Express, relocated to Niagara Falls as the Niagara Falls PowerHawks.
Former sports teams based in Niagara Falls include the Class-A Niagara Falls Sox, the Class-A Niagara Falls Rapids, the Niagara Falls Lancers of the Midwest Football League, and the Western New York Thundersnow of the Premier Basketball League and American Basketball Association.
The City of Niagara Falls functions under a strong mayor-council form of government. The government consists of a mayor, a professional city administrator, and a city council. The current mayor is Robert Restaino.
The city council serves four-year, staggered terms, except in the case of a special election. It is headed by a chairperson, who votes in all items for council action.
On a state level, Niagara Falls is part of the 145th Assembly District of New York State, represented by Republican Angelo Morinello. Niagara Falls is also part of the 62nd Senate District of New York State, represented by Republican Robert Ortt.
On a national level, the city is part of New York's 26th congressional district and is represented by Congressman Brian Higgins. In the United States Senate, the city and the state are represented by senators Charles Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand.
Founded in 1892 Niagara Falls Police Department provide local law enforcement in the city with 155 sworn officers. This force is not to be mistaken for the Town of Niagara, New York which has a smaller force founded in 1954.
Residents are zoned to the Niagara Falls City School District. Niagara University and Niagara County Community College are the two colleges in Niagara County.
Since Niagara Falls is within the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the city's media is predominantly served by the city of Buffalo.
The city has two local newspapers, the Niagara Gazette, which is published daily except Tuesday and The Messenger Of Niagara Falls, NY which is published quarterly. The Messenger Of Niagara Falls, NY, which is officially Niagara Falls, New York's, first black-owned and operated news publication, founded October 2018. The Messenger Of Niagara Falls, NY published its inaugural issue April 2019. The Buffalo News is the closest major newspaper in the area. The city also is the home to a weekly tabloid known as the Niagara Falls Reporter.
Three radio stations are licensed to the city of Niagara Falls, including WHLD AM 1270, WEBR AM 1440, and WTOR AM 770.
Niagara Falls is primarily served by the Buffalo Niagara International Airport for regional and domestic flights within the United States. The recently expanded Niagara Falls International Airport serves the city, and many cross border travellers with flights to Myrtle Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Orlando and Punta Gorda. Toronto's Pearson International Airport on the Canadian side is the closest airport offering long-haul international flights for the Niagara region.
The city is served by Amtrak's Maple Leaf and Empire train services, with regular stops at the Niagara Falls Station and Customhouse Interpretive Center at 825 Depot Ave West.
Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority is the public transit provider in the Buffalo metro area, with hubs at the Portage Road and Niagara Falls transportation centers.
Six New York State highways, one three-digit Interstate Highway, one expressway, one U.S. Highway, and one parkways pass through the city of Niagara Falls. New York State Route 31, New York State Route 104, and New York State Route 182 are east–west state roadways within the city, while New York State Route 61, New York State Route 265, and New York State Route 384 are north–south state roadways within the city. The LaSalle Expressway is an east–west highway which terminates near the eastern edge of Niagara Falls and begins in the nearby town of Wheatfield, New York. The Niagara Scenic Parkway is a north–south parkway that formerly ran through the city along the northern edge of the Niagara River. It remains in sections and terminates in Youngstown, New York.
Interstate 190, also referred to as the Niagara Expressway, is a north–south highway and a spur of Interstate 90 which borders the eastern end of the city. The highway enters the city from the town of Niagara and exits at the North Grand Island Bridge. U.S. Route 62, known as Niagara Falls Boulevard, Walnut Avenue, and Ferry Avenue, is signed as a north–south highway. U.S. Route 62 has an east–west orientation, and is partially split between two one-way streets within Niagara Falls. Walnut Avenue carries U.S. Route 62 west to its northern terminus at NY 104, and Ferry Avenue carries U.S. Route 62 east from downtown Niagara Falls. U.S. Route 62 Business, locally known as Pine Avenue, is an east–west route which parallels U.S. Route 62 to the south. Its western terminus is at NY 104, and its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 62.
Two international bridges connect the city to Niagara Falls, Ontario. The Rainbow Bridge connects the two cities with passenger and pedestrian traffic and overlooks the Niagara Falls, while the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge, which formerly carried the Canadian National Railway, now serves local traffic and Amtrak's Maple Leaf service.
New York, sometimes called New York State, is a state in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders New Jersey and Pennsylvania to its south, New England and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec to its north, and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. With almost 19.6 million residents, it is the fourth-most populous state in the United States and eighth-most densely populated as of 2023. New York is the 27th-largest U.S. state by area, with a total area of 54,556 square miles (141,300 km2).
New York has a varied geography. The southeastern part of the state, known as Downstate, encompasses New York City, the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, the most populous island in the United States, and the lower Hudson Valley. These areas are the center of the New York metropolitan area, a sprawling urban landmass, and account for approximately two-thirds of the state's population. The much larger Upstate area spreads from the Great Lakes to Lake Champlain, and includes the Adirondack Mountains and the Catskill Mountains (part of the wider Appalachian Mountains). The east–west Mohawk River Valley bisects the more mountainous regions of Upstate, and flows into the north–south Hudson River valley near the state capital of Albany. Western New York, home to the cities of Buffalo and Rochester, is part of the Great Lakes region and borders Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Central New York is anchored by the city of Syracuse; between the central and western parts of the state, New York is dominated by the Finger Lakes, a popular tourist destination. To the south, along the state border with Pennsylvania, the Southern Tier sits atop the Allegheny Plateau, representing the northernmost reaches of Appalachia.
New York was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that went on to form the United States. The area of present-day New York had been inhabited by tribes of the Algonquians and the Iroquois Confederacy Native Americans for several thousand years by the time the earliest Europeans arrived. Stemming from Henry Hudson's expedition in 1609, the Dutch established the multiethnic colony of New Netherland in 1621. England seized the colony from the Dutch in 1664, renaming it the Province of New York. During the American Revolutionary War, a group of colonists eventually succeeded in establishing independence, and the former colony was officially admitted into the United States in 1788. From the early 19th century, New York's development of its interior, beginning with the construction of the Erie Canal, gave it incomparable advantages over other regions of the United States. The state built its political, cultural, and economic ascendancy over the next century, earning it the nickname of the "Empire State." Although deindustrialization eroded a significant portion of the state's economy in the second half of the 20th century, New York in the 21st century continues to be considered as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, and environmental sustainability.
The state attracts visitors from all over the globe, with the highest count of any U.S. state in 2022. Many of its landmarks are well known, including four of the world's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, Niagara Falls and Grand Central Terminal. New York is home to approximately 200 colleges and universities, including two Ivy League universities, Columbia University and Cornell University, and the expansive State University of New York, which is among the largest university systems in the nation. New York City is home to the headquarters of the United Nations, and it is sometimes described as the world's most important city, the cultural, financial, and media epicenter, and the capital of the world.
The history of New York begins around 10,000 B.C. when the first people arrived. By 1100 A.D. two main cultures had become dominant as the Iroquoian and Algonquian developed. European discovery of New York was led by the Italian Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 followed by the first land claim in 1609 by the Dutch. As part of New Netherland, the colony was important in the fur trade and eventually became an agricultural resource thanks to the patroon system. In 1626, the Dutch thought they had bought the island of Manhattan from Native Americans.[1] In 1664, England renamed the colony New York, after the Duke of York and Albany, brother of King Charles II. New York City gained prominence in the 18th century as a major trading port in the Thirteen Colonies.
New York played a pivotal role during the American Revolution and subsequent war. The Stamp Act Congress in 1765 brought together representatives from across the Thirteen Colonies to form a unified response to British policies. The Sons of Liberty were active in New York City to challenge British authority. After a major loss at the Battle of Long Island, the Continental Army suffered a series of additional defeats that forced a retreat from the New York City area, leaving the strategic port and harbor to the British army and navy as their North American base of operations for the rest of the war. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the war in favor of the Americans, convincing France to formally ally with them. New York's constitution was adopted in 1777, and strongly influenced the United States Constitution. New York City was the national capital at various times between 1788 and 1790, where the Bill of Rights was drafted. Albany became the permanent state capital in 1797. In 1787, New York became the eleventh state to ratify the United States Constitution.
New York hosted significant transportation advancements in the 19th century, including the first steamboat line in 1807, the Erie Canal in 1825, and America's first regularly scheduled rail service in 1831. These advancements led to the expanded settlement of western New York and trade ties to the Midwest settlements around the Great Lakes.
Due to New York City's trade ties to the South, there were numerous southern sympathizers in the early days of the American Civil War and the mayor proposed secession. Far from any of the battles, New York ultimately sent the most soldiers and money to support the Union cause. Thereafter, the state helped create the industrial age and consequently was home to some of the first labor unions.
During the 19th century, New York City became the main entry point for European immigrants to the United States, beginning with a wave of Irish during their Great Famine. Millions came through Castle Clinton in Battery Park before Ellis Island opened in 1892 to welcome millions more, increasingly from eastern and southern Europe. The Statue of Liberty opened in 1886 and became a symbol of hope. New York boomed during the Roaring Twenties, before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and skyscrapers expressed the energy of the city. New York City was the site of successive tallest buildings in the world from 1913 to 1974.
The buildup of defense industries for World War II turned around the state's economy from the Great Depression, as hundreds of thousands worked to defeat the Axis powers. Following the war, the state experienced significant suburbanization around all the major cities, and most central cities shrank. The Thruway system opened in 1956, signaling another era of transportation advances.
Following a period of near-bankruptcy in the late 1970s, New York City renewed its stature as a cultural center, attracted more immigration, and hosted the development of new music styles. The city developed from publishing to become a media capital over the second half of the 20th century, hosting most national news channels and broadcasts. Some of its newspapers became nationally and globally renowned. The state's manufacturing base eroded with the restructuring of industry, and the state transitioned into service industries.
The first peoples of New York are estimated to have arrived around 10,000 BC. Around AD 800, Iroquois ancestors moved into the area from the Appalachian region. The people of the Point Peninsula complex were the predecessors of the Algonquian peoples of New York. By around 1100, the distinct Iroquoian-speaking and Algonquian-speaking cultures that would eventually be encountered by Europeans had developed. The five nations of the Iroquois League developed a powerful confederacy about the 15th century that controlled territory throughout present-day New York, into Pennsylvania around the Great Lakes. For centuries, the Mohawk cultivated maize fields in the lowlands of the Mohawk River, which were later taken over by Dutch settlers at Schenectady, New York when they bought this territory. The Iroquois nations to the west also had well-cultivated areas and orchards.
The Iroquois established dominance over the fur trade throughout their territory, bargaining with European colonists. Other New York tribes were more subject to either European destruction or assimilation within the Iroquoian confederacy. Situated at major Native trade routes in the Northeast and positioned between French and English zones of settlement, the Iroquois were intensely caught up with the onrush of Europeans, which is also to say that the settlers, whether Dutch, French or English, were caught up with the Iroquois as well. Algonquian tribes were less united among their tribes; they typically lived along rivers, streams, or the Atlantic Coast. But, both groups of natives were well-established peoples with highly sophisticated cultural systems; these were little understood or appreciated by the European colonists who encountered them. The natives had "a complex and elaborate native economy that included hunting, gathering, manufacturing, and farming...[and were] a mosaic of Native American tribes, nations, languages, and political associations." The Iroquois usually met at an Onondaga in Northern New York, which changed every century or so, where they would coordinate policies on how to deal with Europeans and strengthen the bond between the Five Nations.
Tribes who have managed to call New York home have been the Iroquois, Mohawk, Mohican, Susquehannock, Petun, Chonnonton, Ontario and Nanticoke.
In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer in the service of the French crown, explored the Atlantic coast of North America between the Carolinas and Newfoundland, including New York Harbor and Narragansett Bay. On April 17, 1524, Verrazzano entered New York Bay, by way of the Strait now called the Narrows. He described "a vast coastline with a deep delta in which every kind of ship could pass" and he adds: "that it extends inland for a league and opens up to form a beautiful lake. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats". He landed on the tip of Manhattan and perhaps on the furthest point of Long Island.
In 1535, Jacques Cartier, a French explorer, became the first European to describe and map the Saint Lawrence River from the Atlantic Ocean, sailing as far upriver as the site of Montreal.
On April 4, 1609, Henry Hudson, in the employ of the Dutch East India Company, departed Amsterdam in command of the ship Halve Maen (Half Moon). On September 3 he reached the estuary of the Hudson River. He sailed up the Hudson River to about Albany near the confluence of the Mohawk River and the Hudson. His voyage was used to establish Dutch claims to the region and to the fur trade that prospered there after a trading post was established at Albany in 1614.
In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Christiaensen, built Fort Nassau (now Albany) the first Dutch settlement in North America and the first European settlement in what would become New York. It was replaced by nearby Fort Orange in 1623. In 1625, Fort Amsterdam was built on the southern tip of Manhattan Island to defend the Hudson River. This settlement grew to become the city New Amsterdam.
The British conquered New Netherland in 1664; Lenient terms of surrender most likely kept local resistance to a minimum. The colony and New Amsterdam were both renamed New York (and "Beverwijck" was renamed Albany) after its new proprietor, James II later King of England, Ireland and Scotland, who was at the time Duke of York and Duke of Albany The population of New Netherland at the time of English takeover was 7,000–8,000.
Thousands of poor German farmers, chiefly from the Palatine region of Germany, migrated to upstate districts after 1700. They kept to themselves, married their own, spoke German, attended Lutheran churches, and retained their own customs and foods. They emphasized farm ownership. Some mastered English to become conversant with local legal and business opportunities. They ignored the Indians and tolerated slavery (although few were rich enough to own a slave).
Large manors were developed along the Hudson River by elite colonists during the 18th century, including Livingston, Cortlandt, Philipsburg, and Rensselaerswyck. The manors represented more than half of the colony's undeveloped land. The Province of New York thrived during this time, its economy strengthened by Long Island and Hudson Valley agriculture, in conjunction with trade and artisanal activity at the Port of New York; the colony was a breadbasket and lumberyard for the British sugar colonies in the Caribbean. New York's population grew substantially during this century: from the first colonial census (1698) to the last (1771), the province grew ninefold, from 18,067 to 168,007.
New York in the American Revolution
Further information: John Peter Zenger, Stamp Act Congress, Invasion of Canada (1775), New York and New Jersey campaign, Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War, and Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
New York played a pivotal role in the Revolutionary War. The colony verged on revolt following the Stamp Act of 1765, advancing the New York City–based Sons of Liberty to the forefront of New York politics. The Act exacerbated the depression the province experienced after unsuccessfully invading Canada in 1760. Even though New York City merchants lost out on lucrative military contracts, the group sought common ground between the King and the people; however, compromise became impossible as of April 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord. In that aftermath the New York Provincial Congress on June 9, 1775, for five pounds sterling for each hundredweight of gunpowder delivered to each county's committee.
Two powerful families had for decades assembled colony-wide coalitions of supporters. With few exceptions, members long associated with the DeLancey faction went along when its leadership decided to support the crown, while members of the Livingston faction became Patriots.
New York's strategic central location and port made it key to controlling the colonies. The British assembled the century's largest fleet: at one point 30,000 British sailors and soldiers anchored off Staten Island. General George Washington barely escaped New York City with his army in November 1776; General Sir William Howe was successful in driving Washington out, but erred by expanding into New Jersey. By January 1777, he retained only a few outposts near New York City. The British held the city for the duration, using it as a base for expeditions against other targets.
In October 1777, American General Horatio Gates won the Battle of Saratoga, later regarded as the war's turning point. Had Gates not held, the rebellion might well have broken down: losing Saratoga would have cost the entire Hudson–Champlain corridor, which would have separated New England from the rest of the colonies and split the future union.
Upon war's end, New York's borders became well–defined: the counties east of Lake Champlain became Vermont and the state's western borders were settled by 1786.
Many Iroquois supported the British (typically fearing future American ambitions). Many were killed during the war; others went into exile with the British. Those remaining lived on twelve reservations; by 1826 only eight reservations remained, all of which survived into the 21st century.
The state adopted its constitution in April 1777, creating a strong executive and strict separation of powers. It strongly influenced the federal constitution a decade later. Debate over the federal constitution in 1787 led to formation of the groups known as Federalists—mainly "downstaters" (those who lived in or near New York City) who supported a strong national government—and Antifederalists—mainly upstaters (those who lived to the city's north and west) who opposed large national institutions. In 1787, Alexander Hamilton, a leading Federalist from New York and signatory to the Constitution, wrote the first essay of the Federalist Papers. He published and wrote most of the series in New York City newspapers in support of the proposed United States Constitution. Antifederalists were not swayed by the arguments, but the state ratified it in 1788.
In 1785, New York City became the national capital and continued as such on and off until 1790; George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States in front of Federal Hall in 1789. The United States Bill of Rights was drafted there, and the United States Supreme Court sat for the first time. From statehood to 1797, the Legislature frequently moved the state capital between Albany, Kingston, Poughkeepsie, and New York City. Thereafter, Albany retained that role.
In the early 19th century, New York became a center for advancement in transportation. In 1807, Robert Fulton initiated a steamboat line from New York to Albany, the first successful enterprise of its kind. By 1815, Albany was the state's turnpike center, which established the city as the hub for pioneers migrating west to Buffalo and the Michigan Territory.
In 1825 the Erie Canal opened, securing the state's economic dominance. Its impact was enormous: one source stated, "Linking the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes, the canal was an act of political will that joined the regions of the state, created a vast economic hinterland for New York City, and established a ready market for agricultural products from the state's interior." In that year western New York transitioned from "frontier" to settled area. By this time, all counties and most municipalities had incorporated, approximately matching the state's is organized today. In 1831, the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad started the country's first successful regularly–scheduled steam railroad service.
Advancing transportation quickly led to settlement of the fertile Mohawk and Gennessee valleys and the Niagara Frontier. Buffalo and Rochester became boomtowns. Significant migration of New England "Yankees" (mainly of English descent) to the central and western parts of the state led to minor conflicts with the more settled "Yorkers" (mainly of German, Dutch, and Scottish descent). More than 15% of the state's 1850 population had been born in New England[citation needed]. The western part of the state grew fastest at this time. By 1840, New York was home to seven of the nation's thirty largest cities.
During this period, towns established academies for education, including for girls. The western area of the state was a center of progressive causes, including support of abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights. Religious enthusiasms flourished and the Latter Day Saint movement was founded in the area by Joseph Smith and his vision. Some supporters of abolition participated in the Underground Railroad, helping fugitive slaves reach freedom in Canada or in New York.
In addition, in the early 1840s the state legislature and Governor William H. Seward expanded rights for free blacks and fugitive slaves in New York: in 1840 the legislature passed laws protecting the rights of African Americans against Southern slave-catchers. One guaranteed alleged fugitive slaves the right of a jury trial in New York to establish whether they were slaves, and another pledged the aid of the state to recover free blacks kidnapped into slavery, (as happened to Solomon Northup of Saratoga Springs in 1841, who did not regain freedom until 1853.) In 1841 Seward signed legislation to repeal a "nine-month law" that allowed slaveholders to bring their slaves into the state for a period of nine months before they were considered free. After this, slaves brought to the state were immediately considered freed, as was the case in some other free states. Seward also signed legislation to establish public education for all children, leaving it up to local jurisdictions as to how that would be supplied (some had segregated schools).
New York culture bloomed in the first half of the 19th century: in 1809 Washington Irving wrote the satirical A History of New York under the pen name Diedrich Knickerbocker, and in 1819 he based Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in Hudson Valley towns. Thomas Cole's Hudson River School was established in the 1830s by showcasing dramatic landscapes of the Hudson Valley. The first baseball teams formed in New York City in the 1840s, including the New York Knickerbockers. Professional baseball later located its Hall of Fame in Cooperstown. Saratoga Race Course, an annual summer attraction in Saratoga Springs, opened in 1847.
A civil war was not in the best interest of business, because New York had strong ties to the Deep South, both through the port of New York and manufacture of cotton goods in upstate textile mills. Half of New York City's exports were related to cotton before the war. Southern businessmen so frequently traveled to the city that they established favorite hotels and restaurants. Trade was based on moving Southern goods. The city's large Democrat community feared the impact of Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 and the mayor urged secession of New York.
By the time of the 1861 Battle of Fort Sumter, such political differences decreased and the state quickly met Lincoln's request for soldiers and supplies. More soldiers fought from New York than any other Northern state. While no battles were waged in New York, the state was not immune to Confederate conspiracies, including one to burn various New York cities and another to invade the state via Canada.
In January 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in states that were still in rebellion against the union. In March 1863, the federal draft law was changed so that male citizens between 20 and 35 and unmarried citizens to age 45 were subject to conscription. Those who could afford to hire a substitute or pay $300 were exempt. Antiwar newspaper editors attacked the law, and many immigrants and their descendants resented being drafted in place of people who could buy their way out. Democratic Party leaders raised the specter of a deluge of freed southern blacks competing with the white working class, then dominated by ethnic Irish and immigrants. On the lottery's first day, July 11, 1863, the first lottery draw was held. On Monday, July 13, 1863, five days of large-scale riots began, which were dominated by ethnic Irish, who targeted blacks in the city, their neighborhoods, and known abolitionist sympathizers. As a result, many blacks left Manhattan permanently, moving to Brooklyn or other areas.
In the following decades, New York strengthened its dominance of the financial and banking industries. Manufacturing continued to rise: Eastman Kodak founded in 1888 in Rochester, General Electric in Schenectady, and Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company in the Triple Cities are some of the well-known companies founded during this period. Buffalo and Niagara Falls attracted numerous factories following the advent of hydroelectric power in the area. With industry blooming, workers began to unite in New York as early as the 1820s. By 1882, the Knights of Labor in New York City had 60,000 members. Trade unions used political influence to limit working hours as early as 1867. At the same time, New York's agricultural output peaked. Focus changed from crop-based to dairy-based agriculture. The cheese industry became established in the Mohawk Valley. By 1881, the state had more than 241,000 farms. In the same period, the area around New York harbor became the world's oyster capital, retaining that title into the early twentieth century.
Immigration increased throughout the latter half of the 19th century. Starting with refugees from the Great Famine of Ireland in the 1840s, New York became a prominent entry point for those seeking a new life in the United States. Between 1855 and 1890, an estimated 8 million immigrants passed through Castle Clinton at Battery Park in Manhattan. Early in this period, most immigrants came from Ireland and Germany. Ellis Island opened in 1892, and between 1880 and 1920, most immigrants were German and Eastern European Jews, Poles, and other Eastern and Southern Europeans, including many Italians. By 1925, New York City's population outnumbered that of London, making it the most populous city in the world. Arguably New York's most identifiable symbol, Liberty Enlightening the World (the Statue of Liberty), a gift from France for the American centennial, was completed in 1886. By the early 20th century, the statue was regarded as the "Mother of Exiles"—a symbol of hope to immigrants.
New York's political pattern changed little after the mid–19th century. New York City and its metropolitan area was already heavily Democrat; Upstate was aligned with the Republican Party and was a center of abolitionist activists. In the 1850s, Democratic Tammany Hall became one of the most powerful and durable political machines in United States history. Boss William Tweed brought the organization to the forefront of city and then state politics in the 1860s. Based on its command of a large population, Tammany maintained influence until at least the 1930s. Outside the city, Republicans were able to influence the redistricting process enough to constrain New York City and capture control of the Legislature in 1894. Both parties have seen national political success: in the 39 presidential elections between 1856 and 2010, Republicans won 19 times and Democrats 20 times.
By 1901, New York was the richest and most populous state. Two years prior, the five boroughs of New York City became one city. Within decades, the city's emblem had become the skyscraper: the Woolworth Building was the tallest building in the world from 1913, surpassed by 40 Wall Street in April 1930, the Chrysler Building in 1930, the Empire State Building in 1931, and the World Trade Center in 1972 before losing the title in 1974.
The state was serviced by over a dozen major railroads and at the start of the 20th century and electric Interurban rail networks began to spring up around Syracuse, Rochester and other cities in New York during this period.
In the late 1890s governor Theodore Roosevelt and fellow Republicans such as Charles Evans Hughes worked with many Democrats such as Al Smith to promote Progressivism. They battled trusts and monopolies (especially in the insurance industry), promoted efficiency, fought waste, and called for more democracy in politics. Democrats focused more on the benefits of progressivism for their own ethnic working class base and for labor unions.
Democratic political machines, especially Tammany Hall in Manhattan, opposed woman suffrage because they feared that the addition of female voters would dilute the control they had established over groups of male voters. By the time of the New York State referendum on women's suffrage in 1917, however, some wives and daughters of Tammany Hall leaders were working for suffrage, leading it to take a neutral position that was crucial to the referendum's passage.
Following a sharp but short-lived Depression at the beginning of the decade, New York enjoyed a booming economy during the Roaring Twenties. New York suffered during the Great Depression, which began with the Wall Street crash on Black Tuesday in 1929. The Securities and Exchange Commission opened in 1934 to regulate the stock market. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected governor in 1928, and the state faced upwards of 25% unemployment. His Temporary Emergency Relief Agency, established in 1931, was the first work relief program in the nation and influenced the national Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Roosevelt was elected President in 1932 in part because of his promises to extend New York–style relief programs across the country via his New Deal. In 1932, Lake Placid was host to the III Olympic Winter Games.
As the largest state, New York again supplied the most resources during World War II. New York manufactured 11 percent of total United States military armaments produced during the war and suffered 31,215 casualties. The war affected the state both socially and economically. For example, to overcome discriminatory labor practices, Governor Herbert H. Lehman created the Committee on Discrimination in Employment in 1941 and Governor Thomas E. Dewey signed the Ives-Quinn Act in 1945, banning employment discrimination. The G.I. Bill of 1944, which offered returning soldiers the opportunity of affordable higher education, forced New York to create a public university system since its private universities could not handle the influx; the State University of New York was created by Governor Dewey in 1948.
World War II constituted New York's last great industrial era. At its conclusion, the defense industry shrank and the economy shifted towards producing services rather than goods. Returning soldiers disproportionately displaced female and minority workers who had entered the industrial workforce only when the war left employers no other choice. Companies moved to the south and west, seeking lower taxes and a less costly, non–union workforce. Many workers followed the jobs. The middle class expanded and created suburbs such as the one on Long Island. The automobile accelerated this decentralization; planned communities like Levittown offered affordable middle-class housing.
Larger cities stopped growing around 1950. Growth resumed only in New York City, in the 1980s. Buffalo's population fell by half between 1950 and 2000. Reduced immigration and worker migration led New York State's population to decline for the first time between 1970 and 1980. California and Texas both surpassed it in population.
New York entered its third era of massive transportation projects by building highways, notably the New York State Thruway. The project was unpopular with New York City Democrats, who referred to it as "Dewey's ditch" and the "enemy of schools", because the Thruway disproportionately benefited upstate. The highway was based on the German Autobahn and was unlike anything seen at that point in the United States. It was within 30 miles (50 km) of 90% of the population at its conception. Costing $600 million, the full 427-mile (687 km) project opened in 1956.
Nelson Rockefeller was governor from 1959 to 1973 and changed New York politics. He began as a liberal, but grew more conservative: he limited SUNY's growth, responded aggressively to the Attica Prison riot, and promulgated the uniquely severe Rockefeller Drug Laws. The World Trade Center and other profligate projects nearly drove New York City into bankruptcy in 1975. The state took substantial budgetary control, which eventually led to improved fiscal prudence.
The Executive Mansion was retaken by Democrats in 1974 and remained under Democratic control for 20 years under Hugh Carey and Mario Cuomo. Late–century Democrats became more centrist, including US Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1977–2001) and New York City Mayor Ed Koch (1978–1989), while state Republicans began to align themselves with the more conservative national party. They gained power through the elections of Senator Alfonse D'Amato in 1980, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani in 1993, and Governor George Pataki in 1994. New York remained one of the most liberal states. In 1984, Ronald Reagan was the last Republican to carry the state, although Republican Michael Bloomberg served as New York City mayor in the early 21st century.
In the late 20th century, telecommunication and high technology industries employed many New Yorkers. New York City was especially successful at this transition. Entrepreneurs created many small companies, as industrial firms such as Polaroid withered. This success drew many young professionals into the still–dwindling cities. New York City was the exception and has continued to draw new residents. The energy of the city created attractions and new businesses. Some people believe that changes in policing created a less threatening environment; crime rates dropped, and urban development reduced urban decay.
This in turn led to a surge in culture. New York City became, once again, "the center for all things chic and trendy". Hip-hop and rap music, led by New York City, became the most popular pop genre. Immigration to both the city and state rose. New York City, with a large gay and lesbian community, suffered many deaths from AIDS beginning in the 1980s.
New York City increased its already large share of television programming, home to the network news broadcasts, as well as two of the three major cable news networks. The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times became two of the three "national" newspapers, read throughout the country. New York also increased its dominance of the financial services industry centered on Wall Street, led by banking expansion, a rising stock market, innovations in investment banking, including junk bond trading and accelerated by the savings and loan crisis that decimated competitors elsewhere in New York.
Upstate did not fare as well as downstate; the major industries that began to reinvigorate New York City did not typically spread to other regions. The number of farms in the state had fallen to 30,000 by 1997. City populations continued to decline while suburbs grew in area, but did not increase proportionately in population. High-tech industry grew in cities such as Corning and Rochester. Overall New York entered the new millennium "in a position of economic strength and optimism".
In 2001, New York entered a new era following the 9/11 attacks, the worst terrorist attack ever to take place on American soil. Two of the four hijacked passenger jets crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, destroying them, and killing almost 3,000 people. One flew into the Pentagon demolishing the walls. The final one was almost taken back over by the passengers aboard and crashed into an open grassland with 296 out of the 500 people dead. Thousands of New Yorkers volunteered their time to search the ruin for survivors and remains in the following weeks.
Following the attacks, plans were announced to rebuild the World Trade Center site. 7 World Trade Center became the first World Trade Center skyscraper to be rebuilt in five years after the attacks. One World Trade Center, four more office towers, and a memorial to the casualties of the September 11 attacks are under construction as of 2011. One World Trade Center opened on November 3, 2014.
On October 29 and 30, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused extensive destruction of the state's shorelines, ravaging portions of New York City, Long Island, and southern Westchester with record-high storm surge, with severe flooding and high winds causing power outages for hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers, and leading to gasoline shortages and disruption of mass transit systems. The storm and its profound effects have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of New York City and Long Island to minimize the risk from another such future event. Such risk is considered highly probable due to global warming and rising sea levels.